Its construction began in 1611 , and its splendor is mainly due to the beauty of its seven-colour mosaic tiles and calligraphic inscriptions .

Its splendor is mainly due to the beauty of its seven-color mosaic tiles and calligraphic inscriptions .


The most magnificent iwan of the mosque is the one facing the Qibla measuring 33 m ( 108 ft ) high .

The most magnificent iwan of the mosque is the one facing the Qibla .


Behind this iwan is a space which is roofed with the largest dome in the city at 52 m ( 171 ft ) height .

Behind it is a space which is roofed with the largest dome in the city at 52 meters height .


Inside , the acoustic properties and reflections at the central point under the dome is an amusing interest for many visitors , as the ingenuity of the architects , when creating the dome , enables the Imam to speak with a subdued voice and still be heard clearly by everyone inside the building .

The acoustic properties and reflections at the central point under the dome is an amusing interest for many visitors .


It is an excellent example of Islamic architecture of Iran , and regarded as one of the masterpieces of Persian Architecture .

Built during the Safavids period , it is an excellent example of the Islamic architecture of Iran .


The Shah Mosque ( Jameh Abbasi Mosque ) known as Imam mosque ( after the 1979 Islamic revolution in Iran ) is a mosque in Isfahan , Iran , standing in south side of Naghsh-i Jahan Square .

It is on the south side of Naghsh-i Jahan Square .


The port of the mosque measures 27 m ( 89 ft ) high , crowned with two minarets 42 m ( 138 ft ) tall .

The port of the mosque measures 27 meters high .


Together with the Moon Princess 's guardians - the intelligent Sailor Mercury , psychic Sailor Mars , tomboyish Sailor Jupiter , and cheerful Sailor Venus - she fights evil and periodically encounters the mysterious Tuxedo Mask , the Moon Princess 's true love .

They are named Sailor Mercury , Sailor Venus , Sailor Mars , and Sailor Jupiter .


The popularity of the musicals has been cited as a reason behind the production of the live action Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon TV series .

The following TV series and movies were made :


The 1904 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the III Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in St. Louis , Missouri , in the United States from August 29 until September 3 , 1904 , as part of an extended sports program lasting from July 1 to November 23 , 1904 , at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis .

The 1904 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the III Olympiad , were held in St. Louis , Missouri , United States .


It is active at night and feeds on polychaetes , crustaceans and bivalves .

The fish feeds on polychaetes , crustaceans and bivalves .


The European plaice , Pleuronectes platessa , is a commercially important flatfish .

European plaice ( Pleuronectes platessa ) is the name for a kind of fish .


In North German and Danish cuisine plaice is one of the most commonly eaten fishes .

In Danish cuisine they are one of the most commonly eaten fishes .


The geographical range of the European plaice is off all coasts from the Barents Sea to the Mediterranean , also in the Northeast Atlantic and along Greenland .

Its geographical range is from the Barents Sea to the Mediterranean .


Pacific Wharf is based on Monterey 's Cannery Row area , especially as depicted in John Steinbeck 's novels , and also resembles San Francisco 's Fisherman 's Wharf .

This sub-land is based on Monterey 's Cannery Row area , especially as depicted in John Steinbeck 's novels , and also resembles San Francisco 's Fisherman 's Wharf .


The clock on the Fly 'N Buy Souvenir Shop is stopped at the exact time the sound barrier was broken on October 14 , 1947 by Chuck Yeager .

Also , the clock on the Fly 'N Buy Souvenir Shop is stopped at the exact time the sound barrier was broken on Oct 14 , 1947 by Chuck Yeager .


Mickey 's Fun Wheel is a 160-foot ( 49 m ) - tall Ferris wheel overlooking Paradise Bay , a large body of water that dominates the Paradise Pier area .

Mickey 's Fun Wheel ( formerly the Sun Wheel ) is a 160-foot ( 49 m ) - wide Ferris wheel overlooking Paradise Bay , a large body of water that dominates the Paradise Pier area .


It includes the Cocina Cucamonga Mexican Grill , Pacific Wharf Cafe , The Lucky Fortune Cookery Chinese restaurant , Wine Country Trattoria restaurant , Mendocino Wine Bar , Sonoma Terrace , a Karl Strauss beer truck , and a margarita stand .

This area includes the Cocina Cucamonga Mexican Grill , Pacific Wharf Cafe , and The Lucky Fortune Cookery Chinese restaurant , along with a Karl Strauss beer truck and a margarita stand .


Its main attraction is Grizzly River Run , a Gold Rush-esque river rapids ride around the summit of Grizzly Peak .

Attractions include Grizzly River Run , a fast-paced river rapids ride around Grizzly Peak , the park 's icon .


A special entrance exclusive to guests of Disney 's Grand Californian Hotel is located in this area .

A special entrance to Disney 's Grand Californian Hotel is also in this area .


Paradise Pier is themed as an idealized version of popular coastal boardwalks , such as the Santa Monica Pier and the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk .

Paradise Pier is themed after a Victorian-era California boardwalk , based on popular coastal boardwalks such as the Santa Monica Pier and the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk .


The district 's attractions , such as California Screamin ' ( a launched steel roller coaster built to appear as a classic wooden coaster ) resemble the timeless amusement park rides found at many boardwalks .

The land 's attractions , such as California Screamin ' , resemble the classic amusement park rides found at many boardwalks .


The featured attraction is Soarin ' Over California , a ride that simulates a hang glider tour of California .

The main ride here is Soarin ' Over California , a ride that simulates a hang glider tour of California .


Nearby is the Redwood Creek Challenge Trail ; a playground area that includes a show featuring characters from Disney · Pixar 's Up .

Nearby is the Redwood Creek Challenge Trail ; a playground area which includes a show with characters from Disney 's Brother Bear called The Magic of Brother Bear .


is an interactive 3D attraction inspired by classic midway games .

is an interactive 3D ride inspired by classic midway games .


Disney California Adventure , a theme park located in Anaheim , California , is owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company through its Parks and Resorts division .

The park is owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company .


The district also features the Ghirardelli chocolate factory built to resemble the iconic San Francisco chocolate factory , and the Boudin Bakery Tour , touring the sourdough bread-making process with Rosie O'Donnell and Colin Mochrie as video tour guides .

Another attraction is the Boudin Bakery Tour , which is a tour of the sourdough bread making process with Rosie O'Donnell and Colin Mochrie as video tour guides .


The area is home to the Walt Disney Imagineering Blue Sky Cellar , which opened in October 2008 .

It closed on March 30 , 2008 and was converted into the Walt Disney Imagineering Blue Sky Cellar , which opened in October 2008 .


Condor Flats is themed around an airfield in tribute to California 's pilots and engineers from the 1940s to the mid-1960s and the era 's aeronautical achievements .

It is split into five sub-lands : This sub-land is themed after an airfield in tribute to California 's pilots and engineers from the 1940s to the mid-60s .


Grizzly Peak is themed around California 's wilderness and national parks with particular references to Yosemite and Redwood national parks .

This sub-land is themed after California 's wilderness , such as Yosemite and Redwood national parks .


The park opened in 2001 , and it is the second of two theme parks built at the Disneyland Resort complex , after Disneyland Park .

Disney California Adventure , also called just California Adventure , is a theme park in Anaheim , California , across from Disneyland Park and part of the larger Disneyland Resort .


Its retaining walls are made up of old railroad ties , and World War II runways .

It has walls made of old railroad ties , and World War II runway mats out and around .


Katie Liu Leung ( born 8 August 1987 ) is a Scottish film , television and stage actress .

Katie Liu Leung ( born 8 August 1987 ) is a Scottish actress .


She has also been featured in Teen Vogue and in Evening Standard .

She has also been in Teen Vogue and in Evening Standard .


She is perhaps best known for playing Cho Chang , first love interest for lead character Harry Potter , in the Harry Potter film series .

She is most famous for her roles as Cho Chang in the Harry Potter series .


Leung was born in Motherwell , Lanarkshire to Peter , a businessman , and Kar Wai Li Leung , who works in a law firm .

Her parents , Peter and Kar Wai Li Leung , are Chinese immigrants .


The main differences among these three types are summarized below : Structure and composition .


Known as stateful packet inspection , it records all connections passing through it and determines whether a packet is the start of a new connection , a part of an existing connection , or not part of any connection .

A packet can be the start of a new connection , or it can be part of an existing connection .


If a packet matches the packet filter 's set of rules , the packet filter will drop ( silently discard ) the packet or reject it ( discard it , and send `` error responses '' to the source ) .

Based on rules , certain packets are then dropped or rejected .


The Overland Relief Expedition , also called the Alaska Relief Expedition or Point Barrow-Overland Relief Expedition , was an expedition in the winter of 1897-1898 by officers of the United States Revenue Cutter Service to save the lives of 265 whalers trapped in the Arctic Ocean by ice around their ships near Point Barrow , Alaska .

The Overland Expedition , also called the Overland Relief Expedition or Point Barrow-Overland Relief Expedition , was a long trip in 1897-8 , by three officers of the United States Coast Guard ( then named the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service ) , with the help of two civilians , using sled dogs and reindeer to rescue more than 250 whalers trapped in the Arctic Ocean by ice around their ships .


He also recommended $ 2,500 to be disbursed by the United States Secretary of the Treasury to W.T. Lopp , Artisarlook , and the native herders who helped .

... That the sum of $ 2,500 be appropriated to be disbursed by the Secretary of the Treasury in bestowing rewards upon W.T. Lopp , Artisarlook , and native herders , who rendered material aid to the relief expedition .


He viewed the crescent shape of a partially eclipsed sun projected on the ground through the holes in a sieve and through the gaps between the leaves of a plane tree .

He viewed the crescent shape of a partially eclipsed sun projected on the ground through the holes in a sieve , and the gaps between leaves of a plane tree .


The first surviving mention of the principles behind the pinhole camera or camera obscura belongs to Mozi ( 470 to 390 BCE ) , a Chinese philosopher and the founder of Mohism .

The first mention and discovery of the principles behind the pinhole camera , a precursor to the camera obscura , belong to Mozi ( 470 BC to 390 BC ) , a Chinese philosopher and founder of Mohism .


Using mirrors , as in the 18th-century overhead version ( illustrated in the History section below ) , it is possible to project a right-side-up image .

By using mirrors , as in the 18th century overhead version , it is also possible to project a `` right-side-up '' image .


The Greek philosopher Aristotle ( 384 to 322 BCE ) understood the optical principle of the pinhole camera .

Later , Aristotle ( 384 to 322 BC ) understood the optical principle of the pinhole camera .


As the pinhole is made smaller , the image gets sharper , but the projected image becomes dimmer .

As the pinhole is made smaller , the image gets sharper , but the light-sensitivity decreases .


Alhazen ( Ibn al-Haytham ) also gave the first clear description and early analysis and invented the camera obscura and pinhole camera .

Although both the pinhole camera and camera obscura is credited to Ibn al-Haytham , the camera obscura was first described by Aristotle , who was the first to describe how an image is formed on the eye , using the camera obscura as an analogy .


The Wash is the square-mouthed bay and estuary on the northwest margin of East Anglia on the east coast of England , where Norfolk meets Lincolnshire .

The Wash is the square-mouthed estuary on the northwest margin of East Anglia on the east coast of England , `` where Norfolk meets Lincolnshire '' .


It is a large bay with three roughly straight sides meeting at right angles , each about 15 miles ( 25 km ) in length .

It is formed by a large bay with three roughly straight sides meeting at right angles , each about 25 kilometres ( 15 miles ) in length .


The Wash is the large indentation in the coastline of Eastern England that separates the curved coast of East Anglia from Lincolnshire .

It separates the curved coast of East Anglia from Lincolnshire .


The eastern coast of the Wash is entirely within Norfolk , and extends from a point a little north of Hunstanton in the north to the mouth of the River Great Ouse at King 's Lynn in the south .

All the eastern coast of the Wash is in Norfolk , and goes from Hunstanton in the north to the mouth of the River Great Ouse at King 's Lynn in the south .


According to contemporary reports , John traveled from Spalding in Lincolnshire to Bishop 's Lynn , in Norfolk , was taken ill and decided to return .

This is because , according to reports from the time , King John traveled from Spalding in Lincolnshire to Bishop 's Lynn , in Norfolk in the year 1216 .


The southern coast runs roughly northwest-southeast , connects these two river mouths and is punctuated by the mouth of a third river , the River Nene .

In the middle is the mouth of a third river , the River Nene .


While he took the longer route by way of Wisbech , he sent his baggage train , including his crown jewels , along the causeway and ford across the mouth of the Wellstream .

While he took the longer route through Wisbech , he sent his luggage , including his crown jewels , along the seashore and across the mouth of the Wellstream where the water was not deep .


The opposing coast , which is roughly parallel to the east coast , runs from Gibraltar Point to the mouth of the River Welland , all within Lincolnshire .

The coast on the opposite side goes from Gibraltar Point to the mouth of the River Welland and is all in Lincolnshire .


The biodiversity characteristic of each extinction , especially the diversity of fauna and subdominant plant forms , is a function of abiotic factors and the biomass productivity of the dominant vegetation .

The biodiversity characteristic of each biome , especially the diversity of fauna and subdominant plant forms , is a function of abiotic factors and the biomass productivity of the dominant vegetation .


For example , a temperate grassland or shrubland biome is known commonly as steppe in central Asia , prairie in North America , and pampas in South America .

For example , a temperate grassland or shrubland biome is known commonly as steppe in central Asia , savanna or veld in southern Africa , prairie in North America , pampa in South America and outback or scrub in Australia .


A fundamental classification of biomes are : Biomes are often known in English by local names .

A fundamental classification of biomes is into : Biomes are often given local names .


Among the important climatic factors are : The most widely used systems of classifying biomes correspond to latitude ( or temperature zoning ) and humidity .


Biodiversity generally increases away from the poles towards the equator and increases with humidity .

Among the important climatic factors are : Biodiversity generally increases away from the poles towards the equator , and increases with humidity .


In terrestrial biomes , species diversity tends to correlate positively with net primary productivity , moisture availability , and temperature .

Terrestrial biomes with higher net primary productivity , moisture availability , and temperature .


Following centuries of selective breeding , there are now over a thousand different types of potatoes .

There are now many different types of potato .


It has purple skin and flesh , which becomes blue once cooked .

It usually has a brown or pink skin and is white or yellow inside .


This led to a contract with the British songwriters and producers Stock , Aitken & Waterman .

She was signed to a contract by British songwriters and producers Stock , Aitken & Waterman , she got hit records throughout the world .


Minogue 's sister , Dannii Minogue , is also a pop singer as well as a judge on Australia 's Got Talent , while her brother , Brendan Minogue , works as a news cameraman in Australia .

Her sister Dannii Minogue is also a singer and actress , and her brother Brendan works as a cameraman .


Kylie Ann Minogue , OBE ( \ / ˈkaɪliː mɨˈnoʊɡ \ / ; born 28 May 1968 ) , often known simply as Kylie , is an Australian singer , recording artist , songwriter and actress , working and living in London .

Kylie Ann Minogue ( born 28 May 1968 ) is an Australian singer , songwriter and actress .


Her singles were well received , but after four albums her sales were declining , and she left Stock , Aitken & Waterman in 1992 to establish herself as an independent performer .

Her popularity began to decline by the early 1990s and she left Stock , Aitken & Waterman in 1992 .


An example is Sullivan 's use of two flutes , one oboe , two clarinets , one bassoon , two horns , two cornets ( a piston ) , two trombones , drums and strings .

There are five main woodwind instruments : flute , oboe , clarinet , saxophone , and bassoon .


A smaller-sized orchestra for this time period ( of about fifty musicians or fewer ) is called a chamber orchestra .

A large orchestra is sometimes called a `` symphony orchestra '' and a small orchestra is called a `` chamber orchestra '' .


A leading chamber orchestra might employ as many as fifty musicians ; some are much smaller than that .

A symphony orchestra may have about 100 players , while a chamber orchestra may have 30 or 40 players .


Manholes are generally found in urban areas , in streets and occasionally under sidewalks .

Manholes are usually found in urban areas , in streets and sometimes under sidewalks .


In 2004 , Jodie S. Lane was electrocuted after stepping on a metal manhole cover , while walking her dog in New York City .

In 2004 , Jodie S. Lane was electrocuted after stepping on a metal manhole cover .


The manhole opening is protected by a manhole cover ( also known as a `` biscuit '' ) , a flat plug designed to prevent accidental or unauthorized access to the manhole .

The opening is protected by a manhole cover .


A manhole ( alternatively utility hole , cable chamber , maintenance hole , inspection chamber , access chamber or confined space ) is the top opening to an underground utility vault used to house an access point for making connections or performing maintenance on underground and buried public utility and other services including sewers , telephone , electricity , storm drains and gas .

A manhole ( also called a utility hole , cable chamber , maintenance hole , inspection chamber , access chamber or confined space ) is a hole for a person to go into to fix underground services .


The modern bassoon exists in two distinct primary forms , the Buffet system and the Heckel system .

German bassoons use a system called the Heckel system , and French bassoons use the Buffet system .


Buffet instruments are known for a reedier sound and greater facility in the upper registers , reaching e '' and f '' with far greater ease and less air pressure .

The bassoon is known for its reedy sound .


Bassoons are double reed instruments like the oboe and the English horn .


Instead Baldwin joined others in trying to convince the East Frankish king Arnulf to also take the west Frankish crown , but Arnulf declined .

Instead Baldwin joined others in trying to convince the East Frankish king Arnulf to also take the west Frankish crown .


When his attempts to expand further into the upper Somme River valley were opposed by Herbert I , Count of Vermandois Baldwin likewise had him assassinated .

When his attempts to expand further into the upper Somme River valley were opposed by Herbert I , Count of Vermandois Baldwin also had him killed .


He died 10 September 918 at Blandijnberg ( near Ghent ) and was succeeded by his eldest son Arnulf I of Flanders .

Baldwin II died 10 September 918 at Blandinberg ( near Ghent ) and was succeeded by his eldest son Arnulf I of Flanders .


The Robertine Odo , Count of Paris , was elected king but Odo would not support Baldwin 's attempts at gaining control of the abbey of St. Bertin the two fell out and while Odo attacked Baldwin at Bruges he could not prevail .

Odo , Count of Paris , was elected king But Odo did not want Baldwin to gaining control of the abbey of St. Bertin .


As he was a grandson of Charles the Bald , Holy Roman Emperor and King of West Francia , Baldwin could have , but did not , compete for the crown of western Francia .

Because he was a grandson of Charles the Bald , Holy Roman Emperor and King of West Francia , Baldwin was eligible to be king .


By 883 he was forced northward to the flat marshes of the pagus flandransis which became the territory most closely associated with the counts of Flanders from that time on .

By 883 Baldwin was forced northward to the flat marshes of Flanders which became the territory most closely associated with the counts of Flanders from then on .


When the abbey came under the jurisdiction of Archbishop Fulk of Reims in 900 Baldwin had him assassinated .

When control of the abbey was given to Archbishop Fulk of Reims in 900 , Baldwin had him killed .


Baldwin continued his expansion to the south and gained control of Artois including the important abbey of St. Vaast .

He also got control of the important abbey of St. Vaast .


In 888 the west Frankish king Charles the Fat was deposed and there were several candidates for his replacement .

In 888 the west Frankish king Charles the Fat was deposed .


He was the son of Baldwin I of Flanders and Judith , a daughter of Charles the Bald and as such a descendant of Charlemagne .

Born c. 865 he was the son of Baldwin I , Count of Flanders and Judith , a daughter of Charles the Bald .


He married Ælfthryth , a daughter of Alfred the Great , King of England .

So in 884 Baldwin married Ælfthryth , a daughter of King Alfred the Great of England .


One is the first non-zero number in the natural numbers as well as the first odd number in the natural numbers .

One ( 1 ) is a natural number after zero and before two .


Prem Pal Singh Rawat ( Hindi : प्रेम पाल सिंह रावत ) , born on 10 December 1957 , is also known as Maharaji , and formerly was known as Guru Maharaj Ji and Balyogeshwar .

Prem Pal Singh Rawat ( now called Maharaji and in the past called Guru Maharaj Ji and Balyogeshwar ) was born in India on December 10 , 1957 .


Bentley 's first three years in professional football were spent with the Michigan Panthers and Oakland Invaders of the United States Football League .

Bentley 's first three years in professional football were with the Michigan Panthers and Oakland Invaders of the United States Football League .


He later joined the Buffalo Bills , and played six seasons with the team , including their first two Super Bowl years in the 1990s .

He was in their first two Super Bowl years in the 1990s .


Ray Russell Bentley ( born November 25 , 1960 ) is a former professional American football linebacker and broadcaster .

Ray Russell Bentley ( born November 25 , 1960 in Grand Rapids , Michigan ) is a former American football player and current football analyst for ESPN and ESPNU .


The five dwarf planets , in order from the Sun are The dwarf planets , unlike the terrestrial and gas giant planets , populate more than one region of the solar system .


It is suspected that another hundred or so known objects in the Solar System are dwarf planets .

Dwarf planet is the name used to classify some objects in the solar system .


In some cases , for instance the Penny Reds of Great Britain and modern United States plate number coils , the plate numbers appear in the stamps themselves , but the more common practice is to include the number in the margin of each sheet , sometimes alongside the name of the printer .

Sometimes the plate numbers appear in the stamps themselves , but the more common practice is to include the number in the margin of each sheet , frequently alongside the name of the printer .


A plate block is a block of stamps from the edge of the sheet which shows the plate or cylinder from which the stamps were printed .

A plate block is a block of postage stamps that includes the part of the sheet margin with the serial number of the printing plate ( s ) used to print the stamps .


Over the past decade , she has introduced different styles to the ever expanding Turkish pop music scene .

Over the past decade , she has introduced different styles to the ever-expanding Turkish pop music scene .


St. Michael 's Church ( German : Michaelerkirche ) is one of the oldest churches in Vienna , Austria , and also one of its few remaining Romanesque buildings .

St. Michael 's Church ( German : Michaelerkirche ) is a church in Vienna , Austria .


St. Michael 's used to be the parish church of the Imperial Court , when it was called Zum heiligen Michael .

St. Michael 's was the parish church of the Emperors and their families .


Santa Clara ( PSGC : 031423021 ) is one of the twenty-four barangays comprising the municipality of Santa Maria , Bulacan , in the Philippines .

Santa Clara ( PSGC : 031423021 ) is one of the twenty-four barangays composing the municipality of Santa Maria , Bulacan , in the Philippines .


The prevailing climatic conditions in the barangay are categorized into two ( 2 ) types : dry and wet season .

The prevailing climatic conditions in the barangay are categorized into two types : dry and wet season .


It is bordered by Barangay Lalakhan on the south-west , Bagbaguin on the south , Poblacion on the east , Sta .

It is bordered by Barangay Lalakhan on the southwest , Bagbaguin on the south , Poblacion on the east , Sta .


The projected population of the barangay by 2010 is 11,080 with a growth rate of 3.3 % This is the projected population of the barangay by the next few years : Note : This is only a prediction .

The projected population of the barangay by 2010 is 11,080 with a growth rate of 3.3 % This is the projected population of the barangay by the next few years : VISION : A self-reliant , industrialized , commercialized , environment friendly barangay , accessible roads , discipline and morally upright citizenhood and a place where you can say `` I BELONG '' MISSION : `` Discipline and Determination '' by discharging responsible services to the needs of people and continuing communication .


Freedom from Want is the third of a series of four oil paintings entitled Four Freedoms painted by Norman Rockwell .

Freedom from Want is a painting of Norman Rockwell and is one of his series of four paintings called the Four Freedoms .


To Robert Hughes , the painting represents the theme of family continuity , virtue , homeliness and abundance without extravagance in a Puritan tone ( as confirmed by water as the modest beverage choice ) .

Rockwell wanted to portray a family within a theme of continuity , virtue , homeliness and abundance without extravagance , as confirmed by water as the modest beverage choice .


Outside of the United States , this image is commonly perceived as a depiction of American overabundance .

Outside the United States though , the images was explained as an expression of American overabundance .


In 1942 , Rockwell decided to use his Arlington , Vermont neighbors as models for the Four Freedoms series .

He took Vermont neighbors as models for his series .


The same year Wing was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire ( MBE ) in the 2009 Birthday Honours for her services to drama and charity .

The same year Wing was named Member of the Order of the British Empire ( MBE ) in the 2009 Birthday Honours for her services to drama and charity .


She played Grandma in the 2007 film Son of Rambow .

She played Grandma in the 2007 movie Son of Rambow .


In May 2005 she attended the British Soap Awards , where she presented June Brown with a lifetime achievement award for Brown 's portrayal of Dot Branning in EastEnders .

In May 2005 she attended the British Soap Awards , where she presented ( June Brown with a lifetime achievement award for Brown 's portrayal of Dot Branning in EastEnders .


In 2009 , aged 94 , she worked on a short film , Numbers Up , from Guildhall Pictures .

In 2009 , when she was 94 , she worked on a short movie called Numbers Up .


Anna Eva Lydia Catherine Wing , MBE ( 30 October 1914 - 7 July 2013 ) was an English actress who had a long career in television and theater , but was best known for playing Lou Beale , the family matriarch of the Beale and Fowler family in EastEnders .

Anna Eva Lydia Catherine Wing , MBE ( 30 October 1914 - 7 July 2013 ) was an English actress .


Wing is best known for portraying the Beale and Fowler family matriarch Lou Beale on EastEnders from the show 's inception in February 1985 , until the character was killed off in July 1988 .

Wing is best known for playing the Lou Beale on EastEnders from the show 's beginning in February 1985 , until the character was killed off in July 1988 .


In New York Fles found temporary employment as a violinist , painting apartments , selling vacuum cleaners and working for publishers .

In New York Fles first worked as a violinist , painting apartments , selling vacuum cleaners and for publishers .


Barthold Fles ( February 7 , 1902 - December 19 , 1989 ) was a Dutch-American literary agent , author , translator , editor and publisher .

Barthold Fles ( February 7 , 1902 - December 19 , 1989 ) was a Dutch-American who worked as a literary agent , helping writers find publishers to print their books .


Although he had no children of his own , Barthold Fles wrote two juvenile books : Slavonic rhapsody : the life of Antonín Dvořák ( 1948 ) under the pseudonym Jan van Straaten ( Van Straaten being his mother 's maiden name ) , and East Germany ( 1973 ) .

Although he had no children of his own , Barthold Fles wrote two books for kids : Slavonic rhapsody : the life of Antonín Dvořák ( in 1948 ) and East Germany ( in 1973 ) .


Among the translations was another children 's book , Bambi 's Children by Felix Salten .

One of these books , Bambi 's Children by Felix Salten , was also a book for children .


Barthold `` Bart '' Fles was born in Amsterdam into an assimilating Jewish family .

Barthold Fles was born in Amsterdam on February 7 , 1902 .


He did study business at a vocational school and found employment at De Lange publishers .

Barthold found a job at De Lange publishers .


Barthold read in Dutch , German , English , and French , anytime and at a tremendous pace .

Barthold read in Dutch , German , English , and French .


In 1933 he established a literary agency in Manhattan , New York .

In 1933 he started his own business , a literary agency , in Manhattan , New York .


Ruth assisted Barthold at his literary agency .


He also wrote introductions to compilations and many articles and translated several books from German to English .

He also wrote books and articles , edited texts , translated books from German to English , and published poetry books .


In 1986 , at the age of 84 , Fles closed his agency .

In 1986 , when he was 84 years old , Fles stopped working .


His father , Louis Fles , was a successful businessman and an activist against religion .

His father , Louis Fles , thought that it was wrong for Jews and other people to be religious .


Meanwhile , demographic tensions over the Lebanese National Pact led to the Lebanese Civil War ( 1975-1990 ) .

Meanwhile , demographic tensions over the Lebanese National Pact lead to the Lebanese Civil War ( 1975-1990 ) .


The Israeli-Lebanese conflict describes a series of related military clashes involving Israel , Lebanon and Syria , as well as various non-state militias acting from within Lebanon .

The Israeli-Lebanese conflict describes a series of related military clashes involving Israel , Lebanon , and Syria , as well as various non-state militias acting from within Lebanon .


In 1985 , Hezbollah , a Lebanese Shia resistance movement sponsored by Iran , called for armed struggle to end the Israeli occupation of Lebanese territory .

In 1985 , a Lebanese Shi ` te resistance movement sponsored by Iran , calling itself Hezbollah , called for armed struggle to end the Israel occupation of Lebanese territory .


The better-known of these include the Sarbanes-Oxley Act , HIPAA , and SEC 17a-3 .

The more well-known of these include the Sarbanes-Oxley Act , HIPAA , and SEC 17a-3 .


The topic of inappropriate IM use became front page news in October 2006 when U.S. Congressman Mark Foley resigned his seat after admitting sending offensive instant messages of a sexual nature to underage former House pages from his Congressional office PC .

The topic of inappropriate IM use became front page news in October 2006 when Congressman Mark Foley resigned his seat after admitting sending offensive instant messages of a sexual nature to underage former House pages from his Congressional office PC .


In addition to the malicious code threat , the use of instant messaging at work also creates a risk of non-compliance to laws and regulations governing use of electronic communications in businesses .

In addition to the malicious code threat , the use of instant messaging at work also creates a risk of non-compliance to laws and regulations governing the use of electronic communications in businesses .


While the Quantum Link service ran on a Commodore 64 , using only the Commodore 's PETSCII text-graphics , the screen was visually divided into sections and OLMs would appear as a yellow bar saying `` Message From : '' and the name of the sender along with the message across the top of whatever the user was already doing , and presented a list of options for responding .

While the Quantum Link service ran on a Commodore 64 , using only the Commodore 's PETSCII text-graphics , the screen was visually divided up into sections and OLMs would appear as a yellow bar saying `` Message From : '' and the name of the sender along with the message across the top of whatever the user was already doing , and presented a list of options for responding .


Usually , a dedicated corporate IM server has several advantages , such as pre-populated contact lists , integrated authentication , and better security and privacy .

Typically , a dedicated corporate IM server has several advantages such as pre-populated contact lists , integrated authentication , and better security and privacy .


Hackers use two methods of delivering malicious code through IM : delivery of viruses , trojan horses , or spyware within an infected file , and the use of `` socially engineered '' text with a web address that entices the recipient to click on a URL connecting him or her to a website that then downloads malicious code .

Hackers use two methods of delivering malicious code through IM : delivery of virus , trojan , or spyware within an infected file , and the use of `` socially engineered '' text with a web address that entices the recipient to click on a URL that connects him or her to a website that then downloads malicious code .


In response to the demand for business-grade IM and the need to ensure security and legal compliance , a new type of instant messaging , called `` Enterprise Instant Messaging '' ( `` EIM '' ) was created when Lotus Software launched IBM Lotus Sametime in 1998 .

In response to the demand for business-grade IM and the need to ensure security and legal compliance , a new type of instant messaging , called `` Enterprise Instant Messaging '' ( `` EIM '' ) was created when Lotus Software launched Lotus Sametime in 1999 .


The adoption of IM across corporate networks outside of the control of IT organizations creates risks and liabilities for companies who do not effectively manage and support IM use .

The adoption of IM across corporate networks outside of the control of IT organizations creates many risks and liabilities for companies who do not effectively manage and support IM use .


Changes to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure , effective December 1 , 2006 , created a new category for electronic records which may be requested during discovery in legal proceedings .

Recent changes to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure , effective December 1 , 2006 , create a new category for electronic records which may be requested during discovery ( law ) in legal proceedings .


Instant messaging has proven to be similar to personal computers , email , and the World Wide Web , in that its adoption for use as a business communications medium was driven primarily by individual employees using consumer software at work , rather than by formal mandate or provisioning by corporate information technology departments .

Instant messaging has proven to be similar to personal computers , e-mail , and the WWW , in that its adoption for use as a business communications medium was driven primarily by individual employees using consumer software at work , rather than by formal mandate or provisioning by corporate information technology departments .


Both IBM Lotus and Microsoft have introduced federation between their EIM systems and some of the public IM networks so that employees may use one interface to both their internal EIM system and their contacts on AOL , MSN , and Yahoo !

Since then , both IBM Lotus and Microsoft have introduced federation between their EIM systems and some of the public IM networks thus employees may use a single interface to both their internal EIM system and their buddies on AOL , MSN , and Yahoo !


Microsoft followed suit shortly thereafter with Microsoft Exchange Instant Messaging , later created a new platform called Microsoft Office Live Communications Server , and released Office Communications Server 2007 in October 2007 .

Microsoft followed suit shortly thereafter with Microsoft Exchange Instant Messaging , and later created a new platform called Microsoft Office Live Communications Server .


The major IM providers usually cite the need for formal agreements , and security concerns as reasons for making these changes .

The major IM providers typically cite the need for formal agreements as well as security concerns as reasons for making these changes .


This agreement enabled AIM , ICQ and MSN Messenger users to talk with Reuters Messaging counterparts and vice-versa .

This historic agreement enabled AIM , ICQ and MSN Messenger users to talk with Reuters Messaging counterparts and vice-versa against an access fee .


For this reason , in April 2007 , the instant messaging client formerly named Gaim ( or gaim ) announced that they would be renamed `` Pidgin '' .

For this reason , the instant messaging client formerly known as Gaim or gaim announced in April 2007 that they would be renamed `` Pidgin '' .


Separately , on October 13 , 2005 , Microsoft and Yahoo !

Separately , on October 13 , 2005 Microsoft and Yahoo !


Certain networks have made changes to prevent them from being used by such multi-network IM clients .

Some networks have made changes to prevent them from being utilized by such multi-network IM clients .


Some instant messaging companies are also offering desktop sharing , IP radio , and IPTV to the voice and video features .

Some newer instant messaging companies are offering desktop sharing , IP radio , and IPTV to the voice and video features .


In most nations , corporations have a legal responsibility to ensure harassment-free work environment for employees .

In most countries , corporations have a legal responsibility to ensure harassment-free work environment for employees .


An effective attack using a poisoned URL may reach tens of thousands of users in a short period when each user 's contact list receives messages appearing to be from a trusted friend .

An effective attack using a `` poison URL '' may reach tens of thousands of people in minutes when each person 's buddy list receives messages appearing to be from a trusted friend .


Viruses , computer worms , and trojans usually propagate by sending themselves rapidly through the infected user 's contact list .

Viruses , worms , and trojans typically propagate by sending themselves rapidly through the infected user 's buddy list .


Other corporate messaging systems allow registered users to also connect from outside the corporation LAN , by using an encrypted , firewall-friendly , HTTPS-based protocol .

Other corporate messaging systems allow registered users to also connect from outside the corporation LAN , by using a secure firewall-friendly HTTPS based protocol .


Although instant messaging delivers many benefits , it also carries with it certain risks and liabilities , particularly when used in workplaces .

Although instant messaging has many good things , it also has risks and liabilities , especially when used in workplaces .


announced that by the 3rd quarter of 2006 they would interoperate using SIP\/SIMPLE , which was followed , in December 2005 , by the AOL and Google strategic partnership deal in which Google Talk users would be able to communicate with AIM and ICQ users provided they have an AIM account .

announced that by ( the Northern Hemisphere ) summer of 2006 they would interoperate using SIP\/SIMPLE which is followed on December 2005 by the AOL and Google strategic partnership deal where Google Talk users would be able to talk with AIM and ICQ users provided they have an identity at AOL .


Most attempts at producing a unified standard for the major IM providers ( AOL , Yahoo !

Sometimes , companies have tried to make one standard for all major IM providers ( AOL , Yahoo !


XMPP servers could act as gateways to other IM protocols , reducing the need to run multiple clients .

Jabber servers could act as gateways to other IM protocols , reducing the need to run multiple clients .


Web conferencing services can integrate both video calling and instant messaging abilities .

Web conferencing services integrate both video conferencing and instant messaging capabilities .


Most nations also regulate use of electronic messaging and electronic records retention in similar fashion as the United States .

Most countries around the world also regulate the use of electronic messaging and electronic records retention in similar fashion to the United States .


In the latter half of the 1980s and into the early 1990s , the Quantum Link online service for Commodore 64 computers offered user-to-user messages between concurrently connected customers , which they called `` On-Line Messages '' ( or OLM for short ) , and later `` FlashMail . ''

In the last half of the 1980s and into the early 1990s , the Quantum Link online service for Commodore 64 computers offered user-to-user messages between currently connected customers which they called `` On-Line Messages '' ( or OLM for short ) .


AOL later acquired Mirabilis , the authors of ICQ ; a few years later ICQ ( now owned by AOL ) was awarded two patents for instant messaging by the U.S. patent office .

A few years later ICQ ( by now owned by AOL ) was awarded two patents for instant messaging by the U.S. patent office .


As of 2010 , leading EIM platforms include IBM Lotus Sametime , Microsoft Office Communications Server , Jabber XCP and Cisco Unified Presence .

Current leading EIM platforms include IBM Lotus Sametime , Microsoft Office Live Communications Server , and Jabber XCP .


Modern , Internet-wide , GUI-based messaging clients as they are known today , began to take off in the mid-1990s with PowWow , ICQ , and AOL Instant Messenger .

Modern , Internet-wide , GUI-based messaging clients , as they are known today , began to take off in the mid 1990s with ICQ ( 1996 ) being the first , followed by AOL Instant Messenger ( AOL Instant Messenger , 1997 ) .


and AOL agreed to a deal in which Microsoft 's Live Communications Server 2005 users would also have the possibility to talk to public instant messaging users .

and AOL came to a deal where Microsoft 's Live Communication Server 2005 ( which is interestingly also used by Reuters for its Reuters Messaging service ) users would also have the possibility to talk to public instant messaging users .


As such , it could be considered a type of graphical user interface ( GUI ) , albeit much more primitive than the later Unix , Windows and Macintosh based GUI IM software .

As such , it could be considered a sort of GUI , albeit much more primitive than the later Unix , Windows and Macintosh based GUI IM programs .


This allows for communication with friends of friends and for the building of chatrooms for instant messages with all friends on that network .

This allows to communicate to friends of friends and build chatrooms for instant messages with all friends on that network .


Companies implement specialized IM archiving and security products and services to mitigate these risks and provide safe , secure , productive instant messaging abilities to their employees .

Companies implement specialized IM archiving and security products and services like those from Secure Computing , Akonix , Surfcontrol , and ScanSafe to mitigate these risks and provide safe , secure , productive instant messaging capabilities to their employees .


Meanwhile , other companies developed their own applications ( Yahoo , MSN , Excite , Ubique , IBM ) , each with its own proprietary protocol and client ; users therefore had to run multiple client applications if they wished to use more than one of these networks .


It is usually possible to save a text conversation for later reference .

It is possible to save a conversation to read later or look at again .


There have been several attempts to create a unified standard for instant messaging : IETF 's Session Initiation Protocol ( SIP ) and SIP for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions ( SIMPLE ) , Application Exchange ( APEX ) , Instant Messaging and Presence Protocol ( IMPP ) , the open XML-based Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol ( XMPP ) , and Open Mobile Alliance 's Instant Messaging and Presence Service developed specifically for mobile devices .

There have been several attempts to create a unified standard for instant messaging : IETF 's SIP ( Session Initiation Protocol ) and SIMPLE ( SIP for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions ) , APEX ( Application Exchange ) , Prim ( Presence and Instant Messaging Protocol ) , the open XML-based XMPP ( Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol ) , more commonly known as Jabber and OMA 's ( Open Mobile Alliance ) IMPS ( Instant Messaging and Presence Service ) created specifically for mobile devices .


There are two ways to combine the many disparate protocols : Some approaches allow organizations to deploy their own , private instant messaging network by enabling them to restrict access to the server ( often with the IM network entirely behind their firewall ) and administer user permissions .

There are two ways to combine the many disparate protocols : Some approaches , such as that adopted by the Sonork enterprise IM software or the Jabber\/XMPP network or Winpopup LAN Messenger , allow organizations to create their own private instant messaging network by enabling them to limit access to the server ( often with the IM network entirely behind their firewall ) and administer user permissions .


Many instant messaging services offer video calling features , voice over IP and web conferencing services .

Recently , many instant messaging services have begun to offer video conferencing features , Voice Over IP ( VoIP ) and web conferencing services .


Some systems permit messages to be sent to users not then ` logged on ' ( offline messages ) , thus removing some differences between IM and email ( often done by sending the message to the associated email account ) .

However , not all popular systems allow the sending of messages to people not currently logged on ( offline messages ) , thus removing much of the difference between IM and email .


However , while discussions at IETF were stalled , Reuters signed the first inter-service provider connectivity agreement on September 2003 .

However , while discussions at IETF were stalled , Reuters head of collaboration services , David Gurle ( the founder of Microsoft 's Real Time Communication and Collaboration business ) , surprised everybody by signing the first inter-service provider connectivity agreement in September 2003 .


and Microsoft ) have failed , and each continues to use its own proprietary protocol .

These have not worked out , so each still uses its own proprietary protocol .


Early instant messaging programs were primarily real-time text , where characters appeared as they were typed .

Most instant messaging programs have a way to set a status message .


Instant messaging ( IM ) is a type of online chat which offers real-time text transmission over the Internet .

Instant messaging ( IM ) is a way of chatting between two or more people by typing text .


Instant messages are often logged in a local message history , making it similar to the persistent nature of emails .

Instant messages typically are may be logged in a local message history which closes the gap to the persistent nature of e-mails and facilitates quick exchange of information like URLs or document snippets ( which can be unwieldy when communicated via telephone ) .


The Palestinian Territories consist of two distinct areas : the West Bank ( including East Jerusalem ) and the Gaza Strip .

The Palestinian territories is one of a number of names for two separate areas : the West Bank and the Gaza Strip .


In 1993 , following the Oslo Accords , parts of the territories politically came under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian National Authority ( Areas A and B ) .

After the Oslo Accords were signed in 1993 , parts of the territories have been governed by the Palestinian Authority .


In 1980 , Israel annexed East Jerusalem .

In 1980 , Israel made a law to include East Jerusalem as part Israel .


Other entertainment events occasionally held in the Forum include concerts , NBA exhibition games , USF basketball and NCAA Tournament games , tennis , professional wrestling , boxing , figure skating , and rodeos ( as well as stand-alone bull riding events ; the Forum has hosted an event by the PBR 's premier tour , the Bud Light Cup ( renamed Built Ford Tough Series in 2003 ) , annually since 1998 . )

Other entertainment events occasionally held in the Forum include concerts , NBA games , USF Basketball and NCAA Tournament games , tennis , professional wrestling , boxing , figure skating , and rodeos ( as well as stand-alone bull riding events ; the Forum has hosted an event by the PBR 's premier tour , the Bud Light Cup ( renamed Built Ford Tough Series in 2003 ) , annually since 1998 . )


The venue , located in Downtown Tampa 's Channelside District was a secondary location chosen after the failure of Tampa Coliseum Inc. to secure funding to construct an arena on Tampa Sports Authority land near Tampa Stadium .

The arena , located in Downtown Tampa 's Channelside District was a secondary location chosen after the failure of Tampa Coliseum Inc. to secure funding to construct an arena on Tampa Sports Authority land near Tampa Stadium .


The Thunderdome , now Tropicana Field , is currently home to Major League Baseball 's Tampa Bay Rays .

The Thunderdome , now named Tropicana Field , is currently home to Major League Baseball 's Tampa Bay Rays .


The Tampa Bay Times Forum hosted the 2012 Republican National Convention .

The Tampa Bay Times Forum will host the 2012 Republican National Convention .


The building played host to the 1999 NHL All-Star Game , World Wrestling Federation Survivor Series 2000 , and games of the NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament in 2003 , 2008 and 2011 .

The building hosted the 1999 NHL All-Star Game , World Wrestling Federation Survivor Series 2000 , and games of the NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament in 2003 , 2008 and 2011 .


The Forum played host to four of the seven games during the 2004 Stanley Cup Finals , as the Lightning defeated the Calgary Flames four games to three to win their first Stanley Cup .

The Forum hosted 4 of the 7 games during the 2004 Stanley Cup Finals , as the Lightning defeated the Calgary Flames 4 games to 3 to win their first Stanley Cup .


In 2012 , the Tampa Bay Times Forum played host to the NCAA Hockey Frozen Four championship finals ; this was the first time the `` Frozen Four '' was held outside the northern US since 1999 , when the University of Alaska Anchorage hosted the event at the Arrowhead Pond of Anaheim , now the Honda Center , in Anaheim , California .

In 2012 , the Tampa Bay Times Forum hosted the NCAA Men 's Hockey Frozen Four championship finals ; this was the first time the `` Frozen Four '' was held outside the northern US since 1999 , when the University of Alaska Anchorage hosted the event at the Arrowhead Pond of Anaheim , now the Honda Center , in Anaheim , California .


Tampa hosted WWE Extreme Rules on May 1 , 2011 and it was the arena 's first WWE PPV since Survivor Series 2000 in 11 years after they replaced the Amway Center in Orlando , the original location for the event .

Tampa also hosted WWE Extreme Rules on May 1 , 2011 ; it was the arena 's first WWE PPV since Survivor Series 2000 in 11 years as it was originally scheduled to take place at the Amway Center in Orlando .


Naming rights to the Ice Palace were sold to the St. Petersburg Times , a daily newspaper which circulates throughout the Tampa Bay Area .


Prior to the opening of the Ice Palace , the Lightning spent one season at the Expo Hall , and then moved to the Florida Suncoast Dome , which was nicknamed the `` Thunderdome '' , in St. Petersburg , Florida in 1993 .

Prior to the opening of the Ice Palace , the Lightning moved to the Florida Suncoast Dome , which was nicknamed the `` Thunderdome , '' in St. Petersburg , Florida , joining the Tampa Bay Storm , in 1994 .


In 2009 , Britney Spears performed at the Forum to a sold-out crowd during `` The Circus Starring Britney Spears . ''

In 2009 , Britney Spears performed at the Forum for her `` The Circus Starring Britney Spears '' tour .


The current lease agreement ties the arena to the Lightning ownership .

The lease agreement ties the arena to the ownership of the Tampa Bay Lightning .


The Frozen Four was hosted by the University of Alabama in Huntsville , the nearest collegiate hockey team to Florida .

The Frozen Four was hosted by the University of Alabama in Huntsville , the nearest NCAA hockey team to Florida .


In January 2012 , the facility was renamed Tampa Bay Times Forum in keeping with the renaming of the St. Petersburg Times , which has the arena 's naming rights .

In January 2012 , the arena name changed to the current Tampa Bay Times Forum once the newspaper renamed itself the Tampa Bay Times .


Raw hosted their three hour 800th episode celebration on November 3 , 2008 along with the December 21 , 2009 edition where Johnny Damon served as the guest host and the first Raw of 2013 on January 7 featuring the return of The Rock .

WWE held their three hour event inside of the Forum where Raw hosted their 800th episode celebration on November 3 , 2008 .


Jaime Bayly Letts ( born February 19 , 1965 ) is a Peruvian writer , journalist and television personality .

Jaime Bayly Letts ( born February 19 , 1965 ) is a Peruvian writer and journalist .


He has won the Emmy Award 3 times and 2 of his books have been adapted into international movies .


The term fuel oil is also used in a stricter sense to refer only to the heaviest commercial fuel that can be obtained from crude oil i.e. heavier than gasoline and naphtha .

The term fuel oil is also used in a stricter sense to refer only to the heaviest commercial fuel that can be obtained from crude oil , heavier than gasoline and naphtha .


Broadly speaking fuel oil is any liquid petroleum product that is burned in a furnace or boiler for the generation of heat or used in an engine for the generation of power , except oils having a flash point of approximately 40 ° C ( 104 ° F ) and oils burned in cotton or wool-wick burners .

Broadly speaking , fuel oil is any liquid petroleum product that is burned in a furnace or boiler for the generation of heat or used in an engine for the generation of power , except oils having a flash point of approximately +40 ° C and oils burned in cotton or wool-wick burners .


Viscosity also increases with number , and the heaviest oil has to be heated to get it to flow .

Viscosity also increases with fuel oil number and the heaviest oil has to be heated to get it to flow .


Trucks and some cars use similar diesel fuel with a cetane number limit describing the ignition quality of the fuel .

Diesel is different in that it also has a cetane number limit which describes the ignition quality of the fuel .


Number 2 fuel oil is a distillate home heating oil .

No. 1 fuel oil , No. 2 fuel oil ( heating oil ) , and No. 3 fuel oil are referred to as distillate fuel oils , diesel fuel oils , light fuel oils , gasoil or just distillate .


The boiling point and carbon chain length of the fuel increases with fuel oil number .

The boiling point , ranging from 175 to 600 ° C , and carbon chain length , 20 to 70 atoms , of the fuel increases with number .


Jamelia Niela Davis ( born 11 January 1981 ) , best known mononymously as Jamelia , is a British singer-songwriter , model , entertainer , television presenter and actress .

Jamelia Niela Davis ( born 11 January 1981 ) , best known as Jamelia , is a British R&B singer .


Jamelia was signed to Capitol Records at 15 after record producers heard recordings of her self-written a cappella songs that she had made on a karaoke machine .

When she was 15 Jamelia was signed to Capitol Records .


Walk with Me became Jamelia 's second album to receive a BPI certification .

Jamelia 's third album Walk with Me was released in 2006 .


Her professional music career began in 1999 , when she released her debut single , `` So High '' , followed by a more successful single , `` I Do '' .

In 1999 she released her first single , `` So High '' .


She has released three studio albums , each of which has reached the Top 40 in her native UK , which collectively have spawned eight UK top ten singles .


The single became the second consecutive Top 10 effort from the singer 's third album , reaching number 10 in the UK .

Seven singles were released from the album .


The single topped the UK Singles Chart and was certified platinum .

It reached number five in the UK Singles Chart .


Jamelia was born in Hockley , Birmingham in the West Midlands , to single mother Paulette Davis .

Jamelia was born to Jamaican parents in Birmingham .


It became her first Number 1 single in Italy and Spain and was added to non-UK editions of Thank You .

The third single `` Thank You '' reached number two in the UK .


As of 2012 there is no effective vaccine for HIV or AIDS .


Human immunodeficiency virus infection \ / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( HIV\/AIDS ) is a disease of the human immune system caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) .

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( AIDS ) is a syndrome caused by a virus called HIV .


Measures to prevent opportunistic infections are effective in many people with HIV\/AIDS .

Many people with HIV do not know they have it .


Vietnamese vocabulary has borrowings from Chinese , and it formerly used a modified set of Chinese characters called chữ nôm given vernacular pronunciation .

Vietnam once used Chinese characters called Chữ Nôm .


The Vietnamese alphabet ( quốc ngữ ) in use today is a Latin alphabet with additional diacritics for tones , and certain letters .

Today , it uses a Latin alphabet called the National Language ( Quốc Ngữ ) made official by French authority .


Vietnamese ( tiếng Việt ) is the national , official language of Vietnam .

Vietnamese is the official language of Vietnam .


Traditionally , the marbles-playing season started on Ash Wednesday and lasted until midday on Good Friday : playing after that brought bad luck .

Traditionally , the marbles-playing season started on Ash Wednesday and lasted until midday on Good Friday : it was thought playing after that brought bad luck .


The British and World Marbles Championship has been held at Tinsley Green , West Sussex , England , every year since 1932 .

The British and World Marbles Championship have been held at Tinsley Green every year since 1932 .


( Marbles has been played in Tinsley Green and the surrounding area for many centuries : TIME magazine traces its origins to 1588 . )

Marbles has been played in Tinsley Green , West Sussex , England for many centuries : TIME magazine traces its origins to 1588 .


Most commonly , they are about 1\/2 inch to 1 inch ( 1.3 to 2.54 cm ) in diameter , but they may range from less than 1\/30 inch ( 0.111 cm ) to over 3 inches ( 7.75 cm ) , while some art glass marbles for display purposes are over 12 inches ( 30 cm ) wide .

Usually they are about 1\/2 inch to 1 inch ( 1.3 to 2.6 cm ) in diameter , but they may range from less than 1\/30 inch ( 0.111 cm ) to over 3 inches ( 7.75 cm ) .


More than 20 teams from around the world take part in the championship , each Good Friday ; German teams have been successful several times since 2000 , although local teams from Crawley , Copthorne and other Sussex and Surrey villages often take part as well ; the first championship in 1932 was won by Ellen Geary , a young girl from London .

Often , local teams from Crawley , Copthorne and other Sussex and Surrey villages also take part .


In the North of England the objects and the game are called `` taws '' , with larger taws being called bottle washers after the use of a marble in Codd-neck bottles .

In the North of England the objects and the game are sometimes called ` taws ' .


Many of the girls graduating from the school between 1804 and 1812 , when Gråå was principal , became famous in Sweden , and were commonly called `` The Girls of Gråå '' .

Many of the girls graduating from the school between 1804 and 1812 , when Gråå was principal , became famous in Sweden , and were called `` the girls of Gråå '' .


It was said , that she had a rare quality ; she knew her own limitations .

It was said , that she had a rare quality ; she knew her limitations .


In 1813 , she married J.G. Svanberg , a violinist at the royal chapel , and in 1826 she married K.F. Bock , who played the flute in the royal chapel .

In 1813 , she married J.G. Svanberg , who played violin in the royal chapel , and in 1826 she married K.F. Bock , who played the flute in the royal chapel .


She was very well used as an actor and never lacked parts to play , but she was not given main parts .

She was very well used and never lacked parts to play , but she was not given main parts .


Sofia Lovisa Gråå had ben the first woman who was principal of this school alone ( in 1804-1812 ) .

Sofia Lovisa Gråå had ben the first woman who was principal of this school alone , and she was principal in 1804-1812 .


She had a daughter , Bertha Tammelin , who became an actor , singer , composer , musician and a teacher at Dramatens elevskola .

She had a daughter , Bertha Tammelin , who became an actor , singer , composer , musician and a teatcher at Dramatens elevskola .


Karolina Bock was a good teacher , but unlike her own teacher , Sofia Lovisa Gråå , she was very strict and firm with her students , so much so that her students rebelled and had her deposed from her position as principal in 1856 .

Karolina Bock was a good teatcher , but unlike her own teacher , Sofia Lovisa Gråå , she was very strict and firm with her students , so strict that her students rebelled and had her deposed from her position as principal .


She worked there for fifty years , and became one of the most popular actors there , but she never became a star because of the parts she played ; she always played old women in comedies , never heroines and therefore seldom main parts .

But she never became a star because of the parts she played ; she always played old women in comedys , never heroines and main parts .


She continued to work as an actor until 1863 , and was described as a `` theater original '' .

But she continued to work as an actor until 1863 .


She was also the principal for the Dramatens elevskola for two periods ; in 1831-1834 and 1841-1856 .

She also became principal for the famous theatre-school , Dramatens elevskola .


Her most popular parts were in the plays : Min tante Aurore ( Ma tante Aurore ) by Boieldieu , Bildhuggaren , Brodertvisten ( The brother feud ) by Kotzebue , Syrsan dramatisation efter La Petite Fadette by George Sand , Preciosa , Jane Eyre and Mäster Smith ( Master Smith ) .

Her most popular parts were in the plays Min tante Aurore , Bildhuggaren , Brodertvisten , Syrsan , Preciosa , Jane Eyre and Mäster Smith .


She was the 4th woman to be principal for the famous school : Anne Marie Milan Desguillons had been the first in 1793-1800 , but she was principal jointly with her spouse .

Anne Marie Milan Desguillons had ben the first in 1793-1800 , but she was principal together with her husband .


Karolina Sofia Bock née Richter , ( August 28 , 1792 - 1872 ) , was a Swedish dancer , actress and singer .

Karolina Sofia Bock , ( 1792-1872 ) , was a Swedish dancer , actor and singer .


Karolina Bock was rewarded the medal Litteris et Artibus in 1857 .

Karolina Bock was revarded with the medal Litteris et Artibus in 1857 .


The division is named after Sir Henry Parkes , seventh Premier of New South Wales and sometimes known as the ` Father of Federation ' .

It is named after Sir Henry Parkes , seventh Premier of New South Wales and sometimes known as the ` Father of Federation ' .


It also includes the towns of Mudgee , Ilford , Dunedoo , Gulgong , Coonabarabran , Coonamble , Walgett , Narrabri , Moree , Warren , Nyngan , Cobar and Bourke .

It also includes the towns of Mudgee , Dunedoo , Gunnedah , Coonabarabran , Coonamble , Walgett , Narrabri , Moree , Warren , Nyngan , Cobar and Bourke .


The division does not include the namesake town of Parkes .

The division does not include the town of Parkes .


The former Division of Parkes ( 1901-69 ) was located in suburban Sydney , and was not related to this division , except in name .

The first Division of Parkes ( 1901-69 ) was in suburban Sydney .


The largest electorate in the state , it is located in the far north of the state , and adjoining the border with Queensland .

It is located in the far north of the state , next to the border with Queensland .


Cargo aircraft represent a small proportion of the overall air freight market .

A cargo aircraft is an aircraft that can carry cargo .


He was born in Scotland in 1830 and migrated from to Australia as a child with his parents in 1834 , .

He was born in Scotland , and came to Australia with his family in 1834 .


During his career he captained Derby County , and also played for the Welsh national team .


Robert William `` Robbie '' Savage ( born 18 October 1974 ) is a football pundit and former Welsh professional footballer who played predominantly as a midfielder .

Robbie Savage ( born 18 October 1974 ) is a retired football player .


When no one showed any interest , Cave took on the task by himself .

When no one showed any interest , Cave took on the job by himself .


He also obtained a licence from Lewis Paul for 250 spindles for his patent roller-spinning machine , a precursor of the water frame .

He also got permission from Lewis Paul for 250 spindles for his patent roller-spinning machine , an early model of the water frame .


In 1742 he bought Marvel 's Mill at Northampton and converted this to a cotton mill , probably the first water-powered spinning mill in the world .

In 1742 he bought Marvels Mill at Northampton and made this into a cotton mill .


Edward Cave ( 27 February 1691 - 10 January 1754 ) was an English printer , editor and publisher .

Edward Cave , ( February 27 1691 - January 10 1754 ) , was an English printer , editor and publisher .


Cave himself often contributed pieces to the Magazine under the pen name of Sylvanus Urban .

Cave himself often sent in items to the Magazine under the pen name of Sylvanus Urban .


He made use of a large number of contributors , most famously Samuel Johnson , who was always grateful to Cave for having provided his principal employment for many years .

He made use of a lot of writers , the most famous was Samuel Johnson , who was always thankful to Cave for having given him his main job for many years .


He devoted all his energy to the magazine , and rarely left its offices at St John 's Gate , Clerkenwell .

He gave all his energy to the magazine , and hardly ever left its offices at St John 's Gate , Clerkenwell .


The son of a cobbler , Cave was born in Newton near Rugby , Warwickshire and attended Rugby School , but was expelled after being accused of stealing from the headmaster Henry Holyoake .

The son of a cobbler , Cave was born in Newton near Rugby , Warwickshire and attended the grammar school there .


He conceived the idea of a periodical that would cover every topic the educated public was interested in , from commerce to poetry , and tried to convince several London printers and booksellers to take up the idea .

He came up with the idea of a periodical that would cover every subject the educated public was interested in , from commerce to poetry .


The Gentleman 's Magazine was launched in 1731 and soon became the most influential and most imitated periodical of its time .

The Gentleman 's Magazine was started in 1731 and soon became the most important and most copied periodical of its time .


In The Gentleman 's Magazine he created the first general-interest `` magazine '' in the modern sense .

In The Gentleman 's Magazine he made the first general-interest `` magazine '' .


The thou , or mil , is most commonly used in engineering and manufacturing .

The thou is used in engineering and manufacturing mostly .


In 1866 , an attempt to move the district capital to Neunkirchen failed .

The capital of the district was moved to Neunkirchen .


Enrique `` Ricky '' Martín Morales ( born December 24 , 1971 ) , is a Puerto Rican pop musician , actor and author .

Enrique Martín Morales ( born December 24 , 1971 ) , is a Grammy Award and Latin Grammy Award-winning Puerto Rican pop singer .


Blunt 's second studio album , All the Lost Souls , was released on 17 September 2007 in the United Kingdom and one day later in North America .

He released his second album All The Lost Souls , in 2007 .


He has received several awards and nominations , having won two Brit Awards , two MTV Video Music Awards , two Ivor Novello Awards as well as receiving five Grammy Award nominations .

Recording for Linda Perry 's independent American label Custard Records , Blunt won two BRIT Awards and two Ivor Novello Awards , and was nominated for five Grammy Awards in 2006 .


Benedict was the son of Alberic III , Count of Tusculum , and was a nephew of Pope Benedict VIII and Pope John XIX .

He was the nephew of both Pope Benedict VIII and Pope John XIX .


Benedict is usually recognized as having had three terms as pope :

Benedict is usually recognized as having had three terms or reigns as pope Benedict 's first period as pope lasted from 1032 to 1044 when a revolt in Rome forced Benedict out of the city ; and an antipope was elected with the name of Sylvester III .


Hamas is an acronym of the Arabic phrase حركة المقاومة الاسلامية or Harakat al-Muqāwama al-Islāmiyya , meaning `` Islamic Resistance Movement '' .

Hamas is an acronym of the Arabic phrase حركة المقاومة الاسلامية , or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or `` Islamic Resistance Movement '' .


The Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades , the Hamas affiliated military wing , has launched attacks on Israel , against both civilian and military targets .

Hamas is known for its military wing , the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades , which plans and carries out attacks on Israel .


In the January 2006 Palestinian parliamentary elections Hamas won a decisive majority in the Palestinian Parliament , defeating the PLO-affiliated Fatah party .

In early 2006 , Hamas won a clear victory in the vote for the Palestinian parliament .


In the following decades he painted many portraits of the Saudi royal family as well as scenes of Riyadh and Bedouin life .

In the years which followed he painted many portraits of the Saudi royal family and scenes of Riyadh and Bedouin life .


His work is appreciated worldwide , especially in the Middle East where three museums are solely dedicated to his work .

His work is appreciated especially in the Middle East where three museums are solely dedicated to his work .


Eschewing modern trends , Vicari has remained a figurative artist working in oil .

Vicari has always been a figurative artist working in oil .


Andrew Vicari ( born 20 April 1938 ) is a Welsh painter working in France who has established a career painting portraits of the rich and famous .

Andrew Vicari ( born 20 April 1938 ) is a Welsh painter working in France .


Kebab houses are a form of fast food restaurant from the Middle East , especially Turkey and Lebanon .

The restaurants that sell fast food are called `` fast food shops '' or `` fast food restaurants '' .


Elastic collisions occur only if there is no net conversion of kinetic energy into other forms .

Elastic collisions occur only if there is no net conversion of kinetic energy into other forms ( heat , sound ) .


Consider two particles , denoted by subscripts 1 and 2 .

Consider two particles , indicated by subscripts 1 and 2 .


Let m1 and m2 be the masses , u1 and u2 the velocities before collision , and v1 and v2 the velocities after collision .

Let m1 and m2 be the masses , u1 and u2 be the velocities before the collision and v1 and v2 be the velocities after collision .


An elastic collision is an encounter between two bodies in which the total kinetic energy of the two bodies after the encounter is equal to their total kinetic energy before the encounter .

In a perfectly elastic collision ( the simplest case ) , no kinetic energy is lost , and so the kinetic energy of the two objects after the collision is equal to their total kinetic energy before the collision .


The conservation of the total momentum demands that the total momentum before the collision is the same as the total momentum after the collision , and is expressed by the equation Likewise , the conservation of the total kinetic energy is expressed by the equation These equations may be solved directly to find vi when ui are known or vice versa .

The formula for kinetic energy is : So , using the same variables as before : The initial kinetic energy is : The final kinetic energy is : Setting the two to be equal ( since the total kinetic energy remains the same ) : These equations may be solved directly to find vi when ui are known or vice versa .


It is one of the largest single-cell organisms .

It is one of the largest single-celled organisms .


The single-cell organism has forms ranging from spherical to ovoid , and the color varies from grass green to dark green , although in water they may appear to be silver , teal , or even blackish .

The color varies from grass green to dark green ( though in water they may appear to be silver , teal , or even blackish ) .


Reproduction occurs by segregative cell division , where the multinucleic mother cell makes daughter cells , and individual rhizoids form new bubbles , which become separate from the mother cell .

Reproduction occurs by cell division , where the multinucleic mother cell makes daughter cells , which become separate from the mother cell .


Valonia ventricosa typically grow individually , but in rare cases they can grow in groups .

Valonia ventricosa usually grow alone , but sometimes they grow in groups .


The thallus consists of a thin-walled , tough , multinucleic cell with a diameter that ranges typically from 1 to 4 centimetres ( 0.39 to 1.57 in ) although it may achieve a diameter of up to 5.1 centimetres ( 2.0 in ) in rarer cases .

The diameter is usually from 1 to 4 centimetres ( 0.39 to 1.57 in ) although it may get to 5.1 centimetres ( 2.0 in ) in rare cases .


This is determined by the quantity of chloroplasts of the specimen .

This is determined by the number of chloroplasts of the specimen .


They appear in tidal zones of tropical and subtropical areas , like the Caribbean , north through Florida , south to Brazil , and in the Indo-Pacific .

They appear in the littoral zones and continental shelf of tropical and subtropical areas , like the Caribbean , north to Florida , south to Brazil , and in the Indo-Pacific .


The `` bubble '' alga is attached by rhizoids to the substrate fibers .

The `` bubble '' alga is attached to the bottom by fibers : '' ... anchored to a substrate by minute hair-like appendages called rhizoids that create a surprisingly strong hold '' .


Overall , they inhabit virtually every ocean throughout the world , often living in coral rubble .

Overall , they inhabit most oceans in the world , often living in broken coral .


McCartney later said of recording the track , `` When we were recording ` Oh !

McCartney later said , `` When we were recording ` Oh !


Darling '' is a song by The Beatles composed by Paul McCartney ( credited to Lennon-McCartney ) and appearing as the fourth song on the album , Abbey Road , in 1969 .

Darling '' is a song of The Beatles written by Paul McCartney ( credited to Lennon\/McCartney ) and is the fourth song on the Abbey Road album .


After an early attempt at this song on 27 January 1969 during the Let It Be sessions , Lennon announced , `` Just heard that Yoko 's divorce has just gone through '' , after which he and the band burst into an improvised version of the song , substituting `` I 'm free at last '' for a part of the lyric .

After an early attempt at this song on 27 January 1969 during the Let It Be sessions , Lennon announced , `` Just heard that Yoko 's divorce has just gone through '' , after which he and the band burst into an improvised version of the song , singing `` I 'm free at last '' instead of a part of the lyric .


is a motorsport race track standing in the foothills of Mount Fuji , in Oyama , Suntō District , Shizuoka Prefecture , Japan .

is a race track standing in the foothills of Mount Fuji , in Oyama , Suntō District , Shizuoka Prefecture , Japan .


But even with these changes the main feature of the track remained its approximately 1.5 km ( 0.93 mi ) long straight , one of the longest in all of motorsports .

Even with these changes , the main feature of the track remained its long 1.5 km ( 0.93 mi ) straight , one of the longest in all of motorsports .


Toyota also hosts its own historic event a week before the NISMO festival called Toyota Motorsports Festival .

Toyota also hosts its own historic event a week before the NISMO called Toyota Motorsports Festival .


Following both poor ticket sales and even worse weather it was decided by FOM that the FIA Japanese Grand Prix would be shared between Fuji Speedway and Suzuka on alternate years with Suzuka holding the next race on Sunday , October 4 , 2009 .

Following both poor ticket sales and bad weather it was decided by FOM that the Japanese Grand Prix would be shared between Fuji Speedway and Suzuka on alternate years .


As part of the 2003 renovations , most of the old banked section of track was demolished .

As part of the 2003 renovations , most of the old banked section of track was removed .


The circuit hosted its first Formula One championship event in 29 years on September 30 , 2007 .

It hosted its first Formula One championship event in 29 years on 30 September 2007 .


Only a small section remains to this day .


The series has hosted its rounds since 2003 , with the exception of the 2004 closure , the circuit became the first to take place on an international level racetrack and the first of the three to take place on an F1 circuit .

The circuit became the first to take place on an international level racetrack and the first of the three to take place on an F1 circuit .


There was less celebration after the second race in 1977 as Gilles Villeneuve was involved in a crash that killed two spectators on the side of the track , leading to Formula One leaving the speedway .

In 1977 Gilles Villeneuve was involved in a crash that killed two spectators on the side of the track .


Therefore , the track was originally designed to be a 4 km ( 2.5 mi ) high-banked superspeedway , but there was not enough money to complete the project and thus only one of the bankings was ever designed .

The track was designed to be a 4 km ( 2.5 mi ) high-banked superspeedway .


The long pit straight has also been utilised for drag racing .

The long pit straight has also been used for drag racing .


When Japan earned another race on the F1 schedule ten years later , it went to Suzuka instead .

When Japan was added back to the F1 schedule ten years later , it went to Suzuka instead .


Mitsubishi Estate Co. invested in the circuit and took the management right on October 1965 .

Mitsubishi Estate Co. ( a part of Mitsubishi ) invested in the circuit .


The track was reopened on April 10 , 2005 .


The circuit has always hosted the NISMO Festival for historic Nissan racers , since the takeover and refurbishment in 2003 , the event took place at TI Circuit .

The circuit hosts the NISMO Festival for historic Nissan racers .


After the global recession and its own operational deficit , Toyota decided to discontinue the hosting of Japanese Grand Prix since 2010 .

After the global recession and its own financial problems , Toyota decided to stop hosting of Japanese Grand Prix .


Fuji remained a popular sports car racing venue and FIA World Sportscar Championship visited the track between 1982-1988 and it was often used for national races .

FIA World Sportscar Championship visited the track between 1982-1988 .


Originally managed by Mitsubishi Estate Co. , Fuji Speedway was acquired by Toyota Motor Corporation in 2000 .

Fuji Speedway was purchased by Toyota Motor Corporation in 2000 .


NHRA exhibitions were run in 1989 , and in 1993 Shirley Muldowney ran a 5.30 on the quarter-mile strip at Fuji .


In 2003 the circuit was closed down to accommodate a major reprofiling of the track , using a new design from Hermann Tilke .

A new design from Hermann Tilke was used .


Close to the circuit is a drifting course , which was built as part of the refurbishment under the supervision of `` Drift King '' Keiichi Tsuchiya .

Nearby is a drifting course , which was built as part of the refurbishment .


Converted to a road course , the circuit opened in December 1965 and proved to be somewhat dangerous with the banked turn ( named `` Daiichi '' ) regularly resulting in major accidents .

The banked turn was somewhat dangerous , and caused several major accidents .


Pamphlets are very important in marketing as they are cheap to produce and can be distributed easily to customers .

Pamphlets are also very important in marketing as they are cheap to produce and can be distributed easily to customers .


A pamphlet is an unbound booklet ( that is , without a hard cover or binding ) .

A pamphlet is a small book without a hard cover or binding ) .


It may consist of a single sheet of paper that is printed on both sides and folded in half , in thirds , or in fourths ( called a leaflet ) , or it may consist of a few pages that are folded in half and saddle stapled at the crease to make a simple book .

It can be made up of a single sheet of paper that is printed on both sides and folded in half , in thirds , or in fourths ( called a leaflet ) .


In order to count as a pamphlet , UNESCO requires a publication ( other than a periodical ) to have `` at least 5 but not more than 48 pages exclusive of the cover pages '' ; a longer item is a book .

In order to count as a pamphlet , UNESCO requires the pamphlet to have ` at least 5 but not more than 48 pages ' not including the cover page ; a longer item is a book .


Pamphlets can contain anything from information on kitchen appliances to medical information and religious treatises .

Pamphlets can contain anything , it may include information on kitchen appliances , instructions as well as religious and political ideas .


He also wrote comedies , carnival songs , and poetry .

He also wrote comedies , carnival songs , poetry , and some of the best-known personal correspondence in the Italian language .


It is one of the largest examples of Perpendicular Gothic architecture in the West Country .

It is one of the finest and largest examples of Gothic architecture ( Perpendicular style ) in the West of England .


The Abbey Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul , Bath , commonly known as Bath Abbey , is an Anglican parish church and a former Benedictine monastery in Bath , Somerset , England .

Bath Abbey , is an Anglican parish church and an old monastery in Bath , Somerset .


Founded in the 7th century , Bath Abbey was reorganised in the 10th century and rebuilt in the 12th and 16th centuries ; major restoration work was carried out by Sir George Gilbert Scott in the 1860s .

It was founded in the 7th century , reorganised in the 10th century , and rebuilt in the 12th and 16th centuries .


Mount Ararat , which was historically part of Armenia , is the highest mountain in the region .

Mount Ararat used to be part of Armenia .


As of 2007 , Armenia includes 915 communities , of which 49 are considered urban and 866 are considered rural .


Between 1920 and 1991 , Armenia was part of the Soviet Union .

From 1920 to 1991 , Armenia was a member of the Soviet Union .


The climate is highland continental , which means that the country is subjected to hot summers and cold winters .

There are hot summers and cold winters .


Armenia lies between latitudes 38 ° and 42 ° N , and meridians 43 ° and 47 ° E . The Republic of Armenia , covering an area of 29,743 square kilometres ( 11,484 sq mi ) , is located in the north-east of the Armenian Highland .

It covers an area of 29,743 square kilometres ( 11,484 sq mi ) .


The terrain is mostly mountainous , with fast flowing rivers and few forests .

The land is mostly mountains , with fast flowing rivers and few forests .


Now located in Turkey , but clearly visible in Armenia , it is regarded by the Armenians as a symbol of their land .

It is now in Turkey , but clearly visible in Armenia .


Additionally , Yerevan is divided into twelve semi-autonomous districts .

Armenia is divided into ten provinces and the capital city of Yerevan .


The largest Armenian communities outside of Armenia can be found in Russia , France , Iran , the United States , Georgia , Syria , Lebanon , Argentina , Australia , Canada , Greece , Cyprus , Israel , Poland and Ukraine .

Armenia touches Turkey , Georgia , Azerbaijan , and Iran .


It commits each member state to consider an armed attack against one member state to be an armed attack against them all .

The key section of the treaty was Article V which says that each member state has to consider an armed attack against one state to be an armed attack against all states .


The following twelve nations signed the treaty and thus became the founding members of NATO .

The original twelve nations that signed it and thus became the founding members of NATO were the following : Later the following nations joined : When Germany was reunified in 1990 , the country as a whole became a member of NATO .


Earlier secret talks had been held at the Pentagon between 22 March and 1 April 1948 , of which Achilles said : According to Achilles , another important author of the treaty was John D. Hickerson : The treaty was created with an armed attack by the Soviet Union against Western Europe in mind , but the mutual self-defense clause was never invoked during the Cold War .

The treaty was created with an armed attack by the Soviet Union against Western Europe in mind , but the mutual self-defense clause was never used during the Cold War .


The North Atlantic Treaty , signed in Washington , D.C. on 4 April 1949 , is the treaty establishing the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) .

The North Atlantic Treaty is the treaty that founded NATO .


Rather , it was invoked for the first time in 2001 in response to the 11 September 2001 attacks against the World Trade Center and The Pentagon in Operation Eagle Assist .

It was used for the first time in 2001 when the September 11 , 2001 attacks against the World Trade Center and The Pentagon had taken place .


This configuration has since been known as the O'Neill cylinder .

His space station design is known as the O'Neill cylinder .


O'Neill became interested in the idea of space colonization in 1969 while he was teaching freshman physics at Princeton University .

He taught physics at Princeton University .


O'Neill built his first mass driver prototype with professor Henry Kolm in 1976 .

O'Neill built his first mass driver with help from scientist Henry Kolm in 1976 .


While teaching physics at Princeton , O'Neill became interested in the possibility that humans could survive and live in outer space .

While he was teaching , O'Neill became excited about humans living in outer space .


He considered mass drivers critical for extracting the mineral resources of the Moon and asteroids .

Mass drivers were part of his plan to mine the Moon and asteroids .


He was survived by three children , 14 grandchildren , four great-grandchildren and one great-great grandchild .

They had three children and 14 grandchildren .


Dick King-Smith grew up in the West Country , where his family ran several paper mills , and was educated at Beaudesert Park School and Marlborough College .

He was a student at Beaudesert Park School and Marlborough College .


Myrle died in 2000 , and King-Smith subsequently married Zona Bedding , a family friend .

King-Smith then married Zona Bedding , a family friend .


King-Smith 's first book was The Fox Busters , published in 1978 .

King-Smith 's first book was The Fox Busters .


He was a soldier in World War II , serving with the Grenadier Guards in Italy and a farmer for 20 years before he became a teacher and author .

He was a member of the Grenadier Guards in Italy .


King-Smith died at his home near Bath , Somerset , on 4 January 2011 at the age of 88 .

King-Smith died in his home on 4 January 2011 .


He was awarded an Honorary Master of Education degree by the University of the West of England in 1999 and appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) in the 2010 New Year Honours .

He received the Order of the British Empire and an Honorary Master of Education degree .


He is best known for The Sheep-Pig ( 1983 ) , or Babe the Gallant Pig in the US It was adapted as the movie Babe ( 1995 ) and translations have been published in fifteen languages .

This book was called Babe the Gallant Pig in the United States .


Ronald Gordon King-Smith OBE , Hon. MEd ( 27 March 1922 - 4 January 2011 ) , was a prolific English writer of children 's books , primarily using the pen name Dick King-Smith .

Dick King-Smith ( 27 March 1922 - 4 January 2011 ) , was an English author .


He was one of Britain 's most prolific authors and wrote over a hundred books .


Flash and Zarkov distribute the antidote the same way the original Death Dust was spread .

Flash , Dale , and Zarkov distribute an antidote .


Jean Rogers who had played Dale Arden in the two previous Flash Gordon serials was contracted to 20th Century Fox and neither she nor her studio wanted to repeat the Dale Arden role so it was given to a recent Universal contract starlet Carol Hughes .

Jean Rogers had played Dale Arden in the two previous Flash Gordon serials , but did not want to repeat the role .


It was the last of three Flash Gordon serials made from 1936 to 1940 .

It was the last of the three Flash Gordon serials by Universal Pictures .


Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe is a 1940 twelve episode serial film about Flash Gordon .

Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe is a 1940 12-chapter science fiction Flash Gordon movie serial .


Ming sends an army of robot bombs after the three and he succeeds in capturing Zarkov for a short time before Flash frees him .

Ming sends an army of robot bombs after the three .


Ming the Merciless is suspected to be behind the plague and it is discovered that his spaceships have been dropping `` Death Dust '' in the Earth 's atmosphere .

Ming the Merciless causes a plague on Earth .


Before Flash and his team leaves , they kill Ming by locking him in a tower and crashing a rocket ship loaded with Solarite into it .

Flash and friends kill Ming by locking him in a tower , then crashing a rocket ship into it .


Further fusion sub-genres have since emerged , including pop punk , rap rock , and rap metal , as well as conscious attempts to revisit rock 's history , including the garage rock\/post-punk and synthpop revivals at the beginning of the new millennium .

These include pop punk , rap rock , and rap metal , as well as conscious attempts to revisit rock 's history , including the garage rock\/post-punk and synthpop revivals at the beginning of the new millennium .


From the 1990s alternative rock began to dominate rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge , Britpop , and indie rock .

It broke through into the mainstream in the form of grunge , Britpop , and indie rock .


Musically , rock has centered on the electric guitar , usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar and drums .

Musically , rock mostly uses the electric guitar as part of a rock group with bass guitar and drums .


Inheriting the folk tradition of the protest song , rock music has been associated with political activism as well as changes in social attitudes to race , sex and drug use , and is often seen as an expression of youth revolt against adult consumerism and conformity .

It is often seen as an expression of youth revolt against adult consumerism and conformity .


Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of other sub-genres , including new wave , post-punk and eventually the alternative rock movement .

Punk caused other below-genres to come about into the 1980s , including New Wave , post-punk and eventually the alternative rock movement .


New genres that emerged from this scene included progressive rock , which extended the artistic elements ; glam rock , which highlighted showmanship and visual style ; and the diverse and enduring major sub-genre of heavy metal , which emphasized volume , power , and speed .

New genres that came from this scene included progressive rock , glam rock and heavy metal .


Rock music has also embodied and served as the vehicle for cultural and social movements , leading to major sub-cultures including mods and rockers in the UK and the hippie counterculture that spread out from San Francisco in the US in the 1960s .

This led to large sub-cultures including mods and rockers in the UK and the `` hippie '' culture that spread out from San Francisco in the US in the 1960s .


By the late 1960s , referred to as the `` golden age '' or `` classic rock '' period , a number of distinct rock music sub-genres had emerged , including hybrids like blues rock , folk rock , country rock , and jazz-rock fusion , many of which contributed to the development of psychedelic rock , which was influenced by the countercultural psychedelic scene .

These included hybrids like blues rock , folk rock , country rock , and jazz-rock fusion .


Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as blues and folk , and incorporated influences from jazz , classical and other musical sources .

Rock music is related to a number of other genres such as blues and folk .


Similarly , 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures .

Similarly , 1970s punk culture made the goth and emo subcultures .


Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as `` rock and roll '' in the United States in the 1950s , and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later , particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States .

Rock music is a genre of popular music .


It has its roots in 1940s ' and 1950s ' rock and roll , itself heavily influenced by rhythm and blues and country music .

Rock and roll grew out of rhythm and blues and country music .


On 16 October 2009 , Cox was announced as the new lead singer with Manfred Mann 's Earth Band .

On 16 October 2009 , Cox was announced as the new lead singer of Manfred Mann 's Earth Band .


Go West is an English pop duo , formed in 1982 by lead vocalist Peter Cox ( born 17 November 1955 , Kingston , Surrey , England ) ; and rhythm guitarist and backup vocalist Richard Drummie ( born 20 March 1959 , Twickenham , Middlesex , England ) .

They were formed in 1982 by lead singer and drummer Peter Cox ( born 17 November 1955 , Kingston , Surrey , England ) and guitarist and singer Richard Drummie ( born 20 March 1959 , Twickenham , Middlesex , England ) .


A chain is a unit for measuring length .


It measures 66 feet , or 22 yards , or 100 links , or 4 rods ( 20.1168 m ) .

In the Imperial system , one chain is equal to 66 feet or 20.1168 metres .


The chain is not taught in British schools , but has survived for these reasons : The chain also survives as the length of a cricket pitch , being the distance between the stumps .

The length of a cricket pitch is one chain .


In the U.S. a federal law was passed in 1785 ( the Public Land Survey Ordinance ) that all official government surveys must be done with a Gunter 's chain ( also referred to as the `` surveyor 's chain '' ) .

This is also called a Gunter 's chain , surveyor 's chain or land chain .