The last translation may lead to confusion , because the subdivision of `` oblast '' is called `` raion '' which is translated as `` region '' or `` district '' , depending on the context .

The last translation may lead to confusion , because the subdivision of `` oblast '' is called `` raion '' which can be translated as `` region '' or `` district '' as well .


An oblast is a type of administrative division in certain Slavic countries , including some countries of the former Soviet Union .

Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic countries and some countries of the former Soviet Union .


Official terms in successor states of the Soviet Union differ , but some still use a cognate of the Russian term , e.g. voblast ( voblasts , voblasts ' , ( ˈvobɫasʲtsʲ ) ) is used for provinces of Belarus , and oblys ( plural : oblystar ) for provinces of Kazakhstan .

Official terms in successor states of the Soviet Union differ , but some still use a cognate of the Russian term , e.g. voblast ( voblasts , voblasts ' , IPA : ( ˈvobɫasʲtsʲ ) ) is used for provinces of Belarus , and oblys ( plural : oblystar ) for provinces of Kazakhstan .


Before , the country was divided into just nine units , also called oblast .

Before , the country was divided into nine bigger units , also called oblast .


The word `` oblast '' is a loanword in English , but it is nevertheless often translated as `` area '' , `` zone '' , `` province '' , or `` region '' .

The word `` oblast '' is used in English as well , but it is often translated as `` area '' , `` zone '' , `` province '' , or `` region '' .


The majority of then-existing oblasts were located on the periphery of the country ( e.g. Kars Oblast or Transcaspian Oblast ) or covered the areas where Cossacks lived .

The majority of then-existing oblasts were on the periphery of the country or covered the areas where Cossacks lived .


The oblasts in other post-Soviet countries are officially called : Viloyat and welaýat are derived from the Arabic language term wilāya ( ولاية )

The oblasts in other post-Soviet countries are officially called : Viloyat and welayat come from the Arabic language term wilāya ( ولاية )


William Henry Seward ( May 16 , 1801 - October 10 , 1872 ) was an American politician from the state of New York .

William Henry Seward ( May 16 , 1801-October 10 , 1872 ) was an American politician .


When asked what he considered to be his greatest achievement as Secretary of State , Seward replied `` The purchase of Alaska-but it will take the people a generation to find it out '' .

When asked what he thought was the most important thing he did as Secretary of State , Seward said `` The purchase of Alaska-but it will take the people a generation to find it out '' .


He served as the 12th Governor of New York , United States Senator and the United States Secretary of State under Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson .

He was also the United States Secretary of State for two presidents , Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson .


All five men that were injured that night survived , although Secretary Seward would carry facial scars from the attack for the rest of his life .

For the rest of his life , Seward had scars on his face from the attack .


The fifth season of Bad Girls Club is titled Bad Girls Club : Miami and premiered on August 3 , 2010 , on Oxygen .

The Bad Girls Club ( season 5 ) ( or Bad Girls Club : Miami ) was the fifth season of The Bad Girls Club .


Defensive forces will use it as a political tactic as well .

Defensive forces may use it as a political tactic as well .


The attacking armies of the opposing military will then be expected not to bomb or otherwise attack the city , but simply to march in .

The attacking armies will be expected to not to bomb or attack the city .


In some cases , the declaration of a city to be `` open '' is made by a side which is on the verge of defeat and surrender ; in other cases , those making such a declaration are willing and able to fight on , but prefer that the specific city be spared .

In some cases , the declaration of a city to be `` open '' is made by a side which is close to defeat .


Attacking forces do not always respect the declaration of an `` open city . ''

Attacking forces do not always respect cities that call themselves an `` open city . ''


There were bomb blasts and shootings at churches in Madalla , Jos , Gadaka , and Damaturu .

There were bomb blasts and shootings at churches in Madalla ( near the capital , Abuja ) , Jos , Gadaka and Damaturu .


A series of bombings occurred on Christmas Day church services in northern Nigeria on 25 December 2011 .

On 25 December 2011 , there were a number of attacks on Christmas during church services in northern Nigeria .


Some orchids mainly or totally rely on self-pollination , especially in colder regions where pollinators are particularly rare .

Some orchids mainly or totally rely on self-pollination , especially in colder regions where pollinators are rare .


Catasetum , a genus discussed briefly by Darwin , actually launches its viscid pollinia with explosive force when an insect touches a seta , knocking the pollinator off the flower .

Catasetum , a genus discussed briefly by Darwin , actually launches its sticky pollinia with explosive force when an insect touches a seta ( hair ) , knocking the pollinator off the flower .


The main component for the sowing of orchids in artificial conditions is the agar agar .

The main component for the sowing of orchids in artificial conditions is agar .


Orchids have developed highly specialized pollination systems , thus the chances of being pollinated are often scarce , so orchid flowers usually remain receptive for very long periods , and most orchids deliver pollen in a single mass .

The chances of being pollinated are often scarce , so orchid flowers usually remain receptive for very long periods , and most orchids deliver pollen in a single mass .


The ovary typically develops into a capsule that is dehiscent by three or six longitudinal slits , while remaining closed at both ends .

The ovary typically develops into a capsule that splits along three or six longitudinal slits , while remaining closed at both ends .


Pollinators are often visually attracted by the shape and colors of the labellum .

Pollinators are often visually attracted by the shape and colors of the flower .


Horticultural techniques have been devised for germinating seeds on a nutrient-containing gel , eliminating the requirement of the fungus for germination , greatly aiding the propagation of ornamental orchids .

Horticultural techniques have been devised for germinating seeds on a nutrient-containing gel , so they do not need the fungus for germination .


In cultivation , germination typically takes weeks , while there is a report of one paphiopedilum that took fifteen years .

In cultivation , germination typically takes weeks .


The carbohydrate source can be combinations of discrete sugars or can be derived from other sources such as banana , pineapple , peach or even tomato puree or coconut water .

Such substance may be banana , pineapple , peach or even tomato puree or coconut milk .


The complex mechanisms which orchids have evolved to achieve cross-pollination were investigated by Charles Darwin and described in his 1862 book Fertilisation of Orchids .

The complex cross-pollination mechanisms were described by Charles Darwin in his 1862 book The Fertilisation of Orchids .


The family also encompasses about 6-11 % of all seed plants .

They make up between 6-11 % of all seed plants .


After the preparation of the agar agar medium , the mix is poured into test tubes or jars which are then autoclaved ( or cooked in a pressure cooker ) to sterilize the medium .

After the `` cooking '' of the agar agar ( it has to be cooked in sterile conditions ) , the mix is poured into test tubes or jars where the substance begins to gel .


The seeds are generally almost microscopic and very numerous , in some species over a million per capsule .

The seeds are extremely small and very numerous , in some species over a million per capsule .


Queen Silvia of Sweden ( née Silvia Renate Sommerlath ; born 23 December 1943 in Heidelberg ) is the spouse of King Carl XVI Gustaf and mother of the heir apparent to the throne , Crown Princess Victoria .

Queen Silvia of Sweden ( born Silvia Renate Sommerlath ) ( born 23 December 1943 in Munich , Germany ) and of half German , half Brazilian descent is the Queen consort of King Carl XVI Gustaf , Sweden 's monarch , and the mother of the heir apparent to the throne , Crown Princess Victoria .


Heading some 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) west up this valley one reached the Mintaka Pass , ( and 30 kilometres ( 20 mi ) further , the alternative Kilik Pass ) , which both led into upper Hunza from where one could travel over the infamous rafiqs or `` hanging passages '' to Gilgit and on , either to Kashmir , or to the Gandharan plains .

Heading some 80 km west up this valley one reached the Mintaka Pass , ( and 30 km farther , the alternative Kilik Pass ) , which both led into upper Hunza from where one could travel over the infamous rafiqs or `` hanging passages '' to Gilgit and on , either to Kashmir , or to the Gandharan plains .


This pass was the shortest and quickest way into northern India from the Tarim Basin , and one that was usually open all year , but was extremely dangerous and only suited for travellers on foot .

This was the shortest and quickest way into northern Kashmir from the Tarim Basin , and one that was usually open all year , but was extremely dangerous and only suited for travellers on foot .


From Tashkurgan one traveled just over 70 kilometres ( 40 mi ) south to the junction of the Minteke River .

From Tashkurgan one traveled just over 70 km south to the junction of the Minteke River .


It is the smallest planet in the Solar System , with an equatorial radius of 2,439.7 km .

It is the smallest planet in the Solar System , with a radius of 2,439.7 km .


Mercury is one of four terrestrial planets in the Solar System , and is a rocky body like Earth .

Mercury is one of four inner planets in the Solar System , and has a rocky body like the Earth .


Mercury consists of approximately 70 % metallic and 30 % silicate material .

Mercury is made of about 70 % metallic and 30 % silicate material .


Mercury is even smaller-albeit more massive-than the largest natural satellites in the Solar System , Ganymede and Titan .

Mercury is even smaller than some of the largest moons in the solar system , such as Ganymede and Titan .


Mercury 's density is the second highest in the Solar System at 5.427 g\/cm3 , only slightly less than Earth 's density of 5.515 g\/cm3 .

Mercury 's density is the second highest in the Solar System at 5.427 g\/cm ³ , only a little bit less than Earth 's .


Recently extinct species include the last examples of gomphotheres in Central and South America , the American mastodon of family Mammutidae in North America , numerous stegodonts once found in Asia , the last of the mammoths , and several island species of dwarf elephants .

During the period of the last ice age there were more , now extinct species , including a number of species of the elephant-like mammoths and mastodons .


In the middle of the building is a six-storey glass tower containing the King 's Library , with 65,000 printed volumes along with other pamphlets , manuscripts and maps collected by King George III between 1763 and 1820 .

In the middle of the building is a four-storey glass tower containing the '' King 's Library '' , with 65,000 printed volumes along with other pamphlets , manuscripts and maps collected by King George III between 1763 and 1820 .


The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom .

The British Library ( BL ) is the national library of the United Kingdom .


It is located on the north side of Euston Road in St Pancras , London ( between Euston railway station and St Pancras railway station ) and has a document storage center and reading room at Boston Spa , Wetherby in West Yorkshire .

It is on the north side of Euston Road in St Pancras , London , between Euston railway station and St Pancras railway station .


The British Library was created on 1 July 1973 as a result of the British Library Act 1972 .

The British Library was created in 1973 by the British Library Act 1972 .


The new facility , costing # 26 million , has a capacity for seven million items , stored in more than 140,000 bar-coded containers , which are retrieved by robots , from the 162.7 Miles of temperature and humidity-controlled storage space .

It cost # 26million and will house seven million items , stored in more than 140,000 bar-coded containers , which are retrieved by robots , from the 262 kilometres of temperature - and humidity-controlled storage space .


In December 2009 a new storage building at Boston Spa was opened by Rosie Winterton .

In December 2009 a new storage building at Boston Spa was opened .


These include the books and manuscripts of Sir Robert Cotton , Sir Hans Sloane , Robert Harley and the King 's Library of King George III , as well as the Old Royal Library donated by King George II .

The collectors were King George III , Sir Robert Cotton , Sir Hans Sloane , and Robert Harley .


As a legal deposit library , the British Library receives copies of all books produced in the United Kingdom and Ireland , including a significant proportion of overseas titles distributed in the UK .

The British Library , by the law of the United Kingdom , receives copies of every book that is published in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland , including all foreign books that are sold in the UK .


The two friends , who were both by now experienced amateur entomologists , met in London to prepare themselves .

The two friends , who were both by now experienced amateur entomologists , met in London to prepare themselves by viewing South American plants and animals in the main collections .


The main purpose was for the travellers to `` gather facts towards solving the problem of the origin of species '' , as Wallace put it in a letter to Bates .

Also , for the travellers to `` gather facts towards solving the problem of the origin of species '' , as Wallace put it in a letter to Bates .


When Bates arrived home in 1859 after a full eleven years , he had sent back over 14,712 species ( mostly of insects ) of which 8,000 were new to science .

When Bates arrived home in 1859 , he had sent back over 14,000 species ( mostly of insects ) of which 8,000 were new to science .


In 1847 Wallace and Bates discussed the idea of an expedition to the Amazon Rainforest , the plan being to cover expenses by sending specimens back to London .

In 1847 Wallace and Bates discussed the idea of an expedition to the Amazon .


His health eventually deteriorated and he returned to England , sending his collection by three different ships to avoid the same fate as Wallace .

Eventually , Bates ' health deteriorated and he returned to England , sending his collection by three different ships .


Born 8 February 1825 - London , 16 February 1892 ) was an English naturalist and explorer who gave the first scientific account of mimicry in animals .

This naturalist and explorer gave the first scientific account of mimicry in animals .


He was most famous for his expedition to the rainforests of the Amazon with Alfred Russel Wallace , starting in 1848 .

He was most famous for his expedition to the Amazon River basin with Alfred Russel Wallace in 1848 .


Bates wrote up his findings in his best-known work , The Naturalist on the River Amazons .

Bates wrote a famous book on his experiences : The naturalist on the river Amazons .


He died in Florence , and is buried in the church of St. Annunziata .

He died in Florence and is buried in the church of St. Annunziata .


In the 1560s , Francesco de ' Medici , Grand Duke of Florence , was so impressed with his talent that he took the young Caccini to Florence for further study .

In the 1560s , Francesco de ' Medici , Grand Duke of Florence , was impressed with his talent , so he took him to Florence to study .


In Rome he studied the lute , the viol and the harp , and began to acquire a reputation as a singer .

He learned to play the lute , the viol and the harp , and soon became known as a singer .


Giulio Romolo Caccini ( also Giulio Romano ) ( 8 October 1551 - buried 10 December 1618 ) , was an Italian composer , teacher , singer , instrumentalist and writer of the very late Renaissance and early Baroque eras .

Giulio Caccini ( born Rome , 8 October 1551 ; died Florence , 10 December 1618 ) , also known as Giulio Romano , was an Italian composer and singer .


He was also the father of the composer Francesca Caccini .

His son , Francesca Caccini , also became a composer .


Also during this time he took part in the movement of humanists , writers , musicians and scholars of the ancient world who formed the Florentine Camerata , the group which gathered at the home of Count Giovanni de ' Bardi , and which was dedicated to recovering the supposed lost glory of ancient Greek dramatic music .

He worked closely with the Florentine Camerata , a famous group of people who met at the home of Count Giovanni de ' Bardi , and tried to bring the tradition of Greek dramatic music back to life .


He was a tenor , and he was able to accompany himself on the viol or the archlute ; he sang at various entertainments , including weddings and affairs of state , and took part in the sumptuous intermedi of the time , the elaborate musical , dramatic , visual spectacles which were one of the precursors of opera .

He was a tenor , and he was able to accompany himself on the viol or the archlute ; he sang at weddings and other important occasions .


and each 11 July , bonfires are lit by many Protestant communities to celebrate the victory of Williamite forces at the Battle of the Boyne , which took place on 12 July 1690 .

This battle took place on 12 July 1690 .


Historically the area was called Higo Province ; and the province was renamed Kumamoto during the Meiji Restoration .

The area of Higo Province was renamed Kumamoto during the Meiji Restoration .


is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyushu .

is a prefecture in the Kyūshū region of Japan on the island of Kyushu .


A dedicated graphics card has its own random access memory ( RAM ) , its own cooling system , and dedicated power regulators , with all components designed specifically for processing video images .

Video cards also have their own memory , separate from the main computer memory .


She began performing on stage , and has since appeared in several film and television roles , including 30 Rock , Scream 3 , Match Point , Lars and the Real Girl , Hugo , Cars 2 , Shutter Island , Harry Brown , Our Idiot Brother , and The Newsroom .

She was in 30 Rock , Scream 3 , Match Point , Lars and the Real Girl , Hugo , Cars 2 , Shutter Island , Harry Brown , Cars 2 , The Pink Panther , The Pink Panther 2 , and The Newsroom .


Emily Kathleen A. Mortimer ( born 1 December 1971 ) is an English actress .

Emily Kathleen A. Mortimer ( born December 1 , 1971 ) is a British movie , stage , television , stage actress , and comedian .


After Otis interrupts a barnyard meeting with his wild antics , Ben has a talk with his son , in which he tells him that he 'll never be happy if he just goofs off , and that he should grow up .

After Otis interrupts a barnyard meeting with his wild antics , Ben has a talk with his son , in which he tells him that he will never be happy if he just goofs off , and that he should grow up .


That night , the animals throw a massive party in the barn ; all the animals are there except Ben , who watches over the fence , which marks their space .

That night the animals throw a massive party in the barn ; all the animals are there except Ben , who watches over the fence , which marks their space .


Otis is assigned his shift along with him , but he talks himself out of it , saying that he 's needed for a certain role in the party barn .

Otis is assigned his shift along with him , but he talks himself out of it , saying he is needed for a certain role in the party barn .


Ben opens his mouth as if to say something , but then dies .

Ben opens his mouth as if to say something , but dies .


Dag tries to attack Otis from behind , but Otis is alerted when Peck successfully manages to crow a warning .

Dag attempts to attack Otis from behind , but Otis is alerted when Peck successfully manages to crow a warning .


His father Ben ( Sam Elliott ) is the leader of the barnyard when the farmer is away , giving the animals the safest moment to spring up on two legs .

His father Ben is the leader of the barnyard when the farmer is away , giving the animals the safest moment to spring up on two legs .


Otis tries to attack Dag and his pack , but he 's outsmarted by them .

Otis attempts to attack Dag but is outsmarted .


Ben talks with Otis and says that the day he found him alone in the meadow , the stars danced .

Ben talks with Otis and says the day he found him alone in the meadow , the stars danced .


He threatens to punch Dag , but lets him go , scaring him and the coyotes off .

He threatens to punch Dag , but lets him go , scaring them off .


Ben manages to fight off the pack until he is bitten on the leg by Dag , making him fall .

Ben manages to fight off the pack until he is bitten in the leg , causing him to fall .


Dag is then swung out of the junkyard by Otis ' golf skills , and a golf club .

Dag is swung out of the junkyard by Otis 's golf skills .


That night , Otis and the gang make it back to the barnyard , finding that Daisy went into labor after Otis left to face the coyotes .

Otis and the rest make it back to the barnyard , finding that Daisy went into labor .


Since Otis is weaker , Dag orders a deal that he and his pack will take animals here and there , and if Otis tries to stand up for all of them , they 'll slaughter everyone .

Since Otis is weaker , Dag orders a deal that he and his pack will take animals here and there , and if he tries to stand up for all of them , they will kill everyone .


Duke ( Dom Irrera ) , the farmer 's sheepdog , asks Otis if he wants to stay and be their leader .

Duke , the farmer 's sheepdog , asks Otis if he wants to stay and be their leader .


Otis confronts the pack , but is easily defeated after Dag bites him in the leg ; however , Pip , Pig , Freddy , Peck , and Miles arrive to help Otis , along with the Jersey Cows and the gophers .

Otis confronts the pack but is easily defeated ; however Pip , Pig , Freddy , and Peck along with Miles the Mule arrive to help them , along with the gophers and Jersey Cows .


Later on , Ben has to take on a pack of coyotes led by Dag ( David Koechner ) , who is plundering the chicken coop .

Later on , Ben has to take on a pack of coyotes led by Dag , which is raiding the chicken coop .


Otis ( Kevin James ) is a carefree male dairy cow who prefers to goof off rather than accept responsibility .

Otis is a carefree Cow who prefers to goof off than to be responsible .


Later that night , when Otis is sitting with Daisy and holds Daisy 's hoof while looking up at the stars , he overhears that the coyotes chasing a rabbit and leaves Daisy and chases after the coyotes to avenge his father .

Later that night when Otis is sitting with Daisy , he overhears the coyotes chasing a hare .


Otis realizes that he has been backstabbed by Dag as he was n't expecting him and the coyotes until tonight , and sets off to rescue the poultry .

Otis figures that he has been backstabbed by Dag , as he was not expecting them until tonight , and sets off to rescue the poultry .


That same day , Otis meets a new yet pregnant cow named Daisy ( Courteney Cox ) , accompanied by another girl cow named Bessy ( Wanda Sykes ) .

That same day , Otis meets a new cow , Daisy ( Courteney Cox ) ( who is pregnant ) , accompanied by Bessy , another female cow .


The next morning , before leaving , Otis is informed that the coyotes took some hens and a chick named Maddy ( Madeline Lovejoy ) , who is one of Otis ' best friends .

The next morning , before leaving , Otis is informed that the coyotes took some hens and a chick .


He shirks his duties by leaving Freddy and Peck in charge of the coop , helping three trouble-making cows called the Jersey Cows Eddy ( S. Scott Bullock ) , Igg ( Maurice LaMarche ) , and Bud ( John DiMaggio ) in teaching a lesson to a chubby brat called Snotty Boy ( Steve Oedekerk ) , who enjoys cow tipping , and being chased by police and a helicopter on the television series COPS in the neighbor Mrs. Beady 's 1960 Chevrolet Impala .

He shirks his duties by leaving Freddy and Peck in charge of the coop , and helping three trouble-making cows in teaching a lesson to Snotty Boy who enjoys cow tipping .


A hen named Etta ( Andie MacDowell ) runs into the barn and tells Otis and he runs outside to his father .

Etta the hen runs into the barn and tells Otis , and the alerted son runs outside to his father .


The García Lorca family eventually dropped objections to the excavation of a potential gravesite near Alfacar .

The Garcia Lorca family eventually dropped objections to the excavation of a potential gravesite near Alfacar .


a ˈlorka ) ; 5 June 1898 - 19 August 1936 ) was a Spanish poet , dramatist and theater director .

Federico del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús García Lorca ; 5 June 1898 - 19 August 1936 ) was a Spanish poet , dramatist and theater director .


Knowles re-recorded the song at the SugarHill Studios in Houston , Texas in 2002 for her debut solo album , Dangerously in Love .

Knowles re-recorded the song for her debut solo album , Dangerously in Love ( 2003 ) , under the title `` Dangerously in Love 2 '' .


Knowles also famously performed the song at the 2004 Grammy Awards on February 8 , 2004 , where it won in the category of Best Female R&B Vocal Performance .

She performed `` Dangerously in Love 2 '' at the 2004 Grammy Awards , where it won in the category of `` Best Female R&B Vocal Performance '' .


Near the north pole , therefore , all H-field lines point away from the north pole ( whether inside the magnet or out ) while near the south pole ( whether inside the magnet or out ) all H-field lines point toward the south pole .

Near the north pole , all H-field lines point away from the north pole ( whether inside the magnet or out ) while near the south pole ( whether inside the magnet or out ) all H-field lines point toward the south pole .


The H-field , therefore , is analogous to the electric field E , which starts at a positive electric charge and ends at a negative electric charge .

So , the H-field is like the electric field E which starts at a positive electric charge and ends at a negative electric charge .


In the magnetic pole model , the elementary magnetic dipole m is formed by two opposite magnetic poles of pole strength qm separated by a very small distance vector d , such that m = qm d . Since it is based on the fictitious idea of a `` magnetic charge density '' , the Gilbert model has limitations .

In the magnetic pole model , the elementary magnetic dipole m is formed by two opposite magnetic poles of pole strength qm separated by a very small distance d , such that m = qm d. Unfortunately , magnetic poles can not exist apart from each other .


It is sometimes useful to model the force and torques between two magnets as due to magnetic poles repelling or attracting each other in the same manner as the Coulomb force between electric charges .

Physicists can say that the force and torques between two magnets are caused by magnetic poles repelling or attracting each other .


The magnetic pole model does not account for magnetism that is produced by electric currents , and only gives the correct magnetic field outside magnetic materials ; the magnetic field inside magnetic materials calculated from the model has the wrong direction .

Also , magnetic poles do not account for magnetism that is produced by electric currents nor the force that a magnetic field applies to moving electric charges .


There is also a corresponding differential form of this equation covered in Maxwell 's equations below .

For the differential equivalent of this equation see Maxwell 's equations .


These magnetic dipoles produce a magnetic B-field .

Magnetic fields are around electric currents , magnetic dipoles , and changing electric fields .


It can only do work indirectly , via the electric field generated by a changing magnetic field .

Moving electric charges can make magnetic fields .


The interaction of magnetic fields in electric devices such as transformers is studied in the discipline of magnetic circuits .

The magnetic field is the area around a magnet in which there is magnetic force .


On the other hand , a magnetic field combined with an electric field can distinguish between these , see Hall effect below .

For magnetic fields made by changing electric fields , see electromagnetism .


See orders of magnitude ( magnetic field ) .

Magnetic fields also have their own energy and momentum , with an energy density proportional to the square of the field intensity .


Rotating magnetic fields are used in both electric motors and generators .

The electric field and the magnetic field are components of the electromagnetic field .


A current-carrying wire feels a force in the presence of a magnetic field .

Magnetic fields can usually be seen by magnetic flux lines .


The direction of such a magnetic field can be determined by using the `` right hand grip rule '' ( see figure at right ) .

At all times the direction of the magnetic field is shown by the direction of the magnetic flux lines .


All moving charged particles produce magnetic fields .

Magnetic fields give power to other particles that are touching the magnetic field .


The true frogs vary greatly in size , ranging from small-such as the wood frog ( Rana sylvatica ) - to the largest frog in the world , the goliath frog ( Conraua goliath ) .

The largest is the Goliath frog ( Conraua goliath ) .


Typically , true frogs are smooth and moist-skinned , with large , powerful legs and extensively webbed feet .

Usually , true frogs are smooth , moist-skinned frogs , with large , powerful legs and have webbed feet .


The GIA is considered a terrorist organization by the governments of Algeria and France .

The GIA is considered a terrorist organization by the governments of Algeria , France and the United States .


The GIA adopted violent tactics in 1992 after the military government voided the victory of the Islamic Salvation Front , the largest Islamic opposition party , in the first round of legislative elections held in December 1991 .

The GIA adopted violent tactics in 1992 after the military government did not recognize the victory of the Islamic Salvation Front in the first round of elections held in December 1991 .


The group uses assassinations and bombings , including car bombs , and it is known to favor kidnapping victims .

The group uses assassinations and bombings , including car bombs .


Between 1992 and 1998 , the GIA conducted a violent campaign of civilian massacres , sometimes wiping out entire villages in its area of operation ( see List of Algerian massacres of the 1990s ; notably the Bentalha massacre and Rais massacre , among others . )

Sometimes they wiped out entire villages in its area of operation ( see List of Algerian massacres of the 1990s ; notably the Bentalha massacre and Rais massacre , among others ) .


The Armed Islamic Group ( GIA , al-Jama ` ah al-Islamiyah al-Musallaha , from French Groupe Islamique Armé ; Arabic الجماعة الإسلامية المسلّحة ) is an Islamist organization that wants to overthrow the Algerian government and replace it with an Islamic state .

It wants to overthrow the Algerian government and replace it with an Islamic state .


Timothy Alan Dick ( born June 13 , 1953 ) known professionally as Tim Allen , is an American comedian , actor , voice-over artist and entertainer , known for his role in the sitcom Home Improvement .

Tim Allen ( born Timothy Allen Dick on June 13 , 1953 ) is an American actor .


He is known for his starring roles in several popular films , including the Toy Story film series ( as the voice of Buzz Lightyear ) , The Santa Clause film series , and Galaxy Quest .

He also had a role in The Santa Clause , Toy Story , and Galaxy Quest .


He composed art songs , solo piano music , chamber music , oratorios , choral music , operas , ballet music , and orchestral music .

He composed music in many different forms : song , chamber music , oratorio , opera , ballet music and orchestral music .


His mother , an amateur pianist , gave him his first lessons on the instrument .

His mother , an amateur pianist , taught him to play the piano .


Between 1921 and 1925 , Poulenc received his first formal training in composition when he studied with Charles Koechlin ( 1921-25 ) .

Poulenc felt that he needed more lessons and he studied with Charles Koechlin .


Hong established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom with its capital at Nanjing .

Hong established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom ( 太平天囯 ) .


The Taiping Rebellion was a massive civil war in southern China from 1850 to 1864 , against the ruling Manchu-led Qing Dynasty .

The Taiping Rebellion was a civil war in China from 1850 to 1864 .


It was a millenarian movement led by Hong Xiuquan , who announced that he had received visions in which he learned that he was the younger brother of Jesus .


Hong 's associate Yang Xiuqing was a former firewood merchant from Guangxi , who claimed to be able to act as a voice of God , in order to direct the people and gain political power .

Yang claimed to be able to act as a voice of God , to direct the people and gain political power .


Although a short wedge with a wide angle may do a job faster , it requires more force than a long wedge with a narrow angle .

Where a short wedge with a wide angle does the job faster , it requires more force than a long wedge with a smaller angle .


In ancient Egyptian quarries , bronze wedges were used to break away blocks of stone used in construction .

Circa 3000 BC , in Ancient Egypt quarrys , bronze wedges were used to break away blocks of rock used for construction .


Wooden wedges that swelled after being saturated with water , were also used .

Wood wedges , that swelled after being wet , were also used .


The mechanical advantage of a wedge is given by the ratio of the length of its slope to its width .

The mechanical advantage of a wedge depends on the ratio of its length to its thickness .


Wedges are used to lift heavy objects , separating them from the surface upon which they rest .

Wedges can also be used to lift heavy objects , or finely adjust the height of objects , essentially separating them from the surface they rest on .


It can be used to separate two objects or portions of an object , lift up an object , or hold an object in place .

A wedge is a movable inclined plane , used either to separate two objects , or portions of objects , lift an object , or hold an object in place , by the application of force to the wide end , which the wedge converts to force at a right angle to to the inclined surfaces .


This is the mechanical advantage of the wedge .

The mechanical advantage of a wedge is the length of the sloping side of the wedge and divide it by the length of the thick end of the wedge .


A wedge-type door stop ( door wedge ) functions largely because of the friction generated between the bottom of the door and the wedge , and the wedge and the floor ( or other surface ) .

A door stop ( door wedge ) is a wedge , and its main function is to generate friction between the bottom of the door and the ground .


Some indigenous peoples of the Americas used antler wedges for splitting and working wood to make canoes , dwellings and other objects .

Some Native American tribes used antler wedges as a means of splitting and working wood to make canoes , houses , and other wood objects .


This is why the head of a splitting maul has a much wider angle than that of an axe .

This is why splitting mauls have a much larger angle than an axe .


The origin of the wedge is unknown , because it has been in use as early as the Stone Age .


However , in an elastic material such as wood , friction may bind a narrow wedge more easily than a wide one .

Despite this , one reason that many splitting wedges have a wide angle is that an elastic material , such as wood , will bind a narrow wedge more readily than a wide wedge .


Splitting mauls and splitting wedges are used to split wood along the grain .

Examples include axes , splitting mauls , and splitting wedges .


The mechanical advantage of a wedge can be calculated by dividing the length of the slope by the wedge 's width : The more acute , or narrow , the angle of a wedge , the greater the ratio of the length of its slope to its width , and thus the more mechanical advantage it will yield .

Therefore the formula for a wedge is : The more acute the angle of the wedge , the more mechanical advantage it will have .


A province is the second largest administrative division in Chile with 54 in total .

A province is the second largest administrative division in Chile , after a region .


It is bordered on the north and east by New York State , on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean , on the west by Pennsylvania , and on the southwest by Delaware .

It is a small state , shaped like a letter ( S ) , and bordered on the west by Pennsylvania and Delaware across the Delaware River , on the north by New York , on the northeast by the Hudson River and New York City , on the east and southeast by the Atlantic Ocean , and on the southwest by Delaware Bay .


New Jersey was the site of several decisive battles during the American Revolutionary War .

New Jersey took part in the American Revolutionary War , and was a scene of battles .


New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state , but the 11th-most populous and the most densely populated of the 50 United States .

New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state , but has the eleventh-highest number of people .


The area was named the Province of New Jersey .

New Jersey is one of the 50 states of the United States of America .


Álvaro Parente was also signed as a test driver , but left the team prior to the launch of the VR-01 .

Álvaro Parente also signed as a test driver , but left the team prior to the launch of the VR-01 .


The team also had plans to create a driver academy , a series of racing teams starting in the new GP3 Series and advancing all the way up to Formula One .

The Virgin Racing also have plans to create a `` Driver Academy '' , a series of racing teams starting in the new GP3 Series and advancing all the way up to Formula One .


The team was formed as Manor Grand Prix as a tie-up between Manor Motorsport and Wirth Research .

The team was first formed as Manor Grand Prix as a partership between Manor Motorsport and Wirth Research .


Virgin 's car for 2010 , the VR-01 , was the first F1 car designed entirely using CFD computer simulation technology .

See also : 2010 Formula One season Virgin 's car for 2010 , the VR-01 , is the first F1 car designed entirely using Computational fluid dynamics ( CFD ) computer simulation technology .


On 17 November 2009 it was announced by the team that former Toyota driver Timo Glock would be the team 's lead driver for the 2010 season .

On 17 November 2009 Virgin announced that former Toyota driver Timo Glock would be the team 's lead driver for the 2010 season .


Long-time Brazilian GP2 regular Lucas di Grassi joined him , while fellow former GP2 driver Luiz Razia fulfilled testing and reserve duties .

Long-time Brazilian GP2 regular Lucas di Grassi will join him .


The team used engines supplied by Cosworth .

Less than one month after the Virgin partnership was officially launched , Tai left his position and John Booth took over as team principal The team will use engines supplied by Cosworth .


It was later discovered that the Virgin VR-01 's fuel tank was too small , resulting in the team not being able to finish any races unless the cars are driven at a reduced pace to conserve fuel .

The Virgin cars would not be able to finish any races unless the drivers ran at a reduced speed to conserve fuel .


The 2010 car was officially launched on their website on 3 February 2010 , before running the car at a private event at Silverstone the following two days .

The 2010 car was officially launched on the team 's website on 3 February 2010 .


Manor Motorsport , best known as a Formula Three team and for launching the careers of World Champions Kimi Räikkönen and Lewis Hamilton , were running only one car in the British Formula Three Championship , in co-operation with CF Racing .

Manor Motorsport are best known as a Formula Three team .


Initially , Virgin 's Alex Tai was the Team Principal , while Graeme Lowdon was the team 's Director of Racing .

Initially , Virgin 's Alex Tai was the Team Principal ( person in charge ) .


Car preparation and racing operations were run from its headquarters in Dinnington , South Yorkshire , while Wirth Research designed , developed and built the VR-01 from its base in Bicester , before announcing a relocation to new , larger premises in Banbury , Oxfordshire in July 2010 .

Wirth Research will design , develop and build the cars from its base in Bicester .


The team was given the opportunity to redesign the chassis .

The team has been allowed to redesign the chassis to increase the fuel tank size .


The official FIA entry list for 2010 announced on 30 November 2009 showed that Manor GP had been entered as Virgin Racing .

On 30 November , the FIA released a revised entry list that stated the team 's name as Virgin Racing .


Colorado Rapids is an American professional soccer club based in the Denver suburb of Commerce City , Colorado , which competes in Major League Soccer ( MLS ) as one of its ten charter clubs .

The Colorado Rapids are an American soccer team that plays in Major League Soccer .


Aum Shinrikyo has been formally designated a terrorist organization by several entities , including Canada , Kazakhstan and the United States .

Aum Shinrikyo has been formally designated a terrorist organization by several entities , including Canada , and the United States .


However the group continues to operate under the constitutional guarantee of freedom of religion , funded by a successful computer business and donations , and under strict surveillance .

It is funded by a successful computer business and donations , and is kept under strict surveillance .


Australia 's landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) is on the Indo-Australian Plate .

Australia 's landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometers is on the Indo-Australian plate .


Nationally , other popular sports include Australian rules football , horse racing , squash , surfing , soccer , and motor racing .

Local popular sports include Australian Rules Football , horse racing , soccer and motor racing .


Other major international events held in Australia include the Australian Open tennis grand slam tournament , international cricket matches , and the Australian Formula One Grand Prix .

Other major international events held regularly in Australia include the Australian Open , one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments , annual international cricket matches and the Formula One Australian Grand Prix .


Australia has also hosted the 1938 , 1962 , 1982 , 2006 Commonwealth Games and will host the 2018 Commonwealth Games .

Australia has also hosted the 1938 , 1962 , 1982 and 2006 Commonwealth Games .


It is the world 's sixth-largest country by total area .

Australia is the sixth biggest country in the world by landmass .


Among well-known Australian animals are the monotremes ( the platypus and echidna ) ; a host of marsupials , including the kangaroo , koala , and wombat , and birds such as the emu and the kookaburra .

These include animals like the kangaroo , the koala , the emu , the kookaburra , and the platypus .


The federal government is separated into three branches : In the Senate ( the upper house ) , there are 76 senators : twelve each from the states and two each from the mainland territories ( the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory ) .

The two major mainland territories are the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ) .


Australia has participated in every summer Olympics of the modern era , and every Commonwealth Games .

Australia has participated in every summer Olympic Games since 1896 , and every Commonwealth Games .


Australians took part in many of the major battles fought on the Western Front .


Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament-unicameral in the Northern Territory , the ACT and Queensland-and bicameral in the other states .

See also : List of Cities in Australia Australia has six states , two major mainland territories , and other minor territories .


Australia has six states-New South Wales ( NSW ) , Queensland ( QLD ) , South Australia ( SA ) , Tasmania ( TAS ) , Victoria ( VIC ) and Western Australia ( WA ) - and two major mainland territories-the Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ) and the Northern Territory ( NT ) .

The states are New South Wales , Queensland , South Australia , Tasmania , Victoria , and Western Australia .


Australia hosted the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne and the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , and ranked among the top six medal-takers for the games of 2000 , 2004 and 2008 .

Australia has hosted the 1956 and 2000 Summer Olympics , and has ranked in the top five medal-winners since 2000 .


Australia has strong international teams in cricket , field hockey , netball , rugby league , and rugby union , having been Olympic or world champions at least twice in each sport in the last 25 years for both men and women where applicable .

In international sports , Australia has very strong teams in cricket , hockey , netball , rugby league and rugby union , and performs well in cycling , rowing and swimming .


Self-organization is a process where some form of global order or coordination arises out of the local interactions between the components of an initially disordered system .

Self-organization is a process where some form of order arises out of a random system .


The film 's executive producer was George Lucas .

George Lucas was the executive producer .


Captain EO is regarded as one of the first `` 4D '' films ( 4D being the name given to a 3D film that incorporates in-theater effects , such as lasers , smoke , etc. , synchronized to the film narrative ) .

Captain EO is one of the first 4D films .


Captain EO is a 1986 American 3D science fiction film starring Michael Jackson and directed by Francis Ford Coppola ( who came up with the name `` Captain EO '' from the Greek , cf. `` Eos '' , the Greek goddess of dawn ) that was shown at Disney theme parks from 1986 through the 1990s .

Captain EO is a 3D science fiction film .


The voyage went to Brazil , where Banks made the first scientific description of a now common garden plant , bougainvillea ( named after Cook 's French counterpart , Louis Antoine de Bougainville ) , and to other parts of South America .

This voyage went first to Brazil , where Banks made the first scientific description of a now common garden plant , Bougainvillea ( named after Cook 's French counterpart , Louis Antoine de Bougainville ) , and to other parts of South America .


Banks was appointed to a joint Royal Navy\/Royal Society scientific expedition to the south Pacific Ocean on HMS Bark Endeavour , 1768-1771 .

Banks was promptly appointed to a joint Royal Navy\/Royal Society scientific expedition to the south Pacific Ocean on HMS Endeavour , 1768-1771 .


The voyage then progressed to Tahiti ( where the transit of Venus was observed , the overt purpose of the mission ) , to New Zealand and to the east coast of Australia , where Cook mapped the coastline and made landfall at Botany Bay and at Endeavour River ( near modern Cooktown ) in Queensland , where they spent almost seven weeks ashore while the ship was repaired after becoming holed on the Great Barrier Reef .

The voyage then went to Tahiti ( where the transit of Venus was observed , the purpose of the mission ) , to New Zealand and to the east coast of Australia , where Cook mapped the coastline and made landfall at Botany Bay and at Endeavour River ( near modern Cooktown ) in Queensland , where they spent seven weeks ashore while the ship was repaired after damage on the Great Barrier Reef .


He took part in Captain James Cook 's first great voyage ( 1768-1771 ) .

Banks took part in Captain James Cook 's first great voyage from 1768 to 1771 .


Sir Joseph Banks , 1st Baronet , GCB , PRS ( 24 February ( O.S. 13 February ) 1743 - 19 June 1820 ) was an English naturalist , botanist and patron of the natural sciences .

Sir Joseph Banks , 1st Baronet GCB PRS ( 13 February 1743 - 19 June 1820 ) was an English naturalist , botanist and patron of the natural sciences .


In 1766 Banks was elected to the Royal Society , and in the same year , at 23 , he went with Phipps aboard the frigate HMS Niger to Newfoundland and Labrador with a view of studying their natural history .

In 1766 Banks was elected to the Royal Society , and in the same year he accompanied Phipps to Newfoundland and Labrador to study their natural history .


Approximately 80 species of plants bear Banks 's name .

About 80 species of plants are named after Banks .


While they were in Australia Banks , the Swedish botanist Daniel Solander and the Finnish botanist Dr. Herman Spöring Jr. made the first major collection of Australian flora , describing many species new to science .

While they were in Australia Banks , Solander and Spöring made the first collection of Australian plants , describing many that were new to science .


During her film career , she won two Academy Awards for Best Actress : for Women in Love ( 1970 ) and A Touch of Class ( 1973 ) .

For this part , she won the Academy Award for best actress .


Glenda May Jackson , CBE ( born 9 May 1936 ) is a British Labor Party politician and former actress .

Glenda May Jackson , CBE ( born on May 9 , 1936 , in Birkenhead , England ) is an English actress turned politician .


In order to play Queen Elizabeth I in the BBC 's serial , Elizabeth R ( 1971 ) , Jackson had her head shaved .

She is best known for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth I in the BBC series Elizabeth R in 1971 .


The formal discipline of Earth sciences may include the study of the atmosphere , hydrosphere , oceans and biosphere , as well as the solid earth .

The Earth sciences include the study of the atmosphere , oceans and biosphere , as well as the solid earth .


Typically , Earth scientists will use tools from physics , chemistry , biology , chronology , and mathematics to build a quantitative understanding of how the Earth system works , and how it evolved to its current state .

Typically Earth scientists will use tools from physics , chemistry , biology , chronology and mathematics to understand the Earth , and how it evolved to its current state .


In his analysis , German critic Paul Bekker states that `` The opening sonata-allegro movement gave the work a definite character from the beginning ... which succeeding movements could supplement but not change .

In his analysis , German critic Paul Bekker says that `` The opening sonata-allegro movement gave the work a definite character from the beginning ... which succeeding movements could supplement but not change .


27 works as Sonata quasi una fantasia , it may be significant that the layout of the present work does not follow the traditional movement arrangement in the Classical period of fast-slow - ( fast ) - fast .

27 works as Sonata quasi una fantasia , it may be important that the layout of the present work does not follow the traditional movement arrangement in the Classical period of fast-slow - ( fast ) - fast .


Completed in 1801 and dedicated in 1802 to his pupil , Countess Giulietta Guicciardi , it is one of Beethoven 's most popular compositions for the piano .

Completed in 1801 and dedicated in 1802 to his student , Countess Giulietta Guicciardi , it is one of Beethoven 's most popular musical compositions for the piano .


Gramophone founder Compton Mackenzie found the title `` harmless '' , remarking that `` it is silly for austere critics to work themselves up into a state of almost hysterical rage with poor Rellstab '' , and adding , `` what these austere critics fail to grasp is that unless the general public had responded to the suggestion of moonlight in this music Rellstab 's remark would long ago have been forgotten . ''

Gramophone founder Compton Mackenzie found the title `` harmless '' , saying that `` it is silly for austure critics to work themselves up into a state of almost hysterical rage with poor Rellstab '' , and adding , `` what these austere critics fail to grasp is that unless the general public had responded to the suggestion of moonlight in this music Rellstab 's remark would long ago have been forgotten . ''


The first edition of the score is headed Sonata quasi una fantasia , a title this work shares with its companion piece , Op .

The first edition of the score has Sonata quasi una fantasia written as the heading , a title this work shares with its companion piece , Op .


Many critics have objected to the subjective , Romantic nature of the title `` Moonlight '' , which has at times been called `` a misleading approach to a movement with almost the character of a funeral march '' and `` absurd '' .

Many critics have disagreed to the subjective , Romantic nature of the title `` Moonlight '' , which has often been called `` a misleading approach to a movement with almost the character of a funeral march '' and `` absurd '' .


Later in the nineteenth century , the sonata was universally known by that name .

Later in the 19th century , it could be said that the sonata was `` universally known '' by that name .


Within ten years , the name `` Moonlight Sonata '' ( `` Mondscheinsonate '' in German ) was being used in German and English publications .

Many agreed to this idea , and within ten years , the name `` Moonlight Sonata '' ( `` Mondscheinsonate '' in German ) was being used in German and English publications .


The name `` Moonlight Sonata '' has its origins in remarks by the German music critic and poet Ludwig Rellstab .

The name `` Moonlight Sonata '' started to become in use after the comments made by German music critic and poet Ludwig Rellstab about what the music reminded him of .


Although no direct testimony exists as to the specific reasons why Beethoven decided to title both the Op .

Although there is no direct reason as to why Beethoven decided to title both the Op .


The sonata consists of three movements : The first movement , in C ♯ minor , is written in an approximate truncated sonata form .


Instead , the sonata possesses an end-weighted trajectory , with the rapid music held off until the third movement .

Instead , the sonata has an end-weighted path , with the faster more technically complex music saved until the third movement .


In 1832 , five years after Beethoven 's death , Rellstab likened the effect of the first movement to that of moonlight shining upon Lake Lucerne .

In 1832 , five years after Beethoven 's death , Rellstab imagined the effect of the first movement like a moonlight shining above Lake Lucerne .


Finally , the beans are trodden and shuffled about ( often using bare human feet ) and sometimes , during this process , red clay mixed with water is sprinkled over the beans to obtain a finer color , polish , and protection against molds during shipment to factories in the United States , the Netherlands , United Kingdom , and other countries .

Finally , the beans are trodden and shuffled about ( often using bare human feet ) and sometimes , during this process red clay mixed with water is sprinkled over the beans to obtain a finer color , polish , and protection against molds during shipment to factories in the United States , the Netherlands , United Kingdom , and other countries .


Cocoa was an important commodity in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica .

Cocoa was an important product in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica .


A Spanish soldier who was part of the conquest of Mexico by Hernán Cortés tells that when Moctezuma II , emperor of the Aztecs , dined , he took no other beverage than chocolate , served in a golden goblet .

People who told the story of the conquest of Mexico by Hernán Cortés said that when Moctezuma II , emperor of the Aztecs , ate dinner he took no other drink than chocolate , served in a golden goblet and eaten with a golden spoon .


Flavored with vanilla or other spices , his chocolate was whipped into a froth that dissolved in the mouth .

Flavored with vanilla and spices , his chocolate was whipped into a froth that dissolved in the mouth .


They also introduced the cacao tree into the West Indies and the Philippines .

They also brought the cacao tree to the West Indies and the Philippines .


Sweating is important for the quality of the beans , which originally have a strong bitter taste .

The quality of the beans , which originally have a strong bitter taste , depends upon this sweating .


A cocoa pod ( fruit ) has a rough and leathery rind about 3 cm ( 1.2 in ) thick ( this varies with the origin and variety of pod ) .

A pod has a rough leathery rind about 3 cm ( 1 1\/4 inch ) thick .


In large plantations , this is done on huge trays under the sun or by using artificial heat .

On large plantations this is done on huge trays , either outdoors by sunshine or in sheds by artificial heat .


Small plantations may dry their harvest on little trays or on cowhides .

However , thousands of tons from smaller producers are dried on small trays or on cowhides .


The fermented beans are dried by spreading them out over a large surface and constantly raking them .

Then the beans are spread out , constantly raked over , and dried .


Cocoa can often also refer to the drink commonly known as hot chocolate ; to cocoa powder , the dry powder made by grinding cocoa seeds and removing the cocoa butter from the dark , bitter cocoa solids ; or to a mixture of cocoa powder and cocoa butter .

Cocoa butter is then used to produce chocolate .


If sweating is interrupted , the resulting cocoa may be ruined ; if underdone , the cocoa seed maintains a flavor similar to raw potatoes and becomes susceptible to mildew .

If it is overdone they may be ruined ; if underdone they have a flavor like raw potatoes and are susceptible to mildew .


The position was consolidated in the Taihō Code of 702 .

The position was established in the Taihō Code of 702 .


The country is divided into 19 regions and 81 departments .

The regions are further divided into 81 departments .


There were also a `` Grain Coast '' , a `` Gold Coast '' , and a `` Slave Coast '' , and , like those three , the name `` Ivory Coast '' reflected the major trade that occurred on that particular stretch of the coast : the export of ivory .

The country used to be called the Ivory Coast .


He was awarded the Victoria Cross medal for actions on 2 January 1858 at Khudaganj .

Roberts was awarded the Victoria Cross for actions on 2 January 1858 at Khudaganj .


Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts , 1st Earl Roberts VC KG KP GCB OM GCSI GCIE KStJ VD PC ( 30 September 1832 - 14 November 1914 ) was a British soldier who was one of the most successful commanders of the 19th century .

Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts , 1st Earl Roberts , Bt , VC , Knight of the KG , Knight of the KP , GCB , OM , GCSI , GCIE , KStJ , PC ( 30 September 1832 - 14 November 1914 ) was one of the most distinguished commanders of the British Empire .


He met Fats Waller , who was playing organ at the Lincoln Theater accompanying silent movies , and Waller taught him how to play that instrument .

He met Fats Waller , who was playing organ at the Lincoln Theater , accompanying silent movies , and Waller taught him how to play the organ .


William James `` Count '' Basie ( August 21 , 1904 - April 26 , 1984 ) was an American jazz pianist , organist , bandleader , and composer .

William `` Count '' Basie ( August 21 , 1904 - April 26 , 1984 ) was an American jazz pianist , organist , bandleader , and composer .


His touring took him to Kansas City , St. Louis , New Orleans , and Chicago .

He went to Kansas City , St. Louis , New Orleans , and Chicago .


He got some jobs in Asbury Park at the Jersey Shore , and played at the Hong Kong Inn until a better player took his place .

He got some jobs in Asbury Park , playing at the Hong Kong Inn , until a better player took his place .


In 1928 Basie was in Tulsa and heard Walter Page and his Famous Blue Devils , one of the first big bands , which featured Jimmy Rushing on vocals .

In 1928 Basie was in Tulsa and heard Walter Page and his Famous Blue Devils , one of the first big bands , which had Jimmy Rushing singing .


By then , Basie was playing with pick-up groups for dances , resorts , and amateur shows , including Harry Richardson 's `` Kings of Syncopation '' .

Basie played with different groups for dances , resorts , and amateur shows , like Harry Richardson 's `` Kings of Syncopation '' .


His father worked as a coachman and caretaker for a wealthy judge .

His father worked as a coachman and caretaker for a rich judge .


Many notable musicians came to prominence under his direction , including the tenor saxophonists Lester Young and Herschel Evans , the guitarist Freddie Green , trumpeters Buck Clayton and Harry `` Sweets '' Edison and singers Jimmy Rushing and Joe Williams .

Many important musicians came to became popular and successful with his help , like tenor saxophonists Lester Young and Herschel Evans , trumpeters Buck Clayton and Harry `` Sweets '' Edison and singers Jimmy Rushing and Joe Williams .


He occasionally played four-hand piano and dual pianos with Moten , who also conducted .

He sometimes played four-hand piano and dual pianos with Moten .


During a stay in Chicago , Basie recorded with the band .

When they were staying in Chicago , Basie recorded with the band .


Back in Harlem in 1925 , Basie got his first steady job at Leroy 's , a place known for its piano players and its `` cutting contests . ''

Back in Harlem in 1925 , Basie got his first regular job at Leroy 's , a place known for its piano players , where lots of celebrities went .


Soon , Basie met many of the Harlem musicians who were `` making the scene , '' including Willie `` the Lion '' Smith and James P. Johnson .

Soon , Basie met many Harlem musicians , like Willie `` the Lion '' Smith and James P. Johnson .


It was at this time that he began to be known as `` Count '' Basie ( see Jazz royalty ) .

He began to be known as `` Count '' Basie .


They played at the Reno Club and sometimes were broadcast on local radio .

They played at the Reno Club and sometimes on local radio .


A few months later , he was invited to join the band , which played mostly in Texas and Oklahoma .

A few months later , Basie was asked to join the band , which played mostly in Texas and Oklahoma .


As he did with Duke Ellington , Willie `` the Lion '' Smith helped Basie out during the lean times by arranging gigs at `` house-rent parties , '' introducing him to other top musicians , and teaching him some piano technique .

Willie `` the Lion '' Smith helped Basie out when there was not much work , arranging gigs at house-rent parties , where he met other important musicians .


When Moten died in 1935 after a surgical procedure , the band unsuccessfully tried to stay together but could n't make a go of it .

Moten died in 1935 and the band did not stay together .


Basie 's theme songs were `` One O'Clock Jump , '' developed in 1935 in the early days of his band , and `` April In Paris '' .

Basie 's famous songs were `` One O'Clock Jump '' and `` April In Paris '' .


Late one night with time to fill , the band started improvising .

One night the band started improvising a piece which Basie called `` One O'Clock Jump '' .


His father played the mellophone , and his mother played the piano ; in fact , she gave Basie his first piano lessons .

His mother was a piano player and she gave Basie his first piano lessons .


Early after his arrival , he bumped into Sonny Greer , who was by then the drummer for the Washingtonians , Duke Ellington 's early band .

Soon after he went to Harlem , he met Sonny Greer again , who was now the drummer for the Washingtonians , Duke Ellington 's early band .


Throughout his tours , Basie met many great jazz musicians , including Louis Armstrong .

He met many great jazz musicians , like Louis Armstrong .


He quickly learned to improvise music appropriate to the acts and the silent movies .

He soon learned to improvise music for silent movies .


Basie toured in several acts between 1925 and 1927 , including Katie Krippen and Her Kiddies as part of the Hippity Hop show ; on the Keith , the Columbia Burlesque , and the Theater Owners Bookers Association ( T.O.B.A. ) vaudeville circuits ; and as a soloist and accompanist to blues singers Katie Krippen and Gonzelle White .

Basie toured in some acts between 1925 and 1927 , as a soloist and accompanist to blues singers Katie Krippen and Gonzelle White .


After automobiles replaced horses , his father became a groundskeeper and handyman for several wealthy families in the area .

After automobiles ( cars ) became more popular than using horses to get around , his father became a groundskeeper and handyman for some families in the area .


She took in laundry and baked cakes for sale for a living .

To earn money , she took in laundry to wash and baked cakes for sale .


The following year , in 1929 Basie became the pianist with the Bennie Moten band based in Kansas City , inspired by Moten 's ambition to raise his band to the level of Duke Ellington 's or Fletcher Henderson 's .

In 1929 , Basie started playing with the Bennie Moten band , Kansas City .


When not playing a gig , he hung out at the local pool hall with other musicians , where he picked up on upcoming play dates and gossip .

When he was not playing a gig , he spent time at the local pool hall with other musicians .


Where the Blue Devils were `` snappier '' and more `` bluesy , '' the Moten band was classier and more respected , and played in the `` Kansas City stomp '' style .

The Moten band was classier and more respected than the Blue Devils .


When the band voted Moten out , Basie took over for several months , calling the group `` Count Basie and his Cherry Blossoms . ''

The band voted Moten out and Basie became the leader .


In addition to playing piano , Basie was co-arranger with Eddie Durham , who notated the music .

As well as playing piano , Basie also arranged music with Eddie Durham .


William Basie was born to Harvey Lee and Lillian Basie in Red Bank , New Jersey .

William James Basie was born in 1904 in New Jersey .


Not much of a student in school , Basie dreamed of a traveling life , inspired by touring carnivals which came to town .

He dreamed of a traveling , inspired by the carnivals which came to town .


As governor of South Carolina from January 20 , 1959 , to January 15 , 1963 , Hollings worked to improve the state 's educational system , helping to bring more industry and employment opportunities to the state .

As governor of South Carolina from January 20 , 1959 to January 15 , 1963 , Hollings worked to improve the state 's educational system , helping to bring more industry and employment opportunities to the state .


He sought the Democratic nomination for a seat in the U.S. Senate in 1962 but lost to incumbent Olin D. Johnston .

He tried to win the Democratic nomination for a seat in the U.S. Senate in 1962 but lost to incumbent Olin D. Johnston .


Ernest Frederick `` Fritz '' Hollings ( born January 1 , 1922 ) served as a Democratic United States Senator from South Carolina from 1966 to 2005 , as well as the 106th Governor of South Carolina ( 1959-1963 ) and the 77th Lieutenant Governor ( 1955-1959 ) .

Hollings served as a Democratic United States Senator from South Carolina from 1966 to 2005 , as well as the 106th Governor of South Carolina ( 1959-1963 ) and the 77th Lieutenant Governor ( 1955-1959 ) .


At the 1961 Governor 's Conference on Business , Industry , Education and Agriculture in Columbia , S.C. , he declared , `` Today , in our complex society , education is the cornerstone upon which economic development must be built-and prosperity assured '' .

At the 1961 Governor 's Conference on Business , Industry , Education and Agriculture in Columbia , S.C. , he declared , `` Today , in our complex society , education is the cornerstone upon which economic development must be built -- and prosperity assured . ''


Hollings unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in the presidential election of 1984 .

Hollings tried to seek the Democratic lead running mate during the 1984 Presidential race .


After Forever was a Dutch symphonic metal band with strong progressive metal influences .

After Forever was a Dutch symphonic metal band .


The album was released on April 23 , 2007 .

The band 's last album After Forever was released on September 28 , 2007 .


With the rise of federally mandated E\/I programming guidelines , some of the network 's affiliate groups , primarily Hearst Television and Allbritton Communications , refused to carry any show that did not fulfill E\/I requirements ( such as Kim Possible or the Power Rangers series during their time on ABC Kids ) in order to instead free up time to air locally produced programming .

With the rise of federally-mandated E\/I programming guidelines , some of the network 's affiliate groups , primarily Hearst Television and Allbritton Communications , refused to carry any show that did not fulfill E\/I requirements ( such as Kim Possible or the Power Rangers series during their time on ABC Kids ) in order to instead free up time to air locally produced programming .


During its time on both Fox Kids and ABC Kids , the entire Wild Force season also reran later on ABC Family ( in part both prior to the introduction of and during the ABC Family Action Block ) .

During its time on both Fox Kids and ABC Kids the entire Wild Force season also reran later on ABC Family ( in part both prior to the introduction of and during the ABC Family Action Block ) .


Power Rangers ended its run on ABC Kids on August 28 , 2010 , nationwide due to Haim Saban having bought back the intellectual rights to the franchise from Disney and giving the television rights to Nickelodeon in May 2010 .

Power Rangers ended its run on ABC Kids on August 28 , 2010 , nationwide due to Haim Saban having bought back the intellectual rights to the franchise from Disney and giving airing rights to Nickelodeon in May 2010 .


Airings ended shortly before on August 14 , 2010 , on West Coast affiliates due to a two-week preemption caused by the 2010 Little League World Series and the E\/I recovery that resulted from it .

Airings ended slightly earlier on August 14 , 2010 , on West coast affiliates due to a two-week preemption caused by the 2010 Little League World Series and the E\/I recovery that resulted from it .


ABC Kids aired for the final time on August 27 , 2011 .

ABC Kids was aired for the final time on August 27 , 2011 .


However , some stations time shifted these shows either to very early in the morning on Saturdays or to Sundays , often before local news , Good Morning America and\/or that week 's `` live '' portion of the ABC Kids block began .

However , some stations time shifted these shows either to very early in the morning Saturday or to Sunday , often before local news , Good Morning America and\/or that week 's `` live '' portion of the ABC Kids block began .


On May 24 , 2011 , ABC 's affiliate board announced that it had reached a deal with broadcast syndication production company Litton Entertainment to produce original content for the Saturday morning block .

On May 24 , 2011 , ABC announced that it had reached a deal with broadcast syndication production company Litton Entertainment to produce original content for the Saturday morning block .


After that , ABC discontinued airing animated programming , making it the first network not to air animated programs since September 1992 , when NBC stopped airing animated programs to make room for TNBC .

After that , ABC discontinued airing animated programming , making it the first not to air animated programs since September 1992 , when NBC stopped airing animated programs to make room for TNBC .


Power Rangers was previously aired on Fox Kids until halfway through the Wild Force season , when the franchise moved to ABC Kids for the 2002-2003 season due to Disney 's purchase of Fox Family Channel\/Saban Entertainment in 2001 .

Power Rangers was previously aired on Fox Kids until halfway through the Wild Force season , when Power Rangers moved to ABC Kids for the 2002 Fall season due to the Fox Family Channel\/Saban Entertainment purchase by Disney in 2001 .


On September 13 , 1997 , Disney 's One Saturday Morning premiered as a two-hour block on the ABC Saturday Morning lineup .

On September 13 , 1997 , Disney 's One Saturday Morning started out as a two hour block on the ABC Saturday Morning lineup , and aired some of the shows that aired on it .


On September 6 , 1999 , a spin-off , Disney 's One Too , debuted on UPN and in syndication , airing every weekday morning or afternoon and Sunday morning , replacing The Disney Afternoon .

On September 6 , 1999 , a spin-off , Disney 's One Too , aired on UPN and in syndication every weekday in the morning or afternoon and Sunday morning .


After its completion on ABC Kids , all new seasons of Power Rangers ( starting with the Samurai season ) began to premiere on the main Nickelodeon channel on February 7 , 2011 .

All new seasons ( starting with the Samurai season ) began to premiere on the main Nickelodeon channel on February 7 , 2011 .


Repeats of new seasons and all previous seasons also began airing on that network a day later .

Repeats of new seasons and all previous seasons began airing on Nicktoons on February 11 , 2011 .


The rechristened block originally contained new programs , but by the end of its run , all of ABC Kids programs became repeats of Disney Channel series .

The block originally contained new programs , but by the end , all of ABC Kids programs became repeats of Disney Channel originals .


The block concluded on August 27 , 2011 , and was replaced one week later on September 3 by Litton 's Weekend Adventure , a block of family-oriented E\/I shows programmed by Litton Entertainment that is formatted as a syndication package exclusive to ABC stations .

On September 3 , 2011 the block was replaced with Litton 's Weekend Adventure .


ABC Kids ( also known as Disney 's ABC Kids ) was an American children 's programming block that aired on ABC from September 13 , 1997 ( under its original brand as `` Disney 's One Saturday Morning '' ) until August 27 , 2011 ; it also aired in Canada under the `` One Saturday Morning '' brand on BBS\/CTV until 2002 .

ABC Kids used to be called Disney 's One Saturday Morning .


It was the southern of the two kingdoms of Deira and Bernicia which later merged to form the kingdom of Northumbria .

King Athelfrith of Bernicia united the kingdoms of Deira and Bernicia into Northumbria .


Notice of his award was published in the London Gazette on 13 April 1954 .

Notice of his award was published in the London Gazette on 9 April 1954 .


Fusilier Derek Godfrey Kinne GC ( born 11 January 1930 in Nottingham , England ) was awarded the George Cross for the valor he showed in withstanding torture at the hands of the Chinese Communist forces during the Korean War .

Derek Godfrey Kinne GC ( born 11 January 1930 ) is a British soldier .


He was eventually released , in a prisoner exchange , on 10 August 1953 .

He was not released until 10 August 1953 .


Ryan M. Johnson ( born June 14 , 1976 ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey center .

Ryan M. Johnson ( born June 14 , 1976 ) is a Canadian professional ice hockey center who is currently a free agent in the National Hockey League .


A natural number greater than 1 that is not a prime number is called a composite number .

All natural numbers that are not prime are called composite numbers .


In all other rows ( a = 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 7 , and 8 ) there are infinitely many prime numbers .

There is no biggest prime number , as there are infinitely many prime numbers .


2 is a prime number , since the only natural numbers dividing it are 1 and 2 .

1 is not a prime number , since there is only one number that divides it with no leftover .


For example , to run Lucas ' primality test requires the knowledge of the prime factors of n − 1 , while the Lucas-Lehmer primality test needs the prime factors of n + 1 as input .

But it is less complicated than methods used for very large primes , like Fermat 's primality test ( a primality test is to test whether a number is prime or not ) or the Miller-Rabin primality test .


Timothy Walter `` Tim '' Burton ( born August 25 , 1958 ) is an American film director , producer , artist , writer , poet and stop motion artist .

Tim Burton ( born August 25 , 1958 ) is an American movie director producer screenwriter and artist .


Caesium or cesium is a chemical element with symbol Cs and atomic number 55 .

Caesium ( or cesium ) is the chemical element with the atomic number 55 on the periodic table .


Caesium is an alkali metal and has physical and chemical properties similar to those of rubidium and potassium .


More so than the other alkali metals , caesium forms numerous binary compounds with oxygen .

Caesium forms compounds with many other chemical elements .


Caesium is the most electropositive stable chemical element .


Mercury is the only elemental metal with a known melting point lower than caesium .


It is stored and shipped in dry saturated hydrocarbons , such as mineral oil .

Because of this , caesium is stored in mineral oil .


He studied at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music under Alan Mann , one of Australia 's most influential brass players .

He studied at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music under Alan Mann , one of Australia 's best known brass players .


Barry Tuckwell was born on 5 March 1931 in Melbourne , son of Charles Tuckwell and his wife , Elizabeth .

Barry Tuckwell was born on 5 March 1931 in Melbourne .


A year later , he joined the Sydney Symphony Orchestra under Eugene Goossens , where he remained for three and a half years before leaving for England .

A year later , he joined the Sydney Symphony Orchestra which was conducted by Eugene Goossens , where he remained for three and a half years before leaving for England .


After two years , he went to the Scottish National Orchestra under Karl Rankl and a year later to the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra under Charles Groves .

After two years , he went to the Scottish National Orchestra conducted by Karl Rankl and a year later to the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra conducted by Charles Groves .


His first appointment in 1951 was with the Hallé Orchestra under Sir John Barbirolli .

His first appointment in 1951 was with the Hallé Orchestra , conducted by Sir John Barbirolli .


He has received three Grammy Award nominations .

He became very famous , making over 50 recordings and receiving three Grammy Award nominations .


Barry Emmanuel Tuckwell AC , OBE ( born 5 March 1931 ) , is an Australian horn player who has spent most of his professional life in the United Kingdom and the United States .

Barry Tuckwell ( born 5 March 1931 ) , is an Australian horn player who has spent most of his professional life in the United Kingdom and the United States .


She married the photographer Athol Shmith and later George Lascelles , 7th Earl of Harewood , a cousin of Queen Elizabeth II .

She married a photographer and later George Lascelles , 7th Earl of Harewood , a cousin of Queen Elizabeth II .


During his 13 years with the LSO , which is a co-operative orchestra run entirely by the players , he was elected to the Board of Directors and was Chairman of the Board for six years .

He was elected to the Board of Directors and was Chairman of the Board for six years .


He has an older sister , Patricia , a violinist and fashion model widely known as Bambi .

His younger sister Patricia is a violinist and fashion model widely known as Bambi .


At 15 , he was appointed by Joseph Post as third horn with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra .

At 15 , he was given the job of third horn with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra .


After studying the piano , organ , and violin as a chorister at St Andrew 's Cathedral , Sydney , Barry Tuckwell was introduced to the horn at age 13 and was playing professionally within six months .

Tuckwell became a chorister at St Andrew 's Cathedral , Sydney where he studied the piano , organ , and violin .


Aashiqui is a 1990 Bollywood romantic musical drama film .

Aashiqui is a 1990 Bollywood romance movie .


Spurred on by a series of seminars in Poland in 1926 by Łukasiewicz that advocated a more natural treatment of logic , Jaśkowski made the earliest attempts at defining a more natural deduction , first in 1929 using a diagrammatic notation , and later updating his proposal in a sequence of papers in 1934 and 1935 .

Spurred on by a series of seminars in Poland in 1926 by Łukasiewicz that advocated a more natural treatment of logic , Jaśkowski made the earliest attempts at defining a more natural deduction .


In logic and proof theory , natural deduction is a kind of proof calculus in which logical reasoning is expressed by inference rules closely related to the `` natural '' way of reasoning .

It is meant to express inference rules closely related to the `` natural '' way of reasoning .


The International Skating Union ( ISU ) regulates international figure skating judging and competitions .

The International Skating Union ( ISU ) make the rules .


Non-Olympic disciplines include synchronized skating and four skating .

Another kind of figure skating is synchronized skating done in groups .


Figure skating is a sport and activity in which individuals , duos , or groups perform on figure skates on ice .

Figure skating is both an art and a sport , in which people skate around on ice , doing jumps and spins .


The four Olympic disciplines are men 's singles , ladies ' singles , pair skating , and ice dancing .

Couples dancing includes pairs and ice dancing .


The Austrian Football Association ( ÖFB ) ( German : Österreichischer Fußball-Bund ) is the governing body of football in Austria .

The Austrian Football Association ( ÖFB ) ( German : Österreichischer Fußball-Bund ) is the highest body of football in Austria .


It organises the football league , Austrian Bundesliga , the Austrian Cup and the Austrian national team , as well as its female equivalent .

It organizes the football league Austrian Bundesliga , the Austrian Cup and the Austrian national team , and the same items in women 's football .


Twenty years after being in 4th place in the FIFA World Cup 1934 held in Italy , Austria returned to the circle of the best teams again .

In 1934 they reached fourth place in the FIFA World Cup .


The javelin throw is a track and field event where the javelin , a spear about 2.5 m ( 8 ft 2 in ) in length , is thrown .

The javelin throw is a sport event , a part of the track and field .


It is the official language of Georgia , a country in the Caucasus .

Georgian ( ქართული ენა , kartuli ena ) is the official language of Georgia , a country in the Caucasus .


Alcock was born at Beverley in Yorkshire , son of Sir William Alcock , Burgess of Kingston upon Hull and educated at Cambridge .

He was born at Beverley in Yorkshire , son of Sir William Alcock , Burgess of Kingston upon Hull and educated at Cambridge .


Alcock was one of the leading pre-Reformation divines ; he was a man of deep learning and also of great proficiency as an architect .

Alcock was one of the leading pre-Reformation churchmen ; he was a man of deep learning and also a great architect .


In the following year he was made Master of the Rolls , and in 1470 was sent as ambassador to the court of Castile .

In 1461 he was made Master of the Rolls , and in 1470 was sent as ambassador to the court of Castile .


He twice held the office of Lord Chancellor , once from June 1475 to September 1475 and then again from October 1485 to March 1487 .

He was Lord Chancellor , once from June 1475 to September 1475 and then again from October 1485 to March 1487 .


In 1461 he was made dean of St Stephen 's Chapel , Westminster , and his subsequent promotion was rapid in both church and state .

In 1461 he was made dean of Westminster , and his subsequent promotion was rapid in both church and state .


Besides founding a charity at Beverley and a grammar school at Kingston upon Hull , he restored many churches and colleges ; but his greatest achievement was the building of Jesus College , Cambridge , which he established on the site of the former Convent of St Radegund .

He restored many churches and colleges , but his greatest achievement was the building of Jesus College , Cambridge .


He was nominated to the see of Rochester on 8 January 1472 and consecrated Bishop of Rochester on 15 March and was successively translated to the see of Worcester on 15 July 1476 and the see of Ely on 6 October 1486 .

He became Bishop of Rochester on 15 March , Bishop of Worcester on 15 July 1476 and of Ely on 6 October 1486 .


The only deadly eruption was in 1847 when earthquakes killed several people .

The only deadly eruption was in 1847 when earthquakes produced in all the island claimed several lives .


Pico do Fogo pronounced : ( ˈpiku du ˈfoɡu ) is the highest peak of Cape Verde , rising to 2,829 metres ( 9,281 ft ) above sea level .

Pico do Fogo ( `` Fire peak '' ) is the highest peak of Cape Verde , rising to 2,829 m ( 9,281 ft ) above sea level .


Euronext merged with NYSE Group , Inc. on April 4 , 2007 to form NYSE Euronext ( Euronext : NYX ) , the `` first global stock exchange '' .

In April 2007 , it merged with New York Stock Exchange to form NYSE Euronext ( Euronext : NYX ) .


Euronext is a pan-European exchange based in Amsterdam , Brussels , London , Lisbon and Paris .

Euronext is a stock exchange in Europe .


In Leonese , any of five vowel phonemes , \ / a , e , i , o , u \ / , may occur in stressed position , and the two archiphonemes \ / I \ / , \ / U \ / and the phoneme \ / a \ / may occur in nonstressed position , spelled with e , u , a at the end of word .

The language has a system with five vowels in a stressed position , represented by a , e , i , o , and u and three ( two archiphonemes \ / I \ / , \ / U \ / and one phoneme \ / a \ / ) in non-stressed position , represented by e , u , and a at the end of word .


The denomination 1 for this year has been used since the early medieval period , when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years .

The denomination 1 for this year has been used since the early medieval period , when the Anno Domini calendar era became the main method in Europe for naming years .


The preceding year is 1 BC in the widely used Julian calendar , which does not have a `` year zero '' .

The year before this is 1 BC in the widely used Julian calendar .


Year 1 ( I ) was a common year starting on Saturday or Sunday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Julian calendar ( the sources differ , see leap year error for further information ) and a common year starting on Saturday of the Proleptic Julian calendar .

The year 1 ( I ) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar .


At the time , it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caesar and Paullus ( or , less frequently , year 754 Ab urbe condita ) .

At the time , it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caesar and Paullus .


The first day of the month is known as New Year 's Day .

The first day of January is called New Year 's Day .


January ( i \ / ˈdʒænjuːˌɛəri \ / JAN-ew-AIR-ee ) is the first month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and one of seven months with the length of 31 days .

January is the first month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars .


After some time gloves replaced bare hands .


Even when paddle-like bats , and finally racquets , became standard equipment for the game by the late 1600s , the name did not change .

But even when bats , and finally racquets , became standard equipment for the game , the name did not change .


It became known as `` tennis '' in English ( see History of tennis ) , and later `` real tennis '' after the derived game of lawn tennis became the more widely known sport .

It became known as `` tennis '' in English ( see History of tennis ) , and later `` real tennis '' after lawn tennis became more popular than the parent game .


Jeu de paume ( English : `` palm game '' ) is a ball-and-court game that originated in France .

Jeu de paume literally means : game of palm ( of the hand ) .


Written and directed by Kevin Munroe , the film features the voice talents of Nolan North , James Arnold Taylor , Mikey Kelley , Mitchell Whitfield , Chris Evans , Sarah Michelle Gellar , Kevin Smith , Patrick Stewart , Zhang Ziyi and Laurence Fishburne ( who provides narration ) .

It features the voices of Nolan North , James Arnold Taylor , Mikey Kelley , Mitchell Whitfield , Chris Evans , Sarah Michelle Gellar , Kevin Smith , Patrick Stewart , Zhang Ziyi and Laurence Fishburne ( who is the narrator ) .


The film sees the four Turtles ( Raphael , Leonardo , Donatello , and Michelangelo ) grow apart after their final defeat of the Shredder , when strange things are happening in New York City as ancient creatures threaten the world and the Turtles must reunite to save it .

The story begins with the four Turtles ( Raphael , Leonardo , Donatello , and Michelangelo ) having grown apart after their final defeat of the Shredder .


TMNT is a 2007 American computer-animated fantasy action film and a part of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles ( TMNT ) franchise .

It is part of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles ( TMNT ) series .


TMNT was the first Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles film made with computer-generated imagery ( CGI ) , created by Imagi Animation Studios , as well as the first feature film in the franchise in 14 years .

It was the first Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles movie made with computer-generated imagery ( CGI ) .


The film is the fourth installment in the original TMNT film series .

The movie is the fourth in the original TMNT movie series .


TMNT premiered theatrically on March 23 , 2007 .

TMNT premiered in cinemas on March 23 , 2007 .


It was the last film that Mako Iwamatsu made before his death and was co-produced by the franchise 's co-creator Peter Laird for Warner Bros. .

It was the last movie that producer Mako Iwamatsu made before his death .


Several tie-in products were released in 2007 .

It was made in the United States and released in 2007 .


Softwood is wood from gymnosperm trees such as conifers .

Softwood is wood that comes from gymnosperm trees .


Softwoods are not necessarily softer than hardwoods .

Softwoods are not always softer than hardwoods .


The term is opposed to hardwood , which is the wood from angiosperm trees .

The opposite of softwood is hardwood , which is wood that comes from angiosperm trees .


Softwood is the source of about 80 % of the world 's production of timber , with traditional centres of production being the Baltic region ( including Scandinavia and Russia ) , North America and China .

Softwood makes up about 80 % of the world 's production of lumber .


The Bangsamoro Republik , officially the United Federated States of Bangsamoro Republik ( UFSBR ) was a short-lived unrecognized breakaway state in the Philippines .

The Bangsamoro Republik , officially the United Federated States of Bangsamoro Republik ( UFSBR ) was a former unrecognized breakaway territory in the Philippines .


According to Misuari , the republic 's territory encompasses the islands of Basilan , Mindanao , Palawan , Sulu and Tawi-Tawi where the Bangsamoro traditionally lived .

According to Misuari , the republic 's territory covers the islands of Basilan , Mindanao , Palawan , Sulu and Tawi-Tawi .


Nur Misuari , chairman of the Moro National Liberation Front issued the Proclamation of Bangsamoro Independence on 27 July 2013 in Talipao , Sulu and declared the capital of Bangsamoro to be Davao City .

Nur Misuari , the chaiman of the Moro National Liberation Front declared the independence of the Bangsamoro Republik in Talipao , Sulu .


Some fish had developed primitive lungs to help them breathe air when the stagnant pools of the Devonian swamps were low in oxygen .

Some had developed primitive lungs to help them breathe air when the stagnant pools of the Devonian swamps were low in oxygen .


They could also use their strong fins to hoist themselves out of the water and onto dry land if circumstances so required .

They could also use their strong fins to hoist themselves out of the water and onto dry land if necessary .


The three modern orders of amphibians are Anura ( the frogs and toads ) , Caudata\/Urodela ( the salamanders ) , and Gymnophiona\/Apoda ( the caecilians ) .

These include the Anura ( frogs and toads ) , Caudata ( salamanders and newts ) and Gymnophiona ( caecilians ) .


They allow color vision and depth of focus .

Amphibians have color vision and depth of focus for clear sight .


The smallest amphibian ( and vertebrate ) in the world is a microhylid frog from New Guinea ( Paedophryne amauensis ) first discovered in 2012 .

The smallest frog and vertebrate in the world is the New Guinea frog ( Paedophryne amauensis ) .


Adult frogs do not have tails and caecilians have only very short ones .

The living ones are frogs ( including toads ) , salamanders ( including newts ) and caecilians .


Some species are carnivorous at the tadpole stage , eating insects , smaller tadpoles and fish .

Caecilians eat earthworms , termites and beetle larvae , and also small lizards .


The first major groups of amphibians developed in the Devonian period , around 370 million years ago , from lobe-finned fish similar to the modern coelacanth and lungfish , which had evolved multi-jointed leg-like fins with digits that enabled them to crawl along the sea bottom .

The earliest amphibians evolved in the Devonian from lobe-finned fish which had jointed leg-like fins with digits .


A number of fossil cryptobranchids have been found , but there are only three living species , the Chinese giant salamander ( Andrias davidianus ) , the Japanese giant salamander ( Andrias japonicus ) and the hellbender ( Cryptobranchus alleganiensis ) from North America .

The biggest amphibian is the Chinese Giant Salamander ( Andrias davidianus ) .


She had three sisters : Elaheh , Ghazale and Sheida .

She had three sisters : Elaheh ( 21-year old ) , Ghazale ( 19 ) and Sheida ( 8 ) .


Amnesty International has made several public statements about Darabi .

Amnesty International has also made many public statements and a letter campaign about Darabi .


Delara Darabi ( Persian : دلارا دارابى ) ( S29 September 1986 - 1 May 2009 ) was an Iranian Gilaki woman who was sentenced to death after having been convicted of murdering her father 's female cousin in 2003 .

Delara Darabi ( Persian : دلارا دارابى ; September 29 , 1986 - May 1 , 2009 ) was a Iranian girl , who was sentenced to death at age of 17 .


Darabi was born in the northern city of Rasht , in the province of Gilan .

She was born in city of Rasht ( Province of Gilan ) , where she was a high-school student before her arrest .


The sentence was upheld by the Supreme Court .

Her case has raised controversy for number a reasons : Delara 's sentence was upheld by Iran 's Supreme Court .


The Concentric zone model also known as the Burgess model or the CCD model is one of the earliest theoretical models to explain urban social structures .

The Concentric zone model , or Burgess model is a model to explain how a settlement , such as a city , will grow .


Weelkes wrote more Anglican services than any other major composer of the time , mostly for evensong .

Weelkes wrote more Anglican services than any other important composer of the time , mostly for evensong .


Many of his anthems are verse anthems , which would have suited the small forces he was writing for at Chichester Cathedral .

Many of his anthems are verse anthems , which would have suited the small choir he was writing for at Chichester Cathedral .


Weelkes was baptised in the little village church of Elsted in Sussex on 25 October 1576 .

Thomas Weelkes was baptised in the little village church of Elsted in Sussex on 25 October , 1576 .


Weelkes ' fourth and final volume of madrigals , published in 1608 , carries a title page where he refers to himself as a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal ; however , records at the Chapel Royal itself do not mention him , so at most he could only have been a Gentleman Extraordinary - one of those who were asked to stand in until a permanent replacement was found .

Weelkes ' fourth and final volume of madrigals , published in 1608 , has a title page where he says that he was a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal .


The following year he married Elizabeth Sandham , from a wealthy local family .

The next year he married Elizabeth Sandham , who came from a rich family .


Thomas Weelkes ( baptised 25 October 1576 - 30 November 1623 ) was an English composer and organist .

Thomas Weelkes ( baptised in Elsted , Sussex , 25 October 1576 ; died London , buried 1 December 1623 ) was an English composer and organist .


Weelkes was friends with the madrigalist Thomas Morley who died in 1602 , when Weelkes was in his mid-twenties ( Weelkes commemorated his death in a madrigal-form anthem titled A Remembrance of my Friend Thomas Morley , also known as `` Death hath Deprived Me '' ) .

Weelkes was friends with the madrigalist Thomas Morley .


Weelkes has a memorial stone in Chichester Cathedral .

In Chichester Cathedral there is a memorial stone to him .


Weelkes was later to find himself in trouble with the Chichester Cathedral authorities for his heavy drinking and immoderate behavior .

In later years Weelkes got into trouble with the Chichester Cathedral authorities because of his heavy drinking and bad behavior .