A number of theories of modes of formation have been put forward .

A number of hypotheses of modes of formation have been put forward .


This means that oceans and continental crust existed within 150 million years of Earth 's formation .

This means that oceans and continental crust existed within 150 Ma of Earth 's formation .


Clay theory postulates that complex organic molecules arose gradually on a pre-existing non-organic platform , namely , silicate crystals in solution .

Clay theory postulates that complex organic molecules arose gradually on a pre-existing , non-organic replication platformâ '' silicate crystals in solution .


An article in a scientific publication suggests that seven different amino acids and 11 types of nucleobases formed in ice when ammonia and cyanide were left in a freezer from 1972 â `` 1997 .

An article in Discover Magazine points to research by the Miller group indicating the formation of seven different amino acids and 11 types of nucleobases in ice when ammonia and cyanide were left in a freezer from 1972 â `` 1997 .


The RNA world hypothesis suggests that relatively short RNA molecules could have spontaneously formed that were capable of catalyzing their own continuing replication .

The RNA world hypothesis describes an early Earth with self-replicating and catalytic RNA but no DNA or proteins . This has spurred scientists to try to determine if relatively short RNA molecules could have spontaneously formed that were capable of catalyzing their own continuing replication .


Freeman Dyson introduced a mathematical model in the 1980s . Stuart Kauffman developed the notion of autocatalytic sets , which was discussed later in that decade .

More abstract and theoretical arguments for the plausibility of the emergence of metabolism without the presence of genes include a mathematical model introduced by Freeman Dyson in the early 1980s and Stuart Kauffman 's notion of collectively autocatalytic sets , discussed later in that decade .


A recent experiment led by Jason Dworkin , subjected a frozen mixture of water , methanol , ammonia and carbon monoxide to UV radiation , mimicking conditions found in an extraterrestrial environment .

A 2001 experiment led by Jason Dworkin subjected a frozen mixture of water , methanol , ammonia and carbon monoxide to UV radiation , mimicking conditions found in an extraterrestrial environment .


Primitive reproduction can be envisioned when the bubbles burst , releasing the results of the experiment into the surrounding medium .

Primitive reproduction can be envisioned when the bubbles burst , releasing the results of the ` experiment ' into the surrounding medium .


The bubbles produced in these experiments were between 10 to 40 micrometers , or about the size of red blood cells .

The bubbles produced in these experiments were between 10 t , or about the size of red blood cells .


In an article entitled `` Self-Organizing Biochemical Cycles '' , Orgel summarizes his analysis of the proposal by stating , `` There is at present no reason to expect that multistep cycles such as the reductive citric acid cycle will self-organize on the surface of FeS\/FeS2 or some other mineral . ''

In an article entitled `` Self-Organizing Biochemical Cycles '' , the late Leslie Orgel summarized his analysis of the proposal by stating , `` There is at present no reason to expect that multistep cycles such as the reductive citric acid cycle will self-organize on the surface of FeS\/FeS2 or some other mineral . ''


Researchers have pointed out difficulties for the abiogenic synthesis of nucleotides from cytosine and uracil .

Researchers have pointed out difficulties for the abiotic synthesis of nucleotides from cytosine and uracil .


As of 2008 , no one has yet synthesized a `` protocell '' using basic components which would have the necessary properties of life ( the so-called `` bottom-up-approach '' ) .

No one has synthesized a `` protocell '' using basic components which would have the necessary properties of life ( the so-called `` bottom-up-approach '' ) .


Complete recirculation takes 10 million years , thus any organic compounds produced by then would be altered or destroyed by temperatures exceeding 300 Â C. They estimate that the development of a 100 kilobase genome of a DNA\/protein primitive heterotroph into a 7000 gene filamentous cyanobacterium would have required only 7 million years .

Complete recirculation takes 10 million years , thus any organic compounds produced by then would be altered or destroyed by temperatures exceeding 300 Â . They estimate that the development of a 100 kilobase genome of a DNA\/protein primitive heterotroph into a 7000 gene filamentous cyanobacterium would have required only 7 Ma .


The next most important step in research on prebiotic organic synthesis was the demonstration by John OrÃ that the nucleic acid purine base , adenine , was formed by the simple heating of solutions of ammonium cyanide .

Apart from the Millerâ `` Urey experiment , the next most important step in research on prebiotic organic synthesis was the demonstration by Joan OrÃ that the nucleic acid purine base , adenine , was formed by heating aqueous ammonium cyanide solutions .


If a protein came along that increased the integrity of its parent bubble , then that bubble had an advantage , and was placed at the top of the natural selection waiting list .

If a protein would increase the integrity of its parent bubble , that bubble had an advantage , and was placed at the top of the natural selection waiting list .


Another study suggested that adenine and guanine require freezing temperatures for synthesis , but cytosine and uracil are better synthesised at boiling temperatures .

Research by Stanley Miller and colleagues suggested that while adenine and guanine require freezing conditions for synthesis , cytosine and uracil may require boiling temperatures .


While bubbles composed mostly of water burst quickly , water containing amphiphiles forms much more stable bubbles , lending more time to the particular bubble to perform these crucial experiments .

While bubbles composed mostly of water burst quickly , water containing amphiphiles forms much more stable bubbles , lending more time to the particular bubble to perform these crucial reactions .


Whether the mixture of gases used in the Miller-Urey experiment truly reflects the atmospheric content of early Earth is a controversial topic .

Whether the mixture of gases used in the Millerâ `` Urey experiment truly reflects the atmospheric content of early Earth is a controversial topic .


This article also describes research showing the formation of RNA molecules 400 bases long under freezing conditions using an RNA template , a single-strand chain of RNA that guides the formation of a new strand of RNA .

This article also describes research by Christof Biebricher showing the formation of RNA molecules 400 bases long under freezing conditions using an RNA template , a single-strand chain of RNA that guides the formation of a new strand of RNA .


If he doubts of this let him go to Egypt , and there he will find the fields swarming with mice , begot of the mud of Nylus , to the great calamity of the inhabitants '' .

If he doubts of this let him go to Egypt , and there he will find the fields swarming with mice , begot of the mud of Nylus , to the great calamity of the inhabitants . ''


He suggested that the original spark of life may have begun in a `` warm little pond , with all sorts of ammonia and phosphoric salts , lights , heat , electricity , etc. . A protein compound was then chemically formed ready to undergo still more complex changes '' .

In a letter to Joseph Dalton Hooker on February 1 , 1871 , Charles Darwin addressed the question , suggesting that the original spark of life may have begun in a `` warm little pond , with all sorts of ammonia and phosphoric salts , lights , heat , electricity , etc. present , so that a protein compound was chemically formed ready to undergo still more complex changes '' .


Thomas Gold also asserted that a trickle of food from a deep , unreachable , source is needed for survival because life arising in a puddle of organic material is likely to consume all of its food and become extinct .


No real progress was made until 1924 when Aleksandr Ivanovich Oparin reasoned that atmospheric oxygen prevented the synthesis of the organic molecules . Organic molecules are the necessary building blocks for the evolution of life .

No new notable research or theory on the subject appeared until 1924 , when Alexander Oparin reasoned that atmospheric oxygen prevents the synthesis of certain organic compounds that are necessary building blocks for the evolution of life .


Chiral molecules can be synthesized , but in the absence of a chiral source or a chiral catalyst are formed in a 50\/50 mixture of both kinds .

Chiral molecules can be synthesized , but in the absence of a chiral source or a chiral catalyst , they are formed in a 50\/50 mixture of both enantiomers .


For example , Martin and Russel show that cell membranes separating contents from the environment and self-organization of self-contained redox reactions are the most conserved attributes of living things .

For example Martin and Russel show that physical compartmentation by cell membranes from the environment and self-organization of self-contained redox reactions are the most conserved attributes of living things , and they argue therefore that inorganic matter with such attributes would be life 's most likely last common ancestor .


There are several main theories : The most notable are called iron-sulfur world theory ( also called metabolism first ) and RNA world hypothesis ( also called genetics first ) .

Several hypotheses about early life have been proposed , most notably the iron-sulfur world theory ( metabolism without genetics ) and the RNA world hypothesis ( RNA life-forms ) .


But in an environment with no pre-existing life these molecules may have accumulated and provided a rich environment for chemical evolution ( primordial soup theory ) .

The `` soup '' theory relies on the assumption proposed by Darwin that in an environment with no pre-existing life , organic molecules may have accumulated and provided an environment for chemical evolution .


A clay model for the origin of life was suggested by A. Graham Cairns-Smith .

A model for the origin of life based on clay was forwarded by A. Graham Cairns-Smith of the University of Glasgow in 1985 and explored as a plausible illustration by several other scientists , including Richard Dawkins .


Recently estimates of these sources suggest that the heavy bombardment before 3.5 Gyr ago within the early atmosphere made available quantities of organics comparable to those produced by other energy sources .

Recently , estimates of these sources suggest that the heavy bombardment before 3.5 Ga within the early atmosphere made available quantities of organics comparable to those produced by other energy sources .


Features of self-organization and self-replication are the hallmark of living systems . There are instances of abiotic molecules exhibiting such characteristics under proper conditions .

While features of self-organization and self-replication are often considered the hallmark of living systems , there are many instances of abiotic molecules exhibiting such characteristics under proper conditions .


In 1953 a graduate student , Stanley Miller , and his professor , Harold Urey , performed an experiment that showed how organic molecules could have formed on early Earth from inorganic precursors .

A graduate student , Stanley Miller , and his professor , Harold Urey , performed an experiment that demonstrated how organic molecules could have spontaneously formed from inorganic precursors , under conditions like those posited by the Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis .


Browne 's contemporary , Alexander Ross , wrote : `` To question this ( spontaneous generation ) is to question reason , sense and experience .

For example , his contemporary , Alexander Ross wrote : `` To question this ( i.e. , spontaneous generation ) is to question reason , sense and experience .


It is now reasonably well established that microbial life is plentiful at shallow depths in the Earth ( up to five kilometers below the surface ) in the form of extremophile archaea , rather than the better-known eubacteria ( which live in more accessible conditions ) .

It is now reasonably well established that microbial life is plentiful at shallow depths in the Earth , up to 5 k below the surface , in the form of extremophile archaea , rather than the better-known eubacteria ( which live in more accessible conditions ) .


Based on this research it was suggested the beginning of life involved freezing conditions and exploding meteorites .

Based on this research , Miller suggested a beginning of life involving freezing conditions and exploding meteorites .


Additional support comes from a recent discovery of a bacterial ecosytem whose energy source is radioactivity .

Additional support comes from a recent discovery of a bacterial ecosystem whose energy source is radioactivity .


The Spitzer Space Telescope has recently detected a star , HH 46-IR , which is forming by a process similar to the sun .

The Spitzer Space Telescope has recently detected a star , HH 46-IR , which is forming by a process similar to that by which the sun formed .


These droplets would `` grow '' by fusion with other droplets , and `` reproduce '' through fission into daughter droplets , and so have a primitive metabolism in which those factors which promote `` cell integrity '' survive , those that do not become extinct .

These droplets would `` grow '' by fusion with other droplets , and `` reproduce '' through fission into daughter droplets , and so have a primitive metabolism in which those factors which promote `` cell integrity '' survive , and those that do not become extinct .


However , the idea that a closed metabolic cycle , such as the reductive citric acid cycle , could form spontaneously ( proposed by GÃ 1\/4 nter WÃ chtershÃ user ) remains unsupported .

However , the idea that a closed metabolic cycle , such as the reductive citric acid cycle , could form spontaneously ( proposed by GÃ 1\/4 nter WÃ chtershÃ user ) remains debated .


In the 1980s and 1990s , GÃ 1\/4 nter WÃ chtershÃ user came up with the iron-sulfur world theory and Christian de Duve introduced models based on the chemistry of thioesters .

More recent variants in the 1980s and 1990s include GÃ 1\/4 nter WÃ chtershÃ user 's iron-sulfur world theory and models introduced by Christian de Duve based on the chemistry of thioesters .


These amino acids and small peptides could be encouraged to form closed spherical membranes , called microspheres .

These amino acids and small peptides could be encouraged to form closed spherical membranes , called proteinoid microspheres , which show many of the basic characteristics of ` life ' .


The discovery in the late 1990s of nanobes ( filamental structures that are smaller than bacteria , but that may contain DNA in deep rocks ) might be seen as lending support to Gold 's theory .

The discovery in the late 1990s of nanobes ( filamental structures that are smaller than bacteria , but that may contain DNA ) in deep rocks might be seen as lending support to Gold 's theory .


Evidence to support the plausibility of the concept is scant , but it finds support in recent study of Martian meteorites found in Antarctica and in studies of extremophile microbes .

Evidence to support the hypothesis is scant , but it finds support in recent study of Martian meteorites found in Antarctica and in studies of extremophile microbes .


Yet it was not until 1861 that Louis Pasteur performed a series of careful experiments . With these experiments , Pasteur proved that organisms such as bacteria and fungi do not appear in nutrient-rich media of their own accord in non-living material .

In 1861 , Louis Pasteur performed a series of experiments which demonstrated that organisms such as bacteria and fungi do not spontaneously appear in sterile , nutrient-rich media .


This combination yielded large numbers of organic material that self-organised to form bubbles when immersed in water .

This combination yielded large amounts of organic material that self-organised to form bubbles or micelles when immersed in water .


In 1668 , Redi showed that no maggots appeared in meat when flies were prevented from laying eggs .

The first solid evidence against spontaneous generation came in 1668 from Francesco Redi , who proved that no maggots appeared in meat when flies were prevented from laying eggs .


Life might also have started in a colder environment .

Other research suggests a colder start to life .


A study done in 1998 suggests that oceans may have appeared in the Hadean eon , about 200 million years after the earth had formed . According to the study , it was very hot then ( about 100 Â C at the start , dropping to 70 Â C during the Hadean ) .

Morse and MacKenzie have suggested that oceans may have appeared first in the Hadean eon , as soon as two hundred million years ( 200 Ma ) after the Earth was formed , in a hot 100 Â reducing environment , and that the pH of about 5.8 rose rapidly towards neutral .


Cytosine has a half-life of 19 days at 100 Â C and 17,000 years in freezing water .

Cytosine has a half-life of 19 days at 100 Â and 17,000 years in freezing water .


Sir Thomas Browne wrote a book called Pseudodoxia Epidemica , in 1646 . He gave it the subtitle Enquiries into very many received tenets , and commonly presumed truths .

In the 17th century , such assumptions started to be questioned ; for example , in 1646 , Sir Thomas Browne published his Pseudodoxia Epidemica ( subtitled Enquiries into Very many Received Tenets , and Commonly Presumed Truths ) , which was an attack on false beliefs and `` vulgar errors . ''


In his The Origin of Life , Oparin argued that a `` primeval soup '' of organic molecules could be created in an oxygen-less atmosphere through the action of sunlight .

Oparin argued that a `` primeval soup '' of organic molecules could be created in an oxygenless atmosphere through the action of sunlight .


Gold 's theory is that flow of food is due to out-gassing of primordial methane from the Earth 's mantle ; more conventional explanations of the food supply of deep microbes ( away from sedimentary carbon compounds ) is that the organisms subsist on hydrogen released by an interaction between water and ( reduced ) iron compounds in rocks .


The alternative seemed to be omne vivum ex ovo : that every living thing came from a pre-existing living thing ( literally , everything from an egg ) .

The alternative seemed to be biogenesis : that every living thing came from a pre-existing living thing ( omne vivum ex ovo , Latin for `` every living thing from an egg '' ) .


Around the same time J.B.S. Haldane also suggested that the Earth 's pre-biotic oceans , which were very different from what oceans are now , would have formed a `` hot dilute soup '' . In this soup , organic compounds , the building blocks of life , could have formed .

Around the same time , J. B. S. Haldane suggested that the Earth 's prebiotic oceansâ '' different from their modern counterpartsâ '' would have formed a `` hot dilute soup '' in which organic compounds could have formed .


For example , instead of the reductive citric acid cycle , the `` open '' acetyl-CoA pathway ( another one of the four recognized ways of carbon dioxide fixation in nature today ) would be even more compatible with the idea of self-organisation on a metal sulfide surface .

For example , instead of the reductive citric acid cycle , the `` open '' acetyl-CoA pathway ( another one of the five recognized ways of carbon dioxide fixation in nature today ) would be compatible with the idea of self-organisation on a metal sulfide surface .


The now-famous Millerâ `` Urey experiment used a highly reduced mixture of gases â `` methane , ammonia and hydrogen â `` to form basic organic monomers , such as amino acids .

The now-famous `` Millerâ `` Urey experiment '' used a highly reduced mixture of gasesâ `` methane , ammonia and hydrogenâ `` to form basic organic monomers , such as amino acids .


It is suggested that polarised light has the power to destroy one kind within the proto-planetary disk .

It is suggested that polarised light has the power to destroy one enantiomer within the proto-planetary disk .


The biologist John Desmond Bernal , coined the term Biopoesis for this process , and suggested that there were a number of clearly defined `` stages '' that could be recognized in explaining the origin of life .

The biologist John Desmond Bernal coined the term biopoesis for this process , and suggested that there were a number of clearly defined `` stages '' that could be recognized in explaining the origin of life .


In 1924 , Oparin talked about primitive vesicles that replicated themselves . This was before the structure of the DNA was found .

One of the earliest incarnations of this idea was put forward in 1924 with Alexander Oparin 's notion of primitive self-replicating vesicles which predated the discovery of the structure of DNA .


In 1768 Lazzaro Spallanzani proved that microbes came from the air , and could be killed by boiling .

In 1768 , Lazzaro Spallanzani demonstrated that microbes were present in the air , and could be killed by boiling .


Robert M. Hazen reports upon experiments conducted in which various chiral crystal surfaces , act as sites for possible concentration and assembly of chiral monomer units into macromolecules .

Robert M. Hazen reports upon experiments conducted in which various chiral crystal surfaces act as sites for possible concentration and assembly of chiral monomer units into macromolecules .


There is a theory that ascribes the first self-replicating object to be lipid-like .

This theory postulates that the first self-replicating object was lipid-like .


Bourgon is a commune of 587 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France .

Bourgon is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France .


He is an member of the Hockey Hall of Fame .

He is an Honoured Member of the Hockey Hall of Fame .


Claude Earl `` Chuck '' Rayner ( born - August 11 , 1920 in Kenora , Ontario , died - October 6 , 2002 ) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played nine seasons in the National Hockey League for the Brooklyn Americans and New York Rangers .

Claude Earl `` Chuck '' Rayner ( b. August 11 , 1920 in Sutherland , Saskatchewan - d. October 5 , 2002 ) was a Canadian professional hockey goaltender who played 9 seasons in the National Hockey League for the New York Americans and New York Rangers .


The remains of the storm were later taken in by a warm front around 2 am EDT ( 0600 UTC ) .

The remnants of the depression persisted until 2 am EDT ( 0600 UTC ) on May 30 , at which time it was absorbed by a warm front , south of Nova Scotia .


Around 7:30 pm EDT ( 2330 UTC ) , a QuikSCAT satellite flew over the depression and found tropical storm-force winds . But the NHC thought the depression did n't strengthen and that winds were affected by rain .

Around 7:30 pm EDT ( 2330 UTC ) , a QuickSCAT satellite pass over the depression found tropical storm-force winds ; however , the winds were determined to have been affected by rain and therefore not representative of the depression 's actual intensity .


The National Hurricane Center also reported that Tropical Depression One was also the farthest north a May tropical cyclone has ever formed .

Tropical Depression One was also the farthest north a May tropical cyclone is known to have formed , according to the NHC 's Tropical Cyclone Report .


Then on 8 pm EDT ( 0000 UTC on May 28 ) , the NHC stopped monitoring the storm , as the low was not expected to strengthen anymore .

The NHC issued their final outlook on the low around 8 pm EDT ( 0000 UTC on May 28 ) while the system was located about 90 mi ( 150 km ) east of Cape Hatteras , North Carolina , as development of the low was not expected .


At 5:00 pm EDT ( 2100 UTC ) , the NHC gave out its last advisory on Tropical Depression One .

At 5:00 pm EDT ( 2100 UTC ) the NHC issued their final advisory on Tropical Depression One .


When the storm became Tropical Depression One on May 28 , it was the third time since 1851 that an Atlantic tropical cyclone formed before June 1 , the official start of an Atlantic hurricane season . The depression followed Subtropical Storm Andrea of May 2007 and Tropical Storm Arthur of May 2008 .

When Tropical Depression One formed on May 28 , it marked the third time since 1851 , when reliable records in the Atlantic basin began , that a pre-season cyclone developed in three consecutive years , following Subtropical Storm Andrea which formed in May of 2007 and Tropical Storm Arthur in May of 2008 .


The first time this event happened was in 1932 , 1933 , and 1934 ; the second time it happened was in 1951 , 1952 , and 1953 .

The first occurrence of this was in 1932 , 1933 , and 1934 , and the second occurrence were the years of 1951 , 1952 , and 1953 .


On May 28 , the NHC started to monitor the storm again and on 11:00 am EDT ( 1500 UTC ) , they declared the storm to be a tropical cyclone and named it Tropical Depression One . At that time , the storm 's location was about 310 mi ( 500 km ) south of Providence , Rhode Island .

Around 11:00 am EDT ( 1500 UTC ) , they designated the system as Tropical Depression One while it was located about 310 mi ( 500 km ) south of Providence , Rhode Island .


After a quick burst of convection during the night , thunderstorm clouds inside the depression started to disappear by 3:00 am EDT ( 0700 UTC ) .

After a burst in convective activity overnight , shower and thunderstorm activity waned once more by 3:00 am EDT ( 0700 UTC ) .


On May 29 , the depression almost became a tropical storm , when the storm 's strength was measured at T2 .5 , or 40 mph ( 65 km\/h ) using the Dvorak technique . But some of the measurements were also low as T1 .5 , which was the reason why the NHC did n't call it a tropical storm .

Early on May 29 , Tropical Depression One nearly attained tropical storm status , with intensity estimates using the Dvorak Technique reaching T2 .5 , or 40 mph ( 65 km\/h ) ; however , the estimates were also as low as T1 .5 , leading to the intensity of the depression remaining at 35 mph ( 55 km\/h ) .


On May 27 , the storm was 120 miles ( 195 km ) south of Cape Hatteras , North Carolina when the National Hurricane Center ( NHC ) decided to start monitoring the storm .

On May 27 , the National Hurricane Center ( NHC ) began issuing Tropical Weather Outlooks for the low while it was located about 120 miles ( 195 kilometers ) south of Cape Hatteras , North Carolina .


During mid-May , a disorganized low pressure area formed in the Atlantic Ocean about 290 miles ( 465 kilometers ) south-southwest of Wilmington , North Carolina .

The following day , an area of low pressure developed along the boundary about 290 miles ( 465 km ) south-southwest of Wilmington , North Carolina .


The oldest anchors were just rocks , and many rock anchors have been found from a long time ago .

The earliest anchors were probably rocks and many rock anchors have been found dating from at least the Bronze Age .


Many modern moorings still use a large rock as the mooring block .

Many modern moorings still rely on a large rock as the primary element of their design . However , using pure mass to resist the forces of a storm only works well as a permanent mooring ; trying to move a large enough rock to another bay is nearly impossible .


It can be smaller and lighter than a deadweight anchor . The mushroom anchor is shaped like a mushroom , and the pyramid anchor is shaped like a pyramid with the apex pointing down .

The disadvantage of using deadweight anchors in conditions where a mushroom anchor could be used is that it needs to be around ten times the weight of the equivalent mushroom anchor .


When people talk about anchors , they are usually thinking about temporary anchors .

Vessels may carry a number of anchors : Bower Anchors ( formerly known as Sheet Anchors ) are the main anchors used by a vessel and normally carried at the bow of the vessel .


A deadweight anchors is a heavy weight . It can be used when the bottom is too hard for other types of anchors .

Consequently deadweight anchors are used where mushroom anchors are unsuitable , for example in rock , gravel or coarse sand .


There are two main types of anchors : temporary and permanent .

Anchors can either be temporary or permanent .


The Danforth style uses a stock at the crown ( see above ) , to which two large flat flukes are attached .

It uses a stock at the crown to which two large flat triangular flukes are attached .


A permanent anchor is called a mooring block and is not easily moved .

A permanent anchor is used in the creation of a mooring , and is rarely moved ; a specialist service is normally needed to move or maintain it .


On 29 April 2001 the United Kingdom government had a census and found that there were 545 people living in Coagh .

On Census day ( 29 April 2001 ) there were 545 people living in Coagh .


Articles about fictional characters of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who .

Articles about significant fictional characters in the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who .


( 6 ) Magnesium compounds are used medicinally as common laxatives , antacids ( i.e. , milk of magnesia ) , and in a number of situations where stabilization of abnormal nerve excitation and blood vessel spasm is required ( i.e. , to treat eclampsia ) .


It is an alkaline earth metal and the eighth most abundant element in the Earth 's crust , where it constitutes about 2 % by mass , and ninth in the known Universe as a whole .

It is an alkaline earth metal and the seventh most abundant element in the Earth 's crust , where it constitutes about 2 % by mass , and ninth in the known Universe as a whole .


Magnesium ( \/ mÃ É Ë niË ziÉ m \/ mag-NEE-zee - É m ) is a chemical element with the symbol Mg , atomic number 12 and common oxidation state +2 .

Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg , atomic number 12 and common oxidation number +2 .


Magnesium ion 's high solubility in water helps ensure that it is the third most abundant element dissolved in seawater .

Due to magnesium ion 's high solubility in water , it is the third most abundant element dissolved in seawater .


Guam national football team is the national football team of Guam .

The Guam national football team is the national team of Guam , an overseas territory of the United States , and is controlled by the Guam Football Association .


The Aflac Duck is their mascot . Gilbert Gottfried does the voice for the Aflac Duck .

On March 23 , 2011 , Aflac announced that the company was taking applications for the new voice of the Aflac Duck through QuackAflac.com until April 1 .


Aflac helps people with insurance . The Aflac Duck is their mascot .

The Aflac brand has developed wide recognition recently with commercials starring the famous Aflac Duck on television which started airing in December 1999 .


The main town of Somerset was Somerton , but it is now Taunton . There are two cities in Somerset .

The districts of Somerset are West Somerset , South Somerset , Taunton Deane , Mendip and Sedgemoor .


Somerset is a county in South West England .

Somerset ( or ) is a county in South West England .


In 1996 Avon was split into 4 parts , which are now unitary authorities . People usually say that 2 of these parts ( named North Somerset and Bath and North East Somerset ) are part of Somerset , even though they have their own councils .

The two administratively independent unitary authorities , which were established on 1 April 1996 following the break up of the county of Avon , are North Somerset and Bath and North East Somerset .


Stephen Farrelly ( born January 28 , 1978 ) is a Irish professional wrestler who currently wrestles for World Wrestling Entertainment working on its SmackDown brand and competes under the ring name Sheamus .

Stephen Farrelly ( 28 January 1978 ) is an Irish professional wrestler and actor , best known by his ring names Sheamus and Sheamus O'Shaunessy . He is signed with World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) and competes on the Raw brand where he is the reigning King of the Ring , and the current WWE United States Champion .


Lead ( IV ) acetate , also known as plumbic acetate , is a chemical compound . Its chemical formula is Pb ( C2H3O2 ) 4 .

Lead ( IV ) acetate or lead tetraacetate is a chemical compound with chemical formula Pb ( C2H3O2 ) 4 and is a lead salt of acetic acid .


It can be prepared by reaction of red lead with acetic acid The other main lead acetate is lead ( II ) acetate .


It can be made by reacting lead ( II , IV ) oxide with acetic acid .

Lead ( IV ) acetate or lead tetraacetate is a chemical compound with chemical formula Pb ( C2H3O2 ) 4 and is a lead salt of acetic acid . It is commercially available often stabilized with acetic acid .


Chamois Niortais F.C. is a football club which plays in France .

The badge of Chamois Niortais features a chamois goat standing on a football , and the background of the crest is royal blue , which has featured in the club 's home colors since its foundation . When the club was founded in 1925 , Chamois Niortais adopted a white strip .


Zob Ahan Football Club is an Iranian football club based in Esfahan , Iran .

Zob Ahan Football Club is an Iranian football club based in Isfahan , Iran .


He was elected Governor of the state of West Virginia in the 2004 election . Manchin took office on January 17 , 2005 .

Manchin , a Democrat , was Governor of West Virginia from 2005 to 2010 .


Joseph ( Joe ) Manchin III ( born August 24 , 1947 in Farmington , West Virginia ) is an American politician .

Joseph `` Joe '' Manchin III ( born August 24 , 1947 ) is the junior United States Senator representing West Virginia .


1 Esdras ( Greek Ë ) , Greek Ezra , is an ancient Greek version of the Biblical book of Ezra in use among ancient Jewry , the early church , and many modern Christians with varying degrees of canonicity and a high historical usefulness .

1 Esdras ( Greek ) , Greek Ezra , is an ancient Greek version of the Biblical book of Ezra in use among ancient Jewry , the early church , and many modern Christians with varying degrees of canonicity and a high historical usefulness .


He journeyed to England for two years and returned to the colonies in 1760 , marrying again , this time to Elizabeth Corbin , and represented King William County in the Virginia House of Burgesses .

Braxton returned to the colonies in 1760 , marrying again , this time to Elizabeth Corbin , and represented King William County in the Virginia House of Burgesses .


He married a wealthy heiress named Judith Robinson at the age nineteen , but she died two years later , leaving him two daughters .

He married a wealthy heiress named Judith Robinson at the age nineteen , but she died two years later , leaving him two daughters , and he journeyed to England for two years .


He was born on Newington Plantation in King and Queen County , Virginia and educated at the William and Mary .

He was born on Newington Plantation in King and Queen County , Virginia and educated at the College of William and Mary .


Carter Braxton ( September 16 , 1736 -- October 10 , 1797 ) , was a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence and a representative of Virginia .

Carter Braxton ( September 16 , 1736 â `` October 10 , 1797 ) was a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence , a planter , and a representative of Virginia .


Saint-Androny is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France .

Saint-Androny is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .


In the 1950s Walt Disney created Disneyland in Anaheim California .

Walt Disney was the inaugural recipient of a star on the Anaheim walk of stars . The star was awarded in honor of Disney 's significant contributions to the city of Anaheim , California , specifically , Disneyland , which is now the Disneyland Resort .


Along with his brother Roy Disney , he was the founder of Walt Disney Productions ( now The Walt Disney Company ) .

As the co-founder ( with his brother Roy O. Disney ) of Walt Disney Productions , Disney became one of the best-known motion picture producers in the world .


Disney did not see Walt Disney World finished though because he died before it opened .

By the early 1960s , the Disney empire was a major success , and Walt Disney Productions had established itself as the world 's leading producer of family entertainment . Walt Disney was the Head of Pageantry for the 1960 Winter Olympics .


Disney even provided the voice for Mickey Mouse for many years .

However , Mickey 's voice and personality was provided by Disney until 1947 .


Walter Elias Disney ( December 5 , 1901 - December 15 , 1966 ) was a famous American entertainer , inventor , cartoonist , and entrepreneur .

Walter Elias `` Walt '' Disney ( December 5 , 1901 â `` December 15 , 1966 ) was an American film producer , director , screenwriter , voice actor , animator , entrepreneur , entertainer , international icon , and philanthropist .


In the 1950s Walt Disney created Disneyland in Anaheim California . Disneyland was the first modern theme park .

He is the namesake for Disneyland and Walt Disney World Resort theme parks in the United States , as well as the international resorts Tokyo Disney , Disneyland Paris , and Disneyland Hong Kong .


Disney also bought the land for Walt Disney World Resort in Florida . Disney did not see Walt Disney World finished though because he died before it opened .

After Walt Disney 's death , Roy Disney returned from retirement to take full control of Walt Disney Productions and WED Enterprises .


A square kilometre ( sometimes written kmÂ ) is based on the SI unit of measurement of area , the square metre .

Square kilometre , symbol km2 , is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of surface area , the square metre , one of the SI derived units .


In this sense `` mother figure '' can be considered an archetype and instances can be found in various female characters with distinct personalities .

In this sense `` mother figure '' may be considered an archetype and may be identified in various characters with otherwise distinct ( non-generic ) personalities .


The rheas are flightless birds of the genus Rhea , native to South America .

The rheas are ratites ( flightless birds , with unkeeled sterna ) in the genus Rhea , native to South America .


Takahito Soma ( born 10 December 1981 ) is a Japanese football player .

Takahito Soma born December 10 , 1981 in Kawasaki , Kanagawa is a Japanese football player currently playing for German second division club FC Energie Cottbus .


Sodium permanganate is a chemical compound . Its chemical formula is NaMnO4 .

Sodium permanganate is the inorganic compound with the formula NaMnO4 .


The strongest hurricane in the season was Hurricane Juliette , which reached peak winds of 150 mph ( 240 km\/h ) .

The strongest hurricane in the season was Hurricane Juliette , which reached peak winds of 150 mph ( 240 km\/h ) , but did not significantly affect land .


There are some ways that help make lucid dreams more likely . Stephen LaBerge , a psychologist who studies lucid dreams , made the MILD ( mnemonic induction of lucid dreaming ) technique .

This practice only achieves lucid dreams as a secondary effect -- in contrast to Dream Yoga , which aims primarily at lucid dreaming .


There are many other ways to help someone lucid dream .

Many people report having experienced a lucid dream during their lives , often in childhood . Children seem to have lucid dreams more easily than adults .


Although some people can have lucid dreams without trying , most people do not have them often . It is important to be able to remember dreams , because if the dreamer does not remember them , he or she will not know if they were lucid dreams or not .

The first book to recognize the scientific potential of lucid dreams was Celia Green 's 1968 study Lucid Dreams .


The person can then try to control things in the dream because it is not real . In a lucid dream , it is possible to do anything the dreamer wants , such as flying .

A dream-initiated lucid dream ( DILD ) starts as a normal dream , and the dreamer eventually concludes it is a dream , while a wake-initiated lucid dream ( WILD ) occurs when the dreamer goes from a normal waking state directly into a dream state , with no apparent lapse in consciousness .


It is important to be able to remember dreams , because if the dreamer does not remember them , he or she will not know if they were lucid dreams or not . Remembering dreams becomes easier if they are written in a dream diary upon waking up .

Dream recall is the ability to remember dreams .


A lucid dream is a dream where the person knows that they are dreaming .

The following are common factors that influence lucid dreaming and techniques that people use to help achieve a lucid dream : Dream recall is the ability to remember dreams .


The dreamer should think `` the next time I am dreaming , I want to remember I am dreaming '' , and should concentrate on this while returning to sleep . There are many other ways to help someone lucid dream .

The first step to lucid dreaming is recognizing one is dreaming .


Spider monkeys have one offspring per year .

There are many theories about the evolution of the atelines ; one theory is that spider monkeys are most closely related to the woolly spider monkeys ( Bractyteles ) , and most likely split from the woolly monkeys ( Lagothrix and Oreonax ) in the South American lowland forest , to evolve their unique locomotory system . This theory is not supported by fossil evidence , but there are fossils showing spider monkeys living in Cuba in recent times .


He finished the playoffs with a 1.53 goals-against average .

In the playoffs , the Bruins won only one of their four games ; their only win was on the strength of Thompson 's shutout , who finished the playoffs with a 1.53 goals-against average .


Thompson also received $ 1000 from Boston . Art Ross , still the manager of the Bruins , predicted that Thompson would play five more years for Detroit ; however , he only played two .

Boston manager Art Ross predicted that Thompson , now 35 , would play for the Red Wings for at least another five seasons ; however , Thompson remained with the team for only two seasons before retiring from playing .


He played 12 seasons in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . He played 10 seasons with the Boston Bruins and two seasons with the Detroit Red Wings .

He played 12 seasons in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , first for the Boston Bruins , and later for the Detroit Red Wings .


He was one of the first goaltenders in the NHL to catch the puck in order to stop it .

He was one of the first NHL goaltenders to catch the puck with his hand to make a save , and helped popularize the technique .


Early in the sixth overtime period , a pass from Boston player Eddie Shore was intercepted . Ken Doraty of the Maple Leafs went for a breakaway , meaning that he had the puck and was skating toward the other team 's net with out any defender between him and Thompson .

Early in the sixth overtime period , a pass from Boston defenseman Eddie Shore was intercepted , and Ken Doraty skated in on a breakaway , cleanly beating Thompson at 4:46 of the period .


Thompson helped to make common the technique of catching the puck as a method of making a save .

Thompson helped popularize the technique of catching the puck as a method of making a save .


In the 1920 â `` 21 season , Thompson played for Calgary Alberta Grain . In the next three seasons , he played for a team in Bellevue , Alberta .

After spending the 1920 â `` 21 season playing for Calgary Alberta Grain , Thompson played three seasons in Bellevue , Alberta .


With Thompson in goal , the Mustangs won against Currie Army , 8 â `` 4 , to tie the best-of-five series at two wins each .

With Thompson in goal , the Mustangs defeated Currie Army 8 â `` 4 to tie the best-of-five series at two wins apiece .


Throughout his entire NHL career career , Thompson made 81 shutouts , which is sixth all-time in NHL history , which was second to only George Hainsworth ( who had 94 ) when Thompson stopped playing .

Throughout his entire NHL career , Thompson accrued 81 shutouts , which is sixth all-time in NHL history , and was second to only George Hainsworth ( who had 94 ) when Thompson retired .


In the 1937 â `` 38 , Thompson played his last entire season with the Bruins . He won 30 out of the 48 games , but Boston lost to the Maple Leafs once again in the playoffs .

In 1937 â `` 38 , his final full season with the Bruins , he won 30 out of the 48 games , but Boston lost to the Maple Leafs once again in the playoffs .


He played the deciding game , but his team fell short of winning the Alberta title with a 3 â `` 1 loss .

He played the deciding game , but his team fell short of winning the Alberta title with a 3 â `` 1 loss to Currie Army .


To make space for Brimsek , Thompson was traded to the Detroit Red Wings for Normie Smith and $ 15,000 . Thompson also received $ 1000 from Boston .

To make space for Brimsek , Thompson was traded to the Detroit Red Wings for Normie Smith and $ 15,000 ; Thompson also received a $ 1,000 bonus from Boston .


During his time in the NHL , Thompson made 81 shutouts .

During his NHL career , he recorded 81 shutouts , the sixth highest of any goaltender .


During that time , he appeared in 118 games , making 33 shutouts . He had a 1.37 goals-against average , which is an average of goals surrendered in a span of sixty minutes ) .

In his three seasons with the Millers , he appeared in 118 games , recording 33 shutouts with a 1.37 goals against average ( average of goals surrendered in a span of sixty minutes ) .


Thompson was described by Johnny Bower , a former goaltender who was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame , as being able to play the puck well with his stick , and one of the best of his time at passing the puck .

Thompson was described by Johnny Bower , a former goaltender who was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame , as a good puckhandler , and one of the best of his time at forward passing .


Although Boston lost , their coach 's idea was described as `` amazing '' .

Even though Boston still lost , coach Art Ross ' maneuver was described as `` amazing '' the following day , and this technique , known as `` open net '' , caught on with the rest of the league .


He coached the Bisons for 56 games in two seasons .

He coached 56 games in two seasons . The Bisons missing the playoffs both times .


That season , Boston won all but six games , finishing with a 38 â `` 5 â `` 1 record , which is the highest-ever winning percentage of any team in the NHL .

Boston won all but six games , finishing with a 38 â `` 5 â `` 1 record , the best winning percentage for any team in a season .


At the start of the 1938 â `` 39 season , after ten entire seasons with Boston , he was traded to the Detroit Red Wings , where he played the rest of the season , and played another full one before stopping .

At the start of the 1938 â `` 39 season , after ten full seasons with Boston , he was traded to the Detroit Red Wings , where he completed the season , and played another full one before retiring .


In the 1940 â `` 41 season , he started to coach the Buffalo Bisons of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) .

After retiring from professional play , Thompson became the head coach of the Buffalo Bisons of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) in the 1940 â `` 41 season .


In the 1924 â `` 25 season , he joined the Duluth Hornets . He played 40 games for the Hornets .

In the 1924 â `` 25 season , he joined the Duluth Hornets , playing 40 games , recording a shutout in 11 of them .


He grew up in Calgary , Alberta . In 1906 , his brother Paul was born in Calgary .

Thompson grew up in Calgary , Alberta , where his brother , Paulâ '' who also became a professional ice hockey playerâ '' was born in 1906 .


He was the first goaltender in the NHL to record an assist by passing the puck with his stick to a player on his team .

A competent puckhandler , he was the first goaltender in the NHL to record an assist by passing the puck with his stick to a fellow player .


He won the Vezina Trophy , given to the NHL 's best goaltender , four times . He was added to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1959 .

A four-time Vezina Trophy winner , Thompson was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1959 .


After stopping playing , he coached some lower-league teams before becoming a famous professional scout .

After retiring from playing , he coached lower-league teams before becoming a noted professional scout .


His 38 wins during that season was a Boston record that was beat only in the 1982 â `` 83 season , by Pete Peeters ; since then , no Bruins goaltender has had more than 37 wins in a season .

His 38 wins during that season was a Boston record that was eclipsed only in the 1982 â `` 83 season , by Pete Peeters ( who won 40 of 62 games played ) ; since then , no Bruins goaltender has had more than 37 wins in a season .


In the next season , Thompson joined the Minneapolis Millers of the American Hockey Association ( AHA ) .

The following season , Thompson joined the Minneapolis Millers of the American Hockey Association ( AHA ) .


When Cecil was a child , he enjoyed playing baseball and ice hockey .

As a child , he enjoyed playing baseball and ice hockey .


Thompson played only five games in the 1938 â `` 39 season , because the Bruins decided to replace him with Frank Brimsek .

Thompson appeared in only five games for the Bruins in the 1938 â `` 39 season , as Boston decided to replace the aging goaltender with the substantially younger Frank Brimsek .


In the five playoff games , Thompson made three shutouts , and gave up only three goals during the playoffs .

Thompson recorded three shutouts in the five playoff games , and gave only three goals .


At end of the fifth overtime period , managers Conn Smythe of the Maple Leafs and Art Ross of the Bruins ask the president of the NHL , Frank Calder , to stop the game , and finish it later . Calder refused .

After the end of the fifth overtime period , managers Conn Smythe of the Maple Leafs and Art Ross of the Bruins asked league president Frank Calder to suspend the game , but Calder refused .


Even though he lost the game , he was applauded loudly by the fans at Maple Leaf Gardens . This game was the second-longest ever played in the NHL .

The losing goaltender in the second-longest NHL game , Thompson received a standing ovation from fans at the Maple Leaf Gardens .


In the 1931 â `` 32 season , Boston did not play in the playoffs for the first time when Thompson played for them .

The Bruins missed the playoffs for the first time in Thompson 's career in the 1931 â `` 32 season .


Earlier in the playoffs , his streak of winning his first seven games was ended . It remains the longest winning streak to start a playoff career .

Earlier in the playoffs , Thompson 's winning streak of seven playoff games was snapped ; it remains , as of 2008 , the longest playoff winning streak to start a career .


In one game , Boston won against Toronto 6 â `` 0 , but they lost the other game 8 â `` 0 .

In one game , the Bruins shut out Toronto 6 â `` 0 , while they lost the other game 8 â `` 0 .


At end of the season , he won his fourth and last Vezina Trophy , and was named to the First All-Star team for the second time .

Thompson set a new record by winning his fourth Vezina Trophy , which was his last victory . He was also named to the First All-Star team for the second time .


Thompson got his second Vezina Trophy in the 1932 â `` 33 season , making 11 shutouts and getting a 1.76 goals-against average .

Thompson became the second goaltender to win his second Vezina Trophy in 1932 â `` 33 since its inception in the 1926 â `` 27 season , as he recorded 11 shutouts and a 1.76 goals-against average .


He is the only goaltender that is in the Hockey Hall of Fame that has made a shutout in his first game .

In his first game he posted a shutout , becoming the only Hockey Hall of Fame goaltender to accomplish this feat .


In the 1940 â `` 41 season , he played one game for the Bisons as an emergency goaltender .

He appeared in one game as goaltender in the 1940 â `` 41 season .


The next season , Boston made the playoffs again , but they lost to the Toronto Maple Leafs .

The next season , Boston made the playoffs once more , losing to the Toronto Maple Leafs .


During World War II , Thompson served in the Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ) . He was also the coach of the Calgary RCAF Mustangs of the Alberta Senior Hockey League .

During World War II , Thompson served in the Royal Canadian Air Force and doubled as the coach of the Calgary RCAF Mustangs of the Alberta Senior Hockey League .


Even though Thompson lost more games than he won in the playoffs , he finished wit a 1.23 goals-against average .

Thompson finished the playoff series with 1.23 goals-against average , despite a losing record .


In one full season , a goals-against average of 1.15 is the second-lowest ever in NHL history . George Hainsworth has a lower goals-against average of 0.98 that season , which is the lowest-ever goals-against average for a full season .

In his first season , he appeared in all 44 of the Bruins ' games , posting 12 shutouts and a 1.15 goals-against average , the second lowest goals-against average in NHL history through the 2008 season , after George Hainsworth 's 0.98 the same season .


At the end of the season , he was named to First All-Star team for his first time . He also won the Vezina Trophy for his third time .

At the end of the season , he was named to the First All-Star team for the first time , and won the Vezina Trophy for the third time , tying George Hainsworth 's all-time mark with three victories .


Cecil and Paul also played against each other in the Stanley Cup Finals , which was also the first time when brothers played against each other .

That season marked the first time two brothers opposed each other in an NHL game , as Thompson 's brother Paul played for the New York Rangers . The Stanley Cup finals were also the first playoff series where two brothers faced off against each other .


In that game , Boston and Toronto were tied after three usual periods of 20 minutes . Since the game was tied , it proceeded to overtime .

During that game , Toronto and Boston were tied after regulation time and over 100 minutes of overtime proceeded , with Thompson dueling Toronto 's goaltender Lorne Chabot .


He is fifth all-time in goals-against average , allowing on average only 2.08 goals in a 60-minute span .

He is fifth all-time in goals-against average , allowing on average only 2.08 per a 60-minute span .


He led the Mustangs to the league championship series in 1942 â `` 43 against the Calgary Currie Army team . In March 1943 , injuries to the Mustangs ' goaltenders made him play again .

He led the Mustangs to the league championship series in 1942 â `` 43 against the Calgary Currie Army team where injuries to the Mustangs ' goaltenders brought him back onto the ice in March 1943 .


The last game of the playoff series against the Maple Leafs was described as Thompson 's best .

The next season , Boston made the playoffs once more , losing to the Toronto Maple Leafs . The final game of the playoff series was described as Thompson 's most memorable .


He missed five games during that season , which was the only time that happened to him . In the 43 games he played , Thompson won only 13 .

He won only 13 games while appearing in 43 out of Boston 's 48 games , which was the only time he missed games as a member of the Bruins .


Thompson was stand-up goaltender , which mean he rarely fell to both knees to try to stop the puck .

Thompson was a stand-up goaltender , rarely falling on both knees to stop a puck .


Cecil Ralph `` Tiny '' Thompson ( May 31 , 1903 -- February 9 , 1981 ) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender .

Cecil Ralph `` Tiny '' Thompson ( May 31 , 1903 â `` February 11 , 1981 ) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender .


He also made seven shutouts in the playoffs .

He also posted seven shutouts in the playoffs .


In the next season , Cecil played in all of Boston 's 44 games again . He made three shutouts and he had a 2.19 goals-against average .

The following season , Thompson again appeared in all of the Bruins ' 44 games , posting three shutouts and a 2.19 goals-against average .


In that season 's playoffs , Boston 's series against the Toronto Maple Leafs was a series of contrasts . Boston lost the two-game , total-goal series eight goals to six .

The ensuing two-game , total-goal playoff series against the Toronto Maple Leafs was series of contrasts , as the Bruins lost 8 â `` 6 .


In the 1935 â `` 36 season , Thompson made 10 shutouts , but Boston won only 22 out of 48 games .

In the 1935 â `` 36 NHL season , Thompson recorded 10 shutouts , but Boston managed to win only 22 out of their 48 games .


Wrightwood is a census-designated place that can be found in San Bernardino County , California .

Wrightwood is a census-designated place located in the San Gabriel Mountains , in San Bernardino County , California .


Amaranth ( Amaranthus spp . ) is a cosmopolitan genus of herbs .

Amaranthus , collectively known as amaranth , is a cosmopolitan genus of herbs .


His fifth marriage was to the German violinist Anne-Sophie Mutter for whom he wrote a violin concerto .

After his fourth marriage ( to Heather Sneddon in 1982 ) ended in 2002 , Previn wed the German violinist Anne-Sophie Mutter , and later wrote a violin concerto for her .


They divorced in 2006 , but remain on amicable terms and have continued to work together in concerts .


When Previn told him he was playing all the wrong notes , Morecambe grabbed him by his jacket and said that he was playing `` all the right notes , but not necessarily in the right order '' .

( At one point `` Mr Preview '' accuses Eric Morecambe of playing the wrong notes ; Eric retorts that he has been playing `` the right notes , but not necessarily in the right order . '' )


He stayed with the LSO for eleven years . His television series AndrÃ Previn 's Music Night helped to make classical music popular in Britain .

During his LSO tenure , he and the LSO appeared on the BBC Television program AndrÃ Previn 's Music Night .


In 1967 , Previn became conductor of the Houston Symphony Orchestra and in 1968 conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra .

In 1967 , Previn became music director of the Houston Symphony Orchestra . In 1968 , Previn began his tenure as principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra ( LSO ) , serving in that post until 1979 .


AndrÃ Previn ( born 6 April , 1929 , Berlin , Germany ) is an American conductor , pianist and composer of German birth .

AndrÃ George Previn KBE ( born Andreas Ludwig Priwin ; April 6 , 1929 ) is a German-born naturalised American pianist , conductor , and composer .


Andre Previn has been married five times .


From 1976 to 1984 , Previn was conductor of the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra ( PSO ) , with whom he made another television series called Previn and the Pittsburgh .

From 1976 to 1984 , Previn was music director of the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra ( PSO ) , and in turn had another television series with the PSO titled Previn and the Pittsburgh .


He is particularly remembered in Britain for a guest appearance he made on the Morecambe and Wise Christmas Show in 1971 where Eric Morecambe ( who called him Andrew Preview ) pretended to play the Piano Concerto by Edvard Grieg with Previn conducting .

Previn is particularly remembered in Britain for his performance as `` Mr. Andrew Preview '' ( or `` Privet '' ) on the Morecambe and Wise Christmas Show in 1971 , which involved his conducting a performance of Edvard Grieg 's Piano Concerto with Eric Morecambe as the comically-inept soloist .


Aziz Mian was born as Abdul Aziz ( Urdu : Ø Ø Ø Ø Ù Ø Ø Û Ø ) in Delhi , British India .


Georgetown College is a private liberal arts college located in the downtown area of Georgetown .


Frome is a town and civil parish in Somerset , England .

Frome is a town and civil parish in northeast Somerset , England .


In 2001 there were 24,510 people living in Frome .

In the 2001 census , the population was given as 24,510 .


Satyr plays were an ancient Greek form of theater , similar in spirit to burlesque .

Satyr plays were an ancient Greek form of tragicomedy , similar in spirit to burlesque .


Saint-Germain-la-Blanche-Herbe is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

Saint-Germain-la-Blanche-Herbe is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


It first started on the Fox network in the United States on November 7 , 1991 .

It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 7 , 1991 .


desperate to win back his daughter 's love , Homer gives Lisa the one thing she has always wanted , a pony named `` Princess . ''

Desperate to win back his daughter 's love , Homer gives Lisa the one thing she has always wanted : a pony .


Giovanni Domenico Cassini , also known as Jean-Dominique Cassini , ( June 8 , 1625 â `` September 14 , 1712 ) was an Italian-French astronomer , engineer and astrologer .

For his French-born great-grandson , see Jean-Dominique Cassini . Giovanni Domenico Cassini ( June 8 , 1625 â `` September 14 , 1712 ) was an Italian\/French mathematician , astronomer , engineer , and astrologer .


He also discovered the four of Saturn 's moons , as well as the Cassini Division in Saturn 's rings .

In addition he discovered the Cassini Division in the rings of Saturn ( 1675 ) .


Cassini , along with Robert Hooke discovered the Great Red Spot on Jupiter in around 1665 .

He shares with Robert Hooke credit for the discovery of the Great Red Spot on Jupiter ( ca .


It was first announced at E3 2009 , and was released in the second quarter of 2010 in Japan , on May 23 , 2010 in North America , on June 11 , 2010 in Europe , and in June-August , 2010 in Australia .

It was released in North America on May 23 , 2010 , in Japan on May 27 , 2010 , in Europe on June 11 , 2010 , and in Australia on July 1 , 2010 .


It is the sequel to Super Mario Galaxy .

It is the fourth original 3D platformer in the Mario series , after Super Mario 64 , Super Mario Sunshine , and Super Mario Galaxy .


Super Mario Galaxy 2 is a video game for the Wii .

is a platforming video game developed by Nintendo for the Wii . It was first announced at E3 2009 and is the sequel to Super Mario Galaxy .


Super Mario Galaxy 2 is a video game for the Wii . It is the sequel to Super Mario Galaxy .

In Japan Super Mario Galaxy 2 sold 143,000 copies on its first day of release and 340,000 copies in its first week , about 90,000 more than the first Super Mario Galaxy sold in the same amount of time .


Rodrigo Fabri ( born 15 January 1976 ) is a Brazilian football player . He has played for Brazil national team .

Rodrigo Fabri ( born 15 January 1976 in Santo AndrÃ ) is a football player from Brazil who last played for Santo AndrÃ .


Boxers shorts are men 's underwear . They are shorts with a stretchy band , and named after the shorts worn by boxers .

Boxer shorts ( also known as loose boxers or as simply boxers ) are a type of undergarment worn by men .


Fontaine-l Ã s-Croisilles is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

Fontaine-l Ã s-Croisilles is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


The Catcher in the Rye is a novel by author J. D. Salinger .

In 1961 , J. D. Salinger denied Elia Kazan permission to direct a stage adaptation of Catcher for Broadway . More recently , Salinger 's agents received bids for the Catcher movie rights from Harvey Weinstein and Steven Spielberg , neither of which was even passed on to J. D. Salinger for consideration .


Giacomo Girolamo Casanova ( 2 April 1725 - 4 June 1798 ) was a famous Venetian adventurer and writer .

Giacomo Girolamo Casanova de Seingalt ( April 2 , 1725 â `` June 4 , 1798 ) was a Venetian adventurer and author .


It likely corresponds to the European word `` Breton '' , referring to Brittany .

It likely corresponds to the word Breton , which is French for Brittany .


Cape Breton Island ( French : Ã le du Cap-Breton - formely Ã le Royale , Scottish Gaelic : Eilean Cheap Breatuinn , MÃ kmaq : Ã namakika , simply : Cape Breton ) is an island on the Atlantic coast of North America .

Cape Breton Island ( â '' formerly Ã le Royale , Scottish Gaelic : Eilean Cheap Breatainn , MÃ kmaq : Ã namakika , simply : Cape Breton ) is an island on the Atlantic coast of North America .


The pigments that give the coloring to these butterflies are derived from waste products in the body . They are a characteristic of this family .

The pigments that give the distinct coloring to these butterflies are derived from waste products in the body and are a characteristic of this family .


The fore legs are well developed in both sexes . The tarsal claws are bifid ( bifid means split into two parts ) .

The fore legs are well developed in both sexes , unlike in the Nymphalidae , and the tarsal claws are bifid unlike in the Papilionidae .


It is believed that the name `` butterfly '' originated from a member of this family , the Brimstone Gonepteryx rhamni . It was called the `` butter-coloured fly '' by early British naturalists .

It is believed that the name `` butterfly '' originated from a member of this family â '' the Brimstone Gonepteryx rhamni â '' which was called the `` butter-coloured fly '' by early British naturalists .


The caterpillars of a few of these species , such as Pieris brassicae and Pieris rapae , feed on brassicas . They are commonly seen in gardens and are agricultural pests .

The larvae ( caterpillars ) of a few of these species , such as Pieris brassicae and Pieris rapae , commonly seen in gardens , feed on brassicas , and are notorious agricultural pests .


Like the Papilionidae , Pieridae also have their chrysalids held at an angle by a silk girdle . The girdle runs around the first abdominal segment unlike the thoracic girdle seen in the Papilionidae .

Like the Papilionidae , Pieridae also have their pupae held at an angle by a silk girdle , but running at the first abdominal segment unlike the thoracic girdle seen in the Papilionidae .


Most pierid butterflies are white , yellow or orange with black spots .

Most pierid butterflies are white , yellow or orange in coloration , often with black spots .


This family has about 76 genera and 1,100 species . They are mostly from tropical Africa and Asia .

The Pieridae are a large family of butterflies with about 76 genera containing approximately 1,100 species , mostly from tropical Africa and Asia .


The sexes are usually different , often in the pattern or number of black markings .

The sexes usually differ , often in the pattern or number of the black markings .


( ( Image : Dunaway . jpg thumb ( 266x598 ) px right Faye Dunaway ) ) Faye Dunaway is an American actress .

Dunaway was born Dorothy Faye Dunaway in Bascom , Florida , the daughter of Grace April ( nÃ e Smith ) , a housewife , and John MacDowell Dunaway , Jr. , a career army non-commissioned officer .


Faye Dunaway ( born January 14 , 1941 ) is an American actress .


Ozon is a commune in the ArdÃ che dÃ partement in southern France .

Ozon is a commune in the ArdÃ che department in southern France .


JosÃ Luis Chilavert ( born 27 July 1965 ) is a former Paraguayan football player .

JosÃ Luis FÃ lix Chilavert GonzÃ lez ( born July 27 , 1965 in Luque , Departamento Central ) is a Paraguayan former football player who played as a goalkeeper .


Other popular models of the era included Veruschka , and Twiggy .

Other popular models of the era included Veruschka , Peggy Moffitt , and Penelope Tree .


One catalyst was the recovery of the British economy after post-World War II hard times had lasted through much of the 1950s .

One catalyst was the recovery of the British economy after post-World War II austerity which lasted through much of the 1950s .


Swinging London is a catch-all term applied to the fashion and cultural scene which flourished in London , in the 1960s .

Swinging London is a catch-all term applied to the fashion and cultural scene that flourished in London , in the 1960s .


Shrimpton was called `` The face of the '60s '' , in which she has been considered by many as `` the symbol of Swinging London '' , and the `` embodiment of the 1960s '' .

Shrimpton was called `` The Face of the '60s '' , in which she has been considered by many as `` the symbol of Swinging London '' and the `` embodiment of the 1960s '' .


`` Swinging London '' was defined by Time magazine in its issue of 15 April 1966 , and celebrated in the name of the pirate radio station , Swinging Radio England , that began shortly afterward .

`` Swinging London '' was defined by Time magazine in its issue of 15 April 1966 and celebrated in the name of the pirate radio station , Swinging Radio England , that began shortly afterward .


It was a phenomenon which emphasized the young , the new and the modern .

It was a youth-oriented phenomenon that emphasized the new and modern .


Journalist Christopher Booker , a founder of the satirical magazine Private Eye , recalled the `` bewitching '' character of the swinging sixties : `` There seemed to be no one standing outside the bubble , and observing just how odd and shallow and egocentric and even rather horrible it was '' .

Journalist Christopher Booker , a founder of the satirical magazine Private Eye , recalled the `` bewitching '' character of the swinging sixties : `` There seemed to be no one standing outside the bubble , and observing just how odd and shallow and egocentric and even rather horrible it was . ''


However , `` swinging '' in the sense of hip or fashionable , had been used since the early 1960s .

However , `` swinging '' in the sense of hip or fashionable , had been used since the early 1960s , including by Norman Vaughan in his `` swinging\/dodgy '' patter on Sunday Night at the London Palladium .


Twiggy was called `` the Queen of Mod '' , a label she shared with others , such as Cathy McGowan , who hosted the television rock show , Ready Steady Go !

The model Twiggy has been called `` the face of 1966 '' and `` the Queen of Mod , '' a label she shared with others , such as Cathy McGowan , who hosted the television rock show , Ready Steady Go !


The Mini car ( launched in 1959 ) was used by a fleet of mini-cab taxis highlighted by advertising which covered their paintwork .

The Mini-Cooper car ( launched in 1959 ) was used by a fleet of mini-cab taxis highlighted by advertising that covered their paintwork .


She was the world 's highest paid and most photographed model of the time .

She was the world 's highest paid and most photographed model during this time .


In 1965 , Diana Vreeland , editor of Vogue magazine , said `` London is the most swinging city in the world at the moment '' .

In 1965 , Diana Vreeland , editor of Vogue magazine , said `` London is the most swinging city in the world at the moment . ''


When a telegraph network developed by 1845 , it was possible for people to collect information about the weather .

In the USA the development of a telegraph network by 1845 made it possible to gather weather information from multiple distant locations quickly enough to preserve its value for real-time applications .


The station model is mostly used for surface-weather maps . It can also be used to show the weather in the sky , though .

The station model is primarily used on surface-weather maps , but can also be used to show the weather aloft .


The entire United States was not influenced by time zones ( areas with different times ) until 1905 . This was when Detroit had made the standard time at last .

The entire United States did not finally come under the influence of time zones until 1905 , when Detroit finally established standard time .


A complete station-model map lets people study patterns in air pressure , temperature , wind , cloud cover , and precipitation .

A completed station-model map allows users to analyze patterns in air pressure , temperature , wind , cloud cover , and precipitation .


The U.S. Army Signal Corps kept up this network between 1870 and 1874 by an act of Congress . It later expanded to the west side .

The U.S. Army Signal Corps inherited this network between 1870 and 1874 by an act of Congress , and expanded it to the west coast soon afterwards .


Over all the earth , other countries began taking weather observations at the same time . This started in 1873 .

Internationally , other countries followed the lead of the United States in taking simultaneous weather observations , starting in 1873 .


This was because there was not enough time standardization . People first tried to standardize time in Great Britain in 1855 .

The first attempts at time standardization took hold in Great Britain by 1855 .


Meteorologists made the station model to put down many weather elements in a small space on weather maps .

Meteorologists created the station model to plot a number of weather elements in a small space on weather maps .


Maps thickly filled with station-model plots can be hard to read . However , they help meteorologists , pilots , and mariners to see important weather patterns .

Maps filled with dense station-model plots can be difficult to read , but they allow meteorologists , pilots , and mariners to see important weather patterns .


A station model is a symbolic picture showing the weather at a reporting station .

A station model is a symbolic illustration showing the weather occurring at a given reporting station .


A computer draws a station model for every place of observation .

A computer draws a station model for each observation location .


In the 1840s , Joseph Henry took charge . He helped the Smithsonian Institution focus most of its observers on the center and the eastern part of the United States during the 1840s and 1860s .

The Smithsonian Institution developed its network of observers over much of the central and eastern United States between the 1840s and 1860s once Joseph Henry took the helm .


Because of this , the influence of diverse cultures can be seen throughout Eritrea . Today the most obvious influences in the capital , Asmara , are those of Italy .


Its official name is The State of Eritrea .

Eritrea 's relations with the Sudan has been normalised . Meanwhile , Eritrea has been recognized as a broker for peace between the separate factions of the Sudanese civil war : `` It is known that Eritrea played a role in bringing about the peace agreement ( between the Southern Sudanese and Government ) . ''


Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski , is a Polish football club based in Grodzisk Wielkopolski , Poland .

Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski is a Polish football club based in Grodzisk Wielkopolski , Poland .


Marcell Jansen ( born November 4 1985 in MÃ nchengladbach ) is a German football player . He plays for the Hamburg and for the Germany national team .

Marcell Jansen ( ; born 4 November 1985 in MÃ nchengladbach , West Germany ) is a German footballer who plays as a left winger or left wingback for Hamburger SV and the German national team .


Ramekins usually have a volume of 50 - , and are dishes commonly used for serving a variety of dishes such as crÃ me brÃ '' lÃ e , French onion soup , Molten chocolate cake , moimoi , cheese or egg dishes , poi , potted shrimps , ice cream , soufflÃ , baked `` cocottes '' , crumbles , or scallops or used to serve side garnishes and condiments alongside an entree .

With a typical volume of 50 - , ramekins are dishes commonly used for serving a variety of dishes such as crÃ me brÃ '' lÃ e , French onion soup , Molten chocolate cake , moimoi , cheese or egg dishes , poi , potted shrimps , ice cream , soufflÃ , baked `` cocottes '' , crumbles , or scallops or used to serve side garnishes and condiments alongside an entree .


The word is from French ( as ramequin ) , and before that Middle Dutch and Middle Low German .

The word is from French ( as ramequin ) , and before that Middle Dutch and Middle Low German â `` see ramekin for details .


A ramekin or is a small glazed ceramic or glass serving bowl used for preparating and serving various food dishes .

A ramekin or ramequin is a small glazed ceramic or glass serving bowl used for the preparation and serving of various food dishes .


Ramekins are built to withstand high temperatures , as they are often used in ovens , or in the case of crÃ me brÃ '' lÃ e , exposed to the flame of a cooking torch .

Ramekins are built to withstand high temperatures , as they are frequently used in ovens , or in the case of crÃ me brÃ '' lÃ e , exposed to the flare of a cooking torch .


Wadi Halfa is a small city located in northern part of Sudan by Lake Nubia ( the Sudanese section of Lake Nasser ) .

Wadi Halfa is a city in Northern Sudan on the shores of Lake Nubia ( the Sudanese section of Lake Nasser ) .


Ranville is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

Ranville is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


When finding out that Ned 's house is to be repossessed , Homer feels bad and decides to get the store back in business by telling all the left-handed people about it .

When finding out that Ned 's house is to be repossessed , Homer feels guilty and decides to get the store back in business by telling all the left-handed citizens about it .


Ned is made to sell his things , and Homer gleefully buys many of his things .

Ned is forced to sell his possessions , and Homer gleefully buys many of his things .


It first started on the Fox network in the United States on October 3 , 1991 .

It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 3 , 1991 .


The wish comes true and gets the Flanders family into financial problems .

The wish comes true and gets the Flanders family into financial troubles .


In this episode , Homer makes a wish for Ned Flanders 's new left-handed store to go out of business .

In the episode , Homer makes a wish for Ned Flanders 's new left-handed store to go out of business .


Meanwhile , Bart takes karate lessons but quits after finding out that it is not as cool as he had thought it to be .

Meanwhile , Bart takes karate lessons but quits after discovering that it is not as interesting as he had expected it to be .


It is part of the Grand Theft Auto series of video games .

Vice City was preceded by Grand Theft Auto III and followed by Grand Theft Auto : San Andreas .


Grand Theft Auto : Vice City is a video game .

Rockstar Vienna also packaged the game with its predecessor , Grand Theft Auto III , and sold it as Grand Theft Auto : Double Pack for the Xbox . Vice Citys setting is also revisited in Grand Theft Auto : Vice City Stories , which serves as a prequel to events in Vice City .


They were divided into two batches : examples built at BR 's Swindon works were numbered in the series D800 to D832 and from D866 to D870 , had a maximum tractive effort of 52,400 pounds force and are the British Rail Class 42 of this article .

They were divided into two batches : those built at BR 's Swindon works were numbered in the series D800 to D832 and from D866 to D870 , had a maximum tractive effort of 52400 l and eventually became British Rail Class 42 .


33 others , D833-865 , were constructed by the North British Locomotive Company and became British Rail Class 43 .

33 others , D833 â `` 865 , were constructed by the North British Locomotive Company and became British Rail Class 43 .


British Railways ' ( BR ) Type 4 `` Warship '' class diesel-hydraulic locomotives were introduced in 1958 .

British Railways ' ( BR ) Type 4 Warship class diesel-hydraulic locomotives were introduced in 1958 .


The Western Region of British Railways ( in view of post-World War II sensibilities ) negotiated a licence with German manufacturers to scale down the German Federal Railway 's `` V200 '' design to suit the smaller loading gauge of the British network , and to allow British manufacturers to construct the new design .

The Western Region of British Railways negotiated a licence with German manufacturers to scale down the German Federal Railway 's `` V200 '' design to suit the smaller loading gauge of the British network , and to allow British manufacturers to construct the new design .


Thomas Bickel ( born 6 October 1963 ) is a former Swiss football player .

Thomas Bickel ( born 6 October 1963 in Aarberg ) is a retired Swiss football midfielder .


Takuya Muguruma ( born 13 June 1984 ) is a Japanese football player . He plays for Tokushima Vortis .

Takuya Muguruma is a Japanese football player currently playing for Tokushima Vortis .


Jabbi Shah Dilawar is a village and Union Council , an administrative subdivision , of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan , it is part of Talagang Tehsil and is located at .

Jabbi Shah Dilawar is a village and union council , an administrative subdivision , of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan , it is part of Talagang Tehsil and is located at 33 Â 5 ' 36N 71 Â 59 ' 29E .


The most important tributaries are Yabacao , Isabela and Savita ( or Sabita ) .

The three main tributaries of the Ozama are the Isabela River , the Sabita River and the Yabacao River .


George Lazenby ( born September 5 , 1939 ) is an Australian-born model and actor . He is most famous for his role as James Bond in the movie On Her Majesty 's Secret Service ( 1968 ) .

George Robert Lazenby ( ; born 5 September 1939 ) is an Australian actor and former model , best known for portraying James Bond in the 1969 film On Her Majesty 's Secret Service .


The Sierra Nevada , meaning `` snowy range '' in Spanish , is a mountain range in the region of Andalusia in Spain .

The Sierra Nevada ( meaning `` snowy range '' in Spanish ) is a mountain range in the region of provinces of Granada and AlmerÃ a in Spain .


It contains the highest point of continental Spain , MulhacÃ n at 3,479 m.

It contains the highest point of continental Spain , MulhacÃ n at 3478 m ( 11,411 ft. ) above sea level .


It is a popular tourist destination , as its high peaks make skiing possible in Europe 's most southern ski resort after Ski Centre on the island of Crete in an area along the Mediterranean Sea predominantly known for its warm temperatures and abundant sunshine .

It is a popular tourist destination , as its high peaks make skiing possible in one of Europe 's most southerly ski resorts , in an area along the Mediterranean Sea predominantly known for its warm temperatures and abundant sunshine .


At its foothills is found the city of Granada and , a little farther , MÃ laga and AlmerÃ a.

At its foothills is found the city of Granada and , a little further , AlmerÃ a and MÃ laga .


The initial high velocity is called the Burst Phase .

This initial period of high velocity product formation is referred to as the `` Burst Phase '' .


Burst kinetics is a form of enzyme kinetics . Upon adding enzyme to substrate , a large initial velocity is exhibited that levels off once all enzymes have been saturated .

Burst kinetics is a form of enzyme kinetics that refers to an initial high velocity of enzymatic turnover when adding enzyme to substrate .


Saint-Julien-sur-Reyssouze is a commune .

Saint-Julien-sur-Reyssouze is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France .


ClÃ cy is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

ClÃ cy is a French Commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


The Pitman arm is a component that converts the angular motion of a sector shaft into linear motion .

The Pitman arm is a steering component in an automobile or truck . The Pitman arm is a linkage attached to the steering gear ( see recirculating ball ) sector shaft , that converts the angular motion of the sector shaft into the linear motion needed to steer the wheels .


The Pitman transmits the motion it receives from the steering box into the drag link So it makes it move left or right to turn the wheels in the appropriate direction .

It transmits the motion it receives from the steering box into the drag ( or center ) link , causing it to move left or right to turn the wheels in the appropriate direction .


DenazÃ is a commune of 148 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France .

DenazÃ is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France .


The Klondike Gold Rush happened in the 1890 's when many people went to a river in Canada called Klondike who hoped to find gold there and become rich .

The Klondike Gold Rush , sometimes referred to as the Yukon gold rush , was a frenzy of gold rush immigration to and for gold prospecting , along the Klondike River near Dawson City , Yukon , Canada after gold was discovered there in the late 19th century . In total , about 12500000 o have been taken from the Klondike area in the century since its discovery .


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Multituberculates are usually placed outside both the two main groups of living mammals , the Theria ( placentals and marsupials ) , and monotremes . Some cladistic analyses put them closer to Theria than to monotremes .

Multituberculates are usually placed outside either of the two main groups of living mammals -- Theria , including placentals and marsupials , and Monotremata -- but some cladistic analyses put them closer to Theria than to monotremes .


The multituberculates had a head anatomy similar to rodents . They had cheek-teeth separated from the chisel-like front teeth by a wide tooth-less gap ( called the diastema ) .

The multituberculates had a cranial and dental anatomy similar to rodents with cheek-teeth separated from the chisel-like front teeth by a wide tooth-less gap ( the diasteme ) .


Each cheek-tooth displayed several rows of small cusps ( or tubercles , hence the name ) which worked against similar rows in the teeth of the jaw .

Each cheek-tooth displayed several rows of small cusps ( or tubercles , hence the name ) that operated against similar rows in the teeth of the jaw .


Like in modern rodents , this masticatory apparatus formed an efficient chopping device .


These species occupied many ecological niches , ranging from burrow-dwelling to squirrel-like tree-dwelling .

These species occupied a diversity of ecological niches , ranging from burrow-dwelling to squirrel-like arborealism .


Philip the Good , duke of Burgundy made peace with Charles VII of France .

Overall , it reconciled a longstanding feud between King Charles VII of France and Duke Philip of Burgundy . Philip recognized Charles VII as king of France and , in return , Philip was exempted from homage to the crown and Charles agreed to punish the murderers of Philip 's father John of Burgundy .


The Congress of Arras was a political collection of people created in Arras in 1435 between England , France , and Burgundy . The Treaty of Arras ( 1435 ) was an important diplomatic win for France late in the Hundred Years ' War .

The Congress of Arras was a diplomatic congregation established in Arras in 1435 between representatives of England , France , and Burgundy .


The Treaty of Arras ( 1435 ) was an important diplomatic win for France late in the Hundred Years ' War .

The congress gave rise to the Treaty of Arras , which was signed in 1435 and became an important diplomatic achievement for the French in the closing years of the Hundred Years ' War .


This union has been imposed by Louis XIII in 1630 ( Edict of Troyes ) and was confirmed by Louis XV .

This union was confirmed in 1731 by Louis XV with the Second Edict of Union .


The modern city was born from the union of two separate towns , Clermont and Montferrand .

At this time , Montferrand was no more than a satellite city of Clermont , in which condition it remained until the beginning of the 20th century .


A legion was about 5,000 men in several cohorts of heavy infantry ( legionaries ) .

A legion consisted of several cohorts of heavy infantry known as legionaries .


The mid Republican legion had a nominal strength of about 4500 men .

This gave the mid Republican legion a nominal strength of about 4500 men .


Roman Governors were not allowed to leave their provinces with their legions .


Centuries were normally 60 soldiers each at this time in the hastati and principes ( no longer 100 men ) .

Centuries were normally 60 soldiers each at this time in the hastati and principes ( no longer 100 men . )


It was usually accompanied by attached units of auxiliaries , who were not Roman citizens . They provided cavalry , ranged troops and skirmishers to complement the legion 's heavy infantry .

It was almost always accompanied by one or more attached units of auxiliaries , who were not Roman citizens and provided cavalry , ranged troops and skirmishers to complement the legion 's heavy infantry .


Legions were not standing armies until about 107 BC , and were instead created , used , and disbanded again .

As legions were not standing units until the Marian reforms ( c. 107 BC ) , and were instead created , used , and disbanded again , several hundred legions were named and numbered throughout Roman history .


The Eastern Roman\/Byzantine armies continued to be influenced by the earlier Roman legions , and were maintained with similar level of discipline , strategic prowess , and organization .

Despite this , the Eastern Roman\/Byzantine armies continued to be influenced by the earlier Roman legions , and were maintained with similar level of discipline , strategic prowess , and organization .


The most senior centurion of the legion was the Primus Pilus who commanded the first century .

The most senior centurion in a legion was known as the primus pilus ( first file or spear ) who directly commanded the 1st century of the first cohort and commanded the whole first cohort when in battle .


In the time of the early Roman Empire , there were usually about 25 â `` 35 standing legions plus their auxiliaries , with more raised as needed .

In the time of the Early Roman Empire , there were usually about 25 â `` 35 standing legions .


Aged about thirty , he would usually be a senator on a three year appointment .

Aged around thirty , he would usually be a senator on a three year appointment .


It had a complement of 4,200 legionaries in the republican period of Rome . In the imperial period , the full complement was 5,500 men split into 10 cohorts of 480 men each .

The size of a typical legion varied throughout the history of ancient Rome , with complements of 4,200 legionaries and 300 equites ( drawn from the wealthier classes - in early Rome all troops provided their own equipment ) in the republican period of Rome , ( the infantry were split into 30 maniples of 120 legionaries each ) , to 5,200 men plus auxiliaries in the imperial period ( split into 10 cohorts , 9 of 480 men each , plus the first cohort holding 800 men ) .


The legion was commanded by a legatus or legate .


Throughout Rome 's Late Republic , the legions played an important political role .

After the Marian reforms , and throughout the history of Rome 's Late Republic , the legions played an important political role .


Despite a number of reforms , the legionary system survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire , and was continued in the Eastern Roman Empire until around 7th century .

Despite a number of reforms , the Legion system survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire , and was continued in the Eastern Roman Empire until around 7th century , when reforms begun by Emperor Heraclius to counter the increasing need for soldiers around the Empire resulted in the Theme system .


Immediately subordinate to the legate would be six elected military tribunes . Five would be staff officers and the remaining one would be a noble heading for the Senate â '' originally this tribune commanded the legion .

Immediately subordinate to the legate would be six elected military tribunes â '' five would be staff officers and the remaining one would be a noble heading for the Senate ( originally this tribune commanded the legion ) .


With each legion having 5,120 legionaries plus an equal number of auxiliary troops , the total force available to a legion commander during the Pax Romana probably ranged from 11,000 downwards . The more prestigious legions were stationed on hostile borders or in restive provinces tending to have more auxiliaries .

With each legion having 5,120 legionaries usually supported by an equal number of auxiliary troops , the total force available to a legion commander during the Pax Romana probably ranged from 11,000 downwards , with the more prestigious legions and those stationed on hostile borders or in restive provinces tending to have more auxiliaries .


Some legions may have been reinforced with units making the force near 15,000 â `` 16,000 or about the size of a modern division .

Some legions may have even been reinforced at times with units making the associated force near 15,000 â `` 16,000 or about the size of a modern division .


Chennegy is a commune of the Aube dÃ partement in the north-central part of France .

Chennegy is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France .


Seleute is a municipality of the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland .

Seleute is a village and former municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland .


When the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland united to form the Kingdom of Great Britain under the Acts of Union 1707 the offices of the Chancellor of England and the Lord Chancellor of Scotland were combined to form a single office of Lord Chancellor for the new state .

When the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland united to form the Kingdom of Great Britain under the Act of Union 1707 the offices of the Chancellor of England and the Lord Chancellor of Scotland were combined to form a single office of Lord Chancellor for the new state .


Before the Union there were separate Lord Chancellors of England and Scotland .

Prior to the Union there were separate Lord Chancellors of England and Scotland .


He is the second highest ranking of the Great Officers of State after the Lord High Steward .

He is the second highest ranking of the Great Officers of State , ranking only after the Lord High Steward .


Clarke holds the position , as did Straw , while serving as a Member of Parliament in the House of Commons .

Clarke holds the position , as did Straw , while serving as a Member of Parliament in the House of Commons ; Jack Straw was the first Lord Chancellor since the seventeenth century not to be a peer .


The Lord Chancellor is responsible for the efficient functioning and independence of the courts .

The Lord Chancellor is a member of the Cabinet and , by law , is responsible for the efficient functioning and independence of the courts .


Saint-Aubin , Pas-de-Calais is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

Saint-Aubin is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


`` You 're My Heart , You 're My Soul '' is known as the best selling single of the duo . It sold over 8 million copies .

`` You 're My Heart , You 're My Soul '' is considered their best selling single to date with worldwide sales exceeding 8 million copies and reaching the top of the charts in 35 countries .


You 're My Heart , You 're My Soul '98 is the first single by Modern Talking from their seventh album Back for Good . It is the first one they release after their comeback in 1998 .

You 're My Heart , You 're My Soul '98 is Modern Talking 's first single released from the seventh album Back for Good , and it 's the first single after their reunion in 1998 .


`` You 're My Heart , You 're My Soul '' is the first single by the German duo Modern Talking . The song is part of their debut album `` The 1st Album '' .

`` You 're My Heart , You 're My Soul '' is the first single by German europop duo Modern Talking released off their debut album `` The 1st Album '' .


`` You 're My Heart , You 're My Soul '' is the first single by the German duo Modern Talking .

You 're My Heart , You 're My Soul '98 is Modern Talking 's first single released from the seventh album Back for Good , and it 's the first single after their reunion in 1998 . This is the re-packaged version of the original `` You 're My Heart , You 're My Soul '' , which was released in 1984 .


The single was released in 29 October 1984 . It reached the Germany Top 10 in 28 January 1985 .

The single was released on 29 October 1984 but entered the top-10 in Germany on January 28 , 1985 , almost three months after its release date .


The single was re-released in 1998 as `` You 're My Heart , You 're My Soul ' 98 '' .

The single was re-released in 1998 , `` You 're My Heart , You 're My Soul ' 98 '' for the duo 's reunion .


The music video of the single was recorded in 1984 . It was filmed in the RTL studios in Luxembourg .

The music video of the single was shot in 1984 at the RTL studios in Luxembourg .


where it stayed six weeks , It was in the German charts for 25 weeks . It earned gold status for selling 250,000 units there .

It took another five weeks for the single to reach the top of the German single chart , it spent six weeks at the No. 1 position in Germany and total of 25 weeks within the German Single Chart eventually reaching a gold status for selling well over 250,000 units at home .


It is a remix of `` You 're My Heart , You 're My Soul '' . The original song was released in 1984 .

This is the re-packaged version of the original `` You 're My Heart , You 're My Soul '' , which was released in 1984 .