Its PAGASA name , Ruping , was also retired , and was replaced by Ritang .

Its PAGASA name , Ruping , was also retired .


Mike retained its intensity of 165 mph ( 266 km\/h ) for a day as it approached the Philippines .

Mike retained its intensity of 165 mph winds for a day as it approached the Philippines .


In a 48-hour period , the typhoon deepened 99 millibars to a minimum central pressure of 915 mbar ( 27.0 inHg ) .

In a 48-hour period , the typhoon deepened 99 millibars to a minimum central pressure of 915 mb .


Mercury ( II ) sulfate , commonly called mercuric sulfate , is the chemical compound HgSO4 .

Mercury ( II ) sulfate , also known as mercuric sulfate , is a chemical compound .


The `` unified atomic mass unit '' u was defined as : The unified atomic mass unit and the dalton are different names for the same unit of measure .

The unified atomic mass unit and the dalton are different names for the same thing .


Given that the unified atomic mass unit is one twelfth the mass of one atom of carbon-12 , meaning the mass of such an atom is 12 u , it follows that there are NA atoms of carbon-12 in 0.012 kg of carbon-12 .

An atomic mass unit is a unit of measurement that is used to measure the mass of atoms .


One unified atomic mass unit is approximately the mass of one nucleon ( either a single proton or neutron ) and is equivalent to 1 g\/mol .

The atomic mass unit ( abbreviated : amu or u ) is roughly equal to the mass of 1 proton or 1 neutron .


The Atari 2600 is a video game console released in September 1977 by Atari , Inc. .

The Atari 2600 is a video game console .


The Atari 2600 used different color palettes depending on the television signal format used .

The Atari 2600 uses different sets of colors depending on the television used with it : When the Atari 2600 was released nine games were available .


These were also the first consoles to be officially called `` Atari 2600 '' , as the Atari 5200 was released the same year .

It was not called the Atari 2600 until the Atari 5200 came out in 1982 .


The 2600 was typically bundled with two joystick controllers , a conjoined pair of paddle controllers , and a cartridge game-initially Combat and later Pac-Man .

When the Atari 2600 came out , it usually came with two joystick controllers , a pair of paddle controllers , and a game cartridge .


Their boxes are in Japanese and have a silver\/red color scheme similar to the packaging of Atari 's 2600 branded games of the time .

The best-selling Atari 2600 game was Pac-Man , which sold 7 million copies .


She died at her home in South Pasadena , California on March 14 , 1918 .

She died at her home in South Pasadena , California on March 4 , 1918 .


Her ancestry includes German , Welsh , English and Irish ; Lucretia Garfield 's paternal great-grandfather immigrated to Pennsylvania ( in a part that is now Delaware ) from Württemberg , Germany .


Born in Hiram , Ohio , the daughter of Zeb Rudolph , a farmer and co-founder of the Eclectic Institute at Hiram , and Arabella Mason-Rudolph , Lucretia `` Crete '' Rudolph was a devout member of the Churches of Christ .

Her father was Zeb Rudolph , a farmer and co-founder of the Eclectic Institute at Hiram , and her mother was Arabella Mason-Rudolph .


She created a wing to the home that became a presidential library of his papers .

A part of her home became a library for presidential library of her husband 's papers .


He is the director of the Star Wars : The Clone Wars feature film , and the supervising director of the Star Wars : The Clone Wars TV series .

He is the director of the Star Wars : The Clone Wars feature movie , and the supervising director of the Star Wars : The Clone Wars TV series .


dave Filoni is an American animation director , writer , and animator .

Dave Filoni is an American movie director , writer , and animator .


Filoni also has a note book sized planner on his desk with Plo Koon 's picture taped to the outside , and he has written the words `` Plo Kool '' on concept art designs for the Clone Wars , indicating that he liked those designs .

Filoni also has a note book sized planner on his desk with Plo Koon 's picture taped to the outside .


The Parnassos Ski Centre is composed of two sections , Kellaria and Fterolakka , which together make up the largest ski center in Greece .

The Parnassos Ski Centre has two sections , Kellaria and Fterolakka , which together make up the largest ski center in Greece .


Today , the slopes of Mount Parnassus are the location of two ski centres .

Today , the slopes of Mount Parnassus have two ski centres .


There the survivors built another city , and called it Lykoreia , which in Greek means `` the howling of the wolves . ''

There the survivors built another city and called it Lykoreia .


According to Greek mythology , this mountain was sacred to Apollo and the Corycian nymphs , and the home of the Muses .

According to Greek mythology , this mountain was sacred to Apollo and the home of the Muses .


Parnassus is mined for its abundant supply of bauxite which is converted to aluminium oxide and then to aluminium .

Parnassus is mined for its large supply of bauxite .


A city , of which Parnassos was leader , was flooded by torrential rains .

Parnassos was leader of a city that was flooded by rains .


According to some traditions , Parnassus was the site of the fountain Castalia and the home of the Muses ; according to other traditions , that honor fell to Mount Helicon , another mountain in the same range .

According to some traditions , Parnassus was the site of the fountain Castalia and the home of the Muses .


In 1730 he returned to Poland and began work on a new edition of Polish law , the Volumina legum .

In 1730 he went back to Poland and began to work on a new text of Polish law ( `` Volumina legum '' ) .


From 1736 he taught at the Collegium Resoviense in Rzeszów .

From 1736 Konarski taught at the Collegium Resoviense in Rzeszów and in 1740 he started the Collegium Nobilium in Warsaw , a school for sons of the people of high social class ( `` szlachta '' ) .


He studied from 1725 to 1727 at the Collegium Nazarenum in Rome , where he became a teacher of rhetoric .

Between 1725 and 1727 Konarski learned at the Collegium Nazarenum in Rome , where he became a teacher of rhetoric - the art of good speaking .


After that he traveled through France , Germany and Austria and Poland to broaden his education .

After that , in order to make better his own learning , he traveled through France , Germany and Austria .


Batman : Arkham Origins is a 2013 action-adventure video game developed by Warner Bros. .

Batman : Arkham Origins is an action-adventure video game made by Warner Bros. .


A bounty is placed on him by crime lord Black Mask , drawing eight of the world 's greatest assassins to Gotham City on Christmas Eve .

This attracts eight of world 's greatest assassins to Gotham City on Christmas Eve .


The game , played from a third-person perspective , focuses on Batman 's combat and stealth abilities , detective skills , and gadgets for combat and exploration .

The game greatly focuses on Batman 's combat and stealth abilities , detective skills , and use of gadgets .


Arkham Origins is the first game in the series with multiplayer capability .

Arkham Origins is the first game in the series to have a multiplayer mode .


Based on the DC Comics superhero Batman , it is the successor to the 2011 video game Batman : Arkham City and is the third main installment in the Batman : Arkham series .

The game is based on the DC Comics superhero Batman and is the third in the Batman : Arkham series .


Interactive Entertainment for Microsoft Windows and the PlayStation 3 , Wii U and Xbox 360 video game consoles .

It is available for Microsoft Windows and the PlayStation 3 , Wii U , and Xbox 360 video game systems .


Some gadgets from previous Arkham games are present at the start of Arkham Origins , while others become available during play .

Like previous Arkham games , Arkham Origins is played from the third-person view .


For Arkham Origins , development duties shifted away from series creators Rocksteady Studios .

note Unlike previous Arkham games , Arkham Origins is not made by Rocksteady Studios .


It was released worldwide on October 25 , 2013 .

Interactive Entertainment on October 25 , 2013 .


The events in Arkham Origins take place about five years before Batman : Arkham Asylum , in midwinter Gotham City .

The main story takes place five years before the events of 2009 's Batman : Arkham Asylum .


A companion game ( Batman : Arkham Origins Blackgate ) was released with Arkham Origins for Nintendo 3DS and PlayStation Vita , and a spin-off mobile game for the iOS and Android platforms was released in October 2013 .

A tie-in game titled Batman : Arkham Origins Blackgate was released along with Arkham Origins .


He played the 1987 through 1993 seasons with the Atlanta Braves before being traded to the New York Mets for Dave Gallagher .

He played the 1987-1993 seasons with the Atlanta Braves before being traded to the New York Mets for Dave Gallagher .


Smith was signed on June 14 , 1984 to play in the Philadelphia Phillies organization .

Smith was signed on June 14 , 1984 to play Minor League Baseball in the Philadelphia Phillies organization .


The Atlanta Braves hoped Smith would develop into an ace pitcher as John Smoltz and Tom Glavine were developing to be .

The Atlanta Braves hoped Smith would turn into an ace pitcher as John Smoltz and Tom Glavine were becoming .


He was drafted by the Philadelphia Phillies in the first round ( 21st overall pick ) in the 1984 Major League Baseball Draft .

He was drafted by the Philadelphia Phillies in the 1st round ( 21st overall pick ) in the amateur draft of 1984 .


On June 9 , 1998 , Smith was traded to the Baltimore Orioles organization for minor leaguer Eric Estes .

On June 9 , 1998 , Smith was traded to the Baltimore Orioles organization for minor leaguer , Eric Estes .


Peter John Smith ( born February 27 , 1966 ) is a former Major League Baseball starting pitcher , born in Abington , Massachusetts .

Peter John Smith ( born February 27 , 1966 in Abington , Massachusetts ) is a former Major League Baseball starting pitcher .


He played with the Cincinnati Reds for only half of the 1995 season before being released on June 27 , signing with the Florida Marlins on July 1 .

He played with the Cincinnati Reds for only half of the 1995 season before being traded to the Florida Marlins on July 1 , 1995 as a free agent .


After spending the rest of 1995 in the minors , Smith became a free agent again , signing with the San Diego Padres on December 23 .

On December 23 , 1995 , Smith signed as a free agent with the San Diego Padres playing one season with them .


But in 1989 , Smith 's ERA was at 4.75 at the end of the season , higher than his ERA in 1988 when it was at 3.69 .

But in 1989 , Smith 's earned run average ( ERA ) was at 4.75 at the end of the season , higher than his ERA in 1988 when it was at 3.69 .


Fading Echoes is a children 's fantasy novel .

Fading Echoes is the second book in the fourth Warriors series , Omen of the Stars .


The term `` chocolate '' then came to mean solid chocolate , rather than hot chocolate .

The term `` chocolate '' then came to mean solid chocolate , instead of hot chocolate .


Besides the instant powder form , traditional Mexican hot chocolate includes semi-sweet chocolate , cinnamon , sugar , and vanilla .

Besides the instant powder form , Mexican hot chocolate uses semi-sweet chocolate , cinnamon , sugar and vanilla .


German variations are also known for being very thick and heavy .

German types are also known for being very thick and heavy .


Sweet hot chocolate and bar chocolate were yet to be invented .

Sweet hot chocolate and bar chocolate were not made yet .


In 1828 , Coenraad Johannes van Houten developed the first cocoa powder producing machine in the Netherlands .

In 1828 , Coenraad Johannes van Houten made the first cocoa powder making machine in the Netherlands .


The press separated the greasy cocoa butter from cacao seeds , leaving a purer chocolate powder behind .

The press took apart the greasy cocoa butter from cacao seeds , leaving a chocolate powder behind .


What the Spaniards then called `` chocolatl '' was said to be a beverage consisting of a chocolate base flavored with vanilla and other spices that was served cold .

What the Spanish then called `` chocolatl '' was said to be a drink made of a chocolate base with vanilla and other spices that was served cold .


This powder , much like the instant cocoa powder used today , was easier to stir into milk and water .

This powder - like the cocoa powder used now - was easier to stir into milk and water , and led to solid chocolate .


The drink tasted spicy and bitter , unlike modern hot chocolate , which is typically sweet .

The drink tasted spicy and bitter , unlike today 's hot chocolate .


Among the multiple thick forms of hot chocolate served in Europe is the Italian cioccolata densa .

Among the thick types of hot chocolate served in Europe is the Italian cioccolata densa .


It is very sweet and may be topped with marshmallows , whipped cream , or a piece of solid chocolate .

It is very sweet and often is served with marshmallows , whipped cream , or a piece of solid chocolate .


When he returned to England , he brought the recipe with him , introducing milk chocolate to Europe .

When he came back to England , he brought the recipe with him , bringing milk chocolate to Europe .


They then poured the drink back and forth from a cup to a pot until a thick foam developed .

They then poured the drink back and forth from a cup to a pot until a foam was created .


This style of hot chocolate can be extremely thick , often having the consistency of warm chocolate pudding .

This style of hot chocolate can be very thick , often being like warm chocolate pudding .


To make the chocolate drink , which was served cold , the Maya ground cocoa seeds into a paste and mixed it with water , cornmeal , chili peppers , and other ingredients .

To make the drink , the Maya ground cocoa seeds into a paste and mixed it with water , cornmeal , chile peppers , and spices .


Additionally , cocoa was given as a dowry when members of the Spanish Royal Family married other European aristocrats .

Also , cocoa was given as a gift when the Spanish Royal Family married other royalty .


Hot chocolate was first brought to North America as early as the 17th century by the Dutch , but the first time colonists began selling hot chocolate was around 1755 .

European hot chocolate first came to the U.S. as early as the 1600s by the Dutch , but the first time colonists began selling hot chocolate was around 1755 .


At this time , chocolate still only existed in the bitter drink invented by the Mayas .

At this time , chocolate still was only the bitter drink made by the Mayans .


By using cocoa powder and low amounts of cocoa butter , it was then possible to manufacture bar chocolate .

By using cocoa powder and a little bit of cocoa butter , bar chocolate was then able to be made .


Because sugar was yet to come to the Americas , xocolatl was said to be an acquired taste .

Because sugar had not come to the Americas , xocolatl was said to be something that one did not like in the beginning .


Mexican cinnamon hot chocolate is traditionally served alongside a variety of Mexican pastries known as pan dulce or with churros .

Mexican cinnamon hot chocolate is often served with a variety of Mexican breads or pastries called pan dulce and churros .


In some cafes in Belgium and other areas in Europe , one who orders a `` warme chocolade '' or `` chocolat chaud '' receives a cup of steaming white milk and a small bowl of bittersweet chocolate chips to dissolve in the milk .

Some cafes in Belgium and other areas in Europe serve a `` warme chocolade '' or `` chocolat chaud '' .


Hot chocolate with churros is the traditional working-man 's breakfast in Spain .

Hot chocolate and churros is the normal working-man 's breakfast in Spain .


Sweet-tasting hot chocolate was then invented , leading hot chocolate to become a luxury item among the European nobility by the 17th century .

Sweet hot chocolate was then made , making hot chocolate a luxury item with the European royalty in the 17th century .


However , Jose de Acosta , a Spanish Jesuit missionary who lived in Peru and then Mexico in the later 16th century , described xocolatl as : After defeating Montezuma 's warriors and demanding that the Aztec nobles hand over their valuables , Cortés returned to Spain in 1528 , bringing cocoa beans and chocolate drink making equipment .

However , Jose de Acosta , a Spanish Jesuit missionary who lived in Peru and then Mexico in the later 16th century , described xocolatl as a drink with a bitter taste that the natives liked a lot .


Today , hot chocolate is consumed throughout the world and comes in multiple variations including the very thick cioccolata densa served in Italy , and the thinner hot cocoa that is typically consumed in the United States .

It comes in many different types such as the very thick cioccolata densa in Italy , and the thinner hot cocoa that is usually drunk in the United States .


In Mexico , hot chocolate remains a popular national drink .

In Mexico , hot chocolate is still popular .


Traditionally , hot chocolate has been associated with cold weather , winter , and dessert in the United States .

Hot chocolate is usually drank in cold weather and winter in the United States .


The court of King Charles V soon adopted the drink , and what was then only known as `` chocolate '' became a fashionable drink popular with the Spanish upper class .

The court of King Charles V soon began drinking it , and what was then only called `` chocolate '' became a popular drink with the Spanish upper class .


Hot chocolate , also known as hot cocoa , is a heated beverage typically consisting of shaved chocolate , melted chocolate or cocoa powder , heated milk or water , and sugar .

Hot chocolate ( also called hot cocoa , drinking chocolate or just cocoa ) is a hot drink .


Even when the first Chocolate House ( an establishment similar to a modern coffee shop ) opened in 1657 , chocolate was still very expensive , costing 50 to 75 pence ( approximately 10-15 shillings ) a pound .

Even when the first Chocolate house ( a store like a coffee shop now ) opened in 1657 , the drink still cost a lot .


After its introduction to Europe , the drink slowly gained popularity .

After coming to Europe , the drink slowly got popularity .


In the United States , the drink is popular in instant form , made with hot water or milk from a packet containing mostly cocoa powder , sugar , and dry milk .


The beverage became popular in Europe after being introduced from Mexico in the New World , and has undergone multiple changes since then .

The drink became popular in Europe after being brought from Mexico into the New World , and has changed a lot since then .


At the time , chocolate was very expensive in Europe because the cocoa beans only grew in South America .

Then , chocolate cost a lot in Europe because the cacao beans only grew in South America .


Hot chocolate of this type is commonly sold in circular or hexagonal tablets which can be dissolved into hot milk , water , or cream , and then blended until the mixture develops a creamy froth .

Hot chocolate of this type is often sold in tablets or bars which can be put into hot milk , water or cream .


An early Classic ( 460-480 AD ) period Mayan tomb from the site of Rio Azul , Guatemala , had vessels with the Maya glyph for cacao on them with residue of a chocolate drink .

It was used there around 1100 BC\/BCE An early Classic Period ( 460-480 AD\/CE ) Mayan grave from Río Azul , Guatemala , had cups with the Mayan words for cacao on them with traces of an old chocolate drink .


This is the thinner of the two main variations .

This is the thinner of the two main types .


The first chocolate beverage is believed to have been created by the Mayas around 2,000 years ago , and a cocoa beverage was an essential part of Aztec culture by 1400 AD .

It is believed that the hot chocolate drink was first made by the Mayan people about 2,000 years ago .


In the late 17th century , Hans Sloane , president of the Royal College of Physicians , visited Jamaica .

In the late 1600s , Hans Sloane , president of the Royal College of Physicians , went toJamaica .


Chocolate was available to Maya of all social classes , although the wealthy drank chocolate from elaborately decorated vessels .

Maya of all social classes could get the drink , but the rich drank chocolate from fancy vessels or cups .


Free oxygen has been an important constituent of the atmosphere ever since .

Free oxygen has been an important part of the atmosphere ever since .


For example , at today 's rates of photosynthesis ( which are much greater than those in the land-plant-free Precambrian ) , modern atmospheric O2 levels could be produced in around 2,000 years .

At today 's rates of photosynthesis ( which are much greater than those in the land-plant-free Precambrian ) , modern atmospheric O2 levels could be produced in around 2,000 years .


These organisms lived long before the GOE , perhaps as early as 3,500 million years ago .

These organisms lived long before the GOE , perhaps as early as 3500 million years ago ( mya ) .


After the GOE the excess free oxygen started to accumulate in the atmosphere .

The excess free oxygen started to accumulate in the atmosphere .


Free oxygen is toxic to obligate anaerobic organisms and the rising concentrations may have wiped out most of the Earth 's anaerobic inhabitants at the time .

Oxygen was toxic to most of the Earth 's anaerobic inhabitants at the time .


The most widely accepted chronology of the Great Oxygenation Event suggests that free oxygen was first produced by prokaryotic and then later eukaryotic organisms that carried out oxygenic photosynthesis , producing oxygen as a waste product .

The most widely accepted chronology of the Great Oxygenation Event suggests that oxygen was first produced by photosynthetic organisms ( prokaryotic , then eukaryotic ) that emitted oxygen as a waste product .


Before the GOE , any free oxygen they produced was chemically captured by dissolved iron or organic matter .

The difference was that before the GOE , organic matter and dissolved iron chemically captured any free oxygen .


The GOE was the point when these oxygen sinks became saturated and could not capture all of the oxygen that was produced by cyanobacterial photosynthesis .

The GOE was the point when these minerals became saturated and could not capture any more oxygen .


Additionally the free oxygen reacted with the atmospheric methane , a greenhouse gas , reducing its concentration and thereby triggering the Huronian glaciation , possibly the longest snowball Earth episode .

The reaction removed the methane and caused the Huronian glaciation , possibly the longest snowball Earth episode ever .


The Great Oxygenation Event ( GOE ) , also called the Oxygen Catastrophe , Oxygen Crisis , the Oxygen Revolution , or Great Oxidation , was the biologically induced appearance of free oxygen ( O2 ) in Earth 's atmosphere .

The Great Oxygenation Event ( GOE ) was the introduction of free oxygen into our atmosphere .


Populated areas include the city of Geraldton , Broome , Carnarvon , Derby , Dongara , Kalbarri , Karratha , Kununurra , Meekatharra , Merredin , Moora , Mukinbudin , Newman , Port Hedland and Tom Price .

It includes Geraldton , Broome , Carnarvon , Derby , Dongara , Kalbarri , Karratha , Kununurra , Meekatharra , Merredin , Moora , Mukinbudin , Newman , Port Hedland and Tom Price .


At 1,587,758 km ² ( 62 percent of Western Australia 's landmass ) , Durack is the largest electorate in Australia by land area and is the second largest single-member electorate in the world , after Nunavut in Canada .

At 1,587,758 km ² , Durack is the largest electorate in Australia by land area .


The Division is named after the pioneering Durack family , whose exploits were chronicled in Mary Durack 's celebrated family history , Kings in Grass Castles and Sons in the Saddle .

The Division is named after the pioneering Durack family .


Friedrich Schiller University Jena ( FSU ) ( German : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena , colloquially Uni Jena ) , is a public research university located in Jena , Thuringia , Germany .

The Friedrich Schiller University of Jena ( German : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena ; abbreviation : FSU ) is a university in Jena , Germany .


Narcolepsy is a neurological sleep disorder .


It is not caused by mental illness or psychological problems .

It is not a mental illness , or caused by psychological problems .


The Hershey-Chase experiments were a series of experiments conducted in 1952 by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase that helped to confirm that DNA is the genetic material .

The Hershey-Chase experiments were a series of experiments started in 1952 by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase .


Hershey shared the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Max Delbrück and Salvador Luria for their `` discoveries concerning the genetic structure of viruses . ''

Hershey shared the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his `` discoveries concerning the genetic structure of viruses . ''


The music video depicts the story of a `` pornomime '' and a girl who falls in love after she watches one of his performances .

The video shows the story of a `` pornomime '' and a girl who falls in love after she watches one of his performances .


at the Disco 's debut album A Fever You Ca n't Sweat Out .

The song is the last song on Panic at the Disco 's début album A Fever You Ca n't Sweat Out .


at the Disco 's 2005 album A Fever You Ca n't Sweat Out , including the radio-only single `` The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage '' .

`` Build God , Then We 'll Talk '' is the fifth and last official single , written by Ryan Ross , from Panic at the Disco 's 2005 album , A Fever You Ca n't Sweat Out , including the radio-only single `` The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage '' .


The video is the first from the band to be web-exclusive , mostly because they felt it was too vulgar for television , but it aired on MTV2 in the UK and on A1 in Russia .

The video is the first from the band to be web-exclusive , mostly because they felt it was too offensive for television , but it has aired on MTV2 in the UK and is available on Music Choice On-demand .


The mime and his girlfriend both walk in on each other having affairs ( mimed , of course ) , again symbolizing the emptiness of their mimed relationships .

The mime and his girlfriend both walk in on each other having affairs ( pretended , of course ) , again showing the emptiness of their fake relationships .


To overcome the confusion caused by this array of numbers , the United States Department of Transportation ( USDOT ) petitioned the Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) for a national assignment of a single three-digit N11 dialing code .

To fix this , the United States Department of Transportation ( called the USDOT ) asked the Federal Communications Commission ( called the FCC ) for a special N11 code .


Travelers can dial the three-digit telephone number 5-1-1 on traditional landline telephones and most mobile phones .

People can dial the number on a landline phone or on a mobile phone to get information about traffic and travel .


On July 21 , 2000 , the FCC assigned 511 as a nationwide telephone number for ITS traveler information , along with 2-1-1 for social services .

On July 21 , 2000 , the FCC made 5-1-1 the national telephone number for travel information .


Doris Okada Matsui ( born September 25 , 1944 ) is the U.S. Representative for California 's 6th congressional district .

Doris Okada Matsui ( born September 25 , 1944 ) is an American politician .


An independent inquiry into the incident ( the worst of its kind in British history ) was started in 2002 , and a draft report issued in January 2005 , but questions still remain as to the long-term effects on the health of local residents .

An independent inquiry into the incident ( the worst of its kind in British history ) was started in 2002 , and a draft report issued in January 2005 , but there is still concern about long-term effects on the health of local people .


The town is approximately ten miles ( 16 km ) north of Bodmin and is governed by Camelford Town Council .

The town is about ten miles ( 16 km ) north of Bodmin and is governed by a town council .


The A39 road ( dubbed ` Atlantic Highway ' ) passes directly through the town center : a bypass has been discussed for many years .

The A39 road goes through the town center .


Lanteglos-by-Camelford is the ecclesiastical parish in which the town is situated ( not to be confused with Lanteglos-by-Fowey ) .

Lanteglos-by-Camelford is the ecclesiastical parish which includes the town .


Camelford Station was some distance from the town and closed in 1966 ; the site was subsequently used as a cycling museum .

Camelford railway station on the line to Padstow was some distance from the town and closed in 1966 .


Lilian Jackson Braun ( June 20 , 1913 - June 4 , 2011 ) was an American writer , well known for her light-hearted series of `` The Cat Who ... '' mystery novels .

Lilian Jackson Braun ( June 20 , 1913-June 4 , 2011 ) was an American writer .


For the Detroit Free Press she worked as the `` Good Living '' editor for 30 years , retiring from that post in 1978 .

She starting working for the Detroit Free Press .


The `` Cat Who '' books center around the life of former newspaper reporter , James Qwilleran , and his two Siamese cats , KoKo and Yum-Yum , in the fictitious small town of Pickax located in Moose County `` 400 miles north of everywhere . ''

The books are about the life of former newspaper reporter James Qwilleran , and his two Siamese cats , KoKo and Yum Yum .


At the 2008 Canadian Championships , he won his third bronze medal at that competition .

He won the bronze medal two times at the Canadian national championships .


This attracted the attention of Olympic bronze medalist Toller Cranston .

Sawyer is often compared to Canadian Olympic bronze medalist Toller Cranston .


Cranston was about to retire from show skating and he envisioned a final tribute show in which he and other skaters passed down their knowledge of skating and life lessons to a young skater .

When Sawyer was 12 , Cranston was about to retire from show skating .


Sawyer , already very flexible , had been working on a Biellmann spin .

Sawyer has performed the Biellmann spin in exhibition when he was a junior-level skater , but has since stopped training it .


His father , Fulk the Red had arranged his marriage to a Carolingian , Gerberga , the daughter of Ratburnus I Viscount of Vienne .

His father , Fulk the Red , had arranged his marriage to a Carolingian , Gerberga , the daughter of Ratburnus I Viscount of Vienne .


He was succeeded by his 20 year old son Geoffrey Greymantle .

He was succeeded by his son Geoffrey Greymantle .


The Angevins , Fulk II included , had become particularly adept at establishing marriage alliances that furthered their goals .

The Angevins , Fulk II included , had become very good at making marriage alliances that helped their goals .


By his spouse , Gerberge , Fulk II had several children : Fulk II had no known issue with Adelaide .

By his wife , Gerberge , Fulk II had several children : By his second wife Adelaide , he had no children .


He succeeded his father in 941 as the second count of Anjou , also called the count of Angers , and remained in power until 960 .

He succeeded his father in 942 as the second count of Anjou ( also called the count of Angers ) and remained in power until 960 .


Fulk died in 960 , at the relatively old age of 55 .


Adelaide was also the sister of Theobald I , Count of Blois which permitted Fulk II to form an alliance with the House of Blois .

This allowed Fulk II to form an alliance with the House of Blois .


Fulk II born c. 905 was a son of Fulk the Red and his wife Roscilla de Loches , daughter of Warnerius , Seigneur de Villentrois .

He was the son of Fulk the Red and his wife Roscilla de Loches .


Alan II had also been Count of Nantes and through this marriage Fulk gained influence in , and possibly control of , Nantes .

Alan II had also been Count of Nantes and the marriage probably gave Fulk control of Nantes .


Fulk II of Anjou ( c. 905 - 960 ) , called le Bon ( the good ) was count of Anjou from 941 to his death .

Fulk II of Anjou ( c. 905-960 ) , called the good ( French : le Bon ) , was a French nobleman and the Count of Anjou from 942 to his death in 960 .


Among other things this alliance opened the doors for their daughter Adelaide-Blanche to marry a future king of France and their son Guy to become Bishop of le Puy .

Among other things this marriage made it possible for their daughter Adelaide-Blanche to marry a future king of France .


Many automatic rifles are select-fire weapons which are capable of firing in fully automatic and semi-automatic modes , or in some cases , even being capable of burst-fire .

Usually , an automatic rifle is a semi-automatic rifle which fires a rifle bullet .


The world 's first automatic rifle was the Mondragón rifle designed by Mexican General Manuel Mondragón , but manufactured in Switzerland by SIG .

The very first automatic rifle was the Mexican Mondragón rifle .


Pope Boniface IX ( Latin : Bonifatius IX , ; c. 1350 - 1 October 1404 ) , born Piero Tomacelli , was Pope from 2 November 1389 to his death in 1404 .

Pope Boniface IX ( Latin : Bonifacius Nonus ; 1350 - 1 October 1404 ) , born Piero Tomacelli , was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 204th Pope from 1389 until his death in 1404 .


Piero ( also Perino , Pietro ) Tomacelli came of an ancient but impoverished baronial family of Casarano in the Kingdom of Naples .

Piero Tomacelli was born into the baronial family of Casarano in the Kingdom of Naples .


Also in 1944 , Forest Service worker Rudy Wendelin became the full-time campaign artist ; he was considered Smokey Bear 's `` caretaker '' until he retired in 1973 .

Also in 1944 , Forest Service worker Rudy Wendelin became the full time campaign artist ; he was considered Smokey Bear 's `` caretaker '' until he retired in 1973 .


At first he was called `` Hotfoot Teddy '' , but he was later renamed Smokey , after the mascot .

At first , he was called `` Hotfoot Teddy , '' but he was later renamed Smokey , after the mascot .


The forest service began using colorful posters to educate Americans about the dangers of forest fires .

The forest service began using colorful posters to teach Americans about the dangers of forest fires .


The living symbol of Smokey Bear was an American black bear cub who in the spring of 1950 was caught in the Capitan Gap fire , a wildfire that burned 17,000 acres ( 69 km2 ) in the Lincoln National Forest , in the Capitan Mountains of New Mexico .

The living symbol of Smokey Bear was an American black bear who , in the spring of 1950 , was caught in the Capitan Gap fire , a wildfire that burned 17,000 acres ( 69 km2 ) in the Capitan Mountains of New Mexico .


Soon after , Smokey was flown in a Piper Cub airplane to the National Zoo in Washington , D.C. .

Soon after , Smokey was flown in a Piper Cub airplane to the National Zoo in Washington , D.C. , where he lived for 26 years .


Upon his death on November 9 , 1976 , Smokey 's remains were returned by the government to Capitan , New Mexico , and buried at what is now the Smokey Bear Historical Park .

After he died on November 9 , 1976 , Smokey 's remains were returned by the government to Capitan , New Mexico , and buried at what is now the Smokey Bear Historical Park .


In 1952 , the songwriters Steve Nelson and Jack Rollins had a successful song named `` Smokey the Bear '' .

In 1952 , the songwriters Steve Nelson and Jack Rollins made a famous song named `` Smokey the Bear '' .


According to the Ad Council , Smokey Bear and his message are recognized by 95 % of adults and 77 % of children .

According to the Ad Council , Smokey Bear and his message are recognized by 95 % of adults and 77 % of children in the U.S. Smokey 's correct name is Smokey Bear .


An advertising campaign featuring Smokey was created in 1944 with the slogan , `` Smokey Says - Care Will Prevent 9 out of 10 Forest Fires '' .

An advertising campaign featuring Smokey was started in 1944 with the slogan , `` Smokey Says - Care Will Prevent 9 out of 10 Forest Fires '' .


Knickerbocker Bears gained the license to produce Smokey Bear dolls in 1944 .

Knickerbocker Bears got a license to make Smokey bear dolls in 1944 .


Smokey Bear 's later slogan , `` Remember ... Only YOU Can Prevent Forest Fires '' , was created in 1947 by The Advertising Council .

Smokey Bear 's later slogan , `` Remember ... Only YOU Can Prevent Forest Fires '' , was made in 1947 by the Ad Council .


Smokey 's debut poster was released on August 9 , 1944 , which is considered his anniversary date .

Smokey 's first poster was released on August 9 , 1944 .


His name was inspired by `` Smokey '' Joe Martin , a New York City Fire Department hero who suffered burns and blindness during a bold 1922 rescue .

The bear was named `` Smokey '' after `` Smokey '' Joe Martin , a New York City Fire Department hero who suffered burns and blindness during a brave 1922 rescue .


Smokey had climbed a tree to escape the blaze , but his paws and hind legs had been burned .

Smokey had climbed a tree to get away from the fire , but his paws and hind legs had been burned .


From the beginning , Smokey 's name was intentionally spelled differently from the adjective smoky .

Smokey 's name is spelled differently from the word smoky on purpose .


According to other records , including a story in Life Magazine , New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Ranger Ray Bell took him to Santa Fe , where he , his wife Ruth , and their children Don and Judy cared for the cub .

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish Ranger Ray Bell took him to Santa Fe .


In it Smokey was depicted wearing jeans and a campaign hat , pouring a bucket of water on a campfire .

In the poster , Smokey was wearing jeans and a `` forest ranger 's hat '' ( a campaign hat ) , pouring a bucket of water on a campfire .


Though the U.S. Forest Service fought wildfires long before World War II , the war brought a new importance and urgency to the effort .

Though the US Forest Service fought wildfires long before World War II , the war made doing it even more important .


In April 2001 , the message was updated to `` Only You Can Prevent Wildfires '' .

In April 2001 , the message was changed to `` Only You Can Prevent Wildfires '' .


Smokey Bear ( also sometimes called Smokey the Bear ) is a mascot of the United States Forest Service .


In 1947 , the slogan associated with Smokey Bear for more than five decades was finally coined : `` Remember ... only YOU can prevent forest fires . ''

In 1947 , the saying now associated with Smokey Bear was first said : `` Remember ... only YOU can prevent forest fires . ''


The fictional character Smokey Bear , created by the art critic Harold Rosenberg , is administered by three entities : the United States Forest Service , the National Association of State Foresters , and the Ad Council .

The fictional character Smokey Bear is run by three groups : the United States Forest Service , the National Association of State Foresters , and the Ad Council .


Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone is the first novel in the Harry Potter series , written by J. K. Rowling .

Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone is the first book in the Harry Potter series , written by J.K. Rowling .


In 1998 , Scholastic Corporation published an edition for the United States market under the title Harry Potter and the Sorcerer 's Stone .

In the United States , it was called Harry Potter and the Sorcerer 's Stone .


Harry Potter and the Philosopher 's Stone was released in London on 14 November 2001 .

In the United States the book and movie are called Harry Potter and the Sorcerer 's Stone .


Titanotylopus is an extinct genus of terrestrial herbivore the family Camelidae , endemic to North America from the Miocene through Pleistocene 10.3 mya-300 ,000 years ago , existing for approximately 10 million years .

Titanotylopus is an extinct genus of terrestrial herbivore in the family Camelidae .


Hyderabad has a tropical wet and dry climate ( Köppen Aw ) bordering on a hot semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSh ) .


The highest temperature ever recorded was 45.5 ° C ( 114 ° F ) on 2 June 1966 , and the lowest was 6.1 ° C ( 43 ° F ) on 8 January 1946 .

The highest temperature ever recorded was 45.5 ° C ( 113.9 ° F ) on 2 June 1966 .


Established in 1591 by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah , Hyderabad remained under the rule of the Qutb Shahi dynasty for nearly a century before the Mughals captured the region .

Hyderabad was founded by Sultan Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah in 1591 AD .


Among these the Charminar has become an icon of the city ; located in the center of old Hyderabad , it is a square structure with sides 20 metres ( 66 ft ) long and four grand arches each facing a road .

The Charminar has long been the icon of Hyderabad .


Hindus form the majority of Hyderabad 's population .

Hindus form the majority while Muslims are 40 % of the population .


The nine Telugu - and Urdu-speaking districts of Hyderabad state that make up the Telangana region were merged with the Telugu-speaking Andhra State to create Andhra Pradesh , with Hyderabad as its capital .

So , Hyderabad came into the Telugu speaking community and thus became the capital of Andhra Pradesh .


The catchment area of Curitiba consists of rivers and streams that cross the city in different directions , grouped in six river basins .

The catchment area of Curitiba consists of several rivers and streams that cross the city in different directions , grouped in six river basins .


The main rivers that form the city 's watershed are : Atuba River , Belém River , Barigüi River , Passaúna River , Ribeirão dos Padilhas and the Iguaçu River , all with characteristics of dendritic drainage .

The main rivers that form the watershed of the city are : Atuba River , Belém River , Barigüi River , Passaúna River , Ribeirão dos Padilhas and the Iguaçu River , all with characteristics of dendritic drainage .


Other alternatives developed to minimize the negative effects of urbanization are the implementation of programs for environmental education , inspection and monitoring , elaboration and application of legislation and infrastructure works .

Other alternatives developed to minimize the effects of urbanization are the implementation of the programs for environmental education , inspection and monitoring , elaboration and application of legislation and infrastructure works .


Curitiba is an important cultural , political , and economic center in Latin America .

Curitiba is an important cultural , political , and economic center in the country .


The yellow ipê is the city 's most common tree .

Currently , the yellow ipê is the most common tree in the city .


Curitiba has been working since the 1970s on alternatives to minimize the negative impacts of urbanization on rivers .

Since the 1970s , Curitiba has working on alternatives to minimize the negative impacts of urbanization on rivers .


An example is the construction of parks along the rivers with artificial lakes , which absorb and retain water for longer periods of time , minimizing floods .

An example of this was the construction of parks along the rivers with artificial lakes , which retain the water for longer periods of time , minimizing floods .


Mountain ranges and sets of rocky hills surround parts of the city , including the Serra do Mar ( Portuguese for `` Mountain Range of the Sea '' ) , located in the east that separates the plateau from the coast of Paraná .

There are mountain ranges and sets of rocky elevations in almost all around the city , being the most remarkable and impressive of the Serra do Mar ( Portuguese for `` Mountain Range of the Sea '' ) , in the east that separates the plateau from the coast of Paraná .


The Municipal Secretariat of the Environment maintains a botanical garden and three greenhouses that produce 150,000 native and exotic seedlings : 16,000 fruit trees , 260,000 flowers , foliage and underbrush specimens and the maintenance of another 350,000 seedlings .

The Municipal Secretariat of the Environment maintains a botanical garden and three green houses for the annual production of 150,000 seedlings of native and exotic tree species , 16,000 seedlings of fruit trees , 260,000 seedlings of flowers , foliage and underbrush , on top of the total maintenance of 350,000 seedlings .


Curitiba has a topography of smooth , rounded hills , giving it a relatively regular shape .

Curitiba has a wavy topography of smooth rounded hills , an terrain a little wavy , giving a relatively regular appearance .


The City of Curitiba has an average altitude of 934.6 metres ( 3,066 ft ) above sea level .

The municipality of Curitiba has an average altitude of 934.6 m above sea level , where the highest point is to the north ( 1,021.0 m ) .


After many studies of local water flows , most rivers were found to be subject to a canalization process .

Currently , after many studies about the local water passages , almost all the rivers are in canalization process .


Curitiba is located in the area of the Ombrophilous Mixed Forest ( also known as Araucaria moist forests ) , a sub-type of the Atlantic Forest .

Curitiba is in the area of vegetation called Araucaria moist forests , composed of steppes , Araucaria forest and other formations .


During summertime , the average temperature is around 25 ° C ( 77 ° F ) at daytime , but it can get above 30 ° C ( 86 ° F ) on the hottest days .

During summer , the average temperature is around 21 ° C ( 70 ° F ) , but sometimes gets around 32 ° C ( 90 ° F ) on hot days .


The vegetation of Curitiba encompasses a large population of purple and yellow ipês ( tabebuias ) , making a beautiful sight during flowering at winter 's end .

The vegetation of Curitiba is also characterized by the existence of a large quantity of purple and yellow ipês ( tabebuias ) , making a spectacle of beauty to the landscape of the city during the flowering in the end of winter .


Curitiba is divided into nine regional governments ( equivalent to subprefecture ) , who manage the municipality 's 75 districts .

Curitiba is divided into 9 regional governments ( boroughs ) , covering the 75 neighborhoods of the city .


The city sits on a plateau at 932 metres ( 3,058 ft ) above sea level .

The city is on a plateau 932 m ( 3107 ft ) above sea level .


Another version , also using words from the Tupi language , is that it originates in the combination of kurit ( pine tree ) and yba ( large amount ) .

It may also come from joining the words kurit ( `` pine tree '' ) and yba ( `` large amount '' ) , also from the Tupi language , together .


Curitiba is twinned with : In addition Curitiba has cooperation agreements with :

Curitiba has a strong relationship with the performing arts and theater .


The city hosts the Federal University of Paraná , established in 1912 .

Curitiba has high rates of education and is home to the oldest Brazilian university , the Federal University of Paraná .


Among Brazil 's twenty-six state capitals , its altitude makes Curitiba the coldest .

It is the coldest of Brazil 's twenty-six state capitals , because of the altitude .


Curitiba was Brazil 's first city to have an IMAX movie theater .

Today , Curitiba has , approximately , 70 movie theaters , with daily programming , and is the first city in Brazil to have an IMAX cinema .


Afonso Pena International Airport is Curitiba 's main airport .

Large companies have moved their headquarters to the city because of Curitiba 's structure , its international airport , which serves the whole southern region ( the Afonso Pena International Airport ) , , its access to the Port of Paranaguá , and the junction of highways and railroads linking the south region directly to the southeast of the country .


Located in Southern Brazil , the humid city lies in a temperate zone .

Curitiba is a humid city in the subtropical zone in southern Brazil .


Valentin Berlinsky ( January 19 , 1925 - December 15 , 2008 ) was a Russian cellist .

Valentin Berlinsky ( born Irkutsk , 19 January , 1925 ; died 15 December , 2008 ) was a Russian cellist .


The quartet first met Dmitri Shostakovich in 1946 and became his interpreter .

The four musicians first met Dmitri Shostakovich in 1946 .


However , after a couple of weeks Rostropovich found he was too busy and nominated Berlinsky in his place .

However , after a couple of weeks Rostropovich found he was too busy , so he suggested that Berlinsky should take his place .


Valentin Berlinsky retired from the Borodin Quartet in September 2007 , and was succeeded by his protégé , Vladimir Balshin , but he still remained the group 's mentor .

Valentin Berlinsky retired from the Borodin Quartet in September 2007 .


Berlinsky was born in Irkutsk , Siberia , on January 19 , 1925 .

Valentin Berlinsky was born in Irkutsk , Siberia .


Berlinsky died at age 83 on the night of December 15 , 2008 , in Moscow , after a long illness .

He died on 15 December 2008 , in Moscow , after a long illness .


He was a founding member of the world-famous Borodin Quartet in 1945 and was a member until 2007 .

He played with the world-famous Borodin Quartet from 1945 when it was founded , and was a member until he retired in 2007 .


He was soon sent to Moscow to study at the Moscow Conservatory .

Soon he was sent to Moscow where he studied the cello and played with the Moscow Youth Orchestra .


For much of his life he taught at the Gnessin School of Music in Moscow , nurturing many talented young players .

For many years Berlinsky taught the cello at the Gnessin School of Music in Moscow .


When the war began , however , it declared its neutrality , arguing that because Austria-Hungary had itself declared war on Serbia , Romania was under no obligation to join the war .

Austria-Hungary then declared war on Serbia .


World War I ( WWI or WW1 ) , also known as the First World War , was a global war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918 .

World War I also known as the First World War , was a global war centered in Europe that began on 28th July 1914 and lasted until 11th November 1918 .


The Belize Barrier Reef is a 300-kilometer ( 190 mi ) long section of the 900-kilometer ( 560 mi ) Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System , which is continuous from Cancún on the north-eastern tip of the Yucatán Peninsula through the Riviera Maya and up to Honduras , making it one of the largest coral reef systems in the world after the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and the New Caledonia Barrier Reef .

The Belize Barrier Reef is a 300 kilometers ( 190 mi ) long section of the 900 kilometers ( 560 mi ) long Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System .


The Belize Barrier Reef is a series of coral reefs straddling the coast of Belize , roughly 300 meters ( 980 ft ) offshore in the north and 40 kilometers ( 25 mi ) in the south within the country limits .

The Belize Barrier Reef is a series of coral reefs .


The Belize Barrier Reef is home to a large diversity of plants and animals , and is one of the most diverse ecosystems of the world : With 90 % of the reef still needing to be researched , it is estimated that only 10 % of all species have been discovered .

The Belize Barrier Reef is home to many different plants and animals .


Factories made guns , machinery , tinware , furniture and harnesses .

It had factories making guns , machinery , tinware , furniture and harness .


It was first settled in August 1764 by Captain Steele Smith and his family from Farmington , Connecticut .

The first settler in Windsor was Captain Steele Smith who arrived with his family in August 1764 .


In 1835 , the first dam was built across Mill Brook to provide water power .

A dam built across Mill Brook in 1836 provided water power for these factories .


It is known as the birthplace of Vermont , where the state constitution was signed , and acted as the first capital until 1805 when Montpelier became the official state capital .

It is known as the birthplace of Vermont .


The National Olympic Committee for Belgium was created and recognized in 1906 .

The National Olympic Committee for Belgium was formed and recognized in 1906 .


Belgium has competed at most editions of the Olympic Games after making its first appearance at the 1900 Games .

Belgium has been in most Olympic Games .


VHD was first demonstrated in 1978 , and after numerous advertisements in 1981\/1982 National Geographic magazines , it was eventually released in Japan in 1983 .

The VHD was first demonstrated in 1978 , and after many advertisements in National Geographic magazines , It was eventually released in Japan and in the USA in 1983 .


It found its main niche as a karaoke system , and was also used in anime video games and interactive training systems .

During the time the VHD was made , it was mostly used for karaoke systems , anime video games , and interactive training systems .


By this time , both LaserDisc and CED were already suffering from the onslaught of VHS and Betamax VCRs .

However , by this time both Laserdisc and CED were already not selling well compared to the VHS and Betamax VCR systems .


In 1990 the Pollution Prevention Act was passed in the United States .

In 1990 , the Pollution Prevention Act was passed in the United States .


While green chemistry seems to focus on industrial applications , it does apply to any chemistry choice .

While green chemistry seems to focus on just industrial applications , it does apply to any chemistry choice .


As a chemical philosophy , green chemistry applies to organic chemistry , inorganic chemistry , biochemistry , analytical chemistry , and even physical chemistry .

Green chemistry applies organic chemistry , inorganic chemistry , biochemistry , analytical chemistry and even physical chemistry .


Click chemistry is often cited as a style of chemical synthesis that is consistent with the goals of green chemistry .

Click chemistry is often said to be a style of chemical synthesis that has the same aim as green chemistry .


Green chemistry , also called sustainable chemistry , is a philosophy of chemical research and engineering that encourages the design of products and processes that minimize the use and generation of hazardous substances .

Green chemistry ( also called sustainable chemistry ) is a type of chemical research and engineering .


Whereas environmental chemistry is the chemistry of the natural environment , and of pollutant chemicals in nature , green chemistry seeks to reduce and prevent pollution at its source .

But green chemistry wants to reduce and prevent pollution at its source .


The focus is on minimizing the hazard and maximizing the efficiency of any chemical choice .

Green chemists reduce the hazards and increase the efficiency of any chemical choice .


For example , the Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding ( OAEP ) scheme uses a simple Feistel network to randomize ciphertexts in certain asymmetric key encryption schemes .

For example , the Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding ( OAEP ) scheme uses a simple Feistel network to randomize ciphertexts in certain asymmetric-key encryption schemes .


Specifically , Michael Luby and Charles Rackoff analyzed the Feistel cipher construction , and proved that if the round function is a cryptographically secure pseudorandom function , with Ki used as the seed , then 3 rounds are sufficient to make the block cipher a pseudorandom permutation , while 4 rounds are sufficient to make it a `` strong '' pseudorandom permutation ( which means that it remains pseudorandom even to an adversary who gets oracle access to its inverse permutation ) .

Specifically , Michael Luby and Charles Rackoff analyzed the Feistel block cipher construction , and proved that if the round function is a cryptographically secure pseudorandom function , with Ki used as the seed , then 3 rounds is sufficient to make the block cipher a pseudorandom permutation , while 4 rounds is sufficient to make it a `` strong '' pseudorandom permutation ( which means that it remains pseudorandom even to an adversary who gets oracle access to its inverse permutation ) .


A large proportion of block ciphers use the scheme , including the Data Encryption Standard ( DES ) .

A large set of block ciphers use the scheme , including the Data Encryption Standard ( DES ) .


In cryptography , a Feistel cipher is a symmetric structure used in the construction of block ciphers , named after the German-born physicist and cryptographer Horst Feistel who did pioneering research while working for IBM ( USA ) ; it is also commonly known as a Feistel network .

In cryptography , a Feistel cipher is a symmetric structure used in the construction of block ciphers , named after the German IBM cryptographer Horst Feistel ; it is also commonly known as a Feistel network .


Many modern and also some old symmetric block ciphers are based on Feistel networks ( e.g. GOST 28147-89 block cipher ) , and the structure and properties of Feistel ciphers have been extensively explored by cryptographers .

Many modern symmetric block ciphers use Feistel networks , and the structure and properties of Feistel ciphers have been extensively explored by cryptographers .


Then the basic operation is as follows : Split the plaintext block into two equal pieces , ( , ) For each round , compute .

Then the basic operation is as follows : Split the plaintext block into two equal pieces , ( , ) For each round , compute ( calculate ) .


Decryption requires only reversing the order of the subkey using the same process ; this is the only difference between encryption and decryption : Unbalanced Feistel ciphers use a modified structure where and are not of equal lengths .


One advantage of the Feistel model compared to a substitution-permutation network is that the round function does not have to be invertible .

One advantage of this model is that the round function does not have to be invertible , and can be very complex .


The Skipjack cipher is an example of such a cipher .

The MacGuffin cipher is an experimental example of such a cipher .


The diagram illustrates both encryption and decryption .

The diagram illustrates the encryption process .


Further theoretical work has generalized the construction somewhat , and given more precise bounds for security .

Further theoretical studies generalized the construction , and defined more precise limits for security .


Like other components of the DES , the iterative nature of the Feistel construction makes implementing the cryptosystem in hardware easier ( particularly on the hardware available at the time of DES 's design ) .

Feistel construction is iterative in nature which makes implementing the cryptosystem in hardware easier .


State Bank of India ( SBI ) is a multinational banking and financial services company based in India .

State Bank of India ( SBI ) is the largest bank in India .


On 1 July 1955 , the Imperial Bank of India became the State Bank of India .

The State Bank of India was established on July 1 , 1955 .


It issued its own postage stamps and currency ( the Saar franc ) .

It had a currency , the Saar franc , and its own postage stamps during this period .


The Territory closely corresponds with the modern German state of Saarland , but was slightly smaller in area .

It was slightly smaller than the modern German state of Saarland .


Vehicle insurance ( also known as auto insurance , GAP insurance , car insurance , or motor insurance ) is insurance purchased for cars , trucks , motorcycles , and other road vehicles .

Vehicle insurance ( also called auto insurance or car insurance ) is a kind of insurance that protects people if they have a car accident .


Initially the land title was given to Taipei Grand Mosque , but then it was transferred to Kaohsiung Mosque which managed the construction of Tainan Mosque .

It was then transferred to Kaohsiung Mosque which managed the construction of the Tainan Mosque .


The building consists of four floors , in which they are dedicated for a shop , meeting room , ablution rooms for men and women , prayer hall and office .

The mosque has four floors , which consists of prayer hall , shop , meeting room , ablution room and office .


It is the sixth mosque to be built in Taiwan .

It is the sixth mosque in Taiwan , and the first and only mosque in Tainan .


The aim for the reconnaissance was to clear up the reasons of the specific disease origin - sources of the infection in various extreme situations , including local wars and armed conflicts , the ways of the infection transfer and all factors promoting to the infestation .

The aim for the reconnaissance is to clear up the reasons of the specific disease origin - sources of the infection in extreme situations , including local wars and armed conflicts , the ways of the infection transfer and all factors promoting to the infestation .


After the armed forces have become stationary during wartime and emergency of peace time the sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance turns into sanitary and epidemiological surveillance and medical control of vital and communal activity of the armed forces .

After the armed forces have become stationary during wartime and emergency of peace time the sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance turns into sanitary and epidemiological surveillance of vital and communal activity of the armed forces .


In 2010 at The Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development , Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological ( Biological ) and Toxin Weapons and Their Destruction in Geneva the sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance was suggested as well-tested means for enhancing the monitoring of infections and parasitic agents , for practical implementation of the International Health Regulations ( 2005 ) .

In 2010 at The Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development , Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological ( Biological ) and Toxin Weapons and Their Destruction in Geneva the sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance was suggested as means for monitoring of infections and parasitic agents and for practical implementation of the International Health Regulations ( 2005 ) .


Any group for sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance includes : epidemiologist , specialist on infections , assistant of epidemiologist ( bacteriologist-lab assistant ) , medical orderly ( if necessary , the group will include zoologist or parasitologist ) .

Mobile equipped group for sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance includes : epidemiologist , specialist on infections , assistant of epidemiologist ( bacteriologist - lab assistant ) , medical orderly ( if necessary , the group will include zoologist or parasitologist ) .


It is pointed out the significance of the sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance in assessing the sanitary-epidemiological situation , organizing and conducting preventive activities , indicating and identifying pathogenic biological agents in the environmental sites , conducting laboratory analysis of biological materials , suppressing hotbeds of infectious diseases , providing advisory and practical assistance to local health authorities .

The sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance will be important in assessing the sanitary-epidemiological situation , organizing and conducting preventive activities , indicating and identifying pathogenic biological agents , suppressing hotbeds of infectious diseases , providing advisory and practical assistance to local health authorities .


The aim was to prevent and minimize the consequences of natural outbreaks of dangerous infectious diseases as well as the treat of alleged use of biological weapons against BTWC States Parties .

The aim was to prevent and minimize the consequences of natural outbreaks of dangerous infectious diseases , the treat of alleged use of biological weapons .


These units should be formed up in the deployable medical set-ups Sanitary-epidemiological reconnaissance should result in revealing of the patients and persons , suspected to the specific disease , their isolation and hospitalization .

It should result in revealing of the patients and persons , suspected to the specific disease , their isolation and hospitalization .


About natural focality of the diseases is known elsewhere Historically , Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance implied collection and transfer of all data available on sanitary and epidemiological situation of the area of possible deployment and action of armed forces , the same data for the neighbouring and enemy armed forces .

The Polish contingents serving under the UN auspices focused their tasks among others on ... sanitary-epidemiological reconnaissance ... Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance is a collection and transfer of all data available on sanitary and epidemiological situation of the area of possible deployment and action of armed forces , the same data for the neighbouring and enemy armed forces .


Mobile sanitary epidemiological detachments followed immediately behind the first echelon of tanks and mechanized vehicles of advancing Soviet army should they encounter any particular contagious disease .

It has been used in the Soviet Japanese campaign in WWII immediately behind the first echelon of tanks and mechanized vehicles of advancing Soviet army should they encounter any particular contagious disease as withdrawing enemy forces had poisoned many wells and water sources .


Baroque music is a style of Western art music composed from approximately 1600 to 1750 .

Baroque music is an era and a set of styles of European classical music which were in use between about 1600 and 1750 .


By incorporating these new aspects of composition , Claudio Monteverdi furthered the transition from the Renaissance style of music to that of the Baroque period .

Claudio Monteverdi wrote some music in Renaissance style , and other music in Baroque style .


In 1990 , she was the only female entertainer allowed to perform in Saudi Arabia .

In 1990 , she was the only female entertainer who was allowed to go to Saudi Arabia .


Dolores Hope , DC \* SG ( May 27 , 1909 - September 19 , 2011 ) was an American singer , entertainer , philanthropist and wife of English-born American actor and comedian Bob Hope .

Dolores Hope ( May 27 , 1909 - September 19 , 2011 ) was an American singer .


On May 29 , 2003 , Dolores was at her husband 's side as he celebrated his 100th birthday ; he died two months later on July 27 , 2003 .

On May 27 , 2009 , Dolores Hope celebrated her 100th birthday .


She died of natural causes at her home in Toluca Lake , California , on September 19 , 2011 .


On funduscopic exam , a doctor will see cotton wool spots , flame hemorrhages ( similar lesions are also caused by the alpha-toxin of Clostridium novyi ) , and dot-blot hemorrhages .

On funduscopic exam , a doctor will see spots , flame hemorrhages , and dot-blot hemorrhages .


It is an ocular manifestation of diabetes , a systemic disease , which affects up to 80 percent of all patients who have had diabetes for 10 years or more .

It affects up to 80 percent of all patients who have had diabetes for 10 years or more .


On the second stage , as abnormal new blood vessels ( neovascularisation ) form at the back of the eye as a part of proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( PDR ) , they can burst and bleed ( vitreous hemorrhage ) and blur vision , because the new blood vessels are weak .

As new blood vessels form at the back of the eye as a part of proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( PDR ) , they can bleed ( ocular hemorrhage ) and blur vision .


Laser surgery may also slightly reduce color and night vision .

There may be some loss of peripheral ( side ) vision , and color vision , and night vision may also be slightly reduced .


Diabetic retinopathy , ( ( ˌrɛtnˈɑpəθi ) ) is retinopathy ( damage to the retina ) caused by complications of diabetes , which can eventually lead to blindness .

Diabetic retinopathy , is the most common eye disease caused by diabetes , it damages the retinas in both eyes , causing vision problems which may lead to blindness .


The CD-ROM Alive in the Superunknown contains the first four tracks from Songs from the Superunknown plus a multimedia portion featuring photos of the band , a video game , four music videos ( `` The Day I Tried to Live '' , `` Black Hole Sun '' , `` My Wave '' , and `` Fell on Black Days '' ) , a performance\/special effects video of `` Superunknown '' , and a live video of `` Kickstand '' , among other things .

The CD-ROM Alive in the Superunknown contains the first four tracks from Songs from the Superunknown plus a multimedia portion featuring photos of the band , a video game , four music videos ( `` My Wave '' , `` Fell on Black Days '' , `` Black Hole Sun '' , and `` The Day I Tried to Live '' ) , and a live video of `` Kickstand '' , among other things .


Songs from the Superunknown is an EP by the American rock band Soundgarden .

Songs from the Superunknown is an EP by the grunge band Soundgarden .


In the Atomic version , a new game play mode was introduced : Duke-Tag , a `` capture the flag '' style mode .

In the `` Atomic '' version , a new game play mode was introduced : Duke Tag , a `` capture the flag '' style mode .


Like Duke , these enemies have access to a wide range of weapons and equipment ( some weaker enemies have jet packs ) .

Like Duke , these `` boss '' enemies have a wide range of weapons and equipment ( some weaker enemies have jet packs ) .


Protective boots allow Duke to cross dangerously hot or toxic terrain .

Protective boots allow the player to cross dangerously hot or toxic floors .


The `` HoloDuke '' device projects a hologram of Duke that can be used to distract enemies .

The `` HoloDuke '' device projects a fake hologram of Duke that can be used to trick enemies .


The Total Entertainment Network featured hundreds of Duke 3D players online at any given time and players had to pay a monthly fee .

The Total Entertainment Network had hundreds of Duke 3D players online at any time , but players had to pay money monthly for it .


Kali allowed users to connect to a chat room to host and join games .

Kali allowed users to join a chat room to find opponents .


It is a sequel to the platform games Duke Nukem and Duke Nukem II published by Apogee .

Duke Nukem 3D is based on the main character from the platform games Duke Nukem and Duke Nukem II which were also published by Apogee .


Duke Nukem 3D players often either battled modem-to-modem , using the IPX network utility Kali or the Total Entertainment Network ( TEN ) online pay service .

Duke Nukem 3D players often used the IPX network utility Kali or the Total Entertainment Network ( TEN ) online service .


The levels of Duke Nukem 3D take the player outdoors and indoors through rendered street scenes , military bases , deserts , a flooded city , space stations , moon bases and a Japanese restaurant .

The levels of Duke Nukem 3D take the player outdoors and indoors , on the street , inside military bases , deserts , flooded cities , space stations , moon bases and Japanese villas .


Duke Nukem 3D is set on Earth `` sometime in the early 21st century '' .

Duke Nukem 3D is set `` sometime in the early 21st century '' , starting in a badly worn down Los Angeles .


Duke Nukem 3D is a first-person shooter video game developed by 3D Realms and published by GT Interactive Software .

Duke Nukem 3D is a first-person shooter video game .


Duke Nukem 3D did not support the TCP\/IP client\/server model , instead basing its network play on the IPX LAN , modem or serial cable .

In 1996 , at the time of the game 's release , Internet-based gaming was just beginning and Duke Nukem 3D could be played on IPX LAN or modem .


The game features a wide range of monsters , some of which are aliens , other mutated humans ( the LAPD has been turned into `` Pig-cops '' , a play on the derogatory term `` pig '' for police officers , with LARD emblazoned on their uniforms ) .

Some of these are aliens , others mutated humans ( the LAPD has been turned into monster pigs ) .


The game also features co-operative play ( co-op ) which allows players to complete the story based single player mode together .

The game also features co-operative play ( co-op ) which allows players to fight against the aliens instead of each other .


Levels were designed in a fairly non-linear manner such that players can advantageously use air ducts , back doors and sewers to avoid enemies or find hidden caches .

Levels were designed with many routes so that players can climb through air ducts , back doors and sewers to avoid enemies or find hidden secrets .


As is usual for a first-person shooter , Nukem encounters a large number of lesser foes , and a small number of boss enemies ( usually at the end of chapters ) .

Similar to many first-person shooter games , Nukem encounters a large number of weaker enemies , and a small number of boss enemies ( extremely powerful ) .


These locations are also filled with objects with which the player can interact , that either benefit the player in some form ( light switches make it easier to see , while water fountains and broken hydrants provide some health points ) or simply provide diversion ( tipping strippers provokes a quote from Duke and a provocative reveal from the dancer ) .

The secret items also include ( light switches to make it easier to see , water fountains and broken hydrants provide some health points ) or simply provide a touch of diversion and strippers who Duke tells jokes to and sometimes they open up their clothes .


In June 2008 , EDuke32 became the only Duke Nukem 3D port to compile and run natively on 64-bit Linux systems without the use of a 32-bit compatibility environment thanks to significant porting contributions from the DOSBox team .

In June 2008 , EDuke32 became the first Duke Nukem 3D project to be played as 64-bit software thanks to the DOSBox team .


Duke Nukem 3D is included in several compilations .

The game includes a range of weapons , some of which , even today , are still unique to the Duke Nukem series .


Wright also made major contributions to mammalian genetics and biochemical genetics .

Wright also made contributions to mammalian genetics and biochemical genetics .


An anecdote about Wright , disclaimed by Wright himself , describes a lecture during which Wright tucked an unruly guinea pig under his armpit , where he usually held a chalkboard eraser : according to the anecdote , at the conclusion of the lecture , Wright absent-mindedly began to erase the blackboard using the guinea pig .

An anecdote about Wright , disclaimed by Wright himself , describes a lecture during which Wright tucked an unruly guinea pig under his armpit , where he usually held a chalkboard eraser : at the end of the lecture , Wright absent-mindedly erased the blackboard with the guinea pig .


Wright had a long standing and bitter debate about this with R. A. Fisher , who felt that most populations in nature were too large for these effects of genetic drift to be important .

Wright had a long standing and sometimes bitter debate about this with R.A. Fisher , who felt that most populations in nature were too large for the effects of genetic drift to be important .


He extended this work to populations , computing the amount of inbreeding of members of populations as a result of random genetic drift , and he and Fisher pioneered methods for computing the distribution of gene frequencies among populations as a result of the interaction of natural selection , mutation , migration and genetic drift .

Together with Fisher , he pioneered methods for calculating the distribution of gene frequencies among populations as a result of the interaction of natural selection , mutation , migration and genetic drift .


Sewall Green Wright ( December 21 , 1889 - March 3 , 1988 ) was an American geneticist known for his influential work on evolutionary theory and also for his work on path analysis .

Sewall Green Wright ( 21 December 1889 - 3 March 1988 ) was an American geneticist .


Woodrow Wilson `` Woody '' Guthrie ( July 14 , 1912 - October 3 , 1967 ) was an American singer-songwriter and folk musician whose musical legacy includes hundreds of political , traditional and children 's songs , ballads and improvised works .

Woodrow Wilson Guthrie , better known as Woody Guthrie ( July 14 , 1912 - October 3 , 1967 ) , was an American folk musician and songwriter , of the 20th century .


Guthrie died of complications of Huntington 's disease on October 3 , 1967 .

Guthrie died in 1967 , from the effects of Huntington 's disease .


Guthrie was married three times and fathered eight children , including American folk musician Arlo Guthrie .

Dylan stayed with the Guthrie family , and became friends with thirteen-year-old Arlo Guthrie , who also became a musician .


His best-known song is `` This Land Is Your Land . ''

His more famous songs include `` This Land Is Your Land '' , `` Mail Myself To You '' , `` This Train '' , `` Bound For Glory '' , and `` Hobo 's Lullaby '' .


The movie was written by Clooney and Grant Heslov , both of whom also act in the film , and portrays the conflict between veteran radio and television journalist Edward R. Murrow and U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin , especially relating to the anti-Communist Senator 's actions with the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations .

It portrays the conflict between veteran radio and television journalist Edward R. Murrow and U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin , especially relating to the anti-Communist Senator 's actions with the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations .


The movie takes its title ( which ends with a period or full stop ) from the line with which Murrow routinely signed off his broadcasts .

The movie takes its title from the line with which Murrow routinely closed his broadcasts .


It focuses on the theme of media responsibility , and also addresses what occurs when the media offer a voice of dissent from government policy .

It also addresses what occurs when the media offer a voice of dissent against the government .


The movie , although released in black and white , was filmed on color film stock but on a greyscale set , and was color corrected to black and white during post-production .

The movie , although released in black and white , was filmed on color film stock but on a grayscale set .


Van ( Armenian : Վան ; Kurdish : Wan ; Ottoman Turkish : فان ) is a city in eastern Turkey 's Van Province , located on the eastern shore of Lake Van .

Van ( Armenian Վան ) is a city in eastern Turkey and the seat of Van Province , and is on the eastern shore of Lake Van .


The ATA is under construction at the Hat Creek Radio Observatory , 290 miles ( 470 km ) northeast of San Francisco , California .

The ATA is at the Hat Creek Radio Observatory , 290 miles ( 470 km ) northeast of San Francisco , California .


The Allen Telescope Array ( ATA ) , formerly known as the One Hectare Telescope ( 1hT ) , was a joint effort by the SETI Institute and the Radio Astronomy Laboratory ( RAL ) at the University of California , Berkeley to construct a radio interferometer that is dedicated to astronomical observations and a simultaneous search for extraterrestrial intelligence .

The Allen Telescope Array ( ATA ) was developed by the SETI Institute and the Radio Astronomy Laboratory ( RAL ) at the University of California , Berkeley to construct a radio interferometer that is dedicated to astronomical observations .


The first phase with 42 antennas ( ATA-42 ) is complete and became operational on 11 October 2007 .

To start , 42 antennas ( ATA-42 ) were put to work on 11 October 2007 .


In August 2011 , short-term funding was found , and operation of the ATA was resumed on December 5 , 2011 .

In August 2011 , ATA got short-term funding .


In the Late Middle Ages , many towns were members of the Hanseatic League .

In the Late Middle Ages many towns were members of the Hanseatic League .


The district was established in 1994 by merging the former districts of Gardelegen , Klötze , Salzwedel and ( partially ) Osterburg .

The modern district was established in 1994 by joining the former districts of Gardelegen , Klötze , Salzwedel and part of Osterburg .


The Altmark is a historical region that covers the territory of this district as well as parts of the neighbouring district of Stendal .

The old Altmark region , included parts of the neighbouring district of Stendal .


In the 10th century AD , it was the eastern border province of the Holy Roman Empire ; castles were built here in order to move the borders eastwards .

In the 10th century it was the eastern border of the Holy Roman Empire .


Carl August Steinheil in Munich was able to build a telegraph network within the city in 1835-6 .

Carl August Steinheil was able to build a telegraph network in 1835-6 .


His assistant , Alfred Vail , developed the Morse code signalling alphabet with Morse .

Vail , his assistant , developed the Morse code signalling alphabet with Morse .


An electrical telegraph is a telegraph that uses electrical signals , usually conveyed via telecommunication lines or radio .

The electrical telegraph is a telegraph that uses electric signals .


In 1833 , Carl Friedrich Gauss , together with the physics professor Wilhelm Weber in Göttingen installed a 1,200 metres ( 3,900 ft ) long wire above the town 's roofs .

Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber installed a 1000m long wire above the town 's roofs .


The telegraph invented by Baron Schilling von Canstatt in 1832 had a transmitting device which consisted of a keyboard with 16 black-and-white keys .

The telegraph had a transmitting device which had a keyboard with 16 black-and-white keys .


An electrical telegraph was independently developed and patented in the United States in 1837 by Samuel Morse .

In the United States , the telegraph was developed by Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail .


The vice-chancellor usually serves as the chief executive of the university .

The vice-chancellor of a university is instead the chief executive .


A Chancellor is a leader of a college or university , usually either the executive or ceremonial head of the university or of a university campus .

A chancellor is a leader of a university or a college .


Today the role of Lieutenant Governor is essentially ceremonial , although certain powers under Isle of Man legislation do still fall to the Governor or Governor-in-Council ( a decision on the advice , and with the approval of , the Council of Ministers ) .

Today the role of Lieutenant Governor is ceremonial , although certain powers under Isle of Man legislation do still fall to the Governor or Governor-in-Council ( a decision on the advice , and with the approval of , the Council of Ministers ) .


The Lieutenant Governor ( Manx : Fo-chiannoort ) is the representative on the Isle of Man of the Lord of Mann ( currently Queen Elizabeth II ) .

The Lieutenant Governor ( Manx : Fo-chiannoort ) is the representative on the Isle of Man of the Lord of Mann , currently Queen Elizabeth II .


In October 2005 Tynwald sought to change the title of the Lieutenant Governor to Crown Commissioner .

In October 2005 Tynwald wanted to change the title of the Lieutenant Governor to Crown Commissioner .


However , he lost his role as Head of the Judiciary in 1921 , as Head of Government in 1961 , as President of the Legislative Council in 1980 and finally as President of Tynwald in 1990 .

However , he lost his role as Head of the Judiciary and as Head of Government in 1961 , as President of Legislative Council in 1980 and finally as President of Tynwald in 1990 .


No Manx-born person has ever been appointed Lieutenant Governor , although Manx-born First Deemsters ( ex officio Deputy Governors ) have taken on the role during the transition of power between Governors , and during periods when the Lieutenant Governor is off-Island .

No Manx-born person has ever been appointed Lieutenant Governor , although Manx born First Deemsters ( ex officio Deputy Governors ) have taken on the role Governors ' terms of office , and when the Lieutenant Governor is off the Island .


Previously the Lieutenant Governor wielded all judicial , fiscal and executive power and circa 1900 had more power over his realms than any other Commonwealth leader .

The Lieutenant Governor had all judicial , fiscal ( tax raising ) and executive power and in about 1900 had more power over the island than any other Commonwealth leader had in their colony or dominion .


The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts is home to the National Symphony Orchestra , the Washington National Opera , and the Washington Ballet .

The National Symphony Orchestra , the Washington National Opera , and the Washington Ballet are all inside the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts .


The Kennedy Center Honors are awarded each year to those in the performing arts who have contributed greatly to the cultural life of the United States .

The Kennedy Center Honors are given every year to the people who have greatly helped the cultural life of the United States .


The centers of all three branches of the federal government of the United States are in the District , including the Congress , President , and Supreme Court .

Since 1800 , Washington D.C. is the home of all three branches of the U.S. government : Congress , the President , and the Supreme Court .


They all have large , gnawing , incisors separated from grinding molar teeth by a gap , or diastema .

They all have large , biting and chewing , incisors separated from grinding molar teeth by a gap , or diastema .


The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea .

The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complicated superfamily Muroidea .


The young are typically born blind , hairless , and helpless .

The young are usually born blind , hairless , and helpless .


Their diets are similarly variable , with herbivorous , omnivorous , and insectivorous species all being known .

Their diet is also variable , with herbivorous , omnivorous , and insectivorous species known .


At almost 600 species , it is the second largest family of mammals , and has members throughout the New World , Asia , and Europe .

With almost 600 species , it is the second largest family of mammals , and has animals in it in the New World , Asia , and Europe .


Yet others are burrowing animals , or ground-dwellers .

Yet others are burrowing animals , or ground-dwellers , which live in the ground .


The cricetids are small mammals , ranging from just 5-8 cm ( 2.0-3 .1 in ) in length and 7 g ( 0.25 oz ) in weight in the New World pygmy mouse up to 41-62 cm ( 16-24 in ) and 1,100 g ( 39 oz ) in the muskrat .

The cricetids are small mammals , ranging from just 5 to 8 cm and 7 grams in weight in the New World Pygmy Mouse , up to 41 to 62 cm and 1,100 grams in the Muskrat .


Like the Old World mice , cricetids are adapted to a wide range of habitats , from the high Arctic to tropical rainforests and hot deserts .

Like the Old World Mice , cricetids live in a wide range of habitats , in the high Arctic to tropical rainforests and hot deserts .


The fur of most species is brownish in color , often with a white underbelly , but many other patterns exist , especially in the cricetine and arvicoline subfamilies .

Most species have brown fur , with a white colored underbelly , but there are also many other patterns , especially in the cricetine and arvicoline subfamilies .


Some are arboreal , with long balancing tails and other adaptations for climbing , while others are semiaquatic , with webbed feet and small external ears .

Some are good at climbing , with long balancing tails and other way to help them to climb , while others can swim , with webbed feet and small external ears .


On November 18 , 2011 , the instrumental version of the track was played during the official launch of Minecraft .

The instrumental version of the song was played during the official launch of Minecraft .


`` Professional Griefers '' is a song by Canadian electronic music producer deadmau5 , featuring vocals by Gerard Way of My Chemical Romance , and is the third single from his sixth studio album Album Title Goes Here .

Professional Griefers is a song by Canadian electronic music producer deadmau5 and features vocals from American musician Gerard Way from My Chemical Romance .


The song is featured in the game FIFA 13 and its soundtrack .

The song was featured in the soundtrack for Electronic Arts ' FIFA 13 .


Then on 6 July 2012 , a preview of the track was uploaded to the official deadmau5 YouTube channel .

A preview for the song was uploaded on deadmau5 's YouTube channel on July 6 , 2012 and the song was finally released on iTunes and Beatport on August 14 , 2012 .


Professional Griefers was released on deadmau5 's album Album Title Goes Here , including a vocal mix , radio edit , and a music video .

The song is featured on deadmau5 's sixth studio album Album Title Goes Here .


Updates , which are downloaded via the system 's Internet connection allow Nintendo to add and remove features and software .

These updates , which are downloaded through the system 's Internet connection , lets Nintendo add and take away features and software .


Game cards can also be hot-swapped while in the menu .

Like the DSi , game cards can be swapped while in the menu .


All updates also include all changes from previous updates .

Updates also have changes from previous versions .


Nintendo 3DS system software is a set of updatable firmware versions and software frontend on the Nintendo 3DS video game console .

Nintendo 3DS system software is software on the Nintendo 3DS video game console that can be updated .


On the upper screen , a special 3D animated logo is displayed for each individual app , as well as system information such as wireless signal strength , date and time , and battery life , while on the bottom screen , application icons are displayed .

On the top screen , the menu shows information such as signal strength , step count , date , time , and battery life .


Portions of the southern border of the department are formed by the rivers Gracias a Dios and Santa Isabel .

Parts of the southern border of the department are formed by the rivers Gracias a Dios and Santa Isabel .


The main bodies of standing water in the department are the lakes Petén Itzá , Peténchel , Quexil , Salpetén and Macanche in the center of the department ; Yaxhá and Sacnab in the east , Petexbatún in the southwest , and Perdida , Larga , La Gloria , San Diego , Mendoza , El Repasto and Lacandón in the west .

The main bodies of water in the department are the lakes Petén Itzá , Peténchel , Quexil , Salpetén and Macanche in the center of the department ; Yaxhá and Sacnab in the east , Petexbatún in the southwest , and Perdida , Larga , La Gloria , San Diego , Mendoza , El Repasto and Lacandón in the west .


The Petén department was created by decree of the Guatemalan government on 8 May 1866 .

The Petén department was formed by the Guatemalan government on 8 May 1866 .


The Petén department is bordered on the east by Belize and by Mexico on the north and west , with the Mexican state of Chiapas to the west , Tabasco to the northwest and Campeche to the north .

The Petén department is bordered on the east by Belize and by Mexico on the north and west .


It is geographically the northernmost department of Guatemala , as well as the largest in size - at 12,960 square miles ( 33,600 km2 ) it accounts for about one third of Guatemala 's area .

It is also the largest in size & mdash at 12,960 square miles ( 33,600 km2 ) .


Diverticulitis is a common digestive disease which involves the formation of pouches ( diverticula ) within the bowel wall .

Diverticulitis is a disease of the digestive system .


The primary bowel resection is the standard procedure for diverticulitis .

The resection of the colon is the procedure most often used to treat severe diverticulitis .


This process is known as diverticulosis , and typically occurs within the large intestine , or colon , although it can occasionally occur in the small intestine as well .

It usually occurs in the large intestine .


The most common symptom of diverticulitis is abdominal pain .

Symptoms of diverticulitis depend on the extent of inflammation in the intestine .


The 2009 award in medicine was the first in the Nobel Prize 's history that more than one woman has been the recipient of the Nobel Prize in a single year .

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is one of the Nobel Prizes which were created by Alfred Nobel .


He later founded the world 's first university course on flamenco guitar , at the Rotterdam conservatory of music .

He founded the world 's first university course on flamenco guitar , at the Rotterdam conservatory of music .


However , dissatisfied with life on the coast and seeking a new challenge , he moved to London in the late 1960s to become a soloist .

Seeking a new challenge , he moved to London he become a soloist in the late 1960s .


Initially the star attraction in the Restaurante Antonio in Covent Garden , Peña generated so much interest among a British public previously uninitiated in Flamenco that he soon found himself sharing concerts with artists such as Jimi Hendrix , and made his solo debut at Wigmore Hall in 1967 .

Initially the star attraction in the Restaurante Antonio in Covent Garden , Peña got so much interest that he soon found himself sharing concerts with stars .


The origins of Liszt 's improvisation in an earlier tradition of playing variations on a theme were mastered and epitomized by Johann Sebastian Bach , Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , and Ludwig van Beethoven .

Many great composers such as Johann Sebastian Bach , Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Liszt were famous for their keyboard improvisations .


Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies ( TSEs ) , also known as prion diseases , are a group of progressive conditions ( encephalopathies ) that affect the brain and nervous system of many animals , including humans .

A prion disease ( also called transmissible spongiform encephalopathy ) is a disease which is caused by prions .


The Couesnon flows through the following departments and towns : Summer flow is typically in the range of 150 cubic feet per second ( 4.2 m3\/s ) .

The Couesnon flows through the following departments and towns : In the summer , the water flow is typically in the range of 150 cubic feet per second ( 4.2 m3\/s ) .


Its final stretch forms the border between the historical duchies of Normandy and Brittany .

Its last stretch is the border between the historical duchies of Normandy and Brittany .


During spring tides , a tidal bore - a wave caused by the incoming tide - can be seen working its way up the river .

During spring tides , a tidal bore - a wave caused by the tide rising - can be seen going up the river .


These modifications , and the causeway linking Mont Saint-Michel to the mainland , have caused the buildup of mudflats .

These changes , and the causeway linking Mont Saint-Michel to the mainland , have made mudflats .


Its historically irregular course , alternating between two beds on the north and south of the Mont Saint-Michel but eventually definitely settling to the south bed , inspired the saying `` The Couesnon 's madness placed Mont Saint-Michel in Normandy '' ( `` le couesnon en sa folie mit le Mont en Normandie '' ) , as the Mont is just to the Norman side of the river 's current mouth .

This created ( made ) the saying `` The Couesnon 's madness placed Mont Saint-Michel in Normandy '' ( in french , `` le couesnon en sa folie mit le Mont en Normandie '' ) , as the mount is just to the Norman side of the river 's mouth , now .


the pH has been measured at 8.26 ( Hogan , 2006 ) and summer water temperature as 19 degrees Celsius in the area of the mouth .

The pH has been measured at 8.26 ( Hogan , 2006 ) .


The Couesnon River ( French pronunciation : ( kwenɔ̃ ) ) is a river running from the département of Mayenne in north-western France , forming an estuary at Mont Saint-Michel .

The Couesnon River ( French pronunciation : ( kwenɔ̃ ) ) is a river .


Electrical conductivity at the mouth is high even at the verge of the tidal influence .

Electrical conductivity at the mouth is high .


On one side , the tide brings large quantities of sediment which cause large sandbars within the river .

This causes large sandbars within the river .


However , the administrative boundary separating the two regions does not depend on the course of the river , and is about six kilometers west of the Mont. .

However , the administrative boundary which separates the two regions does not depend on the course of the river .


In the 20th century , the Couesnon was turned into a canal , to reduce the erosion of its banks .

In the 20th century , the Couesnon was made into a canal .


Foxe died on 18 April 1587 and was buried at St. Giles 's , Cripplegate .

Foxe died on the 8th of April 1587 and was buried at St. Giles 's , Cripplegate .


In 1535 Foxe was admitted to Magdalen College School , where he may either have been improving his Latin or acting as a junior instructor .

In 1535 Foxe was admitted to Magdalen College School .


Back in England , he seems to have lived for ten years at Aldgate , London , in the house of his former pupil , Thomas Howard , now Fourth Duke of Norfolk .

He lived for some time at Aldgate , London , in the house of his former pupil , Thomas Howard .


Before leaving the Lucys , Foxe married Agnes Randall on 3 February 1547 .

Foxe married Agnes Randall on February 3 , 1547 .


Foxe was born in Boston , in Lincolnshire , England , of a middlingly prominent family and seems to have been an unusually studious and devout child .

Foxe was born at Boston , in Lincolnshire , England of a prominent family .