August Belmont , Sr. ( December 8 , 1813 - November 24 , 1890 ) was an American politician .

August Belmont , Sr. ( 8 December 1813-24 November 1890 ) was born in Alzey , Hesse , to a Jewish family .


In 1837 , Belmont set sail for Havana charged with the Rothschild 's Cuban interests .

In 1837 , Belmont traveled to Havana to manage the Rothschild 's Cuban interests .


He arrived there during the Panic of 1837 and then remained to supervise jeopardized Rothschild interests there instead of continuing on to Havana .

He arrived there during the Panic of 1837 and stayed to look afte Rothschild 's interests there instead of continuing on to Havana .


Seeking to capitalize on divisions in the Republican party at the war 's end , Belmont organized new party gatherings and promoted Salmon Chase for president in 1868 , the candidate he viewed least vulnerable to charges of disloyalty to the party during the Republican Lincoln-Johnson administrations .

The Republican party was divided at the war 's end , so Belmont organized new party gatherings and tried to get Salmon Chase elected president in 1868 .


Horatio Seymour 's electoral defeat in that year paled in comparison to liberal Republican Horace Greeley 's disastrous 1872 presidential campaign .

In 1872 the Democrats supported liberal Republican Horace Greeley 's disastrous presidential campaign .


This gas has an offensive smell like hydrogen sulfide ( rotten eggs ) .

It has a bad smell like hydrogen sulfide .


Because of this difference in the derivation of the word , the expression is sometimes written `` running the gantlet . ''

This is called `` running the gauntlet . ''


To `` throw down the gauntlet '' is to issue a challenge .

If a person says that `` Fred threw down the gauntlet at the committee meeting last night '' , they mean that Fred issued a public challenge at the committee meeting .


Gauntlets are also provided on some motorcyclist 's leather gloves and on snowmobile driver 's nylon mittens .

A gauntlet is a protective covering that is used in some gloves and mittens .


The Poughkeepsie Bridge ( a.k.a. Poughkeepsie Railroad Bridge , Poughkeepsie-Highland Railroad Bridge , High Bridge ) is a steel cantilever bridge spanning the Hudson River between Poughkeepsie , New York on the east bank and Highland , New York on the west bank .

The Poughkeepsie Bridge ( sometimes known as the Poughkeepsie Railroad Bridge or the Poughkeepsie-Highland Railroad Bridge ) is a cantilever bridge over the Hudson River .


It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 , updated in 2008 .

It became part of the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 .


Built as a double track railroad bridge , it was completed on January 1 , 1889 , and went out of service on May 8 , 1974 .

It was built for trains and was completed on January 1 , 1889 .


Knob and tube wiring ( sometimes abbreviated K&T ) was an early standardized method of electrical wiring in buildings , in common use in North America from about 1880 to the 1930s .

Knob and tube wiring ( abbreviated K&T ) was an early type of electrical wiring .


The first insulation was asphalt-saturated cotton cloth , then rubber became common .

The insulation on knob and tube wiring was usually cotton cloth soaked in asphalt .


Knob and tube wiring persisted since it allowed owners to wire a building for electricity at lower cost .

Knob and tube wiring used cloth insulation .


Ceramic tubes were sometimes also used when wires crossed over each other , for protection in case the upper wire were to break and fall on the lower conductor .


She also won a Halloween Costume Contest on October 30 and defeated Jillian Hall in a $ 1,000 match on November 12 .

She won a Halloween Costume Contest on October 30 and defeated Jillian Hall in a $ 1,000 match on November 12 .


Mickie Laree James ( born August 31 , 1979 ) is an American professional wrestler and singer .

Mickie Laree James ( born August 31 , 1979 ) is an American professional wrestler .


She is also the only woman to be involved in Clockwork Orange House of Fun matches .

She is also the only woman to be a part of Clockwork Orange House of Fun matches .


Following a successful title defense on February 5 , James teamed with Super Crazy in a mixed tag team match against Melina and Johnny Nitro .

After this , she teamed with Super Crazy in a mixed tag team match against Melina and Johnny Nitro .


At a house show in Paris , France on April 24 , James won her third Women 's Championship during a Triple Threat match that also involved Victoria .

At a house show in Paris , France on April 24 , James won her third Women 's Championship .


She trained to improve her wrestling abilities by attending training camps such as the Funking Conservatory , a workshop run by Dory Funk , Jr. , and an Extreme Championship Wrestling ( ECW ) dojo .

These places include the Funking Conservatory run by Dory Funk , Jr. and an Extreme Championship Wrestling ( ECW ) dojo .


Their angle continued into September , with Shelly Martinez being added to the storyline to side with Phoenix against Laree .

Shelly Martinez was added to the storyline to side with Phoenix against Laree .


In March , she wrestled in her first match , an intergender tag team match with Jake Damian against American Mike Brown and Candie .

It was an intergender tag team match with Jake Damian against American Mike Brown and Candie .


As Laree , she managed several male wrestlers , including managing Tommy Dreamer to win the KYDA Pro Heavyweight Championship .

This included managing Tommy Dreamer to win the KYDA Pro Heavyweight Championship .


James dropped the title back to Melina , giving her the shortest Women 's Championship reign in WWE history .

This gave her the shortest Women 's Championship reign in WWE history .


Her angle with Stratus continued into Backlash during a rematch after Stratus legitimately dislocated her shoulder when James threw her out of the ring .

The storyline ended at Backlash with a rematch after Stratus legitimately dislocated her shoulder when James threw her out of the ring .


On the November 26 episode of Raw , James defeated Melina in a number one contenders match for Beth Phoenix 's Women 's Championship , setting up a title match between the two at Armageddon , a match in which Phoenix successfully defended her Women 's title .

On the November 26 edition of Raw , James defeated Melina in a number one contenders match for Beth Phoenix 's Women 's Championship .


She was not prominently featured until March 26 , 2003 , when she teamed with Amazing Red as part of his feud against Kid Kash-the X Division Champion-and Trinity .

On March 26 , 2003 , she teamed with Amazing Red against Kid Kash-the X Division Champion-and Trinity .


At Judgment Day James successfully defended her title against Melina and Beth Phoenix in a triple-threat match .

At Judgment Day James successfully defended the Women 's Championship against Phoenix and Melina in a Triple Threat match .


Mickie James debuted in WWE on the October 10 , 2005 episode of Raw , continuing to use her real name , under the gimmick of WWE Women 's Champion Trish Stratus ' biggest fan .

James used the gimmick of WWE Women 's Champion Trish Stratus ' biggest fan .


She also started competing for Maryland Championship Wrestling , where she trained at camps run by Ricky Morton and Bobby Eaton .

While there , she was trained by Ricky Morton and Bobby Eaton .


On the April 14 , 2008 episode of Raw , held in London , Mickie James defeated Beth Phoenix to win her fourth Women 's Championship .

On the April 14 , 2008 edition of Raw , held in London , James defeated Phoenix to win her fourth Women 's Championship .


She made her professional debut on the independent circuit in 1999 as a valet for KYDA Pro Wrestling under the ring name Alexis Laree , a name created as the result of a combination of her stage name from when she was a dancer and her middle name .

Her first work was as a valet for KYDA Pro Wrestling using the ring name Alexis Laree .


She received a push , and she won her first WWE Women 's Championship at WrestleMania 22 , a title she has held a total of five times .

Because of this , she won her first WWE Women 's Championship at WrestleMania 22 .


She began a feud with Beth Phoenix on July 20 after Phoenix interrupted Laree during an interview , setting up a match on July 29 which Laree lost .

Laree began a feud with Beth Phoenix on July 20 .


On March 6 , 2006 , the storyline had Stratus confronting James , telling her that they needed time apart from each other .

On March 6 2006 the storyline had Stratus telling James that they needed time apart from each other .


She trained in several camps to improve her wrestling abilities before working for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( NWA : TNA ) in June 2002 , where she gained national attention .

She trained in several places to get better at wrestling before working for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) in June 2002 .


After two years of sending tapes and making phone calls , as well as wrestling a tryout match with Dawn Marie , James was signed to a developmental contract with World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , who sent her to train at Ohio Valley Wrestling ( OVW ) , their farm territory , in August .

They sent her to train at Ohio Valley Wrestling ( OVW ) .


During the finish of the match James fell from the turnbuckle and landed on her neck , which resulted in a rushed finish .

Near the end of the match , James fell from the turnbuckle .


A fan of professional wrestling from an early age , James attended a professional wrestling school in the Washington , D.C. area at the suggestion of a friend .

James started her training at a professional wrestling school in the Washington , D.C. area .


Since Mickie pinned Victoria , however , and not Melina , Jonathan Coachman announced that a rematch would take place immediately .

However , she did not pin Melina , Jonathan Coachman said that a rematch would take place immediately .


On October 12 , she appeared in OVW under her real name and finished the year on the losing end of matches against Martinez and Jillian Hall .

She finished the year losing matches against Martinez and Jillian Hall .


The angle had the two WWE Divas competing together in tag team matches , with James ' character becoming increasingly obsessed with Stratus .

The storyline had the two WWE Divas wrestling together in tag team matches .


An angle was then created between Mickie James and Melina , beginning on January 29 , 2007 , when Melina became the number one contender for the Women 's Title .

Melina was the number one contender for the Women 's Title at the time .


The storyline feud ended at Survivor Series , where James defeated Lita , in a retirement match , to win her second Women 's Championship .

At the 2006 Survivor Series James defeated Lita to win her second Women 's Championship .


Weeks later , she became the first member of The Gathering , a stable led by Raven in his feud against NWA World Heavyweight Champion Jeff Jarrett .

Weeks later , she became the first member of the Gathering , a stable led by Raven .


On April 16 , Laree became the first ( and thus far , only ) woman to compete in a Clockwork Orange House of Fun match after the Gathering challenged and defeated Jarrett .

On April 16 , Laree became the first ( and currently , only ) woman to wrestle in a Clockwork Orange House of Fun match .


She continued to wrestle with the stable when they feuded with The Disciples of the New Church , taking part in an angle with Father James Mitchell burning her with a fireball and wrestling in another Clockwork Orange House of Fun match before leaving the company .

She continued to wrestle with the Gathering when they feuded with the Disciples of The New Church .


James began her professional wrestling career in 1999 as a valet on the independent circuit , where she was known under the name Alexis Laree .

James started wrestling in 1999 as a valet on the independent circuit using the name Alexis Laree .


James dropped the Women 's Championship to Melina on February 19 and , in continuation of their storyline feud , failed to regain the title during WWE 's first women 's Falls Count Anywhere match .

James lost the Women 's Championship to Melina on February 19 .


Mickie James dropped the Women 's Title on August 14 to Lita after Lita hit James with the title belt .

James lost the Women 's Title on August 14 to Lita .


Due to the low salary of the independent shows , James supplemented her income by working as a waitress at an Olive Garden restaurant , and posing nude for the magazine Leg Show .

Because the independent circuit did not pay enough , James worked as a waitress at an Olive Garden restaurant .


She was released from the company on April 22 , 2010 , after which she returned to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) .

During this time , she also started wrestling in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling .


She even began utilizing Stratus ' signature finishing moves as her own during matches .

She even started using Stratus ' personal finishing moves as her own during matches .


She defeated Victoria and Melina in the qualifying rounds before making it to the finals at Cyber Sunday , where she lost to Lita .

She made it to the finals at Cyber Sunday .


Most `` wild '' horses today , such as the American Mustang or the Australian Brumby , are actually feral horses descended from domesticated animals that escaped and adapted to life in the wild .

Most `` wild '' horses today , such as the American Mustang or the Australian Brumby , are feral horses descended from domesticated animals which escaped and adapted to life in the wild .


In contrast , Przewalski 's horse has never been domesticated and remains a truly wild animal today .

In contrast , Przewalski 's horse has never been successfully domesticated , and remains a truly wild animal today .


Przewalski 's horse is one of three known subspecies of Equus ferus , the others being the domesticated horse , Equus ferus caballus and the extinct tarpan ( Equus ferus ferus ) .

Przewalski 's horse is one of three known subspecies of Equus ferus , the others being the domesticated horse , Equus ferus caballus and the extinct tarpan , Equus ferus ferus .


The Przewalski 's horse is considered the only remaining truly wild horse in the world .

Przewalski 's horse is the only remaining truly wild `` horse '' in the world .


There are still a number of other wild equines , including three species of zebra and various subspecies of the African wild ass , onager ( including the Mongolian wild ass ) , and kiang .

There are still a number of other wild equines , including three species of zebra and various subspecies of the African wild ass , onager ( including the Mongolian wild ass ) and kiang .


Przewalski 's horse can interbreed with the domestic horse and produce fertile offspring ( 65 chromosomes ) .

Although Przewalski 's horse can hybridize with domestic horses to produce fertile offspring , it has an extra pair of chromosomes .


A 2009 molecular study using ancient DNA recovered from archaeological finds like bones and teeth places the Przewalski 's horse in the middle of the domesticated horses , but 2011 mitochondrial DNA analysis suggests that the Przewalski and the modern domestic horse diverged some 160,000 years ago .

`` Mitochondrial DNA research has shown that Przewalski 's horse is not the ancestor of modern domestic horses .


The taxonomic position of Przewalski 's horse has always been problematic and no consensus exists whether it is a full species ( Equus przewalskii ) , a subspecies of the wild horse ( Equus ferus przewalskii ) , or even a sub-population of the horse ( Equus ferus ) .

Przewalski 's horse is a rare and endangered subspecies of the wild horse , Equus ferus .


He currently lives in Brussels , Belgium with his wife , four children , and two adopted nieces .

Rusesabagina currently lives in Brussels , Belgium with his wife , four children and two adopted nieces .


He had been the assistant manager of the Sabena-owned Hôtel des Mille Collines before he became the manager of the Hôtel des Diplomates , both in Rwanda 's capital of Kigali .

Rusesabagina was the assistant manager of the Sabena Hôtel des Mille Collines .


Rusesabagina 's efforts were the basis of the Academy Award-nominated film Hotel Rwanda ( 2004 ) , in which he was portrayed by American actor Don Cheadle .

Rusesabagina 's story was the basis of the Academy Award winning 2004 movie Hotel Rwanda staring Don Cheadle .


Paul Rusesabagina ( born 15 June 1954 ) is the humanitarian Rwandan hotel manager who hid and protected 1,268 Hutu and Tutsi refugees during the Rwandan Genocide .

Paul Rusesabagina ( born 1954 ) is a Rwandan humanitarian .


There are taxi stands at Forum The Shopping Mall , all hotels , Lucky Plaza , Wisma Atria , Ngee Ann City , The Paragon , The Heeren Shops , Centrepoint Shopping Centre and Plaza Singapura .

There are taxi stands at Forum The Shopping Mall , all hotels , Lucky Plaza , Wisma Atria , Ngee Ann City , The Paragon , The Heeren Shops , Centrepoint Shopping Centre , next to Specialists ' Shopping Centre and Plaza Singapura .


Shopping malls along Orchard Road like Lucky Plaza and Liat Towers were affected .

Shopping malls along Orchard Road like Lucky Plaza and Liat Towers were affected by the flood .


The major bus stops along Orchard Road are situated at : Visitors can travel to Orchard Road via taxi .

The major bus stops along Orchard Road are at : Visitors can also travel to Orchard Road via taxi .


Flash floods occurred at the road 's iconic junction with Scotts Road on 16 June 2010 after 100mm of rain fell from 8 am to 11 am , reportedly the worst flood at the junction since 1984 .

Flash floods occurred at the road junction with Scotts Road on 16 June 2010 after 100mm of rain fell from 8 am to 11 am that morning , it is the worst flood at the junction since 1984 .


Since the opening of the ION Orchard , the entrance of the Orchard entrance has been moved underground below the upcoming mall .

However , due to the construction of ION Orchard , the entrance of the Orchard entrance has been moved underground below the upcoming mall .


Orchard Road contains numerous upmarket restaurants , coffee chains , cafés , nightclubs and hotels .

Orchard Road also has many well-known restaurants , coffee chains , cafés , nightclubs and hotels .


There are three major MRT stations in the Orchard Road vicinity .

There are three major MRT stations around Orchard Road .


Rescuers had to pull out about 70 passengers from cars and buses , as flooding shut down Orchard Road .

Rescuers had to pull out about 70 passengers from cars and buses , as flooding closed down Orchard Road , which is lined with high-end shopping malls and tourist attractions .


The flood had caused some shopping mall and car park basements to be submerged .

The flood had caused some shopping mall and underground car parks to be under the water .


These stations are important hubs for commuters , locals , students and tourists who travel to the Orchard Road shopping and business district .

These three stations are important placces for commuters , locals , students and tourists who travel to the Orchard Road shopping and business district .


The first shop of note on Orchard Road was Tangs founded in 1934 and established on Orchard Road in the 1950s .

The first shop was Tangs which was founded in 1932 and got its shop at Orchard Road in the 1950s .


Orchard Road got its name from the nutmeg , pepper and fruit orchards or the plantations that the road led to in the mid-1800s .

Orchard Road got its name from the nutmeg , pepper and fruit orchards that used to grow on both sides of the street .


They are Orchard , Somerset and Dhoby Ghaut .

They are Orchard , Somerset and Dhoby Ghaut stations .


The Istana is at Orchard Road 's southern end .

Orchard Road has the Istana at the southern end of the road , which is the official house for the President of Singapore .


Elsewhere just off Orchard Road on Scotts Road , Scotts Shopping Centre housed Singapore 's first food court , which sat below the Ascott Singapore .

Orchard Road is a place in Singapore that has many shopping centres .


From 1976 to 1984 , he was music director of the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra ( PSO ) and , in turn , had another television series with the PSO entitled Previn and the Pittsburgh .

From 1976 to 1984 , Previn was conductor of the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra ( PSO ) , with whom he made another television series called Previn and the Pittsburgh .


He was also principal conductor of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra from 1985 to 1988 .

He was also principal conductor of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra .


In 1985 , he became music director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic .

In 1985 he became conductor of the Los Angeles Philharmonic , but because of disagreements he resigned in 1989 .


André George Previn , KBE ( \ / ˈprɛvɪn \ / ; born Andreas Ludwig Prewin ; April 6 , 1929 ) is a German-American pianist , conductor , and composer .

André Previn ( born Andreas Ludwig Prewin ; April 6 , 1929 ) is a German-American pianist , conductor , and composer .


André grew up in Los Angeles and became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1943 .

He became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1943 .


In the mid-to-late 1950s , and more recently , Previn toured and recorded as a jazz pianist .

He has also toured and recorded as a jazz pianist .


In 1967 , Previn succeeded John Barbirolli as music director of the Houston Symphony Orchestra .

In 1967 , Previn became conductor of the Houston Symphony Orchestra and in 1968 conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra .


The tentacles are used to gather organic detritus from the water or substrate , and probably also function as gills .

The tentacles are used to gather organic detritus from the water or substrate , and are probably also function as gills .


The Sipuncula or Sipunculida ( common names sipunculid worms or peanut worms ) is a group containing 144-320 species ( estimates vary ) of bilaterally symmetrical , unsegmented marine worms .

The phylum has 144-320 species ( estimates vary ) of these bilaterally symmetrical , unsegmented worms .


The introvert is retractable into the trunk via two pairs of retractor muscles that extend as narrow ribbons from the trunk wall to attachment points in the introvert .

The introvert is retractable into the trunk .


A hut was built on the island in 1820 as a shelter for fishermen and sailors at the instigation of General Le Mesurier ( The Governor ) , but was destroyed during the German occupation of the Channel Islands ( the Wehrmacht used it for target practice during WWII ) .

A hut was built on the island in 1820 as a shelter for fishermen and sailors at the instigation of General Le Mesurier ( The Governor ) , but was destroyed during the German occupation of the Channel Islands ( the Nazis used it for target practice during WWII ) .


Burhou ( pronounced ber-ROO ) is a small island about 1.4 miles ( 2.25 km ) northwest of Alderney that is part of the Channel Islands .

Burhou ( pronounced bu-ROO ) is a small island approximately 1.4 miles ( 2.25 km ) northwest of Alderney that is part of the Channel Islands .


However , signs of human occupation\/visitation are much older .

Signs of human occupation\/visitation are much older .


The island 's wildlife includes a colony of puffins ( declining in numbers ) and many rabbits .

The island 's wildlife includes a colony of puffins ( declining in numbers ) and large numbers of rabbits .


Attempts have been periodically made to raise sheep there .

Attempts have been made to raise sheep there .


As Victor Coysh deduces , this would have meant that there would have been some kind of shelter there , as it would be difficult for the fishermen to take refuge without it .

This would have meant that there would have been some kind of shelter there , as it would be difficult for the fishermen to take refuge without it .


The soil is thin , and spray frequently goes right over the island , ensuring high soil salinity .

The soil is thin , and spray often goes right over the island , so the soil is very salty .


Calgary \ / ˈkælɡ ( ə ) ri \ / is a city in the province of Alberta , Canada .

Calgary is the biggest city in Alberta , Canada .


Calgary has the warmest winters of all the major prairie cities , based on the average nighttime temperatures from December to February .


Later that year he transferred to Phillips Exeter Academy to prepare for college .

Later that year , he was transferred to Phillips Exeter Academy to prepare for college .


He was the first president to recite his inaugural address from memory .

He was also the first President to recite his inaugural address from memory .


Franklin Pierce served as President from March 4 , 1853 , to March 4 , 1857 .


It repealed the Missouri Compromise and reopened the question of slavery in the West .

This act repealed the Missouri Compromise and , in the west , reopened the question of slavery .


Jane Pierce viewed the train accident as a divine punishment for her husband 's pursuit and acceptance of high office .

Jane Pierce thought the train accident was a divine punishment for Franklin 's pursuit and acceptance of high office .


They had three children , all of whom died in childhood : None of the sons lived to see his father become president .

They had three children , all of which died in childhood .


Pro-slavery Border Ruffians , mostly from Missouri , illegally voted in the elections to set up the government , but Pierce recognized it anyway .

Pro-slavery Border Ruffians , mostly from Missouri , illegally voted in a government .


Franklin Pierce was born in a log cabin in Hillsborough , in the northeastern state of New Hampshire , on November 23 , 1804 .

Pierce was born on November 23 , 1804 , in Hillsborough , New Hampshire .


When Free-Staters set up a shadow government , called the Topeka Constitution , Pierce termed their work an act of `` rebellion '' .

Pierce recognized this and called the Topeka Constitution , set up by Free-Staters , as an act of `` rebellion . ''


On November 19 , 1834 , Pierce married Jane Means Appleton ( 1806-63 ) , the daughter of Jesse Appleton , a former president of Bowdoin College .

On November 19 , 1834 , Franklin Pierce married Jane Means Appleton .


The greatest challenge to the country 's equilibrium during the Pierce administration , though , was the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 .

Franklin Pierce 's toughest challenge as President was the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 .


He was unable to steer a steady , prudent course that might have sustained a broad measure of support .

Overall , Franklin Pierce is ranked among the least effective Presidents of the United States , as he was unable to steer a steady , prudent course .


As the first president elected to be born in the 19th century , Pierce chose to affirm his oath of office rather than swear it , becoming the first president to do so ; he placed his hand on a law book rather than on a Bible .

So rather than placing his hands on the Bible , Franklin Pierce placed his hands on a law book .


The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act resulted in so much violence between groups that the territory became known as Bleeding Kansas .

These and more triggered a series of events known as `` Bleeding Kansas '' .


In fall 1820 , Pierce entered Bowdoin College in Brunswick , Maine , one of nineteen freshmen .

That fall , he was sent to Bowdoin College in Brunswick , Maine .


Blizzard named a card after Leeroy Jenkins in their popular online card game Hearthstone : Heroes of Warcraft .

Leeroy Jenkins is the name of someone who was in the game World of Warcraft .


Cable served as Chief Economist for the oil company Royal Dutch Shell from 1995 to 1997 .

He served as Chief Economist for the oil company Shell from 1995 to 1997 .


He was an advisor to the British government and then to the Commonwealth Secretary-General in the 1970s and 1980s .

He was an advisor to the British government and to the Commonwealth Secretary-General in the 1970s and 1980s .


John Vincent `` Vince '' Cable ( born 9 May 1943 ) is a British Liberal Democrat politician who has been the Secretary of State for Business , Innovation and Skills since 2010 and the Member of Parliament for Twickenham since 1997 .

John Vincent `` Vince '' Cable ( born 9 May 1943 in York , England ) is a British politician who is the Secretary of State for Business , Innovation and Skills in the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government .


In the 1970s Cable was active in the Labor Party , becoming a Labor Councillor in Glasgow .

In the 1970 's , Cable was active in the Labor Party and became a Glasgow councillor .


In 1982 he joined the Social Democratic Party - which later joined with the Liberal Party to form the Liberal Democrats - and he unsuccessfully stood for Parliament in the general elections of 1970 , 1983 , 1987 and 1992 before being elected as the MP for Twickenham in 1997 .

However in 1982 , he joined the Social Democratic Party ( SDP ) which would go on to form the Liberal Democrats and he unsuccessfully contested seats in the elections of 1983 , 1987 and 1992 until being elected as the MP for the London constituency of Twickenham in the 1997 general election .


All 38 provinces of the Anglican Communion are autonomous , each with its own primate and governing structure .

All thirty-eight provinces of the Anglican Communion are independent , each with its own primate and governing structure .


The Anglican Communion is an international association of churches consisting of the Church of England and of national and regional Anglican churches in full communion with it .

The Anglican Communion is an association of all Anglican churches in full communion with the Church of England .


With a membership currently estimated at around 80 million members worldwide , the Anglican Communion is the third largest Christian communion in the world , after the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church .

With over seventy seven million members , the Anglican Communion is the third largest communion in the world , after the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Churches .


Some of these churches are known as Anglican , such as the Anglican Church of Canada , due to their historical link to England ( Ecclesia Anglicana means `` English Church '' ) .

Some of these churches are known as Anglican , explicitly recognizing the link to England ( Ecclesia Anglicana means `` Church of England '' ) .


The last Kassite king , Enlil-nadin-ahi , was taken to Susa and imprisoned there , where he also died .

The last Kassite king , Enlil-nadin-ahi , was taken to Susa and imprisoned there , where he died .


Kassites survived as a distinct ethnic group in the mountains of Lorestan ( Luristan ) long after the Kassite state collapsed .

However , Kassites survived as a distinct ethnic group in the mountains of Lorestan long after the Kassite state collapsed .


Kassite kings established trade and diplomacy with Assyria .

Kassite kings established trade and diplomacy with Assyria , Egypt , Elam and the Hittites .


They ruled Babylonia practically without interruption for almost four hundred years - the longest rule by any dynasty in Babylonian history .

They ruled Babylonia almost without interruption for about four hundred years - the longest rule by any dynasty in Babylonian history .


Kassite weights and seals , the packet-identifying and measuring tools of commerce , have been found in as far afield as Thebes in Greece , in southern Armenia , and even in the Uluburun shipwreck off the southern coast of today 's Turkey .

Kassite weights and seals , the tools of trade , have been found in Thebes in Greece , in southern Armenia , and even in a shipwreck off the southern coast of today 's Turkey .


Nippur , the formerly great city , which had been virtually abandoned ca .

Nippur , a formerly great city , had been virtually abandoned .


There were foreign merchants in Babylon and other cities , and Babylonian merchants were active from Egypt ( a major source of Nubian gold ) to Assyria and Anatolia .

Babylonian merchants traded from Egypt ( a source of Nubian gold ) to Assyria and Anatolia .


The Kassite kings maintained control of their realm through a network of provinces administered by governors .

The Kassite kings set up a network of provinces administered by governors .


In fact , under the Kassite government , the governor of Nippur , who took the Sumerian-derived title of Guennakku , ruled as a sort of secondary and lesser king .

Under the Kassite government , the governor of Nippur ruled as a secondary ( lesser ) king .


The prestige of Nippur was enough for a series of 13th century BC Kassite kings to reassume the title ` governor of Nippur ' for themselves .

Some 13th century BC Kassite kings even took the title ` Governor of Nippur ' for themselves .


( Puzur-Ashur III of Assyria and Burna-Buriash I signed a treaty agreeing the border between the two states in the mid 16th Century BC ) , Egypt , Elam , and the Hittites , and the Kassite royal house intermarried with their royal families .

The Kassite royal house intermarried with their royal families .


The Code of Federal Regulations ( 27 CFR ( 4-1-03 Edition ) § 5.37 Alcohol content ) requires that liquor labels must state the percentage of ABV .

US Federal regulation ( CFR 27 5.37 Alcohol Content ) requires that liquor labels state the percentage alcohol by volume ( sometimes abbreviated ABV ) .


Alcohol proof is a measure of how much alcohol ( ethanol ) is contained in an alcoholic beverage .

Alcoholic proof is a measure of how much ethanol there is in an alcoholic drink .


Apple was founded by Steve Jobs , Steve Wozniak , and Ronald Wayne on April 1 , 1976 to develop and sell personal computers .

Apple was started in 1976 by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak .


Testament is an American thrash metal band from Berkeley , California .

Testament is an American thrash metal band from Berkeley , California , formed in 1983 .


In the 31 years since its inception , Testament has had numerous lineup changes , and guitarist Eric Peterson has been the only constant member , although the band currently also features another one of its original members , Alex Skolnick ( guitarist ) .

In the 31 years since its inception , Testament has had numerous lineup changes , and guitarist Eric Peterson has been the only constant member , although the band currently features three original members .


Formed in 1983 under the name Legacy , they are often credited as one of the most popular bands of the 1980s thrash metal scene .

They are often credited as one of the most popular bands of the 1980s thrash metal scene .


New evidence suggests the Moon formed even later , 4.48 ± 0.02 Ga , or 70-110 million years after the start of the Solar System .

New evidence suggests the Moon formed even later , 4.48 ± 0.02 Ga , or 70-110 Ma after the start of the Solar System .


The giant impact hypothesis predicts that the Moon was depleted of metallic material , explaining its abnormal composition .

The giant impact hypothesis thus explains the Moon 's abnormal composition .


The age of Earth is approximately one-third of the age of the universe .

The Earth is about one third the age of the universe .


The history of the Earth concerns the development of the planet Earth from its formation to the present day .

The history of the Earth describes the most important events and fundamental stages in the development of the planet Earth from its formation to the present day .


Nearly all branches of natural science have contributed to the understanding of the main events of the Earth 's past .

Nearly all branches of science have helped us understand the main events of the Earth 's past .


The solar wind of the newly formed T Tauri star cleared out most of the material in the disk that had not already condensed into larger bodies .

As the Sun condensed and heated , nuclear fusion started , and the solar wind cleared out most of the material in the disc , which had not yet condensed , into larger bodies .


Meanwhile , in the outer part of the nebula gravity caused matter to condense around density perturbations and dust particles , and the rest of the protoplanetary disk began separating into rings .

Meanwhile , the rest of the disc began to break up into rings , with gravity causing matter to condense around dust particles .


In this model , the Solar system formed from a large , rotating cloud of interstellar dust and gas called the solar nebula .

It started as a large rotating cloud of dust and gas .


Radiometric dating of these rocks has shown that the Moon is 4.53 ± .01 billion years old , , formed at least 30 million years after the solar system .

Radiometric dating of these rocks has shown the Moon to be 4527 ± 10 million years old , about 30 to 55 million years younger than other bodies in the solar system .


Earth 's only natural satellite , the Moon , is larger relative to its planet than any other satellite in the solar system .

The Earth 's relatively large natural satellite , the Moon , is unique .


By the end of the year , he became a guest in Schober 's lodgings .

He had to leave the Schober 's house and find his own rooms .


He wrote his earliest string quartets for this ensemble .

In the holidays he played string quartets with his two brothers and his father , and he wrote his first string quartets for them to play .


Today , Schubert is ranked among the greatest composers of the early Romantic era and , as such , is one of the most frequently performed composers of the early nineteenth century .

He was the last great composer of the Classical music period , and one of the first of the Romantic period .


Smith also stated that the number of child pornography cases has grown by 150 % per year over the past ten years .

Smith said that the number of child pornography cases grew by 150 % a year every year for the past ten years .


The bill passed the United States House Judiciary Committee on July 28 , 2011 , by a vote of 19-10 .

On July 28 , 2011 the bill was passed by the House Judiciary Committee .


Lamar Smith , however , has defended the data retention requirements present in the bill in stating that , `` Some Internet service providers currently retain these ( IP ) addresses for business purposes .

Lamar Smith , the bill 's sponsor , said that : '' `` Some Internet service providers currently retain these ( IP ) addresses for business purposes .


It was co-sponsored by 25 other House Representatives .

It was co-sponsored by 25 other Representatives of the House .


, a vocal opponent of the bill , presented an amendment to rename the bill the `` Keep Every American 's Digital Data for Submission to the Federal Government Without a Warrant Act . ''

is very against the bill and asked for it to be renamed the `` Keep Every American 's Digital Data for Submission to the Federal Government Without a Warrant Act . ''


The next step for the bill would be a debate in the House of Representatives .

The next step is that the bill will be discussed in the House of Representatives .


A Congressional Budget Office report on the costs of enacting the bill was released on October 12 , 2011 .

On October 12 , 2011 a report on the costs of the bill was released .


This report stated that the cost to the government would be minimal and that the private companies providing Internet services would pay over $ 200 million in costs .

This report said that the cost to the government would be very small and that the internet service companies would have to pay more than $ 200 million .


On October 12 , 2011 a report by the Congressional Budget Office on the financial impact of the bill was released .

Some people have said that the bill will not become a law , but the Congressional Budget Office put out a report on October 12 , 2011 , with the cost of making the changes in the bill .


Immanuel Kant ( German : ( ɪˈmaːnu̯eːl kant ) ; 22 April 1724 - 12 February 1804 ) was a German philosopher who is widely considered to be a central figure of modern philosophy .

Immanuel Kant ( 22 April 1724 - 12 February 1804 ) was a German philosopher .


In his entire life , he never traveled more than ten miles from Königsberg .

In his entire life Kant never traveled more than seventy miles from the city of Königsberg .


In 1770 , at the age of 45 , Kant was finally appointed Professor of Logic and Metaphysics at the University of Königsberg .

Kant was eventually given the Chair of Logic and Metaphysics at the University of Königsberg .


Convergent evolution is a topic touched by many different fields of biology , many of which use slightly different nomenclature .

Convergent evolution is a process in biology .


Surrounding areas and mining camps sprang up as thousands of miners rushed into areas such as Spring Creek , Reedy Creek , Silver Creek , the Nine Mile Creek and the Woolshed increasing the population on the Ovens to around 22,000 .

Gold mining camps started up up as thousands of miners rushed into areas such as Spring Creek , Reedy Creek , Silver Creek , the Nine Mile Creek and the Woolshed .


It had schools , a convent , hotels , a prison with imposing stone walls , a hospital , a mental hospital , court house , police barracks , stage coach companies and a powder magazine .

It had schools , a convent , hotels , a prison with high stone walls , a hospital , a mental hospital , courthouse , police station , stage coach companies and a gunpowder magazine ( building for storing gunpowder ) .


Beechworth Cemetery has a large preserved section of early Chinese miners\/pioneers .

Beechworth Cemetery has a large number of early Chinese miners graves .


The prison , famous for its huge granite walls was known as Castieau 's castle .

The prison , famous for its huge granite walls , was known as Castieau 's Castle .


In its golden days , men and women arrived from , the USA , England , Ireland , Scotland , Wales , and China .

In the gold rush men and women came from the USA , England , Ireland , Scotland , Wales , and China .


Aaron Sherritt and Joe Byrne of the Kelly Gang came from the Woolshed goldmining camp , outside of Beechworth town .

Aaron Sherritt and Joe Byrne of the Kelly Gang came from the Woolshed gold field , near Beechworth .


Unfortunately the rail line was closed in 1977 and dismantled , after 101 years of service .

The rail line was closed in 1977 and the tracks were taken away , after 101 years of service .


Robert O'Hara Burke , leader of the ill-fated Burke and Wills expedition was stationed in Beechworth as Senior Inspector of Police from 1854 to 1857 .

Robert O'Hara Burke , leader of the Burke and Wills expedition was a policeman in Beechworth .


During the first election campaign in 1855 , one candidate , Daniel Cameron , rode a horse shod with solid gold horseshoes .

In the first election in 1855 , one candidate , Daniel Cameron , rode a horse with solid gold horse shoes through the main street .


It was in Beechworth gaol that twenty-one men , suspected Kelly Gang supporters , relatives and other sympathisers were held without trial or evidence for over three months , by the Chief Commissioner of Police Captain Standish , under the Outlawry Act .

They were held without trial or evidence for over 3 months , by the Chief Commissioner of Police , Captain Standish .


( Harvey ) The Burke Museum is located in Loch Street and holds a rich source of primary materials on Beechworth and the surrounding districts golden past .

The Burke Museum is in Loch Street and holds a lot of items on Beechworth and the local area .


George B. Kerferd ( 1836-1889 ) a longtime resident of Beechworth became a Premier of Victoria and was a major participant in ensuring Beechworth had a railway connection to Melbourne .

George B. Kerferd ( 1836-1889 ) lived in Beechworth and became a Premier of Victoria .


At the time , Beechworth was far removed from the center of colonial administration in Melbourne both in distance and time taken to travel .

Beechworth was a long way from the center of colonial government in Melbourne , both in distance and time taken to get there .


The Chinese were not allowed live in Beechworth town and resided on the outskirts .

The Chinese were not allowed live in Beechworth and so they lived on the edge of town .


Another lucky party , said Woods , cleared some 50 pounds ( 23 kg ) 50 lb ( approx .


Source materials include newspapers , photos , artefacts , clothings , paintings , exhibitions , published local histories and unpublished theses on the district and displays dating back to the gold discoveries , early Chinese miners and workings of the 1850s .

They have newspapers , photographs , artifacts , clothings , pictures , books on local history and other papers about the area .


The outlaw Ned Kelly had many links to Beechworth - he spent time in HM Prison Beechworth and fought a famous boxing bout with Isaiah ` Wild '' Wright in the back of a local hotel .

The bushranger Ned Kelly had many links to Beechworth .


Jackson argues that there are two kinds of dualism .

In philosophy there are many kinds of dualism .


Cloud Cult is an experimental indie rock band from Duluth , Minnesota led by singer\/songwriter Craig Minowa .

Cloud Cult is an indie rock band from Minneapolis , Minnesota that is led by singer and songwriter Craig Minowa .


In October 2008 , Cloud Cult was featured in an animated Esurance commercial .

In October of 2008 , the band had a song in an animated Esurance commercial .


Cloud Cult released a new album entitled Feel Good Ghosts ( Tea-Partying Through Tornadoes ) on April 8 , 2008 .

The band 's newest album , Feel Good Ghosts ( Tea-Partying Through Tornadoes ) was released on April 8 , 2008 .


Craig said that this might be the final Cloud Cult album : `` I do n't think there 's going to be another Cloud Cult album for a while .

After the album was released , Craig Minowa said that it might be the last Cloud Cult album ever .


In 1997 , lead singer Craig Minowa formed Earthology Records on his organic farm , powered by geothermal energy and built partially from reclaimed wood and recycled plastic .

In 1997 , Craig Minowa started Earthology Records on his organic farm .


The band is shown playing the song `` Lucky Today '' while floating on clouds .

The band is shown playing their instruments while floating on clouds .


As they began to play live , one of their show 's most distinctive features was the live painting by Connie Minowa and Scott West : over the course of a show they each completed a painting to be auctioned off at the end .

As the band became more popular and started playing live more often , Connie Minowa and Scott West started painting onstage during shows .


A music video was produced for the song , which features a teenage boy , wearing a Slayer t-shirt , watching a montage of a live Megadeth performances and war footage on his living room television set .

Music video was produced for the song , which features a teenage boy , wearing a Slayer t-shirt , watching a montage of a live Megadeth performance and war footage on his living room television set .


The beginning of the video also showed the explosion of the original low-cost skull used on the cover of the previous album , Killing Is My Business ... and Business Is Good !

The beginning of the video also showed the explosion of the original low-cost skull used on the previous album Killing Is My Business ... and Business Is Good !


In 2006 , VH1 ranked `` Peace Sells '' at number 11 on their list of the `` 40 Greatest Metal Songs '' of all time .

VH1 has ranked `` Peace Sells '' at # 11 on their list of the 40 greatest metal songs of all time .


`` Peace Sells '' is a song by the American thrash metal band Megadeth from the 1986 album Peace Sells ... but Who 's Buying ?

`` Peace Sells '' ( sample ( info \* help ) ) is a song by the American thrash metal band Megadeth from the 1986 album Peace Sells ... but Who 's Buying ?


Stalactites and stalagmites can also form on concrete ceilings and floors , although they form much more rapidly there than in the natural cave environment .

Stalactites and stalagmites can also form on concrete ceilings and floors , but they form much more rapidly there than in the natural cave environment .


Stalagmites should normally not be touched , since the rock buildup is formed by minerals precipitating out of the water solution onto the existing surface ; skin oils can alter the surface tension where the mineral water clings or flows , thus affecting the growth of the formation .

Since the rock buildup is formed by minerals solidifying out of the water solution , skin oils can disturb where the mineral water will cling .


Similar to lava stalagmites , ice stalagmites form very quickly within hours or days .

A stalagmite is a form that can be found on the floor of a cave .


A memorial service was held at St. Anselm Church in Ross , California .

She was buried in St. Anselm Church in Ross .


Susan Raab Simonson ( May 1 , 1969 - November 27 , 2006 ) was an American stage actress and theater producer .

Susan Raab ( 1969-November 27 , 2006 ) was an American theater actress and producer .


She died eight months later , aged 37 , in Marin County .

Raab died after her 8-month battle with breast cancer at the age 37 in Marin County .


She married director Eric Simonson in 2004 ; they had one son .

She was married to Oscar-winning director Eric Simonson since 2004 until her death in 2006 .


The session layer controls the dialogues ( connections ) between computers .

The Session layer uses the stable communication system created by the transport layer to create and control conversations ( or sessions ) between two computers .


The Open Systems Interconnection model ( OSI ) is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the internal functions of a communication system by partitioning it into abstraction layers .

The Open Systems Interconnection model ( OSI model ) is a method of thinking of computer networking in terms of abstraction layers .


Some of his early works include the ballet Acis and Galatea ( 1905 ) and The Dying Swan ( 1907 ) , which was a solo dance for Anna Pavlova , choreographed to the music of Le Cygne .

Some of his early works include the ballet Acis and Galatea ( 1905 ) and The Dying Swan ( 1907 ) , which was a solo dance for Anna Pavlova , choreographed to the music of Saint-Saëns ' Le Cygne .


Virtuoso ballet techniques to him were not an end in themselves , but a means of expression .

To him virtuoso ballet techniques were not an end in themselves , but a means of expression .


He moved to Sweden with his family in 1918 and later established his home in New York City , where he founded a ballet school and continued to appear with his wife , Vera Fokina .

He moved to Sweden in 1918 and later established his home in New York City , where he founded a ballet school and continued to appear with his wife , Vera Fokina .


In 1898 , on his 18th birthday , he debuted on the stage of the Imperial Mariinsky Theatre in Paquita , with the Imperial Russian Ballet ( now the Mariinsky Ballet ) .

In 1898 , on his 18th birthday , he debuted on the stage of the Imperial Mariinsky Theatre in Paquita , with the Imperial Russian Ballet .


His best-known works were Chopiniana ( later revised as Les Sylphides ) , Le Carnaval and Le Pavillon d'Armide .

His best known works were Chopiniana ( later revised as Les Sylphides ) , Le Carnaval and Le Pavillon d'Armide .


He presented his reformist ideas to the management of the Imperial theater , but did not win their support .

He presented his reformist ideas to the management of the Imperial theater , but did not get their support .


However , Fokine broke off the collaboration in 1912 , jealous of Diaghilev 's close association with Vaslav Nijinsky .

Fokine broke off the collaboration in 1912 , jealous of Diaghilev 's close relationship with Vaslav Nijinsky .


Therefore , Fokine sought to strip ballets of their artificial miming and outdated costumes .

Therefore , he tried to strip ballets of their artificial miming and outdated costumes .


He also believed that many of the ballets of his time used costuming and mime that did not reflect the themes conveyed in the ballets .

He believed that many of the ballets of his time used costuming and mime which did not reflect the themes of the ballets .


In 1902 , he became a teacher of the ballet school .

In 1902 , he became a teacher with the ballet school .


His pieces are still performed by the leading ballet troupes of the world , the Mariinsky Ballet having performed a retrospective of his works at London 's Covent Garden in late July 2011 .

His pieces are still performed by the leading ballet troupes of the world .


Mikhail Fokine ( a French transliteration Michel Fokine ; English transliteration Mikhail Fokin ; Russian : Михаи́л Миха́йлович Фо́кин , Mikhaíl Mikháylovich Fokín ) ( 23 April ( O.S. 11 April ) 1880 - 22 August 1942 ) was a groundbreaking Russian choreographer and dancer .

Mikhail Fokine ( 23 April ( O.S. 11 April ) 1880 - 22 August 1942 ) was a Russian choreographer and dancer .


In addition , as a choreographer , he initiated a reform that took ballerinas out of their pointe shoes and also experimented with a freer use of the arms and torso .

In addition , as a choreographer , he started a reform that took ballerinas out of their pointe shoes .


Fokine was born in Saint Petersburg , as son of a prosperous , middle-class merchant and at the age of 9 , he was accepted into the Saint Petersburg Imperial Ballet School ( Vaganova Ballet Academy ) .

At the age of nine , he was accepted into the St Petersburg Imperial Ballet School .


His body is buried in Dunfermline Abbey , while his heart was interred in Melrose Abbey .

the Bruce 's body is buried in Dunfermline Abbey , while his heart is buried in Melrose Abbey .


On June 7th , 1329 , Robert the Bruce died .


At the Battle of Bannockburn in June 1314 he defeated a much larger English army under Edward II , confirming the re-establishment of an independent Scottish monarchy .

In 1314 , Robert the Bruce 's army defeated Edward II 's army at the Battle of Bannockburn .


Bruce also married his second wife that year , Elizabeth de Burgh , the daughter of Richard de Burgh , 2nd Earl of Ulster .

She was the daughter of Richard de Burgh , Earl of Ulster Together they had : Robert also had several illegitimate children .


The Irish even crowned Edward Bruce as High King of Ireland in 1316 .

Robert fought with them and made his brother , Edward Bruce , High King of Ireland in 1316 .


Sledge hockey ( known as sled hockey in the United States ) is a sport that was designed to allow participants who have a physical disability to play the game of ice hockey .

Sledge hockey ( known as sled hockey in the United States ) is a sport that is designed to allow players who have a physical disability to play sport .


Ice sledge hockey was invented in the early 1960s in Stockholm , Sweden at a rehabilitation center .

Ice sledge hockey was invented in Sweden in the 1960s at a rehabilitation center .


The sticks for ice sledge hockey players have a blade curved at one end in a manner similar to regular ice hockey , and generally six to eight metal teeth at the opposite end of the blade for maneuvering and propulsion .

On the other side it has six to eight metal teeth for maneuvering and propulsion .


Star Wars : TIE Fighter , a 1994 space flight simulator\/space combat computer game , is the sequel to Star Wars : X-Wing .

Star Wars : TIE Fighter is a space flight simulator game that came out in 1994 .


Wagon trails were cleared further and further west , eventually reaching all the way to the Willamette Valley in Oregon .

The Oregon Trail started in Missouri near the area where Kansas City , Missouri is today and ended in the Willamette Valley in Oregon .


The Late Jurassic is divided into three ages , which correspond with the three ( faunal ) stages of Upper Jurassic rock : During the Late Jurassic epoch , Pangaea broke up into two supercontinents , Laurasia to the north , and Gondwana to the south .

During the Upper Jurassic epoch , Pangaea broke up into two supercontinents , Laurasia to the north , and Gondwana to the south .


The Swedish Social Democratic Party , ( Swedish : Sveriges socialdemokratiska arbetareparti , SAP ; literally , `` Social Democratic Workers ' Party of Sweden '' ) , contesting elections as the Arbetarepartiet-Socialdemokraterna ( ` Workers ' Party - Social Democrats ' ) , usually referred to just as the ` Social Democrats ' ( Socialdemokraterna ) ; is the oldest and largest political party in Sweden , founded in 1889 .

The Swedish Social Democratic Party ( Swedish : Sveriges socialdemokratiska arbetareparti ) was established in 1889 , and is Sweden 's biggest political party .


Suncheon ( Suncheon-si ) is a city in Jeollanam-do , South Korea .


Ellipses are the closed type of conic section : a plane curve that results from the intersection of a cone by a plane .

In geometry , an ellipse is a plane curve which results from the intersection of a cone by a plane in a way that produces a closed curve .


For example , the orbits of planets are ellipses with the Sun at one of the focal points .

The orbits of the planets are ellipses , with the sun at one focus and nothing at the other .


It is the fifth element in Group 2 , a soft silvery metallic alkaline earth metal .

Barium is part of a group of elements known as the alkaline earth metals .


Volatile barium compounds burn with a green to pale green flame , which is an efficient test to detect a barium compound .

Barium compounds put out a greenish flame when heated red-hot .


The metal has been historically used to scavenge air in vacuum tubes .

Barium is used to remove oxygen from cathode ray tubes and vacuum tubes .


Barium compounds are added to fireworks to impart a green color .

Other barium compounds have several other uses .


Barium is a chemical element with symbol Ba and atomic number 56 .

Barium is chemical element 56 on the periodic table .


Its hydroxide was known in pre-modern history as baryta ; this substance does not occur as a mineral , but can be prepared by heating barium carbonate .

Barium sulfate can be used as a pigment , too .


Barium hydroxide ( `` baryta '' ) was known to alchemists who produced it by heating barium carbonate .

Barium sulfate is well known because it does not dissolve in water or acids .


Sterkfontein alone has produced more than a third of early hominid fossils ever found prior to 2010 .

Sterkfontein alone has produced more than a third of early hominid fossils ever found .


The find helped corroborate the 1924 discovery of the juvenile Australopithecus africanus skull , `` Taung Child '' , by Raymond Dart , at Taung in the North West Province of South Africa , where excavations still continue .

The find followed the 1924 discovery of the juvenile Australopithecus africanus skull , ` Taung Child ' , by Raymond Dart , at Taung in the North West Province of South Africa , where excavations still continue .


The name Cradle of Humankind reflects the fact that the site has produced a large number , as well as some of the oldest , hominin fossils ever found , some dating back as far as 3.5 million years ago .

The name Cradle of Humankind reflects the fact that the site has produced a large number , as well as some of the oldest , hominid fossils ever found , some dating back as far as 3.5 million years ago .


Coordinates : 25 ° 58 ′ 02 ″ S 27 ° 39 ′ 45 ″ E \ / 25.96716 ° S 27.66245 ° E \ / -25.96716 ; 27.66245 The Cradle of Humankind is a World Heritage Site first named by UNESCO in 1999 , about 50 kilometres northwest of Johannesburg , South Africa in the Gauteng province .

Coordinates : 25 ° 58 ′ 02 ″ S 27 ° 39 ′ 45 ″ E \ / 25.96716 ° S 27.66245 ° E \ / -25.96716 ; 27.66245 The Cradle of Humankind is a World Heritage Site .


This site currently occupies 47,000 hectares ( 180 sq mi ) ; it contains a complex of limestone caves , including the Sterkfontein Caves , where the 2.3-million year-old fossil Australopithecus africanus ( nicknamed `` Mrs. Ples '' ) was found in 1947 by Dr. Robert Broom and John T. Robinson .

A 2.3-million year-old fossil Australopithecus africanus ( nicknamed ` Mrs. Ples ' ) was found in 1947 by Robert Broom and John T. Robinson .


Willie Nelson was born in Abbott , Texas on April 29 , 1933 , during the Great Depression , to Myrle Marie ( née Greenhaw ) and Ira Doyle Nelson .

Willie Nelson was born in Abbott , Texas on April 29 , 1933 , during the Great Depression to Myrle Marie ( née Greenhaw ) and Ira Doyle Nelson .


Nelson is a major liberal activist and the co-chair of the advisory board of the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws , which is in favor of marijuana legalization .

Nelson is the co-chair of the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws ( NORML ) advisory board .


During battle , the Runaways mainly fight in their street clothes and call each other by their given names .

During battle , the runaways mainly fight in their street clothes and call each other by their given names or nicknames .


During a battle with Swarm , Nico semi-sarcastically tells Victor the team 's rallying call is `` Try not to die '' .

when Nico tells Victor that the team 's rallying call is `` Try not to die . ''


Created by Brian K. Vaughan and Adrian Alphona , the series debuted in July of 2003 as part of Marvel Comics ' `` Tsunami '' imprint .

Runaways is a Marvel Comics comic book series created by Brian K. Vaughan and Adrian Alphona .


Other Marvel characters in the Marvel Universe usually refer to the nameless team as `` the Pride 's kids '' or `` those kids in L.A. '' Vaughan even mocks the notion of superhero catchphrases such as `` Hulk smash ! ''

Other Marvel characters usually call the team `` the Pride 's kids '' or `` those kids in L.A. '' Vaughan even makes fun of common superhero sayings such as `` Hulk smash ! ''


The series does not use concepts of regular superhero behavior , such as aliases , uniforms , and team names .

The series is not usual in that it does not use the ideas of superhero names , uniforms , and team names .


Runaways is a comic book series published by Marvel Comics .

Runaways was started in 2002 as part of Marvel Comics ' `` Tsunami '' imprint .


The series had been canceled in September 2004 at issue eighteen , but due to high numbers of trade collection sales , Marvel revived the series in February 2005 .

In September 2004 , the series ended at issue # 18 .


The championship was introduced on the January 23 , 2013 edition of NXT where it was announced by special guest Shawn Michaels that there would be a tournament to crown the first new champions .

The title was introduced by special guest Shawn Michaels on the January 23 , 2013 edition of NXT .


The NXT Tag Team Championship is a professional wrestling tag team championship owned by WWE and is competed for exclusively in WWE NXT , WWE 's developmental territory .

The NXT Tag Team Championship is a professional wrestling championship in the WWE .


The Decemberists are an indie folk rock band from Portland , Oregon , United States , fronted by singer\/songwriter\/guitarist Colin Meloy .

The Decemberists are a rock band from Portland , Oregon .


The band also draws inspiration from British and Irish folk music .


Colin Meloy has said the group will take a multi-year hiatus once the touring cycle for The King Is Dead ends .

Lead singer Colin Meloy has stated that he has an interest in literature , especially from the Victorian era .


Arthur Grumiaux ( 21 March 1921-16 October 1986 ) was a Belgian violinist who was also proficient in piano .

Arthur Grumiaux ( 21 March 1921-16 October 1986 ) was a Belgian violinist who was also good at the piano .


Grumiaux was left with a professional and personal loss when she died from a fall at a train station , en route to a concert with him .

Grumiaux was left with a professional and personal loss when she died from a fall at a train station , on the way to a concert with him .


On occasion , the two would switch instruments for a different perspective and relationship .

Sometimes the two would switch instruments for a different perspective and relationship .


He received his first few major awards prior to reaching the age of 20 ; he took the Henri Vieuxtemps and François Prume prizes in 1939 , and received the Prix de Virtuosité from the Belgian government in 1940 .

He took the Henry Vieuxtemps and François Prume prizes in 1939 , and the Prix de Virtuosité from the Belgian government in 1940 .


His debuts were made in Belgium with the Brussels Philharmonic Orchestra playing Mendelssohn 's concerto , and in Britain with the BBC Symphony Orchestra in 1945 .

His debut was made in Belgium with the Brussels Philharmonic Orchestra .


During this time he also studied privately in Paris with the famous Romanian violinist George Enescu , Yehudi Menuhin 's teacher .

During this time he also studied composition privately in Paris with the famous Romanian violinist George Enescu .


Despite a struggle with diabetes , Grumiaux continued a rigorous schedule of recording and concert performances , primarily in Western Europe , until a sudden stroke in Brussels took his life in 1986 at the age of 65 .

Despite a struggle with diabetes , Grumiaux continued a schedule of recording and concert performances , mostly in Western Europe .


Grumiaux 's successful performance career led up to royal recognition , and in 1973 he was knighted baron by King Baudouin for his services to music , thus sharing the title with Paganini .

In 1973 he was knighted baron by King Baudouin for his services to music .


The island has a natural park ( Parc Naturel Régional de Corse , Parcu di Corsica ) , which protects rare animal and plant species .

The island has a natural park ( Parc Naturel Régional de Corse ) , which protects thousands of rare animal and plant species .


Much of the coastal lowlands have been cleared for agriculture , grazing and logging , which have reduced the forests considerably .

Much of the coastal lowlands has been cleared for agriculture , which has reduced the mountain forests considerably .


It is located west of Italy , southeast of the French mainland , and north of the Italian island of Sardinia .

It is west of Italy , southeast of France , and north of the island of Sardinia .


The Park was created in 1972 and includes the Golfe de Porto , the Scandola Nature Reserve ( a UNESCO World Heritage Site ) , and some of the highest mountains on the island .

The park was created in 1972 and includes the Golfe de Porto , the Réserve Naturelle de Scandola ( a UNESCO World Heritage Site ) , and some of the highest mountains on the island .


Corsica is referred to as a `` région '' in common speech , and is almost always listed among the other régions of France .

Corsica is referred to as a `` région '' .


The native Corsican language is recognized as a regional language by the French government .

The native Corsican language is closer to Italian than French , but both come from Latin .


They are medium to large sized owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces .

They are medium to large sized owls with large heads and heart-shaped faces .


Barn-owls ( family Tytonidae ) are one of the two families of owls , the other being the true owls , Strigidae .

Barn-owls ( family Tytonidae ) are one of the two families of owls .


The barn-owls ' main characteristic is the heart-shaped facial disc , formed by stiff feathers which serve to amplify and locate the source of sounds when hunting .

The barn-owls ' main characteristic is the heart-shaped facial disc , formed by stiff feathers .


The fossil record of the barn-owls goes back to the Eocene , with the family eventually losing ground to the true owls after the radiation of rodents and owls during the Neogene epoch .

The fossil record of the barn-owls goes back to the Eocene .


The barn owls are a wide ranging family , although they are absent from northern North America , Saharan Africa and large areas of Asia .

They are not found in northern North America , Saharan Africa and large areas of Asia .


Further adaptations in the wing feathers eliminate sound caused by flying , aiding both the hearing of the owl listening for hidden prey and keeping the prey unaware of the owl .

Adaptations to the wing feathers eliminate sound caused by flying .


Days earlier , on 6 May 1997 , Lawless had inadvertently exposed her breasts as she concluded a performance of the US national anthem at an NHL hockey game in Anaheim , California between the Mighty Ducks and Detroit Red Wings .

Days earlier on 6 May 1997 , Lawless inadvertently exposed a breast as she concluded a performance of the US national anthem at an NHL hockey game in Anaheim , California between the Mighty Ducks and Detroit Red Wings .


In 1997 , Lawless was named one of the `` 50 Most Beautiful People in the World '' by People Weekly Magazine .

In 1997 , Lawless was named one of the `` 50 Most Beautiful People in the World '' by People magazine .


From 2005 to 2009 , she had a recurring role in the television series Battlestar Galactica .

From 2005 to 2008 , Lawless has had a recurring role in the television series Battlestar Galactica .


Lawless appeared as D'Anna Biers , a reporter with the Fleet News Service who worked on a critical documentary about the crew of the Galactica and was later revealed to be a Cylon ( Number Three ) .

She portrays D'Anna Biers , a reporter with the Fleet News Service who works on a critical documentary about the crew of the Galactica and is later revealed to be a Cylon .


Lawless first appeared on Broadway in September 1997 in the Grease revival , as the `` bad girl '' character , Betty Rizzo .

Lawless first appeared on Broadway in September 1997 in the Grease play remake , as the `` bad girl '' Rizzo character .


She has continued to pursue a career in singing after being a contestant on Celebrity Duets .

Since her role as Xena , Lawless has pursued a new career in singing after being a contestant on Celebrity Duets .


She attended Marist College , New Zealand .

Lawless began acting in secondary school , attending Marist College , New Zealand , in Mount Albert .


The popularity of the bel canto style as espoused by Rossini , Donizetti and Bellini faded in Italy during the mid-19th century .

The operas of Rossini , Bellini and Donizetti need bel canto singing .


As generally understood today , the term `` bel canto '' refers to the Italian-originated vocal style that prevailed throughout most of Europe during the 18th century and lingered in a less elaborate but still dominant form until around 1840 .

The term `` bel canto '' was not used at the time .


From 1982 to 1983 , Krugman spent a year working at the Reagan White House as a staff member of the Council of Economic Advisers .

From 1982 to 1983 , he spent a year working at the Reagan White House as a staff member of the Council of Economic Advisers .


Krugman was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences ( informally the Nobel Prize in Economics ) , the sole recipient for 2008 .

The Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to Krugman in 2008 .


Living in an urban environment during childhood or as an adult has consistently been found to increase the risk of schizophrenia by a factor of two , even after taking into account drug use , ethnic group , and size of social group .

Living in an urban environment during childhood or as an adult has consistently been found to increase the risk of schizophrenia by a factor of two .


Other factors that play an important role include social isolation and immigration related to social adversity , racial discrimination , family dysfunction , unemployment , and poor housing conditions .

Other factors that play an important role include whether the person feels socially isolated , as well as social adversity , racial discrimination , failures in family functioning , unemployment , and poor housing conditions .


The greatest risk for developing schizophrenia is having a first-degree relative with the disease ( risk is 6.5 % ) ; more than 40 % of monozygotic twins of those with schizophrenia are also affected .

The greatest risk ( 6.5 percent ) for developing schizophrenia is having a first-degree relative with the condition .


Factors such as hypoxia and infection , or stress and malnutrition in the mother during fetal development , may result in a slight increase in the risk of schizophrenia later in life .

Pre-birth factors Factors such as oxygen deprivation , infection , or stress and lack of healthy foods in one 's mother during pregnancy , might result in a slight increase in the risk of schizophrenia later in life .


About half of those with schizophrenia use drugs or alcohol excessively .

About half of those people who have schizophrenia use drugs or alcohol excessively possibly as coping mechanisms to deal with depression , anxiety , boredom , or loneliness .


People with schizophrenia are likely to have additional conditions , including major depression and anxiety disorders ; the lifetime occurrence of substance use disorder is almost 50 % .

People with schizophrenia might also have other mental health disorders , including depression , anxiety and drug abuse .


Those who go on to develop schizophrenia may experience transient or self-limiting psychotic symptoms and the non-specific symptoms of social withdrawal , irritability , dysphoria , and clumsiness during the prodromal phase .

During the pre-onset phase , people who go on to develop schizophrenia might have brief or self-limiting serious or violent symptoms , as well as the non-specific symptoms of social withdrawal , annoyance , a general feeling of extreme unhappiness , and clumsiness .


Express kidnappings , where individuals are abducted and forced to withdraw funds from automated teller machines to secure their release , are common in major cities including Rio de Janeiro , São Paulo , Brasília , Curitiba , Porto Alegre , Salvador and Recife .

Express kidnappings , where individuals are taken and forced to withdraw money from automated teller machines , are common in major cities including Rio de Janeiro , São Paulo , Brasília , Curitiba , Porto Alegre , Salvador and Recife .


It is believed that most life-threatening crime in Brazil can be traced back to drug trade and alcoholism .

It is believed that most life-threatening crime in Brazil is linked to drug trade and alcoholism .


Arms and marijuana employed by criminals are mostly locally-produced .

Arms and marijuana used by criminals are mostly locally-produced .


Thieves operate in outdoor markets , in hotels and on public transport .

Thieves work in outdoor markets , in hotels and on public transport .


Brazil is a heavy importer of cocaine , as well as part of the international drug routes .


According to most sources , Brazil possesses high rates of violent crimes , such as murders and robberies ; depending on what source you believe , the homicide rate is 22 or 27 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants according to either the police or the health ministry .

According to most sources , Brazil has high rates of violent crimes , such as murders and robberies .


Crime in Brazil involves an elevated incidence of violent and non-violent crimes .

Crime in Brazil has had an increase in violent and non-violent crimes .


The group continued with their second album titled Haciendo Historia .

The group made a second album titled Haciendo Historia .


Since a young age , he started presenting himself in talent shows and other musical activities .

Since a young age , he started performing in talent shows and other musical activities .


These included hits like `` Colegiala '' and `` Frente a Frente '' , among others .

It had hits like `` Colegiala '' and `` Frente a Frente '' .


Manny Manuel was born in the mountain town of Orocovis , Puerto Rico .

Manuel was born on the mountain town of Orocovis , Puerto Rico .


He later joined the group Tempo Merenguero , and subsequently became a vocalist and choreographer for the merengue duo of Mayra y Celinés .

He later became a singer and choreographer for the merengue duo of Mayra y Celinés .


Several months later , he released his first solo album titled Rey de Corazones .


After recording these two albums with Los Sabrosos , Manuel decided to pursue a solo career .

After making these two albums with Los Sabrosos , Manuel chose to have a solo career .


After the success of the song , the group released their first album , Sin Fronteras , featuring Manuel prominently in the lyrics .

After the success of the song , the group released their first album , Sin Fronteras .


Cruz Manuel Hernández Santiago ( born December 1 , 1972 ) , known artistically as Manny Manuel , is a Puerto Rican singer of merengue , boleros , and tropical music .

Cruz Manuel Hernández Santiago ( born December 1 , 1972 ) , known by his stage name of Manny Manuel , is a Puerto Rican singer .


The album even included a cover version of Rocío Dúrcal 's song `` Te Amo '' .

The album included a cover version of Rocío Durcal 's song `` Te Amo '' .


He became famous first as a member of the group Los Sabrosos del Merengue , before launching a successful solo career in 1994 .

He first became well known as a member of the group Los Sabrosos del Merengue .


In June 1994 , Manuel left the group and on October 1 of the same year debuted as a solo artist .

In June of 1994 , Manuel left the group .


With the success of the album , on November , 1995 , Manuel presented himself at the Luis A. Ferré Performing Arts Center selling out six shows .

With the success of the album , on November , 1995 , Manuel performed at the Luis A. Ferré Performing Arts Center .


After several years , Manuel joined the group Los Sabrosos del Merengue , debuting with the hit song `` Fiera Callada '' .

After several years , Manuel joined the group Los Sabrosos del Merengue .


She is the author of Je suis morte et je n'ai rein appris ( `` I am dead and I learned nothing '' ; Éditions Albin Michel ) relating to hazing in university studies .

Graduate from École nationale de l'aviation civile ( `` French civil aviation university '' ; promotion 1993 ) , she is the author of Je suis morte et je n'ai rien appris ( `` I am dead and I learned nothing '' ; Éditions Albin Michel ) about hazing in university studies .


The Higgs mechanism is generally accepted as an important ingredient in the Standard Model of particle physics , without which certain particles would have no mass .

The Higgs mechanism is generally accepted as an important part of the Standard Model of particle physics , without which particles would have no mass .


Peter Ware Higgs CH FRS FRSE ( born 29 May 1929 ) is a Scottish theoretical physicist , Nobel Prize laureate and emeritus professor at the University of Edinburgh .

Peter Ware Higgs CH FRS FRSE ( born Newcastle upon Tyne , 29 May 1929 ) is an English theoretical physicist , and emeritus professor at the University of Edinburgh .


Higgs was appointed to the Order of the Companions of Honour in the 2013 New Year Honours .

Higgs was appointed to the Order of the Companions of Honour in 2013 .


CERN announced on 4 July 2012 that they had experimentally established the existence of a Higgs-like boson , but further work is needed to analyze its properties and see if it has the properties expected from the Standard Model Higgs boson .

On 4 July 2012 , CERN announced they had found a new particle much like the Higgs boson in experiments , but that more work was necessary to analyze its properties and see if it had the properties expected from the Standard Model Higgs boson .


Higgs has been honored with a number of awards in recognition of his work , including the 1981 Hughes Medal from the Royal Society , the 1984 Rutherford Medal from the Institute of Physics , the 1997 Dirac Medal and Prize for outstanding contributions to theoretical physics from the Institute of Physics , the 1997 High Energy and Particle Physics Prize by the European Physical Society , the 2004 Wolf Prize in Physics , the 2009 Oskar Klein Memorial Lecture medal from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , the 2010 American Physical Society J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics and a unique Higgs Medal from the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2012 .

These include the 1997 Dirac Medal and Prize for outstanding contributions to theoretical physics , the 2004 Wolf Prize in Physics , and the 2010 Sakurai Prize .


This so-called Higgs mechanism , which was proposed by several physicists besides Higgs at about the same time , predicts the existence of a new particle , the Higgs boson ( which was often described as `` the most sought-after particle in modern physics '' ) .

It proposes the existence of a new particle , the Higgs boson .


He is best known for his 1960s proposal of broken symmetry in electroweak theory , explaining the origin of mass of elementary particles in general and of the W and Z bosons in particular .

This explains the origin of mass of elementary particles in general .


Nicola Sturgeon ( born 19 July 1970 ) is a Scottish National Party ( SNP ) politician who has been the Deputy First Minister of Scotland since 2007 and the Depute Leader of the SNP since 2004 .

Nicola Sturgeon ( born 19 July 1970 in Irvine , Scotland ) is a Scottish politician .


Your browser saves bandwidth by saving parts of web pages , usually to your hard drive , in a system known as cache .

Your web browser saves bandwidth by saving parts of a website into a local cache ( usually to the hard drive of your computer ) .


This church had been built over the small shrine believed to mark the burial place of St. Peter .

This church had been built over a small `` shrine '' ( little chapel ) believed to mark the burial place of St. Peter .


On either side is an angel , one gazing in rapt adoration and the other looking towards the viewer in welcome .

On either side is an angel , one gazing in adoration and the other looking towards the viewer in welcome .


Sangallo 's main practical contribution was to strengthen Bramante 's piers which had begun to crack .

The main job that he did was to strengthen Bramante 's piers which had begun to crack .


On 23 December 1950 , in his pre-Christmas radio broadcast to the world , Pope Pius XII announced the discovery of Saint Peter 's tomb .

On December 23 , 1950 , while making his Christmas radio broadcast to the world , Pope Pius XII announced that Saint Peter 's tomb had been discovered .


Michelangelo wrote `` I undertake this only for the love of God and in honor of the Apostle . ''

Michelangelo wrote : `` I am only doing this for the love of God and to honor of the Apostle . ''


Bernini 's final work for St. Peter 's , undertaken in 1676 , was the decoration of the Chapel of the Sacrament .

Bernini 's last work for St. Peter 's , 1676 , was to decorate of the Chapel of the Sacrament .


Sangallo and Fra Giocondo both died in 1515 , Bramante himself having died the previous year .

Sangallo and Fr Giocondo both died in 1515 .


It contained a very large number of burials and memorials , including those of most of the popes from St. Peter to the 15th century .

The old basilica contained a very large number of tombs and memorials , including those of most of the popes from St. Peter to the 15th century .


St. Peter 's Basilica is one of four Papal Basilicas or Major Basilicas of Rome the others being the Basilica of St. John Lateran , Santa Maria Maggiore and St. Paul outside the Walls .

The basilicas are St. Peter 's Basilica , St. John Lateran , Santa Maria Maggiore and St. Paul outside the Walls .


To hold the sacramental Host , he designed a miniature version in gilt bronze of Bramante 's Tempietto , the little chapel that marks the place of the death of St. Peter .

He designed a miniature version of Bramante 's Tempietto , and made it in gilt bronze .


Peter 's grave was initially marked simply by a red rock , symbolic of his name .

Peter 's grave was marked , by a red rock , the symbol of his name .


When Pope Julius died in 1513 , Bramante was replaced with Giuliano da Sangallo , Fra Giocondo and Raphael .

When Pope Julius died in 1513 , the next pope , Leo X , called in three architects , Giuliano da Sangallo , Fra Giocondo and Raphael .


By Catholic tradition , the basilica is the burial site of its namesake Saint Peter , one of the twelve apostles of Jesus and , also according to tradition , the first Pope and Bishop of Rome .

In Catholic tradition , St. Peter 's Basilica is believed to be the burial place of Saint Peter , who was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus .


In 1527 Rome was sacked and plundered by Emperor Charles V. Peruzzi died in 1536 without his plan being realized .

Then in 1527 Rome was invaded by Emperor Charles V. Peruzzi died in 1536 without his plan being built .


It had to be strong enough to support the tallest dome in the world .


St. Peter 's Basilica ( Latin : Basilica Sancti Petri ; Italian : Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano ) is a Late Renaissance church located within Vatican City .

St. Peter 's Basilica , which is called in Italian `` Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano '' , is a large church in the Vatican City , in Rome , Italy .


It was the design of Donato Bramante that was selected , and for which the foundation stone was laid in 1506 .

When Pope Julius decided to build the `` grandest church in Christendom '' the design by Donato Bramante was chosen , and Pope Julius laid the foundation stone in 1506 .


He is to be regarded as the principal designer of a large part of the building as it stands today , and as bringing the construction to a point where it could be carried through .

He is the main designer of the building as it stands today .


The chair was enshrined in its new home with great celebration of 16 January 1666 .

There was a great celebration when the chair was put in place on January 16 , 1666 .


The dome of the Pantheon stands on a circular wall with no entrances or windows except a single door .

The Pantheon 's dome stands on a round wall like a drum , with only one doorway in it , but Bramante 's dome was designed to stand on a drum , which was standing high up on four wide arches .


Bernini 's first work at St. Peter 's was to design the baldacchino , a pavilion-like structure 30 metres ( 98 ft ) tall and claimed to be the largest piece of bronze in the world , which stands beneath the dome and above the altar .

Bernini 's first work at St. Peter 's was to design the `` baldacchino '' which is like a tent or `` pavilion '' above the High Altar .


Construction of the present basilica , replacing the Old St. Peter 's Basilica of the 4th century AD , began on 18 April 1506 and was completed on 18 November 1626 .

The building that stands here now was begun on April 18 , 1506 and was finished in 1626 .


On the balconies Bernini created showcases , framed by the eight ancient twisted columns , to display the four most precious relics of the basilica : the spear of Longinus , said to have pierced the side of Christ , the veil of Veronica , with the miraculous image of the face of Christ , a fragment of the True Cross discovered in Jerusalem by Constantine 's mother , Helena , and a relic of St. Andrew , the brother of St. Peter .

The basilica owns some precious relics : a piece of the True Cross of Jesus , a veil that a woman wiped the face of Jesus with , while he was carrying the cross , the spear that was used to pierce Jesus side , and the bones of St. Andrew , the brother of St. Peter .


He commissioned work on the old building from Leone Battista Alberti and Bernardo Rossellino and also had Rossellino design a plan for an entirely new basilica , or an extreme modification of the old .

Pope Nicholas V , ( 1447-55 ) , was worried about it and got two architects , Leone Battista Alberti and Bernardo Rossellino , to make plans to restore it or build a new one .


The main difference between Bramante 's design and that of the Pantheon is that where the dome of the Pantheon is supported by a continuous wall , that of the new basilica was to be supported only on four large piers .

But there was one very big difference between the Pantheon dome and Bramante 's design .


At this point Antonio da Sangallo the Younger submitted a plan which combines features of Peruzzi , Raphael and Bramante in its design and extends the building into a short nave with a wide façade and portico of dynamic projection .

Antonio da Sangallo ( known as `` Sangallo the Younger '' ) looked at all the different plans by Peruzzi , Raphael and Bramante .


The National Youth Orchestra of Great Britain ( NYO ) is an orchestra of 165 young musicians from the United Kingdom .

The National Youth Orchestra of Great Britain ( NYO ) is an orchestra for young musicians in the United Kingdom .


Every year they play in a Promenade Concert in the Royal Albert Hall to celebrate young British talent .

Every year they play in a Promenade Concert in the Royal Albert Hall .


Ruth Railton ( later Dame Ruth King ) founded the National Youth Orchestra in 1948 .

The National Youth Orchestra was started in 1947 by Ruth Railton ( later Dame Ruth King ) .


The players are selected by auditions which take place in the autumn each year at various locations in the country .

These auditions take place in the autumn in several towns in Britain .


Mammary intercourse is a sex act , performed as foreplay or as non-penetrative sex , that involves the stimulation of the male penis by the female breasts and vice versa .


Sal Cinquemani of Slant magazine wrote , Perry 's `` lead single ' I Kissed a Girl ' features a throbbing beat and an infectious , bi-curious hook , but its self-satisfied , in-your-face posturing rings phony in comparison to the expertly constructed ambiguities of ` Justify My Love ' or practically anything in the first decade of Ani DiFranco 's catalog ; it 's like a tween version of DiFranco 's tortured bisexual confession ` Light of Some Kind ' '' .

Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine wrote , Perry 's `` lead single ' I Kissed a Girl ' features a throbbing beat and an infectious , bi-curious hook , but its self-satisfied , in-your-face posturing rings phony in comparison to the expertly constructed ambiguities of ` Justify My Love ' or practically anything in the first decade of Ani DiFranco 's catalogue ; it 's like a tween version of DiFranco 's tortured bisexual confession ` Light of Some Kind . ' ''


... When this tune is playing and my son and daughter are dancing , I will be trying to dance along , or trying to acknowledge that they may one day dance to the beat of a different drummer than me '' .

... When this tune is playing and my son and daughter are dancing , I will be trying to dance along , or trying to acknowledge that they may one day dance to the beat of a different drummer than me . ''


AllMusic praises `` the stomping Gary Glitter beat '' before criticizing the producers for turning it `` into a leaden stumble and burying Perry 's voice underneath Pro Tools overdubs so it all winds up as a faceless wash of sound designed to be placed in TV shows , movie trailers , and malls '' .

AllMusic praises `` the stomping Gary Glitter beat '' before criticizing the producers for turning it `` into a leaden stumble and burying Perry 's voice underneath Pro Tools overdubs so it all winds up as a faceless wash of sound designed to be placed in TV shows , movie trailers , and malls . ''


Adam Holz of PluggedinOnline , a division of Focus on the Family , wrote an article entitled `` A Tale of Two Katys '' about the singer 's image transformation from a Contemporary Christian music artist to one of the `` girls gone wild '' .

Adam Holz of PluggedinOnline , a division of Focus on the Family , wrote an article entitled `` A Tale of Two Katys '' about the singer 's image transformation from a Contemporary Christian Music artiste to one of the `` girls gone wild '' .


MomLogic.com writer Vuv-A-Licious agrees , asking `` What 's the big deal ?

MomLogic.com writer Vuv-A-Licious agrees , asking , '' ` What 's the big deal ? '


Slant Magazine agreed , saying the song `` is n't problematic because it promotes homosexuality , but because its appropriation of the gay lifestyle exists for the sole purpose of garnering attention - both from Perry 's boyfriend and her audience '' .

Slant Magazine agrees , saying , the song , `` is n't problematic because it promotes homosexuality , but because its appropriation of the gay lifestyle exists for the sole purpose of garnering attention-both from Perry 's boyfriend and her audience . ''


He criticizes the song for being the latest , `` high-profile message to young women and men that our sexuality is a malleable commodity that can be reshaped at will '' .

He criticizes the song for being the latest , `` high-profile message to young women and men that our sexuality is a malleable commodity that can be reshaped at will . ''


Though the Toronto Star describes it as `` a lesbian-friendly tune '' , whether homophobia fuels negative reactions to the song or the song itself appears to divide critics .

Though the Toronto Star , of Canada , describes it as `` a lesbian-friendly tune , '' whether anti-gay bias fuels negative reactions to the song or the song itself appears to divide critics .


It 's not even half as good as Jill Sobule 's song ' I Kissed a Girl ' '' .

It 's not even half as good as Jill Sobule 's song ' I Kissed a Girl ' . ''


Glitterati Gossip agrees Sobule 's song `` was ten times better , because there was actual emotional content to her lyrics '' .

Glitterati Gossip agrees Sobule 's song `` was ten times better , because there was actual emotional content to her lyrics . ''


However , Rolling Stone magazine , while giving her album 2\/5 stars , described the song as a `` New Wave-y club single '' , saying the supposedly rebellious `` attention-grabbing '' lyrics are `` a vanilla recounting of her chick-on-chick exploits '' and that this `` acting out '' is `` just to get a dude 's attention '' .

However , Rolling Stone , while giving her album 2\/5 stars , despite describing the song as a `` New Wave-y club single , '' says the supposedly rebellious `` attention-grabbing '' lyrics are `` a vanilla recounting of her chick-on-chick exploits '' and that this `` acting out '' is `` just to get a dude 's attention . ''


When asked about her own sexuality , Perry told Santa Barbara magazine `` I like to kiss boys , but there is no doubt in my mind if Angelina Jolie or Gisele Bündchen came a callin ' , who would n't pucker up ? ''

Regarding the question of her own sexuality that the song has raised , Perry told Santa Barbara magazine ( which featured her on the cover ) , `` I like to kiss boys , but there is no doubt in my mind if Angelina Jolie or Gisele Bündchen came a callin ' , who would n't pucker up ? ''


AllMusic concluded `` the problem is not with Katy 's gender-bending , it 's that her heart is n't in it ; she 's just using it to get her places , so she sinks to crass , craven depths '' .

While Haffner , who holds a degree in public health , believes Perry `` obviously is using the whole issue of sexual orientation in a positive way , raising awareness , or she 's doing it because it gets attention , '' AllMusic concludes that , `` the problem is not with Katy 's gender-bending , it 's that her heart is n't in it ; she 's just using it to get her places , so she sinks to crass , craven depths . ''


Holz also argues that Perry 's message carries with it `` no need to worry about who might get used or objectified in the process '' , causing Perry to live `` down to a damaging , demeaning stereotype '' .

Holz also argues that Perry 's message carries with it , `` no need to worry about who might get used or objectified in the process , '' causing Katy to live , `` down to a damaging , demeaning stereotype . ''


`` I Kissed a Girl '' is a song by American singer-songwriter Katy Perry for her second studio album , One of the Boys ( 2008 ) .

`` I Kissed a Girl '' is the first single by pop singer Katy Perry from her album One of the Boys ( 2008 ) , produced by Dr. Luke .


It topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart for seven consecutive weeks , becoming the 1,000 th number-one song of the rock era .

On June 26 , 2008 , the song topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart , becoming the 1000th chart-topper of the Rock Era .


Slant and other critics suggest that Perry may be homophobic , especially given her single `` Ur So Gay '' , which makes `` I Kissed a Girl '' seem like `` a classic example of the ` Guys kissing is gross , girls kissing is hot ' line of thought , '' which promotes hypersexualization of queer women and demonization of queer men .

While Slant and other critics suggest that Perry may be homophobic , especially given her single `` Ur So Gay '' , which makes `` I Kissed a Girl '' seem like `` a classic example of the ` Guys kissing is gross , girls kissing is hot ' line of thought '' The Star Ledger quotes a listener who proposes that negative reactions to the song are due to homophobia , saying that it would not draw disapproval if sung by a male artist , and who compares the level of explicitness in the lyrics with other songs on the radio such as rap lyrics .


The accompanying music video for the song was released on May 16 , 2008 .

A music video for the song was released on May 16 , 2008 , on Perry 's personal website and on MySpace .


Blogcritics Magazine called it `` an instantly catchy number '' .

Blogcritics Magazine called it `` an instantly catchy number , '' and About.com said , `` fueled by an instrumental wallop provided courtesy of producer Dr. Luke , ' I Kissed a Girl ' is the perfect breakthrough . ''


The video , directed by Kinga Burza , features Perry in a setting inspired by burlesque and Moulin Rouge styles .

The video was directed by Kinga Burza and features a Moulin Rouge and burlesque-type setting with scenes containing Katy , along with many other flamboyantly-dressed women , dancing to the song .


On the morning of August 20 , 2012 , Diller died from natural causes in her Brentwood , Los Angeles , California , home at the age of 95 , with `` a smile on her face '' according to her family .

Diller died on August 20 , 2012 in her home in Los Angeles , California from natural causes , she was 95 years old .


She was the partner of Robert P. Hastings from 1985 until his death on May 23 , 1996 .

She had a partner Robert P. Hastings from c. 1985 until his death in 1996 .