These templates work similarly to and , but they do n't make the template name into a link .

These templates work similarly to and , but do n't make the template name into a link .


Code to the left and actual rendering to the right :

Code is to the left ; actual rendering to the right :


So on the first occurrence of a template name use or , and then use , or .

So on the first occurrence of a template name use or , and then use , or thereafter .


Equal signs is a problem , but there is a fix .

The use of equals signs is a problem , but there is a fix ; see next row .


Wikitables make the tags transparent , that 's why the '' '' is missing in these examples .

Note : Wikitables make the tags transparent , unfortunately , so the '' '' is missing in these examples .


Use numbered parameters to fix the problem with equals signs .


If you have equal signs in your template parameters then it probably is simpler and clearer to code it using tags etc. .

If you have equals signs in your template parameters then it probably is simpler and clearer to code it using tags , etc. .


This page is also the documentation for and that work almost exactly the same .

This page also provides the full documentation for the templates ' and ' , which work almost exactly identically .


When writing documentation you might want to avoid a lot of unnecessary links , since it decreases readability .

When writing documentation you might want to avoid a lot of unnecessary links , since they can decrease readability .


Because of the roughly 11 day difference between twelve lunar months and one solar year , the calendar repeats in a 19-year cycle of 235 lunar months , with an extra lunar month added once every two or three years , for a total of 7 times per 19 years .

Because of the roughly eleven-day difference between twelve lunar months and one solar year , the length of the Hebrew calendar year varies in a repeating 19-year Metonic cycle of 235 lunar months , with an intercalary lunar month added according to defined rules every two or three years , for a total of 7 times per 19 years .


As the Hebrew calendar was developed in the region east of the Mediterranean Sea , references to seasons reflect the times and climate of the Northern Hemisphere .

Seasonal references in the Hebrew calendar reflect its development in the region east of the Mediterranean and the times and climate of the Northern Hemisphere .


The `` modern '' form is a fixed arithmetic lunisolar calendar . Because of the roughly 11 day difference between twelve lunar months and one solar year , the calendar repeats in a 19-year cycle of 235 lunar months , with an extra lunar month added once every two or three years , for a total of 7 times per 19 years .

The Jewish calendar is a lunisolar calendar , or fixed lunar year , based on twelve lunar months of twenty-nine or thirty days , with an intercalary lunar month added seven times every nineteen years ( once every two to three years ) to synchronize the twelve lunar cycles with the slightly longer solar year .


Microsoft Security Essentials ( MSE ) is a free antivirus software created by Microsoft that provides protection against viruses , spyware , rootkits , and trojans for Windows XP ( x86 MSE replaces Windows Live OneCare , a commercial subscription-based antivirus service and the free Windows Defender , which only protected users from adware and spyware .

Microsoft Security Essentials ( MSE ) is a free antivirus software product created by Microsoft that provides protection against different types of malware such as computer virus , spyware , rootkits and trojan horses for Windows XP ( x86 ) , Windows Vista , and Windows 7 ( both x86 and x64 ) . Microsoft Security Essentials replaces Windows Live OneCare , a commercial subscription-based antivirus service and the free Windows Defender , which only protected users from adware and spyware .


It is geared for consumer use , unlike Microsoft 's upcoming enterprise-oriented product Microsoft Forefront .

Unlike the Microsoft Forefront family of enterprise-oriented security products , Microsoft Security Essentials is geared for consumer use .


VladimÃ r Å micer ( born 24 May 1973 ) is a former Czech football player .

VladimÃ r Å micer ( born 24 May 1973 in DÄ Ä Ã n ) is a former Czech football midfielder and forward player .


Ã treux is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

Ã treux is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


Merkel became Germany 's first female chancellor on 22 November 2005 in a coalition of the two biggest German political parties CDU\/CSU and SPD .

On 22 November 2005 , Merkel assumed the office of Chancellor of Germany following a stalemate election that resulted in a grand coalition with the SPD .


Dr. Angela Dorothea Merkel ( born Angela Dorothea Kasner on 17 July 1954 , Hamburg ) is a German politician , and has been Chancellor of Germany since 22 November 2005 .

Angela Dorothea Merkel , ( ; nÃ e Kasner , born 17 July 1954 ) is the current Chancellor of Germany .


After the election 2009 she formed a coalition with FDP .

She was re-elected in 2009 with a larger majority and was able to form a governing coalition with the FDP .


Covington is a city of Kentucky in the United States .

Covington is a city in Kenton County , Kentucky , United States .


It was invented in 1974 by Graham Teasdale and Bryan J. Jennett , professors of neurosurgery at the University of Glasgow .

The scale was published in 1974 by Graham Teasdale and Bryan J. Jennett , professors of neurosurgery at the University of Glasgow 's Institute of Neurological Sciences at the city 's Southern General Hospital .


ChampfrÃ mont is a commune of 248 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France .

ChampfrÃ mont is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France .


Lhuys is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

Lhuys is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


Pfleumer 's invention used an iron oxide ( Fe2O3 ) powder coating on a long strip of paper .

Pfleumer 's invention used an iron ( III ) oxide ( Fe2O3 ) powder coating on a long strip of paper .


Magnetic tape recording uses magnetic tape which moves on a recording head .

Magnetic tape is a medium for magnetic recording , made of a thin magnetizable coating on a long , narrow strip of plastic . It was developed in Germany , based on magnetic wire recording .


However , innovation in the technology continues and tape is still widely used .

Despite this , innovation in the technology continues and tape is still widely used .


Magnetic tape was first invented for recording sound by Fritz Pfleumer in 1928 in Germany .

Magnetic tape was invented for recording sound by Fritz Pfleumer in 1928 in Germany , based on the invention of magnetic wire recording by Valdemar Poulsen in 1898 .


Today , many other technologies like CD or DVD are replacing magnetic tape .

Today , other technologies can perform the functions of magnetic tape . In many cases these technologies are replacing tape .


Magnetic tape a long and narrow strip of plastic that thin magnetic material is coated on .

Magnetic tape is a medium for magnetic recording , made of a thin magnetizable coating on a long , narrow strip of plastic .


A device that stores computer data on magnetic tape can be called a tape drive , a tape unit , or a streamer .

A device that stores computer data on magnetic tape is a tape drive ( tape unit , streamer ) .


Devices that record and playback audio and video using magnetic tape are generally called tape recorders and video tape recorders respectively .

Devices that record and play back audio and video using magnetic tape are tape recorders and video tape recorders .


The Ankylosaurus ( Ankylosaurus magniventris ) was a type of armored dinosaur .

Since its description in 1908 , Ankylosaurus has been publicized as the archetypal armored dinosaur , and due to its easily recognizable appearance and the intense public interest in dinosaurs , Ankylosaurus has been a feature of worldwide popular culture for many years . A life-sized reconstruction of Ankylosaurus featured at the 1964 World 's Fair in New York City greatly contributed to its popularity .


Fischbach-G Ã slikon is a municipality of the district Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .

Fischbach-G Ã slikon is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .


The Creative Commons is a non-profit organization that tries to make creative work available for others to use and share .

Creative Commons ( CC ) is a non-profit organization headquartered in San Francisco , California , United States devoted to expanding the range of creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share . The organization has released several copyright-licenses known as Creative Commons licenses free of charge to the public .


Another of Groundwater 's short stories has been made into a live play .

Another of Groundwater 's short stories has been adapted into a live theater performance .


She worked in another job until 1999 , then she chose to become a writer .

She worked as a software engineer until 1999 , then decided to become a writer .


She went to the College of William and Mary and got a degree in Psychology and Computer Science in 1978 .

She went to the College of William and Mary and earned a degree in Psychology and Computer Science in 1978 .


Her first novel was put up for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007 .

Her first novel was nominated for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007 .


Groundwater first began writing fiction in the fifth grade , and in high school took an outside study in English .

Groundwater first began writing fiction in the fifth grade , and in high school took an independent study in English .


The first , published in March , 2007 , was put up for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007 .

Her first novel , A Real Basket Case , was nominated for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007 .


Groundwater 's short stories have won awards also .

Groundwater 's short stories have won several contests .


`` Flamingo Fatality '' won the Great Manhattan Mysteries Conclave Short Story Anthology Contest in 2005 , and her 2005 short story `` Lucky Bear '' was first in the Storyteller Magazine Flash Fiction Contest .

`` Flamingo Fatality '' won the Great Manhattan Mystery Conclave Short Story Anthology Contest in 2005 , and her 2005 short story `` Lucky Bear '' placed first in the Storyteller Magazine Flash Fiction Contest .


She writes in the Mystery genre , and has also written several short stories .

She writes primarily in the Mystery genre , but has a published science fiction novella .


After going to a few writers ' meetings , she began writing short stories .

After attending multiple writers ' conventions , she began writing short stories .


It was published in 2007 , and was put up for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007 .

It was published in 2007 , and was nominated for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007 .


Groundwater 's writings have won several awards .

Groundwater 's literary works have won multiple awards .


While collecting nectar , they also help in plant pollination .

While collecting nectar , they also assist in plant pollination .


It has a bronze-green back , a light gray chest and belly , and green flanks .

It has a bronze-green back , a pale gray chest and belly , and green flanks .


This species sometimes consumes tree sap .


Females and young have a green crown , a gray throat with some red markings , a gray chest and belly , and a dark , rounded tail with white tips on the outer feathers .

Females and juveniles have a green crown , a gray throat with some red markings , a gray chest and belly , and a dark , rounded tail with white tips on the outer feathers .


The Anna 's Hummingbird ( Calypte anna ) is 9 to 10 centimetres ( 3.5 to 3.9 in ) long .

Anna 's Hummingbird is 3.9 to 4.3 inches ( 10 to 11 centimeters ) long .


He was born September 17 , 1939 . Souter has been an Associate Justice since 1990 .

David Hackett Souter ( ; born September 17 , 1939 ) served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1990 until his retirement on June 29 , 2009 .


In May 2009 , Souter wrote President Barack Obama and said he planned to retire later in the same year .

The election of a Democratic president in 2008 made Souter more inclined to retire , but he did not want to create a situation in which there would be multiple vacancies at once . Souter apparently became satisfied that no other justices planned to retire at the end of the Supreme Court 's term in June 2009 .


The album sold 1.1 million copies its first day and 2.4 million in the first week .

It sold a record 2.42 million in its first week of release . By the end of 2000 , it had sold over 9.9 million copies .


Arch Coal was formed in July 1997 when the privately held Arch Mineral merged with the publicly traded Ashland Coal , Inc. , which had been formed in 1975 as a subsidiary of Ashland Oil .

Ashland Coal , Inc. was formed in 1975 as a subsidiary of Ashland Oil . The privately held Arch Mineral Corporation merged with Ashland Coal , Inc. in July 1997 , creating the present-day company .


Arch Mineral Corporation began in 1969 , as a partnership between Ashland Oil ( now Ashland , Inc. ) and the Hunt family of Dallas .

Arch Mineral Corporation was founded in 1969 as a partnership between Ashland Oil ( now Ashland , Inc. ) and the Hunt family of Dallas , Texas .


Lanchy is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

Lanchy is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


His studies on this subject led to three articles :


He shared the 1994 Memorial Prize in Economics with two other game theorists , Reinhard Selten and John Harsanyi .

Serving as a Senior Research Mathematician at Princeton University during the later part of his life , he shared the 1994 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with game theorists Reinhard Selten and John Harsanyi .


He received a Ph. D. in 1950 with a dissertation on non-cooperative games .

He earned a doctorate in 1950 with a 28-page dissertation on non-cooperative games .


The thesis , which was written under the supervision of Albert W. Tucker , contained the definition and properties of what would later be called the Nash equilibrium .

The thesis , which was written under the supervision of Albert W. Tucker , contained the definition and properties of what would later be called the `` Nash equilibrium '' .


From Pittsburgh he went to Princeton University where he worked on his equilibrium theory .

Thus he went to Princeton where he worked on his equilibrium theory .


John Forbes Nash Jr. ( born June 13 , 1928 ) is an American mathematician who works in game theory and differential geometry .

John Forbes Nash , Jr. ( born June 13 , 1928 ) is an American mathematician whose works in game theory , differential geometry , and partial differential equations have provided insight into the forces that govern chance and events inside complex systems in daily life .


He studied cell division , but became known as the man who discouraged Gregor Mendel from further work on genetics .

He studied cell division and pollination , but became known as the man who discouraged Gregor Mendel from further work on genetics .


People from Grades 6 â `` 12 can become students there .

Thayer currently enrolls 462 students in the Upper School ( grades 9 â `` 12 ) and an additional 218 students in the Middle School ( grades 6 â `` 8 ) .


The school was made in 1871 , at the request of General Sylvanus Thayer . Thayer Academy is one of Greater Boston 's most well respected private school 's .

General Thayer 's 1871 will provided for the creation of Thayer Academy , and on September 12 , 1877 , the academy opened its doors to 30 students in what is now Main Building .


Thayer Academy is a private school that prepares people for college . It is in Braintree , Massachusetts .

Thayer Academy ( TA ) is a private , co-educational , college-preparatory day school located in Braintree , Massachusetts .


The school was made in 1871 , at the request of General Sylvanus Thayer .

The academy , conceived in 1871 at the bequest of General Sylvanus Thayer , the father of the United States Military Academy , was founded in 1877 .


Nintendo first released the 3DS in the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2010 ( E3 2010 ) .

Announcing the device in March 2010 , Nintendo officially unveiled it at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2010 ( E3 2010 ) , with the company inviting attendees to play with the console .


It was released in Japan on February 26 , 2011 and March 27 , 2011 in the United States .

The device was released in Japan on February 26 , 2011 , Europe on March 25 , 2011 , North America on March 27 , 2011 and Australia on March 31 , 2011 .


The Nintendo 3DS is a new portable game console by Nintendo , which can make `` 3D effects without the need for any special glasses '' . The Nintendo 3DS uses autostereoscopy .

Also at the same conference , Nintendo announced a short-form video service for the Nintendo 3DS .


The Nintendo 3DS is a new portable game console by Nintendo , which can make `` 3D effects without the need for any special glasses '' .

The Nintendo 3DS is a portable game console produced by Nintendo . A distinguishing feature of the system is its ability to produce `` 3D effects without the need for any special glasses '' via a process called autostereoscopy .


This category is for articles and events specifically related to the 5th century , which began in the year 401 and ended in the year 500 .

The 5th century is the time from 401 to 500 .


National Express East Coast is the name under which the train operating company NXEC Trains Ltd operates the InterCity East Coast rail franchise , which includes services in England and Scotland along the East Coast Main Line .

National Express East Coast was a train operating company in the United Kingdom , running high speed passenger services on the East Coast Main Line between London and Scotland , as part of the East Coast passenger franchise .


NXEC Trains Ltd is a subsidiary of National Express Group . National Express took over the franchise from the Great North Eastern Railway ( GNER ) .

Under the privatised railway system in Great Britain , the franchise was operated by NXEC Trains Limited , a subsidiary of National Express Group , who operated the franchise in return for payments being made to the Department for Transport .


A cue stick ( or simply cue ) , is a kind of stick used for sports like pool , snooker and carom billiards .

A cue stick ( or simply cue , more specifically pool cue , snooker cue , or billiards cue ) , is an item of sporting equipment essential to the games of pool , snooker and carom billiards .


Cues are fixed-up sticks , normally about 58 inches ( 1.5 m ) long and 18 â `` 21 ounces ( 510 â `` 600 g ) .

Cues are tapered sticks , typically about 58 inches ( 1.5 m ) long and 18 -- 21 ounces ( 510 -- 600 g ) .


Most cues are made of wood , but sometimes the wood is covered with other materials like carbon fiber or fiberglass .

Most cues are made of wood , but occasionally the wood is covered or bonded with other materials including , graphite , carbon fiber or fiberglass .


An old term for a cue , used from the 16th to early 19th centuries , is `` billiard stick '' .

An obsolete term for a cue , used from the 16th to early 19th centuries , is `` billiard stick '' .


Tony Hawk 's Pro Skater 3 was the last game ever to be made for the Nintendo 64 .

Tony Hawk 's Pro Skater 3 , often abbreviated to THPS3 , is a video game in the Tony Hawk 's series .


Bonao is a Dominican city and the head municipality of the MonseÃ or Nouel province , in the center of the country .

Bonao is the capital of MonseÃ or Nouel province , Dominican Republic .


The city is in the Bonao Valley , at about 85 km to the northwest of Santo Domingo , the capital of the Dominican Republic .

Bonao is the capital of MonseÃ or Nouel province , Dominican Republic . It is located in the center of the country , to the northwest of the national capital Santo Domingo .


Indian Coconuts are salty , and Brazilian Coconuts have sweeter water and food .

For example , Indian and Pakistani coconuts tend to be sweet while Brazilian coconuts have a mild taste and Bangladeshi coconuts ( due to the soil composition ) have extremely sweet water and flesh with a very slight salty aftertaste similar to the Indian variety .


Coconut water is the liquid inside young coconuts .

Coconut water is the clear liquid inside young coconuts ( fruits of the coconut palm ) .


Fresh Coconuts for drinking should be young and green , and when they are , they should still be on the trees .

Fresh coconuts for drinking are typically harvested off the tree while they are green .


Coconuts in different parts of the world do not taste the same .

Coconuts from various parts of the world also differ in taste .


Coconut water has long been a popular drink in tropical islands especially in tropical Asia , Pacific Islands , and the Caribbean .

Coconut water has long been a popular drink in the tropics , especially in Southeast Asia , the Pacific Islands , such as Hawaii , and the Caribbean , where it is available fresh , canned or bottled .


Stanwood is a city of Iowa in the United States .

Stanwood is a city in Cedar County , Iowa , United States .


It is in Seminole County . It was named from an early resident , Lula Bowlegs .

Bowlegs was named after an early resident , Lula Bowlegs , a descendant of the Florida Seminole Chief Billy Bowlegs .


The population was 371 at the 2000 census .


Bowlegs is a city in Oklahoma , United States . It is in Seminole County .

Bowlegs is a town in Seminole County , Oklahoma , United States .


Gulf Breeze is a city of Florida in the United States .

The City of Gulf Breeze is now often referred to as `` Proper , '' an abbreviation of `` Gulf Breeze Proper . ''


An Ecumenical Council ( also sometimes Oecumenical Council ) or general council is a meeting of the bishops of the church of the whole world who have come together to discuss matters of Church doctrine and practice .

An ecumenical council ( or oecumenical council ; also general council ) is a conference of the bishops of the whole Christian Church convened to discuss and settle matters of Church doctrine and practice .


Tezcatlipoca ( ( teskatÉ iË poË ka ) ) was a central deity in Aztec religion .


In 1986 , a cheaper version of the Atari 2600 , called the Atari 2600 Junior , was released .

The MESS emulator supports recording and playing back of Atari 2600 emulation sessions . The Home Action Replay Page ( aka HARP ) allows Atari 2600 users to archive their favorite play sessions of the Atari 2600 system and its games .


When the Atari 2600 was first released , it was called the Atari Video Computer System or VCS .

The console was originally sold as the Atari VCS , for Video Computer System . Following the release of the Atari 5200 , in 1982 , the VCS was renamed `` Atari 2600 '' , after the unit 's Atari part number , CX2600 .


Gerhard Hendrik Armauer Hansen ( July 29 , 1841 - February 12 , 1912 ) was a Norwegian doctor and scientist who was famous for discovering the bacteria that causes leprosy in 1873 .

Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen ( 29 July 1841 â `` 12 February 1912 ) was a Norwegian physician , remembered for his identification of the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae in 1873 as the causative agent of leprosy .


It has a lemon curd filling inside a shortcrust pastry base , and meringue on the top .

Lemon meringue pie is a type of baked pie , usually served for dessert , made with a pastry base usually shortcrust or shortbread pastry , lemon curd filling and a fluffy meringue topping .


Lemon meringue pie is a type of sweet pie and dessert . It has a lemon curd filling inside a shortcrust pastry base , and meringue on the top .


Lemon meringue pie is a type of sweet pie and dessert .

Lemon meringue pie is typically prepared with a bottom pie crust , but with no upper crust : i.e. the meringue is directly on top of the lemon filling .


Abtwil is a municipality of the district Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .

Abtwil is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .


The Volkswagen Crafter is a series of vans and buses produced by Volkswagen . It replaced the Volkswagen LT in 2006 .

The Volkswagen Crafter , introduced in 2006 , is the largest 3 to 5 tonne van sold by Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles .


WrestleMania is an yearly professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment since 1985 .

WrestleMania is a professional wrestling pay-per-view event , produced annually in late March or early April by the World Wrestling Federation , later known as World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) .


Martignat is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France .


The Ogg format is unrestricted by software patents and is designed to provide for efficient internet streaming and for editing of high quality digital multimedia .

The creators of the Ogg format state that it is unrestricted by software patents and is designed to provide for efficient streaming and manipulation of high quality digital multimedia .


Ogg is a free , open standard container format for multimedia , like music and video , run by the Xiph.Org Foundation .

Ogg is a free , open standard container format maintained by the Xiph.Org Foundation .


Palahniuk started writing books when he was in his mid-thirties .

Palahniuk began writing fiction in his mid-thirties .


Chuck Palahniuk ( born February 21 , 1962 ) is an American satire author .

Charles Michael `` Chuck '' Palahniuk ( ; born February 21 , 1962 ) is an American transgressional fiction novelist and freelance journalist .


His first book , Insomnia : If You Lived Here , You 'd Be Home Already , was never made into a book because he did n't think the story was very good .

His first book , Insomnia : If You Lived Here , You 'd Be Home Already , never was adapted due to his disappointment with the story ( though a small part of it was later salvaged for use in Fight Club ) .


Palahniuk wrote this story in his spare time .

Palahniuk wrote this story in his spare time while working for Freightliner .


This success allowed him to travel and promote his books , where he reads from new and upcoming books .

Such success has allowed him to go on book tours to promote his books , where he reads from both new and upcoming works .


In 1999 , a changed version of Invisible Monsters , and his fourth novel , Survivor , were published . This made Palahniuk a cult figure .

A revised version of Invisible Monsters , as well as his fourth novel , Survivor , were also published that year , allowing Palahniuk to become a cult figure himself .


After that , Palahniuk 's later books would mostly have the same success .

From then on , Palahniuk 's later books would often meet with similar success .


A few years later Palahniuk wrote his first New York Times bestseller , Choke .

A few years later Palahniuk managed to make his first New York Times bestseller , the novel Choke .


He is well known for writing the award-winning book Fight Club . It was later made into a movie directed by David Fincher .

He is best known for the award-winning novel Fight Club , which was later made into a film directed by David Fincher and starring Brad Pitt , Edward Norton , and Helena Bonham Carter .


The Khulna District is a district of Bangladesh .


The club was established on April 10 , 1939 .


Stal Mielec is a Polish football club from Mielec .

Stal Mielec is a Polish football club based in Mielec , Poland .


Their home stadium is Stadion Stali Mielec .

The construction of the club 's current stadium , Stadion Stali Mielec at Solskiego 1 , was concluded in 1953 .


Colin Greenwood played bass guitar . Radiohead 's lead guitarist was Jonny Greenwood , Colin 's younger brother .

Thom Yorke and Colin Greenwood were in the same year , Ed O'Brien and Phil Selway were one year older and Jonny Greenwood two years younger than his brother .


On July 22 , 2010 the International Court of Justice ruled that the declaration did not violate international law .

On July 22 , 2010 the International Court of Justice ruled that the declaration did not violate international law , because it was not issued by the Assembly of Kosovo , Provisional Institutions of Self-Government , or any other official body and thus the authors , who named themselves `` representatives of the people of Kosovo '' were not bound by the Constitutional Framework ( promulgated by UNMIK ) or by UNSCR1244 that is addressed only to United Nations Member States and organs of the United Nations .


Serbia intends to seek international validation and support for its stance that the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence is illegal at the International Court of Justice , after , in October 2008 , the United Nations General Assembly approved Serbia 's proposal to request an ICJ advisory opinion on the matter , which ruled that Kosovo 's declaration of independence did not violate international law .

Serbia sought international validation and support for its stance that the declaration was illegal , and in October 2008 the United Nations General Assembly approved Serbia 's proposal to request an advisory opinion on the matter from the International Court of Justice .


The 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence was an act of the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government Assembly of Kosovo , adopted on 17 February 2008 by unanimous quorum ( 109 members present ) , which declared Kosovo to be independent from Serbia .

The declaration of independence was made by members of the Kosovo Assembly meeting in Pristina , the capital of Kosovo , on 17 February 2008 . It was approved by a unanimous quorum , numbering 109 members .


When his father abandons the family , Audie interrupted his studies at primary school in fifth grade to help support his family .

Audie attended elementary school in Celeste until his father abandoned the family in 1936 . He dropped out in the fifth grade to help support his family .


He grew up on farms near Farmersville and Greenville , Texas .

He grew up on farms near Farmersville and Greenville , Texas , and near Celeste , Texas .


Born with the name Audie Leon Murphy , he was of Irish descent , his father called Berry Emmett Murphy and his mother Josie Bell Killian .

Murphy was born in Kingston , Hunt County , Texas , to the very poor Irish sharecropper Emmett Berry Murphy and his wife Josie Bell Killian .


Wetherden is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk , Suffolk , England .

Wetherden is a village in the county of Suffolk , England .


Saint-Marcel ( also known as Saint-Marcel-en-Dombes ) is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France .


In music , an arpeggio is a group of notes in a chord which are played one after the other , instead of all at the same time .

Executing an arpeggio requires the player to play the sounds of a chord individually to differentiate the notes .


An arpeggiated chord is written with a wiggly line going from top to bottom in front of the chord .

An arpeggiated chord may be written with a squiggly vertical line in front of the chord .


Learning many musical instruments include playing scales and arpeggios .

Students of musical instruments learn how to play scales and arpeggios .


Occasionally composers such as BÃ la BartÃ k ask for them to be played from top to bottom .

Occasionally , composers such as BÃ la BartÃ k have asked for them to be played from top to bottom .


The arpeggio may either go up or go down , but it is more common going up .

An arpeggio is a group of notes which are played one after the other , either going up or going down .


An arpeggio is a type of broken chord , but there are many different kinds .


An `` arpeggiated chord '' means a chord which is `` spread '' . This means the notes do not start exactly at the same time .

An `` arpeggiated chord '' means a chord which is `` spread '' , i.e. , the notes are not played exactly at the same time , but are spread out .


An arpeggiated chord is spread from the lowest to the highest note .

It is spread from the lowest to the highest note .


Kedar Joshi ( born 1979 ) is a philosopher and writer .

Kedar Joshi ( born 31 December 1979 , in Mumbai ) is a philosopher and writer .


The popular writings are the â NSTP ( Non â `` Spatial Thinking Process ) theoryâ and the â UQV ( Ultimate Questionerâ s Vanity ) theoryâ .

The works contain The NSTP ( Non â `` Spatial Thinking Process ) Theory and The UQV ( Ultimate Questionerâ s Vanity ) Theory .


The Swahili name for the breed is umbwa wa ki-shenzi . This means common or mongrel or `` traditional dog '' .

The Swahili name for the breed is umbwa wa ki-shenzi meaning common or mongrel or `` traditional dog '' .


The Africanis is a group of rare South African dogs . They are not recognized as a breed .

The Africanis is a group of South African dogs not recognized as a breed .


Juan Pablo SorÃ n ( born 5 May 1976 ) is a former Argentine football player .

Juan Pablo SorÃ n ( born May 5 , 1976 ) is a former Argentine footballer .


He is best known for his role of Simon Camden on the television series 7th Heaven .

He is best known for the role of Simon Camden on the long running television series 7th Heaven and Mikey Ubriacco in the 1993 film Look Who 's Talking Now .


The FIBA World Championship ( also called the Basketball World Championship ) is a world basketball tournament for national teams held once every four years by the International Basketball Federation ( FIBA ) .

The FIBA World Championship is an international basketball competition contested by the men 's national teams of the members of the International Basketball Federation ( FIBA ) , the sport 's global governing body . The championship has been held every four years since the inaugural tournament in 1950 , except for two occasions .


Gravitational energy is the energy held by an object because of its high position compared to a lower position .

Gravitational energy is the energy associated with the gravitational field .


Grimbergen is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant .

Grimbergen is a municipality in the province of Flemish Brabant , in Flanders , one of the three regions of Belgium .


It was found on December 19 , 2005 by S.M. Goodman in Seychelles . It was described by Fisher , B. L. & Smith , M. A. in 2008 .

Anochetus pattersoni was discovered on 19 December 2005 by S.M. Goodman in the Seychelles and described by Fisher , B. L. & Smith , M. A. in 2008 .


A car motor becomes a CHP plant in winter , when the reject heat is useful for warming the interior of the vehicle .

A car engine becomes a CHP plant in winter , when the reject heat is useful for warming the interior of the vehicle .


Cogeneration ( also combined heat and power , CHP ) is the use of a heat engine or a power station to make both electricity and useful heat at the same time .

Cogeneration ( also combined heat and power , CHP ) is the use of a heat engine or a power station to simultaneously generate both electricity and useful heat .


In most heat engines , a bit more than half is wasted as excess heat ( see : Second law of thermodynamics ) .

In most heat engines , a bit more than half is lost as excess heat ( see : Second law of thermodynamics and Carnot 's theorem ) .


Combined heat and power captures the byproduct heat for domestic or industrial heating purposes , either very close to the plant , or - especially in Scandinavia and eastern Europe - for distribution through pipes to heat local housing .

By contrast CHP captures some or all of the by-product heat for heating purposes , either very close to the plant , or -- especially in Scandinavia and eastern Europe -- as hot water for district heating with temperatures ranging from approximately 80 to 130 Â C. This is also called Combined Heat and Power District Heating or CHPDH .


By capturing the excess heat , CHP uses heat that would be wasted in a conventional power plant , potentially reaching an efficiency of up to 70 % , compared with at most 40 % for the conventional plants .

By capturing the excess heat , CHP uses heat that would be wasted in a conventional power plant , potentially reaching an efficiency of up to 89 % , compared with 55 % for the best conventional plants .


In separate production of electricity some energy is lost as waste heat , but in cogeneration this energy performs useful work ( see energy ) .

In separate production of electricity some energy must be rejected as waste heat , but in cogeneration this thermal energy is put to good use .


Thermal power plants ( including those that use fissile elements or burn coal , petroleum , or natural gas ) , and heat engines in general , do not convert all of their available energy into electricity .

Thermal power plants ( including those that use fissile elements or burn coal , petroleum , or natural gas ) , and heat engines in general , do not convert all of their thermal energy into electricity .


An exact match between the heat and electricity needs rarely exists .

In practice , an exact match between the heat and electricity needs rarely exists .


This example scores the point that deployment of CHP depends on heat uses in the neighborhood of the heat engine .

This example illustrates the point that deployment of CHP depends on heat uses in the vicinity of the heat engine .


Cogeneration plants are commonly found in district heating systems of big towns , hospitals , prisons , oil refineries , paper mills , wastewater treatment plants , thermal enhanced oil recovery wells and industrial plants with large heating needs .

Cogeneration plants are commonly found in district heating systems of cities , hospitals , prisons , oil refineries , paper mills , wastewater treatment plants , thermal enhanced oil recovery wells and industrial plants with large heating needs .


Conventional power plants emit the heat created as a byproduct of electricity generation into the environment through cooling towers , as flue gas , or by other means .

All power plants must emit a certain amount of heat during electricity generation . This can be released into the natural environment through cooling towers , flue gas , or by other means .


Sagan Tosu is a football club which plays in Japan .

Sagan Tosu is a Japanese professional football ( soccer ) club , currently playing in the J. League Division 2 . The team is located in Tosu , Saga Prefecture .


According to the general theory of relativity , a black hole is a region of space from which nothing , including light , can escape .

A black hole is a region of space from which nothing , not even light , can escape .


Black holes have also been found in the middle of every major galaxy in the universe . These are called supermassive black holes , and are the biggest black holes of all .

Primordial black holes could thus account for the creation of any type of black hole .


He discovered this by quantum field theory in a static black hole background .

He got this result by applying quantum field theory in a static black hole background .


These are called supermassive black holes , and are the biggest black holes of all .

These heavy black holes could be the seeds of the supermassive black holes found in the centers of most galaxies .


It is called `` black '' because it absorbs all the light that hits it , reflecting nothing , just like a perfect black body in thermodynamics .

It is called `` black '' because it absorbs all the light that hits the horizon , reflecting nothing , just like a perfect black body in thermodynamics .


Around a black hole there is an undetectable surface which marks the point of no return , called an event horizon .

Around a black hole there is an undetectable surface called an event horizon that marks the point of no return .


Under the theory of quantum mechanics black holes possess a temperature and emit Hawking radiation through slow dissipation by anti-protons .

Quantum mechanics predicts that black holes emit radiation like a black body with a finite temperature .


The shrubs used in topiary are evergreen , have small leaves , and produce dense foliage .

The plants used in topiary are evergreen , mostly woody , have small leaves or needles , produce dense foliage , and have compact and\/or columnar ( e.g. fastigiate ) growth habits .


Shaped wire cages are sometimes used in modern topiary but traditional topiary depends on using special scissors with patience and a steady hand .

Shaped wire cages are sometimes employed in modern topiary to guide untutored shears , but traditional topiary depends on patience and a steady hand ; small-leaved ivy can be used to cover a cage and give the look of topiary in a few months .


BrÃ lidy is a commune . It is found in the region Bretagne in the CÃ tes-d ` Armor department in the west of France .

BrÃ lidy is a commune in the CÃ tes-d ` Armor department in Bretagne in north-western France .


Micah Richards ( born 24 June 1988 ) is a English football player . He plays for Manchester City .

Micah Lincoln Richards ( born 24 June 1988 ) is an English footballer who plays for Manchester City in the Premier League .


Hollow Creek is a city of Kentucky in the United States .

Hollow Creek is a city in Jefferson County , Kentucky , United States .


Stoddart preferred to sell the team to someone who could `` take it further '' than he could . He also wanted an owner who would maintain the team in its traditional base in Italy .

Owner Paul Stoddart claimed to have had 41 approaches to buy the team , but preferred to sell it to someone who could ` take it further ' than he could and who would maintain it in its traditional base in Italy .


Scuderia Toro Rosso ( Italian for Team Red Bull ) or just Toro Rosso is one of two Formula One teams owned by Austrian beverage company Red Bull . The other team is Red Bull Racing .

Scuderia Toro Rosso ( Italian for Team Red Bull ) , also known simply as Toro Rosso or by its abbreviation STR , is one of two Formula One teams owned by Austrian beverage company Red Bull ( the other is Red Bull Racing ) .


The terms of the deal with Red Bull included a requirement that the team must keep in Faenza , Italy until at least the season .

Included in the terms of the deal with Red Bull was the clause that the team must keep its headquarters in Faenza , Italy until at least the 2007 season .


Red Bull changed the name of the team after taking control of the team to ` Scuderia Toro Rosso ' .

Red Bull changed the name of the team immediately after taking control of the team on 1 November 2005 . It was initially reported as ` Squadra Toro Rosso ' but then changed because ` squadra ' in Italian depicts a ` squad ' like a football team , to ` Scuderia Toro Rosso ' .


Following the European Grand Prix , Scott Speed was removed as a driver . He was replaced by BMW Sauber development driver Sebastian Vettel .

Following the European Grand Prix , Speed was dropped under controversial circumstances and was replaced by BMW Sauber development driver Sebastian Vettel who was later confirmed for .


With Vettel moving to Red Bull Racing SÃ bastien Buemi and SÃ bastien Bourdais were the Toro Rosso drivers for .

With Vettel moving to Red Bull Racing SÃ bastien Buemi and SÃ bastien Bourdais led the team 's assault in the 2009 World Championship .


The new Formula One regulations for 2006 required new V8 engines .

This concession had been granted to assist less well funded teams by avoiding the cost of sourcing a new supply of V8 engines as required by the 2006 regulations .


Liuzzi had raced part time for Red Bull Racing in , while Speed entered F1 following the Red Bull Driver Search in the United States .

Liuzzi had raced part time for Red Bull Racing in 2005 , while Speed entered F1 following the Red Bull Driver Search in the United States .


Vitantonio Liuzzi and Scott Speed were the race drivers , with Neel Jani filling the test\/third driver role .

Vitantonio Liuzzi and Scott Speed were the 2006 race drivers , with Neel Jani filling the test\/third driver role .


Scuderia Toro Rosso is not the first sports team to be bought and completely renamed . The same was done for Red Bull Racing ( formerly Jaguar Racing ) , the Austrian football club Red Bull Salzburg ( formerly SV Austria Salzburg ) , Austrian Ice Hockey team Red Bull Salzburg EC and MLS ' Red Bull New York ( previously Metrostars ) .

Sports sponsorship is a major part of Red Bull 's marketing strategy , and Scuderia Toro Rosso is not the first sports team to be bought and completely re-branded : it has done the same for Red Bull Racing ( formerly Jaguar Racing ) , the Austrian football club Red Bull Salzburg ( formerly SV Austria Salzburg ) , Austrian Ice Hockey team Red Bull Salzburg EC and MLS ' Red Bull New York ( previously Metrostars ) .


Vitantonio Liuzzi scored Roro Rosso 's first point in its first season at the United States Grand Prix .

Vitantonio Liuzzi scored the team 's first point in its first season at the 2006 United States Grand Prix .


Toro Rosso claim that this design was first produced during by Jaguar Racing , Red Bull 's predecessor . They believed that the design rights had belonged to the Ford Motor Company , Jaguar Racing 's parent company before passing to Toro Rosso .

Toro Rosso claim that this design was originally produced during 2004 by Jaguar Racing , Red Bull 's predecessor , and that the intellectual rights had belonged to the Ford Motor Company , Jaguar Racing 's parent company before passing to Toro Rosso .


Other current sponsors and suppliers include Hangar-7 , Volkswagen , Advanti Racing ( wheel ) , USAG , Magneti Marelli , Advanti Racing , Siemens and Hexagon Metrology .

Other current sponsors and suppliers include Hangar-7 , Volkswagen , Advanti Racing ( wheel ) , USAG , Magneti Marelli , and Hexagon Metrology .


On 20 July , the team announced that Jaime Alguersuari will replace Bourdais starting with the Hungarian Grand Prix .

On 20 July 2009 , the team announced that Jaime Alguersuari would replace him as official driver for the rest of the season .


Before the season started , the team 's boss Franz Tost said that it would be `` difficult '' to do as well as they did in the 2008 season .

Before the season started , the team 's boss Franz Tost said that it would be `` difficult '' to do as well as they did in the season .


Scuderia Toro Rosso 's drivers for were Sebastian Vettel and SÃ bastien Bourdais .

Scuderia Toro Rosso 's drivers for 2008 were Sebastian Vettel and SÃ bastien Bourdais .


The 2007 season was generally disappointing . The team suffered poor reliability and driver errors that lead to a low number of race finishes .

The 2007 season was generally disappointing , with poor reliability and driver errors leading to a low finishing record .


Jani was the test driver for Sauber Petronas in .

Jani was the test driver for Sauber Petronas in 2004 .


They relived that the concession to allow the team use the V10 engine was based on Minardi 's poor financial situation , and should not have apply after the team was purchased by Red Bull .

They contended that the concession to allow the team use a V10 engine was based on Minardi 's poor financial situation , and should not have continued to apply after the team achieved a completely different financial footing .


Red Bull decided to changed the Minardi name because of their sponsorship and marketing plans . Red Bull used the Italian language in the new name to hint at the team 's Italian heritage .

Whilst Red Bull have abandoned the Minardi name in line with their own sponsorship and marketing plans , the use of the Italian language in the name is intended to hint at the team 's Italian heritage .


Minardi had a large fan base , but they were one of the least competitive teams in the sport . The main reason for their lack of performance was a relatively small budget .

Despite having a large fan base , they had been one of the least competitive teams in the sport , due to a relatively restricted budget .


It was a big improvement over the preceding race . At the Japanese Grand Prix , Vettel crashed into Mark Webber 's Red Bull under safety car conditions ( full course yellow ) .

It was a marked improvement over the preceding Japanese Grand Prix , where Vettel crashed into Mark Webber 's Red Bull under safety car conditions while they were running second and third respectively , and Liuzzi lost a potential point after a 25-second penalty for overtaking Adrian Sutil 's Spyker for eighth under waved yellow flags dropped him to ninth .


For the season , Toro Rosso began using the Ferrari 056 V8 engine , taking over the contract that Red Bull Racing broke from by switching to Renault engines .

For the 2007 season , Toro Rosso began using the Ferrari V8 engine , taking over the contract that their senior team broke from by switching to Renault power .


At the Chinese Grand Prix , Toro Rosso scored their best results . Vettel finishing fourth and Liuzzi sixth , scoring eight points for the team .

At the Chinese Grand Prix the Toro Rosso scored their best results , with Vettel finishing fourth and Vitantonio Liuzzi sixth , scoring eight points for the team .


Formula One allowing Toro Rosso to use this option after the Red Bull takeover caused friction with other teams , in particular Super Aguri and Midland .

The continuation of this arrangement after the Red Bull takeover caused friction with other teams , in particular Super Aguri and Midland who felt that the engine conferred too much of an advantage .


The team pulled off a massive shock at the wet Italian Grand Prix . Vettel claiming a pole position and won the race .

The team pulled off a massive shock at the wet Italian Grand Prix , with Vettel claiming a first pole position and the first win for himself and the team .


The driver did not finish the Grand Prix , but was classified , as he completed over 90 % of the race distance .

â The driver did not finish the Grand Prix , but was classified as he completed over 90 % of the race distance .


The 2006 Toro Rosso chassis was a modified version of the 2005 Red Bull Racing RB1 .

The 2006 chassis was a modified version of the 2005 Red Bull Racing RB1 .


This was also the first win for a Ferrari engine in a customer chassis .

This was the first win by a team based in Italy other than Ferrari since the 1957 German Grand Prix , which was won by Juan Manuel Fangio in a Maserati and also the first win for a Ferrari engine in a customer chassis .


On 16 July , Toro Rosso announced that Bourdais ' contract was terminated .

On 16 July 2009 , the team announced that SÃ bastien Bourdais ' contract was to be terminated with immediate effect due to disappointing results .


The team 's first pole position and victory were scored by Sebastian Vettel at the Italian Grand Prix .

The team 's first pole position , podium and victory were scored by Sebastian Vettel at the 2008 Italian Grand Prix .


Three-time Champ Car champion SÃ bastien Bourdais was the unofficial test driver several times during the season .

Three-time Champ Car champion SÃ bastien Bourdais was an occasional test driver several times during the season .


At the launch of the STR2 on 13 February , Gerhard Berger confirmed Liuzzi as a driver .

At the launch of the STR2 on 13 February , Toro Rosso confirmed Liuzzi as a 2007 driver .


Some teams felt that this infringed the rule that each team must design their own car .

Some teams felt that this infringed the Concorde Agreement as each team is expected to design their own car .


The 2008 contract between the FIA and the Formula One teams outlawing customer cars starting in . Because of this , Red Bull put the Toro Rosso team up for sale in March 2008 .

With the 2008 Concorde Agreement outlawing customer cars from onwards , Dietrich Mateschitz put the Toro Rosso team up for sale in March 2008 .


James Gaskell ( born 20 May 1990 in Crewe , England ) is a rugby union player for Sale Sharks in the Guinness Premiership .

James Gaskell ( born 20 May 1990 in Crewe , England ) is a rugby union player for Sale Sharks in the Aviva Premiership .


They are often rectangular , and may or may not have handles with which to carry them .

They are made in a range of shapes but are commonly found in oval or rectangular forms , sometimes with cutout or attached handles with which to carry them .


Hard water is water that has a high mineral content ( contrast with soft water ) .

Hard water is water that has high mineral content ( in contrast with soft water ) .


The towns of Hohenstein and Ernstthal were united in 1898 . The town is either known by its hyphenated form , or simply called Hohenstein .

The towns of Hohenstein and Ernstthal were united in 1898 , and the town is either known by its hyphenated form , or simply called Hohenstein .


From 1953 to 1990 Chemnitz was called Karl-Marx-Stadt .

From 10 May 1953 to 21 June 1990 , Chemnitz was named Karl-Marx-Stadt .


Danville is a city of Virginia in the United States .

The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Danville with Pittsylvania county for statistical purposes under the Danville , Virginia Metropolitan Statistical Area . Danville is also called the city of churches because it has more churches per square mile than any other city in the state of Virginia .


K-9 and Company was a 1981 television spin-off of the original series of Doctor Who .

K-9 and Company was a proposed television spin-off of the original program run of Doctor Who ( 1963 â `` 1989 ) .


It featured Sarah Jane Smith , played by Elisabeth Sladen , and K-9 , a robotic dog .

It was to feature former series regulars Sarah Jane Smith , an investigative journalist played by Elisabeth Sladen , and K-9 , a robotic dog .


A single episode , `` A Girl 's Best Friend '' , was produced , but the series was not taken up .

A single episode , `` A Girl 's Best Friend '' , was produced as a pilot for a proposed program , but was not taken up .


Generally , it is also known as Proof by contradiction .

For the mathematical form of proof by contradiction , see Proof by contradiction .


Ballots is a commune of 1036 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France .

Ballots is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France .


The Collapse template is used for placing collapse boxes around short discussions and bits of discussions ( tables , long code samples , etc. ) .

The Collapse template is used for placing collapse boxes around short discussions and bits of discussions ( concluded polls , long code samples , etc. ) .


Note : does not work , which is lame ; to disable the feature , you have to remove the entire parameter and value .

Note : does not work ; to disable the feature , you have to remove the entire parameter and value .


Limerick is a city and the county seat of County Limerick in the province of Munster , in the midwest of the Republic of Ireland .

This changed the electoral boundaries from Limerick East and Limerick West to Limerick City and Limerick .


The match was played by Zenit St. Petersburg of Russia and Rangers of Scotland .

The match was contested by Zenit St. Petersburg of Russia and Rangers of Scotland .


The 2008 UEFA Cup Final was the 37th final of the UEFA Cup . It is UEFA 's second tier club football tournament .

The 2008 UEFA Cup Final was the 37th final of the UEFA Cup , UEFA 's second tier club football tournament .


Fans queued overnight for a seat in the stadium . The capacity was reached more than two hours before kick-off .

Fans queued overnight for a seat in the stadium , and the capacity was reached more than two hours before kick-off .


It was called a battle of Rangers coaching staff , with ex-boss Dick Advocaat , currently the manager of Zenit against current boss Walter Smith . Smith has had two times as manager of Rangers .

It was billed as a battle of Rangers managerial staff , with ex-boss Dick Advocaat , currently the manager of Zenit , pitted against current boss Walter Smith , who has had two stints as manager of Rangers , with both completing the Scottish domestic treble ; Smith in 1993 , Advocaat in 1999 .


Zenit won the match 2 â `` 0 . They had goals from Igor Denisov and Konstantin Zyryanov .

Zenit won the match 2 â `` 0 , with goals coming from Igor Denisov and Konstantin Zyryanov , to win Zenit their first UEFA Cup title , and make them only the second Russian side to win the competition , after CSKA Moscow in 2004 â `` 05 .


It was first shown at a ceremony in the stadium on December 6 .

It was unveiled at a ceremony in the stadium on December 6 .


The match was played at the City of Manchester Stadium . It is the home stadium of Manchester City F.C. , in Manchester , England , at 20:45 CEST ( 19:45 local time ) on 14 May 2008 .

The match was played at the City of Manchester Stadium , home ground of Manchester City F.C. , in Manchester , England , at 20:45 CEST ( 19:45 local time ) on 14 May 2008 .


Takenori Hayashi ( born 14 October 1980 ) is a Japanese football player . He plays for JEF United Ichihara Chiba .

Takenori Hayashi is a Japanese football player who currently plays for JEF United Ichihara Chiba .


Sir Alex Ferguson ( born 31 December 1941 ) is a Scottish football manager .

Sir Alexander Chapman `` Alex '' Ferguson , CBE , popularly known as Sir Alex or Fergie ( born 31 December 1941 in Govan , Glasgow ) is a Scottish football manager and former player , currently managing Manchester United , where he has been in charge since 1986 .


The waxing crescent moon symbolizes the hope of the country for a shining future and the stars represent the five provinces ( Welayatlar ) of Turkmenistan-Ahal , Balkan , Dashhowuz , Lebap , and Mary .

The waxing crescent moon symbolizes the hope of the country for a shining future and the stars represent the five provinces ( welayatlar ) of Turkmenistan -- Ahal , Balkan , Dashhowuz , Lebap , and Mary .


Roanoke is a city of Virginia in the United States .

It is located in the Roanoke Valley of the Roanoke Region of Virginia .


Storm is a seven time NWA World Tag Team Champion with Chris Harris ( six ) and Christopher Daniels ( one ) , four time and current TNA World Tag Team Champion with Robert Roode and two time World Beer Drinking Champion . Storm also won the Asylum Alliance Tag Team Tournament in 2003 with Chris Harris , the Team 3D Invitational Tag Team Tournament in 2009 with Robert Roode and the TNA Tag Team Championship Series in 2010 with Robert Roode .

During his years in the company , Storm has been an 11-time Tag Team champion having won the NWA World Tag Team Championship seven times and the TNA World Tag Team Championship four times .


James Allan Black ( born June 1 , 1975 in Franklin , Tennessee ) is a American professional wrestler who is better known by the ring name , James Storm and is currently signed to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling where he is one half of the wrestling stable , Beer Money , Inc. with Robert Roode .

James Allan Black ( born June 1 , 1975 ) is an American professional wrestler who competes under the ring name James Storm . He is currently contracted with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling , where he currently holds the TNA World Tag Team Championship with Robert Roode , whom he teams with as Beer Money , Inc. .


It is also used to make cadmium sulfide , a pigment .

It is also a precursor to cadmium-based pigment such as cadmium sulfide .


Cadmium sulfate is used to electroplate cadmium on electronic circuits .

Cadmium sulfate is used widely for the electroplating of cadmium in electronic circuits .


Her works were made between 1946 and 1971 it showed new views by merging traditional spadework with linguistics and mythological info .

Her works published between 1946 and 1971 introduced new views by combining traditional spadework with linguistics and mythological interpretation , but earned a mixed reception by other professionals .


Marija Gimbutas ( Lithuanian : Marija GimbutienÄ -- , born Marija BirutÄ -- AlseikaitÄ -- ) ( Vilnius , Lithuania , January 23 , 1921 â `` Los Angeles , United States February 2 , 1994 ) , was a Lithuanian-American archeologist known for her research into the Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures of `` Old Europe '' , a new thing she introduced .

Marija Gimbutas ( Vilnius , January 23 , 1921 â `` Los Angeles , United States February 2 , 1994 ) , was a Lithuanian-American archeologist known for her research into the Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures of `` Old Europe '' , a term she introduced .


`` Sunday school '' is the name for many different kinds of religious education done on Sundays .

Sunday school is the generic name for many different types of religious education pursued on Sundays by various denominations .


The first Sunday school may have been that opened in 1751 in St. Mary 's Church , Nottingham .

The first Sunday school may have been opened in 1751 in St. Mary 's Church , Nottingham .


Some Roman Catholic churches do Sunday schools , though Catholics commonly refer to Sunday school as `` Catechism class '' .

Some Roman Catholic churches operate Sunday schools , though Catholics commonly refer to Sunday school as `` catechism class '' .


Another early start was made by Hannah Ball , a native of High Wycombe in Buckinghamshire , England , who founded a school within the town in 1769 .

Another early start was made by Hannah Ball , a native of High Wycombe in Buckinghamshire , who founded a school there in 1769 .


Cosworth has had a long and well respected career in Formula One , beginning in 1963 .

Cosworth has had a long and distinguished career in Formula One , beginning in 1963 .


The DFV did win the 24 hours of Le Mans twice in its original 3.0 litre form .

Despite this handicap the DFV won the 24 hours of Le Mans twice in its original 3.0 litre form for Mirage and Rondeau ( although the Mirage win in 1975 was with a significantly de-tuned unit ) .


The engine featured the Vega sleeveless , aluminum-alloy block fitted with forged components .

The engine features the Vega sleeveless , aluminium-alloy block fitted with forged components .


In 1988 Cosworth built the DFR , which was used in F1 by the smaller teams until 1991 . It scored its last points in 1990 .

The DFZ was produced as an interim model , but in 1988 Cosworth created the DFV 's final evolution , the DFR , which soldiered on in F1 with smaller teams until 1991 , scoring its last points - including a pair of second places by Jean Alesi - with Tyrrell in 1990 .


The FVA was part of the same Ford contract that gave rise to the DFV .

The FVA was notable for being part of the same Ford contract that gave rise to the DFV ; the cylinder head on the FVA pioneered many of Duckworth 's ideas that would be used on the V8 engine .


The XG finished 2nd in its first race at Michigan on 27 July 2003 .

The XG finished 2nd in its first race at Michigan on July 27 , 2003 .


Cosworth increased its work with Ford in 1969 . Cosworth developed a double overhead camshaft ( DOHC ) 16-valve inline four cylinder engine for road use in the European Ford Escort .

Cosworth increased its association with Ford in 1969 , by developing a double overhead camshaft ( DOHC ) 16-valve inline four cylinder engine for road use in the Ford Escort .


1500 c and 1600 c engines were were built use in Formula B , sports car racing , and the Lotus Cortina .

1500 c and 1600 c units were developed in 1963 for use in Formula B and sports car racing , as well as for powering the Lotus Cortina .


Cosworth tried to design a full Formula One Grand Prix car in 1969 .

Cosworth made an attempt at designing a full Formula One Grand Prix car in 1969 .


These are 300 horsepower 2.3 L inline-four engines based on the Mazda MZR engine .

Currently these are 300 h 2300 c inline-four engines based on the Mazda MZR engine .


Even thought it was an independent company , it was supported by the Ford Motor Company for many years . Most of the Cosworth engines were named Ford engines .

Cosworth , despite being an independent company , was supported by Ford Motor Company for many years , and most of the Cosworth engines were named as Ford engines .


These engines were modified versions of the 1000 c Inline-four Ford Kent engine for Formula Junior .

These were modified versions of the 1000 c Ford Kent engine for Formula Junior .


In 1970 , Ford asked Weslake and Co to build the BDA Engine for them , and by the end of 1970 the production line had been installed at Rye and production was under way .

In 1970 , Ford asked Weslake and Co of Rye to build the BDA Engine for them , and by the end of 1970 the production line had been installed at Rye and production was under way .


It only raced only for a short time . In was used by the Haas Lola team in and the Benetton Formula team in .

This had a long development history but raced only briefly , in 1986 , with the Haas Lola team and in 1987 with the Benetton Formula team .


In the United States , Cosworth has also appeared in the name of a road car , the Chevrolet Vega .

In the USA , the name has also appeared in the title of a road car ( well before it did in Europe ) as the Cosworth version of the Chevrolet Vega .


Williams began using the new CA2006 Cosworth V8 engines for the 2006 season .

Williams began testing the new CA2006 2.4 litre V8 in November 2005 , and used the Cosworth V8 engines for the 2006 season .


The contract told Duckworth to build a four-cylinder Ford-based F2 engine to prove it would work ( see the FVA above ) . After that , a pure Cosworth V8 would be built .

The contract stipulated that a four-cylinder Ford-based F2 engine would be developed as proof of concept ( see the FVA above ) and that a pure Cosworth V8 would be built based on this .


The new Cosworth WAA engine also was Cosworthâ s first one-piece head . The camshaft carrier was cast with the head itself .

The new Cosworth WAA engine also was Cosworthâ s first one-piece head , i.e. the camshaft carrier was cast integral with the head itself .


The CA2010 is the same 2.4 litre V8 base of the CA2006 used by Williams . It has been re-tuned from 20,000 rpm to the current 18,000 rpm limit required on all engines .

The CA2010 is the same 2.4 litre V8 base of the CA2006 used by Williams , but has been re-tuned for the current 18,000 rpm limit required on all engines , down from its original 20,000 rpm implementation .


The first sports car to use a DFV failed to finish a single race because of repeated breakdowns .

The first sports car to use a DFV , the Ford P68 , failed to finish a single race because of repeated mechanical and electrical failures .


Cosworth has had a long relationship with the Ford Motor Company . This started when Cosworth started building racing engines in 1959 .

Cosworth has had a long relationship with Ford Motor Company , which began when Cosworth started manufacturing racing engines in 1959 .


Most teams just built a car around a Cosworth DFV and a Hewland gearbox .

Most teams just built a tub around a Cosworth DFV and a Hewland gearbox .


Cosworth has made several 3.0 L V10 engines for other Formula One teams .

Cosworth has subsequently made several 3000 c V10 engines for a number of Formula One teams .


The engine featured electronic ignition , electronic fuel injection , and stainless steel headers .

The engine features electronic ignition , Bendix electronic fuel injection , and stainless steel headers .


In 1975 , Cosworth developed the DFX engine . A turbocharged 2.65 litre engine , the DFX became the standard engine to run in IndyCar racing .

In 1975 ; Cosworth developed the DFX , by destroking the engine to 2650 c and adding a turbocharger , the DFX became the standard engine to run in IndyCar racing , ending the reign of the Offenhauser , and maintaining that position until the late 1980s .


A racing version was also available for a short time . The FBE had with individual throttle butterflies for each cylinder .

A racing version was also available for a short time - FBE - with individual throttle butterflies for each cylinder .


The Mallite was for the main structural monocoque ( car body ) sections . This is a procedure he developed on the first McLaren single-seat race cars , including the McLaren M2B of 1966 .

The external design of the car was a product of Herd 's use of Mallite sheeting ( a wood-aluminium laminate composite ) for the principal structural monocoque sections , a technique he pioneered on the first McLaren single-seat cars , including the McLaren M2B of 1966 .


This engine featured dual overhead camshafts with 16 valves .

This engine featured 16 valves operated by twin overhead camshafts driven by a train of 9 gears .


Designed around the existing M102 engine , its valves set a 45 Â angle , rather than the 40 Â of the BDA .

Designed around the existing M102 head bolt pattern , the new twin cam , 16 valve , pentroof head , had its valves set a 45 Â included angle , rather than the 40 Â angle of the BDA .


In 2010 Cosworth returned as the engine supplier for Williams . They also supplied three new teams ; Hispania Racing , Lotus Racing and Virgin Racing .

In 2010 Cosworth returned as the engine supplier for Williams and three new teams ; Hispania Racing , Lotus F1 Racing and Virgin Racing .


Mercedes wanted a 320 bhp engine based on the 136 bhp Mercedes M102 2.3 litre 4-cylinder engine . The task was given to Mike Hall , who design the famed DFV and BDA engines .

The request was a huge surprise for Cosworth , and the original brief for a 320 bhp engine based on the 136 bhp Mercedes M102 2.3 litre SOHC 4-cylinder engine was passed duly passed to Mike Hall , who â drew the famed DFV and BDA engineâ .


It used an new design of a 4WD transmission designed by Keith Duckworth . This transmission was different from the Ferguson transmission used by all other 4WD F1 cars of the 1960s .

The car , designed by Robin Herd , used an original 4WD transmission designed by Keith Duckworth ( different from the Ferguson used by all other 4WD F1 cars of the 1960s ) and powered by a magnesium version of the DFV unit .


While designed as an F1 engine , the DFV was also used as in endurance racing . Its design led to vibrations putting stress on devices surrounding the engine .

While designed as an F1 engine , the DFV was also used as in endurance racing , although its flat-plane design led to destructive vibrations putting stress on devices surrounding the engine , especially the exhaust system .


In 1991 , these engines were supplied to the new Jordan Grand Prix team . In 1992 , they went to Team Lotus .

In 1991 , these were supplied to the fledgling Jordan Grand Prix outfit , and for 1992 , Team Lotus .


This engine dominated the category until 1971 . It was also used in sports car racing as the FVC .

This engine dominated the category until 1971 , and was also used in sports car racing in 1.8 litre form as the FVC .


The Hart 420R owes much to the BDA series .

The Hart 420R owes much to the BDA series , being essentially an aluminium-block derivative using similar heads .


They modified the DFV for the newly-created Formula 3000 . The DFV remained in F3000 until 1992 .

It was the advent of turbocharged engines in Formula One which sounded the death knell for the venerable DFV , and in 1986 Cosworth returned to the lower formulae preparing the DFV for the newly-created Formula 3000 , with the installation of a compulsory 9,000 rpm rev limiter , which scaled power back from 500 to 420 b ; the DFV remained in this class until 1992 .


The DFV design used a similar cylinder head to the one on the FVA engine wih custom cylinder block and crankcase . This created the legendary DFV - literally meaning `` Double Four Valve '' .

The DFV design used a similar cylinder head to the one Duckworth had prototyped on the four-cylinder FVA units on a custom Cosworth cylinder block and crankcase , forming a single 90 Â V8 engine , thus creating a legend in its own right , the DFV - literally meaning `` Double Four Valve '' .


Racing versions could develop about 400 horsepower . A limited edition version was introduced in 1987 .

Racing versions could develop about 400 h. A limited edition evolution model was introduced in 1987 , the RS500 , with power now exceeding 550 h in full racing trim .


The Champ Car World Series merged into the Indy Racing League IndyCar Series prior to the 2008 season . Cosworth does not currently provide engines to any American open wheel racing series .

The Champ Car World Series merged into the Indy Racing League IndyCar Series prior to the 2008 season , and Cosworth does not currently provide engines to any American open wheel racing series .


UEI was taken over by Carlton Communications in 1988 . Carlton wanted some of the audio-visual companies that were part of UEI .

After Keith Duckworth decided he did n't want to be involved with the day-to-day business of running a growing company , he sold out to United Engineering Industries ( UEI ) in 1980 , retaining his life presidency and day-to-day technical involvement with Cosworth , and becoming a UEI board director ; UEI was a group of small to medium-sized technology companies which was taken over by Carlton Communications in 1988 - Carlton was primarily interested in some of the audio-visual companies in the UEI portfolio and Cosworth was a poor fit with these ; a new buyer for the company in the engineering\/automotive sector was sought and the traditional engineering company Vickers plc bought Cosworth in 1990 .


The final version of the Cosworth-Kent , in 1965 , was the MAE . It was used in Formula 3 when 1000 c engines were allowed .

The final evolution of the Cosworth-Kent , in 1965 , was the MAE , when new rules were introduced in Formula 3 allowing 1000 c engines .


The DFV is still being used in Classic F1 racing . The FIA given them World Championship status in 2004 .

The DFV has recently been given a new lease of life thanks to the interest in Classic F1 racing , which was given a World Championship status by the FIA in 2004 .


The twin-cam , 16 valve , aluminum cylinder head design was assisted by Cosworth .

The twin-cam , 16 valve , aluminium cylinder head design was assisted by Cosworth , but Chevrolet did the development work .


Projected sales of the Cosworth Vega had been 5,000 .

Projected first year sales of the Cosworth Vega had been 5,000 .


The Stewart Grand Prix team basically became the Ford works team . They used Cosworth CR-1 engines from their first season in 1997 .

The Stewart Grand Prix team effectively became the Ford works team , and used Cosworth CR-1 engines from its first season in 1997 .


In 1966 , Colin Chapman of Lotus Cars was the founder and principal of Team Lotus . He got Ford to finance Keith Duckworth 's design for a new lightweight 3.0 litre Formula One engine .

In 1966 , Colin Chapman ( Lotus Cars founder and principal of Team Lotus ) persuaded Ford to bankroll Keith Duckworth 's design for a new lightweight 3000 c Formula One engine .


In September , 2004 Ford announced that it was selling Cosworth , along with Cosworth Racing Ltd and its Jaguar Formula One team . On 15 November 2004 , the sale of Cosworth was completed to Champ Car World Series owners Gerald Forsythe and Kevin Kalkhoven They are the current owners of the Cosworth Group .

In 2004 , Cosworth and Pi Research were sold by Ford to the current Cosworth Group owned by Gerald Forsythe and Kevin Kalkhoven .


Herd left Cosworth to form March Engineering . The F1 car project was canceled .

When Herd left to form March Engineering , the project was canceled .


Cosworth 's 176 wins make it the second most successful engine manufacturers in F1 , after Ferrari .

Cosworth 's 176 wins make it one of the most successful engine manufacturers to race in F1 , second only to Ferrari in victories .


Cosworth built a 1340 c engine for the Lotus 7 .

Cosworth began its associating with Lotus Cars by boring the Kent out to 1340 c for the Lotus 7 .


In mid 2003 , Cosworth provided the 3.5 L V8 XG badged as a Chevrolet Gen 4 engine to IRL IndyCar Series teams .

In mid 2003 , Cosworth provided the 3.5 L V8 XG badged as a Chevrolet Gen 4 engine to IRL IndyCar Series teams after the proprietary Chevrolet Gen 3 engine proved inadequate against rival Hondas and Toyotas during the 2003 season .


The FBA and FBC engines were found in the Ford Granada and Ford Scorpio Ultima .

The FBA and FBC engines engines were found in the Ford Granada and Ford Scorpio Ultima .


Working from the Kent block , Cosworth created a 1.6 Litre engine for homologation ( standarding ) purposes .

Working from the Kent block , Cosworth created a 1601 c for homologation purposes .


A new Cosworth unit , badged as a Ford Zetec-R was built in 1994 . That year , Michael Schumacher won the Drivers World Championship with Benetton .

It was not until the introduction of the new Cosworth unit , badged as a Ford Zetec-R , that Michael Schumacher won the Drivers World Championship with Benetton , in 1994 .


It was founded in London in 1958 . It builds engines and electronics for automobile racing , mainstream automotive and defense industries .

Cosworth is a high performance engineering company founded in London in 1958 , specialising in engines and electronics for automobile racing ( motorsport ) , mainstream automotive and defense industries .


1993 saw McLaren added to the customer engine deal . McLaren won five Grands Prix with Ayrton Senna that year .

1993 saw the customer deal extended to McLaren , who won five Grands Prix with Ayrton Senna that year .


Cosworth is best known in Europe for its relationship with Ford . Cosworth is in the vehicle name on the high performance Ford Sierra RS Cosworth and Ford Escort RS Cosworth .

Best known in Europe for its relationship with Ford - in particular because of the COSWORTH name in the vehicle title on the high performance Ford Sierra RS Cosworth and Ford Escort RS Cosworth , but also in the creation of other Ford models ; the Escort RS1600 , Escort RS1800 , RS200 , and Scorpio 2.9 i 24V .


The FBA came first in 1991 , and was also known as the ` BOA ' . It was based on the Ford Cologne V6 .

The FBA came first in 1991 also known as the ` BOA ' , it was based on the Ford Cologne V6 used in the Ford Sierra and Ford Capri and other models and was a twin overhead camshaft 24valve conversion for more power , producing 195 P and better idle quality .


The road car engine division of Cosworth was re-named Cosworth Technology . It was sold to MAHLE in 2005 .

The road car engine aspect of the business was split from the racing division following the sale of the engineering division of Cosworth to VW\/Audi in September 1998 and re-named Cosworth Technology , before being acquired by MAHLE in 2005 .


Stewart became Jaguar Racing which became Red Bull Racing . They used Cosworth V10 engines until 2006 .

Jaguar pulled out of F1 at the end of 2004 , but the team ( renamed Red Bull Racing ) continued to use Cosworth V10 engines until switching to a Ferrari V8 for 2006 .


A detuned ( reduced power ) 250 horsepower version is sold to the consumer market . This version is intended for club racers .

A detuned 250 h version , targeting club racers , is sold to the consumer market .


Cosworth needed to replace the DFS engines used in IndyCar and Champ Car racing . Cosworth designed the X-series , beginning in 1992 with the XB .

Cosworth designed a series of replacements for the DFS to be used in IndyCar and Champ Car racing : the X-series , beginning in 1992 with the XB .


The XF was built for the 2000 season to replace the XD . It was picked as the spec engine for the Champ Car World Series in 2003 .

The XF was developed for the 2000 season to replace the XD , and was chosen as the spec engine for the Champ Car World Series in 2003 .


In Formula One , a new DFV-based design was introduced for the new rules in .

In Formula One , a new DFV-based design was introduced for the new 3500 c normally-aspirated rules in 1987 .


A special endurance version , the DFL , was then developed .

A special endurance version , the DFL , was then developed in two versions : one with 3298 c and the other with 3955 c. Whilst the former version soon became known for its reliability , the latter version was a step too far and is largely remembered as a failure .


The final US emissions standardized version produces 110 bhp .


Cosworth received the order along with Â # 100,000 from Ford .

Cosworth received the order along with the Â # 100,000 that Ford felt it adequate to spend on such an objective .


The 1500 unused hand-built Cosworth Vega engines were simply scrapped for lack of demand .

1500 hand-built Cosworth Vega engines were simply scrapped for lack of demand .


Although designed for Formula One , the engine has been modified for use in many other areas .

Although originally designed for Formula One , the engine has been modified to be used in a range of categories .


The company was founded as a British racing internal combustion engine maker in 1958 by Mike Costin and Keith Duckworth ( 1933-2005 ) The name Cosworth came by combining their last names . ( COStin and duckWORTH ) .

The company was founded as a British racing internal combustion engine maker in 1958 by Mike Costin and Keith Duckworth ( 1933-2005 ) ( COStin and duckWORTH ) .


They finally built an all-new turbocharged 1.5 L V6 engine . This engine was badged ( named ) the Ford TEC .

Cosworth experimented with turbocharged BD derivatives , before settling on an all-new turbocharged 1500 c V6 engine to be badged as the Ford TEC ( internally it was known as the GB-series ) .


Cosworth is based in Northampton , England . It has North American facilities in Torrance California Indianapolis Indiana , and Mooresville North Carolina .

Cosworth is based in Northampton , England , with North American facilities in Torrance , Indianapolis and Mooresville and an Indian facility in Pune .


The DFV won on its first outing , at the 1967 Dutch Grand Prix . Jim Clark drove a Lotus 49 with the DFV engine .

The DFV won on its first outing , at the 1967 Dutch Grand Prix in the hands of Jim Clark , fitted to a Lotus 49 , and from 1968 was available for purchase to any F1 team that wished it .


Flat top pistons gave a 10.5:1 compression ratio .

Flat top pistons delivered the 10.5:1 compression ratio .


A larger engine was built for endurance racing in the mid 1970s . The FVC displaced 1976 c. The FVC produced only 275 b.

A larger engine was designed for endurance racing in the mid 1970s , the FVC that displaced 1976 c. The FVC produced only 275 b , down from the 325 h that other twin-cam four cylinders such as the Hart 420S produced but was more reliable .


This engine , and its version were used for a quarter of a century . It was the most successful engine in the history of Formula One \/ Grand Prix motor racing .

This engine , and its derivatives were used for a quarter of a century , and it was the most successful in the history of Formula One \/ Grand Prix motor racing .


With 167 winning races it put Cosworth Engineering on the map .

Winning 167 races in a career lasting over 20 years , it was the product that put Cosworth Engineering on the map .


The Cortina engine was also the basis for the FVA , a Formula Two engine introduced in 1966 .

The Cortina engine was also the basis for the FVA , an F2 engine introduced in 1966 , and developed under the same contract as the DFV , for the new 1.6 litre engine rules .


The XG was reduced in size to 3L for 2004 season . It won one race in 2005 during Chevrolet 's final season in IRL .

The XG was reduced in size to 3L for 2004 season and it won one race in 2005 during Chevrolet 's final season in IRL .


On 15 November 2004 , the sale of Cosworth was completed to Champ Car World Series owners Gerald Forsythe and Kevin Kalkhoven They are the current owners of the Cosworth Group .

On 15 November 2004 , the sale of Cosworth was completed , to Champ Car World Series owners Gerald Forsythe and Kevin Kalkhoven , the current Cosworth Group .


This engine had a displacement of 3.4 L. The GA was also used in the last few years of Formula 5000 in Europe .

The GA was also used in the later years of Formula 5000 in Europe .


The Champ Car World Series set a rev limit of 12,000 rpm .

The Champ Car World Series imposed a rev limit of 12,000 rpm down from the over 15,000 rpm of 2002 .


A variant of the Ford Essex engine was developed for the Ford Capris . The Capris were raced in Group 2 in the early 1970s .

A variant of the Ford Essex engine was developed for the Ford Capris raced in Group 2 in the early 1970s .


In September , 2004 Ford announced that it was selling Cosworth , along with Cosworth Racing Ltd and its Jaguar Formula One team .

In September , 2004 Ford announced that it was selling Cosworth and Pi Research , along with Cosworth Racing Ltd and its Jaguar Formula One team .


In 1970 , the BDC version received fuel injection .

In 1970 , the BDC evolution received fuel injection for the first time .


Only 3,508 1975 and 1976 Cosworth Vegas were built .

Only 3,508 1975 and '76 Cosworth Vegas were produced from March 1975 through 1976 .


They used Cosworth V10 engines until 2006 .

Two Formula One teams were supplied with Cosworth engines in 2006 : the Williams team using Cosworth V8 engines , transmissions , and associated electronics ; and the Scuderia Toro Rosso team using rev-limited Cosworth V10s based on 2005 spec engines . The end of the 2006 F1 season marked the end of Cosworth 's remarkable 43 year association with the series , as no team opted to use Cosworth for 2007 .


The first engines were shipped to teams in mid-January , 2 weeks prior to first track testing for the year .

First units were ready and shipped to teams in mid-January for fitting 2 weeks prior to first track testing for the year .


A Jaguar-badged version of the HB was used for a short time in sports car racing with the Jaguar XJR-14 .

A Jaguar-badged version of the HB was briefly used in sports car racing , fitted to the extremely successful Jaguar XJR-14 .


The YB series of 2.0 L engines are based on the older Pinto engine block . They were introduced in the road-going Ford Sierra RS Cosworth in 1986 with 201 horsepower .

The YB series of 1993 c engines are based on the older Pinto engine block , and were introduced in the road-going Ford Sierra RS Cosworth in 1986 with 204 P. With 5,000 units built for homologation purposes in Group A , both for rallies and touring cars .


The DFV with 410 horsepower did not produce as much power as some of its rival 12-cylinder engines . It was lighter , resulting in a better power to weight ratio .

Although the DFV ( bore : 3.373 i , stroke : 2.555 i , displacement : 2992.98 c ) with 410 b at 9,000 rpm did not produce as much power as some of its rival 12-cylinder engines , it was lighter , resulting in a better power to weight ratio .


The camshafts were driven by a toothed timing belt . The name BDA , came from `` Belt Drive , A type '' .

The camshafts were driven by a toothed belt , hence the name BDA , literally meaning `` Belt Drive , A type '' .


It won a record 155 World Championship races . The last was the Detroit Grand Prix in 1983 in a Tyrrell driven by Michele Alboreto .

It won a record 155 World Championship races , the last being Detroit in 1983 , powering a Tyrrell driven by Michele Alboreto .


The FBB and FBD engines were developed but never released .

FBB and FBD engines did exist as development engines but these were never released .


A moon , designated S\/2005 ( 809 ) 1 , was seen based on lightcurve sightings in 2005 .

A satellite , designated S\/2005 ( 809 ) 1 , was identified based on lightcurve observations in 2005 .


A mechanism of interplay between the Yarkovsky effect and nonlinear secular resonances ( mainly involving Jupiter and Saturn ) has been suggested

A mechanism of interplay between the Yarkovsky effect and nonlinear secular resonances ( primarily involving Jupiter and Saturn ) has been proposed


Its orbit is too far from Vesta for it to actually be a member of the Vesta family It is not clear how it came at an orbit so far from Vesta , but other examples of V-type asteroids fairly far from their parent body are known .

Its orbit lies too far from Vesta for it to actually be a member of the Vesta family It is not clear how it arrived at an orbit so far from Vesta , but other examples of V-type asteroids fairly far from their parent body are known .


The V-type spectrum says that it is not genetically related to the Flora family , but rather is probably a piece ( actually two pieces ) blown off the surface of nearby 4 Vesta by a big impact in the past .

The V-type spectrum indicates that it is not genetically related to the Flora family , but rather is probably a fragment ( actually two fragments ) ejected off the surface of nearby 4 Vesta by a large impact in the past .


Assuming an albedo similar to 4 Vesta ( around 0.4 ) , suggests that the bodies are about 7 km across .

Assuming an albedo similar to 4 Vesta ( around 0.4 ) , suggests that the components are about 7 km across .


In fact , the size of the two bodies appear to be close in size , because during mutual occultations the brightness drops by a similar amount independently of which body is hidden .

In fact , the size of the two components appear to be similar , because during mutual occultations the brightness drops by a similar amount independently of which component is hidden .


809 Lundia is a small , binary , V-type asteroid orbiting in the Flora family in the Main Belt .

809 Lundia is a small , binary , V-type asteroid orbiting within the Flora family in the Main Belt .


It takes 15.4 hours to orbit each other , which says that the binary is very close â '' the separation being of the order of 10-20 km , if normal asteroid albedo and density values are assumed .

They orbit each other with a period of 15.4 hours , which roughly indicates that the binary is very close â '' the separation being of the order of 10 â `` 20 km , if typical asteroid albedo and density values are assumed .


Arbedo-Castione is a municipality of the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland .

Arbedo-Castione is a municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland .


Ryo Goto ( born 25 August 1986 ) is a Japanese football player . He plays for Thespa Kusatsu .

Ryo Goto is a Japanese footballer who plays for Thespa Kusatsu in the J. League Division 2 .


Hooker is a city of Oklahoma in the United States .

Hooker is a city in Texas County , Oklahoma , in the United States .


The Iron Cross was awarded during the Napoleonic Wars , the Franco-Prussian War , the First World War , and the Second World War .

The Iron Cross was also awarded during the Franco-German War , the First World War , and the Second World War .


The award was created by King Frederick William III of Prussia . It was first given out on 10 March 1813 .

The Iron Cross was a military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia , and later of Germany , which was established by King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia and first awarded on 10 March 1813 in Breslau , during the Napoleonic Wars .


During the Second World War an extra type of Iron Cross medal was given . It was the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross and was given for acts of extreme battlefield bravery or successful leadership .

The Iron Cross of the Second World War was divided into three main series of decorations with an intermediate category , the Knight 's Cross , instituted between the lowest , the Iron Cross , and the highest , the Grand Cross .


It was the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross and was given for acts of extreme battlefield bravery or successful leadership .

The Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross ( Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes , often simply Ritterkreuz ) recognized extreme battlefield bravery or successful leadership .


The Knight 's Cross was divided into five grades :

The Knight 's Cross was divided into five degrees :


Reginald Alfred `` Reggie '' Bush II ( born March 2 , 1985 ) is an American football player for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League ( NFL ) .

Reginald Alfred `` Reggie '' Bush II ( born March 2 , 1985 ) is a professional football player who plays for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League .


New types of origami have been made because more people are making origami models .

Technical origami , also known as origami sekkei , is a field of origami that has developed almost hand-in-hand with the field of mathematical origami .


The earliest evidence of paperfolding in Europe is a picture of a boat in 1490 .

The earliest evidence of paperfolding in Europe is a picture of a small paper boat in Tractatus de sphaera mundi from 1490 .


Origami is a traditional Japanese art of paper folding .

Origami is the traditional Japanese art of paper folding , which started in the 17th century AD at the latest and was popularized in the mid-1900s .


Tweezers and paper clips can be used to make very small folds .

For instance a bone folder allows sharp creases to be made in the paper easily , paper clips can act as extra pairs of fingers , and tweezers can be used to make small folds .


Hard folds , like the inside-reverse fold , are not allowed in pureland origami .

Pureland origami is origami with the restriction that only one fold may be done at a time , more complex folds like reverse folds are not allowed , and all folds have straightforward locations .


Traditional paperfolders believe that only the hands should be used when folding , but many modern folders use other tools when folding .

Many folders believe no tool should be used when folding .


There is also evidence of a cut and folded paper box from 1440 .


Individual neuroscientists , however , often work on questions that span several different subfields .

Individual neuroscientists , however , often work on questions that span several distinct subfields .


Current neuroscience research activities can be very roughly divided into the following major branches , based on what they study and at what scale they study , as well as what experimental approaches they use .

Modern neuroscience education and research activities can be very roughly categorized into the following major branches , based on the subject and scale of the system in examination as well as distinct experimental or curricular approaches .


Mangroves make a special saltwater woodland or shrubland habitat , called a mangrove swamp , mangrove forest , mangrove or mangal .

Mangroves form an awesome characteristic saline woodland or shrubland habitat , called mangrove swamp , mangrove forest , mangrove or mangal .


Masashi Tashiro ( ç '' ä '' # ã 3\/4 ã ã -- , born August 31 , 1956 in Saga Prefecture ) is a former Japanese television performer and member of Japanese musical group Rats & Star .

Masashi Tashiro is a former Japanese television performer and the founding member of the band Rats & Star who was born on August 31 , 1956 in Karatsu , Saga Prefecture , Japan .


Juvenal Amarijo ( 27 November 1923 â `` 30 October 2009 ) was a former Brazilian football player .

Juvenal Amarijo ( November 27 , 1923 â `` October 30 , 2009 ) was a former Brazilian football player .


Be Unlimited , or simply `` Be '' , is a growing UK Internet service provider . Be Unlimited and Be are trading names of Be Un Limited .

BE Un Limited is an Internet service provider in the United Kingdom with the trading names `` Be There '' , BE Unlimited or simply BE .


The name `` Jane Doe '' is used for females .

Additional persons may be called James Doe , Judy Doe , etc. . However , to avoid possible confusion , if two anonymous or unknown parties are cited in a specific case or action , the surnames Doe and Roe may be used simultaneously ; for example , `` John Doe v. Jane Roe '' .


The name `` John Doe '' is used as a name in a legal action , case or discussion for a male person , whose true identity is unknown or must be withheld for legal reasons .

The name `` John Doe '' is used as a placeholder name in a legal action , case or discussion for a male party , whose true identity is unknown or must be withheld for legal reasons .


IÃ aki Lafuente ( born 24 January 1976 ) is a Spanish football player . He plays for Numancia Soria .

IÃ aki Lafuente Sancha ( born January 24 , 1976 in Barakaldo , Biscay ) is a Spanish footballer who plays for CD Numancia in the Spanish second division , as a goalkeeper .


According to the Roman Catholic Church , the Eucharist is the true presence of Jesus Christ , the Son of God . During a Mass , through the act of transubstantiation , the bread and wine offered change , and are no longer bread and wine .

The Catholic Church teaches that when the bread and wine are consecrated in the Eucharist , they cease to be bread and wine , and become , respectively , the body and blood of Christ , each of which is accompanied by the other and by Christ 's soul and divinity .


The Eucharist , also called holy communion , the sacrament , or the Lord 's Supper , is a kind of religious ritual in many Christian churches . It started when Jesus Christ told his followers to eat bread and drink wine in memory of him , at the Last Supper .

The Eucharist , also called Holy Communion , the Sacrament of the Altar , the Blessed Sacrament , the Lord 's Supper , and other names , is a sacrament or ordinance that Christians celebrate in accordance with the instruction that , according to the New Testament , Jesus gave at his Last Supper to do in his memory what he did when he gave his disciples bread , saying , `` This is my body '' , and wine , saying , `` This is my blood '' .


During a Mass , through the act of transubstantiation , the bread and wine offered change , and are no longer bread and wine . They truly become the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ .

The Fourth Council of the Lateran in 1215 had spoken of `` Jesus Christ , whose body and blood are truly contained in the sacrament of the altar under the forms of bread and wine ; the bread being changed ( transsubstantiatis ) by divine power into the body , and the wine into the blood . ''