The motivation here is that the `` p '' - torsion in the ideal class group of formula_14 had already been identified by Kummer as the main obstruction to the direct proof of Fermat 's last theorem .

The motivation here was undoubtedly that the formula_4-torsion in the ideal class group of formula_15 had already been identified by Kummer as the main obstacle to the direct proof of Fermat 's last theorem .


The area encompassed by the province reverted to Mutsu some time between 722 and 724 .

The area of the province reverted to Mutsu some time between 722 and 724 .


is an old province in the area of Fukushima Prefecture .

is an old province in the area of Fukushima Prefecture on the island of Honshū .


Iyo bordered on Awa , Sanuki , and Tosa Provinces .

Iyo had borders with Awa , Sanuki , and Tosa Provinces .


The ancient provincial capital was near modern Imabari .

The ancient capital city of the province was near modern Imabari .


was an old province of Japan in the area that is today Ehime Prefecture on Shikoku .

was an old province of Japan in the area of Ehime Prefecture on the island of Shikoku .


Izabal is bordered to the north by Belize , to the north east by the Gulf of Honduras , and to the east by Honduras , and by the Guatemalan departments of Petén to the north west , Alta Verapaz to the west , and Zacapa to the south .

Izabal is bordered to the north by Belize , to the north east by the Gulf of Honduras , and to the east by Honduras . It is bordered by the Guatemalan departments of Petén to the north west , Alta Verapaz to the west , and Zacapa to the south .


The Spanish Colonial fort of San Felipe , now a Guatemalan national monument , overlooks the point where the lake flows into the Río Dulce .

The Spanish Colonial fort of San Felipe overlooks the point where the lake flows into the Río Dulce .


Khayoyev died on 26 April 2015 in Dushanbe , aged 78 .


Izegem is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders .

Izegem is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders .


Izenave is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France .

Izenave is a commune . It is found in the region Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France .


Izernore is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France .

Izernore is a commune . It is found in the region Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France .


Izieu is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France .

Izieu is a commune . It is found in the region Rhône-Alpes in the Ain department in the east of France .


The mainland portion of Izu Province , comprising the Izu Peninsula is today the eastern portion of Shizuoka Prefecture and the Izu Islands are now part of Tokyo .

The Izu Peninsula is today the eastern portion of Shizuoka Prefecture . The Izu Islands are considered part of Tokyo .


As mentioned above , Okuni 's troupe was exclusively female .


This new style of exclusively female troupes became known by the alternative names of `` shibai , onnakabuki , '' ( from `` onna , '' the Japanese word for `` woman '' or `` girl '' ) and `` Okuni kabuki . ''

This new style of exclusively female groups became known as shibai , onnakabuki , ( from onna , the Japanese word for `` woman '' or `` girl '' ) and Okuni kabuki .


As her troupe gained fame , she was emulated by many others , particularly brothels , which offered such shows to amuse wealthy clients , as well as to gain prostitutes who had marketable acting and singing skills .

As her group gained fame , she was copied by many others , particularly brothels . They offered such shows to amuse wealthy clients , and get prostitutes who had marketable acting and singing skills .


Izvoarele Sucevei ( ) is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania .

Izvoarele Sucevei is a commune found in Suceava County , Romania .


He was an Iraqi military commander and Army vice chairman of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council until the 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq .

He was an Iraqi military commander and was vice chairman of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council until the 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq .


He was mayor of the city of Bilbao , Biscay in the Basque Country , from 1999 until his death .

From 1999 until his death , he was mayor of the city of Bilbao , Biscay in the Basque Country .


In 2012 , Azkuna won the World Mayor Prize , honoring the most outstanding mayors in the world .

In 2012 , he won the World Mayor Prize , honoring the most outstanding mayors in the world .


J. Bruce Ismay Joseph Bruce Ismay ( 12 December 1862 -- 17 October 1937 ) was an English businessman who served as chairman and managing director of the White Star Line of steamships .

J. Bruce Ismay Joseph Bruce Ismay ( December 12 , 1862 -- October 17 , 1937 ) was an English businessman who served as chairman and managing director of the White Star Line .


J. C. Bailey Joseph Carl Bailey Jr. ( August 23 , 1983 -- August 30 , 2010 ) was an American professional wrestler , better known by his ring name J. C. Bailey .

J. C. Bailey Joseph Carl Bailey , Jr. ( August 23 , 1983 -- August 30 , 2010 ) was an American professional wrestler . He was better known as J. C. Bailey .


The cause of death was later determined to be due to a brain aneurysm , caused by complications due to multiple concussions and traumas to the brain .

The cause of his death was later determined to be because of a brain aneurysm that was caused by complications from multiple concussions and traumas to his brain .


J. D. Salinger Jerome David `` J. D. '' Salinger ( ; German / / ; January 1 , 1919 January 27 , 2010 ) was an American writer who won acclaim early in life .

J. D. Salinger Jerome David Salinger ( January 1 , 1919 -- January 27 , 2010 ) , better known as J. D. Salinger , was an American writer .


According to President Harry S. Truman , Hoover transformed the FBI into his private secret police force .

According to President Harry S Truman , Hoover transformed the FBI into his private secret police force .


J. Edgar Hoover John Edgar Hoover ( January 1 , 1895 -- May 2 , 1972 ) was the first Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) of the United States , appointed director of the Bureau of Investigation -- predecessor to the FBI -- in 1924 .

J. Edgar Hoover John Edgar Hoover ( January 1 , 1895 -- May 2 , 1972 ) was an American politician . He was the first Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) of the United States .


In the early 1970s , he was one of the trustees of the Institute for Research in Art and Technology .

He was one of the trustees of the Institute for Research in Art and Technology in the early 1970s .


J. J. Thomson Sir Joseph John `` J. J. '' Thomson , OM , FRS ( ; 18 December 1856 -- 30 August 1940 ) was an English physicist .

J. J. Thomson Sir Joseph John `` J.J. '' Thomson , OM , FRS ( 18 December 1856 -- 30 August 1940 ) was a British physicist and Nobel laureate .


Thomson is also credited with finding the first evidence for isotopes of a stable ( non-radioactive ) element in 1913 , as part of his exploration into the composition of canal rays ( positive ions ) .

Thomson also found the first evidence for isotopes of a stable ( non-radioactive ) element in 1913 , while studying anode rays ( positive ions ) .


J. K. Simmons Jonathan Kimble `` J. K. '' Simmons ( born January 9 , 1955 ) is an American actor of film , television and stage .

J. K. Simmons Jonathan Kimble `` J. K. '' Simmons ( born January 9 , 1955 ) is an American movie , television , stage , and voice actor .


J. LaMoine Jenson Joseph LaMoine Jenson ( June 27 , 1935 -- September 2 , 2014 ) was the leader of the Apostolic United Brethren ( AUB ) , a Mormon fundamentalist polygamist group , from 2005 until his death .

J. LaMoine Jenson Joseph LaMoine Jenson ( June 27 , 1935 -- September 2 , 2014 ) was an American religious leader . He was the leader of the Apostolic United Brethren ( AUB ) , a Mormon fundamentalist polygamist group , from 2005 until his death .


Jenson died of cancer at his home in Eagle Mountain , Utah .

Jenson died of colon cancer in Eagle Mountain , Utah , aged 79 .


J. League Cup J. League Cup is a Japanese football ( soccer ) competition organized by J. League .

J. League Cup J. League Cup is a Japanese football competition .


J. M. Coetzee John Maxwell `` J. M. '' Coetzee ( , ; born 9 February 1940 ) is a South African novelist , essayist , linguist , translator and recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature .

J. M. Coetzee John Maxwell `` J. M. '' Coetzee ( born 9 February 1940 ) is a South African-Australian novelist , essayist , linguist , literacy critic , activist and translator . He won the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature .


J. Michael Riva J. Michael Riva ( June 28 , 1948 -- June 7 , 2012 ) was an American production designer .

J. Michael Riva John Michael Riva ( June 28 , 1948 -- June 7 , 2012 ) or J. Michael Riva was an American production designer .


J. P. Morgan John Pierpont `` J.P. '' Morgan ( April 17 , 1837 -- March 31 , 1913 ) was an American financier , banker and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation during his time .

J. P. Morgan John Pierpont Morgan ( April 17 , 1837 -- March 31 , 1913 ) was an American banker and art collector .


J. P. Parisé Jean-Paul Joseph-Louis Parisé ( December 11 , 1941 -- January 7 , 2015 ) was a Canadian professional ice hockey coach and player .

J. P. Parisé Jean-Paul Joseph-Louis Parisé ( December 11 , 1941 -- January 7 , 2015 ) was a Canadian ice hockey coach and left winger .


The following season saw expansion , and Parisé was drafted by the Oakland Seals on June 6 , 1967 .


He was named twice to play in the NHL All-Star Game , and had his best professional season in 1972 -- 73 , when he scored 27 goals and 75 points .

He played in two NHL All-Star Games , and had his best professional season in the 1972 -- 73 season , scoring a career high 27 goals and 75 points .


He would play three for the Amerks ( and one for the Leafs ) , before being dealt again on December 23 , this time to the Minnesota North Stars along with Milan Marcetta for Murray Hall , Ted Taylor , Len Lunde , Don Johns , Duke Harris , and the loan of Carl Wetzel .

On December 23 , the Maple Leafs traded him along with Milan Marcetta to the Minnesota North Stars in exchange for Murray Hall , Ted Taylor , Len Lunde , Don Johns , Duke Harris , and the loan of Carl Wetzel .


When the kidnappers finally reduced their demands to $ 3 million , Getty senior agreed to pay no more than $ 2.2 million -- the maximum that would be tax deductible .

When the kidnappers finally reduced their demands to $ 3 million Getty senior agreed to pay no more than $ 2.2 million - the maximum that would be tax deductible .


He lived and worked at his 16th-century Tudor estate , Sutton Place near Guildford , Surrey ; the traditional country house became the centre of Getty Oil and his associated companies and he used the estate to entertain his British and Arabian friends ( including the British Rothschild family and numerous rulers of Middle Eastern countries ) .

He lived and worked at his 16th-century Tudor estate , Sutton Place near Guildford ; the traditional country house became the centre of Getty Oil and his associated companies and he used the estate to entertain his British and Arabian friends ( including the British Rothschild family and numerous rulers of Middle Eastern countries ) .


From 1953 onward , Getty 's gamble produced a year , which contributed greatly to the fortune responsible for making him one of the richest people in the world .

From 1953 onward , Getty 's gamble produced 16000000 oilbbl a year , which contributed greatly to the fortune which made him one of the richest people in the world .


In November 1973 an envelope containing a lock of hair and a human ear arrived at a daily newspaper .

In November 1973 an envelope containing a lock of hair and a human ear was delivered to a daily newspaper .


The demand threatened that Paul would be further mutilated unless the victims paid $ 3.2 million : `` This is Paul 's ear .

The demand threatened that Paul would be further mutilated unless $ 3.2 million was paid : `` This is Paul 's ear .


John Paul Getty , Jr. asked his father for the money , but was refused .

John Paul Getty II asked his father for the money , but was refused .


He lent his son the remaining $ 800,000 at 4 % interest .

He loaned his son the remaining $ 800,000 at 4 % interest .


He died 30 years later on February 5 , 2011 at the age of 54 .

He died thirty years later on February 5 , 2011 at the age of 54 .


Getty placed dial-locks on all the regular telephones , limiting their use to authorized staff , and the coin-box telephone was installed for others .

In his autobiography , he described his reasons : Getty placed dial-locks on all the regular telephones , limiting their use to authorised staff , and the coin-box telephone was installed for others .


In 2003 , Martinez sustained severe burns to over 34 percent of his body while serving as an Army infantryman in Iraq .

In 2003 , Martinez sustained severe burns over 34 percent of his body while serving as an Army infantryman in Iraq .


He has two sisters who were raised with his mother 's family in El Salvador , and his sister Anabel died before Martinez ever had the chance to meet her .

He has two sisters who were raised with his mother 's family in El Salvador . His sister Anabel died before Martinez ever had the chance to meet her .


At a young age , he moved with his mother to Hope , Arkansas .

When he was young he moved to Hope , Arkansas with his mother .


Starting in 2008 , he played the role of Brot Monroe on the ABC daytime drama `` All My Children '' .

In 2008 , he played the role of Brot Monroe on the ABC daytime soap opera `` All My Children '' .


Martinez was born in Shreveport , Louisiana , to Maria Zavala .

He was born in Shreveport , Louisiana to Maria Zavala .


At 17 , they moved to Dalton , Georgia , just prior to his senior year of high school .

At 17 , Martinez and his mother moved to Dalton , Georgia , before his senior year of high school .


J. R. Richard James Rodney Richard ( born March 7 , 1950 ) is a former right-handed starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who played his entire career , from 1971 to 1980 , with the Houston Astros .

J. R. Richard James Rodney `` J. R. '' Richard ( born March 7 , 1950 ) is a former Major League Baseball starting pitcher for the Houston Astros .


J. Stanley Marshall J. Stanley Marshall ( January 27 , 1923 -- June 8 , 2014 ) was an American educator .

J. Stanley Marshall J. Stanley Marshall ( January 27 , 1923 -- June 8 , 2014 ) was an American educator and academic .


He also established the James Madison Institute in 1987 .

He also helped establish the James Madison Institute in 1987 .


He was married to Shirley Slade of Longview , Texas .

He was married to Shirley Slade of Longview , Texas for over fifty years .


He was born in Cheswick , Pennsylvania .

Marshall was born in Cheswick , Pennsylvania .


He was president of Florida State University from February 1969 to August 1976 .

He was president of Florida State University from 1969 to 1976 .


Ambassador Middendorf is a member of the board of directors of the International Republican Institute .


J.A.R. `` J.A.R. '' is a song by the American punk rock band Green Day .

J.A.R. `` J.A.R. '' is a song by American punk rock band Green Day .


JSGF stands for Java Speech Grammar Format or the JSpeech Grammar Format ( in a W3C Note ) .

JSGF stands for Java Speech Grammar Format or the JSpeech Grammar Format .


2011 : `` In Heaven '' and first Worldwide Tour .

2011 : `` In Heaven '' and The first Worldwide Tour .


On 28 November 2012 , during a voluntary arbitration at the Seoul Central District Court , SM Entertainment and JYJ reached a mutual agreement to terminate all contracts between the two parties and not to interfere with each other 's activities in the future .

On 28 November 2012 , during a voluntary arbitration at the Seoul Central District Court , SM Entertainment and JYJ have reached a mutual agreement to terminate all contracts between the two parties and not to interfere with each other 's activities in the future .


Washington Wizards ( 2008 -- 2012 ) . McGee was selected 18th overall by the Wizards in the 2008 NBA draft .

McGee was drafted by the Washington Wizards with the 18th overall pick in the 1st round of the 2008 NBA Draft .


Kaarlo Jaakko Juhani Hintikka ( 12 January 1929 -- 12 August 2015 ) was a Finnish philosopher and logician .

Kaarlo Jaakko Juhani Hintikka ( January 12 , 1929 -- August 12 , 2015 ) was a Finnish philosopher and logician .


The prolific author or co-author of over 30 books and over 300 scholarly articles , Hintikka contributed to mathematical logic , philosophical logic , the philosophy of mathematics , epistemology , language theory , and the philosophy of science .

He wrote 30 books and over 300 scholarly articles . Hintikka worked in mathematical logic , philosophical logic , the philosophy of mathematics , epistemology , language theory , and the philosophy of science .


Hintikka was born in Helsingin maalaiskunta ( now Vantaa ) .

He was born in Helsingin maalaiskunta ( now Vantaa ) .


Jaan Arder ( born February 26 , 1952 , Tallinn -- July 24 , 2014 ) was an Estonian singer .

Jaan Arder ( February 26 , 1952 , Tallinn -- July 24 , 2014 ) was an Estonian singer .


Jabbeke ( ) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders .

Jabbeke is a municipality in the Belgian province of West Flanders .


`` Somehow it seems to fill my head with ideas -- only I do n't exactly know what they are !


When Alice has finished reading the poem she gives her impressions : `` It seems very pretty , '' she said when she had finished it , `` but it 's rather hard to understand ! ''

When Alice has finished reading the poem she gives her impressions : ` It seems very pretty , ' she said when she had finished it , ` but it 's rather hard to understand ! '


The jabiru ( or ; ) is a large stork found in the Americas from Mexico to Argentina , except west of the Andes .

The Jabiru ( Jabiru mycteria ) is a large stork found in the Americas from Mexico to Argentina , except west of the Andes .


It is the first Romanesque cathedral built in Aragon ( 1070s-early 12th century ) and one of the oldest in the Iberian peninsula .

This is the first Romanesque cathedral built in Aragon ( 1070s-early 12th century ) . It is one of the oldest cathedrals in the Iberian peninsula .


On November 15 , 2006 , he began serving his term in the minimum security prison camp of Federal Correctional Institution , Cumberland , Maryland , as inmate number 27593-112 .

On November 15 , 2006 , Abramoff began serving his term in the minimum security prison of Federal Correctional Institution , Cumberland , Maryland , as inmate number 27593-112 .


In September he was called before the Committee to answer questions about that work , but pleaded the fifth .

In September he was called before the Committee to answer questions about that work . He did not answer their questions and pleaded the fifth .


He finished working at Tov Pizza when he was released from the halfway house on December 3 , 2010 .

He was released from the halfway house on December 3 , 2010 . On December 13 , 2010 , it was said that Abramoff ended working at Tov Pizza .


He is best known for his 36-year association with the Detroit Red Wings of the NHL as coach and as a general manager .

He is best known for his 36-year association with the Detroit Red Wings of the NHL as coach or general manager .


He later became the first president of the Central Professional Hockey League .

He later became president of the Central Hockey League .


He was a Hall of Fame player during a 10-year professional career with Toronto , Vancouver and Ottawa .

He was a Hall of Fame player during a 10 year professional career with Toronto , Vancouver and Ottawa .


Jack W. Aeby ( ; August 16 , 1923 -- June 19 , 2015 ) was an American environmental physicist most famous for having taken the only well-exposed color photograph of the first detonation of a nuclear weapon on July 16 , 1945 at the Trinity nuclear test site in New Mexico .

Jack W. Aeby ( ; August 16 , 1923 -- June 19 , 2015 ) was an American environmental physicist and photographer . He is known for having taken the only well-exposed color photograph of the first detonation of a nuclear weapon on July 16 , 1945 at the Trinity nuclear test site in New Mexico .


For his contributions to the television industry , Albertson was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6253 Hollywood Boulevard .

For his contributions to the television industry , Jack Albertson was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6253 Hollywood Boulevard .


Jack Benny ( born Benjamin Kubelsky ; February 14 , 1894 -- December 26 , 1974 ) was an American comedian , vaudevillian , radio , television , and film actor , and violinist .

Jack Benny ( born Benjamin Kubelsky ; February 14 , 1894 - December 26 , 1974 ) was an American comedian and actor .


Jack Richard Nelson Betts ( born April 11 , 1929 ) , also credited as Hunt Powers , is an American actor of film , stage , and television .

Jack Richard Nelson Betts ( born April 11 , 1929 ) or Hunt Powers is an American movie , television , stage , voice , radio actor , comedian , and activist .


Jack Nicolas Borotsik ( born November 26 , 1949 ) is a retired Canadian ice hockey centre .

Jack Nicolas Borotsik ( born November 26 , 1949 in Brandon , Manitoba ) is a retired Canadian ice hockey centre .


Sir John Arthur `` Jack '' Brabham , , ( 2 April 1926 -- 19 May 2014 ) was an Australian racing driver who was Formula One champion in , , and .

Sir John Arthur `` Jack '' Brabham , AO , OBE ( 2 April 1926 -- 19 May 2014 ) was an Australian racing driver who was Formula One champion in 1959 , 1960 and 1966 .


Bruce died of liver disease on 25 October 2014 , in Suffolk , England , aged 71 .

Bruce died on 25 October 2014 from liver disease in Suffolk , England , aged 71 .


Jack Chakrin ( June 24 , 1922 -- June 28 , 2015 ) , known by his stage name Jack Carter , was an American comedian , actor and television presenter .

Jack Chakrin ( June 24 , 1923 -- June 28 , 2015 ) , known by his professional name of Jack Carter , was an American comedian , actor and host .


John Stewart `` Jack '' Dalrymple III ( born October 16 , 1948 ) is a North Dakota politician and businessman who has been the 32nd Governor of North Dakota since 2010 .

John Stewart `` Jack '' Dalrymple III ( born October 16 , 1948 ) is an American politician and businessman . He has been the 32nd Governor of North Dakota since 2010 .


He was previously the 36th Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota from 2000 until December 2010 , when Governor John Hoeven resigned and Dalrymple succeeded him .

He was previously the 36th Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota from 2000 until December 2010 . He assumed office of Governor when then-Governor John Hoeven resigned and Dalrymple succeeded him .


Daniel died from blood poisoning at Lynchburg in 1911 .

Daniel died from an infectious case of blood poisoning at Lynchburg in 1911 .


An oft-told tall tale is that the infection began in one of his toes , which Daniel injured one early morning at work by kicking his safe in anger when he could not get it open ( he was said to always have had trouble remembering the combination ) .

The infection allegedly set up originally in a toe , which Daniel injured in kicking his safe in anger when he could not get it open early one morning at work . He always had trouble remembering the combination .


Jasper Newton `` Jack '' Daniel ( January 1849 -- October 10 , 1911 ) was an American distiller and the founder of the Jack Daniel 's Tennessee whiskey distillery .

Jasper Newton `` Jack '' Daniel ( September 5 , 1850 -- October 10 , 1911 ) was an American distiller and the founder of Jack Daniel 's Tennessee whiskey .


John Proctor `` Jack '' Darragh ( December 4 , 1890 -- June 25 , 1924 ) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player .

John Proctor `` Jack '' Darragh ( December 4 , 1890 -- June 25 , 1924 ) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger .


John Leonard `` Jack '' Dyte ( October 13 , 1918 - April 9 , 1974 ) was a Canadian former ice hockey defenceman who played 27 games for the Chicago Black Hawks of the NHL .

John Leonard `` Jack '' Dyte ( October 13 , 1918 - April 9 , 1974 ) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman that played 27 games in National Hockey League with the Chicago Black Hawks .


Jack Brown Ely ( September 11 , 1943 -- April 28 , 2015 ) was an American guitarist and singer , best known for singing the Kingsmen 's version of `` Louie Louie '' .

Jack Ely ( September 11 , 1943 -- April 27 , 2015 ) was an American guitarist and singer . He was best known for singing the Kingsmen 's version of `` Louie Louie '' .


Ely died at his Oregon residence on April 28 , 2015 at the age of 71 , having long suffered from an unknown illness .

Ely died at his Oregon farm residence on April 27 , 2015 age 71 , having long suffered from an unknown illness .


Jack Gilford ( July 25 , 1907 -- June 4 , 1990 ) was an American Broadway , film and television actor .

Jack Gilford ( July 25 , 1908 -- June 4 , 1990 ) was an American movie , television , stage actor , and comedian .


Jack Greene ( January 7 , 1930 -- March 14 , 2013 ) was an American country musician .

Jack Greene ( January 7 , 1930 - March 14 , 2013 ) was an American country musician .


John Bruce `` Jack '' Harris ( 8 December 1922 -- 22 August 2014 ) was a leading Australian professional golfer in the 1946 -- 69 period .

John Bruce `` Jack '' Harris ( 8 December 1922 -- 22 August 2014 ) was an Australian professional golfer .


Harris won a record six Victorian PGA Championship titles from 1950 to 1963 and the Victorian PGA Championship trophy is named the `` Jack Harris Cup '' in his honour .

The Victorian PGA Championship trophy is currently named the `` Jack Harris Cup '' in his honour .


John `` Jack '' Harte ( 10 December 1920 -- 9 March 2015 ) was an Irish Labour Party Senator .

John `` Jack '' Harte ( 10 December 1920 -- 9 March 2015 ) was an Irish politician . He served as a Labour Party Senator .


A former trade union official , Harte was first elected to the 13th Seanad in the 1973 Seanad elections , on the Labour Panel .


On 9 March 2015 , he died at the age of 94 .


Hayward married Jean Mary Forder in 1948 and had two sons , Rick and Jonathan , and a daughter Susan .

He married Jean Mary Forder in 1948 and had two sons , Rick and Jonathan , and a daughter Susan .


Sir Jack Arnold Hayward , OBE ( 14 June 1923 -- 13 January 2015 ) was an English businessman , property developer , philanthropist and president of English football club Wolverhampton Wanderers .

Sir Jack Arnold Hayward OBE ( 14 June 1923 -- 13 January 2015 ) was an English businessman , property developer , and philanthropist . He was the president of football club Wolverhampton Wanderers from 1990 until 2007 .


He moved back to London , England and attended the London School of Economics .

He moved back to London , England and went to college at the London School of Economics .


Jack Herbert Driberg ( April 1888 -- February 5 , 1946 ) was a British anthropologist .

Jack Herbert Driberg ( born April 1888 - died February 5 , 1946 ) was an anthropologist from Britain .


Some of his other notable books are `` A Prayer for the Dying '' ( 1987 ) , `` The Eagle Has Flown '' ( 1991 ) , `` Thunder Point '' ( 1993 ) , `` Angel of Death '' ( 1995 ) , `` Flight of Eagles '' ( 1998 ) , and `` Day of Reckoning '' ( 2000 ) .

He is also known for his books ; `` A Prayer for the Dying '' ( 1987 ) , `` The Eagle Has Flown '' ( 1991 ) , `` Thunder Point '' ( 1993 ) , `` Angel of Death '' ( 1995 ) , `` Flight of Eagles '' ( 1998 ) , and `` Day of Reckoning '' ( 2000 ) . Other websites .


The Jack Hills are a range of hills in Mid West Western Australia .

The Jack Hills are a range of hills in Western Australia .


He was reluctant to accept and only did so when convinced that it was an honour to all professional cricketers , not just himself .

Hobbs was reluctant to accept and only did so when convinced that it was an honour to all professional cricketers , not just himself.p377


Jack Hogan is an American actor , born November 25 , 1929 in Chapel Hill , North Carolina . He was born Richard Roland Benson , Jr. .

Jack Hogan ( born Richard Roland Benson , Jr. ; November 25 , 1929 ) is an American actor .


Jack Frasure Hyles ( September 25 , 1926 -- February 6 , 2001 ) was a leading figure in the Independent Baptist movement , having pastored the First Baptist Church of Hammond in Hammond , Indiana , from 1959 until his death .

Jack Frasure Hyles ( September 25 , 1926 - February 6 , 2001 ) was a important person in the independent Baptist movement . He was the pastor of the First Baptist Church of Hammond in Hammond , Indiana from 1959 until his death in 2001 .


He is best known for publicly championing a terminal patient 's right to die via physician-assisted suicide ; he claimed to have assisted at least 130 patients to that end .

He is best known for publicly championing a terminal patient 's right to die via physician-assisted suicide ; he claimed to have helped at least 130 patients to that end .


Kevorkian was buried in White Chapel Memorial Park Cemetery in Troy , Michigan .

He was buried in White Chapel Memorial Park Cemetery in Troy , Michigan .


He famously said , `` Dying is not a crime . ''

He famously said , `` dying is not a crime '' .


He is best known for his work as Kennedy Space Center Chief of Public Information during projects Mercury , Gemini and Apollo .

He was best known for his work as Kennedy Space Center Chief of Public Information during projects Mercury , Gemini and Apollo .


He was awarded the NASA Distinguished Service Medal for creating the solar shield that saved Skylab after the original micrometeoroid shield was lost during launch of the station .

He was awarded the NASA Distinguished Service Medal for creating the solar shield that saved Skylab .


Jack Kinzler ( January 9 , 1920 -- March 4 , 2014 ) was a NASA engineer , the former chief of the Technical Services Center at NASA 's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center , known within the agency as Mr. Fix It .

Jack Albert Kinzler ( January 9 , 1920 -- March 4 , 2014 ) was an American NASA engineer . He was the chief of the Technical Services Center at NASA 's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center .


Klugman died at the age of 90 in Woodland Hills , California from prostate cancer , on December 24 , 2012 .

Klugman was 90 when he died on December 24 , 2012 in Woodland Hills , California from prostate cancer .


John Jack Kraft ( February 10 , 1921 -- August 28 , 2014 ) was an American basketball coach who coached Villanova for 12 years , from 1961 through 1973 .

John J. `` Jack '' Kraft ( c. 1921 -- August 28 , 2014 ) was an American basketball coach . He coached Villanova for 12 years , from 1961 through 1973 .


He was born in Belleville , Ontario , but grew up in Valleyfield , Quebec .

He was born in Belleville , Ontario but grew up in Valleyfield , Quebec .


Laviolette was one of the first francophone stars of ice hockey .

Laviolette was one of the first stars in hockey to be francophone .


With the formation of the National Hockey Association ( NHA ) in December 1909 , ( replaced 7 years later by the NHL ) , team/league owner Ambrose O'Brien asked Laviolette to put together a team made up of French Canadian players to play as the `` Les Canadiens '' franchise in Montreal .

When the National Hockey Association ( NHA ) formed in December 1909 , ( which was replaced 7 years later by the NHL ) , team/league owner Ambrose O'Brien asked Laviolette to put together a team made up of French Canadian players and play as the `` Les Canadiens '' franchise in Montreal .


A benefit game for Laviolette was arranged at the Mount Royal Arena in 1921 . He was the guest of honour , and also refereed .

There was a benefit game that was held for Laviolette at the Mount Royal Arena in 1921 , which Laviolette was the guest of honour and also refereed .


John `` Jack '' Laviolette ( July 17 , 1879 -- January 9 , 1960 ) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player .

John `` Jack '' Laviolette ( July 17 , 1879 -- January 9 , 1960 ) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman and winger .


Laviolette played nine seasons for the Montreal Canadiens hockey club and was their first captain , coach , and general manager .

Laviolette played 9 seasons with the Montreal Canadiens hockey club . During his time with them , he became their first captain , coach , and general manager .


Laviolette lost his right foot in an automobile accident in 1918 , ending his playing career .

In 1918 , Laviolette lost his right foot in an automobile accident . The accident would end his playing career .


The team he built would go on to be the most successful franchise in professional hockey .

The team that he had put together would go on to become the most successful franchise in professional hockey .


He was the Member of Parliament for Toronto -- Danforth from 2004 until his death .

He was the Member of Parliament for the constituency of Toronto -- Danforth from 2004 until his death .


Lew previously served as Director of the Office of Management and Budget in the Clinton and Obama Administrations , and is a member of the Democratic Party .

Lew previously served as Director of the Office of Management and Budget in the Clinton and Obama Administrations . He is a member of the Democratic party .


Jacob Joseph `` Jack '' Lew ( born August 29 , 1955 ) is an American government administrator and attorney who is the 76th and current United States Secretary of the Treasury , serving since 2013 . He served as the 26th White House Chief of Staff from 2012 to 2013 .

Jacob Joseph `` Jack '' Lew ( born August 29 , 1955 ) is the current United States Secretary of the Treasury and an American government administrator who served as the 25th White House Chief of Staff from 2012 to 2013 .


In 2008 , Neo and Mark Lee bought the Singapore master franchise rights for Old Town White Coffee , a coffee retail concept from Ipoh , Malaysia .

In 2008 , Neo and Mark Lee bought the Singapore master franchise rights for Old Town White Coffee . It is a coffee retail store from Ipoh , Malaysia .


Neo received the Best Director Award at the Silver Screen Awards in 1998 for his short film and was also awarded with the Lifetime Achievement Award in the following year in recognition of his contributions to Singapore 's media industry .

Neo received the Best Director Award at the Silver Screen Awards in 1998 . He was also awarded with the Lifetime Achievement Award in the following year for his contributions to Singapore 's media industry .


Their first store at Big Splash opened on 30 March in that year .

Their first store at Big Splash opened on 30 March in 2008 .


In 2004 , Neo became the first filmmaker in Singapore to be honoured with the Public Service Award .

In 2004 , Neo became the first moviemaker in Singapore to be honoured with the Public Service Award .


Jack Harold Paar ( May 1 , 1918 -- January 27 , 2004 ) was an American author , radio and television comedian and talk show host , best known for his stint as host of `` The Tonight Show '' from 1957 to 1962 .

Jack Harold Paar ( May 1 , 1918 -- January 27 , 2004 ) was an American author , radio and television comedian and talk show host . He is best known as host of `` The Tonight Show '' from 1957 to 1962 .


Ramsay died of cancer in his sleep the night of April 28 , 2014 .

Ramsay died in his sleep from cancer on the night of April 27 , 2014 .


John Travilla `` Jack '' Ramsay ( February 21 , 1925 -- April 28 , 2014 ) was an American basketball coach , commonly known as `` Dr. Jack '' ( as he held an earned doctorate , see below ) .

John T. `` Jack '' Ramsay ( February 21 , 1925 -- April 28 , 2014 ) , also known as `` Dr. Jack '' , was an American basketball coach .


John Edward `` Jack '' Reagan ( July 13 , 1883 -- May 18 , 1941 ) was the father of radio station manager Neil `` Moon '' Reagan ( 1908 -- 1996 ) and his younger brother United States President Ronald Reagan ( 1911 -- 2004 ) .

John Edward `` Jack '' Reagan ( July 13 , 1883 -- May 18 , 1941 ) was the father of United States President Ronald Reagan and his older brother Neil `` Moon '' Reagan .


Jack Rollins ( born Jacob Rabinowitz ; March 23 , 1915 -- June 18 , 2015 ) was an American film and television producer and talent manager of comedians and television personalities .

Jack Rollins ( born Jacob Rabinowitz ; March 23 , 1915 -- June 18 , 2015 ) was an American movie producer and manager of many successful comedians and television personalities .


Jack Skille ( born May 19 , 1987 ) is an American professional ice hockey right winger currently playing for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) .

Jack Skille ( born May 19 , 1987 in Madison , Wisconsin ) is an American professional ice hockey right winger . He currently plays for the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) .


He co-discovered the muon neutrino , along with Leon Lederman and Melvin Schwartz , for which they were given the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics .

He co-discovered the muon neutrino , along with Leon Lederman and Melvin Schwartz . He was given the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics .


Stoddard died on January 29 , 2014 in Owen Sound , Ontario .


Straw 's first marriage , in 1968 , to teacher Anthea Weston , ended in divorce in 1977 .

Straw 's first marriage , in 1968 , to teacher Anthea Weston ended in divorce in 1977 .


They had a daughter , Rachel , born on 24 February 1976 , who died after five days because of a heart defect .

They had a daughter , Rachel , born on 24 February 1976 . She died after five days because of a heart defect .


He supports his local football club Blackburn Rovers , and was made an honorary vice president of them in 1998 by Jack Walker .

He supports his local football club Blackburn Rovers . He was made an Honorary Vice President of Blackburn Rovers in 1998 by Jack Walker .


They have two adult children , Will and Charlotte .

They have two adult children , William and Charlotte .


John Leonard `` Jack '' Swigert , Jr. ( August 30 , 1931 -- December 27 , 1982 ) was an American test pilot , mechanical and aerospace engineer , United States Air Force pilot , and NASA astronaut , one of the 24 people who have flown to the Moon .

John Leonard `` Jack '' Swigert , Jr. ( August 30 , 1931 -- December 27 , 1982 ) was an American test pilot , mechanical engineer , aerospace engineer , United States Air Force pilot , and NASA astronaut , one of the 24 persons who have flown to the Moon .


Jack T. Chick Jack Thomas Chick ( born April 13 , 1924 ) is an American publisher , writer , and comic book artist of evangelical fundamentalist Christian tracts and comic books .

Jack Thomas Chick ( born April 13 , 1924 ) is an American publisher , writer , and comic book artist . He mainly writes evangelical Christian fundamentalist tracts and comic books .


He is a believer in the King James Only movement , which posits that every English translation of the Bible more recent than 1611 promotes heresy or immorality .

He is an firm believer in the King James Only movement , which says that every English translation of the Bible more recent than 1611 promotes heresy .


Chick 's views have been spread worldwide , mostly through the tracts and now online .

His views have been spread around the world , mostly through the tracts and now online .


Chick 's company , Chick Publications , says it has sold over 750 million tracts , comics tracts and comic books , videos , books , and posters designed to promote Evangelical Protestantism from a Christian fundamentalist perspective or point of view .

Chick 's company , Chick Publications , claims to have sold over 750 million tracts , comics tracts and comic books , videos , books , and posters designed to spread Protestant evangelism from a fundamentalist Christian point of view .


John Borland `` Jack '' Thayer III ( December 24 , 1894 -- September 20 , 1945 ) was a first-class passenger on the RMS `` Titanic '' who provided several first-hand accounts of the disaster .

John Borland `` Jack '' Thayer III ( December 24 , 1894 -- September 20 , 1945 ) was an American writer and historian . He was a first-class passenger on the RMS `` Titanic '' .


Jack Joseph Valenti ( September 5 , 1921 -- April 26 , 2007 ) was a longtime president of the Motion Picture Association of America .

Jack Joseph Valenti ( September 5 , 1921 -- April 26 , 2007 ) was an American business person . He was president of the Motion Picture Association of America from 1966 to 2004 .


Jack Warden ( September 18 , 1920 -- July 19 , 2006 ) was an American character actor of film and television .

Jack Warden ( John Warden Lebzelter ; September 18 , 1920 -- July 19 , 2006 ) was an American actor .


Jack Andrew Garry Wilshere ; born 1 January 1992 ) is an English professional footballer who plays for English club Arsenal and the England national team .

Jack Andrew Garry Wilshere ( born 1 January 1992 ) is an English footballer who plays for Arsenal and the England national team .


Jack and the Beanstalk is an English fairy tale .

`` Jack and the Beanstalk '' is an English fairy tale .


The `` Saucy Jacky '' postcard was postmarked 1888 and was received the same day by the Central News Agency .

The `` Saucy Jacky '' postcard was postmarked 1 October 1888 and received the same day by the Central News Agency .


It has been argued that the letter was mailed before the murders were publicised , making it unlikely that a crank would have such knowledge of the crime , but it was postmarked more than 24 hours after the killings took place , long after details were known and being published by journalists and talked about by residents of the area .

It has been argued that the letter was mailed before the murders were publicised , making it unlikely that a crank would have such knowledge of the crime , but it was postmarked more than 24 hours after the killings took place , long after details were known by journalists and residents of the area .


The kidney was examined by Dr Thomas Openshaw of the London Hospital , who determined that it was human and from the left side , but ( contrary to false newspaper reports ) he could not determine any other biological characteristics .

The kidney was examined by Dr Thomas Openshaw of the London Hospital , who determined that it was human and from the left side , but ( contrary to false newspaper reports ) he could not determine its gender or age .


The handwriting and style is unlike that of the `` Dear Boss '' letter and `` Saucy Jacky '' postcard .

The handwriting and style is unlike that of the `` Dear Boss '' letter and postcard .


John Anthony Carmine Michael `` Jackie '' Basehart ( 11 October 1951 -- 16 May 2015 ) was an American-Italian actor .

John Anthony Carmine Michael `` Jackie '' Basehart ( 11 October 1951 -- 16 May 2015 ) was an American-born Italian actor .


Jackie Brookner ( 1945 -- May 15 , 2015 ) was an ecological artist , writer , and educator .

Jackie Brookner ( 1945 -- May 15 , 2015 ) was an American ecological artist , writer , and educator .


Jacqueline `` Jackie '' Burroughs ( 2 February 1939 -- 22 September 2010 ) was an English-born Canadian actress .

Jacqueline `` Jackie '' Burroughs ( February 2 , 1939 -- September 22 , 2010 ) was an English-born Canadian actress .


Douglas Martin of `` The New York Times '' described them as `` the most famous vocal duo in jazz history '' .

The group was described as `` the most famous vocal duo in jazz history '' by Douglas Martin of `` The New York Times '' .


Jacqueline Ruth `` Jackie '' Cain ( May 22 , 1928 -- September 15 , 2014 ) was an American jazz vocalist , known for her partnership with her husband Roy Kral , as the team Jackie and Roy .

Jacqueline Ruth `` Jackie '' Cain ( May 22 , 1928 -- September 15 , 2014 ) was an American jazz vocalist . She known for being one half of the Jackie and Roy duo with her husband Roy Kral for over fifty years .


She is the younger sister of actress Joan Collins .

She is the younger sister of Joan Collins .


In total , her books have sold over 500 million copies and have been translated into 40 languages .

In total , her books have sold over 400 million copies and have been translated into 40 languages .


Jacqueline Jill `` Jackie '' Collins OBE ( born 4 October 1937 ) is an English novelist .

Jacqueline Jill `` Jackie '' Collins ( born 4 October 1937 ) is an English novelist .


She has written 32 novels , all of which have appeared on `` The New York Times '' bestsellers list .

She has written 28 novels , all of which have been on the `` New York Times '' bestsellers list .


Coogan died on March 1 , 1984 at age 69 in Santa Monica , California .

Coogan died on March 1 , 1984 in Santa Monica , California from cardiac arrest , aged 69 .


He married his third wife , Amelia Cruz , in 2004 .

He was married to Amelia Cruz since 2004 .


At one time Gaughan reportedly owned more than 25 percent of the available real estate in Downtown Las Vegas .

Gaughan at one time owned more than 25 percent of the real estate in Downtown Las Vegas .


John Davis Gaughan , Sr. ( October 24 , 1920 -- March 12 , 2014 ) , best known as Jackie Gaughan was a casino owner and operator from the early 1950s in Las Vegas , Nevada .

John D. `` Jackie '' Gaughan , Sr. ( October 24 , 1920 -- March 12 , 2014 ) was an American casino owner and gambler . Gaughan owned a casino in Las Vegas .


Jackie Healy-Rae ( 9 March 1931 -- 5 December 2014 ) was an Irish politician who served as an Independent Teachta Dála ( TD ) for the Kerry South constituency from 1997 to 2011 .

Jackie Healy-Rae ( 9 March 1931 -- 5 December 2014 ) was an Irish politician . He served as an Independent Teachta Dála ( TD ) for the Kerry South constituency from 1997 to 2011 .


Death . Healy-Rae died on 5 December 2014 at Kerry General Hospital in Tralee after a long illness .

He died on 5 December 2014 at Kerry General Hospital in Tralee , County Kerry after a long illness , aged 83 .


In 2001 , Jackson married a second wife , Victoria Triggs .

In 2001 Jackson married his second wife Victoria Triggs .


Sigmund Esco `` Jackie '' Jackson ( born May 4 , 1951 ) is an American singer and musician notable for being a member of The Jackson 5 .

Sigmund Esco `` Jackie '' Jackson ( born May 4 , 1951 ) is an American singer .


She was a regular on `` The Doris Day Show '' as Jackie Parker .

She was a regular on `` The Doris Day Show '' , playing Jackie Parker .


Jacqueline `` Jackie '' Joyner-Kersee ( born March 3 , 1962 ) is a retired American athlete , ranked among the all-time greatest athletes in the women 's heptathlon as well as in the women 's long jump .

Jacqueline `` Jackie '' Joyner-Kersee ( born March 3 , 1962 ) is a retired American athlete . She is one of the greatest athletes in the women 's heptathlon as well as in the women 's long jump .


She won three gold , one silver , and two bronze Olympic medals , in those two events at four different Olympic Games .

She won a total of three gold , one silver , and two bronze Olympic medals .


Jackie Mason ( born June 9 , 1931 ) is an American stand-up comedian and film and television actor .

Jackie Mason ( born Yacov Moshe Maza on June 9 , 1931 ) is an American stand-up comedian and actor .


Robinson has been referred to by author David Falkner as `` the father of modern base-stealing '' .

Robinson has been referred to by author David Falkner as `` the father of modern base-stealing . ''


Robinson also chaired the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People 's ( NAACP ) million-dollar Freedom Fund Drive in 1957 , and served on the organization 's board until 1967 .

Robinson also chaired the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People 's ( NAACP ) million-dollar Freedom Fund Drive in 1957 . He served on the organization 's board until 1967 .


Robinson Jr. eventually completed the treatment program at Daytop Village in Seymour , Connecticut , and became a counselor at the institution .

Robinson Jr. eventually completed the treatment program at Daytop Village in Seymour , Connecticut . He became a counselor at the institution .


While at Fort Hood , Robinson often used his weekend leave to visit the Rev. Karl Downs , President of Sam Huston College ( now Huston-Tillotson University ) in nearby Austin , Texas ; Downs had been Robinson 's pastor at Scott United Methodist Church while Robinson attended PJC .

While at Fort Hood , Robinson often used his weekend leave to visit the Rev. Karl Downs , President of Sam Huston College ( now Huston-Tillotson University ) in nearby Austin , Texas . Downs had been Robinson 's pastor at Scott United Methodist Church while Robinson attended PJC .


On June 4 , 1972 , the Dodgers retired his uniform number , 42 , alongside those of Roy Campanella ( 39 ) and Sandy Koufax ( 32 ) .

On June 4 , 1972 , the Dodgers retired his uniform number , 42 , along with those of Roy Campanella ( 39 ) and Sandy Koufax ( 32 ) .


Also in 1999 , he ranked number 44 on the `` Sporting News '' list of Baseball 's 100 Greatest Players and was elected to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team as the top vote-getter among second basemen .

Also in 1999 , he ranked number 44 on the `` Sporting News '' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players . He was elected to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team as the top vote-getter among second basemen .


The New York Public School system has named a middle school after Robinson , and Dorsey High School plays at a Los Angeles football stadium named after him .

The New York Public School system has named a middle school after Robinson . Dorsey High School plays at a Los Angeles football stadium named after him .


In 1965 , Robinson served as an analyst for ABC 's `` Major League Baseball Game of the Week '' telecasts , the first black person to do so .

In 1965 , Robinson served as an analyst for ABC 's `` Major League Baseball Game of the Week '' telecasts . He was the first black person to do so .


MVP , Congressional testimony , and film biography ( 1948 -- 1950 ) .

MVP , Congressional testimony , and movie biography ( 1948 -- 1950 ) .


After his acquittal , he was transferred to Camp Breckinridge , Kentucky , where he served as a coach for army athletics until receiving an honorable discharge in November 1944 .

After his acquittal , he was moved to Camp Breckinridge , Kentucky . There he served as a coach for army athletics until receiving an honorable discharge in November 1944 .


After protests by heavyweight boxing champion Joe Louis ( then stationed at Fort Riley ) and the help of Truman Gibson ( then an assistant civilian aide to the Secretary of War ) , the men were accepted into OCS .

After protests by boxing champion Joe Louis ( then stationed at Fort Riley ) and the help of Truman Gibson ( then an assistant civilian aide to the Secretary of War ) , the men were accepted into OCS .


His youngest son , David , who has six children , is a coffee grower and social activist in Tanzania .

His youngest son , David , who has ten children , is a coffee grower and social activist in Tanzania .


Many of his former teammates and other famous baseball players served as pallbearers , and the Rev. Jesse Jackson gave the eulogy .

Many of his former teammates and other famous black baseball players served as pallbearers . The Rev. Jesse Jackson gave the eulogy .


Robinson has also been honored by the United States Postal Service on three separate postage stamps , in 1982 , 1999 , and 2000 .

Robinson has also been honored by the United States Postal Service on three different postage stamps , in 1982 , 1999 , and 2000 .


The gesture was originally the idea of outfielder Ken Griffey , Jr. , who sought Rachel Robinson 's permission to wear the number .

The gesture was originally the idea of outfielder Ken Griffey , Jr. . He asked for Rachel Robinson 's permission to wear the number .


Robinson 's major league debut brought an end to approximately sixty years of segregation in professional baseball , known as the baseball color line .

Robinson 's major league debut brought an end to almost sixty years of segregation in professional baseball , known as the baseball color line .


After receiving her permission , Commissioner Bud Selig not only allowed Griffey to wear the number , but also extended an invitation to all major league teams to do the same .

After receiving her permission , Commissioner Bud Selig not only allowed Griffey to wear the number , but also gave an invitation to all major league teams to do the same .


Historical statistical analysis indicates Robinson was an outstanding fielder throughout his ten years in the major leagues and at virtually every position he played .

Historical statistical analysis indicates Robinson was an outstanding fielder throughout his ten years in the major leagues and at almost every position he played .


He made his final public appearance on October 15 , 1972 , throwing the ceremonial first pitch before Game 2 of the World Series .

Robinson made his final public appearance on October 15 , 1972 . He threw the ceremonial first pitch before Game 2 of the World Series .


In 1997 , a $ 325,000 bronze sculpture ( equal to $ today ) by artists Ralph Helmick , Stu Schecter , and John Outterbridge depicting oversized nine-foot busts of Robinson and his brother Mack was erected at Garfield Avenue , across from the main entrance of Pasadena City Hall ; a granite footprint lists multiple donors to the commission project , which was organized by the Robinson Memorial Foundation and supported by members of the Robinson family .

In 1997 , a $ 325,000 bronze sculpture by artists Ralph Helmick , Stu Schecter , and John Outterbridge showing oversized nine-foot busts of Robinson and his brother Mack was put up at Garfield Avenue , across from the main entrance of Pasadena City Hall . A granite footprint lists multiple donors to the commission project , which was organized by the Robinson Memorial Foundation and supported by members of the Robinson family .


In 1999 , he was named by `` Time '' on its list of the .

In 1999 , he was named by `` Time '' magazine on its list of the .


On April 15 , 2008 , she announced that in 2010 the foundation will be opening a museum devoted to Jackie in Lower Manhattan .

On April 15 , 2008 , she announced that in 2010 the foundation will be opening a museum about Jackie in Lower Manhattan .


In 1970 , Robinson established the Jackie Robinson Construction Company to build housing for low-income families .

In 1970 , Robinson started the Jackie Robinson Construction Company to build housing for low-income families .


From 1957 to 1964 , Robinson was the vice president for personnel at Chock full o'Nuts ; he was the first black person to serve as vice president of a major American corporation .

From 1957 to 1964 , Robinson was the vice president for personnel at Chock full o'Nuts . He was the first black person to serve as vice president of a major American company .


Robinson 's eldest son , Jackie Robinson Jr. , had emotional trouble during his childhood and entered special education at an early age .

Robinson 's oldest son , Jackie Robinson Jr. , had emotional trouble during his childhood . He entered special education at an early age .


He scored more than 100 runs in six of his ten seasons ( averaging more than 110 runs from 1947 to 1953 ) , had a .311 career batting average , a .409 career on-base percentage , a .474 slugging percentage , and substantially more walks than strikeouts ( 740 to 291 ) .

He scored more than 100 runs in six of his ten seasons ( averaging more than 110 runs from 1947 to 1953 ) , had a .311 career batting average , a .409 career on-base percentage , a .474 slugging percentage , and had more walks than strikeouts ( 740 to 291 ) .


While there , Robinson met a former player for the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro American League , who encouraged Robinson to write the Monarchs and ask for a tryout .

While there , Robinson met an ex-player for the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro American League . The player encouraged Robinson to write the Monarchs and ask for a tryout .


Baseball writer Bill James , in `` The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract '' , ranked Robinson as the 32nd greatest player of all time strictly on the basis of his performance on the field , noting that he was one of the top players in the league throughout his career .

Baseball writer Bill James , in the `` The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract '' , ranked Robinson as the 32nd greatest player of all time based on his performance on the field . James noted that Robinson was one of the top players in the league throughout his career .


Robinson then accepted an offer from his old friend and pastor Rev. Karl Downs to be the athletic director at Sam Huston College in Austin , then of the Southwestern Athletic Conference .

Robinson then took an offer from his old friend and pastor Rev. Karl Downs to be the athletic director at Sam Huston College in Austin . The school was part of the Southwestern Athletic Conference at the time .


Despite the success of these two Robinsons and other black players , the number of African-American players in Major League Baseball has declined since the 1970s .

Despite the success of these two Robinsons and other black players , the number of African-American players in Major League Baseball has gone down since the 1970s .


He identified himself as a political independent , although he held conservative opinions on several issues , including the Vietnam War ( he once wrote to Martin Luther King , Jr. to defend the Johnson Administration 's military policy ) .

He called himself a political independent . But he held conservative thoughts on several issues , including the Vietnam War ( he once wrote Martin Luther King , Jr. to defend the Johnson Administration 's military policy ) .


Assessing himself , Robinson said , `` I 'm not concerned with your liking or disliking me ... all I ask is that you respect me as a human being . ''

Robinson said about himself , `` I 'm not concerned with your liking or disliking me ... all I ask is that you respect me as a human being . ''


She and Jackie had three children : Jackie Robinson Jr. ( born November 18 , 1946 , died 1971 , the year before Jackie ) , Sharon Robinson ( born January 13 , 1950 ) , and David Robinson ( born May 14 , 1952 ) .

She and Jackie had three children : Jackie Robinson Jr. ( born November 18 , 1946 ) , Sharon Robinson ( born January 13 , 1950 ) , and David Robinson ( born May 14 , 1952 ) .


In 1987 , both the National and American League Rookie of the Year Awards were renamed the `` Jackie Robinson Award '' in honor of the first recipient ( Robinson 's Major League Rookie of the Year Award in 1947 encompassed both leagues ) .

In 1987 , both the National and American League Rookie of the Year Awards were renamed the `` Jackie Robinson Award '' in honor of the first to receive the award ( Robinson 's Major League Rookie of the Year Award in 1947 encompassed both leagues ) .


By the time of the court-martial in August 1944 , the charges against Robinson had been reduced to two counts of insubordination during questioning .

By the time of the court-martial in August 1944 , the charges against Robinson had been reduced to two counts of insubordination ( going against someone in charge of him ) during questioning .


Shortly afterward , Robinson and Isum were formally engaged .

Shortly afterward , Robinson and Isum were engaged .


It honors Robinson with large quotations spanning the inner curve of the facade and features a large freestanding statue of his number , 42 , which has become an attraction in itself .

It honors Robinson with large quotations spanning the inner curve of the facade . It has a large statue of his number , 42 , which has become an attraction in itself .


Robinson was among the 25 charter members of UCLA 's Athletics Hall of Fame in 1984 .

Robinson was among the 25 first members of UCLA 's Athletics Hall of Fame in 1984 .


Robinson 's breaking of the baseball color line and his professional success symbolized these broader changes and demonstrated that the fight for equality was more than simply a political matter .

Robinson 's breaking of the baseball color line and his professional success symbolized these bigger changes and showed that the fight for equality was more than simply a political matter .


He gratefully accepted a plaque honoring the twenty-fifth anniversary of his MLB debut , but also commented , `` I 'm going to be tremendously more pleased and more proud when I look at that third base coaching line one day and see a black face managing in baseball . ''

He accepted a plaque honoring the 25th anniversary of his MLB debut , but also said , `` I 'm going to be tremendously more pleased and more proud when I look at that third base coaching line one day and see a black face managing in baseball . ''


Tens of thousands of people lined the subsequent procession route to Robinson 's interment site at Cypress Hills Cemetery in Brooklyn , New York , where he is buried next to his son Jackie and mother-in-law Zellee Isum .

Tens of thousands of people lined the procession route that followed to Robinson 's gravesite site at Cypress Hills Cemetery in Brooklyn , New York . There he is buried next to his son Jackie and mother-in-law Zellee Isum .


After receiving his commission , Robinson was reassigned to Fort Hood , Texas , where he joined the 761st `` Black Panthers '' Tank Battalion .

After receiving his commission , Robinson was moved to Fort Hood , Texas . There he joined the 761st `` Black Panthers '' Tank Battalion .


He accumulated 197 stolen bases in total , including 19 steals of home .

He had 197 stolen bases in total , including 19 steals of home .


While awaiting results of hospital tests on the ankle he had injured in junior college , Robinson boarded an Army bus with a fellow officer 's wife ; although the Army had commissioned its own unsegregated bus line , the bus driver ordered Robinson to move to the back of the bus .

While waiting for results of hospital tests on the ankle he had injured in junior college , Robinson got on an Army bus with a fellow officer 's wife . Although the Army had its own unsegregated bus line , the bus driver ordered Robinson to move to the back of the bus .


Robinson 's career is generally considered to mark the beginning of the post -- `` long ball '' era in baseball , in which a reliance on raw power-hitting gave way to balanced offensive strategies that used footspeed to create runs through aggressive baserunning .

Robinson 's career is generally considered to mark the beginning of the post -- `` long ball '' era in baseball , in which a need for power-hitting was replaced with balanced offensive strategies that used footspeed to create runs through baserunning .


Robinson was one of only two players during the span of 1947 -- 56 to accumulate at least 125 steals while registering a slugging percentage over .425 ( Minnie Miñoso was the other ) .

Robinson was one of only two players during the span of 1947 -- 56 to have at least 125 steals while having a slugging percentage over .425 ( Minnie Miñoso was the other ) .


After Robinson 's death , his widow founded the Jackie Robinson Foundation , of which she remains an officer as of 2014 .

After Robinson 's death , his widow founded the Jackie Robinson Foundation , of which she remains an officer as of 2010 .


The driver backed down , but after reaching the end of the line , summoned the military police , who took Robinson into custody .

The driver backed down . However , after reaching the end of the line , he got the military police , who took Robinson into custody .


This wish was fulfilled only after Robinson 's death : following the 1974 season , the Cleveland Indians gave their managerial post to Frank Robinson ( no relation ) , a Hall of Fame-bound player who would go on to manage three other teams .

This wish was fulfilled only after Robinson 's death . After the 1974 season , the Cleveland Indians gave their coaching job to Frank Robinson ( no relation ) , a Hall of Fame-bound player who would go on to coach three other teams .


After supporting Richard Nixon in his 1960 presidential race against John F. Kennedy , Robinson later praised Kennedy effusively for his stance on civil rights .

After supporting Richard Nixon in his 1960 presidential race against John F. Kennedy , Robinson later praised Kennedy for his views on civil rights .


President Ronald Reagan posthumously awarded Robinson the Presidential Medal of Freedom on March 26 , 1984 , and on March 2 , 2005 , President George W. Bush gave Robinson 's widow the Congressional Gold Medal , the highest civilian award bestowed by Congress ; Robinson was only the second baseball player to receive the award , after Roberto Clemente .

On March 2 , 2005 , President George W. Bush gave Robinson 's widow the Congressional Gold Medal , the highest civilian award bestowed by Congress . Robinson was only the second baseball player to receive the award , after Roberto Clemente .


None of the latter were double steals ( in which a player stealing home is assisted by a player stealing another base at the same time ) .

None of the steals of home were double steals ( in which a player stealing home is helped by a player stealing another base at the same time ) .


When Robinson later confronted the investigating duty officer about racist questioning by the officer and his assistant , the officer recommended Robinson be court-martialed .

Robinson later talked to the duty officer about racist questioning by the officer and his assistant . The officer then recommended Robinson be court-martialed .


Along with the museum , scholarships will be awarded to `` young people who live by and embody Jackie 's ideals . ''

The main purpose of the museum will be to fund scholarships for `` young people who live by and embody Jackie 's ideals . ''


He was elected on the first ballot , becoming the first black player inducted into the Cooperstown museum .

He was elected on the first ballot , becoming the first African-American inducted into the Cooperstown museum .


After Robinson 's retirement from baseball , his wife , Rachel Robinson , pursued a career in academic nursing .

After Robinson 's retirement from baseball , his wife , Rachel Robinson , went for a career in academic nursing .


Toward the end of his career , he played about 2,000 innings at third base and about 1,175 innings in the outfield , excelling at both .

Toward the end of his career , he played about 2,000 innings at third base and about 1,175 innings in the outfield and did well at both .


In 1964 , he helped found , with Harlem businessman Dunbar McLaurin , Freedom National Bank -- a black-owned and operated commercial bank based in Harlem .

In 1964 , he helped start , with Harlem businessman Dunbar McLaurin , Freedom National Bank -- an African-American-owned and operated bank based in Harlem .


Mets owner Fred Wilpon announced that , in conjunction with Citigroup and the Jackie Robinson Foundation , the Mets will create a Jackie Robinson Museum and Learning Center , located at the headquarters of the Jackie Robinson Foundation at One Hudson Square , along Canal Street in lower Manhattan .

Mets owner Fred Wilpon announced that , along with Citigroup and the Jackie Robinson Foundation , the Mets will create a Jackie Robinson Museum and Learning Center . It will be located at the headquarters of the Jackie Robinson Foundation at One Hudson Square in lower Manhattan .


After Robinson 's commander in the 761st , Paul L. Bates , refused to authorize the legal action , Robinson was summarily transferred to the 758th Battalion -- where the commander quickly consented to charge Robinson with multiple offenses , including , among other charges , public drunkenness , even though Robinson did not drink .

After Robinson 's commander in the 761st , Paul L. Bates , refused to allow this legal action , Robinson was moved to the 758th Battalion . The commander there quickly allowed Robinson to be charged with several offenses , including , among other charges , public drunkenness -- even though Robinson did not drink .


Robinson retired from baseball at age 37 on January 5 , 1957 .

Robinson retired from baseball on January 5 , 1957 .


Having the requisite qualifications , Robinson and several other black soldiers applied for admission to an Officer Candidate School ( OCS ) then located at Fort Riley .

Having the necessary requirements , Robinson and several other black soldiers applied for entrance to an Officer Candidate School ( OCS ) then located at Fort Riley .


Brookside Park , situated next to the Rose Bowl , features a baseball diamond and stadium named Jackie Robinson Field .

Brookside Park , located next to the Rose Bowl , has a baseball field and stadium named Jackie Robinson Field .


On April 15 , 1997 , Robinson 's jersey number , 42 , was retired throughout Major League Baseball , the first time any jersey number had been retired throughout one of the four major American sports leagues .

On April 15 , 1997 , Robinson 's jersey number , 42 , was retired by Major League Baseball .


Robinson always considered his business career as advancing the cause of black people in commerce and industry .

Robinson always considered his business career as advancing the cause of African-Americans in business .


The city 's Human Services Department operates the Jackie Robinson Center , a community outreach center that provides health services .

The city 's Human Services Department owns the Jackie Robinson Center , a community outreach center that provides early diabetes detection and other services .


As an exception to the retired-number policy , MLB in 2007 began honoring Robinson by allowing players to wear number 42 on April 15 , Jackie Robinson Day , which is now an annual observance .

As an exception to the retired-number policy , MLB has recently begun honoring Robinson by allowing players to wear number 42 on April 15 , Jackie Robinson Day .


Although his teams were outmatched by opponents , Robinson was respected as a disciplinarian coach , and drew the admiration of , among others , Langston University basketball player Marques Haynes , a future member of the Harlem Globetrotters .

Although his teams were outmatched by opponents , Robinson was respected as a coach who made his players work really hard . He received the respect of , among others , Langston University basketball player Marques Haynes , a future member of the Harlem Globetrotters .


Although his former unit , the 761st Tank Battalion , became the first black tank unit to see combat in World War II , Robinson 's court-martial proceedings prohibited him from being deployed overseas , thus he never saw combat action .

Although his former unit , the 761st Tank Battalion , became the first black tank unit to see combat in World War II , Robinson 's court-martial stopped him from going with them . He never saw fighting action in the war .


Later that year , after he complained of numerous physical ailments , his doctors diagnosed him with diabetes , a disease that also afflicted his brothers .

Later that year , after he complained about a lot of physical problems , his doctors diagnosed Robinson with diabetes . This disease had also affected his brothers .


This common military experience spawned a personal friendship between Robinson and Louis .

This shared military experience created a friendship between Robinson and Louis .


Clyde Jackson Browne ( born October 9 , 1948 ) is an American singer-songwriter and musician who has sold over 18 million albums in the United States .

Clyde Jackson Browne ( born October 9 , 1948 ) is an American singer-songwriter and musician . He has sold over 18 million albums in the United States alone .


Webbville , a community of land squatters , was located northwest of present day Marianna and was designated as the county seat .

Webbville , a community of land squatters , was located 9 mi northwest of present day Marianna and was named the county seat .


By defying the convention of painting on an upright surface , he added a new dimension by being able to view and apply paint to his canvases from all directions .

By defying the convention of painting on an upright surface , he added a new dimension , literally , by being able to view and apply paint to his canvases from all directions .


Pollock was introduced to the use of liquid paint in 1936 at an experimental workshop in New York City by the Mexican muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros .

Pollock was introduced to the use of liquid paint in 1936 at an experimental workshop operated in New York City by the Mexican muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros .


Pollock denied reliance on `` the accident '' ; he usually had an idea of how he wanted a particular piece to appear .

Pollock denied `` the accident '' ; he usually had an idea of how he wanted a particular piece to appear .


Other influences on his drip technique include the Mexican muralists and Surrealist automatism .

Influences on his dripping technique include the Mexican muralists and Surrealist automatism .


He started using synthetic resin-based paints called alkyd enamels , which , at that time , was a novel medium .

Later , Pollock turned to synthetic resin-based paints called alkyd enamels , which , at that time , was a novel medium .


Monroe Jackson Rathbone V ( born December 14 , 1984 ) is an American actor and musician .

Monroe Jackson Rathbone V ( born 21 December 1984 ) is an American actor and singer .


Jackson Township , named after Andrew Jackson , is a township in Ocean County , New Jersey , United States .

Jackson Township is a township in Ocean County , New Jersey , United States . The Township of Jackson was named after Andrew Jackson .


Jackson Township is located in Will County , Illinois .

Jackson Township is a township found in Will County , Illinois .


He is the son of former NBA player Brett Vroman , who played briefly for the Utah Jazz in the 1980-81 NBA season .

He was the son of former NBA player Brett Vroman , who played briefly for the Utah Jazz in the 1980-81 NBA season .


Vroman was found dead in a swimming pool at his home in Los Angeles County , California on June 29 , 2015 .

Vroman was found dead in a swimming pool at his home in Los Angeles County , California on June 29 , 2015 , aged 34 .


Jackson Vroman ( June 6 , 1981 -- June 29 , 2015 ) ( aged 34 ) was an American-born Lebanese professional basketball player .

Jackson Vroman ( June 6 , 1981 -- June 29 , 2015 ) was an American-born Lebanese professional basketball player .


He was naturalized as a Lebanese citizen to play for the Lebanon national basketball team , replacing the other naturalized American Lebanese player , Joe Vogel .

He was naturalized as a Lebanese citizen to play for the Lebanon national basketball team .


Jackson is the capital of and the largest city in the state of Mississippi .

Jackson is the capital city and largest city of the U.S. state of Mississippi .


They are members of the South Division of the American Football Conference ( AFC ) of the National Football League ( NFL ) .

They are currently members of the Southern Division of the American Football Conference ( AFC ) in the National Football League ( NFL ) .


The Jacksonville Jaguars are an American professional football franchise based in Jacksonville , Florida .

The Jacksonville Jaguars are a professional American football team in Jacksonville , Florida .


The Jaguars and the Carolina Panthers became active NFL teams in 1995 .

The Jaguars , and the Carolina Panthers , became part of the NFL as expansion teams in 1995 .


Jacksonville University ( JU ) is a private university in Jacksonville , Florida , United States .

Jacksonville University is a private university in Jacksonville , Florida , United States .


Jacksonville is a city in Morgan County , Illinois , United States .

Jacksonville is a city of Morgan County , west-central Illinois in the United States .


It is located less than a mile from the borough of St. Lawrence .

It is less than a mile from the borough of St. Lawrence , Pennsylvania .


Jacob David Bekenstein ( Hebrew : יעקב בקנשטיין ; May 1 , 1947 -- August 16 , 2015 ) was an Israeli-American theoretical physicist who made fundamental contributions to the foundation of black hole thermodynamics and to other aspects of the connections between information and gravitation .

Jacob David Bekenstein ( Hebrew : יעקב בקנשטיין ; May 1 , 1947 -- August 16 , 2015 ) was a Mexican theoretical physicist . He made fundamental contributions to the foundation of black hole thermodynamics and to other aspects of the connections between information and gravitation .


Jacobabad or Khangarh ( ) is a city in Sindh , Pakistan , serving as both the capital city of Jacobabad District and the administrative centre of Jacobabad Taluka , an administrative subdivision of the district .

Jacobabad is the capital city of Jacobabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan . The city is also the administrative centre of Jacobabad Taluka , a subdivision of the district .


According to the 1998 census it had a population of 1,425,572 of which 24.10 % were urban .

According to the 1998 census , 1,425,572 people lived there , of which 24.10 % were urban .


It is subdivided into 15 Union Councils , 8 of which comprise the capital Jacobabad History .

It is subdivided into 15 Union Councils , 8 of which form the capital Jacobabad .


It has more than 1,600 students , approximately half of whom are undergraduates , with the second largest enrollment of all music schools accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music .

It has more than 1,600 students , approximately half of whom are undergraduates , with the second largest enrollment of all music schools as said by the National Association of Schools of Music .


The Jacobs School of Music of Indiana University in Bloomington , Indiana , is a music conservatory established in 1921 .

The Jacobs School of Music of Indiana University in Bloomington , Indiana , is a music conservatory started in 1921 .


Fresco writes and lectures his views on sustainable cities , energy efficiency , natural-resource management , cybernetic technology , automation , and the role of science in society .

Fresco writes and lectures his views concerning sustainable cities , energy efficiency , natural-resource management , cybernetic technology , advanced automation , and the role of science in society .


Jacqueline Kelly is a New Zealand-born American writer of children 's books .

Jacqueline Kelly is an New Zealand-born American author of children 's books .


She received the `` Department of Commerce Outstanding Accomplishment Award for work in the development of service and briefing methods for transcontinental air races . ''

She got the `` Department of Commerce Outstanding Accomplishment Award for work in the development of service and briefing methods for transcontinental air races . ''


F. Jacqueline Wonsetler ( 13 June 1918 -- 1 December 1974 ) was an American meteorologist .

F. Jacqueline Wonsetler ( Born :13 June 1918 ; Died :1 December 1974 ) was an American meteorologist .


Du Pré met pianist Daniel Barenboim on New Year 's Eve 1966 .

Jacqueline du Pré met pianist Daniel Barenboim on New Year 's Eve in 1966 .


Jacqueline Mary du Pré , OBE ( 26 January 1945 -- 19 October 1987 ) was an English cellist .

Jacqueline du Pré , ( born 26 January 1945 ; died 19 October 1987 ) was an English cellist .


Jacques Anquetil ( ; 8 January 1934 -- 18 November 1987 ) was a French road racing cyclist and the first cyclist to win the Tour de France five times , in 1957 and from 1961 to 1964 .

Jacques Anquetil ( 8 January 1934 -- 18 November 1987 ) , was a French road racing cyclist . He was the first cyclist to win the Tour de France five times , in 1957 and from 1961 to 1964 .


Jacques Barrot ( 3 February 1937 -- 3 December 2014 ) was a French politician , who served as European Commissioner for Justice between 2008 and 2010 , after having spent four years serving as Commissioner for Transport ( 2004 -- 2008 ) and Commissioner for Regional Policy for eight months ( 2004 ) .

Jacques Barrot ( February 3 , 1937 -- December 3 , 2014 ) was a French politician . He served as European Commissioner for Justice between 2008 and 2010 , after having spent four years serving as Commissioner for Transport ( 2004 -- 2008 ) and Commissioner for Regional Policy for eight months ( 2004 ) .


He also won the Grand Prix de Rome in 1953 with his cantata `` La boîte de Pandore '' ( `` Pandora 's Box '' ) .

He won the Grand Prix de Rome in 1953 with his cantata `` La boîte de Pandore '' ( `` Pandora 's Box '' ) .


Jacques Castérède ( 10 April 1926 Paris -- 6 April 2014 Dijon ) was a French composer and pianist .

Jacques Castérède ( 10 April 1926 -- 6 April 2014 ) was a French composer and pianist .


In 1956 , he married Bernadette Chodron de Courcel , with whom he had two daughters : Laurence ( born 4 March 1958 ) and Claude ( 14 January 1962 ) .

In 1956 , he married Bernadette Chodron de Courcel . They had two daughters : Laurence ( born 4 March 1958 ) and Claude ( 14 January 1962 ) .


The would-be assassin fired a shot toward the presidential motorcade , before being overpowered by bystanders .

The would-be assassin fired a shot toward the presidential motorcade . He was then overpowered by bystanders .


Claude has long worked as a public relations assistant and personal adviser , while Laurence , who suffered from anorexia nervosa in her youth , does not participate in the political activities of her father .

Claude is a public relations assistant and personal adviser . Laurence , who had anorexia nervosa in her youth , does not participate in the political activities of her father .


On 14 July 2002 , during Bastille Day celebrations , Chirac survived an assassination attempt by a lone gunman with a rifle hidden in a guitar case .

On 14 July 2002 , during Bastille Day celebrations , a man tried to shoot Chirac . There was a lone gunman with a rifle hidden in a guitar case .


As a former President , he is entitled to a lifetime pension and personal security protection , and is `` ex-officio '' a member for life of France 's constitutional council .

As a former President , he has a lifetime pension . He is a member for life of France 's constitutional council .


Jacques Cloutier ( born January 3 , 1960 ) is a retired Canadian ice hockey goaltender .

Jacques Cloutier ( born January 3 , 1960 in Noranda , Quebec ) is a Canadian retired ice hockey goaltender .


He is currently the associate coach with the Calgary Flames .

He currently works as the associate coach for the Calgary Flames .


Cousteau was born on 11 June 1910 , in Saint-André-de-Cubzac , Gironde , France to Daniel and Élisabeth Cousteau .

Cousteau was born on 11 June 1910 , in Saint-André-de-Cubzac , Gironde , to Daniel and Élisabeth Cousteau .


Jacques Friedel ForMemRS ( ; 11 February 1921 -- 27 August 2014 ) was a French physicist and material scientist .

Jacques Friedel ForMemRS ( 11 February 1921 -- 27 August 2014 ) was a French physicist , educator and material scientist .


Jacques Gabriel ( 1667 -- 1742 ) was a French architect , the father of the famous Ange-Jacques Gabriel .

Jacques Gabriel ( 1667 -- 1742 ) was a French architect .


Jacques Lucien Monod ( 9 February 1910 -- 31 May 1976 ) was a French biologist who was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965 , sharing it with François Jacob and Andre Lwoff `` for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis '' .

Jacques Lucien Monod ( Paris , 9 February 1910 -- Paris , 31 May 1976 ) was a French biologist . He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965 for his discoveries about the genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis which he shared with François Jacob and Andre Lwoff .


Jacques Offenbach ( 20 June 1819 -- 5 October 1880 ) was a German-born French composer , cellist and impresario of the romantic period .

Jacques Offenbach ( 20 June 1819 , in Cologne -- 5 October 1880 , in Paris ) was a French composer and cellist of the Romantic era .


Jacques Prévert ( ; 4 February 190011 April 1977 ) was a French poet and screenwriter .

Jacques Prévert ( 4 February 1900-11 April 1977 ) was a French poet and screenwriter .


His best-known films include `` Celine and Julie Go Boating '' , `` La Belle Noiseuse '' and the rare thirteen-hour `` Out 1 '' .

His best-known movies include `` Celine and Julie Go Boating '' , `` La Belle Noiseuse '' and the rare thirteen-hour `` Out 1 '' .


Jacques Rivette ( ; born 1 March 1928 ) is a French film director , screenwriter and film critic .

Jacques Rivette ( ] ; born 1 March 1928 ) is a French movie director , screenwriter and movie critic .


Jacques Rougeau Jr. ( born June 13 , 1960 ) is a retired French-Canadian professional wrestler best known for his appearances in the 1980s and 1990s with the World Wrestling Federation .

Jacques Rougeau Jr. ( born June 13 , 1960 in Saint-Sulpice , Quebec ) is a French-Canadian retired professional wrestler . He is best known for his time working with the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) in the 1980s and 1990s .


Jacques Santini ( born 25 April 1952 in Delle , France ) is a former football player and manager .

Jacques Santini ( born 25 April 1952 ) is a former French football player .


He is the son of Formula One driver Gilles Villeneuve , and is the namesake of his uncle , who was also a racer .

He is the son of Formula One driver Gilles Villeneuve , and is the namesake of his uncle ( also a racer ) .


Jacques Joseph Charles Villeneuve , ( ) ( born April 9 , 1971 ) , is a Canadian automobile racing driver and amateur musician .

Jacques Joseph Charles Villeneuve , OQ ( born April 9 , 1971 in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu , Quebec ) is a Canadian automobile racing driver .


He was the founder of the Centre d'études de la navigation aérienne ( French air navigation center ) and co-founder of the CAUTRA system ( '' -- automated air traffic control system ) , the computer system of the French air traffic management .

He is the founder of the `` Centre d'études de la navigation aérienne '' ( French air navigation center ) and co-founder of the CAUTRA system , the computer system of the French air traffic management .


He was the director of antiquities in Egypt during the 19th century , and excavated in Memphis and Dashur , providing many drawings of many Egyptian pyramids .

He was the head of Antiquities in Egypt in the 19th century . He excavated in Memphis and Dashur , providing many drawings of many Egyptian pyramids .


In January 2007 , Goody was a housemate on `` Celebrity Big Brother 5 '' .

Goody was a housemate once again in Celebrity Big Brother 2007 .


His first movie role was in the 2006 film `` The Pursuit of Happyness '' , with his father .

His first movie role was in the 2006 movie `` The Pursuit of Happyness '' .


He is the son of actors Jada Pinkett Smith and Will Smith , elder brother of singer Willow Smith and younger half-brother of Trey Smith .

He is the son of actors Will Smith and Jada Pinkett Smith . He is the older brother of singer Willow Smith and younger half-brother of Trey Smith .


Jadin Gould ( born June 20 , 1998 in Stillwater , Oklahoma ) is an American actress .

Jadin Gould ( born June 20 , 1998 in Oklahoma , United States ) is an American actress .


Jadwiga Piłsudska-Jaraczewska ( 28 February 1920 -- 16 November 2014 ) was a Polish pilot , who served in the Air Transport Auxiliary during the Second World War .

Jadwiga Piłsudska-Jaraczewska ( 28 February 1920 -- 16 November 2014 ) was a Polish pilot and architect . She served in the Air Transport Auxiliary during the Second World War .


She was one of two daughters of Marshal and Naczelnik Józef Piłsudski .

She is the one of two daughters of Marshal and Naczelnik Józef Piłsudski .


She died on 16 November 2014 , in Warsaw at the age of 94 .

Piłsudska died on 16 November 2014 in Warsaw at the age of 94 .


With a population of 88,138 , Jaffna is Sri Lanka 's 12th largest city .

The population of Jaffna is 88,138 . Jaffna is Sri Lanka 's 12th largest city .


Locally known as the Handial Mandir , the temple was built between 1300 to 1400 CE .

It is also known locally known as the Handial Mandir . The temple was built between 1300 to 1400 CE .


The S-Type was discontinued in spring 2008 , replaced by the XF .

The S-Type was replaced by the Jaguar XF in the spring of 2008 .


During his reign Jahan Shah had the Gökmedrese and Muzafferiye theological schools constructed in his capital city Tabriz .

During his rule Jahan Shah had the Gökmedrese and Muzafferiye theological schools built in his capital city Tabriz .


The city of Jahanian is the headquarters of the tehsil .

The town of Jahanian is the headquarters of the tehsil .


Jahanian Tehsil ( ) , is an administrative subdivision , tehsil , of Khanewal District in the Punjab province of Pakistan .

) is an administrative subdivision , tehsil , of Khanewal District in the Punjab province of Pakistan .


In England , no ritual containing the name has been in official Masonic use since February 1989 .

In England , no ritual with the name has been in official Masonic use since February 1989 .


Another Masonic scholar believes it is a descriptive name for God in Hebrew ; The most common masonic explanation is that it is a word derived from combining parts of the name of God in different historic languages .

Another Masonic scholar thinks it is a name for God in Hebrew . The most used Masonic explanation is that it is a word that comes from putting together parts of the name of God in different historic languages .


↑ As Alguersuari was a guest driver , he was ineligible to score points .


Accused of corruption after leaving office , Lusinchi was popular during his presidency , and was succeeded by a member of his own political party , Carlos Andrés Pérez .

Accused of corruption after leaving office , Lusinchi was popular during his presidency , and was succeeded by a member of his party , Carlos Andrés Pérez .


Jaime Ramón Lusinchi ( 27 May 1924 -- 21 May 2014 ) was a Venezuelan politician who was the President of Venezuela from 1984 to 1989 .

Jaime Ramón Lusinchi ( 27 May 1924 -- 21 May 2014 ) was a politician of Venezuela . He was the President of Venezuela from 1984 to 1989 .


Jaime Lusinchi was born in Clarines , Anzoátegui , on 27 May 1924 .


His term was characterized by an economic crisis , growth of the external debt , populist policies , currency depreciation , inflation and corruption that exacerbated the crisis of the political system established in 1958 .

When he was president , Venezuela was through an economic crisis , growth of the external debt , populist policies , currency depreciation , inflation and corruption that exacerbated the crisis of the political system established in 1958 .


Nebot twice ran unsuccessfully for president of Ecuador , and is considered the protégé of former president León Febres-Cordero .

Nebot twice ran unsuccessfully for President of Ecuador . He is considered as the protégé of former president León Febres-Cordero .


He currently serves as mayor of Guayaquil , which is Ecuador 's largest city .

He serves as mayor of Guayaquil , which is Ecuador 's largest city .


Although he is affiliated with the Social Christian Party , he has distanced himself from it and now concentrates more on running the city .

Although he is a member of the Social Christian Party , he has distanced himself from it and now is more on running the city .


Jaime Roldós Aguilera ( November 5 , 1940 -- May 24 , 1981 ) was President of Ecuador from August 10 , 1979 until his death on May 24 , 1981 .

Jaime Roldós Aguilera ( November 5 , 1940 -- May 24 , 1981 ) was President of Ecuador from 10 August 1979 until his death on 24 May 1981 .


The crash left no survivors : killed along with the president were First Lady Martha Bucaram , Minister of Defense Marco Subía Martínez and his wife , as well as two aided-de-camps , one other passenger and both pilots .

The crash left no survivors : killed along with the president were First Lady Martha Bucaram , Minister of Defense Marco Subía Martínez and his wife , as well as two aides-de-camp and three other passengers .


Jaime Serrano Alonso ( born April 30 , 1979 in Barcelona ) is an S9 swimmer from Spain .

Jaime Serrano Alonso ( born April 30 , 1979 in Barcelona ) is a swimmer from Spain .


She is best known for her role of Judy Winslow , the youngest daughter of Carl and Harriette Winslow on the ABC/CBS sitcom `` Family Matters '' for four seasons ( 1989-1993 ) '' . ''

She is best known for her role of Judy Winslow on the ABC/CBS sitcom `` Family Matters '' for four seasons ( 1989-1993 ) '' . ''


From 1848 to 1852 , Fairchild was the first State Treasurer of the State of Wisconsin , and in 1856 was elected the first Mayor of the city of Madison .

From 1848 to 1852 , Fairchild was the first State Treasurer of the State of Wisconsin . In 1856 he was elected the first Mayor of the city of Madison , Wisconsin .


Fairchild had business interests in cranberries and the lumber industry and was president of a railroad .

Fairchild had a business working with cranberries and the lumber industry . He was also president of a railroad .


He then moved to Wisconsin , first to Milwaukee in 1845 and then to Madison .

He then moved to Milwaukee , Wisconsin in 1845 and then to Madison , Wisconsin .


Jairus C. Fairchild Jairus Cassius Fairchild ( December 27 , 1801 -- October 24 , 1862 ) was an American politician and businessman .

Jairus C. Fairchild Jairus Cassius Fairchild ( December 27 , 1801-October 24 , 1862 ) was an American politician and businessman .


He was born in Granville , New York and later moved to Hudson , Ohio , where he was a merchant .

Fairchild was born in Granville , New York . He moved to Hudson , Ohio and became a merchant .


Climate . Jakarta has a tropical monsoon climate ( `` Am '' ) according to the Köppen climate classification system .

Jakarta has a tropical monsoon climate ( Am in the Koeppen climate classification ) .


Vernor Vivian `` Jake , Jumpin ' Jackie '' Forbes ( July 4 , 1897 -- December 30 , 1985 ) , was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played thirteen seasons in the National Hockey League for the Toronto St. Patricks , Hamilton Tigers , New York Americans and Philadelphia Quakers .

Vernor Vivian `` Jake , Jumpin ' Jackie '' Forbes ( July 4 , 1897 in Toronto , Ontario -- December 30 , 1985 ) , was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played thirteen seasons in the National Hockey League for the Toronto St. Patricks , Hamilton Tigers , New York Americans and Philadelphia Quakers .


Giacobbe `` Jake '' LaMotta ( born July 10 , 1921 ) , nicknamed `` The Bronx Bull '' and `` The Raging Bull , '' is an American retired professional boxer and former World Middleweight Champion .

Giacobbe `` Jake '' LaMotta ( born July 10 , 1922 ) , nicknamed `` The Bronx Bull '' and `` The Raging Bull , '' is an American retired professional boxer and former World Middleweight Champion .


He was portrayed by Robert De Niro in the 1980 film `` Raging Bull '' . Early life .

He was played by Robert De Niro in the 1980 movie `` Raging Bull '' .


In a response to the article , Roberts was quoted as saying , `` If the devil ca n't defeat me , cancer does n't stand a chance in hell !

Responding to the article , Roberts was quoted as saying `` If the devil ca n't defeat me , cancer does n't stand a chance in hell !


In February 2014 , TMZ reported that Roberts had muscular cancer below his knee , and is scheduled to go into surgery for it on the 25th of the month .

In February 2014 , it was reported by TMZ that Roberts had been suffering from muscular cancer below his knee , and was scheduled to go into surgery for it on the 25th .


On August 28 , 2014 , Roberts fell ill during a flight from Atlanta to Las Vegas where he was scheduled to attend a birthday event for fellow wrestler Nick Cvjetkovich .

On August 28 2014 , he got sick during a flight from Atlanta to Las Vegas where he was supposed to attend a birthday event for wrestler Nick Cvjetkovich .


Aurelian Smith Jr. ( born May 30 , 1955 ) is a semi-retired American professional wrestler , and the son of former wrestler Aurelian `` Grizzly '' Smith .

Aurelian Jake Smith , Jr. ( born May 30 , 1955 ) is a American semi-retired professional wrestler .


Upon arrival at the ICU in Las Vegas , Roberts was diagnosed with pneumonia , something his own doctors missed .

After he was taken to the ICU in Las Vegas , he was diagnosed with pneumonia , which was something his own doctors missed .


Jakob Arjouni ( 8 October 1964 -- 17 January 2013 ) , pseudonym of `` Jakob Bothe '' , born `` Michelsen '' , was a German author .

Jakob Bothe ( born Jakob Michelsen ; 8 October 1964 -- 17 January 2013 ) , better known as Jakob Arjouni , was a German writer .


His debut in the A - team was on June 6 , 2009 in the qualifying match for Worldchampionship 2010 versus Serbia.His first goal was in a friendly match versus Spain , where he scored the only goal for Austria .

His debut in the A - team was on June 6 , 2009 in the qualifing match for Worldchampionship 2010 versus Serbia.His first goal was in a friendly match versus Spain , where he scored the only goal for Austria .


The club also finished up second in 1975 , losing the final game against Öxabäcks IF on penalty kicks .

The club also finished up second in 1975 . They lost the 1975 final game against Öxabäcks IF on penalty kicks .


The club won the Swedish women 's soccer national championship in 1977 .

The club won the Swedish women 's soccer national chapionship in 1977 .


Jakobsbergs GoIF is a sports club in Jakobsberg , Sweden , with handball activity .

Jakobsbergs GoIF is a sports club in Jakobsberg in Sweden . It is active within handball .


The show followed three American actresses who auditioned for the role as `` Billie Jo '' in the Swedish soap opera Nya tider .

The program followed three American actresses who auditioned for the role as `` Billie Jo '' in the Swedish soap opera `` Nya tider '' .


The winner was decided by partly Swedish viewers televotes and the production company Jarowskij .

The winner was chosen by Swedish viewers ' televotes and the production company Jarowskij .