According to one source , early major developments include : The Ancient Greeks also used cosmetics .

Cosmetics used included : The Ancient Greeks also used cosmetics .


Archaeological evidence of cosmetics dates at least from ancient Egypt and Greece .

Archaeological confirms use of cosmetics in ancient Egypt and Greece .


George Walker Bush ( born July 6 , 1946 ) is an American politician and businessman who served as the 43rd President of the United States of America from 2001 to 2009 and the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000 .

George Walker Bush ( born July 6 , 1946 ) is an American politician and businessman who was the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009 .


George Walker Bush was born in New Haven , Connecticut , at Grace-New Haven Hospital ( now Yale - New Haven Hospital ) , on July 6 , 1946 , the first child of George Herbert Walker Bush and Barbara Pierce .

Bush was born in New Haven , Connecticut .


The eldest son of Barbara and George H. W. Bush , he was born in New Haven , Connecticut .

He is the son of former U.S. President George H. W. Bush and former U.S. First Lady Barbara Bush .


Bush finished high school at Phillips Academy , a boarding school ( then all-male ) in Andover , Massachusetts , where he played baseball and during his senior year was the head cheerleader .

He went to a high school called Phillips Academy in Andover , Massachusetts , and graduated in 1964 .


Bush left office in 2009 , and was succeeded as president by Barack Obama , who ran on a platform of change from Bush 's policies .


Osteichthyes are divided into the ray-finned fish ( Actinopterygii ) and lobe-finned fish ( Sarcopterygii ) .

Osteichthyes are a taxonomic superclass of fish , also called bony fish that includes the ray-finned fish ( Actinopterygii ) and lobe finned fish ( Sarcopterygii ) .


It is the largest class of vertebrates in existence today .

Osteichthyes are the most various group of vertebrates , consisting of over 29,000 species , making them the largest class of vertebrates in existence today .


Under this classification systems , the Osteichthyes are paraphyletic with regard to land vertebrates as the common ancestor of all Osteichthyes includes tetrapods amongst its descendants .

The Osteichthyes are paraphyletic with land vertebrates , in some classification schemes the tetrapods are considered to be members of the Osteichthyes for this reason .


A terrestrial planet , telluric planet or rocky planet is a planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals .

A terrestrial planet is mostly made of rock ( silicate ) Earth is the `` original '' terrestrial planet .


All terrestrial planets have approximately the same type of structure : a central metallic core , mostly iron , with a surrounding silicate mantle .

Our terrestrial planets have metallic cores of mostly iron , with rocky mantles and crusts .


The first of these , on February 5 , 1988 featured a WrestleMania III rematch between Hogan and André and drew 33 million viewers and a 15.2 rating , which is still the highest-rated television show in American professional wrestling history .

The first of these , on February 5 , 1988 featured a WrestleMania III rematch between Hogan and André and drew 33 million viewers and a 15.2 rating , which is still the highest-rated television show in professional wrestling history .


Saturday Night 's Main Event was a professional wrestling television program produced by WWE .

Saturday Night 's Main Event was a professional wrestling television show that was aired as a special 36 times by World Wrestling Entertainment .


The Central Collegiate Hockey Association ( CCHA ) was a college athletic conference that participated in the NCAA 's Division I as a hockey-only conference .

The Central Collegiate Hockey Association ( CCHA ) is a group of colleges and universities , mostly in the Midwestern United States plus one in Alaska , who play NCAA Division I hockey against one another every season .


The state shares the Red River of the North with Minnesota on the east ; South Dakota is to the south , Montana is to the west , and the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba are north .

North Dakota is south of Manitoba and Saskatchewan , east of Montana , north of South Dakota , and west of Minnesota .


An omnibus bill for statehood for North Dakota , South Dakota , Montana , and Washington titled the Enabling Act of 1889 was passed on February 22 , 1889 during the administration of Grover Cleveland , but it was left to his successor , Benjamin Harrison , to sign proclamations formally admitting North Dakota and South Dakota to the Union on November 2 , 1889 .

On November 2 , 1889 , North Dakota ( and South Dakota ) became part of the United States .


It is located in the Upper Midwestern region of the United States , bordered by the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba to the north , the states of Minnesota to the east , South Dakota to the south , and Montana to the west .

Montana , South Dakota , and Minnesota are other states in the United States .


, Greek composer Dionysis Boukouvalas 's `` Fantasy on a theme by Steve Reich '' , Canadian composer Paul Frehner 's `` Slowdown . ''

, Greek composer Dionysis Boukouvalas 's `` Fantasy on a theme by Steve Reich '' and Canadian composer Paul Frehner 's `` Slowdown . ''


Music described as piano six hands ( or piano trio ) is for three pianists at one piano , as distinct from piano duet which is music for two pianists at one or two pianos .

Music described as piano six hands is for three pianists at one piano , as distinct from piano duet which is music for two pianists at one piano , and from piano trio which is music for piano , violin and cello .


17 and 741 , Jean Cras 's '' Âmes d'enfants '' , Paul Robinson 's `` Pensees '' and `` Monmartre '' , various pieces by German composer Armin Fuchs , Bulgarian composer Tomislav Baynov 's `` Metrorhythmia 1 '' , John Pitts 's `` Are You Going ? ''

Compositions include 5 pieces by Percy Grainger , Sergei Rachmaninoff 's Romance and Valse , Alfred Schnittke 's Hommage , Carl Czerny 's op .17 and 741 , Jean Cras 's '' Âmes d'enfants '' , Paul Robinson ( composer ) 's `` Pensees '' and `` Monmartre '' , various pieces by German composer Armin Fuchs , Bulgarian composer Tomislav Baynov 's `` Metrorhythmia 1 '' , John Pitts 's `` Are You Going ? ''


Copper ( I ) iodide , also known as cuprous iodide , is a chemical compound .


Copper ( I ) iodide , like most `` binary '' ( containing only two elements ) metal halides , is an inorganic polymer .

Copper does not form a stable copper ( II ) iodide ; copper ( II ) iodide breaks down right away to make copper ( I ) iodide and iodine .


The flower spikes are large and one-sided , with secund , bisexual flowers , each subtended by 2 leathery , green bracts .

The fragrant flower spikes are large and one-sided , with secund , bisexual flowers , each subtended by 2 leathery , green bracts .


In the temperate zones of Europe many of the hybrid large flowering sorts of gladiolus can be pollinated by small well-known wasps .

In the temperate zones of Europe many of the hybrid large flowering sorts of gladiolas can be pollinated by small well-known wasps .


Another insect in this zone which can try some of the nectar of the gladioli is the best-known European Hawk-moth Macroglossum stellatarum which usually pollinates many popular garden flowers like Petunia , Zinnia , Dianthus and others .

Another insect in this zone which can try some of the nectar of the gladioli is the best-known European Hawk-moth Macroglossum stellatarum which usually pollinates many famous garden flowers like Petunia , Zinnia , Dianthus and others .


The South African species were originally pollinated by long-tongued anthrophorine bees , but some changes in the pollination system have occurred , allowing pollination by sunbirds , noctuid and Hawk-moths , long-tongued flies and several others .

The South African species were originally pollinated by long-tongued anthrophorine bees , but some changes in the pollination system have occurred , allowing pollination by sunbirds , noctuid and sphingid moths , long-tongued flies and several others .


Gladiolus ( from Latin , the diminutive of gladius , a sword ) is a genus of perennial bulbous flowering plants in the iris family ( Iridaceae ) .

Gladiolus ( from Latin , the diminutive of gladius , a sword ) is a genus of flowering plants in the iris family ( Iridaceae ) .


In their center must be noticeable the specific pellet-like structure which is the real seed without the fine coat .

In their center must be noticeable the specific pellet like structure which is the real seed without the fine coat .


It is sometimes called the ` Sword lily ' , but usually by its generic name ( plural gladioli ) .

Sometimes called the sword lily , the most widely-used English common name for these plants is simply gladiolus ( plural gladioli , gladioluses or sometimes gladiolas ) .


In some seeds this feature is wrinkled with black color .

In some seeds this structure is wrinkled and with black color .


The Australian Council of National Trusts ( ACNT ) is the peak body for community-based , non-government organizations committed to promoting and conserving Australia 's indigenous , natural and historic heritage .

The Australian Council of National Trusts ( ACNT ) is a national organization for community-based , non-government organizations that promote and conserve Australia 's natural and historic heritage .


The driving force behind the establishment of the National Trust in Australia was Annie Forsyth Wyatt ( 1885-1961 ) .

Annie Forsyth Wyatt ( 1885-1961 ) was the driving force behind the beginning of the National Trust in Australia .


The constituent organizations are : Modelled on the National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty and inspired by local campaigns to conserve native bushland and preserve old buildings , the first Australian national trusts were formed in New South Wales in 1947 , South Australia in 1955 and Victoria in 1956 ; followed later in Western Australia , Tasmania and Queensland .

Local campaigns to conserve native bushland and save old buildings were the forces that led to the first Australian national trusts in New South Wales in 1947 , South Australia in 1955 and Victoria in 1956 .


Around 1,000,000 visitors experience the properties and their collections in Australia each year .

Around 1,000,000 people visit the properties and their collections in Australia each year .


Collectively , the constituent National Trusts own or manage over 300 heritage places ( the majority held in perpetuity ) , and manage a volunteer workforce of 7000 while also employing about 350 people nation-wide .

Together , the National Trusts own or manage over 300 heritage places .


Incorporated in 1965 , it federates the eight autonomous National Trusts in each Australian state and internal self-governing territory , providing them with a national secretariat and a national and international presence .

It provides them with a national office and national and international presence .


The 2006 Commonwealth Games , officially the XVIII Commonwealth Games were held in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia between 15 and 26 March 2006 .

The 2006 Commonwealth Games were held in Melbourne , Australia between 15 and 26 March 2006 .


The mascot for the games was Karak , a Red-tailed Black Cockatoo ( a threatened species ) .

The mascot for the games was Karak , a Red-tailed Black Cockatoo .


Four of these sports are further broken down into separate disciplines , making a total of 24 disciplines : The following venues were used at the 2006 Commonwealth Games .


It was the largest sporting event to be staged in Melbourne , eclipsing the 1956 Summer Olympics in terms of the number of teams competing , athletes competing , and events being held .

It was the largest sporting event to be staged in Melbourne , since the 1956 Summer Olympics .


Lavender background and † indicates that the Medal of Honor was received posthumously .


The Tiffany Cross Medal of Honor arose immediately after World War I , as the US Navy decided to recognize via the Medal of Honor two manners of heroism , one in combat and one in the line of a sailor 's profession .

The Tiffany Cross Medal of Honor was created immediately after World War I . The US Navy decided to recognize via the Medal of Honor two manners of heroism .


Awardees ' medals often had intricate inscriptions .

Recipients medals often had intricate inscriptions .


The attorney general serves as a member of the president 's cabinet , and is the only cabinet department head who is not given the title secretary .

The Attorney General serves as a member of the President 's Cabinet , but is the only cabinet department head who is not given the title Secretary .


The United States Attorney General ( AG ) is the head of the United States Department of Justice ( see 28 U.S.C. § 503 ) concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement officer of the United States government .

The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement officer of the United States government .


Her mother was Henry 's second wife , Anne Boleyn .

She was the daughter of King Henry VIII of England and his second wife , Anne Boleyn .


Elizabeth I ( 7 September 1533 - 24 March 1603 ) was queen regnant of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death .

Elizabeth I of England ( 7 September 1533 - 24 March 1603 ) was the Queen of England , Ireland , and nominal claimant to Queen of France from 17 November 1558 until she died in 1603 .


The expedition was led by her former suitor , Robert Dudley , Earl of Leicester .

Most people believe that she was in love with Robert Dudley , the 1st Earl of Leicester .


Art historian Andre Berne-Joffroy said of him : `` What begins in the work of Caravaggio is , quite simply , modern painting . ''

Andre Berne-Joffroy , Paul Valéry 's secretary , said that : `` What begins in the work of Caravaggio is , quite simply , modern painting . ''


Polk County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa .

Polk County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa .


The first courthouse , a two-story structure , was built in 1846 .

The first courthouse was built in 1846 .


According to the 2000 census , the county has a total area of 591.90 square miles ( 1,533.0 km2 ) , of which 569.35 square miles ( 1,474.6 km2 ) ( or 96.19 % ) is land and 22.55 square miles ( 58.4 km2 ) ( or 3.81 % ) is water .

Of this , 569.35 square miles ( 1,474.6 km2 ) ( or 96.19 % ) is land and 22.55 square miles ( 58.4 km2 ) ( or 3.81 % ) is water .


The county seat is Des Moines , which is also the capital city of Iowa .

Des Moines is also the capital city of Iowa .


Links from non-article namespaces are allowed , but still may need to be disambiguated .

Links from namespaces other than articles are allowed , but still may need to be disambiguated .


Redirects to disambiguation pages ( e.g. residuals redirects to residual , which is a disambiguation page ) are not considered to be within the article namespace for purposes of this guideline .

Redirects to disambiguation pages are not considered to be within the article namespace for purposes of this guideline .


Ideally , article namespace pages should not link to disambiguation pages , except when the ambiguity of a term is being discussed ( as in hatnotes mentioning that a term has other meanings ) ; instead , links should go directly to the appropriate article .

Ideally , article pages should not link to disambiguation pages , except when the ambiguity ( many meanings ) of a term is being described .


Where an article intentionally links to a disambiguation page , that link should be through a `` Foo ( disambiguation ) '' redirect , to make it clear that the link is intentional .

Where an article links to a disambiguation page on purpose , that link should be through a ( ( Foo ( disambiguation ) ) ) redirect , to make it clear that the link is on purpose .


Denslow illustrated an edition of traditional nursery rhymes titled Denslow 's Mother Goose ( 1901 ) , along with Denslow 's Night Before Christmas ( 1902 ) and the 18-volume Denslow 's Picture Books series ( 1903-04 ) .

Denslow illustrated Denslow 's Mother Goose in 1901 , and Denslow 's Night Before Christmas in 1902 .


He also created the comic strip Billy Bounce , notable as one of the earliest comic strips in which the protagonist has some manner of super powers .

He created the comic strip `` Billy Bounce '' .


Besides The Wonderful Wizard of Oz , Denslow also illustrated Baum 's books By the Candelabra 's Glare , Father Goose : His Book , and Dot and Tot of Merryland .

Denslow illustrated L. Frank Baum 's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and other books by Baum .


William Wallace `` W. W. '' Denslow ( May 25 , 1856 - May 27 , 1915 ) was an American illustrator and caricaturist remembered for his work in collaboration with author L. Frank Baum , especially his illustrations of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz .

William Wallace Denslow ( 5 May 1856 - 27 May 1915 ) is known as W. W. Denslow .


Salland is a historical dominion in the west and north of the present Dutch province of Overijssel .

Salland is a historical region in the west and north of the present Dutch province of Overijssel .


The borders of Salland are not well defined , but the largest area which may be indicated by Salland , corresponding to the historical dominion , is bound to the west by the provincial border with Gelderland , which is partly formed by river IJssel ; to the north by the Meppelerdiep stream and the provincial border with Drente , which partly consists of the Reest stream ; to the east by the borders with the German state of Lower Saxony and the eastern Overijssel region of Twente ; and to the south by the border with the Gelderland region of Achterhoek , part of which is formed by the Schipbeek stream , with other words Salland is all of Overijssel with the exception of Twente and the region known in Dutch as `` Kop van Overijssel '' .

Salland is bound to the west by the provincial border with Gelderland , which is partly formed by river IJssel ; to the north by the Meppelerdiep stream and the provincial border with Drenthe , which partly consists of the Reest stream ; to the east by the borders with the German state of Lower Saxony and the eastern Overijssel region of Twente ; and to the south by the border with the Gelderland region of Achterhoek , part of which is formed by the Schipbeek stream .


Maureen Ann `` Moe '' Tucker ( born August 26 , 1944 , in Levittown , New York ) is a musician best known for having been the drummer for the rock group the Velvet Underground .

Maureen ( `` Mo '' or `` Moe '' ) Tucker ( born August 26 , 1944 in Levittown , New York ) is an American musician , best known as the drummer for the Velvet Underground , a band from the 1960s and early 1970s .


She played standing up rather than seated ( for easier access to the bass drum ) , using a simplified drum kit of tom toms , a snare drum and an upturned bass drum , playing with mallets rather than drumsticks .

Tucker turned her bass drum on its side , and began playing with mallets instead of drumsticks , standing up .


Tipper Gore , wife of Vice President Al Gore , was active in several campaigns to remove material she found objectionable from popular American entertainment like movies , television shows and music , starting when her husband was a senator .

Tipper Gore , wife of Vice President Al Gore of Tennessee , was active in several campaigns to remove indecent material from popular American entertainment like movies , television shows and music , starting when her husband was a senator .


Second Lady of the United States is an informal title for the wife of the Vice President of the United States , coined in contrast to the First Lady ( who is almost always the wife of the president ) .

The Second Lady of the United States is the wife of the Vice President of the United States .


Although the role of the First Lady as White House hostess dates from the beginning of the republic ( and was typically filled by another member of the president 's family if the president was unmarried or a widower ) , with a few exceptions , it was generally not until the late 20th century and early 21st century that vice-presidential wives took on public roles that attracted significant media attention .

The name took shape as late 20th century and early 21st century vice presidential wives took on public policy roles that attracted a great deal of media attention .


Edward Winslow lost his wife Elizabeth on March 24 , 1621 .

Edward Winslow had lost his wife Elizabeth on March 24 , 1621 .


In 1646 , Winslow began working for Oliver Cromwell , Lord Protector .

In 1646 , Winslow began working for Oliver Cromwell .


In 1613 Edward Winslow was apprenticed to a London printer .

In 1613 Winslow was apprenticed to a London printer .


Also in Winslow Cemetery is a memorial stone w\/plaque stating `` Edward Winslow , Founder of Marshfield '' .

There is another memorial stone w\/plaque stating `` Edward Winslow , Founder of Marshfield '' .


Merchant Adventurer investment group agent Thomas Weston assisted them in this venture by providing the ship Mayflower for their journey .

Thomas Weston helped them by providing the ship Mayflower for their journey .


And just a month and half later , on May 12 , 1621 , Edward Winslow and Susanna White became the first couple to marry in Plymouth Colony .

In 1621 , Edward Winslow and Susanna White became the first couple to marry in Plymouth Colony .


Traveling on the Mayflower in company with the Winslows were his brother Gilbert and family servant\/employee George Soule and a youth , Elias Story .

Winslow 's brother Gilbert and family servant George Soule and a youth , Elias Story went with him .


Elinor ( Ellen ) More , a girl of eight years , also went with them Elinor perished the winter of 1620 with only one brother Richard More surviving .


In 1617 Edward Winslow traveled to Leiden , Holland and worked with William Brewster as a printer .

It was illegal to be a Separatist in England , so in 1617 Edward Winslow moved to Leiden , Netherlands where he worked with William Brewster .


Winslow Cemetery in Marshfield , Massachusetts has a stone monument to `` The Settlers of Green Harbor Marshfield '' with the name of Edward Winslow and his wife Susannah ( White ) and many others .

Winslow Cemetery in Marshfield , Massachusetts has a stone monument which lists the names of the Winslow family .


The Mayflower Compact was signed that day .


In the spring of 1621 , Winslow and the others attended what would become known as the first Thanksgiving .

In 1621 , Winslow and the others attended what would have the first Thanksgiving .


Winslow had established a friendship with native leader Massasoit , whose people were trading with the colonists .

Winslow had a friendship with native leader Massasoit .


King James I ordered Brewster 's arrest , and when the king 's men came to seize him , he was forced into hiding , first in Holland and later in England .

The English King ordered Brewster 's arrest , and he was forced to hide .


The small , 100-foot ship had 102 passengers and a crew of about 30-40 in extremely cramped conditions .

There were 102 passengers and 30-40 crew .


The Mayflower departed Plymouth , England on September 6\/16 , 1620 .

Edward Winslow left Plymouth , England on 16 September 1620 .


By the early 1640s England was engaged in a great civil war .


The following year , despite the adversities of the winter , the colonists were able to load the Fortune for England with enough furs and other supplies to pay for over half of their indebtedness to the Merchant Adventurers , but the ship was attacked by the French as it came near the English coast and all the cargo was taken by the privateers .

The next year they were able to load the ship Fortune with furs and other supplies .


Edward Winslow ( October 18 , 1595 - May 8 , 1655 ) was a Separatist who traveled on the Mayflower in 1620 .

Edward Winslow ( 1595 - May 8 , 1655 ) traveled on the Mayflower in 1620 so he could practice his own religion which was not allowed in England .


Not all virus infections produce a protective immune response in this way .

Not all virus infections produce a protective immune response .


Their genomic dsRNA remains protected inside the core of the virion .

The genomic dsRNA remains protected inside the core of the virion .


Cells such as the macrophage are specialists at this antigen presentation .

Cells such as macrophages are specialists at this ` antigen presentation ' .


However , some viruses including those that cause AIDS and viral hepatitis evade these immune responses and result in chronic infections .

However , some viruses including those causing AIDS and viral hepatitis evade these immune responses and result in chronic infections .


Most DNA viruses are entirely dependent on the host cell 's DNA and RNA synthesising machinery , and RNA processing machinery ; however , viruses with larger genomes may encode much of this machinery themselves .

Most DNA viruses are entirely dependent on the host cell 's DNA and RNA synthesising machinery , and RNA processing machinery .


In general , viruses are much smaller than bacteria .

Viruses are much smaller than bacteria .


They are susceptible to antiviral drugs that inhibit the reverse transcriptase enzyme , e.g. zidovudine and lamivudine .

They are susceptible to antiviral drugs that inhibit the reverse transcriptase enzyme .


These persistent viruses evade immune control by sequestration , blockade of antigen presentation , cytokine resistance , evasion of natural killer cell activities , escape from apoptosis , and antigenic shift .

These persistent viruses evade immune control by sequestration ( hiding away ) ; blocking antigen presentation ; cytokine resistance ; evading natural killer cell activity ; escape from apoptosis ( cell death ) , and antigenic shift ( changing surface proteins ) .


All RNA viruses use their own RNA replicase enzymes to create copies of their genomes .79 DNA viruses The genome replication of most DNA viruses takes place in the cell 's nucleus .


An enormous variety of genomic structures can be seen among viral species ; as a group , they contain more structural genomic diversity than plants , animals , archaea , or bacteria .

As a group they contain more structural genomic diversity than plants , animals , archaea , or bacteria .


When the adaptive immune system of a vertebrate encounters a virus , it produces specific antibodies that bind to the virus and often render it non-infectious .

When it meets a virus , it produces specific antibodies that bind to the virus and render it non-infectious .


Rotaviruses have evolved to avoid this defense mechanism by not uncoating fully inside the cell , and releasing newly produced mRNA through pores in the particle 's inner capsid .

Rotaviruses avoid this by not uncoating fully inside the cell and by releasing newly produced mRNA through pores in the particle 's inner capsid .


This comprises cells and other mechanisms that defend the host from infection in a non-specific manner .

This has cells and other mechanisms which defend the host from any infection .


Plant viruses tend to have single-stranded RNA genomes and bacteriophages tend to have double-stranded DNA genomes .96 \ / 99 Viral populations do not grow through cell division , because they are acellular .


Reverse transcribing viruses with RNA genomes ( retroviruses ) , use a DNA intermediate to replicate , whereas those with DNA genomes ( pararetroviruses ) use an RNA intermediate during genome replication .

Those with DNA genomes ( pararetroviruses ) use an RNA intermediate during genome replication .


In eukaryotes the viral genome must cross the cell 's nuclear membrane to access this machinery , while in bacteria it need only enter the cell .5478 Reverse transcribing viruses Reverse transcribing viruses with RNA genomes ( retroviruses ) use a DNA intermediate to replicate .


A second defense of vertebrates against viruses is called cell-mediated immunity and involves immune cells known as T cells .

It involves immune cells known as T cells .


When such a virus infects a cell , it releases its RNA molecule or molecules , which immediately bind to a protein complex called a dicer that cuts the RNA into smaller pieces .

When such a virus infects a cell , it releases its RNA molecule .


Viruses can have a lipid `` envelope '' derived from the host cell membrane .


The life cycle of viruses differs greatly between species but there are six basic stages in the life cycle of viruses :75 \ / 91 The genetic material within virus particles , and the method by which the material is replicated , varies considerably between different types of viruses .


This means that the cells of the innate system recognize , and respond to , pathogens in a generic way , but , unlike the adaptive immune system , it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the host .

The cells of the innate system recognize , and respond to , pathogens in a general way .


A virus has either a DNA or an RNA genome and is called a DNA virus or an RNA virus , respectively .

There are millions of different types of viruses , but only about 5,000 of them have been described in detail .49 A virus has either RNA or DNA genes and is called an RNA virus or a DNA virus respectively .


Examples of the second type are the Hepadnaviridae , which includes Hepatitis B virus .88 \ / 9 The body 's first line of defense against viruses is the innate immune system .


Other viruses , called neurotropic viruses , are disseminated by neural spread where the immune system may be unable to reach them .

Other viruses , called neurotropic viruses , move along nerves to places the immune system can not reach .


Bacteria , like plants , have strong cell walls that a virus must breach to infect the cell .

The viruses are released and are then able to infect other cells .


Such financing can be used to pay for a house , send a child to college , or pay off one 's debts .

Such financing can be used to pay for a house , send a child to college , or pay debts .


Such financing will need the approval of a judge and the insurance company .

Such financing need to be approved by judge and the insurance company .


Basically , such companies allow one to switch , for example , a structured settlement payment of over 20 years to one ( lesser-valued ) payment now .

Basically such companies allow person to switch 20 yearly payments over 20 years to 1 instant payment of lower value .


Structured settlement payments are sometimes called periodic payments and when incorporated into a trial judgment is called a `` periodic payment judgment . ''

Structured Settlements and Periodic Payment Judgements .


Federal structured settlement laws include sections of the ( federal ) Internal Revenue Code .

Structured Settlement is being regulated by law in the section of Internal Revenue Code .


§ 47-18-2601 A purchaser of a structured settlement is an individual or company who buys a pre-existing structured settlement .

However there are companies offering to buy such a structured settlement for upfront money .


The Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media has been awarded since 1988 and is awarded to songs written for films , television , video games or other visual media .

The Grammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture , Television or Other Visual Media has been awarded since 1988 .


In 1991 , the French government decided to create `` French Poles of Research and Higher Education '' .

In 1991 , the French government decided to create the `` French Poles of Research and Higher Education '' .


It gathers 21 public universities , Grandes Écoles and National Research Center , covering nearly the whole spectrum of sciences ( fundamental , engineering , business ) .

It groups 21 public universities and the national research center .


One of Pollard 's attempts to advertise his stallion involved letting one of his ranch hands take the horse to a local jackpot roping .

One of Pollard 's attempts to advertise his stallion involved letting one of his ranch hands take the stallion to a local jackpot roping .


Five of Lightning Bar 's foals earned AQHA Championships : Cactus Comet , Crash Bang , Lightning Rey , Pana Bar and Relampago Bar ; Lightning Rey earned a Supreme Championship .

Five of Lightning Bar 's foals earned AQHA Championships : Cactus Comet , Crash Bang , Lightning Rey , Pana Bar and Relampago Bar .


Another time , Pollard remarked that `` Someone once said that a man deserves one good woman and one good dog in his lifetime .

Another time , Pollard said that `` Someone once said that a man deserves one good woman and one good dog in his lifetime .


Lightning Bar was sired by Three Bars , a Thoroughbred stallion later inducted into the AQHA Hall of Fame .

He was fathered by Three Bars , a Thoroughbred stallion later inducted into the AQHA Hall of Fame .


Two stakes races were run in Lightning Bar 's memory , the first at Los Alamitos Race track in California for one year in 1961 .

Two stakes races were run in his memory , the first one at Los Alamitos Racetrack for one year in 1961 .


His most famous son was Doc Bar , who was also inducted into the Hall of Fame .

Lightning Bar 's most famous son was Doc Bar , who also was inducted into the Hall of Fame .


When Lightning Bar was about five days old Pollard was afraid that he had leg problems and was buck-kneed , and considered putting the colt to sleep .

When Lightning Bar was about 5 days old , Pollard was afraid that he had leg problems and was buck-kneed .


Pollard assumed that the hand would just ride Lightning Bar around and show him off , but he later discovered that more was involved .

Pollard assumed that the employee would just ride Lightning Bar around and show him off .


His dam was Della P , a daughter of the Thoroughbred stallion Doc Horn .

Lightning Bar 's mother was Della P , a daughter of the Thoroughbred stallion Doc Horn .


He was inducted into the American Quarter Horse Association 's ( AQHA ) Hall of Fame in 2008 .

Lightning Bar was inducted into the American Quarter Horse Association 's ( AQHA 's ) American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame in 2008 .


When mature , the sorrel-colored Lightning Bar stood 15.2 hands ( 62 inches , 157 cm ) tall and weighed about 1,250 pounds ( 570 kg ) .

When mature , Lightning Bar stood 15.2 hands ( or 62 inches ( 160 cm ) ) tall and weighed about 1,250 pounds ( 570 kg ) .


Lightning Bar started on the racetrack ten times , winning four races , coming in second three times , and third once .

Lightning Bar started ten times on the racetrack .


The second ran from 1962 to 1966 at Ruidoso Downs in New Mexico .

The second ran from 1962 to 1966 and was at Ruidoso Downs in New Mexico .


Of his foals , 108 started races , and 77 won , earning a total of $ 476,949 .

108 of his foals started races , and 77 of them won races , with a total of $ 476,949 total earnings .


His second dam , or maternal grandmother , was a mare who was never given a name , sired by Old D. J. Art Pollard purchased Della P from `` Dink '' Parker for $ 1,750 ( approximately $ 17,200 as of 2014 ) in the late 1940s .

His maternal grandmother , was a mare who was never given a name and was sired by Old D. J. Art Pollard bought Della P from `` Dink '' Parker for $ 1,750 ( $ 15,490 as of 2014 ) in the late 1940s .


Lightning Bar sired 148 foals in his eight breeding seasons , and 118 of those foals went on to either race or show careers .

Lightning Bar sired 148 foals in his eight breeding seasons .


Lightning Bar was inducted into the AQHA 's American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame in 2008 .

Lightning Bar was inducted into the American Quarter Horse Association 's American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame in 2008 .


Lightning Bar died in June 1960 from colitis-X , a disease of unknown origin that can kill rapidly and without warning .

Lightning Bar died in June 1960 from Colitis-X , a virus of unknown origin that can kill quickly without warning .


He said later that `` it was a nightmare when they were wiped out .

Pollard later said about the loss of his horses that `` it was a nightmare when they were wiped out .


He equalled one track record for two-year-olds at the Los Angeles County Fair race meeting in Pomona , California , running 330 yards ( 300 m ) in 17.2 seconds .

He did equal one track record for two-year-olds at Pomona Racetrack , running 330 yards ( 300 m ) in 17.2 seconds .


Lightning Bar ( 1951-1960 ) was an American Quarter Horse who raced and subsequently became a breeding stallion .

Lightning Bar was an American Quarter Horse racehorse and breeding stallion .


Heartbroken , Pollard sold his remaining stock and did not return to the Quarter Horse business for 15 years .

Pollard was so heart-broken , he sold off his remaining stock and did not return to the Quarter Horse business for 15 years .


Della P was bred in Louisiana , a leader in breeding short distance racehorses between 1900 and 1940 , and was taken to Arizona by Parker .

Della P was bred in Louisiana , which was a leading state breeding short distance racehorses during the years 1900-1940 .


In 1960 Lightning Bar died of an intestinal infection at the age of nine .

Lightning Bar died in 1960 from disease , at the age of 9 .


He sought Parker 's advice , and as Pollard later related the story , `` Dink just looked at me and shook his head .

Pollard later said about the story , `` Dink just looked at me and shook his head .


The first year Lightning Bar stood as a breeding stallion his stud fee , the amount charged to breed a mare to him , was $ 250 ( approximately $ 2,200 as of 2014 ) but only nine mares were bred to him .

The first year Lightning Bar stood as a breeding stallion , his stud fee , or the fee charged to breed a mare to him , was $ 250 ( $ 1,982 as of 2014 ) .


As a breeding stallion he sired seven crops , or years , of foals , among whom Doc Bar was the best known .

As a breeding stallion , he only fathered eight crops of foals , but fathered a number of important horses .


In addition , Lightning Bar 's offspring earned $ 1,163.32 in National Cutting Horse Association sanctioned cattle cutting competitions , and four earned a Superior Halter Horse title from the AQHA .

His offspring earned $ 1,163.32 in National Cutting Horse Association competition .


The next year , he bred 11 mares , but in 1956 , he bred 102 mares at $ 500 ( approximately $ 4,300 as of 2014 ) each .


After his racing career Lightning Bar went on to become a show horse , earning 18 open halter points with the AQHA , and an AQHA Champion award in 1955 .

He earned an AQHA Champion award in 1955 .


Among those finishes , he ran second and third in two stakes races , a type of race for higher quality horses with a higher payout .

Among those finishes , he ran second and third in two stakes races .


His racing career was cut short by illness after only one year , following which he spent two years as a show horse .

His racing career was cut short by illnesses .


Foaled , or born , in 1951 , Lightning Bar was bred to be a race horse , but injuries and bouts of illnesses kept him from racing past the age of two .

Born in 1951 , Lightning Bar was bred to be a racehorse .


Lightning Bar raced for only one year , as he suffered from bouts of pneumonia , strangles , and leg injuries .

He only raced for one year , as he suffered from pneumonia , distemper , and injured legs .


It infected many of Pollard 's horses ; of those affected only three survived .

The virus infected a large number of Pollard 's horses .


His total earnings on the track were $ 1,491 ( approximately $ 13,100 as of 2014 ) , and his highest speed index , or comparative rating of his speed , was AAA , the highest achievable at the time .

His highest speed index , or comparative rating of his speed , was AAA .


His breeder , Art Pollard , owned him for the horse 's entire life .

He was bred by Art Pollard , who owned him his entire life .


The first hearing aids were ear trumpets , and were created in the 17th century .

Before hearing aids were invented , people used `` ear trumpets '' also called ear horns .


Some of the first hearing aids were external hearing aids .

The two most common types of modern hearing aids are behind the ear aids and in the ear aids .


The filing of patents on vaccine development processes can also be viewed as an obstacle to the development of new vaccines .

The filing of patents on vaccine development processes can be viewed as an obstacle to the development of new vaccines .


Pharmaceutical firms and biotechnology companies have little incentive to develop vaccines for these diseases , because there is little revenue potential .

Pharmaceutical firms and biotechnology companies have little incentive to develop vaccines for these diseases , because there is little revenue potential , the financial and other risks are great .


Thiomersal is more effective against bacteria , has a better shelf-life , and improves vaccine stability , potency , and safety ; but , in the U.S. , the European Union , and a few other affluent countries , it is no longer used as a preservative in childhood vaccines , as a precautionary measure due to its mercury content .

Thiomersal is more effective against bacteria , has better shelf life , and improves vaccine stability , potency , and safety , but in the U.S. , the European Union , and a few other rich countries , it is no longer used as a preservative in childhood vaccines , as a precautionary measure due to its mercury content .


Some religious groups do not allow vaccination , and some political groups oppose mandatory vaccination on the grounds of individual liberty .

Some religious groups do not allow uses of vaccines , and some political groups oppose mandatory vaccination on the grounds of individual liberty .


Even if the host develops antibodies , the human immune system is not perfect and in any case the immune system might still not be able to defeat the infection immediately .

Even if the host develops antibodies , the immune system might still not be able to defeat the infection .


There are several types of vaccines in use .

There are many types of vaccines currently in use .


The agent stimulates the body 's immune system to recognize the agent as foreign , destroy it , and keep a record of it , so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters .

Then the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of the microorganisms that it later encounters .


Most vaccine development to date has relied on `` push '' funding by government , universities and non-profit organizations .

Most vaccine development to date has relied on governments , universities and non-profit organizations .


One challenge in vaccine development is economic : Many of the diseases most demanding a vaccine , including HIV , malaria and tuberculosis , exist principally in poor countries .

The diseases most demanding a vaccine , HIV , malaria and tuberculosis , exist principally in poor countries .


Beside the active vaccine itself , the following excipients are commonly present in vaccine preparations : Many vaccines need preservatives to prevent serious adverse effects such as Staphylococcus infection , which in one 1928 incident killed 12 of 21 children inoculated with a diphtheria vaccine that lacked a preservative .

Absence of any preservative in vaccine may result in adverse effects , such as Staphylococcus infection that , in one 1928 incident , killed 12 of 21 children inoculated with a diphtheria vaccine that lacked a preservative .


Although the benefits of preventing suffering and death from serious infectious diseases greatly outweigh the risks of rare adverse effects following immunization , disputes have arisen over the morality , ethics , effectiveness , and safety of vaccination .

Although the benefits of using vaccines in preventing suffering and death from infectious diseases greatly outweigh the risks of rare adverse effects following administration of vaccines , disputes have arisen over the morality , ethics , effectiveness , safety of using vaccines or that vaccine safety studies are inadequate .


Vaccines can be prophylactic ( example : to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by any natural or `` wild '' pathogen ) , or therapeutic ( e.g. , vaccines against cancer are also being investigated ; see cancer vaccine ) .

Vaccines can be prophylactic ( e.g. to make the effects of a future infection by any natural pathogen less dangerous or stop them completely ) , or therapeutic ( e.g. vaccines against cancer ) .


A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe , its toxins or one of its surface proteins .

A vaccine often contains something like a germ that has been weakened or killed or the germ 's toxins .


Adjuvants are typically used to boost immune response .

The efficacy is dependent on a number of factors : Adjuvants usually boost immune response .


Examples include the viral diseases yellow fever , measles , rubella , and mumps , and the bacterial disease typhoid .

In the 20th century vaccines were introduced against diphtheria , measles , mumps , and rubella .


Several preservatives are available , including thiomersal , phenoxyethanol , and formaldehyde .

In vaccine preparations beside the active vaccine itself , the following components are commonly present : Preservatives in vaccines , such as thiomersal , phenoxyethanol , and formaldehyde , prevent serious adverse effects .


Only American films were nominated for the award until 1952 .

Only American movies were nominated for the award until 1952 .


The Academy Award for Animated Short Film is an award which has been given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences as part of the Academy Awards every year since the 5th Academy Awards , covering the year 1931-32 , to the present .

The Academy Award for Animated Short Film is an award given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences .


This category was known as `` Short Subjects , Cartoons '' from 1932 until 1970 , and as `` Short Subjects , Animated Films '' from 1971 to 1973 .

This category was known as `` Short Subjects , Cartoons '' from 1932 until 1970 .


Both the larvae of the death watch beetle ( Xestobium rufovillosum ) and the common furniture beetle ( Anobium punctatum ) will tunnel through wood and paper if it is nearby the wood .

Both the larvae of the death watch beetle ( Xestobium rufovillosum ) and the common furniture beetle ( Anobium punctatum ) will go through wood and if paper is nearby they will pass into that .


Two moths , Tineola bisselliella and Hofmannophila pseudospretella , will attack cloth bindings .

Tineola bisselliella and Hofmannophila pseudospretella will attack cloth bindings .


The bookworm moth ( Heliothis zea or H. virescens ) and its larvae are not interested in books : the larvae are pests for cotton or tobacco growers as the cotton bollworm or tobacco budworm .

The bookworm moth ( Heliothis zea or H. virescens ) and its larvae are not interested in books .


Leather-bound books attract various other consumers , such as Dermestes lardarius and the larvae of Attagenus unicolor and Stegobium paniceum .

Leather-bound books attract lots of bugs , like the Dermestes lardarius and the larvae of Attagenus unicolor and Stegobium paniceum .


These are tiny ( under 1 mm ) , soft-bodied wingless Psocoptera ( usually Trogium pulsatorium ) , which actually feed on microscopic molds and other organic matter found in ill-maintained works ( e.g. , cool , damp , dark , and undisturbed areas of archives , libraries , and museums ) , although they will also attack bindings and other book parts .

A tiny ( under 1 mm ) , soft-bodied wingless psocoptera ( usually Trogium pulsatorium ) .


A major book-feeding insect is the book or paper louse ( also known as booklouse or paperlouse ) .

A major book-feeding insect is the booklouse ( or book louse ) .


Its capital is the city of Kandahar , which is located on the Arghandab River .


Kandahar ( Pashto : کندھار ) \ / ( Persian : قندهار ) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan , located in the southern part of the country next to Pakistan .

Kandahar or Qandahar ( Pashto : کندھار or قندهار ) ( Persian : قندهار ) is one of the largest of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan .


Each term at the college has a single primary sport : There are also alternative sports , including football , cross country , swimming , golf , tennis , squash , rowing , sailing , rugby fives , Fives and rounders .

However there are also other sports played , such as football , cross country , swimming , golf , tennis , squash , rowing , sailing & rugby fives .


The College was founded by the Duke of Devonshire and other prominent Eastbourne citizens in 1867 and has been growing ever since .

The College was started by the Duke of Devonshire in 1867 and has been growing ever since .


The College 's current headmaster is Simon Davies .


Eastbourne College is a British co-educational independent school for day and boarding pupils aged 13-18 , situated on the south coast of England , included in the Tatler list of top public schools .

Eastbourne College is a British co-educational day and boarding school for children aged 13-18 .


He was Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia from 1947 to 1956 .

He was Minister President of North Rhine-Westphalia from 1947 to 1956 .


In 1924 , he became secretary of the Christian workers union for the Düsseldorf region .

He became Secretary of the Düsseldorf District of the Christian trade union in 1924 .


Arnold was born in Herrlishöfen in Württemberg on 21 March 1901 .

Karl Arnold ( born 21 March 1901 in Herrlishöfen , died 29 June 1958 in Düsseldorf ) was a German politician .


On January 29 , 1946 , Arnold was named mayor of Düsseldorf and later elected in the first free elections ( October 26 , 1946 ) .

He was elected mayor in the first free elections on 26 October 1946 .


On 7 September 1949 , he was elected as the first president of the federal Bundesrat of Germany .

From 7 September 1949 to 6 September 1950 he was the first President of the Bundesrat .


In 1945 , he was co-founder of the local Christian-Democratic Party in Düsseldorf , which became part of the CDU later in 1945 .


This massive eruptive event spanned the Permian-Triassic boundary , about 250 million years ago , and is cited as a possible cause of the Permian-Triassic extinction event .

This massive eruptive event spanned the Permian-Triassic boundary , about 250 million years ago , and is widely cited as a cause of the Permian-Triassic extinction event .


Life on land took at least 30 million years to fully recover from the environmental disruptions which may have been caused by the eruption of the Siberian Traps .

Life on land took 30 million years to recover from the environmental disruptions caused by the eruption of the Siberian Traps .


The Siberian Traps are considered to have erupted via numerous vents over a period of roughly a million years or more , probably east and south of Norilsk in Siberia .

The Siberian Traps are considered to have erupted through numerous vents over a period of a million years or more , probably east and south of Norilsk in Siberia .


Vast volumes of basaltic lava paved over a large expanse of primeval Siberia in a flood basalt event .

Vast volumes of basaltic lava paved over a large expanse of primaeval Siberia in a flood basalt event .


Today the area covered is about 2 million km2-roughly equal to western Europe in land area-and estimates of the original coverage are as high as 7 million km2 .

Today the area covered is about 2 million km ² - roughly equal to western Europe in land area - and estimates of the original coverage are as high as 7 million km ² .


The giant Norilsk-Talnakh nickel-copper-palladium deposit formed within the magma conduits in the main part of the Siberian Traps .

The giant Norilsk nickel-copper-palladium deposit formed within the magma flows in the main Siberian Traps .


The Siberian Traps ( Russian : Сибирские траппы , Sibirskije trappy ) form a large region of volcanic rock , known as a large igneous province , in Siberia , Russia .

The Siberian Traps form a large region of volcanic rock , known as a large igneous province , in the Russian region of Siberia .


The massive eruptive event which formed the traps , one of the largest known volcanic events of the last 500 million years of Earth 's geological history , continued for a million years and spanned the Permian-Triassic boundary , about 251 to 250 million years ago .

They continued for a million years and spanned the Permian-Triassic boundary , about 251 to 250 million years ago .


The source of the Siberian Traps basalt has variously been attributed to a mantle plume which impacted the base of the earth 's crust and erupted through the Siberian Craton , or to processes related to plate tectonics .

The source of the Siberian Traps basalt was , probably , a mantle plume at the base of the crust which erupted through the Siberian craton ( the oldest part of the Siberian continental plate ) .


The original volume of lava is estimated to range from 1 million to 4 million km3 .

The original volume of lava is estimated to range from 1 to 4 million km ³ .


Seven years later , the third installment , The Mummy : Tomb of the Dragon Emperor , opened on August 1 , 2008 .

A third movie was then first seen by people on August 1 , 2008 and is called The Mummy : Tomb of the Dragon Emperor .


The box-office success led to a 2001 sequel , The Mummy Returns , as well as The Mummy : The Animated Series , and the spin-off film The Scorpion King .


Originally intended to be part of a low-budget horror series , the movie was eventually turned into a blockbuster adventure film .

The movie was first going to be to be part of a few low-budget movies but was later given the money it needed to be made into a big Hollywood movie .


Toner particles are melted by the heat of the fuser , and bound to the paper .

Toner particles are melted by the heat of the fuser , and bind to the paper .


Current machines feed directly from a sealed laser toner cartridge .

Current machines feed from a sealed cartridge which is normally a proprietary design .


It can be an irritant to people with respiratory conditions such as asthma or bronchitis .

It can be very painful to people with respiratory conditions such as asthma or bronchitis .


As a fine powder , toner can remain suspended in the air for some period , and is considered to have health effects comparable to inert dust .

Since toner is a fine dust , it can remain in the air for a long time , and is considered to have health effects similar to inert dust .


In earlier machines , this low-cost carbon toner was poured by the user from a bottle into a reservoir in the machine .

In early machines , the user had to pour the toner into a reservoir on the machine itself .


Toner is a powder used in laser printers and photocopiers to form the printed text and images on the paper .

Toner is a powder commonly used in photocopiers and Laser printers to draw images and text onto paper .


Until the military coup of 12 September 1980 Belge Publishing House mostly published academic and theoretical books .

Until the military coup of 12 September 1980 , Belge Publishing House mostly published academic and theoretical books .


Since his wife 's death in 2002 , Zarakolu continued to face further prosecutions .

Since his wife 's death in 2002 , Zarakolu continues to face further prosecutions .


At that time his father , Remzi Zarakolu , was the district governor on that island .

His father , Remzi Zarakolu , was the district governor on that island .


In 1972 Ragıp Zarakolu was sentenced to 2 years ' imprisonment for his article in the journal Ant ( Pledge ) on Ho Chi Minh and the Vietnam War .

In 1972 Ragıp Zarakolu was sentenced to 2 years in prison for his paragraph in the journal Ant ( Oath ) on Ho Chi Minh and the Vietnam War .


In 1986 he became one of 98 founders of the Human Rights Association of Turkey ( HRA or in Turkish IHD ) .

In 1986 he became one of 98 starters of the Human Rights Association in Turkey ( HRA or in Turkish IHD ) .


In 1995 the Belge Publishing House offices were firebombed by a far right group , forcing it to be housed in a cellar .

In 1995 the Belge Publishing House offices were firebombed , forcing it to be housed in a cellar .


Ragıp Zarakolu ( born 1948 ) is a Turkish human rights activist and publisher who has long faced legal harassment for publishing books on controversial subjects in Turkey , especially on minority and human rights in Turkey .

Ragıp Zarakolu ( born 1948 ) is a Turkish publisher who has long faced legal problems for publishing books on controversial things in Turkey , especially on minority and human rights in Turkey .


Ragıp Zarakolu was born in 1948 on Büyükada close to Istanbul .

Ragıp Zarakolu was born in 1948 on the island of Büyükada close to Istanbul .


He also has published several books on the Armenian Genocide , such as George Jerjian 's The Truth Will Set Us Free : Armenians and Turks Reconciled and Professor Dora Sakayan 's An Armenian Doctor in Turkey : Garabed Hatcherian : My Smyrna Ordeal of 1922 - which brought new criminal charges in 2005 .

He also published several books on the Armenian Genocide - such as George Jerjian 's book History Will Free All of Us\/Turkish-Armenian Conciliation and Professor Dora Sakayan 's An Armenian Doctor in Turkey : Garabed Hatcherian : My Smyrna Ordeal of 1922 - which brought new criminal charges in 2005 .


He stayed in Selimiye Prison ( Istanbul ) and was released in 1974 following a general amnesty .

He stayed in Selimiye Prison ( in Istanbul ) and was set free in 1974 after a general amnesty .


On his release Zarakolu refused to abandon his campaign for freedom of thought , striving for an `` attitude of respect for different thoughts and cultures to become widespread in Turkey '' .

On his release Zarakolu refused to abandon his work for freedom of thought , because he wanted different thoughts and cultures to be available in Turkey .


The paper was banned with the military coup of 12 September 1980 and Ragıp Zarakolu was shortly imprisoned in 1982 in connection with this position in Demokrat .

The paper was banned and Ragıp Zarakolu was shortly imprisoned in 1982 because of his link to Demokrat .


Ragıp Zarakolu grew up with members of the Greek and Armenian minority in Turkey .

Ragıp Zarakolu grew up with members of the Greek and Armenian minority in Turkey and began writing for `` Ant '' and `` Yeni Ufuklar '' magazines in 1968 .


Afterwards Belge started to publish a series of books written by political prisoners .

Afterwords Belge started to publish books written by political prisoners .


For example , in humans , somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes organized into 23 pairs .

In humans , somatic cells have 46 chromosomes .


If a somatic cell contains chromosomes arranged in pairs , it is called diploid and the organism is called a diploid organism .

Either way , somatic cells have double the number of chromosomes that gametes in the same organism have .


The egg volume is about 160 times greater than that of a chicken egg .

The egg volume is about 160 times greater than a chicken egg .


The elephant birds , which were giant ratites native to Madagascar , have been extinct since at least the 17th century .

The Elephant birds , which were giant ratites , have been extinct since at least the 17th century .


Remains of Aepyornis adults and eggs have been found ; in some cases the eggs have a circumference of more than 1 m ( 3 ft 3 in ) and a length up to 34 cm ( 13 in ) .

In some cases the eggs have a circumference of over 1 metre ( 3 ft ) and a length up to 34 centimetres ( 13 in ) .


Aepyornis , believed to have been more than 3 m ( 10 ft ) tall and weighing close to 400 kg ( 880 lb ) , was at the time the world 's largest bird .

Aepyornis , one of the world 's largest birds , is believed to have been over 3 metres ( 10 ft ) tall , weighing close to 400 kg ( 880 lb ) .


Étienne de Flacourt , a French governor of Madagascar in the 1640s and 1650s , mentions an ostrich-like bird said to inhabit unpopulated regions .

Étienne de Flacourt , a French governor of Madagascar in the 1640s and 1650s , recorded frequent sightings of elephant birds .


He is commonly referred to and was addressed as Mies , his surname .

He is commonly referred to , and was addressed , as Mies , his surname .


Along with Le Corbusier , Alvar Aalto , and Frank Lloyd Wright , he is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modern architecture .

Along with Le Corbusier , Alvar Aalto and Frank Lloyd Wright , he is widely regarded as one of the first masters of modern architecture .


Ludwig Mies van der Rohe ( born Maria Ludwig Michael Mies ; March 27 , 1886 - August 17 , 1969 ) was a German-American architect .

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe ( born as Maria Ludwig Michael Mies ; March 27 , 1886 , Aachen - August 19 , 1969 , Chicago ) was a German-American architect .


During the nine months of the 2011-12 Volvo Ocean Race , which started in Alicante , Spain in October 2011 and concluded in Galway , Ireland , in July 2012 , the teams were scheduled to sail over 39,000 nmi ( 72,000 km ) of the world 's most treacherous seas via Cape Town , Abu Dhabi , Sanya , Auckland , around Cape Horn to Itajaí , Miami , Lisbon , and Lorient .

During the nine months of the 2011-12 Volvo Ocean Race , which started in Alicante , Spain in October 2011 and finishes in Galway , Ireland , in July 2012 , the teams are scheduled to sail over 39,000 nmi ( 72,000 km ) of the world 's most treacherous seas , and include locations such as Cape Town , Abu Dhabi , Sanya , Auckland , around Cape Horn to Itajaí , Miami , Lisbon , and Lorient .


The 2008-09 route covered nearly 39,000 nmi ( 72,000 km ) , took over nine months to complete , and reached a cumulative TV audience of 2 billion people worldwide .

The 2008-09 race covered nearly 39,000 nmi ( 72,000 km ) , took over nine months to finish , and reached an audience of 2 billion people worldwide .


The 2008-2009 edition of the race started in Alicante , Spain , on October 11 , 2008 .

The race started in Alicante , Spain , on October 11 , 2008 .


At this moment the Netherlands holds the record of three wins with the Dutch skipper Conny van Rietschoten being the only skipper to win the race twice .

At this moment the Netherlands holds the record of most wins with the Dutch captain Conny van Rietschoten being the only skipper to win the race twice .


The Volvo Ocean Race ( formerly the Whitbread Round the World Race ) is a yacht race around the world , held every three years .

The Volvo Ocean Race ( known also as the Whitbread Round the World Race ) is a yacht race around the world .


The Chelyabinsk meteor is thought to be the biggest natural space object to enter Earth 's atmosphere since the 1908 Tunguska event , and the only one confirmed to have resulted in a large number of injuries , although a small number of panic-related injuries occurred during the Great Madrid Meteor Event of 10 February 1896 .

The Chelyabinsk meteor is the largest object known to have entered the Earth 's atmosphere since the 1908 Tunguska event , and the only such event known to have resulted in a large number of injuries .


The atmosphere absorbed most of the object 's energy , with a total kinetic energy before atmospheric impact equivalent to approximately 500 kilotons of TNT ( about 1.8 PJ ) , 20-30 times more energy than was released from the atomic bomb detonated at Hiroshima .

The total energy released was equivalent to nearly 500 kilotons of TNT ( 2.1 PJ ) , which would make it 20-30 times more powerful than the atomic bombs detonated at Hiroshima and Nagasaki .


The earlier-predicted close approach of another larger asteroid that same day , the roughly 30-metre Duende ( at the time still known by its provisional designation 2012 DA14 ) occurred about 16 hours later ; the very different orbits of the two objects showed they were unrelated to each other .

The predicted close approach of the roughly 50 metre asteroid 2012 DA14 occurred about 15 hours later .


The sixth series of British science fiction television program Doctor Who was shown in two parts .

The sixth series of the television program Doctor Who was shown in two parts .


Alex Kingston also returns as River Song , a mysterious woman from the Doctor 's future who is revealed throughout the series to be Amy and Rory 's part-Time Lord daughter .

Alex Kingston also returns as River Song , a woman from the Doctor 's future who is revealed throughout the series to be Amy and Rory 's daughter .


The main series was preceded by `` A Christmas Carol '' , the 2010 Christmas special .

The main series was preceded by `` A Christmas Carol '' , a special episode shown at Christmas in 2010 .


The series stars Matt Smith as the eleventh incarnation of the Doctor , an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in his TARDIS , which appears to be a British police box on the outside .

The Doctor is an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in his TARDIS .


The first seven episodes were broadcast from April to June 2011 , beginning with `` The Impossible Astronaut '' and ending with mid-series finale `` A Good Man Goes to War '' .

The first seven episodes were broadcast from April to June 2011 , and the final six episodes from August to October .


Free vibration occurs when a mechanical system is set off with an initial input and then allowed to vibrate freely .

Free vibration occurs when vibration is set off with a push and allowed to vibrate freely .


Forced vibration is when a time-varying disturbance ( load , displacement or velocity ) is applied to a mechanical system .

Forced vibration is when an alternating force or motion is applied to a mechanical system .


The mechanical system will then vibrate at one or more of its `` natural frequency '' and damp down to zero .

The mechanical system will then vibrate at a ` natural frequency ' and gradually wind down .


Super Paper Mario has sold 2.28 million copies worldwide , making it one of the best-selling games on the Wii .

The game has sold more than 2.28 million copies worldwide .


It is the third game in the Paper Mario series of Mario role-playing games .

In each Paper Mario game , there have always been members that follow Mario and help him in battles .


The main objective is to collect the eight Pure Hearts , one in each chapter , which is used to gain access to the next .

The player 's quest is to stop him by collecting the eight Pure Hearts that can be found in each chapter of the story .


As well as Mario , the player gains control of Princess Peach , Bowser , and Luigi as the game progresses and can switch between them at almost any point in the game .

As the story progresses , Princess Peach , Luigi and even Bowser become playable .


Many of the modern principles of companion planting were present many centuries ago in cottage gardens in England and home gardens in Asia , and thousands of years ago in Mesoamerica .

Many of the basic principles of companion planting were used thousands of years ago in Mesoamerica .


Companion planting in gardening and agriculture is the planting of different crops in proximity for pest control , pollination , providing habitat for beneficial creatures , maximizing use of space , and to otherwise increase crop productivity .

In gardening and farming , companion planting is the planting of different crops next to each other .


Harry Max Markowitz ( born August 24 , 1927 ) is an American economist , and a recipient of the 1989 John von Neumann Theory Prize and the 1990 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences .

Harry Max Markowitz ( born August 24 , 1927 ) is an American economist .


Markowitz won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1990 while a professor of finance at Baruch College of the City University of New York .

Markowitz won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1990 .


It was formerly a Soviet design bureau , and was founded by Artem Mikoyan and Mikhail Gurevich as `` Mikoyan and Gurevich '' , with the bureau prefix `` MiG . ''

The company was first formed in December 1939 as a design office called Mikoyan-Gurevich or MiG , this was because its designers were Artem Mikoyan and Mikhail Gurevich .


Formerly Mikoyan-and-Gurevich Design Bureau ( Russian : Микоян и Гуревич , МиГ ) , then simply Mikoyan , it is a military aircraft design bureau , primarily designing fighter aircraft .

Mikoyan is a Russian company that designs fighter airplanes .


Michael Jackson : The Immortal World Tour is the first of two different official theatrical productions by Cirque du Soleil which uses the music and vision of Michael Jackson along with Cirque du Soleil 's signature acrobatic performance style to create a realistic concert experience .

Michael Jackson : The Immortal World Tour is the first of two theatrical productions by Cirque du Soleil .


The show was written and directed by Jamie King and produced in partnership with the Estate of Michael Jackson .

The show was written and directed by Jamie King .


The arena show-which is very similar to a rock concert-began its tour October 2 , 2011 , in Montreal .


As of December 2011 , just two months after it was launched , the show had sold out over $ 100 million tickets and became the top touring act in America according to Forbes .

By December 2011 the show had sold out over $ 100 million in tickets .


The company is one of only two breweries currently operating in the Philippines .

It is one of only two breweries in the Philippines , and is the smaller of the two , with only 10 % market share .


This was followed by Manila Beer in 1985 and Beer Pale Pilsen in 1988 .

It offers eight beers in the Philippines with its flagship brand Beer na Beer launched in 1988 as Beer Pale Pilsen .


Mullaitivu District ( Tamil : முல்லைத்தீவு மாவட்டம் Mullaittīvu Māvaṭṭam ; Sinhala : ම ලත ව ද ස ත ර ක කය ) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka , the second level administrative division of the country .

Mullaitivu District ( Tamil : முல்லைத்தீவு மாவட்டம் Mullaittīvu Māvaṭṭam ; Sinhala : ම ලත ව ද ස ත ර ක කය ) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka .


Mullaitivu District is located in the north east of Sri Lanka in the Northern Province .

Mullaitivu District is in the north east of Sri Lanka .


Catherine also meets their father , the imposing General Tilney .

Catherine then meets Henry Tilney , again , and is introduced to Miss Tilney , his sister .


Neither novel was published under the title Jane Austen had given it ; the title Northanger Abbey is presumed to have been the invention of Henry Austen , who had arranged for the book 's publication .

Northanger Abbey was the first novel by Jane Austen .


Catherine persuades Eleanor to show her Mrs Tilney 's rooms , but General Tilney suddenly appears .

She persuades Eleanor Tilney to take her to Mrs. Tilney 's room , but when General Tilney comes , she rushes away in fear .


Eleanor Tilney : Henry 's sister , she plays little part in Bath , but takes on more importance in Northanger Abbey .

Then Eleanor Tilney invites Catherine to Northanger Abbey .


The state is rich in mineral deposits - especially gold , diamonds , cassiterite , bauxite , marble and copper .

The state has many mineral deposits - especially gold , diamonds , cassiterite , bauxite and copper .


The state 's southern part is located in the Amazon rainforest , while the north has open grassland fields , and there is a small strip of savanna to the east .

A small part of the state is a small strip of savanna to the east .


It borders the states of Amazonas and Pará , as well as the nations of Venezuela and Guyana .

It shares borders with the states of Pará and Amazonas , as well as the countries Venezuela and Guyana .


The Monte Roraima National Park is located around one of the highest mountains of both Venezuela ( outside of the Andes ) and Brazil , and the highest in Guyana , a 2,875 m ( 9,432 ft ) high tepui known as Monte Roraima .

The Monte Roraima National Park is near one of the highest mountains of Brazil , the 2727 m high Tepui Monte Roraima .


The orb and scepter grasped in the eagle 's toes are traditional heraldic symbols of sovereign power and authority .

The orb and scepter held by the eagle are heraldic symbols of sovereign power and autocracy .


Traditionally , the latter have alternatively been interpreted as representing the conquered kingdoms of Kazan , Astrakhan and Siberia , as stated in the first edict concerning the state seal , on 14 December 1667 , or as standing for the unity of Great Russia ( Russia ) , Little Russia ( the Ukraine ) and White Russia ( Belarus ) .

They have been seen as the conquered kingdoms of Kazan , Astrakhan and Siberia , or as the coming together of ` All the Russias ' - Grand Russia ( Russia ) , Little Russia ( today 's Ukraine ) and White Russia ( Belarus ) .


La Romana has been a one-company town since the South Puerto Rico Sugar Company built the mammoth Central Romana mill in 1917 .

This factory was built in 1917 by the South Puerto Rico Sugar Company .


The focus of Colorado 's Stanley Cup run was on star defenceman Raymond Bourque who was on a quest to win his first Stanley Cup championship in his illustrious 22-year career .

The focus of Colorado 's Stanley Cup run was on defenceman Raymond Bourque who was on a quest to win his first Stanley Cup championship in his 22-year career .


Note : CR = Conference rank ; GP = Games played ; W = Wins ; L = Losses ; T = Ties ; OTL = Overtime loss ; GF = Goals for ; GA = Goals against ; Pts = Points Bolded teams qualified for the playoffs .

Note : W = Wins , L = Losses , T = Ties , OTL = Overtime Losses , GF = Goals For , GA = Goals Against , Pts = Points


The account given in Manson in His Own Words is that Manson first met Wilson at a friend 's San Francisco house , where Manson had gone to obtain cannabis .

The account given in Manson in his own words is that Manson first met Wilson at a friend 's San Francisco house , where Manson had gone to buy cannabis .


The events that would culminate in the murders were set in motion in late spring 1968 , when , by some accounts , Dennis Wilson , of The Beach Boys , picked up two hitchhiking Manson women , Patricia Krenwinkel and Ella Jo Bailey and brought them to his Pacific Palisades house for a few hours .

p163 The events that would culminate in the murders were set in motion in late spring 1968 , when , by some accounts , Dennis Wilson , of The Beach Boys , picked up two hitchhiking Manson women , Patricia Krenwinkel and Ella Jo Bailey , and brought them to his Pacific Palisades house for a few hours .


Gregg Jakobson , who was impressed by `` the whole Charlie Manson package '' of artist\/lifestylist\/philosopher , also paid to record Manson material .


On July 25 , 1969 , Manson sent sometime Family member Bobby Beausoleil along with Mary Brunner and Susan Atkins to the house of acquaintance Gary Hinman , to persuade him to turn over money Manson thought Hinman had inherited .

On July 25 , 1969 , Manson sent Bobby Beausoleil , Mary Brunner and Susan Atkins to the house of acquaintance Gary Hinman , to persuade him to turn over money Manson thought Hinman had inherited .


Before leaving the Topanga Canyon residence , Beausoleil , or one of the women , used Hinman 's blood to write `` Political piggy '' on the wall and to draw a panther paw , a Black Panther symbol .

Before leaving the Topanga Canyon residence , one of them used Hinman 's blood to write `` Political piggy '' on the wall and to draw a panther paw , a Black Panther symbol .


On the night of August 8 , Manson directed Watson to take Atkins , Linda Kasabian , and Patricia Krenwinkel to `` that house where Melcher used to live '' and `` totally destroy everyone in ( it ) , as gruesome as you can . ''

p184 On the night of August 8 , Manson directed Charles Watson to take Susan Atkins , Linda Kasabian , and Patricia Krenwinkel to `` that house where Melcher used to live '' and `` totally destroy everyone in ( it ) , as gruesome as you can '' .


p75 The three held the uncooperative Hinman hostage for two days , during which Manson showed up with a sword to slash his ear .


p34 Over the next few months , as their number doubled , the Family members who had made themselves part of Wilson 's Sunset Boulevard household cost him approximately $ 100,000 .


ch10 While back at Spahn Ranch , no later than December , Manson and Watson visited a Topanga Canyon acquaintance who played them the Beatles ' White Album , then recently released .


p250 Wilson paid for studio time to record songs written and performed by Manson , and he introduced Manson to acquaintances of his with roles in the entertainment business .


After that , Beausoleil stabbed Hinman to death , ostensibly on Manson 's instruction .

After that , Beausoleil stabbed Hinman to death , probably on Manson 's instruction .


By March 21 , 1967 , his release day , he had spent more than half of his 32 years in prisons and other institutions .

When he was released for the second time , on March 21 , 1967 , he had spent more than half his 32 years in prisons and other institutions .


Manson established a base for the group at Spahn 's Movie Ranch , not far from Topanga Canyon Boulevard , in August 1968 after Wilson 's manager told the Family to move out of Wilson 's home .

Manson established a base for the group at Spahn 's Movie Ranch , not far from Topanga Canyon , in August 1968 after Wilson 's manager told the Family to move out of Wilson 's home .


ch4 Wilson would sing and talk with Manson , whose women were treated as servants to them both .


Because this locale would allow the group to remain `` submerged beneath the awareness of the outside world '' , Manson called it the Yellow Submarine , another Beatles reference .

Because this would allow the group to remain `` submerged beneath the awareness of the outside world '' , p244 Manson called it the Yellow Submarine , another Beatles reference .


In fact , he maintained ( or would soon maintain ) , the album was directed at the Family itself , an elect group that was being instructed to preserve the worthy from the impending disaster .

In fact , he sad the album was directed at the Family itself , an elect group that was being instructed to preserve the worthy from the impending disaster .


As of that February , the tenants were Sharon Tate and Roman Polanski .

Unknown to Manson , the tenants were now Sharon Tate and Roman Polanski .


In the first days of November 1968 , Manson established the Family at alternative headquarters in Death Valley 's environs , where they occupied two unused or little-used ranches , Myers and Barker .

p99 In the first days of November 1968 , Manson established the Family at alternative headquarters near Death Valley , where they occupied two unused or little-used ranches .


p253 Family members did helpful work around the grounds .


p250p34 Inside the house , Wilson discovered 12 strangers , mostly women .


Telling the authorities that prison had become his home , he requested permission to stay , a fact touched on in a 1981 television interview with Tom Snyder .

p137 Telling the authorities that prison had become his home , he requested permission to stay , a fact touched on in a 1981 television interview .


Charles Milles Manson ( born November 12 , 1934 ) is an American criminal and musician who led what became known as the Manson Family , a quasi-commune that arose in the California desert , in the late-1960s .

Charles Milles Manson ( born on November 12 , 1934 ) is an American leader of a Californian cult which murdered several people .


p463 He told the women to do as Watson would instruct them .


While Manson was in prison , Rosalie gave birth to their son , Charles Manson , Jr. .

Manson is in jail for life in California .


ch12 Manson was obsessed with the group .


Irons decided he had to leave the group , saying that he did not want to be part of a group , where his friends were dying .

He said that he did not want to be part of a band where his friends were dying .


George Clinton produced the next album , Freaky Styley ( 1985 ) .

Red Hot Chili Peppers hired George Clinton to produce their second album , Freaky Styley .


On September 29 , 1987 , The Uplift Mofo Party Plan was released , becoming their first album to appear on any chart .

The album The Uplift Mofo Party Plan was released in 1987 .


Red Hot Chili Peppers ( also sometimes shortened to the `` Chili Peppers '' or abbreviated as `` RHCP '' ) are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983 .

Red Hot Chili Peppers are an American rock band .


Red Hot Chili Peppers were formed in Los Angeles by Fairfax High School classmates singer Anthony Kiedis , guitarist Hillel Slovak , bassist Flea and drummer Jack Irons .

The first members of the band were Anthony Kiedis ( singer ) , Flea ( bass ) , Hillel Slovak ( guitar ) , and Jack Irons ( drums ) .


The band released their eponymous debut album , The Red Hot Chili Peppers on August 10 , 1984 .

The Red Hot Chili Peppers have released ten studio albums .


The unexpected success instantly turned Red Hot Chili Peppers into rock stars .

Their first album was called The Red Hot Chili Peppers .


The band officially began recording their tenth studio album with producer Rick Rubin in September 2010 .

In 2004 , the band began recording a new album with Rubin .


The record produced three more number one modern rock hits , `` Scar Tissue '' , `` Otherside '' and `` Californication '' .

Three of the singles on the album , `` Scar Tissue '' , `` Otherside '' , and `` Californication '' , reached number one on the Modern Rock Tracks chart .


The band released their first full-length live album , Live in Hyde Park ; recorded during their performances in Hyde Park , London .

The band also released two live video albums in 2003 and 2004 ; Live at Slane Castle and Live in Hyde Park .


Slovak and Irons still considered The Red Hot Chili Peppers as only a side project and so in December 1983 they quit to focus on What Is This ?

Irons and Slovak thought Red Hot Chili Peppers was a side project .


`` Give It Away '' was released as the first single ; it eventually became one of the band 's biggest and most well known songs , winning a Grammy Award in 1992 for `` Best Hard Rock Performance With Vocal '' and became the band 's first number one single on the Modern Rock chart The ballad `` Under the Bridge '' was released as a second single , and went on to reach No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart , the highest the band has reached on that chart as of 2011 , and became one of the band 's most recognizable songs .

The second single , `` Under the Bridge '' , was the band 's most successful song ; it charted on the Billboard Hot 100 chart at number two .


Red Hot Chili Peppers have won seven Grammy Awards , and have become one of the best-selling bands of all time , selling over 80 million records worldwide .

After releasing By the Way , Red Hot Chili Peppers played concerts around the world for two years .


Because of commitments to other bands , Slovak and Irons did not play on the band 's debut album , The Red Hot Chili Peppers ( 1984 ) .

Red Hot Chili Peppers ' next album , Mother 's Milk , became very successful .


During this period , however , Kiedis and Slovak had both developed serious drug addictions , often abandoning the band , each other , and their significant others for days on end .

During this time , Kiedis and Slovak had problems with drugs .


In Blood Sugar Sex Magik , he displays greater power .

He chose the name because he thought `` Blood Sugar Sex Magik '' was the best song on the album .


The album ultimately sold over 15 million copies and became the band 's most successful recording to date .


Frusciante announced he was amicably leaving the band to focus on his solo career .

During this break , Frusciante decided to leave the band to work in his solo work .


In November 2003 , the Chili Peppers released their Greatest Hits album , which featured two new songs , `` Fortune Faded '' and `` Save the Population '' .

In 2003 , Red Hot Chili Peppers released a `` best of '' compilation album called Greatest Hits .


When he joined Fear , his technique centered largely around traditional punk rock bass lines , however he was to change this style , when Red Hot Chili Peppers formed .

After Mother 's Milk , Red Hot Chili Peppers changed their record label to Warner Music .


Instead of dissolving the band , Kiedis and Flea recruited new members .

Kiedis and Flea agreed to keep going with the band .


The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and the mother church of the worldwide Anglican Communion .

It is the mother church of the Anglican Communion .


In 1534 , King Henry VIII separated the English Church from Rome .

The Church of England was created by King Henry VIII in 1534 .


There were reports that a Galatasaray fan had run to a nearby telephone box to call for support when he saw Leeds fans arriving .

There were reports that a Galatasaray fan had run to a nearby phone box to call for help when he saw Leeds fans coming into the area .


The violence occurred at 21:00 in Istanbul 's Taksim Square during a fight between Leeds fans and Galatasaray fans the day before their UEFA Cup semi-final first leg at Galatasaray 's Ali Sami Yen Stadium in Istanbul on 6 April 2000 .

The events happened at 21:00 in Istanbul 's Taksim Square during a fight between Leeds fans and Galatasaray fans the day before their UEFA Cup semi-final first leg at Galatasaray 's Ali Sami Yen Stadium in Istanbul on 6 April 2000 .


Leeds fans had reportedly been taunting people from local bars , which led to the Turkish police being called in to stop fights from breaking out .

Leeds fans had been reportedly taunting people from local bars , to which the Turkish police were called in in to stop fights breaking out .


Several Galatasaray fans , reportedly members of a gang called `` The Night Watchmen '' , entered the area shortly afterwards , precipitating a fight between the two sets of supporters which led to the two Leeds fans being stabbed to death .

A large number of Galatasaray fans , reportedly part of a gang called `` The Night Watchmen '' , entered the area soon after which led to a fight between the two sets of fans which led to the two Leeds fans being stabbed .


The first moments of the fight are unclear with reports of the brawl either being started by Leeds fans throwing beer glasses at Galatasaray fans and insulting the Turkish flag or being started by Galatasaray fans throwing chairs or ambushing Leeds fans with knives .

It was not clear how the fight started with reports of the fight either being started by Leeds fans throwing beer glasses at Galatasaray fans and being rude about the Turkish flag or being started by Galatasaray fans throwing chairs or attacking Leeds fans with knives .


The 2000 UEFA Cup semi-final violence were a series of violent incidents in Istanbul , Turkey between fans of English team Leeds United and Turkish team Galatasaray before their UEFA Cup semi-final first leg .

The 2000 UEFA Cup semi-final violence was a number of fights in Istanbul , Turkey between fans of English football team Leeds United and Turkish team , Galatasaray before their UEFA Cup semi-final first leg .


The South African Navy ( SAN ) is the navy of the South African National Defense Force .

The South African Navy is the navy of the South African National Defense Force .


The title of HMSAS ( His Majesty 's South African Ship ) was changed to SAS ( South African Ship ) in 1952 , and the Crown in the SAN cap badge was replaced with the Lion of Nassau from the crest of the country 's coat of arms in 1959 , two years before South Africa became a republic .

In 1951 , the South African Naval Forces was renamed to the South African Navy and the ship title HMSAS ( His Majesty 's South African Ship ) was changed to SAS ( South African Ship ) one year later .


The Seaward Defense Force and the South African RNVR were consolidated on 1 August 1942 to form the South African Naval Forces ( SANF ) .

The South African Naval Service was later expanded and renamed to the South African Naval Forces ( SANF ) .


The cities share the Duluth-Superior harbor and together are the Great Lakes ' largest port transporting coal , iron ore ( taconite ) , and grain .

These two cities share the Duluth-Superior harbor and together are the Great Lakes ' largest port transporting coal , iron ore ( taconite ) , and grain .


Duluth forms a metropolitan area with Superior called the Twin Ports .

Duluth forms a metropolitan area with Superior , Wisconsin called the `` Twin Ports '' .


The Duluth MSA had a population of 279,771 in 2010 , the second-largest in Minnesota .

The Duluth MSA had 279,771 people in 2010 .


Duluth is the second-largest city on Lake Superior 's shores , after Thunder Bay , Ontario in its Canadian border , and has the largest metropolitan area on the Lake .

It has the largest metropolitan area on Lake Superior .


A tourist destination for the Midwest , Duluth features America 's only all-freshwater aquarium , the Great Lakes Aquarium ; the Aerial Lift Bridge , which spans the Duluth Ship Canal into the Duluth-Superior Harbor ; and Minnesota Point ( known locally as Park Point ) , one of the world 's longest freshwater baymouth bars , spanning 6 miles ( 9.7 km ) .

Duluth is known for the Aerial Lift Bridge , which spans the Duluth Ship Canal into the Duluth-Superior Harbor .


Situated at the westernmost point of the Great Lakes on the north shore of Lake Superior , Duluth is accessible to oceangoing vessels from the Atlantic Ocean 2,300 miles ( 3,700 km ) away via the Great Lakes Waterway and the Saint Lawrence Seaway .

The harbor at Duluth is accessible to ocean-going vessels from the Atlantic Ocean 2,300 miles ( 3,700 km ) away via the Great Lakes and Saint Lawrence Seaway .


The fourth-largest city in Minnesota , Duluth had a population of 86,265 in the 2010 census .

At the 2010 census , Duluth had 86,265 people .


The city is named for Daniel Greysolon , Sieur du Lhut , the first known European explorer of the area .

The city is named for Daniel Greysolon , Le Sieur du Luth , the first known European explorer of the area .


The city is also the starting point for vehicle trips along Minnesota 's North Shore .

People come to the city to start vehicle trips along Minnesota 's famous North Shore .


Duluth i\/d əˈluːθ \ / is a seaport city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and is the county seat of Saint Louis County .

Duluth is the county seat of Saint Louis County .


In early 2006 , DIC Entertainment and CBS Corporation signed a multi-year deal to unveil a new 3-hour long programming block for Saturday mornings on CBS .

In early 2006 , DiC Entertainment and CBS Corporation signed a multi-year deal for a new 3-hour long programming block for Saturday mornings on CBS .


In 2000 , with an investment by Bain Capital , Heyward re-purchased DIC Enterprises .

In 2000 with an investment by Bain Capital , Heyward re-purchased DiC Enterprises ( as it was then known ) .


In 2003 , DIC launched a syndicated children 's programming block called DiC Kids Network .

In 2003 DiC started a syndicated children 's programming block called DiC Kids Network .


In 1993 , DIC Animation City and Capital Cities\/ABC formed a joint venture called DIC Entertainment LP and in 1996 it became a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company .

In 1993 , DiC Animation City ( as it was then known ) and Capital Cities\/ABC formed DIC Entertainment LP and in 1995 it became a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company .


The resulting KOL Secret Slumber Party on CBS was launched the following fall .

The resulting KOL Secret Slumber Party on CBS was started the following fall .


In 1986 , Heyward and other investors bought the company , thus making the US headquarters the main base of operations .

In 1986 , Andy Heyward bought the company , making the US headquarters the main base of operations .


In April 2007 , DIC Entertainment , Corus Entertainment 's Nelvana and NBC Universal Global Networks announced plans to launch KidsCo , a new international children 's entertainment network .

In April 2007 , DiC Entertainment , Corus Entertainment 's Nelvana and Sparrowhawk Media Group announced plans to start KidsCo , a new international children 's entertainment network .


He purchased Bain Capital 's interest in 2004 and took the company public the following year .

He purchased Bain Capital 's part in 2004 .


On June 20 , 2008 , it was announced that DIC Entertainment programming would be acquired by Cookie Jar Entertainment .

On July 23 , 2008 , Cookie Jar completed the buy out of DiC Entertainment , and then it was merged with Cookie Jar Entertainment .


DIC Entertainment 's American arm was founded in 1982 as DIC Enterprises , headed by Andy Heyward , Jean Chalopin and Bruno Bianchi , in Burbank , California .

Its American arm was started in 1982 as DiC Enterprises .


It was founded in 1971 as DIC Audiovisuel by Frenchman Jean Chalopin in Paris , as a subsidiary of RTL Group ( RTL ) , Europe 's leading entertainment company , which today , is majority-owned by German media conglomerate Bertelsmann .

DiC Entertainment ( DiC ) was an international movie and television production company founded in 1971 as DiC Audiovisuel by Jean Chalopin in France .


In 2008 , DIC and Cookie Jar Group merged , and the DIC name ceased to exist .

In 2008 Cookie Jar Group bought out DiC and then merged it with Cookie Jar Entertainment .


His tomb at St. Peter 's Basilica was sculpted by Filippo della Valle .

The tomb of Innocent XII at St. Peter 's Basilica was sculpted by Filippo della Valle .


Pope Innocent XII ( Latin : Innocentius XII ; 13 March 1615 - 27 September 1700 ) , born Antonio Pignatelli , was Pope from 12 July 1691 to his death in 1700 .

Pope Innocent XII ( Latin : Innocentius Duodecimus ; 13 March 1615 - 27 September 1700 ) , born Antonio Pignatelli , was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 243rd Pope from 1691 to 1700 .


The following year he issued the papal bull , Romanum decet Pontificem , banning the curial office of the Cardinal-Nephew and prohibiting popes from bestowing estates , offices , or revenues on any relative .

In 1692 , Innocent XII issued the papal bull Romanum decet Pontificem which banned the curial office of the cardinal-nephew .


Integers divisible by 2 are called even , and numbers not divisible by 2 are called odd .

Numbers divisible by 2 are called even and numbers not divisible by 2 are called odd .


For example , there are six divisors of 4 ; they are 1 , 2 , 4 , − 1 , − 2 , and − 4 , but only the positive ones ( 1 , 2 , and 4 ) would usually be mentioned .

( For example , there are six divisors of four , 1 , 2 , 4 , -1 , -2 , -4 , but one would usually mention only the positive ones , 1 , 2 , and 4 . )


There are divisibility rules which allow one to recognize certain divisors of a number from the number 's digits .

There are properties which allow one to recognize certain divisors of a number from the number 's digits .


Divisors can be negative as well as positive , although sometimes the term is restricted to positive divisors .

Thus , divisors can be negative as well as positive , although often we restrict our attention to positive divisors .


A non-zero integer with at least one non-trivial divisor is known as a composite number , while the units − 1 and 1 and prime numbers have no non-trivial divisors .

A divisor of n that is not 1 , -1 , n or - n is known as a non-trivial divisor ; numbers with non-trivial divisors are known as composite numbers , while prime numbers have no non-trivial divisors .


For instance , ; the eight divisors of 42 are 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 , 14 , 21 and 42 .

For example , the positive divisors of 42 are 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 , 14 , 21 , 42 .


1 and -1 divide ( are divisors of ) every integer , every integer is a divisor of itself , and every integer is a divisor of 0 , except by convention 0 itself ( see also division by zero ) .


Equivalently , a prime number is a positive integer which has exactly two positive factors : 1 and itself .


In mathematics a divisor of an integer , also called a factor of , is an integer that can be multiplied by some other integer to produce .

In mathematics , a divisor of an integer n , also called a factor of n , is an integer which evenly divides n without leaving a remainder .


Leading in that sport \* Total medal counts include three medals - two silver and one bronze - awarded in the figure skating events at the 1920 Summer Olympics .


The National Olympic Committee for Norway was created and recognized in 1900 .

The National Olympic Committee for Norway was created 1900 .


Norwegian athletes have won a total of 148 medals at the Summer Olympic Games , with sailing and shooting as the top medal-producing sports .

Norway has hosted the Games twice : Norwegian athletes have won a total of 144 medals at the Summer Olympic Games .


At the Winter Olympic Games , Norway has won 329 medals ( 118 gold ) - more than any other nation - with cross-country skiing and speed skating as the top sports .

At the Winter Olympic Games , Norway has won 303 medals .


Neighbours is an Australian television soap opera .

Neighbours is an Australian soap opera .


Neighbours ' main focus is the fictional Ramsay Street , a residential cul-de-sac in the fictional Melbourne suburb of Erinsborough .

Ramsay Street is in a fictional suburb , Erinsborough , in the real-life city Melbourne .


The Bermuda Triangle , also known as the Devil 's Triangle , is a loosely defined region in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean , where a number of aircraft and ships are said to have disappeared under mysterious circumstances .

The Bermuda Triangle , sometimes called the Devil 's Triangle , is an area in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean .


A commercial failure is a product that does not reach expectations of success .

A commercial failure is a product that does not complete a goal .