A succession of hits followed quickly , including `` Hey Little Girl '' , `` Um , Um , Um , Um , Um , Um '' ( his biggest hit , reaching # 5 in the US pop chart and # 40 in the UK , where it was his only chart success ) , `` The Matador '' ( the only one not written by Mayfield ) , `` Rhythm '' , `` Sometimes I Wonder '' , `` Come See '' , and `` Ai n't It A Shame '' .

His hits quickly became more successful , including `` Hey Little Girl '' , `` Um , Um , Um , Um , Um , Um '' ( his biggest hit , reaching # 5 in the US pop chart and # 40 in the UK , where it was his only chart success .


During the 1960s , Lance toured the UK , where he was supported by Bluesology , a band including pianist Reggie Dwight , later known as Elton John .

This is where he was supported by Bluesology , a band including pianist Reggie Dwight ( Reggie was later known as Elton John . )


But he later found that his recordings had become popular on the beach music circuit in the Carolinas , where he continued to undertake live performances .

But later found that his recordings had become popular on the beach music circuit in the Carolinas , where he continued to perform at live performances .


He left Curtom in 1971 , and recorded briefly for the Volt and Columbia labels .

He left Curtom in 1971 , and recorded Volt and Columbia Records labels for a short amount of time .


There has been some dispute over Major Lance 's birth year ; some sources say he was born 1941 or 1942 ( as Lance claimed ) .

There has been something confusing over Lance 's birth year ; some sources say he was born 1941 or 1942 ( as Lance claimed ) , while his gravestone states he was born in 1939 .


He set up a new label , Osiris , with former Booker T and the MG 's drummer Al Jackson , but again with little success , and his career hit a downward spiral .

He set up a new label , Osiris , with Al Jackson , a former drummer for Booker T and the MG , but again with little success , and his songs became less popular .


Lance and Davis continued to work together , and `` Too Hot To Hold '' was a minor hit , but they had diminishing success before Davis in turn left the company .

`` Too Hot To Hold '' was a minor hit , but they had poor success before Davis left the company in turn .


Lance , who was one of 12 children , moved with his family on the northwest side of Chicago in the Cabrini-Green projects , a high-crime area , as a child where he developed a boyhood friendship with Otis Leavill , both attending Wells High School .

Lance moved with his family on the northwest side of Chicago in the Cabrini-Green projects , where there was a lot of crime in the area , as a child .


` Major ' was his given forename , not a nickname or stage name .

` Major ' was his given name ; it was not a nickname or stage name .


After a number of US hits in the 1960s , including `` The Monkey Time '' and `` Um , Um , Um , Um , Um , Um '' , he became an iconic figure in Britain in the 1970s among followers of Northern soul .

Although he was arrested a couple of times in his life and his earliest records were not successful , Lance was most known for his music hits in the United States called `` Monkey Time '' and `` Um , Um , Um , Um , Um , Um '' .


In 1962 he signed with Okeh Records on Mayfield 's recommendation .

Lance signed with OKeh Records in 1962 as Curtis Mayfield recommended .


He also served as Chairman of Singapore 's National Research Foundation , and Deputy Chairman of the Research , Innovation and Enterprise Council .

He previously was Chairman of Singapore 's National Research Foundation and Deputy Chairman of the Research , Innovation and Enterprise Council .


After stepping down as a Member of Parliament in 2006 , Tan was appointed Executive Director and Deputy Chairman of the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation ( GIC ) and Chairman of Singapore Press Holdings Limited ( SPH ) .

Until 1 July 2011 , he was Executive Director and Deputy Chairman of the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation ( GIC ) and Chairman of Singapore Press Holdings Limited ( SPH ) .


Tony Tan Keng Yam ( simplified Chinese : 陈庆炎 ; traditional Chinese : 陳慶炎 ; pinyin : Chén Qìngyán ; Pe̍h - ōe-jī : Tân Khèng-iām ; born 7 February 1940 ) is the seventh President of Singapore , in office since 2011 .

Tony Tan Keng Yam ( simplified Chinese : 陈庆炎 ; traditional Chinese : 陳慶炎 ; pinyin : Chén Qìngyán ; Pe̍h - ōe-jī : Tân Khèng-iām , born 7 February 1940 , in Singapore ) is the seventh and current President of Singapore .


In the late 1980s , Lee Kuan Yew mentioned Tan as his first choice to succeed himself as Prime Minister of Singapore , but he declined .

In the late 1980s , he was Lee Kuan Yew 's first choice to succeed him as Prime Minister of Singapore , but he declined .


There are four basic types of bridge\/tailpiece systems on electric guitars .

The Electric guitar is a type of musical instrument .


An electric guitar is a guitar that uses a pickup to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical impulses .

It uses things called `` electric pickups '' which are wire-wound magnets that change the vibration of the strings into electric current .


The civil flag and ensign lacks the coat of arms .

The civil flag and the ensign ( the one used by commercial ships ) do not have a coat of arms .


The Monk Parakeet , also known as the Quaker Parrot , ( Myiopsitta monachus ) is a species of parrot and , in most treatments , the only member of the genus Myiopsitta .

The Monk Parakeet , also known as the Quaker Parrot , ( Myiopsitta monachus ) is a kind of parrot .


The call is a loud and throaty chape ( - yee ) or quak quaki quak-wi quarr , and screeches skveet .

The bill is orange , and when it calls , it makes a loud and throaty chape ( - yee ) or quak quaki quak-wi quarr .


They are able to learn scores of words and phrases .

They are also able to learn many words and phrases .


The forehead and breast are pale gray with darker scalloping and the rest of the underparts are very-light green to yellow .


Monk Parakeets are highly intelligent , social birds .

Monk Parakeets are very intelligent and social birds .


The nominate subspecies of this parakeet is 29 cm or 9 to 11 in long on average , with a 48 cm wingspan , and weighs 100 g. Females tend to be 10-20 % smaller but can only be reliably sexed by DNA blood or feather testing .

The parakeet is on average 29 cm long , with a 48 cm wingspan , and weighs 100 g. Females tend to be 10-20 % smaller , but it is hard to tell the sexes apart , unless they test the feather or blood DNA .


Vibraphone mallets usually consist of a rubber ball core wrapped in yarn or cord and attached to a narrow dowel , most commonly made of rattan or birch and sometimes of fiberglass or nylon .

They usually consist of a rubber ball core wrapped in yarn or cord and attached to a narrow dowel , most commonly made of rattan or birch ( other materials , such as nylon , are sometimes used ) .


The vibraphone ( also known as the vibraharp or simply the vibes ) is a musical instrument in the struck idiophone subfamily of the percussion family .

The vibraphone is an percussion instrument .


One mallet is held between the thumb and index finger and the other is held between the index and middle fingers .

A common way is to hold them between the thumb and index finger , using the other fingers to help control the sticks .


However , this instrument differed in significant details from the instrument now called the vibraphone .

Sometimes people call a vibraphone vibes .


Usually the dampening mallet and the striking mallet are held in different hands , but advanced players can , in some circumstances , use two mallets from the same hand .

The player uses mallets ( beaters ) , either one or two in each hand .


The biblical languages have several words for alcoholic beverages , and though prohibitionists and some abstentionists dissent , there is a broad consensus that the words did ordinarily refer to intoxicating drinks .

The languages in the Bible have several words for alcoholic drinks .


Negatively , wine is personified as a mocker and beer a brawler , and drinking a cup of strong wine to the dregs and getting drunk are sometimes presented as a symbol of God 's judgment and wrath .

Drinking a cup of strong wine and getting drunk are also used sometimes as a symbol of God 's anger .


Christian views on alcohol come from what the Bible says about it , along with Jewish and Christian traditions .

Most Christians ' opinions about alcohol depend on the way they understand what the Bible says about it , so the Bible is an important source about it .


As part of the relaunch , new logos , presenters and idents were introduced .

As part of the relaunch , new logos , idents , interactive services , programs and presenters were introduced .


It is accessible from the CBBC Channel by pressing red and then selecting CBBC Extra .

It is accessible from the CBBC Channel by pressing the red button and then selecting `` CBBC extra '' .


The service differs across digital platforms , for example digital satellite ( i.e. : Sky ) viewers can access a video loop .

The service is different on different digital platforms , for example Sky viewers can access the video loop .


CBBC is operated by the BBC Children 's division , part of BBC North .

CBBC is run by the BBC Children 's department , who make the programs for children up to the age of 16 .


CBBC Extra is a free interactive television service from CBBC provided by BBC Red Button .

CBBC extra is a free interactive television service from CBBC .


The CBBC website provides a wide range of activities for children aged 6-12 , such as games , videos , puzzles , print and makes , including now defunct pre-moderated message boards .

The CBBC website has a wide range of activities , such as games , puzzles , message boards and frequently updated news feeds .


CBBC produces a wide range of program types , including drama , news , entertainment , and factual programming .

CBBC produces a whole range of program types , including drama , news , entertainment and educational programs .


Numerous CBBC programs have been released on VHS by BBC Video .

CBBC programs are shown on BBC One , BBC Two and the CBBC Channel .


Avian influenza - known informally as avian flu or bird flu - refers to `` influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds . ''

Bird flu ( also called avian influenza , avian flu , bird influenza , or grippe of the birds ) , is an illness caused by a virus .


Webbed toes is the common name for syndactyly affecting the feet .

Webbed toes is the common name for syndactyly .


This is normal in many birds , such as ducks ; amphibians , such as frogs ; and mammals , such as kangaroos .

It is also common in amphibians such as frogs and mammals such as kangaroos .


Later outbreaks of bubonic plague in Italy include the city of Florence in 1630-33 and the areas surrounding Naples , Rome and Genoa in 1656-57 .

Later outbreaks of bubonic plague in Italy include the city of Florence in 1630-1633 and the areas surrounding Naples , Rome and Genoa in 1656-1657 .


German and French troops carried the plague to the city of Mantua in 1629 , as a result of troop movements associated with the Thirty Years ' War ( 1618-48 ) .

German and French troops carried the plague to the city of Mantua in 1629 , as a result of troop movements associated with the Thirty Years ' War ( 1618-1648 ) .


In October 1629 , the plague reached Milan , Lombardy 's major commercial center .

In October 1629 , the plague reached Milan , Lombardy 's commercial center .


The Italian Plague of 1629-31 was a series of outbreaks of bubonic plague which occurred from 1629 through 1631 in northern Italy .

The Italian Plague of 1629-1631 was a series of outbreaks of bubonic plague from 1629 through 1631 in northern Italy .


This episode is considered one of the last outbreaks of the centuries-long pandemic of bubonic plague which began with the Black Death .

This episode is considered one of the last outbreaks of the centuries long pandemic of bubonic plague which began with the Black Death .


This epidemic , often referred to as Great Plague of Milan , claimed the lives of approximately 280,000 people , with the cities of the Lombardy and Veneto regions experiencing particularly high death rates .

This epidemic , often called the Great Plague of Milan , killed about 280,000 people .


These actions included the Battle of Midway , the Battle of the Eastern Solomons , the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands , various other air-sea engagements during the Guadalcanal campaign , the Battle of the Philippine Sea , and the Battle of Leyte Gulf .

These fights included the Battle of Midway , the Battle of the Eastern Solomons , the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands , many other fights during the Guadalcanal campaign , the Battle of the Philippine Sea , and the Battle of Leyte Gulf .


VS-6 lost six planes during the attack , while VB-6 lost one .

VS-6 lost six planes during the attack .


Enterprise was one of fourteen ships to receive the early RCA CXAM-1 Radar .

Enterprise was one of fourteen ships to be fitted with the RCA CXAM-1 RADAR .


Lieutenant C. E. Dickinson and his crewmate William C. Miller of VS-6 shot down one Japanese plane before being forced to bail out after their plane caught fire .

Lieutenant C. E. Dickinson and his crewmate William C. Miller , from VS-6 , shot down one Japanese plane before they had to jump out after their plane caught fire .


However , the Battle of the Coral Sea was over before Enterprise arrived .

However , the Battle of the Coral Sea was over before Enterprise got there .


On 13 November , aviators from Enterprise helped to sink the Hiei , the first Japanese battleship lost during the war .

On 13 November , pilots from Enterprise helped to sink Hiei .


On 1 February , Enterprise 's Task Force 8 raided Kwajalein , Wotje , and Maloelap in the Marshall Islands , sinking three ships , damaging eight , and destroying numerous airplanes and ground facilities .

On 1 February , Enterprise 's Task Force 8 raided Kwajalein , Wotje , and Maloelap in the Marshall Islands .


When the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal ended on 15 November 1942 , Enterprise had shared in sinking sixteen ships and damaging eight more .

When the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal ended on 15 November 1942 , Enterprise had helped to sink 16 ships and damage eight more .


The Battle of Midway began on the morning of 4 June 1942 , when four Japanese carriers , unaware of the presence of U.S. naval forces , launched attacks on Midway Island .

The Battle of Midway began on the morning of 4 June 1942 , when four Japanese carriers attacked on Midway Island .


Enterprise launched a failed attack using torpedo bombers , then soon after Enterprise dive bombers attacked and sank the Japanese carriers Kaga and Akagi .

Soon after this , Enterprise dive bombers attacked and sank the Japanese carriers Kaga and Akagi .


Just three hours after the first bomb fell on Midway , planes from the U.S. carriers attacked .

Just three hours after the first bomb hit Midway , planes from the U.S. carriers attacked .


Enterprise was returning to Oahu on the morning of 7 December 1941 : 18 SBD Dauntlesses of Enterprise squadrons Scouting Squadron Six ( VS-6 ) and Bombing Squadron Six ( VB-6 ) arrived over Pearl Harbor during the Japanese attack and , though surprised , immediately went into action in defense of the naval base .

18 SBD Dauntlesses from Enterprise squadrons Scouting Squadron Six ( VS-6 ) and Bombing Squadron Six ( VB-6 ) arrived at Pearl Harbor while the Japanese were attacking it .


In sharp contrast , American carrier aircraft , with a major assist from U.S. submarines , sank three Japanese carriers ( Hiyō , Shōkaku , and Taihō ) , and destroyed 426 carrier aircraft , losses from which Japanese naval aviation would never recover .

American aircraft and U.S. submarines sank three Japanese carriers ( Hiyō , Shōkaku , and Taihō ) .


During the Enterprise 's last Magic Carpet voyage , the ship was caught in a severe gale in the Atlantic .

During the Enterprise 's last trip , the ship was caught in very high winds in the Atlantic .


Later in the afternoon , a mixed squadron of Enterprise and Yorktown bombers destroyed Hiryu ( aircraft from Yorktown also sank Sōryū ) .

Later in the afternoon , bombers from Enterprise and USS Yorktown sank Hiryu ( aircraft from Yorktown also sank Sōryū ) .


Over the course of two days , a total of six American ships were damaged , and 130 planes and a total of 76 pilots and aircrew were lost .

130 planes and 76 pilots and aircrew were lost .


Japanese losses were much larger : four carriers , one cruiser , and 272 carrier aircraft .

They lost four carriers , one cruiser and 272 planes .


At one point a radio report was heard : `` Do not attack me , this is Six Baker Three an American plane '' and later the same pilot ( Ensign Manuel Gonzales of VB-6 ) was heard ordering his radioman\/gunner to prepare for a water landing .

Later , the same pilot ( Ensign Manuel Gonzales from VB-6 ) was heard telling his radioman\/gunner to get ready to land on the water .


After her return , she operated along the east coast and in the Caribbean until April 1939 , when she was ordered to duty in the Pacific .

After she returned , she was used along the east coast and in the Caribbean until April 1939 .


In the ensuing Battle of the Eastern Solomons , the light carrier Ryūjō was sunk , and the Japanese troops intended for Guadalcanal were forced back .

During the Battle of the Eastern Solomons , the Japanese light carrier Ryūjō was sunk .


Several of these planes were shot down by the Japanese ; however , at least one plane was lost to heavy antiaircraft ( AA ) fire , and many more were damaged .

However , at least one plane was lost to anti-aircraft ( AA ) fire , and many more were damaged .


She participated in more major actions of the war against Japan than any other US ship .

She took part in more fights against Japan than any other U.S. ship .


In the Battle of Leyte Gulf ( 23-26 October ) , Enterprise planes struck all three groups of enemy forces , battering battleships and destroyers before the action ended .

In the Battle of Leyte Gulf ( 23-26 October ) , Enterprise planes attacked battleships and destroyers .


Enterprise earned 20 battle stars , the most for any U.S. warship in World War II and became the most decorated US ship of World War II .


Although the group encountered no surface ships , Enterprise aircraft sank Japanese submarine I-70 at 23 ° 45 ′ N 155 ° 35 ′ W \ / 23.750 ° N 155.583 ° W \ / 23.750 ; -155.583 ( USS Enterprise sinks I-70 ) on 10 December 1941 .


Enterprise was completing one such mission , returning to Hawaii after delivering Marine Fighter Squadron 211 ( VMF-211 ) to Wake Island on 7 December 1941 , when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor .

Enterprise was completing a transport mission , returning to Hawaii after moving Marine Fighter Squadron 211 ( VMF-211 ) to Wake Island on 7 December 1941 .


Restored to peak condition , Enterprise voyaged to Pearl Harbor , returning to the States with some 1,100 servicemen due for discharge , then sailed on to New York , arriving on 17 October 1945 .

Enterprise sailed to Pearl Harbor with 1,100 soldiers .


Thus , Enterprise is the only ship outside the Royal Navy to receive the honor in the more than 400 years since its creation .

Enterprise is the only non-Royal Navy ship to get the award in more than 400 years .


The second carrier of the Yorktown-class , Enterprise was launched on 3 October 1936 at Newport News Shipbuilding , sponsored by Lulie Swanson , wife of Secretary of the Navy Claude A. Swanson , and commissioned on 12 May 1938 .

She was sponsored by Lulie Swanson , who was the wife of the Secretary of the Navy Claude A. Swanson .


A Yorktown class carrier , she was launched in 1936 and was one of only three American carriers commissioned prior to World War II to survive the war ( the others being Saratoga and Ranger ) .

She was launched in 1936 and was a Yorktown class aircraft carrier .


During the last two weeks of December 1941 , Enterprise and her group steamed west of Hawaii to cover the islands while two other carrier groups made a belated attempt to relieve Wake Island .

During the last two weeks of December 1941 , Enterprise and her group moved to the west of Hawaii to make sure those islands were not attacked .


Colloquially referred to as the `` Big E '' , she was the sixth aircraft carrier of the United States Navy .

USS Enterprise ( CV-6 ) , often called the `` Big E , '' was the sixth aircraft carrier of the United States Navy .


Dickinson later made his way to Ford Island to man another plane , and participated in the search for the Japanese fleet .

Dickinson later went to Ford Island to fly another plane .


After a brief rest at Pearl Harbor , the Enterprise group sailed on 11 January , protecting convoys reinforcing Samoa .

After the Enterprise group had a short rest at Pearl Harbor , they left on 11 January .


Enterprise put into Pearl Harbor for fuel and supplies on the night of 8 December , and sailed early the next morning to patrol against possible additional attacks in the Hawaiian Islands .

Enterprise went into Pearl Harbor for fuel and supplies on the night of 8 December .


Despite losses to her aircraft squadrons , Enterprise came through undamaged and returned to Pearl Harbor on 13 June 1942 .

Even though she lost many planes , Enterprise returned to Pearl Harbor on 13 June 1942 undamaged .


Enterprise sailed south on a shakedown cruise which took her to Rio de Janeiro .


On three separate occasions during the Pacific War , the Japanese announced that she had been sunk in battle , earning her the name `` The Grey Ghost '' .

At three different times during the Pacific War , the Japanese said that she had been sunk in battle .


With Enterprise in CTF 16 were Hornet , six cruisers , and 10 destroyers .

USS Hornet , six cruisers and 10 destroyers were with Enterprise on that day .


Based first at San Diego ( where she was used in the filming of Dive Bomber , starring Errol Flynn and Fred MacMurray ) and then at Pearl Harbor after President Roosevelt ordered the Fleet to be `` forward based , '' the carrier and her aircraft squadrons trained intensively and transported aircraft among the island bases of the Pacific .

She was first based in San Diego ( where she was used in the movie Dive Bomber ) and then at Pearl Harbor after President Roosevelt ordered the Fleet to be based far forward .


Repaired at Pearl Harbor from 10 September-16 October 1942 , Enterprise departed once more for the South Pacific , where with Hornet she formed TF 61 .

Enterprise was fixed at Pearl Harbor from 10 September-16 October 1942 .


Enterprise also launched six F4F Wildcats of Fighting Squadron Six ( VF-6 ) in the wake of the attack ; all except two were shot down by shell-shocked AA gunners as they attempted to land on Ford Island that night .

All of these aircraft except two were shot down by shellshocked AA gunners when they tried to land on Ford Island later that night .


After the battle , Enterprise and her Task Group continued to provide air support for the invasion of Saipan through 5 July .

After the battle , Enterprise helped with the invasion of Saipan until 5 July .


After a month of rest and overhaul , Enterprise sailed on 15 July 1942 for the South Pacific , where she joined TF 61 to support the amphibious landings in the Solomon Islands on 8 August .

After a month of rest , Enterprise headed on 15 July 1942 for the South Pacific .


The pennant was given to the Big E as a token of respect from an ally .

The pennant was given to Enterprise as a gift from an ally .


She then sailed for Pearl Harbor and a month of rest and overhaul .

She then went back to Pearl Harbor for a month of rest .


The carrier , meanwhile , assembled her remaining aircraft in a fruitless search for the Japanese striking force ; the search was to the south and west of Oahu , while the Japanese retired to the northwest .

They search was to the south and west of Oahu .


Though the forces were in contact until 7 June , by the end of the day on 4 June the outcome had been decided .

Even though the fighting went on until 7 June , by the end of 4 June the result had been decided .


Clara Petacci , known as Claretta Petacci ( Italian pronunciation : ( klaˈretta peˈtattʃi ) ; 28 February 1912 - 28 April 1945 ) was the mistress of the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini , who was twenty-eight years her senior .

Clara Petacci ( 28 February 1912 - 28 April 1945 ) was the last mistress of Benito Mussolini , who was 28 years older .


12 Rounds is a 2009 American action film directed by Renny Harlin and produced by WWE Studios .

12 Rounds is a 2009 movie set to be directed by Renny Harlin and produced by WWE Films .


The cast is led by John Cena , alongside Steve Harris , Gonzalo Menendez , Aidan Gillen , Brian J. White , Ashley Scott , and Taylor Cole .

Casting is currently taking place , but professional wrestler John Cena is set to star with Steve Harris , Aidan Gillen , and Brian J. White .


From 1935 until his death , he published 12 novels , three short-story collections and eight plays .

From 1935 until his death , he published 12 novels , two short-story collections and eight plays .


White 's fiction employs humor , florid prose , shifting narrative vantage points and a stream of consciousness technique .

White 's fiction uses humor , ornate prose , shifting narrative vantage points and a stream of consciousness technique .


Patrick Victor Martindale White ( 28 May 1912 - 30 September 1990 ) was an English-born Australian writer who is widely regarded as one of the most important English-language novelists of the 20th century .

Patrick Victor Martindale White ( 28 May 1912 - 30 September 1990 ) , was an Australian author .


Patrick White and Christina Stead continue to be widely recognized as the foremost Australian novelists of the 20th century .

Patrick White and Christina Stead are widely called the most important Australian novelists of the 20th century .


In 1973 , he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature , the first Australian to have been awarded the prize .

In 1973 , he got the Nobel Prize in Literature .


White was made Australian of the Year for 1974 , but in a typically rebellious fashion , his acceptance speech encouraged Australians to spend the day reflecting on the state of the country .

White was made Australian of the Year for 1974 .


Their age suggests that the rise of dinosaurs was slow and drawn out across much of the Triassic .

The age of the footprints suggests that the rise of the dinosaurs was slow and drawn out across much of the Triassic .


Avemetatarsalia ( meaning `` bird metatarsals '' ) is a clade name established by British palaeontologist Michael Benton in 1999 for all crown group archosaurs that are closer to birds than to crocodiles .

Avemetatarsalia ( meaning `` bird toes '' ) is a clade name established in 1999 for all crown group archosaurs that are closer to birds than to crocodiles .


An alternate name is Panaves , or `` all birds '' , in reference to its definition containing all animals , living or extinct , which are more closely related to birds than to crocodiles .

An alternate name is Panaves , or `` all birds '' , meaning all animals , living or extinct , which are more closely related to birds than to crocodiles .


However , Early Triassic fossil footprints reported in 2010 from the Świętokrzyskie ( Holy Cross ) Mountains of Poland may belong to a more primitive dinosauromorph .

However , Lower Triassic fossil footprints reported in 2010 from Poland may belong to a still more primitive type .


The oldest Polish footprints are classified in the ichnogenus Prorotodactylus and were made by an unknown small quadrupedal animal , but footprints called Sphingopus , found from Early Anisian strata , show that moderately large bipedal dinosauromorphs had appeared by 246 Ma .

The oldest Polish footprints were made by an unknown small quadrupedal animal , but slightly later footprints show that moderately large bipedal dinosauromorphs had appeared by 246 mya .


Bird-line archosaurs appear in the fossil record by the Anisian stage of the Middle Triassic about 245 million years ago , represented by the dinosauriform Asilisaurus .

Bird-line archosaurs appear in the fossil record early in the Middle Triassic about 245 million years ago ( mya ) , with the dinosaur-like Asilisaurus .


If so , the origin of avemetatarsalians would be pushed back into the early Olenekian age , around 249 Ma .

If so , the origin of avemetatarsalians would be pushed back to around 249 mya .


Though they sometimes exhibit frustration or confusion , the Storypeople rarely , if ever , appear upset or sad .

Though they sometimes show frustration or confusion , the Storypeople rarely , if ever , look upset or sad .


They are five furry creatures played by actors in full-body costumes .

They are played by actors in full body costumes .


Boohbah was a British children 's television show .

Boohbah is a British children 's television program .


They are : The Storypeople do not speak .


`` Boohbah '' means `` doll '' in Hebrew , but it is not clear if this influenced the name of the show , or even if the creators are aware of this .

Boohbah is also shown in the Netherlands on Nick Jr. `` Boohbah '' means `` doll '' in Hebrew , but it is not known if the show was named for this .


It resembles five deep spoons with the handles linked , or , alternately , the hammocks resemble five fig halves .

It looks like five deep spoons with the handles linked .


The similarity between this show and Teletubbies , both of which have a `` science fiction '' theme , is notable .

The show is similar to Teletubbies in that both have a science fiction theme .


One of the common features in Boohbah is the Boohball .

One of the common things in Boohbah is the Boohball .


It was created by Anne Wood with scripts by Alan Dapre and Robin Stevens ( of Pob fame ) .

Alan Dapre and Robin Stevens wrote the scripts .


The Storypeople are a diverse group of familial characters who inhabit Storyland and there participate in various vignettes inspired by the presents ( see below ) .

They are : The Storypeople are a group of characters who live in Storyland .


The red head has two long black spines with clubbed ends .

The head has two long black spines with clubbed ends .


The Mexican Fritillary may be seen from mid-June to November in Arizona , from July to December in Texas and year-round in Mexico .

The Mexican Fritillary may be seen from mid-June to November in Arizona .


There is a row of submarginal black spots on both the fore wing and the hind wing .

There is a row of submarginal ( submarginal means just inward of the wing edge ) black spots on both the fore wing ( the top wing ) and the hind wing .


The Mexican Fritillary ( Euptoieta hegesia ) is a North and South American butterfly in the family Nymphalidae .

The Mexican Fritillary ( Euptoieta hegesia ) is a North and South American butterfly .


The Variegated Fritillary has black median lines on the upper side of the hind wing , and on the underside of the hind wing it has a pale postmedian band .

The Variegated Fritillary has more black on the upper side of the hind wing .


The underside of the wings is yellow-orange with no submarginal black spots .


The upper side of the wings is bright orange with the basal part of the hind wing unmarked .

The upper side of the wings is bright orange .


This species may be encountered in a wide range of open habitats and gardens .

This species may be found in a variety of open habitats and gardens .


The larva is shiny red , with middorsal silver spots edged with black .


Here is a list of host plants used by the Mexican Fritillary :

Here is a list of host plants that the Mexican Fritillary caterpillar feeds on :


It has a subdorsal row of white spots ringed with black , a spiracular silver line with black edges , and six rows of black spines .


Journalists sometimes expose themselves to danger , particularly when reporting in areas of armed conflict or in states that do not respect the freedom of the press .

Journalists sometimes expose themselves to danger , especially when reporting in areas of armed conflict or in places that do not respect the freedom of the press .


The ten countries with the largest number of currently-imprisoned journalists are Turkey ( 95 ) , China ( 34 imprisoned ) , Iran ( 34 ) , Eritrea ( 17 ) , Burma ( 13 ) , Uzbekistan ( six ) , Vietnam ( five ) , Cuba ( four ) , Ethiopia ( four ) , and Sudan ( three ) .

The ten countries with the most journalists currently imprisoned are Turkey ( 95 ) , China ( 34 ) , Iran ( 34 ) , Eritrea ( 17 ) , Burma ( 13 ) , Uzbekistan ( six ) , Vietnam ( five ) , Cuba ( four ) , Ethiopia ( four ) , and Sudan ( three ) .


A reporter is a type of journalist who researches , writes , and reports on information to present in sources , conduct interviews , engage in research , and make reports .

A reporter is a type of journalist who researches , writes , and reports information .


Organizations such as the Committee to Protect Journalists and Reporters Without Borders publish reports on press freedom and advocate for journalistic freedom .

Organizations such as Reporters Without Borders publish reports on press freedom and advocate for press freedom .


The Committee to Protect Journalists also reports that as of December 1 , 2010 , 145 journalists were jailed worldwide for journalistic activities .

The Committee to Protect Journalists has reported that as of 1 December 2010 , 145 journalists were imprisoned around the world for reporting the news .


Gothard is not married , and has no children .


Later , in 1989 , the organization 's name changed again to Institute in Basic Life Principles ( IBLP ) , of which Gothard is currently the president and a board member .

Later , in 1989 , the name changed again to Institute in Basic Life Principles ( IBLP ) .


In 1984 , he founded the Advanced Training Institute ( ATI ) , a homeschooling program with a curriculum that is based on the Sermon on the Mount .

In 1984 , under Gothard 's leadership , a homeschooling program , the Advanced Training Institute of America was founded .


A short film , Boog and Elliot 's Midnight Bun Run , was released in 2007 and is featured on the Open Season DVD and Blu-ray .

A short movie , Boog and Elliot 's Midnight Bun Run , was released in 2007 and is featured on the Open Season DVD and Blu-ray .


In the end , Ursa decides to live with Boog and his friends since he does n't want to leave her or Elliot .

In the end , Ursa decides to live with Boog and his friends .


In the end , Boog decides to stay in the forest and says goodbye to Beth ( who came back to take Boog home ) .

In the end , Boog decides to stay in the forest and says goodbye to his owner Ranger Beth ( Debra Messing ) .


The Open Season franchise from Sony Pictures Animation consists of three films : Open Season ( 2006 ) , Open Season 2 ( 2009 ) , and Open Season 3 ( 2011 ) , along with a short film , Boog and Elliot 's Midnight Bun Run ( 2006 ) .

The series of Open Season movies from Sony Pictures Animation includes Open Season ( 2006 ) , Open Season 2 ( 2008 ) , Open Season 3 ( 2010 ) , as well as a short movie called Boog and Elliot 's Midnight Bun Run ( 2006 ) .


In the tranquil town of Timberline , a 900-pound grizzly bear named Boog has his perfect world turned upside down after he meets Elliot , a one-horned mule deer .

A 900-pound grizzly bear named Boog living in the town of Timberline ( Martin Lawrence ) meets Elliot ( Ashton Kutcher ) , a one-horned mule deer .


In the end , Mr. Weenie decides to remain a pet again and go live with Bob and Bobbie and the other domestics .

In the end , Mr. Weenie decides to go back to his owners and leave the wild .


Eric Patrick Clapton , CBE , ( born 30 March 1945 ) is an English musician , singer and songwriter .

Eric Patrick Clapton ( born March 30 , 1945 , in The Green , Ripley , Surrey , England ) is an English guitarist , singer and composer .


The close friendship between Clapton and Harrison resulted in Clapton playing on Harrison 's `` While My Guitar Gently Weeps '' from the Beatles ' White Album ( 1968 ) .

Clapton became friends with Beatle George Harrison , who asked him to play guitar on `` While My Guitar Gently Weeps '' , for 1968 's `` White Album '' .


Áo classifies the item as a piece of clothing on the upper part of the body .

The prefix áo classifies the item as clothing .


Both men were also professors at the Paris Conservatoire .

Franck became organ professor at the Paris Conservatoire .


His pupils included Vincent d'Indy , Ernest Chausson , Louis Vierne , Charles Tournemire , Guillaume Lekeu and Henri Duparc .

The students he taught included Vincent d'Indy , Ernest Chausson , and Louis Vierne .


César-Auguste-Jean-Guillaume-Hubert Franck ( 10 December 1822 - 8 November 1890 ) was a composer , pianist , organist , and music teacher who worked in Paris during his adult life .

César Franck ( born Liège , 10 December , 1822 ; died Paris , November 8 , 1890 ) , was a composer , organist and music teacher of Belgian and German origin who lived in France .


Franck was born in Liège , then part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands ( from 1830 part of Walloon-speaking Belgium ) to Nicolas-Joseph Franck , a bank clerk whose family came from the German-Belgian border , and Marie-Catherine-Barbe Franck ( née Frings ) , who was from Germany .

César Franck was born in Liège , a town which is now in Belgium .


Manning played college football at the University of Mississippi ( Ole Miss ) after attending prep school at Isidore Newman School in New Orleans .

Manning played college football at the University of Mississippi after attending high school at Isidore Newman School in New Orleans .


Manning was named the Most Valuable Player of Super Bowl XLII .

Manning was called the Most Valuable Player of Super Bowl XLII , which was played on February 3 , 2008 .


He is the son of former NFL quarterback Archie Manning and the younger brother of Denver Broncos quarterback Peyton Manning .

He is the son of former NFL quarterback Archie Manning .


Elisha Nelson `` Eli '' Manning ( born January 3 , 1981 ) is an American football quarterback for the New York Giants of the National Football League ( NFL ) and is the active iron man for consecutive starts by a quarterback .

Elisha Nelson `` Eli '' Manning ( born January 3 , 1981 in New Orleans , Louisiana , USA ) is an American football quarterback for the New York Giants in the National Football League ( NFL ) .


He was drafted as the first overall pick in the 2004 NFL Draft by the San Diego Chargers and immediately traded to the New York Giants , who in return gave up a package highlighted by fourth overall selection Philip Rivers .

In return , the New York Giants allowed Philip Rivers to join the San Diego Chargers .


Originally it was a part of the earldom of Bentheim , before it became independent in 1454 .

At first it was a part of the earldom of Bentheim , before it became independent in 1454 .


In 1975 the old district Steinfurt was merged with the district Tecklenburg , and together with Greven and Saerbeck from the former district Münster the current district was formed .

In 1975 the old district Steinfurt was merged with the district Tecklenburg , and together with Greven and Saerbeck from the old district Münster the current district was made .


Highest elevation is the Westerbecker Berg with 234m , lowest point is the Bentlage castle at 32m .

The highest point in Steinfurt is the Westerbecker Berg with 234m , the lowest point is the Bentlage castle at 32m .


The district is situated at the Lower Saxon border , north of Münster .

The district is at the Lower Saxon border , north of Münster .


1804 Steinfurt was reunited with Bentheim , before it became a part of the Prussian province of Westphalia in 1815 .

1804 Steinfurt was joined back with Bentheim , before it became a part of the Prussian province of Westphalia in 1815 .


The new government in 1816 created the districts Steinfurt and Tecklenburg .

The new government in 1816 made the districts Steinfurt and Tecklenburg .


Simon Phillip Hugh Callow , CBE ( born 15 June 1949 ) is an English actor , musician , writer and theater director .

Simon Phillip Hugh Callow , CBE ( born 15 June 1949 ) is an English actor , writer and theater director .


For some time Callow lived with director Daniel Kramer .

For a while Callow lived with director Daniel Kramer .


Callow was born in Streatham , London , England , UK , the son of Yvonne Mary ( née Guise ) , a secretary , and Neil Francis Callow , a businessman .

Callow was born in Streatham , London , UK , to Yvonne Mary Guise and Neil Francis Callow .


Callow is one of the most prominent gay actors in Britain , listed 28th in the Independent 's 2007 listing of the most influential gay men and women in the UK .

Callow is one of the most prominent gay actors in Britain .


Callow attended the London Oratory School and then went on to study at Queen 's University Belfast ( ` Queen 's ' ) in Northern Ireland where he was active in the Northern Ireland civil-rights movement , before giving up his degree course to go into acting at the Drama Centre London .


The DNA sequences from which such RNAs are transcribed are known as RNA genes .

genes that are transcribed into mRNAs and are translated into polypeptide chains .


The following list details the languages spoken in Iran and lists the total number of speakers for each language ( data from Ethnologue ) .

The following are the languages with the greatest number of speakers ( Data from the CIA World Factbook ) : The following list details the languages spoken in Iran and lists the total number of speakers for each language : ( Data from Ethnologue ) although the site is controversial due its wide variation from its 1996 edition as well as the fact that it does not provide sources for their statistics .


The basalts were originally part of a great volcanic plateau called the Thulean Plateau which formed during the Paleogene .

The basalts were originally part of a great volcanic plateau called the Thulean Plateau which formed during the Paleogene period .


Around 50 to 60 million years ago , during the Paleogene Period , Antrim was subject to intense volcanic activity , when highly fluid molten basalt intruded through chalk beds to form an extensive lava plateau .

Some 50 to 60 million years ago , during the Palaeogene period , Antrim was subject to intense volcanic activity , when highly fluid molten basalt intruded through chalk beds to form an extensive lava plateau .


As the lava cooled , contraction occurred .

As the lava cooled rapidly , contraction occurred .


The tallest are about 12 metres ( 39 ft ) high , and the solidified lava in the cliffs is 28 metres ( 92 ft ) thick in places .

The tallest are about 12 metres ( 36 ft ) high , and the solidified lava in the cliffs is 28 metres thick in places .


The Giant 's Causeway is today owned and managed by the National Trust and it is the most popular tourist attraction in Northern Ireland .

The Giant 's Causeway is today owned and managed by the National Trust .


Most of the columns are hexagonal , although there are also some with four , five , seven or eight sides .

Most of the columns are hexagonal , although there are also some with four , five , seven and eight sides .


It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986 , and a National Nature Reserve in 1987 by the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland .

It was named and a National Nature Reserve in 1987 by the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland .


It is located in County Antrim on the northeast coast of Northern Ireland , about three miles ( 4.8 km ) northeast of the town of Bushmills .

It is in County Antrim on the northeast coast of Northern Ireland .


The Giant 's Causeway ( known as Clochán an Aifir or Clochán na bhFomhórach in Irish and tha Giant 's Causey in Ulster-Scots ) is an area of about 40,000 interlocking basalt columns , the result of an ancient volcanic eruption .

The Giant 's Causeway is an area of about 40,000 interlocking basalt columns , the result of an ancient volcanic eruption .


In 1971 , Masaru Ibuka handed the position of president over to his co-founder Akio Morita .

The name of the engineer was Masaru Ibuka and the name of the physicist was Akio Morita .


The Hoboken election of 2005 is an election that was held on May 10 , 2005 in Hoboken , New Jersey for Hoboken residents , in which the Mayor of Hoboken was chosen based on the number of votes .

The Hoboken election of 2005 was an election when people living in Hoboken , New Jersey voted for a mayor .


In the May 10 election , Roberts got 39 % of the votes and Marsh got 27 % of the vote .


It was believed for centuries that the loss of HMS Victory in 1744 was attributable to wrecking on the Casquets , the lightkeeper of Alderney even being court-martialled for failure to keep the light on at the time of the ship 's loss .

The largest wreck was the 8000 tonne water tanker Constantia S . It was believed for centuries that HMS Victory was wrecked in 1744 on the Casquets , the lightkeeper of Alderney even being court-martialled for failure to keep the light on at the time of the ship 's loss .


The Castle of Bredevoort was a castle in the city of Bredevoort , Guelders in the Netherlands .

The Castle of Bredevoort was a former castle in the city of Bredevoort , Guelders in the Netherlands .


Only one son , Anthonie , survived the disaster .

Only one son , Anthonie , who was not home that day , survived .


The earliest known mention of the castle dates from 1188 as `` castrum Breidervort '' .

The name of the castle was for the first time written in the year 1188 as `` castrum Breidervort '' .


These creatures can grow to larger sizes because there is more available energy and better water coverage : the water is shallow enough to allow more sunlight for photosynthetic activity , and the salinity is at almost normal levels .

These creatures can grow to larger sizes because there is more available energy and better water coverage : The water is shallow enough to allow more light for photosynthetic activity , and the salinity is at almost normal levels .


The same waves and currents that make life in the high tide zone difficult bring food to filter feeders and other intertidal organisms .

The same waves and currents that make the life in the high tide zone difficult bring food to the filter feeders and other intertidal animals .


Low tide zone organisms include abalone , anemones , brown seaweed , chitons , crabs , green algae , hydroids , isopods , limpets , mussels , nudibranchs , sculpin , sea cucumber , sea lettuce , sea palms , sea stars , sea urchins , shrimp , snails , sponges , surf grass , tube worms , and whelks .

Low tide zone organisms include abalone , sea anemones , brown seaweed , chitons , crabs , green algae , hydroids , isopods , limpets , mussels , nudibranchs , small fish , sea cucumber , kelp , sea stars , sea urchins , shrimp , snails , sponges , sea grass , tube worms , and whelks .


Marine algae provide shelter for nudibranches and hermit crabs .

Marine algae can provide shelter for such organisms as nudibranchs and hermit crabs .


At other times the rocks may undergo other extreme conditions , baking in the sun or exposed to cold winds .

At other times the rocks experience other extreme conditions , baking in the sun or exposed to cold winds .


The high tide zone is flooded during each high tide .

The high tide zone is flooded for hours during each high tide .


This area is also relatively protected from large predators because of the wave action and shallow water .

The area is still protected from large predators because of the wave action and relatively shallow water .


The white tentacles ( acrorhagi ) , which contain stinging cells , are for fighting .

The white tentacles ( acrorhagi ) are for fighting .


Some species of starfish can regenerate lost arms .

Some species of starfish have the ability to regenerate lost arms in time .


This zone is predominantly inhabited by seaweed and invertebrates , such as sea anemones , seastars , chitons , crabs , green algae , and mussels .

The high tide zone is inhabited by sea anemones , starfish , chitons , crabs , green algae , and mussels .


Many tide pools are habitats of especially adaptable animals that have engaged the attention of naturalists and marine biologists , as well as philosophical essayists : John Steinbeck wrote in The Log from the Sea of Cortez , `` It is advisable to look from the tide pool to the stars and then back to the tide pool again . ''

Tide pools are habitats of uniquely adaptable animals that have engaged the special attention of naturalists and marine biologists .


The sea anemones sting each other repeatedly until one moves .

The sea anemones sting each other repeatedly until one ( usually ) moves .


Tide pools , or rock pools , are rocky pools on the sea shore which are filled with seawater .

Rock pools ( or ` tide pools ' ) are rocky pools by the sea .


Tidal pools exist in the intertidal zones .


This subregion is mostly submerged , and is exposed only during low tide .

This area is mostly submerged - it is exposed only during low tide .


Many of these pools exist as separate pools only at low tide .

They are filled with seawater during high tide , and exist as separate pools at low tide .


These zones are submerged by the sea at high tides and during storms , and may receive spray from wave action .

This zone receives spray from wave action during high tides and storms .


There is greater biodiversity , but organisms in this zone are not well adapted to dryness and temperature extremes .


In addition , the constant wave action removes competitors , such as the mussel species Mytilus californianus .

In addition , the constant wave action removes competitors .


The intertidal zone is periodically exposed to sun and wind , which desiccate barnacles , which need to be well adapted to water loss .

Since the intertidal zone often desiccates when the tide is out , barnacles are well adapted to water loss .


The sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima reproduces clones of itself through a process called longitudinal fission , in which the animal splits into two parts along its length .

The process is called longitudinal fission , in which the animal splits in two parts along its length .


The Big Mac PPP exchange rate between two countries is obtained by dividing the price of a Big Mac in one country ( in its currency ) by the price of a Big Mac in another country ( in its currency ) .

The exchange rate between two countries can be compared by dividing the price of a Big Mac in one country ( in its currency ) by the price of a Big Mac in another country ( in its currency ) .


This value is then compared with the actual exchange rate ; if it is lower , then the first currency is under-valued ( according to PPP theory ) compared with the second , and conversely , if it is higher , then the first currency is over-valued .

Conversely , if the rate is higher , then the first currency is over-valued .


When a = 0 , the series is also called a Maclaurin series .

This series , which is based around zero , is called the Maclaurin series .


Though no record of his work survives , writings of later Indian mathematicians suggest that he found a number of special cases of the Taylor series , including those for the trigonometric functions of sine , cosine , tangent , and arctangent .

Later Indian mathematicians wrote about his work with the trigonometric functions of sine , cosine , tangent , and arctangent .


In the 17th century , James Gregory also worked in this area and published several Maclaurin series .

Gregory studied the Taylor series and published several Maclaurin series .


In mathematics , a Taylor series is a representation of a function as an infinite sum of terms that are calculated from the values of the function 's derivatives at a single point .

In mathematics , a Taylor series shows a function as an infinite sum .


The Maclaurin series for any polynomial is the polynomial itself .

When , the function is called a Maclaurin series .


If the Taylor series is centered at zero , then that series is also called a Maclaurin series , named after the Scottish mathematician Colin Maclaurin , who made extensive use of this special case of Taylor series in the 18th century .

There is also a special kind of Taylor series called a Maclaurin series .


Any finite number of initial terms of the Taylor series of a function is called a Taylor polynomial .

If the Taylor Series of a function is equal to that function , the function is called an `` analytic function . ''


The Maclaurin series was named after Colin Maclaurin , a professor in Edinburgh , who published the special case of the Taylor result in the 18th century .

Colin Maclaurin published a special case of the Taylor series in the 1700s .


The Romans used both fixed and floating water wheels and introduced water power to other provinces of the Roman Empire .

The Romans used both fixed and floating water wheels and introduced water power to other countries of the Roman Empire .


Roman style mills are more complicated as they require gears to transmit the power from a shaft with a horizontal axis to one with a vertical axis .

Roman style mills are more complicated as they require gears transmit the power from a shaft with a horizontal axis to one with a vertical axis .


Survey of industrial mills In a 2005 survey the scholar Adam Lucas identified the following first appearances of various industrial mill types in Western Europe .


A watermill is a structure that uses a water wheel or turbine to drive a mechanical process such as flour , lumber or textile production , or metal shaping ( rolling , grinding or wire drawing ) .

A watermill is an engine that uses a water wheel or turbine to drive a mechanical process such as flour or lumber production , or metal shaping ( rolling , grinding or wire drawing ) .


So-called ` Greek Mills ' used water wheels with a horizontal wheel ( and vertical shaft ) .

So-called ` Greek Mills ' used water wheels with a vertically mounted shaft .


He praised for its use in grinding grain and the reduction of human labor : The Roman encyclopedist Pliny mentions in his Naturalis Historia of around 70 AD water-powered trip hammers operating in the greater part of Italy .

He praised it for its use in grinding grain and the reduction of human labor .


A `` Roman Mill '' features a vertical wheel ( on a horizontal shaft ) .

A `` Roman Mill '' features a horizontally-mounted shaft .


The Greek epigrammatist Antipater of Thessalonica tells of an advanced overshot wheel mill around 20 BC\/10 AD .

In the 1st century BC , the Greek epigrammatist Antipater of Thessalonica was the first to make a reference to the waterwheel .


In 1864 , however , the protectorate ended and the Ionian Islands became a part of Greece .

The protectorate ended in 1864 , and the Ionian Islands became a part of Greece .


The Order is the sixth-most senior in the British honors system , after The Most Noble Order of the Garter , The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle , The Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick , The Most Honourable Order of the Bath , and The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India .

The Order is the sixth-most important in the British honors system , after The Most Noble Order of the Garter ( the highest British honor ) , The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle , The Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick , The Most Honourable Order of the Bath , and The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India .


British Ambassadors to foreign nations are regularly appointed as KCMGs or CMGs .

British Ambassadors to foreign nations are often appointed as KCMGs or CMGs .


Knights and Dames Grand Cross use the post-nominal `` GCMG '' ; Knights Commanders and Dames Commanders use `` KCMG '' and `` DCMG '' respectively ; Companions use `` CMG '' .

Knights Commanders and Dames Commanders use `` KCMG '' and `` DCMG '' respectively .


Knights and Dames Commanders and Companions may display the circlet , but not the collar , surrounding their arms .

Knights and Dames Commanders and Companions may display the circlet ( but not the collar ) around their arms .


Such forms are not used by peers and princes , except when the names of the former are written out in their fullest forms .

These titles are not used by peers and princes , except when the names of peers are written out in their fullest forms .


When collars are worn ( either on collar days or on formal occasions such as coronations ) , the badge is suspended from the collar .

When collars are worn ( either on collar days or on formal occasions such as coronations ) , the badge is hung from the collar .


The Usher of the Order is known as the Gentleman Usher of the Blue Rod ; he does not , unlike his Order of the Garter equivalent ( the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod ) , perform any duties related to the House of Lords .

The Usher of the Order is known as the Gentleman Usher of the Blue Rod .


At a considerably smaller scale , to the back of the stall is affixed a piece of brass ( a `` stall plate '' ) displaying its occupant 's name , arms and date of admission into the Order .

At the back of the stall there is a piece of brass ( a `` stall plate '' ) displaying its occupant 's name , arms and date of admission into the Order .


For example , the former British Ambassador to the United States , Sir David Manning , was appointed a CMG when he worked for the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office ( FCO ) , and then after his appointment as British Ambassador to the US , he was promoted to a Knight Commander ( KCMG ) .

For example , the British Ambassador to the United States , Sir David Manning , was appointed a CMG when he worked for the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office ( FCO ) .


It is the traditional award for members of the FCO .

It is the normal award for members of the FCO .


One of its primary symbols is that of St Michael trampling over Satan .

One of its primary symbols is that of St Michael standing over Satan .


The next-most senior member is the Grand Master .

After the sovereign , the next-most senior member is the Grand Master .


It is named in honor of two military saints , St Michael and St George .

It is named in honor of two military saints , Saint Michael and Saint George .


The original home of the Order was the Palace of St. Michael and St. George in Corfu , the residence of the Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands and the seat of the Ionian Senate .

The original home of the Order was the Palace of St Michael and St George in Corfu This was the home of the Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands .


Its patron saints , as the name suggests , are St. Michael the Archangel and St. George .

Its patron saints are Saint Michael the Archangel and Saint George .


The stall plates , however , are not removed ; rather , they remain permanently affixed somewhere about the stall , so that the stalls of the chapel are festooned with a colorful record of the Order 's Knights and Dames Grand Cross since 1906 .

The stall plates are not removed , but remain permanently placed somewhere in the stall , so that the stalls of the chapel are covered with a colorful record of the Order 's Knights and Dames Grand Cross since 1906 .


In the satirical British television program Yes Minister , Jim Hacker MP is told an old joke by his Private Secretary Bernard Woolley about what the various post-nominals stand for .

In the satirical British television program , Yes Minister , Jim Hacker MP is told an old joke by his Private Secretary , Bernard Woolley , about what the different post-nominals mean .


The British Sovereign is the Sovereign of the Order and appoints all other members of the Order ( by convention , on the advice of the Government ) .

The British Sovereign is the Sovereign of the Order and appoints all other members of the Order .


The office was formerly filled by the Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands ; now , however , Grand Masters are chosen by the Sovereign .

The office used to be held by the Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands , but now they are chosen by the Sovereign .


The badge is depicted suspended from the collar or circlet .

The badge is depicted hanging from the collar or circlet .


He was offered the KCMG ( which would have elevated him from a Companion in the Order to a Knight Commander in the Order ) in The Man with the Golden Gun , but he rejected that offer as he did not wish to become a public figure .

He was offered the KCMG in The Man with the Golden Gun , but he would not take it , as he did not wish to become a public figure .


The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is an order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George , Prince Regent , later King George IV , while he was acting as Prince Regent for his father , King George III .

The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is an order of chivalry .


Members of the Order wear elaborate costumes on important occasions ( such as coronations ) , which vary by rank : At less important occasions , simpler insignia are used : On certain `` collar days '' designated by the Sovereign , members attending formal events may wear the Order 's collar over their military uniform or morning wear .

On these days , members attending formal events may wear the Order 's collar over their military uniform or evening wear .


Members of the Order of St Michael are assigned positions in the order of precedence .

Members of the Order of St Michael are given positions in the order of precedence ( the order in which members of the nobility should be placed in a procession or other events ) .


Wives of male members also feature on the order of precedence , as do sons , daughters and daughters-in-law of Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commanders ; relatives of female members , however , are not assigned any special precedence .

So are sons , daughters and daughters-in-law of Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commanders .


The Sovereign and the Knights and Dames Grand Cross are allotted stalls in the choir of the chapel , above which their heraldic devices are displayed .

The Sovereign and the Knights and Dames Grand Cross have stalls in the choir 's area of the chapel .


Above the crest or coronet , the stall 's occupant 's heraldic banner is hung , emblazoned with his or her coat of arms .

Above the crest or coronet hangs the Knight or Dame 's heraldic banner , showing the coat of arms .


People are appointed to the Order rather than awarded it .

People are appointed to the Order rather than given it .


Under English heraldic law , women other than monarchs do not bear helms or crests ; instead , the coronet appropriate to the dame 's rank , if there is one , is used .

Under English heraldic law , women who are not monarchs do not bear helms or crests - this is because in the past , women did not fight in wars or tournaments , so they did not have a helmet .


The reredos within the chapel were commissioned from Henry Poole in 1927 .

The reredos ( decorated panels ) within the chapel were designed by Henry Poole , in 1927 .


They may , furthermore , encircle their arms with a depiction of the circlet ( a circle bearing the motto ) and the collar ; the former is shown either outside or on top of the latter .

They may also surround their arms with the design of the circlet ( a circle bearing the motto ) and the collar .


The Order was founded to commemorate the British amical protectorate over the Ionian Islands , which had come under British control in 1814 and had been granted its own constitution as the United States of the Ionian Islands in 1817 .

It was given its own constitution as the United States of the Ionian Islands , in 1817 .


Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commanders prefix `` Sir '' , and Dames Grand Cross and Dames Commanders prefix `` Dame '' , to their forenames .

Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commanders use the title `` Sir '' before their given name , and Dames Grand Cross and Dames Commanders use `` Dame '' .


Wives of Knights may prefix `` Lady '' to their surnames , but no equivalent privilege exists for husbands of Dames .

Wives of Knights may use the title `` Lady '' before their surname ( for example Lady Smith ) , but husbands of Dames have no title .


Knights and Dames Grand Cross are also entitled to receive heraldic supporters .

Examples are : Knights and Dames Grand Cross are also allowed to receive heraldic supporters ( figures on either side of the shield , which look like they are holding it up ) .


Members of the Royal Family who are appointed to the Order do not count towards the limit ; neither do foreigners appointed as `` honorary members '' .

Grand Masters include : The number of members originally in the Order included : Members of the Royal Family who are appointed to the Order are not counted as part of these limits and neither are foreigners appointed as `` honorary members '' ( this means that they can not use the title ` Sir ' or ` Dame ' , and do not receive all the privileges of the order ) The Order has six officers : The Order 's King of Arms is not a member of the College of Arms .


Furthermore , honorary ( foreign ) members and clergymen do not receive the accolade and , so , are not entitled to use the prefix `` Sir '' or `` Dame '' .

Honorary members ( usually members from other countries ) and clergymen do not receive the accolade or use the title .


Perched on the pinnacle of a knight 's stall is his helm , decorated with a mantling and topped by his crest .

Over their stall , their heraldic devices are displayed : The Knight 's helm , decorated with a mantling ( cloth tied to the helpmet ) and topped by his crest ( often an animal ) .


The Order includes three classes , in descending order of seniority : It is used to honor individuals who have rendered important services in relation to Commonwealth or foreign nations .

The Order has three classes , listed below from highest to lowest : It is used to honor people who have done important things for the Commonwealth or foreign nations .


Stanley Baluik ( born October 5 , 1935 ) is a former Canadian ice hockey center and professional golfer .

Stanley Baluik ( born October 5 , 1935 in Port Arthur , Ontario ) is a former Canadian ice hockey center and professional golfer .


In the United States , ASCAP competes with two other PROs - Broadcast Music , Inc. ( BMI ) and the Society of European Stage Authors and Composers ( SESAC ) .

In the United States , ASCAP competes with two other PROs - Broadcast Music Incorporated ( BMI ) and the Society of European Stage Authors and Composers ( SESAC ) .


The American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers ( ASCAP \ / ˈæskæp \ / ) is an American not-for-profit performance-rights organization ( PRO ) that protects its members ' musical copyrights by monitoring public performances of their music , whether via a broadcast or live performance , and compensating them accordingly .

The American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers ( ASCAP ) is a not-for-profit performance rights organization .


Some calculators even have the ability to do computer algebra .

A pocket calculator is a small calculator that helps people do arithmetic .


Scientific calculators tend to be higher-priced .

They tend to cost more than pocket calculators .


In doing so , they followed the Cynics , who argued that men and women should wear the same clothing and receive the same kind of education .

In doing so , they followed the Cynics , who argued that men and women should wear the same clothing and get the same kind of education .


Records exist of women in ancient Delphi , Gortyn , Thessaly , Megara and Sparta owning land , the most prestigious form of private property at the time .

Women in ancient Delphi , Gortyn , Thessaly , Megara and Sparta could own land , which was the most prestigious form of private property at the time .


Spartan women rarely married before the age of 20 , and unlike Athenian women who wore heavy , concealing clothes and were rarely seen outside the house , Spartan women wore short dresses and went where they pleased .

Unlike Athenian women who wore heavy , concealing clothes and were rarely seen outside the house , Spartan women wore short dresses and went where they pleased .


The Stoics adopted the views of the Cynics and added them to their own theories of human nature , thus putting their sexual egalitarianism on a strong philosophical basis .

The Stoics adopted the views of the Cynics and added them to their own theories of human nature , thus putting their sexual egalitarianism on a strong footing .


They also saw marriage as a moral companionship between equals rather than a biological or social necessity , and practiced these views in their lives as well as their teachings .

They also saw marriage as a moral companionship between equals rather than a biological or social necessity .


Athenian women could enter into a contract worth less than the value of a `` medimnos of barley '' ( a measure of grain ) , allowing women to engage in petty trading .

Athenian women could enter into a contract worth less than the value of a `` medimnos of barley '' ( a measure of grain ) .


No women ever acquired citizenship in ancient Athens , and therefore women were excluded in principle and practice from ancient Athenian democracy .

No women ever acquired citizenship in ancient Athens , and so they were excluded from ancient Athenian democracy .


Girls as well as boys received an education , and young women as well as young men may have participated in the Gymnopaedia ( `` Festival of Nude Youths '' ) .

Girls as well as boys received an education , and young women as well as young men may have joined in the Gymnopaedia ( `` Festival of Nude Youths '' ) .


Following protracted warfare in the 4th century BC Spartan women owned approximately between 35 % and 40 % of all Spartan land and property .

After many years of war in the 4th century BC , Spartan women owned between 35 % and 40 % of all Spartan land and property .


Slaves , like women , were not eligible for full citizenship in ancient Athens , though in rare circumstances they could become citizens if freed .

Slaves , like free women , were not eligible for full citizenship in ancient Athens , but sometimes , rarely , they could become citizens if freed .


Contrary to these views , the Stoic philosophers argued for equality of the sexes , sexual inequality being in their view contrary to the laws of nature .

Contrary to them , the Stoic philosophers argued for the equality of the sexes .


Until marriage , women were under the guardianship of their father or other male relative , once married the husband became a woman 's kyrios .

Until marriage , women were under the guardianship of their father or other male relative .


Ammonia is directly or indirectly the precursor to most nitrogen-containing compounds .


Earl Zebedee Hooker was born in 1929 in rural Quitman County , Mississippi , outside of Clarksdale .

Earl Hooker was born Earl Zebedee Hooker in Clarksdale , Mississippi .


By 1942 , Hooker was performing on Chicago street corners with childhood friends including Bo Diddley .

While a teen , Hooker played on Chicago street corners , sometimes with Bo Diddley .


Earl Hooker ( January 15 , 1929 - April 21 , 1970 ) was an American Chicago blues guitarist , perhaps best known for his slide guitar playing .

Earl Hooker ( born January 15 , 1929 in Clarksdale , Mississippi ; died April 21 , 1970 in Chicago , Illinois ) was an American blues guitarist .


In chemical kinetics , the rate ( or velocity ) of a reaction mechanism with several steps is often determined by the slowest step , known as the rate-determining step ( RDS ) or rate-limiting step .

In a chemical reaction the slowest step is called the rate-determining step .


In a reaction coordinate , the transition state with the highest energy is the rate-determining step of a given reaction .

This is the step for which the transition state has the highest energy .


Flint is a hard , sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz , categorized as a variety of chert .


It has been made into a consequence of the preceding episode , but the Septuagint precedes it with the notice , `` From the prophecy of Habakkuk , son of Jesus , of the tribe of Levi . ''

It has been made into a consequence of the preceding episode , but the Septuagint precedes it with the notice : `` From the prophecy of Habakkuk , son of Jesus , of the tribe of Levi . ''


The chapter is formed of three independent narratives , which place Daniel at the court of Cyrus , king of the Persians : `` When King Astyages was laid to rest with his ancestors , Cyrus the Persian succeeded to his kingdom . ''

The chapter is formed of three independent narratives , which place the culture-hero Daniel at the court of Cyrus , king of the Persians : `` When King Astyages was laid to rest with his ancestors , Cyrus the Persian succeeded to his kingdom . ''


`` The king has become a Jew ; he has destroyed Bel , and killed the dragon , and slaughtered the priests , '' they say , and demand that Daniel be handed over to them .

`` The king has become a Jew ; he has destroyed Bel , and killed the dragon , and slaughtered the priests , '' they said , and demanded that Daniel be handed over to them .


Daniel remains unharmed in the den with seven lions , fed by the miraculous transportation of the prophet Habakkuk .

Daniel remained unharmed in the den with seven lions , fed by the miraculous transportation of the prophet Habakkuk .


The narrative of Bel and the Dragon is incorporated as chapter 14 of the extended Book of Daniel .

The tale of Bel and the Dragon is from chapter 14 of the Book of Daniel .


They , their wives and children are then put to death , and Daniel is permitted to destroy the idol of Bel and the temple .

The priests and their wives and children are killed , and Daniel is permitted to destroy the idol of Bel and the temple .


In the brief but autonomous companion narrative of the dragon ( 14:23 -30 ) , `` there was a great Dragon , which they of Babylon worshiped . ''

In the brief companion narrative of the Dragon ( 14:23 -30 ) , `` there was a great dragon , which the Babylonians revered . ''


The third narrative ( 14:31 -42 ) , Daniel in the Lions ' Den , is apparently Daniel 's first or second trip .

The third narrative ( 14:31 -42 ) , Daniel in the Lions ' Den , is apparently Daniel 's 1st or 2nd trip .


Daniel then uncovers the ruse ( by scattering ashes over the floor of the temple in the presence of the king after the priests have left ) and shows that the `` sacred '' meal of Bel is actually consumed at night by the priests and their wives and children , who entered through a secret door when the temple 's doors were sealed .

Daniel proves through a ruse that the sacred meal of Bel is actually consumed at night by the seventy priests and their wives and children , who entered through a secret door when the temple 's doors were sealed .


The narrative of Bel ( 14:1 -22 ) ridicules the worship of idols .

The narrative of Bel ( 14:1 -22 ) is a folk tale ridiculing worship .


And he drew him out : and cast those that were the cause of his destruction into the den : and they were devoured in a moment before his face . ''

Then he pulled Daniel out , and threw into the den those who had attempted his destruction , and they were instantly eaten before his eyes . ''


`` Upon the seventh day the king went to bewaile Daniel : and when he came to the den , he looked in , and behold , Daniel was sitting .

When he came to the den he looked in , and there sat Daniel !


On June 6 , 2006 the Church of Satan held the first public ritual Satanic Mass in 40 years at the Steve Allen Theater in the Center for Inquiry in Los Angeles .

On June 6 2006 The Church of Satan held the first public ritual Satanic Mass in 40 years at the Steve Allen Theater in the Center for Inquiry in Los Angeles .


According to the Church of Satan historiography , other LaVey associates from this time include noted Science Fiction and Horror writers Anthony Boucher , August Derleth , Robert Barbour Johnson , Reginald Bretnor , Emil Petaja , Stuart Palmer , Clark Ashton Smith , Forrest J. Ackerman , and Fritz Leiber Jr. .

Other LaVey associates from this time period include noted Science Fiction and Horror writers Anthony Boucher , August Derleth , Robert Barbour Johnson , Reginald Bretnor , Emil Petaja , Stuart Palmer , Clark Ashton Smith , Forrest J. Ackerman , and Fritz Leiber Jr. .


In October 2004 the Royal Navy officially recognized its first registered Satanist , 24-year-old Chris Cranmer , as a technician on the HMS Cumberland .

In October 2004 the Royal Navy officially recognized its first registered Satanist , twenty-four year old Chris Cranmer , as a technician on the HMS Cumberland .


The Central Office of the Church of Satan has also moved from San Francisco to New York City 's Hell 's Kitchen neighborhood , where the couple resides .

The Central Office of the Church of Satan has also moved from San Francisco to New York City 's Hell 's Kitchen neighborhood , where the couple live .


The ritual , based on the rites outlined in The Satanic Bible and The Satanic Rituals , was conducted by Reverend Bryan Moore and Priestess Heather Saenz .

The ritual , based on The Satanic Bible and The Satanic Rituals , was led by Reverend Bryan Moore and Priestess Heather Saenz .


The High Priest and Priestess acting as administrative chiefs and primary public representatives ; each position ( High Priest and High Priestess ) is held by a single individual at a time .

The High Priest and Priestess act as administrative chiefs and the two main public representatives .


Most notably Adam Parfrey 's Feral House publishing , the music of Boyd Rice , musician King Diamond , and the films of Nick Bougas , including his documentary Speak of the Devil : The Canon of Anton LaVey .

Adam Parfrey 's Feral House publishing , the music of Boyd Rice , and the films of Nick Bougas , including his documentary Speak of the Devil : The Canon of Anton LaVey .


The Church of Satan was also featured in a segment of Luigi Scattini 's film Angeli Bianchi , Angeli Neri , released in the United States as Witchcraft ' 70 .

The Church of Satan was also shown in Luigi Scattini 's film Angeli Bianchi , Angeli Neri , which in the United States was known as `` Witchcraft ' 70 '' .


LaVey appeared in Kenneth Anger 's film Invocation of my Demon Brother , acted as technical adviser on The Devil 's Rain , which starred Ernest Borgnine , William Shatner , and introduced John Travolta .

LaVey was also in Kenneth Anger 's film Invocation of my Demon Brother , and helped as a technical adviser in The Devil 's Rain , which starred Ernest Borgnine , William Shatner , and introduced John Travolta .


The Church of Satan does not recognize any other organizations as holding legitimate claim to Satanism and its practice , though it does recognize that one need not be a member of the Church of Satan to be a Satanist .

The Church of Satan does not recognize any other organizations as being Satanist though it does recognize that one does not need to be a member of the Church of Satan to be a Satanist .


This phenomenon became known as the `` Satanic Panic '' .

These stories became known as the Satanic panic .


In the 1960s Anton LaVey formed a group called the Order of the Trapezoid , which later became the governing body of the Church of Satan .

In the 1950s Anton LaVey formed a group called the Order of the Trapezoid , which later became the leaders of the Church of Satan .


The Church of Satan was the subject of a number of books , magazine and newspaper articles during the 1960s and 1970s .

The Church of Satan was in many books , magazine and newspaper articles in the 1960s and 1970s .


In December 2007 the Associated Press reported on a story concerning the Church of Satan , in which a teenager had sent an e-mail to High Priest Gilmore stating he wanted to `` kill in the name of our unholy lord Satan '' .

In December 2007 the Associated Press reported that a teenager had sent an e-mail to the Church of Satan administration saying he wanted to `` kill in the name of our unholy lord Satan . ''


In 2001 , Blanche ceded her position to long-time members Peter H. Gilmore and Peggy Nadramia , the current High Priest and High Priestess and publishers of The Black Flame , the official magazine of The Church of Satan .

Barton is still in the Church ; however , in 2001 she gave her position to long-time members Peter H. Gilmore and Peggy Nadramia , the current High Priest and High Priestess and publishers of The Black Flame , the magazine of The Church of Satan .


The Order of the Trapezoid consists of the individuals who assist in the administration of the Church of Satan .

The Council of Nine , which is the ruling body of the Church of Satan , and the Order of the Trapezoid who help in the administration of the Church of Satan are part of the priesthood .


In the first year of its foundation , Anton LaVey and the Church of Satan publicly performed a Satanic marriage of Judith Case and journalist John Raymond .

In its first year , the Church of Satan was often in the media because they performed a Satanic marriage of Judith Case and journalist John Raymond .


As the Church of Satan does not publicly release membership information , it is not known how many members belong to the Church .

As the Church of Satan does not let people see the membership records , it is not known how many members they have .


The Church of Satan authorizes some Active Members as Agents , qualified to represent the Church of Satan and to explain the philosophy of Satanism to the media and other interested parties .

Some Active Members are called Agents , qualified to explain the Church of Satan and the philosophy of Satanism to the media and others who are interested .


It is also the subject of a documentary , Satanis ( 1970 ) .

A whole documentary , Satanis was also made about it in 1970 .


The Church of Satan was established at the Black House in San Francisco , California , on Walpurgisnacht , April 30 , 1966 , by Anton Szandor LaVey , who was the church 's High Priest until his death in 1997 .

The Church of Satan started in San Francisco , California , on Walpurgis night April 30 1966 , by Anton Szandor LaVey , who was the Church 's High Priest until he died in 1997 .


The group included : `` The Baroness '' Carin de Plessen , Dr. Cecil Nixon , Kenneth Anger , City Assessor Russell Wolden , Donald Werby , and Michael Harner .

Those who came to LaVey 's events included : `` The Baroness '' Carin de Plessen ( who grew up in a Royal Palace in Denmark ) , Dr. Cecil Nixon ( magician , eccentric , and maker of automatons ) , underground filmmaker Kenneth Anger , City Assessor Russell Wolden , Donald Werby ( one of San Francisco 's most influential property owners ) , anthropologist Michael Harner , and writer Shana Alexander .


Gilmore then reported the message to the Federal Bureau of Investigation , who informed local police , who arrested the teenager .

The Church told the Federal Bureau of Investigation about the message , which then told local police who arrested the teenager .


The Nine Satanic Statements outline what `` Satan '' represents in the Church of Satan : The Nine Satanic Sins are regarded as : The Eleven Satanic rules of the Earth have been given as : Pentagonal Revisionism is a plan consisting of five major goals written in 1988 by founder Anton Szandor LaVey : These goals have a secondary purpose , as stated by the author , to allow non-Satanists to determine their alignment with Satanist `` attitudes . ''

The Nine Satanic Statements outline what `` Satan '' represents in the Church of Satan .


In 1975 LaVey phased out the Church 's `` Grotto '' system and eliminated people he thought were using the Church as a substitute for accomplishment in the outside world .

In 1975 LaVey made arguments within the Church of Satan by stopping the Church 's `` Grotto '' system and removing people he thought were using the Church instead of doing things in the outside world .


Members of the Priesthood make up the Council of Nine , which is the ruling body of the Church of Satan .

Memberships may be ended through a decision of the ruling body of the Church of Satan consisting of the High Priest , the High Priestess and the Council of Nine .


While expected to be experts in communicating the Satanic philosophy , members of the Priesthood are not required to speak on behalf of the Church of Satan , and may even choose to keep their affiliation and rank secret in order to better serve their personal goals , as well as those of the organization .

They are expected to be able to speak about the Satanic philosophy , but do not have to represent the Church of Satan publically , and might choose to keep their membership secret so they can do what they want in the world , meet their own goals and those of the Church .


The Church of Satan and its members were very active in producing movies , music , films , and magazines devoted to Satanism .

In the 1980s and 1990s the Church of Satan made many movies , music , films , and magazines about Satanism .


BVI makes an inference as to the body 's distribution of weight and the distribution of muscle and fat , using complex and detailed Body Composition data .

BVI makes an inference as to the body 's distribution of fat and weight using complex and detailed Body Composition data .


BVI is an application that can be used on a 3D Full Body Scanner to determine individual health risk , whether the scanning hardware uses visible light optical information or otherwise .

The BVI is used on a 3D full body scanner to determine the health risk of the person scanned .


People of different age , gender or ethnicity will have different body shapes and recent studies have highlighted the limitations of BMI as an indicator of individual health risk .

Recent studies have shown the limitations of BMI as an indicator of individual health risk .


BVI measures where the weight and the fat are distributed on a person 's body , rather than the total weight or total fat content .

The total weight or total fat content are not used .


The Body Volume Index ( BVI ) is a new measurement for obesity , proposed as an alternative to the Body Mass Index ( BMI ) .

The Body Volume Index is a proposed alternative to the Body Mass Index ( BMI ) .


Whereas the BMI of a person is measured manually by total weight and height , BVI is calculated by using 3D full body data to determine volume or weight distribution .

The BMI can be measured manually , using the height and weight of a person .


A number of medications are useful for preventing further episodes of gout , including xanthine oxidase inhibitor ( including allopurinol and febuxostat ) and uricosurics ( including probenecid and sulfinpyrazone ) .

A number of medications are useful for preventing further episodes of gout , including xanthine oxidase inhibitor ( including allopurinol and febuxostat ) , and uricosurics ( including probenecid and sulfinpyrazone ) .


However , both the white blood cells and ESR may be elevated due to gout in the absence of infection .

Both the white blood cells and ESR may be elevated due to gout in the absence of infection .


Pegloticase is administered as an intravenous infusion every two weeks , and has been found to reduce uric acid levels in this population .

Pegloticase is administered as an intravenous infusion every two weeks and has been found to reduce uric acid levels in this population .


All synovial fluid samples obtained from undiagnosed inflamed joints should be examined for these crystals .

All synovial fluid samples obtained from undiagnosed , inflamed joints should be examined for these crystals .


The metatarsal-phalangeal joint at the base of the big toe is affected most often , accounting for half of cases .

The metatarsal-phalangeal joint at the base of the largest toe is affected most often , accounting for half of cases .


Diuretics have been associated with attacks of gout .

Diuretics are associated with attacks of gout .


Other joints , such as the heels , knees , wrists and fingers , may also be affected .

Other joints , such as the heels , knees , wrists , and fingers , may also be affected .


Urate-lowering measures should be increased until serum uric acid levels are below 300-360 µmol \ / l ( 5.0-6 .0 mg\/dl ) , and are continued indefinitely .

Urate-lowering measures should be increased until serum uric acid levels are below 300-360 µmol \ / L ( 5.0-6 .0 mg\/dL ) .


Colchicine may interact with other commonly prescribed drugs , such as atorvastatin and erythromycin , among others .

Colchicine may interact with other commonly prescribed drugs such as atorvastatin and erythromycin .


Other conditions that look similar include pseudogout and rheumatoid arthritis .

Other conditions which present similarly include pseudogout and rheumatoid arthritis .


Gout was historically known as `` the disease of kings '' or `` rich man 's disease . ''

Gout was historically known as `` the disease of kings '' or `` the disease of rich men '' .


A white blood cell count as high as 40.0 × 109\/l ( 40,000 \ / mm3 ) has been documented .

A white blood cell count as high as 40.0 × 109\/L ( 40,000 \ / mm3 ) has been documented in people with gout .


Gout can present in a number of ways , although the most usual is a recurrent attack of acute inflammatory arthritis ( a red , tender , hot , swollen joint ) .

Gout can present in a number of ways , although the most common is a recurrent attack of intense inflammatory arthritis ( a red , tender , hot , swollen joint ) .


Gouty tophi , in particular when not located in a joint , can be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma , or other neoplasms .

Gouty tophi , especially when not in a joint , can be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma , or other cancers .


High levels of uric acid in the blood ( hyperuricemia ) is the underlying cause of gout .

A very high , abnormal level of uric acid in the blood ( hyperuricemia ) is the basic cause of gout .


A definitive diagnosis of gout is based upon the identification of monosodium urate crystals in synovial fluid or a tophus .

A definitive diagnosis of gout is based upon the identification of monosodium urate ( MSU ) crystals in joint fluid or a tophus .


It is an option for the 3 % of people who are intolerant to other medications .

It will be a treatment option for the 3 % of people who are intolerant to other medications .


About 10 % of people with hyperuricemia develop gout at some point in their lifetimes .

About 10 % of people with hyperuricemia develop gout at some point in their lives .


The immunosuppressive drugs ciclosporin and tacrolimus are also associated with gout , the former more so when used in combination with hydrochlorothiazide .

The immunosuppressive drugs ciclosporin and tacrolimus are also associated with gout .


Hyperuricemia is a classic feature of gout , but it occurs nearly half of the time without hyperuricemia , and most people with raised uric acid levels never develop gout .

Gout occurs nearly half of the time without hyperuricemia and most people with raised uric acid levels never develop gout .


This test is difficult to perform , and often requires a trained observer .

This test is difficult to perform , and often requires a trained technician .


Other medicines that increase the risk include niacin and aspirin ( acetylsalicylic acid ) .

Other medicines associated with causing gout attacks include niacin and aspirin ( acetylsalicylic acid ) .


Other conditions commonly complicated by gout include : polycythemia , lead poisoning , renal failure , hemolytic anemia , psoriasis , and solid organ transplants .

Gout often makes these other problems worse or harder to treat : polycythemia , lead poisoning , renal failure , hemolytic anemia , psoriasis , and solid organ transplants .


They are not recommended until a person has had two attacks of gout , unless destructive joint changes , tophi , or urate nephropathy exist , as medications have not been found cost-effective until this point .

This treatment is not recommended until a person has suffered two gout attacks , unless destructive joint changes , tophi , or urate nephropathy exist .


The consumption of coffee , vitamin C and dairy products , as well as physical fitness , appear to decrease the risk .

Coffee , vitamin C , and dairy products , as well as physical fitness appear to decrease the risk .


Three genes called SLC2A9 , SLC22A12 and ABCG2 have been found commonly to be associated with gout , and variations in them can approximately double the risk .

Two genes called SLC2A9 and ABCG2 are commonly associated with gout .


Long-standing elevated uric acid levels ( hyperuricemia ) may result in other symptomatology , including hard , painless deposits of uric acid crystals known as tophi .

High levels of uric acid in the blood over a long period of time ( hyperuricemia ) may cause other symptoms such as hard , painless deposits of uric acid crystals known as tophi .


Under polarized light microscopy , they have a needle-like morphology and strong negative birefringence .

Under polarized light microscopy , the crystals have a needle-like shape and strong negative birefringence .


The increase is believed due to increasing risk factors in the population , such as metabolic syndrome , longer life expectancy and changes in diet .

Metabolic syndrome , longer life expectancy , and changes in diet are the most common risk factors .


For those at risk of gastric side effects from NSAIDs , an additional proton pump inhibitor may be given .

A proton pump inhibitor may be given to people at risk of experiencing gastric side effects .


In a 24-hour urine excretion of more than 800 mg , which indicates overproduction , a xanthine oxidase inhibitor is preferred .

A 24-hour urine excretion of more than 800 mg indicates overproduction and xanthine oxidase inhibitors are the preferred drugs for providing treatment .


Xanthine oxidase inhibitors ( including allopurinol and febuxostat ) block uric acid production , and long-term therapy is safe and well tolerated , and can be used in people with renal impairment or urate stones , although allopurinol has caused hypersensitivity in a small number of individuals .

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors ( including allopurinol and febuxostat ) block uric acid production .


The most important differential diagnosis in gout is septic arthritis .

The most important diagnosis to rule out in gout is septic arthritis ( an infection in the joint ) .


Other symptoms may rarely occur along with the joint pain , including fatigue and a high fever .

Other symptoms that may rarely occur include fatigue and a high fever .


However , it may also present as tophi , kidney stones , or urate nephropathy .

The disease may also appear as tophi , kidney stones , or urate nephropathy ( kidney disease due to urate crystals ) .


Gout ( also known as podagra when it involves the big toe ) is a medical condition usually characterized by recurrent attacks of acute inflammatory arthritis-a red , tender , hot , swollen joint .

Gout ( also known as podagra when it involves the largest toe ) is a medical condition .


While indomethacin has historically been the most commonly used NSAID , an alternative , such as ibuprofen , may be preferred due to its better side effect profile in the absence of superior effectiveness .

While indomethacin has historically been the most commonly used NSAID , ibuprofen may be preferred due to its lack of side effects .


Improvement may be seen within four hours , and treatment is recommended for one to two weeks .

Improvement may be seen within 4 hours .


It is caused by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood .

High levels of uric acid in the blood may also cause crystals to form in the kidneys .


Its side effects ( primarily gastrointestinal upset ) limit its usage .

Its side effects , primarily gastrointestinal upset limit its use .


Overall , probenecid appears less effective than allopurinol .

Note that probenecid appears to be less effective than allopurinol .


Gout frequently occurs in combination with other medical problems .

Gout often happens with other medical problems .


Gout has become more common in recent decades , affecting about 1-2 % of the Western population at some point in their lives .


They also lead to improvement when injected into the joint ; a joint infection must be excluded , however , as steroids worsens this condition .

A joint infection must be excluded if the condition worsens .


Renal underexcretion of uric acid is the primary cause of hyperuricemia in about 90 % of cases , while overproduction is the cause in less than 10 % .

Overproduction of uric acid is the cause in less than 10 % of all cases .


Chronic lead exposure and lead-contaminated alcohol are risk factors for gout due to the harmful effect of lead on kidney function .

Frequent lead exposure and lead-contaminated alcohol are risk factors for gout because lead harms the kidney function .


A body mass index greater than or equal to 35 increases a male 's risk of gout threefold .

Males have three times the chance of getting gout when the body mass index is greater than or equal to 35 .


NSAIDs are the usual first-line treatment for gout , and no specific agent is significantly more or less effective than any other .

NSAIDs are the most common treatment for gout .


Recent studies have found that other dietary factors once believed associated are , in fact , not , including the intake of purine-rich vegetables ( e.g. , beans , peas , lentils , and spinach ) and total protein .

Eating purine-rich vegetables ( e.g. , beans , peas , lentils , and spinach ) large amounts of protein do not contribute to developing gout .


They are not usually started until one to two weeks after an acute flare has resolved , due to theoretical concerns of worsening the attack , and are often used in combination with either an NSAID or colchicine for the first three to six months .

These medications are often used in combination with either an NSAID or colchicine for the first 3-6 months .