Because Tropical Depression Ten never approached land as a tropical cyclone , no tropical cyclone watches and warnings were issued for any land masses .

Because of this , no tropical cyclone watches and warnings were given out .


The cyclone had no effect on land , and did not directly result in any fatalities or damage .

The cyclone itself had no effect on land and did not cause any damage .


As a result of strong wind shear , the depression remained weak and did not strengthen beyond tropical depression status .

Because of strong wind shear , the depression stayed weak and did not strengthen much .


The storm partially contributed to the formation of Hurricane Katrina , which became a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale and made landfall in Louisiana , causing catastrophic damage .

Katrina later became a Category 5 hurricane and made landfall in Louisiana , where it caused catastrophic damage .


On August 8 , a tropical wave emerged from the west coast of Africa and entered the Atlantic Ocean .

The depression formed on August 13 from a tropical wave that entered the Atlantic Ocean on August 8 .


The system did not attain tropical storm status ; as such , it was not given a name by the National Hurricane Center .

Also the depression never became a tropical storm , so it was not given a name by the National Hurricane Center .


Tropical Depression Twelve formed over the southeastern Bahamas at 2100 UTC on August 23 , partially from the remains of Tropical Depression Ten .

Energy left over from Tropical Depression Ten helped to form Tropical Depression Twelve over the southeastern Bahamas on August 23 .


Late on August 13 , it was `` beginning to look like Irene-junior as it undergoes southwesterly mid-level shear beneath the otherwise favorable upper-level outflow pattern '' .

They said this because it was mid-level shear happening in the storm towards the southwest `` beneath the otherwise favorable upper-level outflow pattern '' .


The first law is often formulated by stating that the change in the internal energy of a closed system is equal to the amount of heat supplied to the system , minus the amount of work done by the system on its surroundings .

Hence is the amount of energy lost by the system due to work done by the system on its surroundings .


The first explicit statement of the first law of thermodynamics , by Rudolf Clausius in 1850 , referred to cyclic thermodynamic processes .

The first explicit statement of the first law of thermodynamics was given by Rudolf Clausius in 1850 : `` There is a state function E , called ` energy ' , whose differential equals the work exchanged with the surroundings during an adiabatic process . ''


The X Factor is the tenth studio album by British heavy metal band Iron Maiden , released on 2 October 1995 through EMI .

The X Factor is a studio album by Iron Maiden .


It is then called Juliomagus ( written Ιουλιομαγος in ancient Greek ) .

After the Roman conquest , the city was called Juliomagus .


Following the settlement , it was announced that the first official release of Pidgin 2.0.0 was hoped to occur during the two weeks from April 8 , 2007 .

Following the talks , it was said that the first official release of Pidgin 2.0.0 was hoped to happen during the two weeks from April 8 , 2007 .


Such features include : In response to pressure from AOL , the program was renamed to the acronymous-but-lowercase gaim .

After pressure from AOL , the program was renamed to gaim .


The number of Pidgin users was estimated to be over 3 million in 2007 .

The number of Pidgin users is thought to be more than 3 million in 2007 .


Due to the legal issues , version 2.0 of the software was frozen in beta stages .

Due to the legal problems , version 2.0 of the software was stuck in beta stages .


On April 6 , 2007 , the project development team announced the results of their settlement with AOL , which included a series of name changes : Gaim became Pidgin , libgaim became libpurple , and gaim-text became finch .

This included some name changes : gaim became Pidgin , libgaim became libpurple , and gaim-text became finch .


Libpurple has support for many commonly used instant messaging protocols , allowing the user to log into various services from one application .

The software can use most instant messaging protocols , which will let the user log into different instant messaging services from one program .


On 20 November 2006 , he replaced Dick Norman as the oldest player in the ATP Top 100 ( singles ) when Norman dropped out of the Top 100 for the last time .

He is as of the 2006 season the oldest player in the ATP Top 100 ( singles ) .


Jonas Lars Björkman ( Swedish pronunciation : ( ˈjuːnas ˈbjœrkman ) ; born 23 March 1972 , Alvesta , Sweden ) is a former World No. 4 Swedish professional tennis player .

Jonas Lars Björkman ( born March 23 , 1972 , Alvesta , Sweden ) is a Swedish professional male tennis player and former World No. 4 in singles and World No. 1 in doubles .


The Percy miscellany also quotes a pastoral poem by John Gay ( 1685-1732 ) , who wrote that : I 'll speed me to the pond , where the high stool On the long plank , hangs o'er the muddy pool , That stool the dread of ev'ry scolding quean .

The Percy miscellany also quotes a poem by John Gay ( 1685-1732 ) , who wrote that : I 'll speed me to the pond , where the high stool On the long plank , hangs o'er the muddy pool , That stool the dread of ev'ry scolding quean .


In the Percy Anecdotes , published pseudonymously in 1820 , the authors state that `` How long the ducking-stool has been in disuse in England does not appear . ''

In the Percy Anecdotes , published in 1820 , the authors state that `` How long the ducking-stool has been in disuse in England does not appear . ''


The English common law as received by the law of the United States included the offence of being a common scold .

The common law included the offence of being a common scold .


In the United States many states have laws restricting public profanity , excessive noise , and disorderly conduct .

Many states have laws restricting public profanity , loud noise in public , and disorderly conduct .


In England and Wales , the only part of the United Kingdom where the law had any effect , no prosecutions of common scolds have occurred for a considerable period .

In England and Wales , the only parts of the United Kingdom where the law was in use , no prosecutions of common scolds have occurred for a long time .


In 1817 Sarah Leeke , also from Leominster was sentenced to be ducked but the water in the pond was so low that the authorities merely wheeled her round the town in the chair .

In 1817 , Sarah Leeke , also from Leominster , was sentenced to be ducked .


If jarring females kindle strife ... While these literary sources do not prove that the punishment still took place they do provide evidence that it had not been forgotten .

If jarring females kindle strife ... These poems do not prove that the punishment took place at the time they were written .


The offence of being a common scold has become obsolete in the state of New Jersey because only women could commit it , contrary to current interpretations of the Equal Protection Clause .

The offence of being a common scold has also become obsolete in the United States because only women could commit it .


In 1829 , a Washington , D.C. court found the American anti-clerical writer Anne Royall guilty of being a common scold , the outcome of a campaign launched against her by local clergymen .

In 1829 , a Philadelphia , Pennsylvania court found American writer and journalist Anne Royall guilty of being a common scold .


The cucking stool , according to Blackstone , eventually became known as a ducking stool by folk etymology .

The cucking stool , according to Blackstone , later was called a ducking stool .


In a 1704 legal case called The Queen v. Foxby , 6 Mod .


This would be pushed into the ducking pond and the shafts would be released , tipping the chair up backwards and ducking the occupant .

The tumbrel would be pushed into the ducking pond and the shafts would be released .


The last recorded uses of the stool for ducking involve a Mrs. Ganble at Plymouth ( 1808 ) and Jenny Pipes , a notorious scold from Leominster ( 1809 ) .

The last written record of stools being used for ducking involved a Mrs. Ganble at Plymouth in 1808 , and one Jenny Pipes from Leominster ( a town in Herefordshire ) in 1809 .


Francois Maximilian Misson , a French traveller and writer , recorded the method used in England in the early 18th century : The ducking stool , rather than being fixed in position by the river or pond , could be mounted on wheels to allow the convicted woman to be paraded through the streets before punishment was carried out .

Francois Maximilian Misson , a French traveler and writer , wrote down the way the ducking chair was used in England in the early 1700s : The ducking stool was not always tied down to one spot next to a river or pond .


Some have claimed that convicted common scolds had to wear such a device as a preventive or punitive measure .

Some people say that common scolds had to wear a scold 's bridle to stop them from scolding .


None of these laws carry the distinctive punishment reserved for the common scold .

None of these laws have any punishment similar to those traditionally used for the common scold .


A plaque on the Fye Bridge in Norwich , England claims to mark the site of a `` cucking '' stool , and that from 1562-1597 `` strumpets '' and common scolds suffered the punishment of dunking there .

A piece of writing mounted on the Fye Bridge in Norwich , England says it marks the place where a `` cucking '' stool had been in place from 1562-1597 .


Counsel in Sykes v. Director of Public Prosecutions ( 1962 ) AC 528 described the offence as `` obsolete '' , and section 13 ( 1 ) ( a ) of the Criminal Law Act 1967 eventually abolished it .

The lawyers in Sykes v. Director of Public Prosecutions ( 1962 ) AC 528 , described the offence as `` obsolete '' .


Another method of ducking was to use the tumbrel , which consisted of a chair on two wheels with two long shafts fixed to the axles .

Another way of ducking was to use a device called a `` tumbrel '' .


The Domesday Book notes the use of a cucking stool at Chester , a seat also known as cathedra stercoris , a `` dung chair '' , whose punishment apparently involved exposing the sitter 's buttocks to onlookers .

The Domesday Book mentions the use of a cucking stool in the town of Chester .


On her fourth conviction , the King 's Bench declined to dunk her again , and instead ordered her to pay a fine of three marks , and ordered her imprisoned until payment took place .

Instead , they ordered her to pay a money fine and that she be imprisoned until she paid the fine .


A scold 's bridle , known in Scotland as a brank , consists of a locking metal mask or head cage that contains a tab that fits in the mouth to inhibit talking .


This seat served to punish not only scolds , but also brewers and bakers who sold bad ale or bread , whereas the ducking stool dunked its victim into the water .

This type of chair was used to punish not only common scolds , but also people who make beer ( brewers ) and bakers who sold bad beer or bread .


In January 1941 , the United States Navy constructed a military base on the atoll .

In January 1941 , the United States Navy built a military base on the atoll .


Two days later , fearing an imminent invasion , the Japanese Rear Admiral Shigematsu Sakaibara ordered the execution of the 98 captured American civilian workers who had initially been kept to perform forced labor .

Two days later , Rear Admiral Shigematsu Sakaibara ordered the execution of the 98 captured American workers .


TF 14-with the fleet carrier Lexington , three heavy cruisers , eight destroyers , and an oiler-was to undertake a raid on the Marshall Islands to divert Japanese attention .

TF 14-with the fleet carrier Lexington , three heavy cruisers , eight destroyers , and an oiler-was sent to attack the Marshall Islands .


The US were afraid that the US would lose ships On 5 October 1943 , American naval aircraft from Yorktown raided Wake .


After the war , Sakaibara and his subordinate-Lieutenant-Commander Tachibana-were sentenced to death for the massacre of the 98 and for other war crimes .

Admiral Sakaibara and Lieutenant-Commander Tachibana were sentenced to death for the massacre .


Also present on the island were 68 U.S. Navy personnel and about 1,221 civilian workers for the Morrison-Knudsen Company .

Also on the island were 68 U.S. Navy staff and about 1,221 civilian workers .


The Battle of Wake Island began simultaneously with the Attack on Pearl Harbor and ended on 23 December 1941 , with the surrender of the American forces to the Empire of Japan .

It ended on 23 December 1941 , with the surrender of the American forces to the Empire of Japan .


The Marines were armed with six 5-inch ( 0.13 m ) \ / 51 cal pieces , originating from the battleship USS Texas ; twelve 3 in ( 76 mm ) \ / 50 cal anti-aircraft guns ( with only a single working anti-aircraft director among them ) ; eighteen .50 in ( 12.7 mm ) Browning heavy machine guns ; and thirty .30 in ( 7.62 mm ) heavy , medium and light water - and air-cooled machine guns of various manufacture and operating condition .

There were also twelve 3 in ( 76 mm ) \ / 50 cal anti-aircraft guns , eighteen .50 in ( 12.7 mm ) Browning heavy machine guns , and thirty M1917 Browning machine guns .


The initial resistance offered by the garrison prompted the Japanese Navy to detach the aircraft carriers Sōryū and Hiryū from the force that attacked Pearl Harbor to support the second landing attempt .

The Japanese Navy sent two aircraft carriers ( Sōryū and Hiryū ) to support the second landing attempt .


On 8 December , just hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor ( Wake being on the opposite side of the International Date Line ) , 36 Japanese Mitsubishi G3M3 medium bombers flown from bases on the Marshall Islands attacked Wake Island , destroying eight of the 12 F4F-3 Wildcat fighters belonging to Marine Corps fighter squadron VMF-211 on the ground .

On 8 December , just hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor , Japanese Mitsubishi G3M3 bombers attacked Wake Island .


The four Wildcats also succeeded in sinking the destroyer Kisaragi by dropping a bomb on her stern where the depth charges were stored .

The four Wildcats sunk another destroyer , Kisaragi , by dropping a bomb on her stern .


The Japanese force withdrew before landing .

The Japanese force pulled back before landing .


It was fought on and around the atoll formed by Wake Island and its islets of Peale and Wilkes Islands by the air , land and naval forces of the Empire of Japan against those of the U.S. , with Marines playing a prominent role on both sides .

It was fought by the air , land and naval forces of the Empire of Japan against those of the U.S. , with Marines playing an important role on both sides .


On 4 September 1945 , the remaining Japanese garrison surrendered to a detachment of U.S. Marines .

On 4 September 1945 , the remaining Japanese troops surrendered to a U.S. Marines .


The projected U.S. relief attempt by Admiral Frank Fletcher 's Task Force 11 ( TF 11 ) and supported Admiral Wilson Brown 's TF 14 consisted of the fleet carrier Saratoga , the fleet oiler Neches , the seaplane tender Tangier , the heavy cruisers Astoria , Minneapolis , and San Francisco , and 10 destroyers .

The attempt to help Wake Island was led by Admiral Frank Fletcher 's Task Force 11 ( TF 11 ) and supported Admiral Wilson Brown 's TF 14 .


The U.S. Marines fired at the invasion fleet with their six 5-inch ( 130 mm ) coastal artillery guns .

The U.S. Marines fired at the Japanese ships with their six 5 in 127mm coastal artillery guns .


The island was held by the Japanese for the duration of the Pacific War ; the remaining Japanese garrison on the island surrendered to a detachment of United States Marines on 4 September 1945 .

The island was held by the Japanese for the rest of the Pacific War .


The convoy carried the 4th Marine Defense Battalion , the VMF-221 fighter squadron equipped with Brewster F2A-3 Buffalo fighters , along with 9,000 5-inch rounds , 12,000 3 in ( 76 mm ) rounds , and 3,000,000 .50 in ( 12.7 mm ) rounds , as well as a large amount of ammunition for mortars and other battalion small arms .

The convoy carried the 4th Marine Defense Battalion and the VMF-221 fighter squadron .


This was the first Japanese defeat of the war , and it was the last time in history that a forced landing attempt was repelled by shore batteries .

This was the first Japanese defeat of the war .


The 98 were taken to the northern end of the island , blindfolded and executed with a machine gun .

They were blindfolded and executed with a machine gun .


The jumping spider Trite planiceps lives predominantly in the rolled-up leaves of this species .

The jumping spider Trite planiceps lives in the rolled-up leaves of this species .


The fiber has been widely used since the arrival of Māori to New Zealand , originally in Māori traditional textiles and also in rope and sail making after the arrival of Europeans up until at least WWII .

It was also used in rope and sail making after the arrival of Europeans up until at least WWII .


Phormium tenax ( called flax in New Zealand English ; harakeke in Māori ; New Zealand flax outside New Zealand ; and New Zealand hemp in historical nautical contexts ) is an evergreen perennial plant native to New Zealand and Norfolk Island that is an important fiber plant and a popular ornamental plant .

Phormium tenax ( harakeke in Māori , New Zealand flax ) is an evergreen perennial plant from New Zealand and Norfolk Island .


Phormium tenax is a coastal cover plant associated with significant habitat such as the breeding habitat for the endangered yellow-eyed penguin .

Phormium tenax grows on the coast where it is important in the breeding habitat for the endangered Yellow-eyed Penguin .


The plant grows as a clump of long , straplike leaves , up to two metres long , from which arises a much taller flowering shoot , with dramatic yellow or red flowers .

It grows a much taller flowering shoot , with dramatic yellow or red flowers .


More recently several cultivars have been selected as decorative garden plants , including : Those marked agm have gained the Royal Horticultural Society 's Award of Garden Merit .

Several forms of this species have been selected for cultivation as decorative garden plants including : The Royal Horticultural Society in England gave an Award of Garden Merit to the plant .


Citing salary disputes , Worsley withdrew from the project after completing the first 26 episodes .


The series aired in syndication throughout most of the U.S. but also aired on the east coast on the DuMont Television Network .

It aired on the east coast on the DuMont Television Network .


Flash Gordon is a science fiction television series based on the characters of the Alex Raymond-created comic strip of the same name .

Flash Gordon is a science fiction television series .


Shooting got underway in May 1953 , with an abandoned beer hall in Spandau serving as the principal shooting location .

Production began in May 1953 , with an empty beer hall in Spandau as the main shooting location .


As agents of the Galactic Bureau of Investigation , the team travels the galaxy in their ship the Sky Flash , battling cosmic villains under the order of Commander Paul Richards .

They travel the galaxy in their ship the Sky Flash to battle cosmic villains under the order of Commander Paul Richards ( Henry Beckman ) .


The series proved popular with American audiences and critical response , though sparse , was positive .


The Eurasian Sparrowhawk ( Accipiter nisus ) , also known as the Northern Sparrowhawk or simply the Sparrowhawk , is a small bird of prey in the family Accipitridae .

The Sparrowhawk ( Accipiter nisus ) is a small bird of prey in the family Accipitridae .


Females can be up to 25 % larger than males and weigh up to twice as much .

Females can be up to 25 % larger than males and can be twice as heavy .


This species is now one of the commonest birds of prey in Europe , although the population crashed after the Second World War .

It is now one of the commonest birds of prey in Europe .


It has been estimated that a female Eurasian Sparrowhawk of average weight could survive for seven days without feeding - three days longer than a male of average weight .

A female Sparrowhawk of average weight can survive for seven days without eating .


There is probably high mortality , especially for young males , during this time .

There is probably a high death rate at this time , particularly for males .


English folk names for the Eurasian Sparrowhawk include Blue Hawk , referring to the adult male 's colouration , as well as Hedge Hawk , Spar Hawk , Spur Hawk and Stone Falcon .

Other old names include Spar Hawk , Spur Hawk and Stone Falcon .


The oldest known wild Eurasian Sparrowhawk lived more than two decades ; it was found dead in Denmark 20 years and 3 months after having been ringed .

The oldest known wild Sparrowhawk lived for more than 20 years .


The chicks hatch after 33 days and fledge after 24 to 28 days .

The chicks hatch after 33 days and leave the nest after another 24 to 28 days .


The female is much larger at 35-41 cm ( 14-16 in ) long , with a wingspan of 67-80 cm ( 26-31 in ) , and a mass of 185-342 g ( 6.5-12 .1 oz ) .

The female is much larger - 35-41 cm ( 14-16 in ) long , with a wingspan of 67-80 cm ( 26-31 in ) .


The probability of a juvenile surviving its first year is 34 % , with 69 % of adults surviving from one year to the next .

69 % of adults survive from one year to the next .


The Eurasian Sparrowhawk 's pale underparts and darker upperparts are an example of countershading , which helps to break up the bird 's outline .

The Sparrowhawk 's pale underparts and darker back and wings are an example of countershading .


The Eurasian Sparrowhawk forms a superspecies with the Rufous-chested Sparrowhawk of eastern and southern Africa , and possibly the Madagascan Sparrowhawk .

The Sparrowhawk forms a superspecies with the Rufous-chested Sparrowhawk of eastern and southern Africa , and possibly the Madagascar Sparrowhawk .


When females are larger than males , it is known as reverse sexual dimorphism ; this is unusual in higher vertebrates but typical in birds of prey , and most marked in birds of prey which hunt birds .

It is unusual in higher vertebrates but typical in birds of prey .


Within the species itself , six subspecies are generally recognized : The Eurasian Sparrowhawk is a small bird of prey with short , broad wings and a long tail , both adaptations to manoeuvring through trees .

The Sparrowhawk is a small bird of prey with short , broad wings and a long tail .


The adult male is 29-34 cm ( 11-13 in ) long , with a wingspan of 59-64 cm ( 23-25 in ) and a mass of 110-196 g ( 3.9-6 .9 oz ) .

The adult male is 29-34 cm ( 11-13 in ) long from beak to tail , with a wingspan of 59-64 cm ( 23-25 in ) .


Males tend to take smaller birds , including tits , finches , and sparrows ; females catch primarily thrushes and starlings , but are capable of killing birds weighing 500 grams ( 18 oz ) or more .

They can kill birds weighing more than 500 grams ( 18 oz ) .


Its long legs and toes are an adaptation for catching and eating birds .

The Sparrowhawk 's long legs and toes help it to catch and eat birds .


The horizontal barring seen on adult Eurasian Sparrowhawks is typical of woodland-dwelling predatory birds , while the adult male 's bluish color is also seen in other bird-eating raptors , including the Peregrine Falcon , the Merlin and other Accipiters .

In fact , countershading is seen in most animals , including the Peregrine Falcon , the Merlin and other Accipiters .


Eurasian Sparrowhawks are also popular in Ireland .

Eurasian Sparrowhawks look slightly different in different parts of their range .


The current scientific name is derived from the Latin accipiter , meaning ` hawk ' and nisus , the sparrowhawk .

The current scientific name comes from the Latin words accipiter ( hawk ) and nisus ( the sparrowhawk ) .


Geographic variation is clinal , with birds becoming larger and paler in the eastern part of the range compared to the west .

Birds in the eastern part of the range are larger and paler .


Though it is a predator which specialises in catching woodland birds , the Eurasian Sparrowhawk can be found in any habitat and often hunts garden birds in towns and cities .

It can be seen in any habitat and often hunts birds in town and city gardens .


The female is up to 25 % larger than the male - one of the largest differences between the sexes in any bird species .

This is one of the biggest size differences in any bird species .


It has also been blamed for decreases in passerine populations ; scientific research has found no link between increased numbers of Eurasian Sparrowhawks and declines in some farmland and woodland birds after World War II .

Scientists have found that increased numbers of Sparrowhawks did not reduce the numbers of birds living in farmland and woodland in the 1960s .


He played in the gold medal-winning Azerbaijani team at the European Team Chess Championship in Novi Sad in 2009 , alongside Shakhriyar Mamedyarov , Teimour Radjabov , Rauf Mammadov and Gadir Guseinov , previously winning bronze medal in 2007 .

He played in the gold medal-winning Azerbaijani team at the European Team Chess Championship in Novi Sad in 2009 , alongside Shakhriyar Mamedyarov , Teimour Radjabov , Rauf Mammadov and Gadir Guseinov .


While receiving treatment for the brain tumor in a hospital in Heidelberg , Germany , Gashimov died in the early hours of 11 January 2014 .

Gashimov was treated for a brain tumor in a hospital in Heidelberg , Germany , and died on the night of 11 January 2014 .


He won the Athens 2005 ( Acropolis International ) , and he was the winner of the Cappelle-la-Grande open 2008 .

He won at Athens 2005 ( Acropolis International ) .


Jonathan is a member of the ruling People 's Democratic Party ( PDP ) .

Jonathan is a member of the People 's Democratic Party ( PDP ) , which is in power as of September 2010 .


He is a Christian , and he comes from the Ijaw ethnic group .

Jonathan is a member of the Ijaw ethnic group .


Before he entered politics in 1998 , he worked as an education inspector , lecturer , and environmental-protection officer .

After he got his degree , he worked as an education inspector , lecturer , and environmental-protection officer , until he decided to become a politician in 1998 .


degree in Hydrobiology and Fisheries biology , and a PhD degree in Zoology from the University of Port Harcourt .

in Hydrobiology\/Fisheries biology , and a Doctor of Philosophy ( Ph.D. ) in Zoology from the University of Port Harcourt .


degree in Zoology in which he attained Second Class Honours .


Permission was granted , but , having traveled as far as Apulia ( Italy ) on the return journey , the envoys learned that William himself had meanwhile died .

Permission was granted , but , having traveled as far as Apulia ( Italy ) on the return journey , the envoys learned that William himself had died .


After postponing the naval invasion he chose to also postpone the decision until after he returned from Jerusalem .

After postponing the invasion he chose to also postpone the decision until after he returned from Jerusalem .


After making his illegitimate son William his heir , he set out on pilgrimage to Jerusalem .

After making his illegitimate son William his heir , he set out on his pilgrimage .


Baldwin V , supported by king Robert II of France , his father-in-law , was persuaded to make peace with his father in 1030 when Duke Robert promised the elder Baldwin his considerable military support .

Baldwin V , supported by king Robert II of France , his father-in-law , was persuaded to make peace with his father in 1030 .


In the early 1030s Alan III , Duke of Brittany began expanding his influence from the area of Rennes and appeared to have designs on the area surrounding Mont Saint-Michel After sacking Dol and repelling Alan 's attempts to raid Avranches , Robert mounted a major campaign against his cousin Alan III .

In the early 1030s Alan III , Duke of Brittany began to expand from the area of Rennes and appeared to have wanted the area around Mont Saint-Michel After raiding Dol and stopping Alan 's attempts to raid Avranches , Robert mounted a major campaign against his cousin Alan III .


According to the historian William of Malmesbury , decades later his son William sent a mission to Constantinople and Nicaea , charging it with bringing his father 's body back to Normandy for burial .

According to the historian William of Malmesbury , decades later , Robert 's son William sent a mission to Constantinople and Nicaea to return his father 's body to Normandy for burial .


Robert the Magnificent ( French : le Magnifique ) ( 22 June 1000 - 1-3 July 1035 ) , was the Duke of Normandy from 1027 until his death .

Robert the Magnificent ( French : le Magnifique ) ( † 1035 ) , was the sixth Duke of Normandy from 1027 until he died returning from a pilgrimage .


Robert also attacked another powerful churchman , his cousin Hugo III d'Ivry , Bishop of Bayeux , banishing him from Normandy for an extended period of time .

Robert also attacked another powerful church leader , his cousin Hugo d'Ivry , Bishop of Bayeux .


Robert gave shelter to Henry I of France against his mother , Queen Constance , who favored her younger son Robert to succeed to the French throne after his father Robert II .

Robert gave shelter to Henry I of France against his mother , Queen Constance .


He was the son of Richard II of Normandy and Judith , daughter of Conan I , Duke of Brittany .

Robert was the second son of Richard II of Normandy and Judith .


Despite his domestic troubles Robert decided to intervene in the civil war in Flanders between Baldwin V , Count of Flanders and his father Baldwin IV whom the younger Baldwin had driven out of Flanders .

This feud was between Baldwin V , Count of Flanders and his father Baldwin IV who the younger Baldwin had driven out of Flanders .


According to the Gesta Normannorum Ducum he traveled by way of Constantinople , reached Jerusalem , fell seriously ill and died on the return journey at Nicaea on 2 July 1035 .

He fell seriously ill and died on the return journey at Nicaea on 2 July 1035 .


In August 1026 their father , Richard II , died and Richard III became duke , but very soon afterwards Robert rebelled against his brother , was subsequently defeated and forced to swear fealty to his older brother Richard .

In August 1026 their father , Richard II , died and Richard III became the fifth duke .


His cousins , the Athelings Edward and Alfred , sons of his aunt Emma of Normandy and Athelred , King of England had been living at the Norman Court and at one point Robert , on their behalf , attempted to mount an invasion of England but was prevented in doing so , it was said , by unfavorable winds .

They were the sons of his aunt Emma of Normandy and Athelred , King of England .


Gesta Normannorum Ducum stated that King Cnut sent envoys to Duke Robert offering to settle half the Kingdom of England on Edward and Alfred .

The king of England , Cnut the Great sent envoys to Duke Robert offering to settle half the Kingdom of England on Edward and Alfred .


The civil war Robert I had brought against his brother Richard III was still causing instability in the duchy .

But the civil war Robert I had started against his brother Richard III did n't stop when the two made peace .


A temporary truce allowed his uncle to leave Normandy in exile but this resulted in an edict excommunicating all of Normandy , which was only lifted when Archbishop Robert was allowed to return and his countship was restored .

Only a brief truce allowed his uncle to leave Normandy in exile .


They then decided to re-inter Robert 's body in Italy .

They then decided to reinter Robert 's body in Italy .


However , Alan appealed to their uncle , Archbishop Robert of Rouen , who then brokered a peace between Duke Robert and his vassal Alan III .

However , Alan appealed to Archbishop Robert of Rouen ( they were both his nephews ) .


Robert also seized a number of church properties belonging to the Abbey of Fecamp .

Robert also seized a number of church properties belonging to the abbey of Fécamp .


Before he died , Richard II had decided his elder son Richard III would succeed him while his second son Robert would became Count of Hiémois .


For his help Henry I rewarded Robert with the French Vexin .

For his help Henry I gave Robert the French Vexin .


When Richard III died a year later there were suspicions that Robert had had something to do with his death and although nothing could be proved , Robert had the most to gain .

When Richard III died shortly after Robert 's surrender , there were suspicions that Robert might have caused his brother 's death .


In 2000 , VRS officially became available throughout the State of Texas .

Right now , VRS is only available in the United States .


Sometimes French Catalonia can also be used .

Sometimes French Catalonia is also used .


The equivalent term in French , Catalogne Nord , is used nowadays , although less often than the more politically neutral Roussillon ( in reference to the pre-Revolutionary province ) .

The French name , Catalogne Nord , is used nowadays , although less often than the more politically neutral Roussillon ( in reference to the pre-Revolutionary province ) .


The Roussillon plain in the east , by far the most populated area , is formed by the flood plains of the Tech , Têt and Agly rivers ( Catalan : Tec , Tet , Aglí ) .

The Plain of Roussillon in the east , by far the area where more people live , is formed by the floodplains of the Tech , Têt and Agly rivers ( Catalan : Tec , Tet , Aglí ) .


Northern Catalonia ( Catalan : Catalunya Nord ( kətəˈɫuɲə ˈnɔrt ) , French : Catalogne Nord ) is a term that is sometimes used , particularly in Catalan writings , to refer to the territory ceded to France by Spain through the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659 .

Northern Catalonia ( Catalan : Catalunya Nord , French : Catalogne Nord ) is a name that sometimes is used , mainly in Catalan writings , to refer to the territory given to France by Spain in 1659 .


The city of Perpignan ( Catalan : Perpinyà ) accounts for over a quarter of the population , over one-third if its urban area is taken into account , and is the only major administrative and service center .

More of a quarter of the population of Northern Catalonia is in the city of Perpignan ( Catalan : Perpinyà ) .


Gian Gastone de ' Medici ( Giovanni Battista Gastone ; 24 May 1671 - 9 July 1737 ) was the seventh and last Medicean Grand Duke of Tuscany .

Gian Gastone de ' Medici ( 24 May 1671 - 9 July 1737 ) was the last Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany .


As Grand Prince Ferdinando , Gian Gastone 's elder brother , predeceased Cosimo III , Gian Gastone succeeded his father in 1723 .

Gian Gastone succeeded his father as Grand Duke in 1723 .


He was the second son of Grand Duke Cosimo III and Marguerite Louise d'Orléans .

He was the second son of Cosimo III de ' Medici , Grand Duke of Tuscany , and Marguerite Louise d'Orléans .


His sister , Electress Palatine Anna Maria Luisa , arranged his marriage to the wealthy and widowed Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg in 1697 .

His sister , Anna Maria Luisa de ' Medici , the Electress Palatine , married him to Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg in 1697 .


Francis Stephen duly succeeded at Gian Gastone 's demise , on 9 July 1737 , ending almost 300 years of Medici rule over Florence .

Francis then became the Grand Duke on 9 July 1737 ending almost 300 years of Medici rule over Florence .


Lisa Gerrard ( born 12 April 1961 ) is an Australian musician , singer and composer who rose to prominence as part of the music group Dead Can Dance with music partner Brendan Perry .

Lisa Gerrard ( born April 12 , 1961 ) is an Australian musician , singer and composer who rose to fame as part of the group Dead Can Dance with former music partner Brendan Perry .


She received a Golden Globe Award for the music score to the film Gladiator , on which she collaborated with Hans Zimmer .

Gerrard received a Golden Globe award and an Academy Award nomination for the score for the 2000 film Gladiator on which she teamed up with Hans Zimmer .


The Canonic Variations on `` Vom Himmel hoch da komm ' ich her '' ( `` From Heaven above to Earth I come '' ) , BWV 769 , are a set of five variations in canon for organ with two manuals and pedals by Johann Sebastian Bach on the Christmas hymn by Martin Luther of the same name .

The Canonic Variations on `` Vom Himmel hoch da komm ' ich her '' ( From Heaven above to Earth I come ) , BWV 769 is a well-known piece of music for organ by Johann Sebastian Bach .


In June 1747 , Bach was admitted as the fourteenth member of the `` Correspondierde Societät der Muscialischen Wissenschaften '' ( Corresponding Society for the Musical Sciences ) , a society devoted to musical scholarship founded in Leipzig in 1738 by Lorenz Christoph Mizler .

In June 1747 , Bach was allowed to become a member of the `` Correspondierde Societät der Muscialischen Wissenschaften '' ( Corresponding Society for the Musical Sciences ) .


The Canonic Variations are based on the Christmas Hymn `` Von Himmel hoch , da komm ich her '' for which the words and melody were composed in 1539 by Martin Luther .

The Canonic Variations are based on the Christmas Hymn `` Von Himmel hoch , da komm ich her '' .


The variations were prepared as a showpiece for Bach 's entry as fourteenth member of Mizler 's Music Society in Leipzig in 1747 .

Bach composed the piece when he became a member of Mizler 's Music Society in Leipzig in 1747 .


In the second section , the pedal and the separate hands again play the chorale line by line in inverted canon , separated by an interval of a second and then a ninth , with a free imitative part in the hand playing the canon and a free running semiquaver part in the other hand .

In the last section , marked forte , the pedal part plays the chorale tune upside down .


Gregarious larvae have a yellow to orange covering with black spots ; solitary larvae are green or brown .

Gregarious larvae have a yellow to orange covering with black spots .


Gregarious adults vary in size between 40 and 60 mm according to the sex ; they are smaller than the solitary adults .

Gregarious adults vary in size between 40 and 60 mm according to the sex .


Many other species of Orthoptera with gregarious and migratory behavior are referred to as ` locusts ' in the vernacular .

Many other species of Orthoptera with gregarious and migratory behavior are indicated with the name of ` locusts ' .


It transitions between two main phenotypes in response to population density ; the solitary phase and the gregarious phase .

It has a solitary phase and a gregarious phase .


As the density of the population increases the locust transforms progressively from the solitary phase towards the gregarious phase with intermediate phases : Solitaire = solitary phase → transiens congregans ( intermediate form ) → gregarious phase → transiens dissocians ( intermediate form ) → solitaire = solitary phase .

As the density of the population increases the locust transforms from the solitary phase to the gregarious phase , with intermediate phases .


The superficially similar Bryozoa ( Ectoprocta ) have the anus outside a `` crown '' of hollow tentacles .

The superficially similar Bryozoa ( Ectoprocta ) have the anus outside a ` crown ' of hollow tentacles .


Some species eject unfertilized ova into the water , while others keep their ova in brood chambers until they hatch , and some of these species use placenta-like organs to nourish the developing eggs .

Some species eject unfertilized ova into the water while others keep their ova in brood chambers until they hatch , and some of these species use placenta-like organs to nourish the developing eggs .


Some authors use `` Entoprocta '' , while others prefer `` Kamptozoa '' .

Some authors use Entoprocta , while others prefer Kamptozoa .


Fossils of entoprocts are very rare , and the earliest specimens that have been identified with confidence date from the Late Jurassic .

Fossils of entoprocts are very rare and the earliest specimens that have been identified with confidence date from the Upper Jurassic .


Some species of nudibranchs ( `` sea slugs '' ) and turbellarian flatworms prey on entoprocts .

Some species of nudibranchs ( sea slugs ) and flatworms prey on entoprocts .


The alternative name `` Kamptozoa '' , meaning `` bent '' or `` curved '' animals , was assigned in 1929 .

The alternative name ` Kamptozoa ' , means ` bent ' or ` curved ' animals .


They have a `` crown '' of solid tentacles whose cilia generate water currents that draw food particles towards the mouth , and both the mouth and anus lie inside the `` crown '' .

They are filter-feeders , with a crown of tentacles whose cilia generate water currents towards the mouth .


`` Entoprocta '' , coined in 1870 , means `` anus inside '' .


Both colonial and solitary species also reproduce by cloning - solitary species grow clones in the space between the tentacles and then release them when developed , while colonial ones produce new members from the stalks or from corridor-like stolons .

Both colonial and solitary species also reproduce by cloning .


The 2011 Japanese nuclear accidents subsequently undermined the nuclear power industry 's proposed renaissance and revived anti-nuclear passions worldwide , putting governments on the defensive .

The 2011 Japanese nuclear accidents have `` revived anti-nuclear passions worldwide , putting governments on the defensive and undermining the nuclear power industry 's recent renaissance '' .


The project was canceled in 1975 and anti-nuclear success at Wyhl inspired opposition to nuclear power in other parts of Europe and North America .

Anti-nuclear success at Wyhl inspired nuclear opposition throughout Germany , in other parts of Europe , and in North America .


Many anti-nuclear groups oppose both nuclear power and nuclear weapons .

Greenpeace suggests that nuclear power and nuclear weapons have grown up like Siamese twins .


, real name Toshio Hayakawa ( 早川 俊夫 , Hayakawa Toshio ? )


In July 1968 , Mizuki signed onto the Columbia Music Entertainment label and released his first single called `` Kimi ni sasageru Boku no Uta '' , composed by Kanae Wada .

Ichiro Mizuki began his solo career in 1968 , although his first single `` Kimi ni sasageru Boku no Uta '' was released as this song was composed by Kanae Wada .


On July 17 , 2000 , with fellow anison vocalists Hironobu Kageyama ( Dragon Ball Z ) , Masaaki Endoh ( The King of Braves GaoGaiGar ) , Eizo Sakamoto ( vocalist of ANTHEM and Animetal ) , and Rica Matsumoto ( Pokémon ) , he formed the `` supergroup '' JAM Project .

On July 19 , 2000 , he joined as a part-time member of the supergroup JAM Project with other members - Hironobu Kageyama , Masaaki Endoh , Eizo Sakamoto , and Rica Matsumoto .


Falabella started acting in 1998 in Rede Globo 's teen telenovela Malhação , as Antônia .

Falabella started acting in 1998 on Rede Globo 's teen telenovela Malhação , as Antônia .


Débora Lima Falabella ( February 22 , 1979 in Belo Horizonte , Brazil ) is a Brazilian actress .

Débora Lima Falabella ( born February 22 , 1979 in Belo Horizonte ) is a Brazilian actress .


Cuthburh was married to King Aldfrith of Northumbria , and Ine himself was married to Æthelburg .

His sister Cuthburh was married to King Aldfrith of Northumbria .


Ine was King of Wessex from 688 to 726 .

Ine ( † 728 ) was a West Saxon nobleman who was King of Wessex from 688 to 726 .


Three years later Ine invaded again , this time killing Ealdberht .

In 725 Ine invaded again and this time Ealdberht was killed .


Bede records that Ine held Sussex in subjection for `` several years '' , but in 722 an exile named Ealdbert fled to Surrey and Sussex , and Ine invaded Sussex as a result .


Direct-to-video releases can be done for films which can not be shown theatrically due to controversial content , or because the cost involved in a theatrical release is beyond the releasing company .

Direct-to-video releases can be done for movies which can not be shown theatrically due to controversial content , or because the cost involved in a theatrical release is beyond the releasing company .


This delay often occurs when a studio doubts a film 's commercial prospects would justify a full cinema release , or because its release window has closed .

This delay often occurs when a studio doubts a movie 's commercial prospects would justify a full cinema release , or because its `` release window '' has closed .


Animated sequels and feature-length episodes of animated series are also often released in this fashion .

Animated sequels and movie-length episodes of animated series are also often released in this fashion . )


A release window refers to a timely trend or personality , and missing that window of opportunity means a film , possibly rushed into production , failed to release before the trend faded .

A release window refers to a timely trend or personality , and missing that window of opportunity means a movie , possibly rushed into production , failed to release before the trend faded .


Studios , limited in the annual number of films to which they grant cinematic releases , may choose to pull the completed film from the theaters , or never exhibit it in theaters at all .

Studios , limited in the annual number of movies they grant cinematic releases to , may choose to pull the completed movie from the theaters , or never exhibit it in theaters at all .


In film-industry slang , such films are referred to as having been `` vaulted '' .

In movie industry slang such movies are referred to as having been `` vaulted . ''


The Walt Disney Company began making sequels to many of its animated films for video release beginning with The Return of Jafar ( the sequel to Aladdin ) in 1994 .

The Walt Disney Company began making sequels of most of its animated movies for video release beginning with The Return of Jafar ( the sequel to Aladdin ) in 1994 .


A production studio may decide not to generally release a TV show or film for several possible reasons : poor quality , lack of support from a TV network , negative reviews , controversial nature , or a simple lack of general public interest .

Often a production studio will develop a TV show or movie which is not generally released for several possible reasons : poor quality , lack of support from a TV network , controversial nature , or a simple lack of general public interest .


Occasionally , a studio that makes a movie that was prepared as a direct-to-video film will release it theatrically at the last minute due to the success of another film with a similar subject matter or an ultimate studio decision .

Once in a while , a studio that makes a movie that was prepared as a direct-to-video movie and release it theatrically at the last minute due to the success of another movie with a similar subject matter or an ultimate studio decision .


Despite this , direct-to-video releases have become something of a lifeline for independent filmmakers and smaller companies .

They have become something of a lifeline for independent filmmakers and smaller companies .


Some films released direct to video are films which have been completed but were never released in movie theaters .

Some studio movies released direct-to-video are movies which have been completed but were never released .


The new term sometimes used is DVDP ( `` DVD Premiere '' ) .

The new term used is DVDP ( `` DVD Premiere '' ) .


Such films can cost as much as $ 20 million ( about a third of the average cost of a Hollywood release ) .

Such movies can cost as much as $ 20 million ( about a third of the average cost of a Hollywood release ) and feature actors like Jean-Claude Van Damme and Steven Seagal .


As DVDs gradually replaced videocassettes , the term `` direct-to-DVD '' replaced `` direct-to-video '' in some instances .

As the DVD format supplants the videocassette , companies have increasingly released movies in DVD format rather than VHS , causing the term `` direct-to-DVD '' to replace `` direct-to-video '' in some instances .


Direct to video ( also known as direct to DVD , direct to VHS , direct to digital , made for video , straight to video , shot on video , or straight to DVD ) refers to the release of a film to the public immediately on home video formats rather than a theatrical release or television broadcast .

A movie that is released direct-to-video ( also known as made-for-video , straight-to-video , more recently , straight-to-DVD ) is one which has been released to the public on home video formats ( historically VHS ) before or without being released in movie theaters or broadcast on television .


The four-horned antelope ( Tetracerus quadricornis ) , or chousingha , is a species of small antelope found in open forest in India and Nepal .

The four-horned antelope ( Tetracerus quadricornis ) is an animal .


Most wild four-horned antelope are found in India , with small , isolated populations in Nepal .

Four-horned antelopes live in India and Nepal .


Males of the species are unique among extant mammals in that they possess four permanent horns .


Dürer 's father died in 1502 , and his mother died in 1513 .

Dürer 's father died in 1502 and his mother died in 1513 .


He wrote that Giovanni Bellini was the oldest and still the best of the artists in Venice .

Dürer wrote that Giovanni Bellini was the oldest and still the best of the artists in Venice .


Other paintings Dürer produced in Venice include The Virgin and Child with the Goldfinch , Christ Disputing with the Doctors ( supposedly produced in a mere five days ) , and a number of smaller works .

Other paintings Dürer made in Venice include , The Virgin and Child with the Goldfinch , Christ disputing with the Doctors ( supposedly produced in just five days ) , and a number of smaller works .


The Venetian artist Jacopo de ' Barbari , whom Dürer had met in Venice , visited Nuremberg in 1500 , and Dürer said that he learned much about the new developments in perspective , anatomy , and proportion from him .

The Venetian artist Jacopo de ' Barbari , whom Dürer had met in Venice , visited Nuremberg in 1500 , and Dürer said that he learned much about the new developments in perspective , anatomy , and Body proportions from him .


On his return to Nuremberg in 1495 , Dürer opened his own workshop ( being married was a requirement for this ) .

On his return to Nuremberg in 1495 , Dürer opened his own workshop .


A self-portrait , a drawing in silverpoint , is dated 1484 ( Albertina , Vienna ) `` when I was a child , '' as his later inscription says .

A self-portrait , a drawing in silverpoint , is dated 1484 ( Albertina , Vienna ) .


Wolgemut was the leading artist in Nuremberg at the time , with a large workshop producing a variety of works of art , in particular woodcuts for books .

Wolgemut was the leading artist in Nuremberg at the time , and had a large workshop making different types of works of art , in particular woodcuts for books .


It was subsequently acquired by the Emperor Rudolf II and taken to Prague .

Later , the Emperor Rudolf II took it to Prague .


Though his father wanted him to continue his training as a goldsmith , he showed such a precocious talent in drawing that he started as an apprentice to Michael Wolgemut at the age of fifteen in 1486 .

His father wanted him to continue his training as a goldsmith , but he was so good at drawing that he started as an apprentice to Michael Wolgemut at the age of fifteen in 1486 .


Other works from this period include the thirty-seven woodcut subjects of the Little Passion , published first in 1511 , and a set of fifteen small engravings on the same theme in 1512 .

The famous works he made in this period were the thirty-seven woodcuts for the Little Passion , published first in 1511 , and a set of fifteen small engravings on the same theme in 1512 .


Nuremberg was then an important and prosperous city , a center for publishing and many luxury trades .

Nuremberg was a rich city , a center for publishing and many luxury trades .


Koberger 's most famous publication was the Nuremberg Chronicle , published in 1493 in German and Latin editions .

His most famous publication was the Nuremberg Chronicle , published in 1493 in German and Latin .


Albrecht Dürer ( German : ( ˈalbʁɛçt ˈdyːʁɐ ) ; 21 May 1471 - 6 April 1528 ) was a German painter , engraver , printmaker , mathematician , and theorist from Nuremberg .

Albrecht Dürer ( 21 May 1471 - 6 April 1528 ) was a German painter , engraver and mathematician .


His well-known prints include the Knight , Death , and the Devil ( 1513 ) , Saint Jerome in his Study ( 1514 ) and Melencolia I ( 1514 ) , which has been the subject of extensive analysis and interpretation .

Dürer 's best known individual engravings ( that is , ones that are not part of a series ) include Knight , Death , and the Devil ( 1513 ) , Saint Jerome in his Study ( 1514 ) and Melencolia I ( 1514 ) .


He also continued to make images in watercolor and bodycolor ( usually combined ) , including a number of still lifes of meadow sections or animals , including his Young Hare ( 1502 ) and the Great Piece of Turf ( 1503 , both also Albertina ) .

He also continued to make images in watercolor and bodycolor ( usually combined ) , including a number of very beautiful still lives of meadow sections or animals , including his `` Hare '' ( 1502 , Albertina , Vienna ) .


Dürer was born on 21 May 1471 , third child and second son of his parents , who had between fourteen and eighteen children .

Dürer was the third child and second son of his parents , who had between fourteen and eighteen children .


However , his training in Wolgemut 's studio , which made many carved and painted altarpieces and both designed and cut woodblocks for woodcut , evidently gave him great understanding of what the technique could be made to produce , and how to work with block cutters .

But he had designed and cut woodblocks for woodcut as part of his training in Wolgemut 's studio , and he had seen many carved and painted altarpieces made in the studio .


During this period he also completed two woodcut series , the Great Passion and the Life of the Virgin , both published in 1511 together with a second edition of the Apocalypse series .

During this period he also completed the two woodcut series , the Great Passion and the Life of the Virgin .


Very soon after his return to Nuremberg , on 7 July 1494 , at the age of 23 , Dürer was married to Agnes Frey following an arrangement made during his absence .

In fact , very soon after he got back to Nuremberg , on 7 July 1494 Dürer was married to Agnes Frey .


Agnes was the daughter of a prominent brass worker ( and amateur harpist ) in the city .

She was the daughter of a well known brass worker ( and amateur harpist ) in the city .


In 1515 , he created his woodcut of a Rhinoceros which had arrived in Lisbon from a written description and sketch by another artist , without ever seeing the animal himself .

In 1515 , he created his woodcut of the Rhinoceros .


By this time Dürer 's engravings had attained great popularity and were being copied .

By this time Dürer 's engravings were very popular and were being copied .


After completing his term of apprenticeship , Dürer followed the common German custom of taking Wanderjahre-in effect gap years - in which the apprentice learned skills from artists in other areas ; Dürer was to spend about four years away .

After completing his term of apprenticeship in 1489 , Dürer followed the common German custom of taking a wanderjahre - in effect a gap year .


His famous series of sixteen great designs for the Apocalypse is dated 1498 , as is his engraving of St. Michael Fighting the Dragon .

His famous series of sixteen great designs for the Apocalypse are dated 1498 .


A series of extant drawings show Dürer 's experiments in human proportion , leading to the famous engraving of Adam and Eve ( 1504 ) , which shows his subtlety while using the burin in the texturing of flesh surfaces .

This is a series of drawings show Dürer 's experiments in human proportion , before he made his famous engraving of Adam and Eve ( 1504 ) .


Dürer 's godfather was Anton Koberger , who left goldsmithing to become a printer and publisher in the year of Dürer 's birth and quickly became the most successful publisher in Germany , eventually owning twenty-four printing-presses and having many offices in Germany and abroad .

Dürer 's godfather was Anton Koberger , who left goldsmithing to become a printer and publisher in the year Dürer was born .


It contained an unprecedented 1,809 woodcut illustrations ( albeit with many repeated uses of the same block ) by the Wolgemut workshop .

It had 1,809 woodcut pictures by the Wolgemut workshop .


Dürer made large numbers of preparatory drawings , especially for his paintings and engravings , and many survive , most famously the Betende Hände ( English : Praying Hands , c. 1508 Albertina , Vienna ) , a study for an apostle in the Heller altarpiece .

Dürer made large numbers of other practice drawings , especially for his paintings and engravings , and many survive , most famously the Praying Hands ( 1508 Albertina , Vienna ) .


Dürer 's first painted self-portrait ( now in the Louvre ) was painted at this time , probably to be sent back to his fiancée in Nuremberg .

His first painted self-portrait is now in the Louvre .


Within three months of his marriage , Dürer left for Italy , alone , perhaps stimulated by an outbreak of plague in Nuremberg .

Within three months Dürer left for Italy .


Either way , his drawings were destroyed during the cutting of the block .

Either way his drawing was destroyed when the block was cut .


However , in 1513 and 1514 Dürer created his three most famous engravings : Knight , Death , and the Devil ( 1513 , probably based on Erasmus 's treatise Enchiridion militis Christiani ) , St. Jerome in his Study , and the much-debated Melencolia I ( both 1514 ) .

In 1513 and 1514 he created his three most famous engravings , The Knight , Death , and the Devil ( or simply , The Knight , as he called it , 1513 ) , Melencolia I , and St. Jerome in his Study ( both 1514 ) .


Despite the regard in which he was held by the Venetians , Dürer returned to Nuremberg by mid-1507 , remaining in Germany until 1520 .


His father , Albrecht Dürer the Elder , was a successful goldsmith , originally named Ajtósi , who in 1455 had moved to Nuremberg from Ajtós , near Gyula in Hungary .

His father was a successful goldsmith from Ajtós , near Gyula in Hungary .


It is now thought unlikely that Dürer cut any of the woodblocks himself ; this task would have been performed by a specialist craftsman .

Dürer probably did not cut any of the woodblocks himself .


Between 1507 and 1511 Dürer worked on some of his most celebrated paintings : Adam and Eve ( 1507 ) , The Martyrdom of the Ten Thousand ( 1508 , for Frederick of Saxony ) , Virgin with the Iris ( 1508 ) , the altarpiece Assumption of the Virgin ( 1509 , for Jacob Heller of Frankfurt ) , and Adoration of the Trinity ( 1511 , for Matthaeus Landauer ) .

He made his four best paintings , Adam and Eve ( 1507 ) , Virgin with the Iris ( 1508 ) , the altarpiece the Assumption of the Virgin ( 1509 ) , and the Adoration of the Trinity by all the Saints ( 1511 ) .


After a few years of school , Dürer started to learn the basics of goldsmithing and drawing from his father .

Dürer had started to learn goldsmithing and drawing from his father .


This completed the classic empirical model of friction ( static , kinetic , and fluid ) commonly used today in engineering .

Two kinds of friction are static and kinetic .


To this day , about 300 species native to the Red Sea have been identified in the Mediterranean Sea , and there are probably others yet unidentified .

To this day , about 300 species native to the Red Sea have been identified in the Mediterranean Sea , and there are probably others still unidentified .


In recent years , the Egyptian government 's announcement of its intentions to deepen and widen the canal have raised concerns from marine biologists , fearing that this will worsen the invasion of Red Sea species into the Mediterranean , facilitating the crossing of the canal for additional species .

This announcement has raised concerns from marine biologists , who fear that this will worsen the invasion of Red Sea species into the Mediterranean , and make the crossing of the canal easier for additional species .


The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 created the first salt-water passage between the Mediterranean and Red seas .

When the Suez Canal was opened in 1869 , it created the first salt-water passage between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean .


Invasive species originated from the Red Sea and introduced into the Mediterranean by the construction of the canal have become a major component of the Mediterranean ecosystem , and have serious impacts on the Mediterranean ecology , endangering many local and endemic Mediterranean species .

They have serious impacts on the Mediterranean ecology , endangering many local and endemic Mediterranean species .


It is named after Ferdinand de Lesseps , the French engineer in charge of the canal 's construction .

It is named after Ferdinand de Lesseps , who built the Suez Canal .


Lessepsian migration ( also called Erythrean invasion ) is the ongoing migration of marine species across the Suez Canal , usually from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea , more rarely in the opposite direction .

Lessepsian migration is the name given for the migration of marine species through the Suez Canal , between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean .


In a wider context , the term `` Lessepsian migration '' is used to describe any animal migration over man-made structures , i.e. that which would not have occurred had it not been for the presence of an artificial structure .

Today , the term Lessepsian migration is used more broadly for any migration of animals over man-made structures .


The Bitter Lakes , which are hypersaline natural lakes that form part of the canal , blocked the migration of Red Sea species into the Mediterranean for many decades , but as the salinity of the lakes gradually equalized with that of the Red Sea , the barrier to migration was removed , and plants and animals from the Red Sea have begun to colonize the eastern Mediterranean .

At first , this blocked the migration of species from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean .


Consequently , there are as many gauge bosons as there are generators of the gauge field .

The three gauge bosons are as follows : Mesons are not considered to be gauge bosons of the strong force , because only the lighter mesons are thought to be responsible for the interaction responsible for the strong force .


A grand unified theory predicts additional gauge bosons named X and Y bosons .

The theoretical gauge boson for gravity is called a graviton .


The bank vole lives in woodland , hedgerows and other dense vegetation such as bracken and bramble .

The Bank vole lives in woodlands , oak woods , farmlands , hedgerows , and grasslands in Europe ( except for the north and south ) and east , north , and central Asia .


The bank vole ( Myodes glareolus ; formerly Clethrionomys glareolus ) is a small vole with red-brown fur and some gray patches , with a tail about half as long as its body .

The Bank vole ( Myodes glareolus ) is a small , type of vole with red-brown fur with some gray patches , its body is around 100 millimeters ( 3.9 in ) long in length and the tail is around 50 millimeters long .


In 975 Geoffrey had his brother Guy appointed Count and Bishop of Le Puy .

In 975 Geoffrey had his brother Guy appointed as the Count and Bishop of Le Puy .


Through the marriage of his son , Fulk III , to Elisabeth the heiress of Vendôme Geoffrey brought that county into the Angevin sphere of influence .

Through the marriage of his son , Fulk III , to Elisabeth the heiress of Vendôme Geoffrey brought that county under his influence .


He succeeded his father as Count of Anjou about 960 , at the age of 20 .

He succeeded his father as Count of Anjou about 960 .


Geoffrey was the eldest son of Fulk II , Count of Anjou and his first wife Gerberga .

Geoffrey was the oldest son of Fulk II of Anjou and his first wife Gerberga .


In 982 Geoffrey married his now widowed sister Adelaide-Blanche to the fifteen-year-old Louis V of France , the two being crowned King and Queen of Aquitaine .

In 982 Geoffrey married his now widowed sister Adelaide-Blanche to the fifteen-year-old Louis V of France .


On this subject which became this family 's theme , Geoffrey advised both his sons , Fulk and Maurice : `` No house is weak that has many friends .

Geoffrey told both his sons , Fulk and Maurice : `` No house is weak that has many friends .


On her mother 's side she was a granddaughter of king Robert I of France and on her father 's side a direct descendant of Charlemagne .

On her mother 's side she was a granddaughter of king Robert I of France .


The lands of the abbeys of Saint-Aubin and Saint-Serge in Angers provided the beneficium for his most faithful adherents .

The lands of the abbeys of Saint-Aubin and Saint-Serge in Angers provided revenues for his most faithful men .


Geoffrey had influence in Aquitaine by way of his sister Adelaide-Blanche 's first marriage to the powerful baron Stephen , Count of Gevaudan and Forez who after his death the lands were ruled by Adelaide .

Geoffrey had influence in Aquitaine through his sister Adelaide-Blanche 's first marriage to the powerful baron Stephen , Count of Gevaudan and Forez .


Fortunately it was at this same time Geoffrey made his son Fulk Nerra his co-ruler since he died shortly thereafter while besieging the fortress of Marcon on 21 July 987 .

Geoffrey made his son Fulk Nerra his co-ruler just before he died while attacking the fortress of Marcon on 21 July 987 .


But the marriage to a woman thirty years his senior failed as did Geoffrey 's plans to control Aquitaine through his young son-in-law .

So did Geoffrey 's plans to control Aquitaine through his young son-in-law .


About 971 Geoffrey secured the see of Le Mans for his ally Bishop Seinfroy .

About 971 Geoffrey secured the diocese of Le Mans for his ally and friend Bishop Seinfroy .


His father had controlled Nantes through his second marriage to the widowed countess and Geoffrey continued this by making Count Guerech accept him as overlord .

Geoffrey brought Nantes under control by making Count Guerech accept him as overlord .


His nephews Pons and Bertrand succeeded as counts there and his niece Adalmode married Adelbert , Count of Marche and Périgord .

Geoffrey 's niece , Adalmode , married Adelbert , Count of Marche and Périgord .


In 973 Geoffrey had married his daughter Ermengarde-Gerberga to Conan I of Rennes but Conan began to oppose Geoffrey and in 982 the two met at the first battle of Conquereuil with Geoffrey defeating Conan .

In 982 the two met at the first battle of Conquereuil where Geoffrey defeated Conan .


After the death of his first wife Adele , Geoffrey married secondly Adelaise de Châlon and for nearly a decade exerted control over the county of Châlons .

After the death of his first wife Adele , Geoffrey married secondly Adelaise de Châlon .


He married Adele of Meaux ( 934-982 ) , daughter of Robert of Vermandois and Adelais de Vergy .

Adele was the daughter of Robert of Vermandois and Adelais de Vergy .


Geoffrey I of Anjou ( c. 938\/940 - July 21 , 987 ) , known as Grisegonelle ( `` Greymantle '' ) , was count of Anjou from 960 to 987 .

Geoffrey I of Anjou ( 930-987 ) , called Greymantle ( French : Grisegonelle ) , was a French nobleman who was the Count of Anjou from 960 to 987 .


Geoffrey started by making his power-base the citadel of Angers strategically placing his fideles in key areas surrounding the city to protect his territories .

Geoffrey started by making his power base the citadel of Angers .


Kevin Jonathan Dallman ( born February 26 , 1981 ) is a Kazakhstani-Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays for SKA Saint Petersburg of the KHL .

Kevin Jonathan Dallman ( born February 26 , 1981 ) is a Kazakhstani-Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays for and captains Barys Astana of the KHL .


Guillaume de Machaut ( sometimes spelled Machault ) ( c. 1300 - April 1377 ) was a medieval French poet and composer .

Guillaume de Machaut ( pronounce : `` GHEE-yoam de MA-show '' ) ( born around 1300 ; died April 1377 ) , was a Medieval French poet and composer .


Well into the 15th century , Machaut 's poetry was greatly admired and imitated by other poets , including Geoffrey Chaucer .

Machaut 's poetry had an influence on many later poets , including Geoffrey Chaucer .


He had been a surgeon-superintendent of ships taking convicts to New South Wales and Van Diemen 's Land ( now known as Tasmania ) .

He had been a surgeon on the ships taking convicts to New South Wales and Van Diemen 's Land ( now known as Tasmania ) .


His land was sold for # 2,000 to John Coghill , who now owned all the land on the south , east and north of the town .

His land was sold for # 2,000 to John Coghill , who now owned most of the land on the south , east and north of the town .


He was first granted land in Van Diemen 's Land in 1824 , which he exchanged for land near Lake George in 1825 .

He was first given land in Van Diemen 's Land in 1824 , but changed it for land near Lake George in 1825 .


Gold was discovered in 1851 , and for the next two decades the district 's population swelled to about 10,000 .

Gold was discovered in 1851 , and over the next 20 years the population grew to about 10,000 .


The path to the grave is open to the public the path and is through a series of paddocks intersected by gateway sculptures and installations by local artists .

The path to the grave is open to the public and is through a series of paddocks with gateway sculptures and large art pieces by local artists .


Wilson settled in the district in late 1836 with his wife and family .

Wilson moved to the district in late 1836 with his wife and family .


A memorial and large pine tree mark the site of Wilson 's grave , from which there are views of the town .

A memorial and large pine tree mark the site of Wilson 's grave .


In 1841 Braidwood Farm had 141 residents .

In 1841 there were 141 people living at Braidwood Farm .


The village was located near the headwaters of the Shoalhaven River .

It is in a highland area near the headwaters of the Shoalhaven River .


He became a community leader and amongst other things contracted to build the first courthouse in 1837-38 .

He built the first courthouse in 1837-38 .


The Commission identified several instances of misconduct and found the superintendent of police had failed to exercise ` strict and proper control over his men . '

They found that the superintendent of police did not have ` strict and proper control over his men . '


It is located on the busy Kings Highway linking Canberra to Batemans Bay on the coast .

Braidwood is on the Kings Highway which joins Canberra to Batemans Bay on the coast .


In 1840 Wilson petitioned the government to build a road from Braidwood to Huskisson to enable faster and cheaper shipping of the wool clip to Sydney and , with Col. John Mackenzie , supplied the materials and labor for the Braidwood to Nerriga section .

In 1840 Wilson asked the government to build a road from Braidwood to Huskisson for faster and cheaper shipping of wool to Sydney .


Braidwood is a town in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales , Australia , in Palerang Shire .


The area was first settled by Europeans in the 1820s , and the town was surveyed in 1839 .


European explorers reached the district in 1822 ( Kearns , Marsh and Packer ) .

Europen explorers , Kearns , Marsh and Packer , reached the area in 1822 and the settlers arrived soon after .


In 1833 , the western end of Wilson 's grant was resumed and reserved for a future village and a similar area added to the eastern end in compensation .

In 1833 the government took back the western end of Wilson 's land for a future village .


He joined the staff of Newsweek magazine in 1960 .


He served in the Korean War as an Army intelligence officer .

He served as an intelligence officer in the United States Army during the Korean War .


He retired from ABC in 1999 to become the chairman of the National Fallen Firefighters Foundation .

After retiring from ABC News in 1999 , Bruno became chairman of the National Fallen Firefighters Foundation until 2008 .


The President of Bangladesh , the ceremonial head of state , is chosen by Parliament .

The President of Bangladesh , who is the ceremonial head of state , is picked by Parliament .


Since the December 2008 national election , the current majority party is the Bangladesh Awami League .

The current majority party is the Bangladesh Awami League .


The leader of the party ( or alliance of parties ) holding the majority of seats becomes the Prime Minister of Bangladesh , and the head of the government .

The leader of the party that has most of seats is the Prime Minister of Bangladesh .


Cleburne County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama .

Cleburne County is a county of the US state of Alabama .


According to the 2000 census , the county has a total area of 561.02 square miles ( 1,453.0 km2 ) , of which 560.21 square miles ( 1,450.9 km2 ) ( or 99.86 % ) is land and 0.81 square miles ( 2.1 km2 ) ( or 0.14 % ) is water .


Cleburne County is home to Alabama 's highest natural point on Cheaha Mountain which is part of the southernmost mountain range in the Blue Ridge Mountains .

Cleburne County is home to Alabama 's highest natural point on Cheaha Mountain .


Cleburne County was established on December 6 , 1866 , by an act of the state legislature .

Cleburne County was formed on December 6 , 1866 .


As of the 2010 census , the population was 14,972 .


It is produced with high efficiency by reducing sodium chlorate in a strong acid solution with a suitable reducing agent such as methanol , hydrogen peroxide , hydrochloric acid or sulfur dioxide .

Methanol ( an alcohol ) , sulfur dioxide ( a gas made by burning sulfur ) , hydrochloric acid ( a common acid ) , or hydrogen peroxide can be used .


Chlorine dioxide is sometimes used for bleaching of wood pulp in combination with chlorine , but it is used alone in ECF ( elemental chlorine-free ) bleaching sequences .

Chlorine dioxide is used to bleach wood pulp to make paper .


It was released on January 13 , 2012 in the United States by Universal Pictures .

Contraband was released on January 13 , 2012 in the United States by Universal Pictures .


The film is a remake of the 2008 Icelandic film Reykjavík-Rotterdam which Baltasar Kormákur starred in .

The movie is a remake of the 2008 Icelandic movie Reykjavík-Rotterdam which starred Kormákur .


An example is the skillful way in which his terrier Tony opened the garden gate , easily misunderstood as an insightful act by someone seeing the final behavior .

An example is the skilful way in which his terrier Tony opened the garden gate , easily misunderstood as an insightful act by someone seeing the final behavior .


It is an unsystematic method which does not employ insight , theory or organised methodology .

It is an unsystematic method , which does not employ insight , theory or organised methodology .


Trial and error is a fundamental method of solving problems .

Trial and error is a primitive method of solving problems .


A spin bowler usually delivers the ball quite slowly and puts spin on the ball causing it to bounce at an angle off the pitch .

A spin bowler usually bowls quite slowly and puts a lot of spin on the ball which makes it bounce at an angle off the ground .


In professional cricket , a bowler in the 40-60 mph range would be said to be a slow bowler , in the 60-80 mph range a medium pace bowler , and a bowler 80 mph + a fast bowler .

A medium pace bowler bowls more slowly .


Fast bowlers will generally only use swing to obtain movement , but medium pace and slow bowlers will often use a combination of the two .

A fast bowler uses simple speed to defeat a batsman .


Roller derby is a contact sport played by two teams of five members roller skating in the same direction around a track .

Roller derby is a sport played on roller skates .


Each jammer must first complete a non-scoring pass through the pack , which determines which jammer ( if any ) is the lead jammer .

The first jammer to get through the pack without leaving the track gets to be the `` lead jammer '' .


Each team designates a scoring player ( the `` jammer '' ) ; the other four members are `` blockers . ''

There are 5 players on each team : The jammer is the only player that can score points .


Sara Alexandra Lima Tavares ( born February 1 , 1978 ) is a Portuguese singer , composer , guitarist and percussionist .

Sara Tavares ( b. 1978 ) is a Portuguese-Cape Verdian singer .


The leaves have a tubular sheath at the base that usually splits open on one side at maturity .

The leaves have a tubular sheath at the base that usually splits open on one side when it is grown .


The Corypha species have the largest inflorescence of any plant , up to 7.5 m tall and containing millions of small flowers .

The Corypha palms have the largest inflorescence ( flowering part ) of any plant , up to 7.5 meters tall and containing millions of small flowers .


More than two-thirds of palm species live in tropical forests , where some species grow tall enough to form part of the canopy and shorter ones form part of the understory .

Over two-thirds of palms live in tropical forests , where some species grow tall enough to form part of the canopy and other shorter palms form part of the understory .


The coco de mer ( Lodoicea maldivica ) has the largest seeds of any plant , 40-50 cm in diameter and weighing 15-30 kg each .

The Coco de mer has the largest seeds of any plant , 30-50 centimeters in diameter and weighing 15-30 kilograms each .


In many historical cultures , palms were symbols for such ideas as victory , peace , and fertility .

In historical times palms have been symbols for victory , peace , and fertility .


A few palms are adapted to extremely basic lime soils , while others are similarly adapted to extreme potassium deficiency and toxicity of heavy metals in serpentine soils .

A few palms are adapted to extremely basic lime soils , while others are similarly adapted to very acidic soils .


( Due to historical usage , the family is alternatively called Palmae or Palmaceae . )


Palms may also live in grasslands and scrublands , usually associated with a water source , and in desert oases such as the date palm .

Other palms live on tropical mountains above 1000 meters , Palms may also live in grasslands and scrublands , usually where there is water , and in desert oases .


have the largest leaves of any plant , up to 25 m long and 3 m wide .

Raffia palms , with leaves up to 25 meters long and 3 meters wide , have the largest leaves of any plant .


The fruit is usually a single-seeded drupe ( sometimes berry-like ) but some genera ( e.g. Salacca ) may contain two or more seeds in each fruit .

Some kinds may contain two or more seeds in each fruit .


Some species form pure stands in areas with poor drainage or regular flooding , including Raphia hookeri which is common in coastal freshwater swamps in West Africa .

Some kinds form pure stands in areas with poor drainage or regular flooding .


The sepals and petals usually number three each , and may be distinct or joined at the base .

The sepals and petals usually number three each .


They have been important to humans throughout much of history .

They have had an important role to humans throughout much of history .


The Arecaceae are a botanical family of perennial lianas , shrubs , and trees commonly known as palm trees .


The flowers are generally small and white , radially symmetric , and can be either uni - or bisexual .

The flowers are generally small and white , and are star-shaped .


After a speech by the president of the organising committee , Crown Prince Constantine , his father officially opened the Games : Afterwards , nine bands and 150 choir singers performed an Olympic Hymn , composed by Spyridon Samaras , with words by poet Kostis Palamas .

After a speech by the president of the organizing committee , Crown Prince Constantine , his father officially opened the Games : Afterwards , nine bands and 150 choir singers performed an Olympic Hymn , composed by Spyridon Samaras , with words by poet Kostis Palamas .


Coubertin also took inspiration from the earlier Greek games organised under the name of Olympics by businessman and philanthropist Evangelis Zappas in 1859 , 1870 and 1875 .

Coubertin also took inspiration from the earlier Greek games organized under the name of Olympics by businessman and philanthropist Evangelis Zappas in 1859 , 1870 and 1875 .


In the first round , Boland defeated Friedrich Traun , a promising tennis player from Hamburg , who had been eliminated in the 100-meter sprint competition .

In the first round , Boland defeated Friedrich Traun , a promising tennis player from Hamburg , who had been eliminated in the 100 meter sprint competition .


The 500-meter freestyle was won by Austrian swimmer Paul Neumann , who defeated his opponents by more than a minute and a half .

The 500 meter freestyle was won by Austrian swimmer Paul Neumann , who defeated his opponents by more than a minute and a half .


Three Germans added individual titles : Hermann Weingärtner won the horizontal bar event , Alfred Flatow won the parallel bars ; and Carl Schuhmann , who also competed successfully in wrestling , won the vault .

Three Germans added individual titles : Hermann Weingärtner won the horizontal bar , Alfred Flatow won the parallel bars ; and Carl Schuhmann , who also competed successfully in wrestling , won the vault .


In the 100 kilometres event , Masson entered as a pacemaker for his compatriot Léon Flameng .

In the 100 kilometers event , Masson entered as a pacemaker for his compatriot Léon Flameng .


Only one road event was held , a race from Athens to Marathon and back ( 87 kilometres ) .

Only one road event was held , a race from Athens to Marathon and back ( 87 kilometers ) .


However , the event could not be completed due to darkness and was finalized the next morning , when Georgios Orphanidis was crowned the champion .

However , the event was not completed due to darkness and was finalized the next morning , when Georgios Orphanidis was crowned the champion .


Despite this , Thomas Burke , of the United States , won the 100-meter race in 12.0 seconds and the 400-meter race in 54.2 seconds .

Despite this , Thomas Burke , of the United States , won the 100 meter race in 12.0 seconds and the 400 meter race in 54.2 seconds .


It was here that , in October 1850 , the local physician William Penny Brookes had founded the Wenlock Olympian Games , a festival of sports and recreations that included athletics and team sports , such as cricket , football and quoits .

It was here that , in October 1850 , the local physician William Penny Brookes started the Wenlock Olympian Games , a festival of sports and recreations that included athletics and team sports , such as cricket , football and quoits .


Coubertin adopted Dr William Penny Brooke 's idea to establish a multi-national and multi-sport event-the ancient games were in a sense international , because various Greek city-states and colonies were represented , but only free male athletes of Greek origin were allowed to participate .

Coubertin took Dr William Penny Brooke 's idea to have a multi-national and multi-sport event-the ancient games were in a sense international , because various Greek city-states and colonies were represented , but only free male athletes of Greek origin were allowed to participate .


There were three open events ( men 's 100-metre freestyle , men 's 500-metre freestyle , and men 's 1200 metre freestyle ) , in addition to a special event open only to Greek sailors , all of which were held on the same day ( 11 April ) .

There were three open events ( men 's 100 metre freestyle , men 's 500 metre freestyle , and men 's 1200 metre freestyle ) , in addition to a special event open only to Greek sailors , all of which were held on the same day ( April 11 ) .


The competition was held at the courts of the Athens Lawn Tennis Club , and the infield of the velodrome used for the cycling events .

The competition was at the courts of the Athens Lawn Tennis Club , and the infield of the velodrome used for the cycling events .


On 6 April ( 25 March according to the Julian calendar then in use in Greece ) , the games of the First Olympiad were officially opened ; it was Easter Monday for both the Western and Eastern Christian Churches and the anniversary of Greece 's independence .

On April 6 ( March 25 according to the Julian calendar then in use in Greece ) , the games of the First Olympiad were officially opened ; it was Easter Monday for both the Western and Eastern Christian Churches and the anniversary of Greece 's independence .


Germany had sent an 11-man team , which won five of the eight events , including both team events .

Germany sent an 11-man team , which won five of the eight events , including both team events .


To avoid embarrassing their hosts , the brothers decided that only one of them would compete in the next pistol event , the free pistol .

In order to avoid embarrassing their hosts , the brothers decided that only one of them would compete in the next pistol event , the free pistol .


Nevertheless , he won the two events in which he swam , the 100 and 1200 meter freestyle .

He won the two events in which he swam , the 100 and 1200 meter freestyle .


Eventually , he was allowed to start from this `` uncomfortable position '' .

Eventually , he was allowed to start from his `` uncomfortable position '' .


The fencing events were held in the Zappeion , which , built with money Evangelis Zappas had given to revive the ancient Olympic Games , had never seen any athletic contests before .

The fencing events were held in the Zappeion , which , built with money Evangelis Zappas had given to revive the ancient Olympic Games , was not used before .


Other elements of current Olympic opening ceremonies were initiated later : the Olympic flame was first lit in 1928 , the first athletes ' oath was sworn at the 1920 Summer Olympics , and the first officials ' oath was taken at the 1972 Olympic Games .

Other elements of current Olympic opening ceremonies were started later : the Olympic flame was first lit in 1928 , the first athletes ' oath was sworn at the 1920 Summer Olympics , and the first officials ' oath was taken at the 1972 Olympic Games .


In 1890 , Coubertin wrote an article in La Revue Athletique , which espoused the importance of Much Wenlock-a rural market town in the English county of Shropshire .

In 1890 , Coubertin wrote an article in La Revue Athletique , which talked about the importance of Much Wenlock-a rural market town in the English county of Shropshire .


Darkness forced the final match to be suspended after 40 minutes ; it was continued the following day , when Schuhmann needed only fifteen minutes to finish the bout .

Darkness forced the final match to be suspended after 40 minutes ; it was continued the following day , when Schuhmann needed only a quarter of an hour to finish the bout .


With a date established , members of the congress turned their attention to the selection of a host city .

With a date established , members of the congress turned to the choice of a host city .


Held at a range at Kallithea , the shooting competition consisted of five events-two using a rifle and three with the pistol .

Held at a range at Kallithea , the shooting competition was five events-two using a rifle and three with the pistol .


The highlight for the Greeks was the marathon victory by their compatriot Spyridon Louis .

The highlight for the Greeks was the marathon victory by Spyridon Louis .


This the Greek government did despite the fact that the cost of refurbishing the stadium in marble had already been funded in full by Evangelis Zappas forty years earlier .

The Greek government did fix the stadium even though the cost of refurbishing the stadium in marble had already been funded in full by Evangelis Zappas forty years earlier .


Because Ancient Greece was the birthplace of the Olympic Games , Athens was considered to be an appropriate choice to stage the inaugural modern Games .

As Ancient Greece was the birthplace of the Olympic Games , Athens was an appropriate choice to stage the inaugural modern Games .


The Panathinaiko Stadium , the only Olympic stadium used in the 1800s , overflowed with the largest crowd ever to watch a sporting event .

The Panathinaiko Stadium , the only Olympic stadium used in the 19th Century , overflowed with the largest crowd ever to watch a sporting event .


After the Games , Coubertin and the IOC were petitioned by several prominent figures , including Greece 's King George and some of the American competitors in Athens , to hold all the following Games in Athens .

After the Games , Rhys Coubertin and the IOC were petitioned by several prominent figures including Greece 's King George and some of the American competitors in Athens , to hold all the following Games in Athens .


The 1870 Olympics at the Panathenaic stadium , which had been refurbished for the occasion , had an audience of 30,000 people .

The 1870 Olympics at the Panathenaic stadium had 30,000 people .


The 1896 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the I Olympiad , was a multi-sport event held in Athens , Greece , from 6 to 15 April 1896 .

The 1896 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the I Olympiad , were held at Athens in Greece .


The Paine brothers did not compete in the 25-meter pistol event , as the event judges determined that their weapons were not of the required calibre .

The Paine brothers did not compete in the 25 meter pistol event , as the event judges determined that their weapons were not of the required caliber .


Spyridon Louis , a previously unrecognised water carrier , won the event to become the only Greek athletics champion and a national hero .

Spyridon Louis won the event and was the only Greek athletics champion and a national hero .


Elliot got his revenge in the one hand lift event , which was held immediately after the two-handed one .

Elliot won in the one hand lift event , which was held immediately after the two-handed one .


Despite many obstacles and setbacks , the 1896 Olympics were regarded as a great success .

The 1896 Olympics were regarded as a great success even though there were many obstacles and setbacks .


Following his proposal 's acceptance by the congress , a date for the first modern Olympic Games needed to be chosen .

After his proposal 's acceptance by the congress , a date for the first modern Olympic Games needed to be chosen .


Coubertin suggested that the Games be held concurrently with the 1900 Universal Exposition of Paris .

Coubertin suggested that the Games be held at the same time as the 1900 Universal Exposition of Paris .


During the 19th century , several small-scale sports festivals across Europe were named after the Ancient Olympic Games .

In the 18th century , several small-scale sports festivals in Europe were named after the Ancient Olympic Games .


In addition , the curves of the track were very tight , making fast times in the running events virtually impossible .

In addition , the curves of the track were very tight , making fast times in the running events hard .


On 18 June 1894 , Coubertin organised a congress at the Sorbonne , Paris , to present his plans to representatives of sports societies from 11 countries .

On June 18 , 1894 , Coubertin put together a group at the Sorbonne , in Paris , to present his plans to representatives of sports societies from 11 countries .


For Alfréd Hajós of Hungary , this meant he could only compete in two of the events , as they were held too close together , which made it impossible for him to adequately recuperate .

For Alfréd Hajós of Hungary , being on the same day meant he could only compete in two of the events .


John Pius Boland , who won the event , had been entered in the competition by a fellow-student of his at Oxford ; the Greek , Konstantinos Manos .

John Pius Boland , who won the event , was entered in the competition by a fellow-student of his at Oxford .


The gymnastics competition was carried out on the infield of the Panathinaiko Stadium .

Gymnastics was at the infield of the Panathinaiko Stadium .


The swimming competition was held in the open sea because the organizers had refused to spend the money necessary for a specially constructed stadium .

The swimming competition was held in the open sea .


Concerned that a six-year waiting period might lessen public interest , congress members opted instead to hold the inaugural Games in 1896 .

Concerned that a six-year wait might lessen public interest , congress members instead chose 1896 .


Sumner Paine won that event , thereby becoming the first relative of an Olympic champion to become Olympic champion himself .


Vikelas made the Athens proposal official on 23 June , and since Greece had been the original home of the Olympics , the congress unanimously approved the decision .

Since Greece was the original home of the Olympics , all the congress approved the decision of Athens .


Virginia Patterson Hensley ( September 8 , 1932 - March 5 , 1963 ) , known professionally as Patsy Cline , was an American country music singer .

Patsy Cline ( born Virginia Patterson Hensley ; September 8 , 1932-March 5 , 1963 ) was an American country music singer .


In 1973 , Cline was the first female solo artist to be inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame .

In 1973 , Cline was posthumously ( after death ) inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame , making her the first woman to be inducted .


Algol ( Beta Per , β Persei , β Per ) , known colloquially as the Demon Star , is a bright star in the constellation Perseus .

Algol , also known as the Demon Star , is a bright star in the Perseus constellation .


Algol is actually a three-star system ( Beta Persei A , B , and C ) in which the large and bright primary Beta Persei A is regularly eclipsed by the dimmer Beta Persei B. Thus , Algol 's magnitude is usually near-constant at 2.1 , but regularly dips to 3.4 every two days , 20 hours and 49 minutes during the roughly 10-hour long partial eclipses .

Algol is made of three stars ( Beta Persei A , B and C ) and the brightest is Persei A . These stars partly eclipse each other every 2 days , 20 hours and 49 minutes for 10 hours .


Around the Great Dark Spot , winds were measured blowing up to 2,400 kilometers ( 1,500 mi ) an hour , the fastest in the Solar System .

Around the Great Dark Spot , winds were measured blowing up to 2,400 kilometers ( 1,500 miles ) an hour , the fastest in the Solar System .


The dark , elliptically-shaped spot ( with initial dimensions of 13,000 × 6,600 km , or 8,100 × 4,100 mi ) was about the same size as Earth , and was similar in general appearance to Jupiter 's Great Red Spot .

The dark , elliptically-shaped spot ( with initial dimensions of 13,000 × 6,600 km , or 8,100 × 4,100 mi ) was about the same size as Earth , and was similar looking to Jupiter 's Great Red Spot .


The Great Dark Spot ( also known as GDS-89 ) is the name given to a series of dark spots on Neptune similar in appearance to Jupiter 's Great Red Spot .

The Great Dark Spot ( also known as GDS-89 ) is a dark spot on Neptune similar in appearance to Jupiter 's Great Red Spot .


The Great Dark Spot is thought to represent a hole in the methane cloud deck of Neptune .

The Great Dark Spot is thought to be a hole in the methane cloud deck of Neptune .


Neptune 's dark spots are thought to occur in the troposphere at lower altitudes than the brighter upper cloud deck features .

Neptune 's dark spots are thought to happen in the troposphere at lower heights ( or altitudes ) than the brighter upper cloud deck features .


Unlike the clouds on Earth , however , which are composed of crystals of ice , Neptune 's cirrus clouds are made up of crystals of frozen methane .

Unlike the clouds on Earth , however , which are made of mostly crystals of ice , Neptune 's clouds are made up of crystals of frozen methane .


The persistence of companion clouds shows that some former dark spots may continue to exist as cyclones even though they are no longer visible as a dark feature .

The persistence of companion clouds shows that some former dark spots may continue to exist as cyclones even though they are no longer able to be seen as a dark feature .


As they are stable features that can persist for several months , they are thought to be vortex structures .

As they are stable features that can last for several months , they are thought to be vortex structures .


This new spot , called the Northern Great Dark Spot ( NGDS ) , has remained visible for several years .

This new spot , called the Northern Great Dark Spot ( NGDS ) , has remained able to be seen for several years .


However , the interiors of Great Dark Spots are relatively cloud-free , and unlike Jupiter 's spot , which has lasted for hundreds of years , their lifetimes appear to be shorter , forming and dissipating once every few years or so .

However , the insides of Great Dark Spots are mostly cloud-free , and unlike Jupiter 's spot , which has lasted for hundreds of years , their lifetimes appear to be much shorter , forming and disappearing once every few years or so .


And while cirrus clouds usually form and then disperse within a period of a few hours , the clouds in the Great Dark Spot were still present after 36 hours , or two rotations of the planet .

And while Neptune 's clouds usually form and then disappear within a period of a few hours , the clouds in the Great Dark Spot were still present after 36 hours , or two rotations of the planet .