You are given an undirected graph consisting of n vertices and n edges. It is guaranteed that the given graph is connected (i. e. it is possible to reach any vertex from any other vertex) and there are no self-loops and multiple edges in the graph.

Your task is to calculate the number of simple paths of length at least 1 in the given graph. Note that paths that differ only by their direction are considered the same (i. e. you have to calculate the number of undirected paths). For example, paths [1, 2, 3] and [3, 2, 1] are considered the same.

You have to answer t independent test cases.

Recall that a path in the graph is a sequence of vertices v_1, v_2, …, v_k such that each pair of adjacent (consecutive) vertices in this sequence is connected by an edge. The length of the path is the number of edges in it. A simple path is such a path that all vertices in it are distinct.

Input

The first line of the input contains one integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^4) — the number of test cases. Then t test cases follow.

The first line of the test case contains one integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of vertices (and the number of edges) in the graph.

The next n lines of the test case describe edges: edge i is given as a pair of vertices u_i, v_i (1 ≤ u_i, v_i ≤ n, u_i ≠ v_i), where u_i and v_i are vertices the i-th edge connects. For each pair of vertices (u, v), there is at most one edge between u and v. There are no edges from the vertex to itself. So, there are no self-loops and multiple edges in the graph. The graph is undirected, i. e. all its edges are bidirectional. The graph is connected, i. e. it is possible to reach any vertex from any other vertex by moving along the edges of the graph.

It is guaranteed that the sum of n does not exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5 (∑ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5).

Output

For each test case, print one integer: the number of simple paths of length at least 1 in the given graph. Note that paths that differ only by their direction are considered the same (i. e. you have to calculate the number of undirected paths).

Example

Input


3
3
1 2
2 3
1 3
4
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 2
5
1 2
2 3
1 3
2 5
4 3


Output


6
11
18

Note

Consider the second test case of the example. It looks like that:

<image>

There are 11 different simple paths:

  1. [1, 2]; 
  2. [2, 3]; 
  3. [3, 4]; 
  4. [2, 4]; 
  5. [1, 2, 4]; 
  6. [1, 2, 3]; 
  7. [2, 3, 4]; 
  8. [2, 4, 3]; 
  9. [3, 2, 4]; 
  10. [1, 2, 3, 4]; 
  11. [1, 2, 4, 3]. 
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Stack;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
/*
    Solution Created: 07:34:35 28/11/2020
    Custom Competitive programming helper.
*/

public class Main {
	static int n;
	static ArrayList<Integer> adj[];
	static boolean[] visited;
	static HashSet<Integer> cyc;
	static Stack<Integer> cur;
	static boolean found;
	public static void solve(Reader in, Writer out) {
		int t = in.nextInt();
		while(t-->0){
			n = in.nextInt();
			adj = new ArrayList[n];
			for(int i = 0; i<n; i++) adj[i] = new ArrayList<Integer>();
			for(int i = 0; i<n; i++) {
				int x = in.nextInt()-1, y = in.nextInt()-1;
				adj[x].add(y);
				adj[y].add(x);
			}
			found = false;
			visited = new boolean[n];
			cyc = new HashSet<Integer>();
			cur = new Stack<Integer>();
			findCycle(0, -1);
			long cSize = cyc.size();
			long ans = (cSize-1)*cSize, totalEndPoints = n-cSize;
			for(int i : cyc) {
				long endPointCount = dfs(i, -1)-1;
				if(endPointCount<=0) continue;
				long otherEndpoints = totalEndPoints-endPointCount;
				ans += otherEndpoints*endPointCount; //This should be multiplied by 2 but we double count anyways
				ans += endPointCount*(endPointCount-1)/2;
				ans += 2*(endPointCount)*(cSize-1) + endPointCount;
			}
			out.println(ans);
		}
	}
	public static int dfs(int i, int prev) {
		int gain = 1;
		for(Integer nx : adj[i]) {
			if(nx != prev && (!cyc.contains(nx))) gain += dfs(nx, i);
		}
		return gain;
	}
	public static void findCycle(int c, int prev) {
		if(found) return;
		visited[c] = true;
		cur.add(c);
		for(Integer i : adj[c]) {
			if(i==prev || found) continue;
			if(visited[i]) {
				found = true;
				while(cur.peek()!=i) {
					cyc.add(cur.pop());
				}
				cyc.add(i);
				return;
			}
			findCycle(i, c);
		}
		if(found) return;
		visited[c] = false;
		cur.pop();
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Reader in = new Reader();
		Writer out = new Writer();
		solve(in, out);
		out.exit();
	}

static class Reader {
	static BufferedReader br;
	static StringTokenizer st;
	private int charIdx = 0;
	private String s;

	public Reader() {
		this.br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
	}
	
	public Reader(String f){
		try {
			this.br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(f));
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	public int[] na(int n) {
		int[] a = new int[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = nextInt();
		return a;
	}

	public double[] nd(int n) {
		double[] a = new double[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = nextDouble();
		return a;
	}

	public char nextChar() {
		if (s == null || charIdx >= s.length()) {
			if (st == null || !st.hasMoreTokens())
				try {
					readLine();
				} catch (Exception e) {
				}
			s = st.nextToken();
			charIdx = 0;
		}
		return s.charAt(charIdx++);
	}

	public long[] nl(int n) {
		long[] a = new long[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = nextLong();
		return a;
	}

	public char[] nca() {
		return next().toCharArray();
	}

	public String[] nS(int n) {
		String[] a = new String[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = next();
		return a;
	}

	public int nextInt() {
		if (st == null || !st.hasMoreTokens())
			try {
				readLine();
			} catch (Exception e) {
			}
		return Integer.parseInt(st.nextToken());
	}

	public double nextDouble() {
		if (st == null || !st.hasMoreTokens())
			try {
				readLine();
			} catch (Exception e) {
			}
		return Double.parseDouble(st.nextToken());
	}

	public Long nextLong() {
		if (st == null || !st.hasMoreTokens())
			try {
				readLine();
			} catch (Exception e) {
			}
		return Long.parseLong(st.nextToken());
	}

	public String next() {
		if (st == null || !st.hasMoreTokens())
			try {
				readLine();
			} catch (Exception e) {
			}
		return st.nextToken();
	}

	public static void readLine() {
		try {
			st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
		} catch (Exception e) {
		}
	}
}

static class Util{
		private static Random random = new Random();
		
		public static long modInverse(long a, long MOD) {
			long[] gcdE = gcdExtended(a, MOD);
			if (gcdE[0] != 1) return -1; // Inverted doesn't exist
			long x = gcdE[1];
			return (x % MOD + MOD) % MOD;
		}
		public static long[] gcdExtended(long p, long q) {
			if (q == 0) return new long[] { p, 1, 0 };
			long[] vals = gcdExtended(q, p % q);
			long tmp = vals[2];
			vals[2] = vals[1] - (p / q) * vals[2];
			vals[1] = tmp;
			return vals;
		}
		public void fac(int n) {
			
		}
		public static boolean isPrime(int n) { 
	        if (n <= 1) return false; 
	        if (n <= 3) return true; 
	        if (n % 2 == 0 || n % 3 == 0) return false; 
	        for (int i = 5; i * i <= n; i = i + 6) 
	            if (n % i == 0 || n % (i + 2) == 0) 
	            return false; 
	        return true; 
	    }
	    public static int lowerBound(int[] a, int v) {
	    	int l = 0, h = a.length;
	    	while(l<h) {
	    		int mid = (l+h)/2;
	    		if(v<=a[mid]) h = mid;
	    		else l = mid+1;
	    	}
	    	return l;
	    }
	    public static int lowerBound(long[] a, long v) {
	    	int l = 0, h = a.length;
	    	while(l<h) {
	    		int mid = (l+h)/2;
	    		if(v<=a[mid]) h = mid;
	    		else l = mid+1;
	    	}
	    	return l;
	    }
	    public static int upperBound(int[] a, int v) {
	    	int l = 0, h = a.length;
	    	while(l<h) {
	    		int mid = (l+h)/2;
	    		if(a[mid]<=v) l = mid+1;
	    		else h = mid;
	    	}
	    	return l;
	    }
	    public static int upperBound(long[] a, long v) {
	    	int l = 0, h = a.length;
	    	while(l<h) {
	    		int mid = (l+h)/2;
	    		if(a[mid]<=v) l = mid+1;
	    		else h = mid;
	    	}
	    	return l;
	    }
	    public static boolean[] getSieve(int n) {
	        boolean[] isPrime = new boolean[n+1];
	        for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) isPrime[i] = true;
	        for (int i = 2; i*i <= n; i++) if (isPrime[i]) 
	                for (int j = i; i*j <= n; j++) isPrime[i*j] = false;
	        return isPrime;
	    }
	    public static int gcd(int a, int b) { 
	    	int tmp = 0;
	    	while(b != 0) {
	    		tmp = b;
	    		b = a%b;
	    		a = tmp;
	    	}
	    	return a;
	    }
	    public static long gcd(long a, long b) { 
	    	long tmp = 0;
	    	while(b != 0) {
	    		tmp = b;
	    		b = a%b;
	    		a = tmp;
	    	}
	    	return a;
	    }
	    public static int random(int min, int max) {
	    	return random.nextInt(max-min+1)+min;
	    }
		public static void dbg(Object... o) { 
			System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(o)); 
		}
		public static void reverse(int[] s, int l , int r) {
			for(int i = l; i<=(l+r)/2; i++) {
				int tmp = s[i];
				s[i] = s[r+l-i];
				s[r+l-i] = tmp;
			}
	    }
		public static void reverse(int[] s) {
			reverse(s, 0, s.length-1);
	    }
		public static void reverse(long[] s, int l , int r) {
			for(int i = l; i<=(l+r)/2; i++) {
				long tmp = s[i];
				s[i] = s[r+l-i];
				s[r+l-i] = tmp;
			}
	    }
		public static void reverse(long[] s) {
			reverse(s, 0, s.length-1);
	    }
		public static void reverse(float[] s, int l , int r) {
			for(int i = l; i<=(l+r)/2; i++) {
				float tmp = s[i];
				s[i] = s[r+l-i];
				s[r+l-i] = tmp;
			}
	    }
		public static void reverse(float[] s) {
			reverse(s, 0, s.length-1);
	    }
		public static void reverse(double[] s, int l , int r) {
			for(int i = l; i<=(l+r)/2; i++) {
				double tmp = s[i];
				s[i] = s[r+l-i];
				s[r+l-i] = tmp;
			}
	    }
		public static void reverse(double[] s) {
			reverse(s, 0, s.length-1);
	    }
		public static void reverse(char[] s, int l , int r) {
			for(int i = l; i<=(l+r)/2; i++) {
				char tmp = s[i];
				s[i] = s[r+l-i];
				s[r+l-i] = tmp;
			}
	    }
		public static void reverse(char[] s) {
			reverse(s, 0, s.length-1);
	    }
		public static <T> void reverse(T[] s, int l , int r) {
			for(int i = l; i<=(l+r)/2; i++) {
				T tmp = s[i];
				s[i] = s[r+l-i];
				s[r+l-i] = tmp;
			}
	    }
		public static <T> void reverse(T[] s) {
			reverse(s, 0, s.length-1);
	    }
		public static void shuffle(int[] s) {
	        for (int i = 0; i < s.length; ++i) {
	            int j = random.nextInt(i + 1);
	            int t = s[i];
	            s[i] = s[j];
	            s[j] = t;
	        }
	    }
	    public static void shuffle(long[] s) {
	        for (int i = 0; i < s.length; ++i) {
	            int j = random.nextInt(i + 1);
	            long t = s[i];
	            s[i] = s[j];
	            s[j] = t;
	        }
	    }
	    public static void shuffle(float[] s) {
	        for (int i = 0; i < s.length; ++i) {
	            int j = random.nextInt(i + 1);
	            float t = s[i];
	            s[i] = s[j];
	            s[j] = t;
	        }
	    }
	    public static void shuffle(double[] s) {
	        for (int i = 0; i < s.length; ++i) {
	            int j = random.nextInt(i + 1);
	            double t = s[i];
	            s[i] = s[j];
	            s[j] = t;
	        }
	    }
	    public static void shuffle(char[] s) {
	        for (int i = 0; i < s.length; ++i) {
	            int j = random.nextInt(i + 1);
	            char t = s[i];
	            s[i] = s[j];
	            s[j] = t;
	        }
	    }
	    public static <T> void shuffle(T[] s) {
	        for (int i = 0; i < s.length; ++i) {
	            int j = random.nextInt(i + 1);
	            T t = s[i];
	            s[i] = s[j];
	            s[j] = t;
	        }
	    }
		public static void sortArray(int[] a) {
	        shuffle(a);
	        Arrays.sort(a);
	    }
		public static void sortArray(long[] a) {
			shuffle(a);
	        Arrays.sort(a);
	    }
		public static void sortArray(float[] a) {
			shuffle(a);
	        Arrays.sort(a);
	    }
		public static void sortArray(double[] a) {
			shuffle(a);
	        Arrays.sort(a);
	    }
		public static void sortArray(char[] a) {
			shuffle(a);
	        Arrays.sort(a);
	    }
		public static <T extends Comparable<T>> void sortArray(T[] a) {
	        Arrays.sort(a);
	    }
	}

static class Writer {
	private PrintWriter pw;
	public Writer(){
		pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);
	}
	
	public Writer(String f){
		try {
			pw = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(f));
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	public void printArray(int[] a) {
		for(int i = 0; i<a.length; i++) print(a[i]+" ");
	}
	public void printlnArray(int[] a) {
		for(int i = 0; i<a.length; i++) print(a[i]+" ");
		pw.println();
	}
	public void printArray(long[] a) {
		for(int i = 0; i<a.length; i++) print(a[i]+" ");
	}
	public void printlnArray(long[] a) {
		for(int i = 0; i<a.length; i++) print(a[i]+" ");
		pw.println();
	}
	public void print(Object o) {
		pw.print(o.toString());
	}
	public void println(Object o) {
		pw.println(o.toString());
	}
	public void println() {
		pw.println();
	}
	public void flush() {
		pw.flush();
	}
	public void exit() {
		pw.close();
	}
}
}
