The earliest version of the CRT was invented by the German physicist Ferdinand Braun in 1897 and is also known as the Braun tube .

The cathode ray tube or CRT was invented by Karl Ferdinand Braun .


The following is a list of the 730 communes of the Moselle department of France .

The following is a list of the 730 communes of the Moselle département , in France .


( CAF ) Communauté d'agglomération de Forbach , created in 2003 ( CAM ) Communauté d'agglomération de Metz Métropole , created in 2002 ( CAS ) Communauté d'agglomération de Sarreguemines Confluences , created in 2002 , also partly in the Bas-Rhin department ( CAT ) Communauté d'agglomération Portes de France-Thionville , créée en 2004 ( CAH ) Communauté d'agglomération du Val de Fensch , created in 2000

( CAS ) Communauté d'agglomération de Sarreguemines Confluences , created in 2002 , also partly in the Bas-Rhin département .


In 1989 , he produced the film Intruder , in which leading roles are Sam Raimi and Bruce Campbell .

In 1989 , he produced the movie Intruder , in which leading roles are Sam Raimi and Bruce Campbell .


Bender makes cameo appearance in many of the films he produces : he was a police officer chasing Mr. Pink in Reservoir Dogs , a guest billed as a `` long-haired yuppie scum '' in Fresh , Pulp Fiction and Four Rooms and a hotel clerk in Kill Bill Volume 2 .

Bender makes cameo appearance in many of the movies he produces : he was a police officer chasing Mr. Pink in Reservoir Dogs , a guest billed as a `` long-haired yuppie scum '' in both Pulp Fiction and Four Rooms and a hotel clerk in Kill Bill Volume 2 .


Lawrence Bender ( born October 17 , 1957 ) is an American film producer .

Lawrence Bender ( born October 17 , 1957 ) is an American movie producer .


Since May 2005 , Bender has been a contributing blogger at The Huffington Post .

Since May 2005 Bender has been a blogger at The Huffington Post .


In the 1980s , he worked as a grip on the syndicated anthology series Tales from the Darkside .

In the 1980s , he worked as a grip on the series Tales from the Darkside .


Up to 1 % of women have bulimia nervosa .

The person may also have anorexia nervosa .


Bulimia nervosa is considered to be less life threatening than anorexia ; however , the occurrence of bulimia nervosa is higher .

Bulimia nervosa can cause many health problems .


Some individuals may tend to alternate between bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa .

Bulimia nervosa ( bulimia ) is a disease and a type of eating disorder .


He recorded again in 1931 for Paramount Records with a group called the New Orleans Nehi Boys , which included guitarist Charles Taylor .

He recorded after in 1931 for Paramount Records with a group called The New Orleans Nehi Boys , which had a guitarist called Charles Taylor .


Bracey was born in Byram , Mississippi , and started playing at local dances and parties around 1917 .

Bracey was born in Byram , Mississippi .


Ishmon Bracey ( January 9 , 1901 - February 12 , 1970 ) was an American blues singer and guitarist from Mississippi , considered one of the most important early delta blues performers .

Ishman Bracey ( January 9 , 1901 - February 12 , 1970 ) , was a blues singer and guitarist from Mississippi .


His lyrics loosen up enough to sing about skin creams and powder advertised as being able to lighten dark skin .

He often sang about skin creams and powders which would lighten dark skin .


He first recorded in Memphis in 1928 for the Victor label , with Charlie McCoy on second guitar , recording two sessions in February and August that year .

He played as lead guitar with Charlie McCoy on rhythm guitar .


It was originally conceived in 1996 as an emergency medicine textbook but its content has expanded considerably since then to include allergy and immunology , cardiology , clinical procedures , critical care , dermatology , emergency medicine , endocrinology , gastroenterology .

It was originally conceived in 1996 as an emergency medicine textbook but its content has expanded a lot since then to include allergy and immunology , cardiology , clinical procedures , critical care , dermatology , emergency medicine , endocrinology , gastroenterology .


Each article is authored by board certified specialists in the subspecialty to which the article belongs .

Each article is authored by board-certified specialists in the subspecialty to which the article belongs .


eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996 by two medical doctors , Scott Plantz and Richard Lavely .

It was founded in 1996 by two medical doctors , Scott Plantz and Richard Lavely .


The website is searchable by keyword and consists of approximately 6,800 articles , each of which is associated with one of 62 clinical subspecialty textbooks .

It consists of about 6,800 articles , each of which is associated with one of 62 clinical subspecialty textbooks .


The article 's authors are identified with their current faculty appointments .

The article 's authors are identified with their current jobs .


An intelligence agency is a government agency responsible for the collection , analysis , and exploitation of information and intelligence in support of law enforcement , national security , defense and foreign policy objectives .

An intelligence agency is a government agency .


Human respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV ) is a virus that causes respiratory tract infections .

Human respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV ) is a virus that causes lung infections , ( usually called respiratory tract infections ) .


It is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections and hospital visits during infancy and childhood .

It is the major cause of lung infections and hospital visits in babies and children .


During daylight saving time ( DST ) , time in the zone is five hours behind GMT .

The Central Time Zone subtracts six hours from UTC during standard time ( UTC-6 ) and five hours during daylight saving time ( UTC-5 ) .


Cuts Like a Knife is the third studio album by the Canadian rock artist Bryan Adams .

Cuts Like a Knife is the third album by the Canadian rock artist Bryan Adams .


After the release of Reckless the album would chart on the British album chart and would later be certified Silver by the BPI .

After the release of Reckless the album would chart on the British album chart and would later be a Silver Record by the BPI .


Three singles were released from the album : `` Straight from the Heart '' , `` Cuts Like a Knife '' and `` This Time '' ; the three were responsible for launching Adams into mainstream popularity .

Three singles were released from the album : `` Straight from the Heart '' , `` Cuts Like a Knife '' and `` This Time '' , the three made Adams very popular .


Released on 18 January 1983 through A&M Records , the album became a huge commercial success in Canada and the United States whereas outside North America , the album did poorly .

Released on January , 1983 through A&M Records , the album became a big hit in Canada when it was released .


It was recorded at Little Mountain Sound , Vancouver , Canada .

It was made at Little Mountain Sound , in Vancouver , Canada .


During this period , Cam ` ron was always seen wearing pink clothing and even bought an all pink Range Rover which can be seen in his video for `` Killa Cam '' .

Cam ` ron was known for popularizing the color pink , which he demonstrated in his music video for `` Killa Cam '' , where he was wearing all pink clothing and drove a pink Range Rover .


Cameron Ezike Giles ( born February 4 , 1976 ) , better known by his stage name Cam ` ron ( formerly Killa Cam ) , is an American rapper and actor from Harlem , New York City , New York .

Cameron Giles ( born November 15 , 1988 in Harlem , New York ) is an American rapper better known by his stage name , Cam ` ron or Killa Cam .


He also stated that he would `` not help the police '' try to locate the shooter saying he is `` not a snitch '' and helping the police would probably hurt his record sales .

Cam ` ron said in a 60 Minutes interview that he did not know the gunman , but he did not want to help the police because he did not want to be a snitch and it would hurt his record sales .


Cam ` ron 's fourth studio album , Purple Haze , was released on December 7 , 2004 on Def Jam\/Roc-A-Fella Records .

Cam ` ron has released 7 studio albums :


On 24 November 2005 , the Bulgarian language Wikipedia added its 20,000 th article , and was the 21st largest Wikipedia at the time .

On November 24 , 2005 , the Bulgarian language Wikipedia added its 20,000 th article , and was the 21st largest Wikipedia at the time .


On 26 December 2007 it was the 30th largest Wikipedia by article count , with over 50,000 articles .

As of December 26 , 2007 it is the 30th largest Wikipedia by article count , with over 50,000 articles .


It was held by only four MPs -- Frank Tudor , a former leader of the Australian Labor Party ; James Scullin , the thirteenth Prime Minister of Australia ; Stan Keon , an important figure in the ALP-DLP Split ; and Jim Cairns , who would go on to become Deputy Prime Minister of Australia , though he was the member for Lalor by then .

It was held by only four people -- Frank Tudor , a leader of the Australian Labor Party ; James Scullin , the 13th Prime Minister of Australia ; Stan Keon , an important figure in the ALP-DLP Split ; and Jim Cairns , who later became Deputy Prime Minister of Australia .


It was located in inner eastern suburban Melbourne , and was named after the Yarra River , which originally formed the eastern border of the Division , and eventually ran through it .

It was located in inner eastern suburban Melbourne , and was named after the Yarra River .


By the time it was abolished in 1969 , it no longer covered Abbotsford or Fitzroy , but included Burnley and Hawthorn .

By 1969 , it no longer covered Abbotsford or Fitzroy , but included Burnley and Hawthorn .


For its entire existence , it was a very safe Labor seat .


The 2007-08 Boston Bruins season began on October 5 , 2007 .

The 2007-08 Boston Bruins season is the Bruins ' 83th season in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) .


Luna 1 contained radio equipment including a tracking transmitter and telemetry system , and five instruments to study the Moon and interplanetary space ; including a magnetometer , geiger counter , scintillation counter , and micrometeorite detector .

These included a magnetometer , a device for measuring magnetic fields , a scintillation counter , a device for detecting high energy particles and a geiger counter , a device for measuring radiation .


Unusually , Snowdonia National Park has a hole in the middle , around the town of Blaenau Ffestiniog , a slate quarrying center .

Most of the land is either open or mountainous land , but there is also some farm-land Snowdonia National Park has a hole in the middle , around the town of Blaenau Ffestiniog


Snowdonia ( Welsh : Eryri ) is a region in north Wales and a national park of 823 square miles ( 2,130 km2 ) in area .

Snowdonia ( Welsh : Eryri ) is a region in north Wales .


It was the first to be designated of the three National Parks in Wales , in 1951 .

It was the first National Park in Wales and it was made in 1951 .


He sang his first name part as and in Mozart 's Idomeneo in 2006 for the New York Metropolitan Opera .

He sung his first name part as and in Mozart 's Idomeneo in 2006 for the New York Metropolitan Opera .


With this ensemble he staged Monteverdi 's L'Orfeo and published three recordings .

With this ensemble he staged Monteverdi 's `` L'Orfeo '' and published three recordings .


With them he staged Handel 's Ariodante .

With them he staged Handel 's `` Ariodante '' .


However , he has also made his mark in song and Lied interpretation , focusing on English Baroque composers ( i.e. Dowland , Byrd , Purcell ) , as well as German composers Beethoven , Schumann and Schubert , among others .

However , he has also made his mark in song and Lied interpretation , focusing on English Baroque composers ( i.e. Dowland , Byrd , Purcell ) , as well as German composers Beethoven , Schumann and Schubert , to name only a few .


Handel 's first oratorio Il Trionfo del Tempo e del Disinganno was staged in 2009 in Passau by van Rensburg .

Handel 's first oratorio `` Il Trionfo del Tempo e del Disinganno '' was staged in 2009 in Passau by van Rensburg .


He made his debut in 1991 at the age of 20 as Belmonte in Mozart 's Die Entführung aus dem Serail for the Roodeport City Opera .

He made his debut in 1991 at the age of 20 as Belmonte in Mozart 's `` Die Entführung aus dem Serail '' for the Roodeport City Opera .


In 2006 , he gave his directorial debut in the Opernhaus Halle with Monteverdi 's L'Orfeo , in which he also sang the name part .

In 2006 he gave his directorial debut in the Opernhaus Halle with Monteverdi 's `` L'Orfeo , in which he also sang the name part .


At the Munich Gärtnerplatztheater van Rensburg staged , together with the librettist Peer Boysen the pasticcio Ein Theater nach der Mode in 2002 , featuring compositions by Handel and other Baroque composers .

At the Munich Gärtnerplatztheater van Rensburg staged , together with the librettist Peer Boysen the pasticcio `` Ein Theater nach der Mode '' in 2002 , featuring compositions by Handel and other Baroque composers .


Van Rensburg studied singing with Werner Nel at the Northwest University of South Africa , and law and international politics at Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education .

Van Rensburg studied singing with Werner Neel at the Northwest University of South Africa , but also law and international politics at Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education .


Kobie van Rensburg ( born on 23 May 1969 in Johannesburg ) is a South African tenor and opera director .

Kobie van Rensburg ( \* in Johannesburg ) is a South African tenor and opera director .


Just like in his former own production Il pianto d'Orfeo van Rensburg links the expressiveness of dancing with the music of the composition .

Just like in his former own production `` Il Pianto d'Orfeo '' van Rensburg links the expressiveness of dancing with the music of the composition .


According to Plato 's Apology , Socrates ' life as the `` gadfly '' of Athens began when his friend Chaerephon asked the oracle at Delphi if anyone were wiser than Socrates ; the Oracle responded that no-one was wiser .

It is said that one of Socrates ' friends went to ask the oracle at Delphi if there was anyone wiser than Socrates in Athens .


They previously played at Wrigley Field , best known as the home of the Chicago Cubs baseball team .

It is the home of the Chicago Bears team .


Soldier Field is an American football stadium on the Near South Side of Chicago , Illinois , United States .

Soldier Field is a large stadium in Chicago .


It is one of the oldest extant texts in any Indo-European language .

It is also one of the oldest writings in an Indo-European language .


He began playing for the farm club of Dynamo Yekaterinburg in the mid-1990s , though he seemed headed for an undistinguished career until noted Olympic trainer Vladimir Krikunov began coaching the team .

In the middle of the 1990 's , he started to play for the farm team of Dynamo Yekaterinburg ; there he was noticed by the new trainer of the team Vladimir Krikunov .


Amid the upheavals of the First World War and the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire , he volunteered to fight in a detachment in 1915 for the Caucasian Front .

Amid the upheavals of the First World War and the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire , he volunteered in 1915 for the Caucasian Front .


Yeghishe Charents ( Armenian : Եղիշե Չարենց ; March 13 , 1897 - November 27 , 1937 ) was an Armenian poet , writer and public activist .

Yeghishe Charents ( born Yeghishe Soghomonian , Armenian : Եղիշե Չարենց ) ( 13 March 1897 , Kars - 29 November 1937 , Yerevan ) was an Armenian poet killed in Stalin 's purges .


Brideshead Revisited , The Sacred & Profane Memories of Captain Charles Ryder is a novel by English writer Evelyn Waugh , first published in 1945 .

Brideshead Revisited , The Sacred & Profane Memories of Captain Charles Ryder is a novel by the English writer Evelyn Waugh .


During the long vacation , Charles returns home to London , where he lives with his widowed father .

During the holiday Charles goes back to his home , where he lives with his father .


Charles is called back to Brideshead after Sebastian incurs a minor injury , and Sebastian and Charles spend the remainder of the holiday together .

Sebastian and Charles spend the rest of the summer together .


Readers who interpret the relationship as overtly homosexual quote such lines as the fact that Charles had been `` in search of love in those days '' when he first met Sebastian , and his finding `` that low door in the wall ... which opened on an enclosed and enchanted garden '' - an image that some interpret as a Freudian metaphor for homosexual sex , though it recurs when Charles is expelled from Brideshead by Lady Marchmain , suggesting it refers more generally to the glamorous world Sebastian represents : `` a door had shut , the low door in the wall I had sought and found in Oxford . ''

This act had also influenced Charles , who had been `` in search of love in those days '' when he first met Sebastian , `` that low door in the wall ... which opened on an enclosed and enchanted garden , '' , an important metaphor in the book .


Sebastian also takes Charles to his family 's palatial mansion , Brideshead Castle , in Wiltshire where Charles later meets the rest of Sebastian 's family , including his sister Julia .

Sebastian , who comes from a very rich family , takes Charles to his family 's home , Brideshead Castle .


The auditory system is the sensory system for the sense of hearing .

The auditory system is the sensory system for the sense for hearing .


The middle ear still contains the sound information in wave form ; it is converted to nerve impulses in the cochlea .

They are then converted to nerve impulses in the cochlea .


Sound waves traveling through the ear canal will hit the tympanic membrane , or eardrum .

Sound waves traveling through the ear canal will hit the tympanum , or eardrum .


This wave information travels across the air-filled middle ear cavity via a series of delicate bones : the malleus ( hammer ) , incus ( anvil ) and stapes ( stirrup ) .

The malleus ( hammer ) , incus ( anvil ) and stapes ( stirrup ) .


The folds of cartilage surrounding the ear canal are called the pinna .

The outer ear is the folds of cartilage surrounding the ear canal .


The organ of Corti is located in this duct on the basilar membrane , and transforms mechanical waves to electric signals in neurons .

It transforms sound waves to electric signals in neurons .


Bare Mountain is located within the towns of Amherst and South Hadley , Massachusetts .

Bare Mountain is in the towns of Amherst and South Hadley , Massachusetts .


Bare Mountain , 1,014 feet ( 309 m ) above sea level , is a prominent peak of the Holyoke Range of traprock mountains located in the Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts , and part of the greater Metacomet Ridge that stretches from Long Island Sound to nearly the Vermont border .

Bare Mountain is a prominent peak of the Holyoke Range in the Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts .


San Felipe de Puerto Plata , Puerto de Plata , often referred to as simply Puerto Plata , is the capital of the Dominican Republic province Puerto Plata .

The city was called first Puerto de Plata but later it was changed to just Puerto Plata , the name that is still used .


Geographically it forms part of the Cordillera Septentrional , reaching a maximum height of 800 m above sea level .

It stands alone even if it is part of the Cordillera Septentrional .


Puerto Plata is the largest city on the northern seaboard .

The Dominican city of San Felipe de Puerto , usually called just Puerto Plata is the head municipality of the Puerto Plata province , on the north ( Atlantic ) coast of the country .


It contains bromine in its +1 oxidation state .


While Powderfinger 's style focuses on alternative rock , Fanning 's solo music is generally described as a mixture of blues and acoustic folk .

His music has been described as a mixture of blues and acoustic folk .


On 31 October 2005 , Fanning released his debut solo album entitled Tea & Sympathy .

Fanning has made a solo album , Tea and Sympathy in 2005 .


Bernard Fanning ( born 15 August 1969 ) is an Australian musician and singer-songwriter .

Bernard Fanning born August 15 , 1969 , is the singer , guitarist and writes songs for the Australian rock band Powderfinger .


A multi-instrumentalist , Fanning plays guitar , piano , keyboards and harmonica , both when performing solo and also with Powderfinger .

As well as singing , Fanning plays guitar , piano , keyboards and harmonica .


Novaya Zemlya is an extension of the Northern part of the Ural Mountains , and the interior is mountainous throughout .

Novaya Zemlya is the northern part of the Ural Mountains and the interior is mountainous throughout .


In July 1954 , Novaya Zemlya was designated the Novaya Zemlya Test Site , construction of which began in October and existed during much of the Cold War .

In July 1954 , Novaya Zemlya was designated the Novaya Zemlya Test Site .


In 68 , the rebellion of Vindex in Gaul and later the acclamation of Galba in Hispania drove Nero from the throne .

In 68 , the rebellion of Vindex in Gaul and later the acclamation of Galba in Hispania ( Spain ) drove Nero from the throne .


Nero focused much of his attention on diplomacy , trade , and enhancing the cultural life of the Empire .

During his reign , Nero focused much of his attention on diplomacy , trade , and increasing the cultural capital of the empire .


He ordered theaters built and promoted athletic games .

He ordered the building of theaters and promoted athletic games .


Nero ( \ / ˈnɪəroʊ \ / ; Latin : Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ; 15 December 37 - 9 June 68 ) was Roman Emperor from 54 to 68 , and the last in the Julio-Claudian dynasty .

Nero ( Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus , 15 December 37 AD - 9 June 68 ) , was the fifth and last Roman Emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty .


Tacitus also said that Nero playing his lyre and singing while the city burned was only rumor .

Nero is known as the emperor who played a fiddle while Rome burned , but actually he played the lyre and sang .


Facing assassination , he committed suicide on 9 June 68 ( the first Roman emperor to do so ) His death ended the Julio-Claudian Dynasty , sparking a brief period of civil wars known as the Year of the Four Emperors .

Facing assassination , he committed suicide on 9 June 68 .


The B-side of the single was a cover of The Stooges ' `` No Fun '' , which the band played on the spot without a proper rehearsal .

The B-side is a cover of The Stooges ' `` No Fun '' which they played on the spot without a proper rehearsal .


The song gained attention for vocalist John Lydon 's phrasing of the word `` vacant '' , emphasising the last syllable to sound like the vulgar word `` cunt '' .

The song is infamous for vocalist John Lydon 's phrasing of the word `` vacant '' , emphasizing the last syllable making it sound like the vulgar word `` cunt '' .


It was released on 1 July 1977 as the band 's third single and was later featured on their only album , Never Mind the Bollocks , Here 's the Sex Pistols , released that same year .

It was released in 1977 , as the third single from their album Never Mind the Bollocks , Here 's the Sex Pistols .


He has worked for the universities of Graz and Vienna as well as for theaters in Graz , Augsburg and Vienna .

He has worked for the universities of Graz and Vienna , as well as for theaters in Graz , Augsburg and Vienna .


While publishing in literary magazines and newspapers , he worked for the Austrian radio and television .

As he published in literary magazines and newspapers , he worked for the Austrian radio and television .


Heinz Gerstinger ( b. , October 013 , 1919 in Vienna ) is an Austrian writer , playwright and historian .

Heinz Gerstinger ( born October 13 , 1919 ; Vienna ) is an Austrian writer , playwright and historian .


San Gimignano is a small walled medieval hill town in the province of Siena , Tuscany , north-central Italy .

San Gimignano is a small hill town in the province of Siena , Tuscany , Italy .


In the Middle Ages and Renaissance era , it was a stopping point for Catholic pilgrims on their way to Rome and the Vatican , as it sits on the medieval Via Francigena .

In medieval and Renaissance times , it was a stopping point for pilgrims on their way to Rome and the Vatican as it sits on the medieval via Francigena .


At the heart of the town are four squares : the Piazza Duomo , on which stands the Collegiate Church ; the Piazza della Cisterna , the Piazza Pecori and the Piazza delle Erbe .

The heart of the town contains the four squares , `` Piazza della Cisterna '' , `` Piazza Duomo '' , `` Piazza Pecori '' , and `` Piazza delle Erbe '' .


A point guard , like other player positions in basketball , specializes in certain skills .

Point guard is a position in basketball .


They are expected to run the team 's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right players at the right time .

A point guard should maintain his team 's offense by controlling the ball safely and pass the ball to the right teammate at the right time .


Philip left Stone House in the summer of 1908 and began at Eton College that autumn .


Some paralegals have only on-the-job experience , while other paralegals have completed a formal program .

A paralegal is a person who works with lawyers .


She calls for Hercules , who shoots an arrow which strikes Nessus in the back .

She calls for Hercules , who shoot an arrow , which strikes Nessus in the back .


In the center of a village , the ground begins to open up and a strange green light emanates from within .

In the center of a village the ground begins to open up and a strange green light emanates from within .


Deianeira gets a lantern and goes outside ; she finds Nessus in the smithy and he tells her that she can not trust Hercules with Iole as she is a young woman , Hercules will not be able to resist .

Deianeira gets a lantern and goes outside , she finds Nessus in the smithy and he tells her that she can not trust Hercules with Iole as she is a young woman , Hercules will not be able to resist .


The following day , Hercules is working in the smithy with Nessus , the centaur .

The following day Hercules is working in the smithy with Nessus , the Centaur .


Deianeira goes after Hercules to warn him and finds the three at the river bank .

Deianeira goes after Hercules to warns him and finds the three at the river bank .


When Hercules arrives home , Deianeira tends to his wounds .

When Hercules arrives home Deianeira tends to his wounds .


With the man dead , the man who first made the challenge gives Hercules a peacock feather , Hera 's symbol .

With the man dead the man who first made the challenge gives Hercules a peacock feather , Hera 's symbol .


The next day in a village square , a man challenges the villagers to fight Eryx the boxer .

The next day in a village square a man challenges the villagers to fight Eryx the boxer .


He goes to Hera 's temple and asks if they can call a truce ; Hera defies Hercules , so he destroys her temple .

He goes to Hera 's temple and asks if they can call a truce , Hera defies Hercules , so he destroys her temple .


As they approach , a gaseous vapor begins pouring out of the fissure and in a flash of light the two men are charred with only their bones remaining .

As they approach a gaseous vapor begins pouring out of the fissure and in a flash of light the two men are charred with only their bones remaining .


Meanwhile , Deianeira , distraught by the thought that she caused her own husband 's death , goes to a cliff top ; while standing there she sees a vision of Hercules and reaches out to him ; as she reaches out she falls from the cliff to the rocks below .

Meanwhile , Deianeira , distraught by the though that she caused her own husband 's death goes to a cliff top , while standing there she sees a vision of Hercules and reaches out to him , as she reaches out she falls from the cliff to the rocks below .


He explains about the cape trying to kill Hercules and that he jumped into the hole .

He explains about the cape trying to kill Hercules and them he jumped into the hole .


During the night , Iole tells Deianeira that she thought she saw someone outside her window .

During the night the Iole tells Deianeira that she thought she saw someone outside her window , Deianeria tells her no-one is there .


As he lay dying , Nessus tells Deianeira that his blood is powerful and will prevent Hercules from being unfaithful .

As he lay dying he tells Deianeira that his blood is powerful and will prevent Hercules from being unfaithful .


After a short while , the boy returns with Hercules , who challenges Eryx .

After a short while the boy returns with Hercules , who challenges Eryx .


After being attacked by different monsters , Hercules meets Eryx the boxer and some other people he sent to Hades .

After being attacked by different monsters Hercules meets Eryx the boxer and some other people he sent to Hades .


The challenger dies fighting Eryx , so an old man from the village tells a youth to find Hercules .

He fights him and kills him , an old man from the village tells a youth to find Hercules .


Thai basil is also an important ingredient in the very popular Taiwanese dish , sanbeiji ( three cup chicken ) .

Thai basil is an important ingredient in the very popular Taiwanese dish , sanbeiji ( three cup chicken ) .


Used as a condiment , a plate of raw Thai basil leaves is often served as an accompaniment to phở ( Vietnamese-style noodle soup ) so each customer can season it to taste with the anise-flavored leaves .

Used as a condiment , a plate of raw Thai basil leaves is often served with phở ( Vietnamese-style noodle soup ) so each customer can season it to taste with the anise-flavored leaves .


Thai basil exhibits small , narrow leaves and purple stems , with a mauve ( pink-purple ) flower .

Thai basil has small , narrow leaves and purple stems .


Thai basil , or Asian basil ( húng quế in Vietnamese , Oriya : କର ପ ରକ ନ ତ Karpura-kaanti , ଦ ର ଲଭ Durlabha ) is a type of sweet basil native to Southeast Asia that has been cultivated to provide distinctive traits .

Thai basil , or Asian basil is a type of sweet basil .


The Census Bureau 's legal authority is codified in Title 13 of the United States Code .

The Census Bureau 's legal authority is listed in Title 13 of the United States Code .


The Census Bureau is situated within the U.S. Department of Commerce and its director is appointed by the President of the United States .

The Census Bureau is a part of the United States Department of Commerce .


The Constitution of the United States ( Article I , section II ) directs that the population be enumerated at least once every ten years and the resulting counts used to set the number of members from each state in the House of Representatives and , by extension , in the Electoral College .

The Constitution of the United States says that the population must be counted at least once every ten years ( through the U.S. Census ) .


The United States Census Bureau ( officially the Bureau of the Census , as defined in Title 13 U.S.C. § 11 ) is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System responsible for producing data about the American people and economy .

The United States Census Bureau ( officially Bureau of the Census ) is a part of the United States government that is responsible for the United States Census .


Between censuses , the Census Bureau makes population estimates and projections .

The Census Bureau also use real-time extrapolation of information on population , birth , and death to give their estimates of the number of people in the United States and the world .


Some rayons are completely or partially in the self-proclaimed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic , shown on the map in green ; this is noted in the list .

Some rayons are completely or partially in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic , shown on the map in green ; this is noted in the list .


Politically , Azerbaijan is divided into : This list is for the main part of Azerbaijan ; the rayons of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic are listed below and numbered separately .

The rayons of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic are listed below and numbered separately .


Since then the territory of the autonomous oblast has been administratively split between the neighboring rayons , but most of it remains under the control of the ethnic Armenian forces from Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenia as result of the Nagorno-Karabakh War .

Since the Nagorno-Karabakh War , however , it is under the control of the ethnic Armenian forces from Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenia .


The territory of Nagorno-Karabakh presently forms part of Azerbaijani rayons of Khojavend , the west portion of Tartar , Goranboy , Shusha , and the east portion of Kalbajar .

The territory of Nagorno-Karabakh currently is made up of the rayons of Khojavend , Tartar , Goranboy , Shusha and Kalbajar .


In Soviet times the region was known as Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast ; however on November 26 , 1991 , the Parliament of the Azerbaijan SSR abolished the autonomous status of the NKAO .

However , on 26 November 1991 , the Parliament of the Azerbaijan SSR ended the autonomy of the NKAO .


The fountain with three superposed basins was designed by Fra Bevignate and Boninsegna .

The fountain was designed by Fra Bevignate and Boninsegna .


The whole message of the pulpit is concerned with the doctrine of Salvation and the Last Judgment .

The message of this pulpit is Salvation and the Last Judgment .


He was aided by several assistants , among which were Arnolfo di Cambio and Lapo di Ricevuto .

The work took three years , and Nicola was helped by his son Giovanni Pisano and his assistants Arnolfo di Cambio , Lapo di Ricevuto and several other artists .


He finished this work in 1260 and signed with `` Nicola Pisanus '' .

The work was finished in 1260 and signed `` Nicola Pisanus '' which means `` Nicholas of Pisa '' .


Nicola Pisano ( also called Niccolò Pisano , Nicola de Apulia or Nicola Pisanus ; c. 1220\/1225 - c. 1284 ) was an Italian sculptor whose work is noted for its classical Roman sculptural style .

Nicola Pisano ( also called Niccolò Pisano and Nicola de Apulia ) ( c. 1220\/1225 - c. 1284 ) was an Italian sculptor who is best known for the works that he made for Pisa Cathedral .


Around 1255 he received a commission for the pulpit in the baptistery of Pisa .

Around 1255 , Nicola received a commission ( a paid job ) to make the pulpit in the baptistery of Pisa Cathedral .


He moved to Pisa between 1245 and 1250 , where his son Giovanni Pisano was born .

In 1245 Nicola was making sculptures at Prato Cathedral and then moved to Pisa where his son Giovanni Pisano was born .


In September 1265 he was given his next major assignment : a marble pulpit for the Siena Cathedral .

In September 1265 Nicola began work on another a marble pulpit , even grander than the first , this time for Siena Cathedral .


Pisano is sometimes considered to be the founder of modern sculpture .

For this reason Nicola Pisano is sometimes said to be to be the founder of modern sculpture .


He was born in Apulia , as the son of `` Petrus de Apulia '' , as stated in the archives of the Cathedral of Siena .

A document in the archives of Siena Cathedral says that he was the son of Petrus de Apulia .


It was released in Japan on December 16 , 2004 , in Europe on February 4 , 2005 , in North America on March 14 , 2005 , and in Australia on March 17 , 2005 .

It was released in Japan on December 16 , 2004 , in Europe on February 4 , 2005 , and in North America on March 14 , 2005 .


Enemies in the small red ring are usually defeated , and those in the larger green ring are usually stunned .

Enemies that are in the red ring are usually defeated , and those that are in the green ring are usually stunned .


Each kingdom contains three platforming levels .

Each kingdom has three platforming levels .


The hand clap produces two rings , a small red one and a giant green one .

Clapping produces a small small red ring and a bigger green one .


Stunned enemies can then be jumped on and defeated by hitting the bongos repeatedly .

Stunned enemies can be killed by jumping on them and hitting the drums repeatedly .


The player can obtain additional beats by performing combos while grabbing the bananas .

More beats can be gotten by doing combos while grabbing bananas .


Beats are obtained by grabbing bananas during gameplay , and lost by getting hurt or falling .

Beats are gotten by grabbing bananas , and lost by being hit or falling .


program , a brand of Nintendo GameCube video game remakes for the Wii .

series of remade Nintendo GameCube games for the Wii .


The goal is to get as many points , or `` beats '' , as possible .

The goal is not just to get to the end of the level , but also to get as many `` beats '' ( points ) as the player can .


The Wii version of Donkey Kong Jungle Beat is somewhat changed from the original GameCube version , including new levels , modifications of old levels , and traditional controls that have the player use the analog stick to move and the A button to jump , unlike the GameCube version which required the player to beat the bongos to do both .

It features new and changed levels along with more traditional controls that use the analog stick to move and the A button to jump .


Two players , Black and White , take turns placing a stone ( game piece ) of their own color on a vacant point ( intersection ) of the grid on a Go board .

Players take turns placing a stone of their color on intersections of the 19x19 square grid .


From its founding until the mid-1990s , FSF 's funds were mostly used to employ software developers to write free software for the GNU Project .

From its founding ( when it started ) until the 1990s , FSF 's funds were mostly used to employ software developers to write free software for the GNU Project .


In March 2003 , SCO filed suit against IBM alleging that IBM 's contributions to various free software , including FSF 's GNU , violated SCO 's rights .

In March 2003 , SCO filed suit against IBM alleging ( saying ) that IBM 's contributions to some free software , including FSF 's GNU , violated SCO 's rights .


The FSF maintains a list of `` high priority projects '' to which the Foundation claims that `` there is a vital need to draw the free software community 's attention '' .

The FSF maintains a list of `` high priority projects '' where the Foundation says that `` there is a vital need to draw the free software community 's attention '' .


In late 2001 , Bradley M. Kuhn ( then Executive Director ) , with the assistance of Moglen , David Turner , and Peter T. Brown , formalized these efforts into FSF 's GPL Compliance Labs .

In late 2001 , Bradley M. Kuhn ( then Executive Director ) , with the help of Moglen , David Turner , and Peter T. Brown , turned these efforts into FSF 's GPL Compliance Labs .


The FSF considers these projects `` important because computer users are continually being seduced into using non-free software , because there is no adequate free replacement . ''

The FSF says these projects are `` important because computer users are continually being seduced into using non-free software , because there is no adequate free replacement . ''


During 2003 and 2004 , FSF put substantial advocacy effort into responding to the lawsuit and quelling its negative impact on the adoption and promotion of free software .

During 2003 and 2004 , FSF put a lot of advocacy effort into responding to the lawsuit and removing its negative impact on the adoption and promotion of free software .


While other copyright holders of other software systems adopted the GPL as their license , FSF was the only organization to regularly assert its copyright interests on software so licensed until Harald Welte launched gpl-violations .

While other copyright holders of other software systems used the GPL as their license , FSF was the only organization to regularly assert its copyright interests on software licensed under the GPL until Harald Welte created gpl-violations .


As holder of these copyrights , it has the authority to enforce the copyleft requirements of the GNU General Public License ( GPL ) when copyright infringement occurs on that software .

As a copyright holder , it has the power to enforce the GNU General Public License ( GPL ) when copyright infringement occurs on that software .


The FSF holds the copyrights on many pieces of the GNU system , such as GNU Compiler Collection .

The FSF holds the copyrights on many important pieces of the GNU system , such as the GCC .


The Free Software Foundation ( FSF ) is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) non-profit organization founded by Richard Stallman on 4 October 1985 to support the free software movement , which promotes the universal freedom to create , distribute and modify computer software , with the organization 's preference for software being distributed under copyleft ( `` share alike '' ) terms , such as with its own GNU General Public License .

The Free Software Foundation ( FSF ) is a non-profit corporation founded by Richard Stallman on 4 October 1985 to support the free software movement , a movement which tries to promote the universal freedom to distribute and modify computer software without restriction .


The word castle is derived from the Latin word castellum which is a diminutive of the word castrum , meaning `` fortified place '' .

The word castle comes from the Latin word castellum , which is a diminutive of the word castrum , meaning `` fortified place '' .


A castle ( from Latin : castellum ) is a type of fortified structure built in Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages by nobility .

A castle ( from the Latin word castellum ) is a fortified structure made in Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages .


The word castle was introduced into English shortly before the Norman Conquest to denote this type of building , which was then new to England .

The word castle became a part of the English language soon after the Norman Conquest to describe this new type of building .


Although gunpowder was introduced to Europe in the 14th century , it did not significantly affect castle building until the 15th century , when artillery became powerful enough to break through stone walls .

But by the 15th century , shots became powerful enough to break through stone walls .


The Old English castel , Old French castel or chastel , French château , Spanish castillo , Italian castello , and a number of words in other languages also derive from castellum .

The Old English castel , French château , Spanish castillo , Italian castello , and many other words in other languages also come from castellum .


In the late 12th and early 13th centuries , a scientific approach to castle defense emerged .

By the late 12th and early 13th centuries , though , castles became longer and more complex .


Many castles were originally built from earth and timber , but had their defences replaced later by stone .

Many castles were built with earth and wood at first often using manual labor , and then had their defences replaced by stone instead .


While castles continued to be built well into the 16th century , new techniques to deal with improved cannon fire made them uncomfortable and undesirable places to live .

Castles were still built , but new ways to protect castles from cannons and guns made them uncomfortable places to live in .


Harry Robbins `` Bob '' Haldeman ( better known as H. R. Haldeman ; October 27 , 1926 - November 12 , 1993 ) was an American political aide and businessman , best known for his service as White House Chief of Staff to President Richard Nixon and his consequent involvement in the Watergate scandal .

Harry Robbins `` Bob '' Haldeman ( better known as H. R. Haldeman ; October 27 , 1926 - November 12 , 1993 ) was an American political aide and businessman .


Haldeman was born in Los Angeles on October 27 , 1926 , one of three children of socially prominent parents .

Haldeman was born on October 27 , 1926 in Los Angeles , California .


His intimate role in the Watergate cover-up precipitated his resignation from government ; subsequent to which he was tried on counts of perjury , conspiracy and obstruction of justice ; found guilty and imprisoned for 18 months .

His role in the Watergate cover-up precipitated his resignation from government .


Haldeman was one of many key figures in the Watergate scandal .

He was involved in the Watergate scandal .


Classical physics includes the traditional branches and topics that were recognized and well-developed before the beginning of the 20th century-classical mechanics , acoustics , optics , thermodynamics , and electromagnetism .

Classical physics normally includes the fields of mechanics , optics , electricity , magnetism , acoustics and thermodynamics .


Because astrophysics is a broad subject , astrophysicists typically apply many disciplines of physics , including mechanics , electromagnetism , statistical mechanics , thermodynamics , quantum mechanics , relativity , nuclear and particle physics , and atomic and molecular physics .

Modern physics is a term normally used to cover fields which rely on quantum theory , including quantum mechanics , atomic physics , nuclear physics , particle physics and condensed matter physics , as well as the more modern fields of general and special relativity .


Kicking Bear said the shirts had the power to repel bullets .

They believed the shirts had magic powers which would protect them from bullets .


Her mother , Kjellfrid Irene ( née Andreassen ) , a native of Norway , has Norwegian , Kven ( Finnish ) , Swedish , and possible Sami , ancestry ; Kjellfrid grew up in Kirkenes and Ekkerøy , and is a nurse and midwife who moved to the United States to work as a governess for a Norwegian family in Texas .


Renée Zellweger was born on April 25 , 1969 in Katy , Texas .


Zellweger won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the drama Cold Mountain ( 2003 ) .

She won an Academy Award for her role in the movie Cold Mountain .


`` God is dead '' ( German : `` Gott ist tot '' ( help · info ) ; also known as the death of God ) is a widely quoted statement by German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche , though the phrase appears several times in the works of G. W. F. Hegel .

`` God is dead '' ( German : `` Gott ist tot '' ( info \* help ) ; also known as the death of God ) is a well known phrase by German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche .


It is also found in Nietzsche 's 1883 work Thus Spoke Zarathustra ( German : Also sprach Zarathustra ) , which is most responsible for popularizing the phrase .

It is also found in Nietzsche 's classic work Thus Spoke Zarathustra ( Deutsch : Also sprach Zarathustra ) , which is most responsible for popularizing the phrase .


The idea is stated in `` The Madman '' as follows : God is dead .

The idea is stated in `` The Madman '' as follows `` God is dead '' does not mean that Nietzsche believed in an actual God who first existed and then died in a literal sense .


A video camera is a camera used for electronic motion picture acquisition , initially developed by the television industry but now common in other applications as well .

A video camera is camera used to make electronic motion pictures .


Boxing legend Sugar Ray Robinson sometimes played exhibitions with this team .

Boxing legend Sugar Ray Robinson sometimes played games with this team .


According to the movie Harlem Globetrotters : Six Decades of Magic ( 1988 ) , Haynes could dribble the ball as many as six times a second .

According to the movie Harlem Globetrotters : Six Decades of Magic , Haynes could dribble the ball as many as six times a second .


It is possible that Haynes has played more professional basketball games than anyone else in history , staying active well into his sixties .

It is possible that Haynes has played more professional basketball games than anyone in history , staying active well into his sixties .


He retired in 1992 after a 46-year professional career , and was inducted to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame on October 2 , 1998 .

He retired in 1992 after a 46-year professional career , and was inducted to the Basketball Hall of Fame on October 2 1998 .


Many consider him the premier ballhandler who ever lived , and his game influenced players such as Bob Cousy , Pete Maravich , and Fred `` Curly '' Neal .

His game influenced players such as Bob Cousy , Pete Maravich , and Fred `` Curly '' Neal .


Marques Haynes ( born October 4 , 1926 ) is an American former professional basketball player and member of the Harlem Globetrotters , notable for his remarkable ability to dribble the ball and keep it away from defenders .

Marques Haynes ( born October 3 1926 ) is an American former professional basketball player and member of the Harlem Globetrotters .


Upon leaving in 1953 , he turned down a $ 35,000 a year offer from the Philadelphia Warriors that would have made him the second-highest paid player in the NBA , to found his own barnstorming team , the Harlem Magicians .

Upon leaving in 1953 , he turned down a $ 35,000 a year offer from the Philadelphia Warriors that would have made him the second-highest paid player in the NBA .


Haynes later rejoined the Globetrotters as a player\/coach and was a regular on the 1974-75 The Harlem Globetrotters Popcorn Machine TV show .

Haynes later rejoined the Globetrotters as a player\/coach .


In that game , Haynes led Langston to a 4-point win and was immediately invited to join the Globetrotters , and ( after returning to Langston to complete his degree ) his long professional career began .

In that game , Haynes led Langston to a 4-point win .


While at Langston , he once dribbled out the clock in a conference tournament game to ridicule an opponent , Southern University , which had just run up the score against an inferior team ( Sam Huston College , later Huston-Tillotson University ) , which incidentally , was coached by a young Jackie Robinson .

Southern had just run up the score against a weaker team ( Sam Huston College , later Huston-Tillotson University ) .


Haynes ' own coach , the legendary Zip Gayles , reprimanded him for the showboating display , but it helped draw the attention of the Globetrotters , always on the search for trick ballhandlers ; Langston was invited to play an exhibition game against the Globetrotters in Oklahoma City .


Haynes learned to dribble the basketball from his sisters and brother William Joe Haynes , and perhaps was aided by the skill of handling the ball on the dirt courts of his hometown .

Haynes learned to dribble the basketball from his sisters .


He also played for the Harlem Wizards and Meadowlark Lemon 's Bucketeers .


Athelm and his nephew Dunstan both became Archbishops of Canterbury .

Athelm and his nephew Saint Dunstan both became Archbishops of Canterbury .


He also had a manor house built at Wookey , near Wells .

He also built a manor at Wookey , near Wells .


He oversaw the building of Vicars ' Close and the Vicars ' Hall , to give the men who were employed to sing in the choir a secure place to live and dine , away from the town and its temptations .

He also built Vicars ' Close and the Vicars ' Hall , to give the men of the choir a secure place to live and dine , away from the town with all its temptations .


In the 14th century , the central piers of the crossing were found to be sinking under the weight of the crossing tower which had been damaged by an earthquake the previous century .

In the fourteenth century , the central piers ( upright supports ) of the crossing ( where the building forms a cross ) started sinking under the weight of the crossing tower .


He had an uneasy relationship with the citizens of Wells , partly because of his imposition of taxes , and he surrounded his palace with crenellated walls , a moat and a drawbridge .

He surrounded his palace with crenellated walls and a moat and drawbridge .


Strainer arches , sometimes described as scissor arches , were inserted by master mason William Joy to brace and stabilise the piers as a unit .

` Scissor arches ' were inserted to brace and stabilize the piers as a unit .


The baptismal font in the cathedral 's south transept is from this church and is the oldest part of the present building .

The baptismal font in the south transept is the oldest surviving part of the cathedral which is dated to c. 700 AD .


Wells Cathedral School dates its foundation to this point .

It was also around this time that Wells Cathedral School was founded .


One of the foremost architects of his time , Wynford worked for the king at Windsor , Winchester Cathedral and New College , Oxford .

He was one of the foremost architects of his time and , apart from Wells , was engaged in work for the king at Windsor and at New College , Oxford University and Winchester Cathedral .


By the time the cathedral , including the chapter house , was finished in 1306 , it was already too small for the developing liturgy , and unable to accommodate increasingly grand processions of clergy .

By the time the building was finished , including the Chapter House ( 1306 ) , it already seemed too small for the developing liturgy , in particular the increasingly grand processions .


Wells Cathedral is a Church of England place of worship in Wells , Somerset dedicated to St Andrew the Apostle , and is the seat of the Bishop of Bath and Wells .

It is the seat of the Bishop of Bath and Wells .


The stonework of its pointed arcades and fluted piers is enriched by the complexity of the pronounced mouldings and vitality of the carved capitals in a foliate style known as `` stiff leaf '' .

The carved capitals are done in a foliate style known as `` stiff leaf '' .


The eastern end retains much ancient stained glass , which is rare in England .

The eastern end has kept much original glass , which is rare in England .


Bishop Ralph of Shrewsbury followed , continuing the eastward extension of the choir and retrochoir beyond .


In 909 the seat of the diocese was moved from Sherborne to Wells .

Two centuries later , the seat of the diocese was shifted to Wells from Sherborne .


The first Bishop of Wells was Athelm ( 909 ) , who crowned King Æthelstan .

The first Bishop of Wells was Athelm ( circa 909 ) , who crowned King Athelstan .


Bishop Jocelin continued the building campaign begun by Bishop Reginald and was responsible for the Bishop 's Palace , the choristers ' school , a grammar school , a hospital for travellers and a chapel .

Jocelyn 's buildings included the Bishop 's Palace , a choristers ' school , a grammar school , a hospital for travellers and a chapel .


Orion has a share in four major markets - South Korea , Russia , Vietnam and China .

Orion has four major share markets - South Korea , China , Vietnam , and Russia .


The Choco pie or Choco Pie is a snack cake consisting of two small round layers of cake with marshmallow filling with chocolate covering , similar to a pie .

A choco pie is a small snack cake made up of two small round layers of cake with marshmallow filling and a chocolate covering .


In 1929 , Chattanooga Bakery created the official Moon pie with marshmallow filling and Graham crackers for local miners in Chattanooga , Tennessee .

Chattanooga Bakery in Chattanooga , Tennessee created the Moon pie with Graham crackers and marshmallow filling which is similar to the Choco Pie of nowadays .


He returned to South Korea and began experimenting with a chocolate biscuit cake , creating the Choco Pie as it is known to Koreans .

Finally , he created the Choco Pie as it is known to Koreans now .


Orion Confectionery began selling a similar product known as ` Orion Choco Pie ' in 1974 .

Tongyang R&D , the snack company of South Korea , began selling a similar type of chocolate cake with marshmallow filling named ` Orion Choco Pie ' in 1974 .


Around 12.1 billion Choco Pies have been sold all over the world .

World sales were 12.1 billion Choco Pies , and a third of Orion 's profits is from outside Korea .


Tongyang Confectionery later renamed the company Orion Confectionery thanks to the success of the Orion Choco Pie brand .

Later Tongyang R&D changed its name into Orion Confectionery because of the success of ` Orion Choco Pie ' .


In 2002 , his setting of Psalm 150 , commissioned for the Queen 's Golden Jubilee , was performed at the Jubilee thanksgiving service in St Paul 's Cathedral , London .

In 2002 his setting of Psalm 150 , written for the Queen 's Golden Jubilee , was performed at the thanksgiving service in St Paul 's Cathedral , London .


In 1980 , he was made an honorary Fellow of Westminster Choir College , Princeton , and in 1988 a Fellow of the Guild of Church Musicians .

Rutter has been given many honors , including honorary Fellow of Westminster Choir College , Princeton ( 1980 ) , Fellow of the Guild of Church Musicians ( 1988 ) .


Rutter is also a Vice President of the Joyful Company of Singers Rutter 's compositions are chiefly choral , and include Christmas carols , anthems and extended works such as a Gloria , the Requiem and the Magnificat .

Rutter 's compositions include Christmas carols , anthems and longer choral works such as a Gloria , a Magnificat , and a Requiem .


In 1996 , the Archbishop of Canterbury conferred a Lambeth Doctorate of Music upon him in recognition of his contribution to church music .

In 1996 the Archbishop of Canterbury gave him the Lambeth Doctorate of Music to celebrate all he has done for church music .


The main topics considered in the 60 Minutes program , which was broadcast a week before Christmas 2003 , were Rutter 's popularity with choral groups in the United States , Britain and other parts of the world and his composition Mass of the Children , written after the sudden death of his son Christopher while a student at Clare College , Cambridge , ( where Rutter himself had studied ) .

Rutter studied music at Clare College , Cambridge .


In 1981 , Rutter founded his own choir , the Cambridge Singers , which he conducts and with which he has made many recordings of sacred choral repertoire ( including his own works ) , particularly under his own label Collegium Records .

In 1981 Rutter started a choir of his own , the Cambridge Singers .


Conrad III of Wittelsbach was appointed the Archbishop of Salzburg in 1177 at the Diet of Venice , after the partisans of both Pope and Emperor were deposed .

Conrad III of Wittelsbach was appointed the Archbishop of Salzburg in 1177 at the Diet of Venice , after the supporters of both Pope and Emperor were deposed .


Arno also began the copying of 150 volumes from the court of Charlemagne , beginning the oldest library in Austria .

Arno also began the copying of 150 volumes from the court of Charlemagne .


Archbishop Eberard I of Hilpolstein-Biburg was allowed to reign in peace , but his successor Conrad II of Austria earned the Emperor 's wrath and died in 1168 in Admont a fugitive .

Archbishop Eberard I of Hilpolstein-Biburg was allowed to reign in peace , but his successor Conrad II of Austria made the Emperor 's angry and died in 1168 in Admont trying to hide from the Emperor .


The last Prince-Archbishop exercising secular authority was Count Hieronymus von Colloredo , an early patron of Salzburg native Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart .

He was Hieronymus von Colloredo , who was an early patron of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart .


Gebhard thus suffered a nine-year exile , and was allowed to return shortly before his death and was buried in Admont .

Because of this , Gebhard was exiled for nine years , but was allowed to return shortly before his death and was buried in Admont .


The Archbishopric of Salzburg was a Prince-Bishopric and state of the Holy Roman Empire for many centuries .

The Archbishopric of Salzburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire Archbishop of Salzburg as a Prince-Bishop .


The Archbishops again took the side of the Pope during the strife between them and the Hohenstaufens .

The Archbishops again took the side of the Pope during the arguments between the Pope and the Hohenstaufens .


In either case , it was not until after 700 that Christian civilisation re-emerged in the region .

It was not until after 700 that Christian civilisation started to grow again in the region .


When the dispute over the ecclesiastical border between Salzburg and the Patriarchate of Aquileia broke out , Charlemagne declared the Drava to be the border .

When the dispute over the church 's border between Salzburg and Aquileia broke out , Charlemagne declared the River Drave to be the border .


Béatrice Martin ( born September 22 , 1989 ) , better known by her stage name Cœur de pirate ( French : pirate heart ) is a Canadian singer-songwriter .

Béatrice Martin ( born 22 September 1989 ) , better known by her stage name Cœur de pirate , is a Canadian singer and a pianist .


Her second album , Blonde , was released on November 7 , 2011 in both digital and hard copy versions .

Her second album was released in November 2011 .


The Victoires de la Musique is an annual French award ceremony .

The Victoires de la Musique ( Music 's Victories ) is an annual French award ceremony .


The term megacaldera is sometimes used for caldera supervolcanoes , such as the Blake River Megacaldera Complex in the Abitibi greenstone belt of Ontario and Quebec , Canada .

The term megacaldera is sometimes used for calderas which are quite similar to supervolcanoes , such as the Blake River Megacaldera Complex in the Abitibi greenstone belt of Ontario and Quebec , Canada .


This is thousands of times larger than normal volcanic eruptions .

This is thousands of times bigger than most volcanic eruptions which happened a long time .


Since 2000 , however , the term has been used by professionals when presenting to the public .

Since 2003 , however , the term has been used by professionals when showing things to the public .


Although there are only a handful of Quaternary supervolcanoes , supervolcanic eruptions typically cover huge areas with lava and volcanic ash and cause a long-lasting change to weather ( such as the triggering of a small ice age ) sufficient to threaten species with extinction .

Although there are not many Quaternary supervolcanoes , supervolcanic eruptions usually cover very big areas with lava and volcanic ash .


Supervolcanoes can occur either when magma in the mantle rises into the crust from a hotspot but is unable to break through the crust , thus pressure builds in a large and growing magma pool until the crust is unable to contain the pressure ( this is the case for the Yellowstone Caldera ) , but they can also form at convergent plate boundaries ( for example , Toba ) .

Supervolcanoes can occur when magma in the Earth rises into the crust from a hotspot , but can not break through the crust .


A supervolcano is any volcano capable of producing a volcanic eruption with an ejecta volume greater than 1,000 km3 ( 240 cu mi ) .

A supervolcano is a volcano that can make a volcanic eruption where the things being thrown out of the volcano have a volume bigger than 1,000 km3 ( 240 cu mi ) .


Volcanologists and geologists do not refer to `` supervolcanoes '' in their scientific work , since this is a blanket term that can be applied to a number of different geological conditions .

Volcanologists and geologists do not say `` supervolcanoes '' in their scientific work .


It includes Africa south of the Sahara Desert , the southern and eastern fringes of the Arabian Peninsula , the island of Madagascar , southern Iran and extreme southwestern Pakistan , and the islands of the western Indian Ocean .

The zone includes Africa south of the Sahara , the southern and eastern parts of the Arabian Peninsula , the island of Madagascar , southern Iran , extreme southwestern Pakistan , and the islands of the western Indian Ocean .


It was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone or Ethiopian Region .

The zone was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone .


The largest tropical forest zone in Africa are the Congolian forests of the Congo Basin in Central Africa .

The largest tropical forest zone in Africa are the forests of the Congo Basin in Central Africa .


South of the Sahara , two belts of tropical grassland and savanna run east and west across the continent , from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ethiopian Highlands .

South of the Sahara , two belts of tropical and subtropical grasslands , savannas and shrublands run east and west across the continent , from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ethiopian Highlands .


South Arabia , expressed as being mostly Yemen and parts of western Oman and southwestern Saudi Arabia , has few permanent forests .

South Arabia , mostly Yemen and parts of western Oman and southwest Saudi Arabia , has few permanent forests .


The Sudanian Savanna is home to two great flooded grasslands , the Sudd wetland in South Sudan , and the Niger Inland Delta in Mali .

The Sudanian savanna is home to two great flooded grasslands and savannas , the Sudd wetland in the Sudan , and the Niger Inland Delta in Mali .


Most of the Afrotropic , with the exception of Africa 's southern tip , has a tropical climate .

Most of the Afrotropic , has a tropical climate .


The forest zone , a belt of lowland tropical moist broadleaf forests , runs across most of equatorial Africa 's intertropical convergence zone .

A belt of lowland tropical moist broadleaf forests , runs across most of equatorial Africa .


Rainfall increases further south in the Sudanian Savanna , also known simply as the Sudan , a belt of taller grasslands and savannas .

Rainfall increases further south in the Sudan , a belt of taller grasslands and savannas .


A broad belt of deserts , including the Atlantic and Sahara deserts of northern Africa and the Arabian Desert of the Arabian Peninsula , separate the Afrotropic from the Palearctic ecozone , which includes northern Africa and temperate Eurasia .

A broad belt of deserts separate the Afrotropic from the Palearctic ecozone , which includes northern Africa and temperate Eurasia .


Other woodlands scatter the land and are very small and are predominately juniper or acacia forests .

Otherwise woodlands scatter the land and are very small Juniper or Acacia forests .


Madagascar contains several important biospheres , as its Biodiversity and ratio of endemicism is extremely high .

Madagascar contains several important biospheres : its biodiversity and numbers of unique species is high .


In the Oxy-Cope rearrangement , a hydroxyl group is added at C3 forming an enal or enone after Keto-enol tautomerism of the intermediate enol :

The Oxy-Cope rearrangement a hydroxyl group is added at C3 forming an enal or enone after Keto-enol tautomerism of the intermediate enol :


The name sigmatropic is the result of a compounding of the long-established sigma designation from single carbon-carbon bonds and the Greek word tropos , meaning turn .

The name sigmatropic is the result of a compounding of the long-established `` sigma '' name for single carbon-carbon bonds and the Greek word tropos , meaning turn .


Main article : Claisen rearrangement Discovered in 1912 by Rainer Ludwig Claisen , the Claisen rearrangement is the first recorded example of a ( 3,3 ) - sigmatropic rearrangement .


For example , the following hydrogen atom migration is of order ( 1,5 ) , attained by counting counterclockwise through the π system , rather than the ( 1,3 ) order designation through the ring CH2 group that would mistakenly result if counted clockwise .

For example , the following hydrogen atom migration is of order ( 1,5 ) , attained by counting counterclockwise through the π system , rather than the ( 1,3 ) order through the ring CH2 group that would mistakenly result if counted clockwise .


Photochemical ( 1,3 ) shifts should proceed through suprafacial shifts ; however , most are non-concerted because they proceed through a triplet state ( i.e. , have a diradical mechanism , to which the Woodward-Hoffmann rules do not apply ) .

Photochemical ( 1,3 ) shifts should be suprafacial shifts ; however , most are non-concerted because they proceed through a triplet state ( that is , they have a diradical mechanism , to which the Woodward-Hoffmann rules do not apply ) .


In this type of rearrangement reaction , a substituent moves from one part of a π-bonded system to another part in an intramolecular reaction with simultaneous rearrangement of the π system .

In a sigmatropic reaction , a substituent moves from one part of a π-bonded system to another part in an intramolecular reaction with simultaneous rearrangement of the π system .


In cases of stereochemical retention , the migrating group translates without rotation into the bonding position , while in the case of stereochemical inversion the migrating group both rotates and translates to reach its bonded conformation .

In the case of stereochemical inversion the migrating group both rotates and translates to reach its bonded conformation .


The numbers that correspond to the atoms forming the new bond are then separated by a comma and placed within brackets to create the sigmatropic reaction order descriptor .

The numbers that correspond to the atoms forming the new bond are then separated by a comma and placed within brackets .


These reactions are still not common in open chain systems because of the highly ordered nature of the transition state , which is more readily achieved in cyclic molecules .

These reactions are still not common in open chain systems because of the highly ordered nature of the transition state .


An odd number is an indication of the involvement of a charged C atom or of a heteroatom lone pair replacing a CC double bond .

An odd number suggests that there is a charged C atom or of a heteroatom lone pair replacing a carbon-carbon double bond .


Here the geometry of the transition state is prohibitive , but an alkyl group , due to the nature of its orbitals , can invert its geometry , form a new bond with the back lobe of its sp3 orbital , and therefore proceed via a suprafacial shift .

But an alkyl group , due to the nature of its orbitals , can invert its geometry and form a new bond with the back lobe of its sp3 orbital .


If the migrating group remains on the same face of the π system , the shift is known as suprafacial , while if the migrating group transfers to the opposite face is called an antarafacial shift , which are impossible for transformations that occur within small - or medium-sized rings .

If the migrating group remains on the same face of the π system , the shift is known as suprafacial .


In principle , all sigmatropic shifts can occur with either a retention or inversion of the geometry of the migrating group , depending upon whether the original bonding lobe of the migrating atom or its other lobe is used to form the new bond .

This depends on whether the original bonding lobe of the migrating atom or its other lobe is used to form the new bond .


Although such a shift is symmetry allowed , the Mobius topology required in the transition state prohibits such a shift because it is geometrically impossible , which accounts for the fact that enols do not isomerize without an acid or base catalyst .

Although such a shift is symmetry allowed , the Mobius topology required in the transition state prohibits such a shift .


Sigmatropic rearrangements are concisely described by an order term ( i , j ) , which is defined as the migration of a σ-bond adjacent to one or more π systems to a new position ( i − 1 ) and ( j − 1 ) atoms removed from the original location of the σ-bond .

Sigmatropic rearrangements are described by an order term ( i , j ) .


A sigmatropic reaction in organic chemistry is a pericyclic reaction wherein the net result is one σ-bond is changed to another σ-bond in an uncatalyzed intramolecular process .

A sigmatropic reaction in organic chemistry is a pericyclic reaction .


A convenient means of determining the order of a given sigmatropic rearrangement is to number the atoms of the bond being broken as atom 1 , and then count the atoms in each direction from the broken bond to the atoms that form the new σ-bond in the product , numbering consecutively .

Chemists count the atoms in each direction from the broken bond to the atoms that form the new σ-bond in the product .


However , another stereochemical transition effect equally capable of producing inversion or retention products is whether the migrating group remains on the original face of the π system after rebonding or instead transfers to the opposite face of the π system .

The migrating group can stay on the original face of the π system after rebonding .


When determining the order of a sigmatropic shift involving a hydrogen atom migration it is critical to count across all atoms involved in the reaction rather than only across the closest atoms .

So , chemists count across all atoms involved in the reaction rather than only across the closest atoms .


In the case of hydrogen atom migrations , a similar technique may be applied .

The carbon chain does not break in a hydrogen atom migration .


The 1986 Formula One season was the 37th season of FIA Formula One motor racing .

The 1986 Formula One season was the 37th of the championship .


Through these advices , the senate directed the magistrates , especially the Roman consuls ( the chief magistrates ) in their prosecution of military conflicts .

Through such advice , the Senate directed the magistrates , especially the Roman Consuls ( the chief magistrates ) in their handling of military conflicts .


The Roman Senate was a political institution in ancient Rome .

The Roman Senate was the longest-lasting institution in Ancient Rome .


As the Roman Republic grew , the senate also supervised the administration of the provinces , which were governed by former consuls and praetors , in that it decided which magistrate should govern which province .

As the Roman Empire grew , the Senate also supervised the administration of the provinces , which were governed by former consuls and praetors .


This was especially the case with regards to its management of state finances , as only it could authorize the disbursal of public funds from the treasury .

Only the Senate could authorize the disbursal of public funds from the treasury .


It survived the overthrow of the kings in 509 BC , the fall of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC , the split of the Roman Empire in 395 AD , the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD , and barbarian rule of Rome in the 5th , 6th , and 7th centuries .

It survived the kings , the Roman Republic ( 509 BC-27 BC ) , the Roman Empire ( 27 BC-395 AD and the fall of the Western Roman Empire ( 395-476 AD ) .


The word senate derives from the Latin word senex , which means `` old man '' ; the word thus means `` assembly of elders '' .

The word `` senate '' came from ` senex ' meaning `` old man '' .


It was one of the most enduring institutions in Roman history , being founded in the first days of the city ( traditionally founded in 753 BC ) .

It began in the first years of the city , which was supposedly founded in 753 BC .


While these decrees did not hold legal force , they usually were obeyed in practice .


The Trojans football team has won 11 national championships .

The football team has won several national championships and 23 Rose Bowls , a game played between two of the top football teams in the country .


USC sponsors a variety of intercollegiate sports and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) as a member of the Pacific-12 Conference .

USC has 19 sports teams that compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I-A Pacific-10 Conference .


Though generally limited to football , USC has a major rivalry with Notre Dame .

In sports , USC has a strong rivalry with UCLA , the other big school in Los Angeles , in all sports and a strong rivalry with Notre Dame in football .


The University of Southern California ( known as USC or SC ) is a private , not-for-profit , nonsectarian , research university founded in 1880 with its main campus in Los Angeles , California .

The University of Southern California ( also called USC , SC , and Southern California ) is a private , research university in the Exposition Park neighborhood in Los Angeles , California , USA .


Such courts are called `` Chapter III Courts '' are the only courts that can exercise federal judicial power .

Such courts are called `` Chapter III Courts '' are the only courts that can use federal judicial power .


In 1999 , a proposed preamble , principally authored by John Howard , the then Prime Minister , was defeated in a referendum held concurrently with the Republic referendum .

In 1999 , a proposed preamble , written by John Howard , the then Prime Minister , was defeated in a referendum held concurrently with the Republic referendum .


Section 79 allows Parliament to prescribe the number of judges able to exercise federal jurisdiction and section 80 guarantees trial by jury for indictable offences against the Commonwealth .

Section 79 allows Parliament to limit the number of judges able to exercise federal jurisdiction and section 80 guarantees trial by jury for indictable offences against the Commonwealth .


This is the so-called ` Nexus ' , which is designed to prevent swamping of the senate 's power in the case of a joint sitting ( see Section 57 below ) .

It designed to prevent swamping of the senate 's power in the case of a joint sitting ( see Section 57 below ) .


These powers , along with the powers to dissolve ( or refuse to dissolve ) parliament ( Section 5 , Section 57 ) , are termed `` reserve powers '' , and their use is dictated by convention .

These powers , along with the powers to dissolve ( or refuse to dissolve ) parliament ( Section 5 , Section 57 ) , are termed `` reserve powers '' .


While a pro forma preamble prefaces the Imperial Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 , the Australian Constitution itself does not contain a preamble .

While a pro forma preamble prefaces the Imperial Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 , the Australian Constitution itself does not have a preamble .


However , in contrast with the constitutions of other Commonwealth Realms such as Canada which formally grant extensive reserve powers to the Monarch , even the formal powers of the Queen of Australia are extremely limited , and most powers are only exercisable by the Governor-General .

However , in contrast with the constitutions of other Commonwealth Realms such as Canada which formally grant extensive reserve powers to the Monarch , even the formal powers of the Queen of Australia are extremely limited , and most powers can only be used by the Governor-General .


Section 96 gives the Commonwealth power to make grants to States `` on such terms and conditions as the Parliament thinks fit '' .

Section 96 gives the Commonwealth power to give money to States `` on such terms and conditions as the Parliament thinks fit '' .


In 1895 , the six premiers of the Australian colonies agreed to establish a new Convention by popular vote .

In 1895 , the six premiers of the Australian colonies agreed to set up a new Convention by popular vote .


The Statute of Westminster freed the Dominions , including the Commonwealth , from Imperial restrictions .

The Statute of Westminster freed the Dominions , including the Commonwealth , from Imperial laws and controls .


This was resolved by the Statute of Westminster 1931 , adopted by the Commonwealth via the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 .

This was fixed by the Statute of Westminster 1931 , adopted by the Commonwealth via the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 .


Section 81 prescribes that all Commonwealth revenue shall form the Consolidated Revenue Fund .

Section 81 says that all Commonwealth revenue shall form the Consolidated Revenue Fund .


There has been only one instance of the Governor-General acting outside the advice of the Prime Minister of the day , when Governor-General Sir John Kerr , acting on his own authority , dismissed Prime Minister Gough Whitlam in the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis .

Governor-General Sir John Kerr , acting on his own , dismissed Prime Minister Gough Whitlam in the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis .


Chapter VII provides that the seat of government of the Commonwealth ( now Canberra ) shall be located within New South Wales but no less than one hundred miles from Sydney , and that the Governor-General may appoint deputies .

Chapter VII says that the seat of government of the Commonwealth ( now Canberra ) shall be in New South Wales but no less than one hundred miles from Sydney , and that the Governor-General may appoint deputies .


There have been some calls for the insertion of such a section to express the spirit and aspirations embodied in the constitution .

There have been some calls to add one to express the spirit and aspirations embodied in the constitution .


Although Federation is often regarded as the moment of `` independence '' of Australia from Britain , legally the Commonwealth was a creation of the British Imperial Parliament , through the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 ( Imp ) , which applied to Australia by paramount force .

Although Federation made Australia independent of Britain , legally the Commonwealth was a creation of the British Imperial Parliament , through the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 ( Imp ) , which applied to Australia .


This power , although evidently envisaged as a temporary measure ( `` during a period of ten years ... and thereafter until the Parliament otherwise provides '' ) , has been used by the Commonwealth to encourage cooperation by the States to various extents over the years .

This power , which was only meant to be used ( `` during a period of ten years ... and thereafter until the Parliament otherwise provides '' ) , has been used by the Commonwealth to encourage cooperation by the States to various extents over the years .


These are the Statute of Westminster , as adopted by the Commonwealth in the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 , and the Australia Act 1986 , which was passed in equivalent forms by the Parliaments of every Australian state , the United Kingdom , and the Australian Federal Parliament .

The second is the Australia Act 1986 , which was passed by the Parliaments of every Australian state , the United Kingdom , and the Australian Federal Parliament .


Western Australia finally agreed to join the Commonwealth in time for it to be an original member of the Commonwealth of Australia , which was officially established on 1 January 1901 .

Western Australia finally agreed to join the Commonwealth in time for it to join the Commonwealth of Australia , which officially began on 1 January 1901 .


After the constitutional amendment bill has passed both the parliamentary stage and the referendum , it then receives Royal Assent .

After the constitutional amendment bill has passed both the parliament and the referendum , it then receives Royal Assent from the Governor-General .


See also Australian constitutional law - Protection of rights The Australian Constitution does not include a Bill of Rights .


Under this Chapter , the Governor-General is the commander in chief , and may appoint and dismiss the members of the Executive Council , ministers of state , and all officers of the executive government .

He or she may appoint and dismiss the members of the Executive Council , ministers of state , and all officers of the executive government .


The Constitution was approved in a series of referendums held over 1898-1900 by the people of the Australian colonies , and the approved draft was enacted as a section of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 ( Imp ) , an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom .

The Constitution was then passed as a part of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 ( Imp ) , an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom .


Section 127 previously provided that Aborigines can not be counted in any Commonwealth or State census ; this section was repealed in 1967 .

Section 127 first said that Aborigines can not be counted in any Commonwealth or State census .


Section 122 allows the Parliament to provide for the representation in Parliament of any territory surrendered by the States , or placed by the Queen in the authority of the Commonwealth .

Section 122 allows the Parliament to provide for the representation in Parliament of any new territory .


The number of electorates in a State is to be ( roughly ) proportional to its share of the national population .

The number of electorates in a State is to be based on its share of the national population .


Successful amendment requires : The referendum bill must be put to the people by the Governor-General between two and six months after passing parliament .

A successful change needs : The Governor-General must put the referendum bill to the people between two and six months after passing parliament .


As a symbol of the significance of this legislation , Queen Elizabeth II traveled to Australia to personally sign the proclamation of the law .

As this was a very important document , Queen Elizabeth II traveled to Australia to sign the proclamation of the law .


Legally , this is often regarded as the moment of Australia 's national independence .

Legally , this is the moment of Australia 's national independence .


Section 128 provides that constitutional amendments must be approved by a referendum .

Section 128 says that changes must be approved by a referendum .


Section 101 sets up an Inter-State Commission , a body which is now defunct , but which was originally envisaged to have a significant role in the federal structure .

Section 101 sets up an Inter-State Commission , a body which is no longer exists , but which was meant to have a significant role in the federal structure .


The meetings produced a new draft which contained substantially the same principles of government as the 1891 draft , but with added provisions for responsible government .

The meetings produced a new Constitution that was the same as the 1891 draft , but with added provisions for responsible government .


The Federal Council could legislate on certain subjects , but did not have a permanent secretariat , an executive , or independent source of revenue .

This Federal Council could make laws on certain subjects , but did not have a permanent office , an executive , or its own source of income .


Section 71 vests judicial power in a `` Federal Supreme Court '' to be called the High Court of Australia , and such other federal courts as Parliament creates , and in such other courts as Parliament invests with federal jurisdiction .

Section 71 gives judicial power in a `` Federal Supreme Court '' to be called the High Court of Australia .


The history of the Constitution of Australia began with moves towards federation in the 19th century , which culminated in the federation of the Australian colonies to form the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901 .

The history of the Constitution of Australia began with moves towards federation in the 19th century .


Section 111 provides that a State can surrender any part of the State to the Commonwealth .

Section 111 says that a State can give up any part of its lands to the Commonwealth .


Section 116 establishes what is often called `` freedom of religion '' , by forbidding the Commonwealth from making any law for the establishment of a religion , imposing any religious observance , or prohibiting the exercise of a religion , or religious discrimination for public office .

Section 116 sets out `` freedom of religion '' , by stopping the Commonwealth from making any law to start a religion , imposing any religious observance , or stop a religion , or religious discrimination for public office .


When proclaimed , it will be in effect , and the wording of the Constitution will be changed .

This makes it the new law and the wording of the Constitution will be changed .


Of the thirty-nine elements of section 51 , a few have become critical in determining the scope of Commonwealth government action , including the Trade and Commerce Power , the Corporations Power and the External Affairs Power .

These include the Trade and Commerce Power , the Corporations Power and the External Affairs Power .


Under Australia 's common law system , the High Court of Australia and the Federal Court of Australia have the authority to interpret constitutional provisions .

Under Australia 's common law system , the High Court of Australia and the Federal Court of Australia have the power to decide what the constitution actually means .


Finally , the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act was passed by the British Parliament in 1900 .

The British Parliament passed the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act in 1900 .


Even though the same person , Queen Elizabeth II , is the monarch of both countries , she acts in a distinct capacity as monarch of each .

Even though the same person , Queen Elizabeth II , is the monarch of both countries , these are now separate countries .


The most important is the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia , which is referred to as the `` Constitution '' in the remainder of this article .

The most important is the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia .


Section 74 provides for the circumstances in which an appeal can be made to the Queen in Council .

Section 74 explains how an appeal can be made to the Queen in Council .


As nearly as practicable , Section 24 requires the House to be composed of twice as many members as the Senate , each elected by a single electorate .

Section 24 says the House must have twice as many members as the Senate , each elected by a single electorate .


In addition to ending the British Parliament 's power to legislate over Australian states , the Australia Act also cut the last avenues of appeal from the Australian courts to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council .

It also stopped appeals from the Australian courts to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council .


Parliament can make laws as to the appropriations of money ( Section 53 ) .

Parliament can make laws as to the how its money is spent ( Section 53 ) .


Henry Parkes , the Premier of New South Wales , was instrumental in pushing for a series of conferences in the 1890s to discuss federalism - one in Melbourne in 1890 , and another ( the National Australasian Convention ) in Sydney in 1891 , attended by colonial leaders .

The first one was in Melbourne in 1890 , and another , the National Australasian Convention , in Sydney in 1891 .


The following are implied rights or freedoms : Attempts in High Court cases to find further implied rights or freedoms have not been successful .

Other attempts to find other `` implied rights '' in High Court cases have not been successful .


Section 123 requires that changing the boundaries of a State requires the consent of the Parliament of that State and approval by referendum in that State .

Section 123 says that changing the boundaries of a State needs the support of the Parliament of that State and must pass a referendum in that State .


Part II of this chapter deals with the Senate .

Part II of Chapter 1 is about the Senate .


Even though the Constitution was originally given legal force by an Act of the United Kingdom parliament , the Australia Act 1986 removed the power of the United Kingdom parliament to change the Constitution as in force in Australia , and the Constitution can now only be changed in accordance with the prescribed referendum procedures .

Even though the Constitution was an Act of the United Kingdom parliament , the Australia Acts took away the power of the United Kingdom parliament to change the Constitution .


After one failed attempt , an amended draft was submitted to the electors of each colony except Western Australia .

After one failed attempt , a changed draft was given to the electors of each colony except Western Australia .


The Constitution of Australia is the supreme law under which the Commonwealth Government of Australia operates , including its relationship to the States of Australia .

The Constitution of Australia is the laws that set up the Australian Commonwealth Government and the way it works .


As a result , the Australian Constitution has often been criticised for its scant protection of rights and freedoms .

As a result , the Australian Constitution has often been criticised for not protecting rights and freedoms .


Under the guidance of Sir Samuel Griffith , a draft constitution was drawn up .

With help from Sir Samuel Griffith , a draft constitution was written .


Part III deals with the House of Representatives .

Part III of Chapter 1 is about the House of Representatives .


Section 68 states that the Commander-in-Chief of Australia 's naval and military forces is the Governor-General as the Queen 's representative .

Section 68 says that the Command in chief of Australia 's naval and military forces as being : `` The command in chief of the naval and military forces of the Commonwealth is vested in the Governor General as the Queen 's representative '' .


Furthermore , the draft constitution sidestepped certain important issues , such as tariff policy .

The draft constitution also left out important , but difficult , issues , such as tariff policy .


Some delegates to the 1898 Constitutional Convention favored a section similar to the Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution , but the majority felt that the traditional rights and freedoms of British subjects were sufficiently guaranteed by the Parliamentary system and independent judiciary which the Constitution would create .

Some people at the 1898 Constitutional Convention wanted a Bill of Rights like the United States Constitution , but the majority felt that the traditional rights and freedoms of British subjects were enough .


In 1990 , the original copy of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 from the Public Records Office in London was lent to Australia , and the Australian government requested permission to keep the copy .

In 1990 , the Public Records Office in London loaned the original copy 1900 of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act to Australia .


Before the Bill was passed , however , one final change was made by the imperial government , upon lobbying by the Chief Justices of the colonies , so that the right to appeal from the High Court to the Privy Council on constitutional matters concerning the limits of the powers of the Commonwealth or States could not be curtailed by parliament .

The Chief Justices of the colonies wanted the right to appeal decisions of the High Court to the Privy Council on constitutional matters .


On 6 November 1999 , Australians rejected a proposal to remove the Queen and replace the Governor-General with a President appointed by a two-thirds majority of the members of the Commonwealth Parliament .

The President was to be appointed by a two-thirds majority of the members of the Commonwealth Parliament .


This power has been held to be unconstrained by any other provision , such as Section 99 which forbids giving preference to one State or part thereof over another State or part thereof .

This power is not limited by any other part of the Constitution , such as Section 99 that forbids giving preference to one State or over another State .


Section 114 forbids any State from raising a military force , and also forbids the State or the Commonwealth from taxing each other 's property .

Section 114 stops any state from having its own military force .


Part V deals with the powers of the parliament .

Part V of Chapter 1 is about the powers of the parliament .


Chapter VI allows for the establishment or admission of new states .

Chapter VI allows new states to be made , or to join the Commonwealth .


To ensure popular support , the draft was presented to the electors of each colony .

To get popular support , the draft was voted on by the electors of each colony .


Chapter I sets up the legislative branch of government , the Parliament of Australia , which consists of three constituent parts : The Sovereign ( King or Queen ) , who is represented by the Governor-General of Australia ; the House of Representatives ; and the Senate .

Chapter I sets up the Parliament of Australia .


Section 109 provides that , where a State law is inconsistent with a federal law , the federal law prevails ( to the extent of the inconsistency ) .

Section 109 says that , where a State law is different to a federal law , the federal law is the legal law .


The draft of 1891 was submitted to colonial parliaments but lapsed in New South Wales , after which the other colonies were unwilling to proceed .

The draft of 1891 was given to colonial parliaments but was not supported by New South Wales .


However , these meetings lacked popular support .

These meetings did not have popular support .


By the 1880s , fear of the growing presence of the Germans and the French in the Pacific , coupled with a growing Australian identity , created the opportunity for establishing the first inter-colonial body , the Federal Council of Australasia , established in 1889 .

Along with a growing Australian identity , this created the opportunity to start the first inter-colonial body , the Federal Council of Australasia , in 1885 .


The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 ( Imp ) became law on 9 July 1900 , and entered into force on 1 January 1901 .

The Constitution became law on 1 January 1901 .


This was altered by the Australia Act 1986 , which was passed in substantially the same form by the Commonwealth parliament and the British parliament , at the request of each state .

This was fixed by the Australia Act 1986 , which was passed by the parliaments of Australia , the United Kingdom , and each of the states .


Section 52 deals with powers exclusively vested in the Commonwealth parliament .

Section 52 deals with powers that belong only to the Commonwealth parliament .