talk : talk with AI in the terminal

.gitignore

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ build-sanitize-thread/
 main
 stream
 command
+talk
 bench
 sync.sh
 libwhisper.so

Makefile

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ libwhisper.so: ggml.o whisper.o
 	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -shared -o libwhisper.so ggml.o whisper.o $(LDFLAGS)
 
 clean:
-	rm -f *.o main stream command bench libwhisper.a libwhisper.so
+	rm -f *.o main stream command talk bench libwhisper.a libwhisper.so
 
 #
 # Examples
@@ -172,6 +172,9 @@ stream: examples/stream/stream.cpp ggml.o whisper.o
 command: examples/command/command.cpp ggml.o whisper.o
 	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) examples/command/command.cpp ggml.o whisper.o -o command $(CC_SDL) $(LDFLAGS)
 
+talk: examples/talk/talk.cpp  examples/talk/gpt-2.cpp ggml.o whisper.o
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) examples/talk/talk.cpp examples/talk/gpt-2.cpp ggml.o whisper.o -o talk $(CC_SDL) $(LDFLAGS)
+
 bench: examples/bench/bench.cpp ggml.o whisper.o
 	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) examples/bench/bench.cpp ggml.o whisper.o -o bench $(LDFLAGS)
 

README.md

@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ Some of the examples are even ported to run in the browser using WebAssembly. Ch
 | [bench](examples/bench) | | Benchmark the performance of Whisper on your machine |
 | [stream](examples/stream) | [stream.wasm](examples/stream.wasm) | Real-time transcription of raw microphone capture |
 | [command](examples/command) | [command.wasm](examples/command.wasm) | Basic voice assistant example for receiving voice commands from the mic |
-| | [talk.wasm](examples/talk.wasm) | Talk with a GPT-2 bot in your browser |
+| [talk](examples/talk) | [talk.wasm](examples/talk.wasm) | Talk with a GPT-2 bot |
 | [whisper.objc](examples/whisper.objc) | | iOS mobile application using whisper.cpp |
 | [whisper.nvim](examples/whisper.nvim) | | Speech-to-text plugin for Neovim |
 | [generate-karaoke.sh](examples/generate-karaoke.sh) | | Helper script to easily [generate a karaoke video](https://youtu.be/uj7hVta4blM) of raw audio capture |

examples/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -28,4 +28,5 @@ else()
     add_subdirectory(stream)
     add_subdirectory(command)
     add_subdirectory(bench)
+    add_subdirectory(talk)
 endif()

examples/command/command.cpp

@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ struct whisper_params {
 
     bool speed_up      = false;
     bool translate     = false;
-    bool no_context    = true;
     bool print_special = false;
     bool print_energy  = false;
     bool no_timestamps = true;

examples/talk.wasm/README.md

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ Talk with an Artificial Intelligence in your browser:
 
 Online demo: https://whisper.ggerganov.com/talk/
 
+Terminal version: [examples/talk](/examples/talk)
+
 ## How it works?
 
 This demo leverages 2 modern neural network models to create a high-quality voice chat directly in your browser:

examples/talk/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+eleven-labs.py

examples/talk/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+if (WHISPER_SUPPORT_SDL2)
+    # talk
+    set(TARGET talk)
+    add_executable(${TARGET} talk.cpp gpt-2.cpp)
+    target_include_directories(${TARGET} PRIVATE ${SDL2_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+    target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE whisper ${SDL2_LIBRARIES} ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+endif ()

examples/talk/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# talk
+
+Talk with an Artificial Intelligence in your terminal
+
+[Demo Talk](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1991296/206805012-48e71cc2-588d-4745-8798-c1c70ea3b40d.mp4)
+
+Web version: [examples/talk.wasm](/examples/talk.wasm)
+
+## Building
+
+The `talk` tool depends on SDL2 library to capture audio from the microphone. You can build it like this:
+
+```bash
+# Install SDL2 on Linux
+sudo apt-get install libsdl2-dev
+
+# Install SDL2 on Mac OS
+brew install sdl2
+
+# Build the "talk" executable
+make talk
+
+# Run it
+./talk -p Santa
+```
+
+To run this, you will need a ggml GPT-2 model: [instructions](https://github.com/ggerganov/ggml/tree/master/examples/gpt-2#downloading-and-converting-the-original-models)
+
+Alternatively, you can simply download the smallest ggml GPT-2 117M model (240 MB) like this:
+
+```
+wget --quiet --show-progress -O models/ggml-gpt-2-117M.bin https://ggml.ggerganov.com/ggml-model-gpt-2-117M.bin
+```

examples/talk/gpt-2.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,925 @@
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "gpt-2.h"
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <vector>
+#include <regex>
+#include <random>
+
+/////////////////////// GPT-2 BEGIN /////////////////////////
+
+//
+// Vocab utils
+//
+
+std::vector<gpt_vocab::id> gpt_tokenize(const gpt_vocab & vocab, const std::string & text) {
+    std::vector<std::string> words;
+
+    // first split the text into words
+    {
+        std::string str = text;
+        std::string pat = R"('s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d| ?[[:alpha:]]+| ?[[:digit:]]+| ?[^\s[:alpha:][:digit:]]+|\s+(?!\S)|\s+)";
+
+        std::regex re(pat);
+        std::smatch m;
+
+        while (std::regex_search(str, m, re)) {
+            for (auto x : m) {
+                words.push_back(x);
+            }
+            str = m.suffix();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // find the longest tokens that form the words:
+    std::vector<gpt_vocab::id> tokens;
+    for (const auto & word : words) {
+        if (word.size() == 0) continue;
+
+        int i = 0;
+        int n = word.size();
+        while (i < n) {
+            int j = n;
+            while (j > i) {
+                auto it = vocab.token_to_id.find(word.substr(i, j-i));
+                if (it != vocab.token_to_id.end()) {
+                    tokens.push_back(it->second);
+                    i = j;
+                    break;
+                }
+                --j;
+            }
+            if (i == n) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (j == i) {
+                auto sub = word.substr(i, 1);
+                if (vocab.token_to_id.find(sub) != vocab.token_to_id.end()) {
+                    tokens.push_back(vocab.token_to_id.at(sub));
+                } else {
+                    fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown token '%s'\n", __func__, sub.data());
+                }
+                ++i;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return tokens;
+}
+
+gpt_vocab::id gpt_sample_top_k_top_p(
+        const gpt_vocab & vocab,
+        const float * logits,
+        int    top_k,
+        double top_p,
+        double temp,
+        std::mt19937 & rng) {
+    int n_logits = vocab.id_to_token.size();
+
+    std::vector<std::pair<double, gpt_vocab::id>> logits_id;
+    logits_id.reserve(n_logits);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < n_logits; i++) {
+        logits_id.push_back(std::make_pair(logits[i], i));
+    }
+
+    // find the top K tokens
+    std::partial_sort(
+            logits_id.begin(),
+            logits_id.begin() + top_k, logits_id.end(),
+            [](const std::pair<double, gpt_vocab::id> & a, const std::pair<double, gpt_vocab::id> & b) {
+        return a.first > b.first;
+    });
+
+    logits_id.resize(top_k);
+
+    // normalize
+    {
+        double sum = 0.0f;
+        for (int i = 0; i < (int)logits_id.size(); i++) {
+            sum += logits_id[i].first;
+        }
+
+        sum = 1.0/sum;
+        for (int i = 0; i < (int)logits_id.size(); i++) {
+            logits_id[i].first *= sum;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (top_p < 1.0f) {
+        {
+            double cumsum = 0.0f;
+            for (int i = 0; i < top_k; i++) {
+                cumsum += logits_id[i].first;
+                if (cumsum >= top_p) {
+                    logits_id.resize(i+1);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // normalize again
+        {
+            double sum = 0.0f;
+            for (int i = 0; i < (int)logits_id.size(); i++) {
+                sum += logits_id[i].first;
+            }
+
+            sum = 1.0/sum;
+            for (int i = 0; i < (int)logits_id.size(); i++) {
+                logits_id[i].first *= sum;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    //printf("\n");
+    //for (int i = 0; i < (int)logits_id.size(); i++) {
+    //    printf("%d: '%s' %f\n", i, vocab.id_to_token.at(logits_id[i].second).c_str(), logits_id[i].first);
+    //}
+    //exit(0);
+
+    // sample from the obtained distribution
+    std::vector<double> probs;
+    probs.reserve(logits_id.size());
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < (int) logits_id.size(); i++) {
+        probs.push_back(logits_id[i].first);
+    }
+
+    std::discrete_distribution<> dist(probs.begin(), probs.end());
+    int idx = dist(rng);
+
+    return logits_id[idx].second;
+}
+
+// default hparams (GPT-2 117M)
+struct gpt2_hparams {
+    int32_t n_vocab = 50257;
+    int32_t n_ctx   = 1024;
+    int32_t n_embd  = 768;
+    int32_t n_head  = 12;
+    int32_t n_layer = 12;
+    int32_t f16     = 1;
+};
+
+struct gpt2_layer {
+    // normalization
+    struct ggml_tensor * ln_1_g;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ln_1_b;
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * ln_2_g;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ln_2_b;
+
+    // attention
+    struct ggml_tensor * c_attn_attn_w;
+    struct ggml_tensor * c_attn_attn_b;
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * c_attn_proj_w;
+    struct ggml_tensor * c_attn_proj_b;
+
+    // mlp
+    struct ggml_tensor * c_mlp_fc_w;
+    struct ggml_tensor * c_mlp_fc_b;
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * c_mlp_proj_w_trans; // transposed for efficiency
+    struct ggml_tensor * c_mlp_proj_b;
+};
+
+struct gpt2_model {
+    gpt2_hparams hparams;
+
+    // normalization
+    struct ggml_tensor * ln_f_g;
+    struct ggml_tensor * ln_f_b;
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * wte; // position embedding
+    struct ggml_tensor * wpe; //    token embedding
+
+    std::vector<gpt2_layer> layers;
+
+    // key + value memory
+    struct ggml_tensor * memory_k;
+    struct ggml_tensor * memory_v;
+
+    //
+    struct ggml_context * ctx;
+    std::map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor *> tensors;
+};
+
+// load the model's weights from a file
+bool gpt2_model_load(const std::string & fname, gpt2_model & model, gpt_vocab & vocab) {
+    printf("%s: loading model from '%s'\n", __func__, fname.c_str());
+
+    auto fin = std::ifstream(fname, std::ios::binary);
+    if (!fin) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to open '%s'\n", __func__, fname.c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // verify magic
+    {
+        uint32_t magic;
+        fin.read((char *) &magic, sizeof(magic));
+        if (magic != 0x67676d6c) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid model file '%s' (bad magic)\n", __func__, fname.c_str());
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // load hparams
+    {
+        auto & hparams = model.hparams;
+
+        fin.read((char *) &hparams.n_vocab, sizeof(hparams.n_vocab));
+        fin.read((char *) &hparams.n_ctx,   sizeof(hparams.n_ctx));
+        fin.read((char *) &hparams.n_embd,  sizeof(hparams.n_embd));
+        fin.read((char *) &hparams.n_head,  sizeof(hparams.n_head));
+        fin.read((char *) &hparams.n_layer, sizeof(hparams.n_layer));
+        fin.read((char *) &hparams.f16,     sizeof(hparams.f16));
+
+        printf("%s: n_vocab = %d\n", __func__, hparams.n_vocab);
+        printf("%s: n_ctx   = %d\n", __func__, hparams.n_ctx);
+        printf("%s: n_embd  = %d\n", __func__, hparams.n_embd);
+        printf("%s: n_head  = %d\n", __func__, hparams.n_head);
+        printf("%s: n_layer = %d\n", __func__, hparams.n_layer);
+        printf("%s: f16     = %d\n", __func__, hparams.f16);
+    }
+
+    // load vocab
+    {
+        int32_t n_vocab = 0;
+        fin.read((char *) &n_vocab, sizeof(n_vocab));
+
+        if (n_vocab != model.hparams.n_vocab) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid model file '%s' (bad vocab size %d != %d)\n",
+                    __func__, fname.c_str(), n_vocab, model.hparams.n_vocab);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        std::string word;
+        for (int i = 0; i < n_vocab; i++) {
+            uint32_t len;
+            fin.read((char *) &len, sizeof(len));
+
+            word.resize(len);
+            fin.read((char *) word.data(), len);
+
+            vocab.token_to_id[word] = i;
+            vocab.id_to_token[i] = word;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // for the big tensors, we have the option to store the data in 16-bit floats
+    // in order to save memory and also to speed up the computation
+    const ggml_type wtype = model.hparams.f16 ? GGML_TYPE_F16 : GGML_TYPE_F32;
+
+    auto & ctx = model.ctx;
+
+    size_t ctx_size = 0;
+
+    {
+        const auto & hparams = model.hparams;
+
+        const int n_embd  = hparams.n_embd;
+        const int n_layer = hparams.n_layer;
+        const int n_ctx   = hparams.n_ctx;
+        const int n_vocab = hparams.n_vocab;
+
+        ctx_size += n_embd*ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32); // ln_f_g
+        ctx_size += n_embd*ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32); // ln_f_b
+
+        ctx_size += n_vocab*n_embd*ggml_type_size(wtype);         // wte
+        ctx_size +=   n_ctx*n_embd*ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32); // wpe
+
+        ctx_size += n_layer*(n_embd*ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32)); // ln_1_g
+        ctx_size += n_layer*(n_embd*ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32)); // ln_1_b
+
+        ctx_size += n_layer*(n_embd*ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32)); // ln_2_g
+        ctx_size += n_layer*(n_embd*ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32)); // ln_2_b
+
+        ctx_size += n_layer*(3*n_embd*n_embd*ggml_type_size(wtype));         // c_attn_attn_w
+        ctx_size += n_layer*(       3*n_embd*ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32)); // c_attn_attn_b
+
+        ctx_size += n_layer*(n_embd*n_embd*ggml_type_size(wtype));           // c_attn_proj_w
+        ctx_size += n_layer*(       n_embd*ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32));   // c_attn_proj_b
+
+        ctx_size += n_layer*(4*n_embd*n_embd*ggml_type_size(wtype));         // c_mlp_fc_w
+        ctx_size += n_layer*(       4*n_embd*ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32)); // c_mlp_fc_b
+
+        ctx_size += n_layer*(4*n_embd*n_embd*ggml_type_size(wtype));         // c_mlp_proj_w
+        ctx_size += n_layer*(         n_embd*ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32)); // c_mlp_proj_b
+
+        ctx_size += n_ctx*n_layer*n_embd*ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32); // memory_k
+        ctx_size += n_ctx*n_layer*n_embd*ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32); // memory_v
+
+        ctx_size += (6 + 12*n_layer)*256; // object overhead
+
+        printf("%s: ggml ctx size = %6.2f MB\n", __func__, ctx_size/(1024.0*1024.0));
+    }
+
+    // create the ggml context
+    {
+        struct ggml_init_params params = {
+            .mem_size   = ctx_size,
+            .mem_buffer = NULL,
+        };
+
+        model.ctx = ggml_init(params);
+        if (!model.ctx) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "%s: ggml_init() failed\n", __func__);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // prepare memory for the weights
+    {
+        const auto & hparams = model.hparams;
+
+        const int n_embd  = hparams.n_embd;
+        const int n_layer = hparams.n_layer;
+        const int n_ctx   = hparams.n_ctx;
+        const int n_vocab = hparams.n_vocab;
+
+        model.layers.resize(n_layer);
+
+        model.ln_f_g = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd);
+        model.ln_f_b = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd);
+
+        model.wte = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, wtype,         n_embd, n_vocab);
+        model.wpe = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, n_ctx);
+
+        // map by name
+        model.tensors["model/ln_f/g"] = model.ln_f_g;
+        model.tensors["model/ln_f/b"] = model.ln_f_b;
+
+        model.tensors["model/wte"] = model.wte;
+        model.tensors["model/wpe"] = model.wpe;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+            auto & layer = model.layers[i];
+
+            layer.ln_1_g             = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32,   n_embd);
+            layer.ln_1_b             = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32,   n_embd);
+
+            layer.ln_2_g             = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32,   n_embd);
+            layer.ln_2_b             = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32,   n_embd);
+
+            layer.c_attn_attn_w      = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, wtype,         3*n_embd, n_embd);
+            layer.c_attn_attn_b      = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 3*n_embd);
+
+            layer.c_attn_proj_w      = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, wtype,           n_embd, n_embd);
+            layer.c_attn_proj_b      = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32,   n_embd);
+
+            layer.c_mlp_fc_w         = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, wtype,         4*n_embd, n_embd);
+            layer.c_mlp_fc_b         = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 4*n_embd);
+
+            layer.c_mlp_proj_w_trans = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, wtype,         4*n_embd, n_embd);
+            layer.c_mlp_proj_b       = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32,   n_embd);
+
+            // map by name
+            model.tensors["model/h" + std::to_string(i) + "/ln_1/g"]        = layer.ln_1_g;
+            model.tensors["model/h" + std::to_string(i) + "/ln_1/b"]        = layer.ln_1_b;
+
+            model.tensors["model/h" + std::to_string(i) + "/ln_2/g"]        = layer.ln_2_g;
+            model.tensors["model/h" + std::to_string(i) + "/ln_2/b"]        = layer.ln_2_b;
+
+            model.tensors["model/h" + std::to_string(i) + "/attn/c_attn/w"] = layer.c_attn_attn_w;
+            model.tensors["model/h" + std::to_string(i) + "/attn/c_attn/b"] = layer.c_attn_attn_b;
+
+            model.tensors["model/h" + std::to_string(i) + "/attn/c_proj/w"] = layer.c_attn_proj_w;
+            model.tensors["model/h" + std::to_string(i) + "/attn/c_proj/b"] = layer.c_attn_proj_b;
+
+            model.tensors["model/h" + std::to_string(i) + "/mlp/c_fc/w"]    = layer.c_mlp_fc_w;
+            model.tensors["model/h" + std::to_string(i) + "/mlp/c_fc/b"]    = layer.c_mlp_fc_b;
+
+            model.tensors["model/h" + std::to_string(i) + "/mlp/c_proj/w"]  = layer.c_mlp_proj_w_trans;
+            model.tensors["model/h" + std::to_string(i) + "/mlp/c_proj/b"]  = layer.c_mlp_proj_b;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // key + value memory
+    {
+        const auto & hparams = model.hparams;
+
+        const int n_embd  = hparams.n_embd;
+        const int n_layer = hparams.n_layer;
+        const int n_ctx   = hparams.n_ctx;
+
+        const int n_mem      = n_layer*n_ctx;
+        const int n_elements = n_embd*n_mem;
+
+        model.memory_k = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_elements);
+        model.memory_v = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_elements);
+
+        const size_t memory_size = ggml_nbytes(model.memory_k) + ggml_nbytes(model.memory_v);
+
+        printf("%s: memory size = %8.2f MB, n_mem = %d\n", __func__, memory_size/1024.0/1024.0, n_mem);
+    }
+
+    // load weights
+    {
+        size_t total_size = 0;
+
+        while (true) {
+            int32_t n_dims;
+            int32_t length;
+            int32_t ftype;
+
+            fin.read(reinterpret_cast<char *>(&n_dims), sizeof(n_dims));
+            fin.read(reinterpret_cast<char *>(&length), sizeof(length));
+            fin.read(reinterpret_cast<char *>(&ftype),  sizeof(ftype));
+
+            if (fin.eof()) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            int32_t nelements = 1;
+            int32_t ne[2] = { 1, 1 };
+            for (int i = 0; i < n_dims; ++i) {
+                fin.read(reinterpret_cast<char *>(&ne[i]), sizeof(ne[i]));
+                nelements *= ne[i];
+            }
+
+            std::string name(length, 0);
+            fin.read(&name[0], length);
+
+            if (model.tensors.find(name.data()) == model.tensors.end()) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown tensor '%s' in model file\n", __func__, name.data());
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            auto tensor = model.tensors[name.data()];
+            if (ggml_nelements(tensor) != nelements) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "%s: tensor '%s' has wrong size in model file\n", __func__, name.data());
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (tensor->ne[0] != ne[0] || tensor->ne[1] != ne[1]) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "%s: tensor '%s' has wrong shape in model file: got [%d, %d], expected [%d, %d]\n",
+                        __func__, name.data(), tensor->ne[0], tensor->ne[1], ne[0], ne[1]);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            const size_t bpe = (ftype == 0) ? sizeof(float) : sizeof(ggml_fp16_t);
+
+            if (nelements*bpe != ggml_nbytes(tensor)) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "%s: tensor '%s' has wrong size in model file: got %zu, expected %zu\n",
+                        __func__, name.data(), ggml_nbytes(tensor), nelements*bpe);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            fin.read(reinterpret_cast<char *>(tensor->data), ggml_nbytes(tensor));
+
+            //printf("%24s - [%5d, %5d], type = %6s, %6.2f MB\n", name.data(), ne[0], ne[1], ftype == 0 ? "float" : "f16", ggml_nbytes(tensor)/1024.0/1024.0);
+            total_size += ggml_nbytes(tensor);
+        }
+
+        printf("%s: model size  = %8.2f MB\n", __func__, total_size/1024.0/1024.0);
+    }
+
+    fin.close();
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// evaluate the transformer
+//
+//   - model:     the model
+//   - n_threads: number of threads to use
+//   - n_past:    the context size so far
+//   - embd_inp:  the embeddings of the tokens in the context
+//   - embd_w:    the predicted probabilities of the next token
+//
+bool gpt2_eval(
+        const gpt2_model & model,
+        const int n_threads,
+        const int n_past,
+        const std::vector<gpt_vocab::id> & embd_inp,
+              std::vector<float>         & embd_w,
+              size_t                     & mem_per_token) {
+    const int N = embd_inp.size();
+
+    const auto & hparams = model.hparams;
+
+    const int n_embd  = hparams.n_embd;
+    const int n_layer = hparams.n_layer;
+    const int n_ctx   = hparams.n_ctx;
+    const int n_head  = hparams.n_head;
+    const int n_vocab = hparams.n_vocab;
+
+    static size_t buf_size = 5640ull*1024*1024;
+    static void * buf = malloc(buf_size);
+
+    if (mem_per_token > 0 && mem_per_token*N > buf_size) {
+        const size_t buf_size_new = 1.1*(mem_per_token*N); // add 10% to account for ggml object overhead
+        printf("\n%s: reallocating buffer from %zu to %zu bytes\n", __func__, buf_size, buf_size_new);
+
+        // reallocate
+        buf_size = buf_size_new;
+        buf = realloc(buf, buf_size);
+        if (buf == nullptr) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to allocate %zu bytes\n", __func__, buf_size);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct ggml_init_params params = {
+        .mem_size   = buf_size,
+        .mem_buffer = buf,
+    };
+
+    struct ggml_context * ctx0 = ggml_init(params);
+    struct ggml_cgraph gf = { .n_threads = n_threads };
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * embd = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, N);
+    memcpy(embd->data, embd_inp.data(), N*ggml_element_size(embd));
+
+    struct ggml_tensor * position = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, N);
+    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
+        ((int32_t *) position->data)[i] = n_past + i;
+    }
+
+    // wte + wpe
+    struct ggml_tensor * inpL =
+        ggml_add(ctx0,
+                ggml_get_rows(ctx0, model.wte, embd),
+                ggml_get_rows(ctx0, model.wpe, position));
+
+    for (int il = 0; il < n_layer; ++il) {
+        struct ggml_tensor * cur;
+
+        // norm
+        {
+            // [ 768, N]
+            cur = ggml_norm(ctx0, inpL);
+
+            // cur = ln_1_g*cur + ln_1_b
+            // [ 768, N]
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0,
+                    ggml_mul(ctx0,
+                        ggml_repeat(ctx0, model.layers[il].ln_1_g, cur),
+                        cur),
+                    ggml_repeat(ctx0, model.layers[il].ln_1_b, cur));
+        }
+
+        // attn
+        // [2304, 768] - model.layers[il].c_attn_attn_w
+        // [2304,   1] - model.layers[il].c_attn_attn_b
+        // [ 768,   N] - cur (in)
+        // [2304,   N] - cur (out)
+        //
+        // cur = attn_w*cur + attn_b
+        // [2304, N]
+        {
+            cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
+                    ggml_transpose(ctx0, model.layers[il].c_attn_attn_w),
+                    cur);
+
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0,
+                    ggml_repeat(ctx0, model.layers[il].c_attn_attn_b, cur),
+                    cur);
+        }
+
+        // self-attention
+        {
+            struct ggml_tensor * Qcur = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, N, cur->nb[1], 0*sizeof(float)*n_embd);
+            struct ggml_tensor * Kcur = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, N, cur->nb[1], 1*sizeof(float)*n_embd);
+            struct ggml_tensor * Vcur = ggml_view_2d(ctx0, cur, n_embd, N, cur->nb[1], 2*sizeof(float)*n_embd);
+
+            // store key and value to memory
+            if (N >= 1) {
+                struct ggml_tensor * k = ggml_view_1d(ctx0, model.memory_k, N*n_embd, (ggml_element_size(model.memory_k)*n_embd)*(il*n_ctx + n_past));
+                struct ggml_tensor * v = ggml_view_1d(ctx0, model.memory_v, N*n_embd, (ggml_element_size(model.memory_v)*n_embd)*(il*n_ctx + n_past));
+
+                ggml_build_forward_expand(&gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, Kcur, k));
+                ggml_build_forward_expand(&gf, ggml_cpy(ctx0, Vcur, v));
+            }
+
+            // Q = Qcur.contiguous().view(n_embd/n_head, n_head, N).permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
+            // [64, N, 12]
+            struct ggml_tensor * Q =
+                ggml_permute(ctx0,
+                        ggml_cpy(ctx0,
+                            Qcur,
+                            ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd/n_head, n_head, N)),
+                        0, 2, 1, 3);
+
+            // K = Kmem.view(n_embd/n_head, n_head, n_past + N).permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
+            // [64, n_past + N, 12]
+            struct ggml_tensor * K =
+                ggml_permute(ctx0,
+                        ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0,
+                            ggml_view_1d(ctx0, model.memory_k, (n_past + N)*n_embd, il*n_ctx*ggml_element_size(model.memory_k)*n_embd),
+                            n_embd/n_head, n_head, n_past + N),
+                        0, 2, 1, 3);
+
+            // GG: flash attention
+            //struct ggml_tensor * V =
+            //    ggml_cpy(ctx0,
+            //            ggml_permute(ctx0,
+            //                ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0,
+            //                    ggml_view_1d(ctx0, model.memory_v, (n_past + N)*n_embd, il*n_ctx*ggml_element_size(model.memory_v)*n_embd),
+            //                    n_embd/n_head, n_head, n_past + N),
+            //                1, 2, 0, 3),
+            //            ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_past + N, n_embd/n_head, n_head));
+
+            //struct ggml_tensor * KQV = ggml_flash_attn(ctx0, Q, K, V, true);
+
+            // K * Q
+            // [n_past + N, N, 12]
+            struct ggml_tensor * KQ = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, K, Q);
+
+            // KQ_scaled = KQ / sqrt(n_embd/n_head)
+            // [n_past + N, N, 12]
+            struct ggml_tensor * KQ_scaled =
+                ggml_scale(ctx0,
+                        KQ,
+                        ggml_new_f32(ctx0, 1.0f/sqrt(float(n_embd)/n_head))
+                        );
+
+            // KQ_masked = mask_past(KQ_scaled)
+            // [n_past + N, N, 12]
+            struct ggml_tensor * KQ_masked = ggml_diag_mask_inf(ctx0, KQ_scaled, n_past);
+
+            // KQ = soft_max(KQ_masked)
+            // [n_past + N, N, 12]
+            struct ggml_tensor * KQ_soft_max = ggml_soft_max(ctx0, KQ_masked);
+
+            // V_trans = Vmem.view(n_embd/n_head, n_head, n_past + N).permute(1, 2, 0, 3).contiguous()
+            // [n_past + N, 64, 12]
+            struct ggml_tensor * V_trans =
+                ggml_permute(ctx0,
+                        ggml_reshape_3d(ctx0,
+                            ggml_view_1d(ctx0, model.memory_v, (n_past + N)*n_embd, il*n_ctx*ggml_element_size(model.memory_v)*n_embd),
+                            n_embd/n_head, n_head, n_past + N),
+                        1, 2, 0, 3);
+
+            // KQV = transpose(V) * KQ_soft_max
+            // [64, N, 12]
+            struct ggml_tensor * KQV = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, V_trans, KQ_soft_max);
+
+            // KQV_merged = KQV.permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
+            // [64, 12, N]
+            struct ggml_tensor * KQV_merged = ggml_permute(ctx0, KQV, 0, 2, 1, 3);
+
+            // cur = KQV_merged.contiguous().view(n_embd, N)
+            // [768, N]
+            cur = ggml_cpy(ctx0,
+                    KQV_merged,
+                    ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd, N));
+        }
+
+        // projection
+        // [ 768, 768] - model.layers[il].c_attn_proj_w
+        // [ 768,   1] - model.layers[il].c_attn_proj_b
+        // [ 768,   N] - cur (in)
+        // [ 768,   N] - cur (out)
+        //
+        // cur = proj_w*cur + proj_b
+        // [768, N]
+        {
+            cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
+                    ggml_transpose(ctx0, model.layers[il].c_attn_proj_w),
+                    cur);
+
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0,
+                    ggml_repeat(ctx0, model.layers[il].c_attn_proj_b, cur),
+                    cur);
+        }
+
+        // add the input
+        cur = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpL);
+
+        struct ggml_tensor * inpFF = cur;
+
+        // feed-forward network
+        {
+            // norm
+            {
+                cur = ggml_norm(ctx0, inpFF);
+
+                // cur = ln_2_g*cur + ln_2_b
+                // [ 768, N]
+                cur = ggml_add(ctx0,
+                        ggml_mul(ctx0,
+                            ggml_repeat(ctx0, model.layers[il].ln_2_g, cur),
+                            cur),
+                        ggml_repeat(ctx0, model.layers[il].ln_2_b, cur));
+            }
+
+            // fully connected
+            // [3072, 768] - model.layers[il].c_mlp_fc_w
+            // [3072,   1] - model.layers[il].c_mlp_fc_b
+            // [ 768,   N] - cur (in)
+            // [3072,   N] - cur (out)
+            //
+            // cur = fc_w*cur + fc_b
+            // [3072, N]
+            cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
+                    ggml_transpose(ctx0, model.layers[il].c_mlp_fc_w),
+                    cur);
+
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0,
+                    ggml_repeat(ctx0, model.layers[il].c_mlp_fc_b, cur),
+                    cur);
+
+            // GELU activation
+            // [3072, N]
+            cur = ggml_gelu(ctx0, cur);
+
+            // projection
+            // [ 768, 3072] - model.layers[il].c_mlp_proj_w
+            // [ 768,    1] - model.layers[il].c_mlp_proj_b
+            // [3072,    N] - cur (in)
+            // [ 768,    N] - cur (out)
+            //
+            // cur = proj_w*cur + proj_b
+            // [768, N]
+            cur = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
+                    model.layers[il].c_mlp_proj_w_trans,
+                    cur);
+
+            cur = ggml_add(ctx0,
+                    ggml_repeat(ctx0, model.layers[il].c_mlp_proj_b, cur),
+                    cur);
+        }
+
+        // input for next layer
+        inpL = ggml_add(ctx0, cur, inpFF);
+    }
+
+    // norm
+    {
+        // [ 768, N]
+        inpL = ggml_norm(ctx0, inpL);
+
+        // inpL = ln_f_g*inpL + ln_f_b
+        // [ 768, N]
+        inpL = ggml_add(ctx0,
+                ggml_mul(ctx0,
+                    ggml_repeat(ctx0, model.ln_f_g, inpL),
+                    inpL),
+                ggml_repeat(ctx0, model.ln_f_b, inpL));
+    }
+
+    // inpL = WTE * inpL
+    // [ 768, 50257] - model.wte
+    // [ 768, N]     - inpL
+    inpL = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.wte, inpL);
+
+    // logits -> probs
+    inpL = ggml_soft_max(ctx0, inpL);
+
+    // run the computation
+    ggml_build_forward_expand(&gf, inpL);
+    ggml_graph_compute       (ctx0, &gf);
+
+    //if (n_past%100 == 0) {
+    //    ggml_graph_print   (&gf);
+    //    ggml_graph_dump_dot(&gf, NULL, "gpt-2.dot");
+    //}
+
+    //embd_w.resize(n_vocab*N);
+    //memcpy(embd_w.data(), ggml_get_data(inpL), sizeof(float)*n_vocab*N);
+
+    // return result for just the last token
+    embd_w.resize(n_vocab);
+    memcpy(embd_w.data(), (float *) ggml_get_data(inpL) + (n_vocab*(N-1)), sizeof(float)*n_vocab);
+
+    if (mem_per_token == 0) {
+        mem_per_token = ggml_used_mem(ctx0)/N;
+    }
+    //printf("used_mem = %zu\n", ggml_used_mem(ctx0));
+
+    ggml_free(ctx0);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+/////////////////////////////// GPT-2 END ////////////////////////////////
+
+constexpr int N_THREAD = 8;
+
+struct gpt2_context {
+    std::string prompt_base = R"(Hello, how are you?
+I'm fine, thanks. How are you?
+Thanks, I'm fine too. What are you doing?
+I'm just sitting here.
+It's a lovely day, isn't it?
+Yes, it is. I love the weather this time of year.
+I wish it would rain a little bit.
+Me too.
+)";
+
+    std::mt19937 rng;
+
+    gpt_vocab vocab;
+    gpt2_model model;
+
+    int32_t n_threads = std::min(N_THREAD, (int) std::thread::hardware_concurrency());
+
+    // sampling parameters
+    int32_t top_k = 20;
+    float   top_p = 0.98f;
+    float   temp  = 1.0f;
+};
+
+struct gpt2_context * gpt2_init(const char * path_model) {
+    gpt2_context * ctx = new gpt2_context;
+
+    ctx->rng = std::mt19937(time(NULL));
+
+    // load the model
+    {
+        const int64_t t_start_us = ggml_time_us();
+
+        if (!gpt2_model_load(path_model, ctx->model, ctx->vocab)) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to load model from '%s'\n", __func__, "gpt-2.bin");
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        const int64_t t_load_us = ggml_time_us() - t_start_us;
+
+        printf("gpt-2: model loaded in %d ms\n", (int) (t_load_us/1000));
+    }
+
+    return ctx;
+}
+
+void gpt2_free(struct gpt2_context * ctx) {
+    delete ctx;
+}
+
+const char * gpt2_get_prompt(struct gpt2_context * ctx) {
+    return ctx->prompt_base.c_str();
+}
+
+void gpt2_set_prompt(struct gpt2_context * ctx, const char * prompt) {
+    ctx->prompt_base = prompt;
+}
+
+std::vector<gpt_vocab::id> gpt2_tokenize(const gpt2_context * ctx, const char * text) {
+    return ::gpt_tokenize(ctx->vocab, text);
+}
+
+std::string gpt2_gen_text(gpt2_context * ctx, const char * text, int max_tokens) {
+    int n_past = 0;
+
+    std::vector<float> embd_w;
+
+    // tokenize the prompt
+    std::vector<gpt_vocab::id> embd_inp = ::gpt2_tokenize(ctx, text);
+
+    int n_predict = std::min(max_tokens, ctx->model.hparams.n_ctx - (int) embd_inp.size());
+
+    std::vector<gpt_vocab::id> embd = embd_inp;
+
+    size_t mem_per_token = 3000000;
+
+    std::string result;
+
+    for (int i = embd.size(); i < embd_inp.size() + n_predict; i++) {
+        // predict
+        if (embd.size() > 0) {
+            if (!gpt2_eval(ctx->model, ctx->n_threads, n_past, embd, embd_w, mem_per_token)) {
+                printf("gpt-2: failed to generate text\n");
+                return "";
+            }
+        }
+
+        n_past += embd.size();
+        embd.clear();
+
+        {
+            // sample next token
+            const int   top_k = ctx->top_k;
+            const float top_p = ctx->top_p;
+            const float temp  = ctx->temp;
+
+            const int n_vocab = ctx->model.hparams.n_vocab;
+
+            const gpt_vocab::id id = gpt_sample_top_k_top_p(ctx->vocab, embd_w.data() + (embd_w.size() - n_vocab), top_k, top_p, temp, ctx->rng);
+
+            // add it to the context
+            embd.push_back(id);
+        }
+
+        result += ctx->vocab.id_to_token[embd[0]];
+
+        // end of text token
+        if (embd.back() == 50256 ||
+            ctx->vocab.id_to_token[embd.back()] == "." ||
+            ctx->vocab.id_to_token[embd.back()] == "!" ||
+            ctx->vocab.id_to_token[embd.back()] == "?") {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}

examples/talk/gpt-2.h

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// TODO: Change to C-style API and move to ./examples for easy reuse.
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+struct gpt_vocab {
+    using id    = int32_t;
+    using token = std::string;
+
+    std::map<token, id> token_to_id;
+    std::map<id, token> id_to_token;
+};
+
+struct gpt2_context;
+
+struct gpt2_context * gpt2_init(const char * path_model);
+void gpt2_free(struct gpt2_context * ctx);
+
+const char * gpt2_get_prompt(struct gpt2_context * ctx);
+void gpt2_set_prompt(struct gpt2_context * ctx, const char * prompt);
+
+std::vector<gpt_vocab::id> gpt2_tokenize(const gpt2_context * ctx, const char * text);
+
+std::string gpt2_gen_text(gpt2_context * ctx, const char * text, int max_tokens);

examples/talk/speak.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Usage:
+#  speak.sh <voice_id> <text-to-speak>
+
+# espeak
+# Mac OS: brew install espeak
+# Linux: apt-get install espeak
+#
+espeak -v en-us+m$1 -s 175 -p 50 -a 200 -g 5 -k 5 "$2"
+
+# Eleven Labs
+#
+#wd=$(dirname $0)
+#script=$wd/eleven-labs.py
+#python3 $script $1 "$2"
+#ffplay -autoexit -nodisp -loglevel quiet -hide_banner -i ./audio.mp3

examples/talk/talk.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,733 @@
+// Talk with AI
+//
+
+#include "whisper.h"
+#include "gpt-2.h"
+
+#include <SDL.h>
+#include <SDL_audio.h>
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <regex>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <vector>
+#include <regex>
+
+// command-line parameters
+struct whisper_params {
+    int32_t n_threads  = std::min(4, (int32_t) std::thread::hardware_concurrency());
+    int32_t voice_ms   = 10000;
+    int32_t capture_id = -1;
+    int32_t max_tokens = 32;
+    int32_t audio_ctx  = 0;
+
+    float vad_thold    = 0.6f;
+    float freq_thold   = 100.0f;
+
+    bool speed_up      = false;
+    bool translate     = false;
+    bool print_special = false;
+    bool print_energy  = false;
+    bool no_timestamps = true;
+
+    std::string person    = "Santa";
+    std::string language  = "en";
+    std::string model_wsp = "models/ggml-base.en.bin";
+    std::string model_gpt = "models/ggml-gpt-2-117M.bin";
+    std::string speak     = "./examples/talk/speak.sh";
+    std::string fname_out = "";
+};
+
+void whisper_print_usage(int argc, char ** argv, const whisper_params & params);
+
+bool whisper_params_parse(int argc, char ** argv, whisper_params & params) {
+    for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+        std::string arg = argv[i];
+
+        if (arg == "-h" || arg == "--help") {
+            whisper_print_usage(argc, argv, params);
+            exit(0);
+        }
+        else if (arg == "-t"   || arg == "--threads")       { params.n_threads     = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-vms" || arg == "--voice-ms")      { params.voice_ms      = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-c"   || arg == "--capture")       { params.capture_id    = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-mt"  || arg == "--max-tokens")    { params.max_tokens    = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-ac"  || arg == "--audio-ctx")     { params.audio_ctx     = std::stoi(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-vth" || arg == "--vad-thold")     { params.vad_thold     = std::stof(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-fth" || arg == "--freq-thold")    { params.freq_thold    = std::stof(argv[++i]); }
+        else if (arg == "-su"  || arg == "--speed-up")      { params.speed_up      = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-tr"  || arg == "--translate")     { params.translate     = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-ps"  || arg == "--print-special") { params.print_special = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-pe"  || arg == "--print-energy")  { params.print_energy  = true; }
+        else if (arg == "-p"   || arg == "--person")        { params.person        = argv[++i]; }
+        else if (arg == "-l"   || arg == "--language")      { params.language      = argv[++i]; }
+        else if (arg == "-mw"  || arg == "--model-whisper") { params.model_wsp     = argv[++i]; }
+        else if (arg == "-mg"  || arg == "--model-gpt")     { params.model_gpt     = argv[++i]; }
+        else if (arg == "-s"   || arg == "--speak")         { params.speak         = argv[++i]; }
+        else if (arg == "-f"   || arg == "--file")          { params.fname_out     = argv[++i]; }
+        else {
+            fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown argument: %s\n", arg.c_str());
+            whisper_print_usage(argc, argv, params);
+            exit(0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void whisper_print_usage(int argc, char ** argv, const whisper_params & params) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [options]\n", argv[0]);
+    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "options:\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -h,       --help          [default] show this help message and exit\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -t N,     --threads N     [%-7d] number of threads to use during computation\n", params.n_threads);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -vms N,   --voice-ms N    [%-7d] voice duration in milliseconds\n",              params.voice_ms);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -c ID,    --capture ID    [%-7d] capture device ID\n",                           params.capture_id);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -mt N,    --max-tokens N  [%-7d] maximum number of tokens per audio chunk\n",    params.max_tokens);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -ac N,    --audio-ctx N   [%-7d] audio context size (0 - all)\n",                params.audio_ctx);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -vth N,   --vad-thold N   [%-7.2f] voice activity detection threshold\n",        params.vad_thold);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -fth N,   --freq-thold N  [%-7.2f] high-pass frequency cutoff\n",                params.freq_thold);
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -su,      --speed-up      [%-7s] speed up audio by x2 (reduced accuracy)\n",     params.speed_up ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -tr,      --translate     [%-7s] translate from source language to english\n",   params.translate ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -ps,      --print-special [%-7s] print special tokens\n",                        params.print_special ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -pe,      --print-energy  [%-7s] print sound energy (for debugging)\n",          params.print_energy ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -p NAME,  --person NAME   [%-7s] person name (for prompt selection)\n",          params.person.c_str());
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -l LANG,  --language LANG [%-7s] spoken language\n",                             params.language.c_str());
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -mw FILE, --model-whisper [%-7s] whisper model file\n",                          params.model_wsp.c_str());
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -mg FILE, --model-gpt     [%-7s] gpt model file\n",                              params.model_gpt.c_str());
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -s FILE,  --speak TEXT    [%-7s] command for TTS\n",                             params.speak.c_str());
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -f FNAME, --file FNAME    [%-7s] text output file name\n",                       params.fname_out.c_str());
+    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+}
+
+//
+// SDL Audio capture
+//
+
+class audio_async {
+public:
+    audio_async(int len_ms);
+    ~audio_async();
+
+    bool init(int capture_id, int sample_rate);
+
+    // start capturing audio via the provided SDL callback
+    // keep last len_ms seconds of audio in a circular buffer
+    bool resume();
+    bool pause();
+    bool clear();
+
+    // callback to be called by SDL
+    void callback(uint8_t * stream, int len);
+
+    // get audio data from the circular buffer
+    void get(int ms, std::vector<float> & audio);
+
+private:
+    SDL_AudioDeviceID m_dev_id_in = 0;
+
+    int m_len_ms = 0;
+    int m_sample_rate = 0;
+
+    bool       m_running = false;
+    std::mutex m_mutex;
+
+    std::vector<float> m_audio;
+    std::vector<float> m_audio_new;
+    size_t             m_audio_pos = 0;
+    size_t             m_audio_len = 0;
+};
+
+audio_async::audio_async(int len_ms) {
+    m_len_ms = len_ms;
+}
+
+audio_async::~audio_async() {
+    if (m_dev_id_in) {
+        SDL_CloseAudioDevice(m_dev_id_in);
+    }
+}
+
+bool audio_async::init(int capture_id, int sample_rate) {
+    SDL_LogSetPriority(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, SDL_LOG_PRIORITY_INFO);
+
+    if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_AUDIO) < 0) {
+        SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Couldn't initialize SDL: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    SDL_SetHintWithPriority(SDL_HINT_AUDIO_RESAMPLING_MODE, "medium", SDL_HINT_OVERRIDE);
+
+    {
+        int nDevices = SDL_GetNumAudioDevices(SDL_TRUE);
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: found %d capture devices:\n", __func__, nDevices);
+        for (int i = 0; i < nDevices; i++) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "%s:    - Capture device #%d: '%s'\n", __func__, i, SDL_GetAudioDeviceName(i, SDL_TRUE));
+        }
+    }
+
+    SDL_AudioSpec capture_spec_requested;
+    SDL_AudioSpec capture_spec_obtained;
+
+    SDL_zero(capture_spec_requested);
+    SDL_zero(capture_spec_obtained);
+
+    capture_spec_requested.freq     = sample_rate;
+    capture_spec_requested.format   = AUDIO_F32;
+    capture_spec_requested.channels = 1;
+    capture_spec_requested.samples  = 1024;
+    capture_spec_requested.callback = [](void * userdata, uint8_t * stream, int len) {
+        audio_async * audio = (audio_async *) userdata;
+        audio->callback(stream, len);
+    };
+    capture_spec_requested.userdata = this;
+
+    if (capture_id >= 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: attempt to open capture device %d : '%s' ...\n", __func__, capture_id, SDL_GetAudioDeviceName(capture_id, SDL_TRUE));
+        m_dev_id_in = SDL_OpenAudioDevice(SDL_GetAudioDeviceName(capture_id, SDL_TRUE), SDL_TRUE, &capture_spec_requested, &capture_spec_obtained, 0);
+    } else {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: attempt to open default capture device ...\n", __func__);
+        m_dev_id_in = SDL_OpenAudioDevice(nullptr, SDL_TRUE, &capture_spec_requested, &capture_spec_obtained, 0);
+    }
+
+    if (!m_dev_id_in) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: couldn't open an audio device for capture: %s!\n", __func__, SDL_GetError());
+        m_dev_id_in = 0;
+
+        return false;
+    } else {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: obtained spec for input device (SDL Id = %d):\n", __func__, m_dev_id_in);
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s:     - sample rate:       %d\n",                   __func__, capture_spec_obtained.freq);
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s:     - format:            %d (required: %d)\n",    __func__, capture_spec_obtained.format,
+                capture_spec_requested.format);
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s:     - channels:          %d (required: %d)\n",    __func__, capture_spec_obtained.channels,
+                capture_spec_requested.channels);
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s:     - samples per frame: %d\n",                   __func__, capture_spec_obtained.samples);
+        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+    }
+
+    m_sample_rate = capture_spec_obtained.freq;
+
+    m_audio.resize((m_sample_rate*m_len_ms)/1000);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool audio_async::resume() {
+    if (!m_dev_id_in) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: no audio device to resume!\n", __func__);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (m_running) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: already running!\n", __func__);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    SDL_PauseAudioDevice(m_dev_id_in, 0);
+
+    m_running = true;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool audio_async::pause() {
+    if (!m_dev_id_in) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: no audio device to pause!\n", __func__);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!m_running) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: already paused!\n", __func__);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    SDL_PauseAudioDevice(m_dev_id_in, 1);
+
+    m_running = false;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool audio_async::clear() {
+    if (!m_dev_id_in) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: no audio device to clear!\n", __func__);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!m_running) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: not running!\n", __func__);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
+
+        m_audio_pos = 0;
+        m_audio_len = 0;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// callback to be called by SDL
+void audio_async::callback(uint8_t * stream, int len) {
+    if (!m_running) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const size_t n_samples = len / sizeof(float);
+
+    m_audio_new.resize(n_samples);
+    memcpy(m_audio_new.data(), stream, n_samples * sizeof(float));
+
+    //fprintf(stderr, "%s: %zu samples, pos %zu, len %zu\n", __func__, n_samples, m_audio_pos, m_audio_len);
+
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
+
+        if (m_audio_pos + n_samples > m_audio.size()) {
+            const size_t n0 = m_audio.size() - m_audio_pos;
+
+            memcpy(&m_audio[m_audio_pos], stream, n0 * sizeof(float));
+            memcpy(&m_audio[0], &stream[n0], (n_samples - n0) * sizeof(float));
+
+            m_audio_pos = (m_audio_pos + n_samples) % m_audio.size();
+            m_audio_len = m_audio.size();
+        } else {
+            memcpy(&m_audio[m_audio_pos], stream, n_samples * sizeof(float));
+
+            m_audio_pos = (m_audio_pos + n_samples) % m_audio.size();
+            m_audio_len = std::min(m_audio_len + n_samples, m_audio.size());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void audio_async::get(int ms, std::vector<float> & result) {
+    if (!m_dev_id_in) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: no audio device to get audio from!\n", __func__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!m_running) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: not running!\n", __func__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    result.clear();
+
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
+
+        if (ms <= 0) {
+            ms = m_len_ms;
+        }
+
+        size_t n_samples = (m_sample_rate * ms) / 1000;
+        if (n_samples > m_audio_len) {
+            n_samples = m_audio_len;
+        }
+
+        result.resize(n_samples);
+
+        int s0 = m_audio_pos - n_samples;
+        if (s0 < 0) {
+            s0 += m_audio.size();
+        }
+
+        if (s0 + n_samples > m_audio.size()) {
+            const size_t n0 = m_audio.size() - s0;
+
+            memcpy(result.data(), &m_audio[s0], n0 * sizeof(float));
+            memcpy(&result[n0], &m_audio[0], (n_samples - n0) * sizeof(float));
+        } else {
+            memcpy(result.data(), &m_audio[s0], n_samples * sizeof(float));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+///////////////////////////
+
+std::string trim(const std::string & s) {
+    std::regex e("^\\s+|\\s+$");
+    return std::regex_replace(s, e, "");
+}
+
+std::string replace(const std::string & s, const std::string & from, const std::string & to) {
+    std::string result = s;
+    size_t pos = 0;
+    while ((pos = result.find(from, pos)) != std::string::npos) {
+        result.replace(pos, from.length(), to);
+        pos += to.length();
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+void high_pass_filter(std::vector<float> & data, float cutoff, float sample_rate) {
+    const float rc = 1.0f / (2.0f * M_PI * cutoff);
+    const float dt = 1.0f / sample_rate;
+    const float alpha = dt / (rc + dt);
+
+    float y = data[0];
+
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < data.size(); i++) {
+        y = alpha * (y + data[i] - data[i - 1]);
+        data[i] = y;
+    }
+}
+
+bool vad_simple(std::vector<float> & pcmf32, int sample_rate, int last_ms, float vad_thold, float freq_thold, bool verbose) {
+    const int n_samples      = pcmf32.size();
+    const int n_samples_last = (sample_rate * last_ms) / 1000;
+
+    if (n_samples_last >= n_samples) {
+        // not enough samples - assume no speech
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (freq_thold > 0.0f) {
+        high_pass_filter(pcmf32, freq_thold, sample_rate);
+    }
+
+    float energy_all  = 0.0f;
+    float energy_last = 0.0f;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n_samples; i++) {
+        energy_all += fabsf(pcmf32[i]);
+
+        if (i >= n_samples - n_samples_last) {
+            energy_last += fabsf(pcmf32[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    energy_all  /= n_samples;
+    energy_last /= n_samples_last;
+
+    if (verbose) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: energy_all: %f, energy_last: %f, vad_thold: %f, freq_thold: %f\n", __func__, energy_all, energy_last, vad_thold, freq_thold);
+    }
+
+    if (energy_last > vad_thold*energy_all) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+std::string transcribe(whisper_context * ctx, const whisper_params & params, const std::vector<float> & pcmf32, float & prob, int64_t & t_ms) {
+    const auto t_start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+
+    prob = 0.0f;
+    t_ms = 0;
+
+    whisper_full_params wparams = whisper_full_default_params(WHISPER_SAMPLING_GREEDY);
+
+    wparams.print_progress   = false;
+    wparams.print_special    = params.print_special;
+    wparams.print_realtime   = false;
+    wparams.print_timestamps = !params.no_timestamps;
+    wparams.translate        = params.translate;
+    wparams.no_context       = true;
+    wparams.single_segment   = true;
+    wparams.max_tokens       = params.max_tokens;
+    wparams.language         = params.language.c_str();
+    wparams.n_threads        = params.n_threads;
+
+    wparams.audio_ctx        = params.audio_ctx;
+    wparams.speed_up         = params.speed_up;
+
+    if (whisper_full(ctx, wparams, pcmf32.data(), pcmf32.size()) != 0) {
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    int prob_n = 0;
+    std::string result;
+
+    const int n_segments = whisper_full_n_segments(ctx);
+    for (int i = 0; i < n_segments; ++i) {
+        const char * text = whisper_full_get_segment_text(ctx, i);
+
+        result += text;
+
+        const int n_tokens = whisper_full_n_tokens(ctx, i);
+        for (int j = 0; j < n_tokens; ++j) {
+            const auto token = whisper_full_get_token_data(ctx, i, j);
+
+            prob += token.p;
+            ++prob_n;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (prob_n > 0) {
+        prob /= prob_n;
+    }
+
+    const auto t_end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+    t_ms = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(t_end - t_start).count();
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+// compute similarity between two strings using Levenshtein distance
+float similarity(const std::string & s0, const std::string & s1) {
+    const size_t len0 = s0.size() + 1;
+    const size_t len1 = s1.size() + 1;
+
+    std::vector<int> col(len1, 0);
+    std::vector<int> prevCol(len1, 0);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < len1; i++) {
+        prevCol[i] = i;
+    }
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < len0; i++) {
+        col[0] = i;
+        for (size_t j = 1; j < len1; j++) {
+            col[j] = std::min(std::min(1 + col[j - 1], 1 + prevCol[j]), prevCol[j - 1] + (s0[i - 1] == s1[j - 1] ? 0 : 1));
+        }
+        col.swap(prevCol);
+    }
+
+    const float dist = prevCol[len1 - 1];
+
+    return 1.0f - (dist / std::max(s0.size(), s1.size()));
+}
+
+// generated with ChatGPT
+std::map<std::string, std::string> k_prompts = {
+    { "Santa",
+R"(Kid: Hi Santa! Are you real?
+Santa: Of course I am, my dear! Ho ho ho!
+Kid: Can you please bring me a new toy for Christmas?
+Santa: I'll see what I can do, but you have to make sure to be a good boy or girl and listen to your parents.
+Kid: I will, Santa! Thank you!
+Santa: You're welcome, little one. Merry Christmas! Ho ho ho!
+Kid: Can you tell me how you deliver all the presents to all the kids in the world in one night?
+Santa: It's a secret, but I have a lot of help from my elves and my magical sleigh. And I have a special route that I follow to make sure I visit every child.
+Kid: Wow, that's amazing! Can I please have a ride in your sleigh sometime?
+Santa: I'm sorry, but only good boys and girls get to ride in my sleigh.
+)" },
+    { "Kid",
+R"(Kid: Hi Santa! Are you real?
+Santa: Of course I am, my dear! Ho ho ho!
+Kid: Can you please bring me a new toy for Christmas?
+Santa: I'll see what I can do, but you have to make sure to be a good boy or girl and listen to your parents.
+Kid: I will, Santa! Thank you!
+Kid: Can you tell me how you deliver all the presents to all the kids in the world in one night?
+Santa: It's a secret, but I have a lot of help from my elves and my magical sleigh. And I have a special route that I follow to make sure I visit every child.
+Kid: Wow, that's amazing! Can I please have a ride in your sleigh sometime?
+)" },
+};
+
+int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
+    whisper_params params;
+
+    if (whisper_params_parse(argc, argv, params) == false) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (whisper_lang_id(params.language.c_str()) == -1) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown language '%s'\n", params.language.c_str());
+        whisper_print_usage(argc, argv, params);
+        exit(0);
+    }
+
+    // whisper init
+
+    struct whisper_context * ctx_wsp = whisper_init(params.model_wsp.c_str());
+
+    // gpt init
+
+    struct gpt2_context * ctx_gpt = gpt2_init(params.model_gpt.c_str());
+
+    // print some info about the processing
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+        if (!whisper_is_multilingual(ctx_wsp)) {
+            if (params.language != "en" || params.translate) {
+                params.language = "en";
+                params.translate = false;
+                fprintf(stderr, "%s: WARNING: model is not multilingual, ignoring language and translation options\n", __func__);
+            }
+        }
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: processing, %d threads, lang = %s, task = %s, timestamps = %d ...\n",
+                __func__,
+                params.n_threads,
+                params.language.c_str(),
+                params.translate ? "translate" : "transcribe",
+                params.no_timestamps ? 0 : 1);
+
+        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+    }
+
+
+    // init audio
+
+    audio_async audio(30*1000);
+    if (!audio.init(params.capture_id, WHISPER_SAMPLE_RATE)) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: audio.init() failed!\n", __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    audio.resume();
+
+    int n_iter = 0;
+
+    bool is_running  = true;
+    bool force_speak = params.person == "Kid";
+
+    float prob0 = 0.0f;
+    float prob  = 0.0f;
+
+    std::vector<float> pcmf32_cur;
+    std::vector<float> pcmf32_prompt;
+
+    if (k_prompts.find(params.person) == k_prompts.end()) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown person '%s'\n", __func__, params.person.c_str());
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    gpt2_set_prompt(ctx_gpt, k_prompts.at(params.person).c_str());
+
+    const std::string person_other = params.person == "Santa" ? "Kid" : "Santa";
+    const int voice_id = params.person == "Santa" ? 5 : 2;
+
+    fprintf(stderr, "gpt-2: prompt_base:\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "========================\n\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", gpt2_get_prompt(ctx_gpt));
+    fprintf(stderr, "========================\n\n");
+
+    // main loop
+    while (is_running) {
+        // handle Ctrl + C
+        {
+            SDL_Event event;
+            while (SDL_PollEvent(&event)) {
+                switch (event.type) {
+                    case SDL_QUIT:
+                        {
+                            is_running = false;
+                        } break;
+                    default:
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!is_running) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // delay
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(100));
+
+        int64_t t_ms = 0;
+
+        {
+            audio.get(2000, pcmf32_cur);
+
+            if (vad_simple(pcmf32_cur, WHISPER_SAMPLE_RATE, 1250, params.vad_thold, params.freq_thold, params.print_energy) || force_speak) {
+                fprintf(stdout, "%s: Speech detected! Processing ...\n", __func__);
+
+                audio.get(params.voice_ms, pcmf32_cur);
+
+                std::string text_heard = "Hey little one, what do you want for Christmas?";
+                if (!force_speak) {
+                    text_heard = ::trim(::transcribe(ctx_wsp, params, pcmf32_cur, prob0, t_ms));
+                }
+
+                force_speak = false;
+
+                // remove text between brackets using regex
+                {
+                    std::regex re("\\[.*?\\]");
+                    text_heard = std::regex_replace(text_heard, re, "");
+                }
+
+                // remove text between brackets using regex
+                {
+                    std::regex re("\\(.*?\\)");
+                    text_heard = std::regex_replace(text_heard, re, "");
+                }
+
+                // remove all characters, except for letters, numbers, punctuation and ':', '\'', '-', ' '
+                text_heard = std::regex_replace(text_heard, std::regex("[^a-zA-Z0-9\\.,\\?!\\s\\:\\'\\-]"), "");
+
+                // take first line
+                text_heard = text_heard.substr(0, text_heard.find_first_of("\n"));
+
+                // remove leading and trailing whitespace
+                text_heard = std::regex_replace(text_heard, std::regex("^\\s+"), "");
+                text_heard = std::regex_replace(text_heard, std::regex("\\s+$"), "");
+
+                const std::vector<gpt_vocab::id> tokens = gpt2_tokenize(ctx_gpt, text_heard.c_str());
+
+                if (text_heard.empty() || tokens.empty()) {
+                    fprintf(stdout, "%s: Heard nothing, skipping ...\n", __func__);
+                    audio.clear();
+
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                fprintf(stdout, "%s: Heard '%s%s%s', (t = %d ms)\n", __func__, "\033[1m", text_heard.c_str(), "\033[0m", (int) t_ms);
+
+                std::string prompt_base = gpt2_get_prompt(ctx_gpt);
+
+                std::string text_to_speak;
+
+                {
+                    text_heard = person_other + ": " + text_heard;
+
+                    text_to_speak = gpt2_gen_text(ctx_gpt, (prompt_base + text_heard + "\n").c_str(), params.max_tokens);
+                    text_to_speak = std::regex_replace(text_to_speak, std::regex("[^a-zA-Z0-9\\.,\\?!\\s\\:\\'\\-]"), "");
+                    text_to_speak = text_to_speak.substr(0, text_to_speak.find_first_of("\n"));
+
+                    // remove first 2 lines of base prompt
+                    if (n_iter > 4) {
+                        {
+                            const size_t pos = prompt_base.find_first_of("\n");
+                            if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+                                prompt_base = prompt_base.substr(pos + 1);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        {
+                            const size_t pos = prompt_base.find_first_of("\n");
+                            if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+                                prompt_base = prompt_base.substr(pos + 1);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    prompt_base += text_heard + "\n" + text_to_speak + "\n";
+                }
+
+                printf("%s\n", text_to_speak.c_str());
+
+                //printf("========================\n");
+                //printf("gpt-2: prompt_base:\n'%s'\n", prompt_base.c_str());
+                //printf("========================\n");
+
+                gpt2_set_prompt(ctx_gpt, prompt_base.c_str());
+
+                text_to_speak = ::replace(text_to_speak, params.person + ": ", "");
+                system((params.speak + " " + std::to_string(voice_id) + " \"" + text_to_speak + "\"").c_str());
+
+                audio.clear();
+
+                ++n_iter;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    audio.pause();
+
+    whisper_print_timings(ctx_wsp);
+    whisper_free(ctx_wsp);
+
+    return 0;
+}

ggml.c

@@ -4221,7 +4221,7 @@ bool ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat_use_blas(
     const int ne1 = dst->ne[1];
 
     // TODO: find the optimal values for these
-    if (ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && ne0 >= 32 && ne1 >= 32 && ne10 >= 32) {
+    if (ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && ne0 >= 32 && ne1 >= 32 && ne10 >= 32) {
         //printf("BLAS: %d %d %d\n", ne0, ne1, ne10);
         return true;
     }
@@ -4298,7 +4298,6 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat_f32(
 
 #if defined(GGML_USE_ACCELERATE) || defined(GGML_USE_OPENBLAS)
     if (ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat_use_blas(src0, src1, dst)) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
         GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == sizeof(float));
 
         if (params->ith != 0) return;