In the 2007 episode `` Utopia '' , the Doctor calls the disguised Master a genius and shows an immense admiration for his intellect before discovering who he is .

In the 2007 episode `` Utopia '' , the Doctor calls the transformed and disguised Master a genius and shows admiration for his intellect before discovering his true identity .


Afterwards , Peter Pratt and Geoffrey Beevers played a decayed version of the Time Lord , until Anthony Ainley assumed the part in 1981 .

Afterwards , Peter Pratt and Geoffrey Beevers played a physically decayed version of the Time Lord until Anthony Ainley assumed the part in 1981 .


One of the most important of these other appearances is David A. McIntee 's `` Master trilogy '' of novels comprising The Dark Path and First Frontier in the Virgin Publishing lines and The Face of the Enemy for BBC Books , and the Doctor Who audio dramas produced by Big Finish Productions , in which Geoffrey Beevers has once agian played the Master .

One of the most notable of these other appearances is David A. McIntee 's `` Master trilogy '' of novels comprising The Dark Path and First Frontier in the Virgin Publishing lines and The Face of the Enemy for BBC Books , and the Doctor Who radio dramas produced by Big Finish Productions , in which Geoffrey Beevers has reprised the role .


From December 1944 until he died two years later , Baird lived at a house in Station Road , Bexhill-on-Sea , immediately north of the station .

From December 1944 until his death two years later , Baird lived at a house in Station Road , Bexhill-on-Sea , East Sussex , immediately north of the station itself .


The old house was knocked down in 2007 .


Some of Baird 's early inventions did not work .

Some of Baird 's early inventions were not fully successful .


Although lots of inventors helped to make television , Baird was an important person and made big advances .

Although the development of television was the result of work by many inventors , Baird was a prominent pioneer and made major advances in the field .


Later Baird made a glass razor which was did not get rusty , but it shattered .

Later Baird perfected a glass razor which was rust-resistant , but shattered .


Baird then started the Baird Television Development Company Ltd , and in 1928 it made the first transatlantic television transmission , from London to Hartsdale , New York , and the first television program for the BBC .

Baird then set up the Baird Television Development Company Ltd , which in 1928 made the first transatlantic television transmission , from London to Hartsdale , New York , and the first television program for the BBC .


He went to school at Larchfield Academy in Helensburgh and then went to the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College ( which later became the University of Strathclyde ) ; and the University of Glasgow .

He was educated at Larchfield Academy ( now part of Lomond School ) in Helensburgh ; the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College ( which later became the University of Strathclyde ) ; and the University of Glasgow .


Baird died in Bexhill-on-Sea , Sussex , England on 14 June 1946 after a stroke in February 1946 .

Baird died in Bexhill on 14 June 1946 after a stroke in February of that year .


Baird was born in Helensburgh , Dunbartonshire , Scotland .

Baird was born in Helensburgh , Argyll and Bute ( then Dunbartonshire ) .


Baird did this by making a better photoelectric cell and making the signal conditioning better .

Baird achieved this , where other inventors had failed , by obtaining a better photoelectric cell and improving the signal conditioning from the photocell and the video amplifier .


In his twenties he tried to make diamonds by heating graphite and ruined Glasgow 's electricity supply .

In his twenties he tried to create diamonds by heating graphite and shorted out Glasgow 's electricity supply .


In 1927 , Baird made a signal go over 438 m between London and Glasgow ; Baird sent the world 's first long-distance television pictures to the Central Hotel at Glasgow Central Station .

In 1927 , Baird transmitted a long-distance television signal over 438 m of telephone line between London and Glasgow ; Baird transmitted the world 's first long-distance television pictures to the Central Hotel at Glasgow Central Station .


Especially in Britain , lots of people say that Baird was the first person to make a live , moving , greyscale television picture from reflected light .

Particularly in Britain , many historians credit Baird with being the first to produce a live , moving , greyscale television image from reflected light .


John Logie Baird was buried with his mother , father and wife in Helensburgh Cemetery , Dunbartonshire .

John Logie Baird is buried with his mother , father and wife in Helensburgh Cemetery .


The tests of dead diatoms are a major constituent of deep ocean sediment .


The most common silicate species consist of silicon with oxygen as the ligand . Silicate anions , with a negative net electrical charge , must have that charge balanced by other cations to make an electrically neutral compound .

Silicate compounds , including the minerals , consist of silicate anions whose charge is balanced by various cations .


JÃ 1\/4 rgen Grabowski ( born 7 July , 1944 ) is a former German football player .

JÃ 1\/4 rgen Grabowski ( born July 7 , 1944 in Wiesbaden ) is a former German footballer .


337 people were living in Arpin as of 2000 .

The population was 337 at the 2000 census .


Arpin is a village of Wood County in the state of Wisconsin in the United States .

Arpin is a village in Wood County , Wisconsin , United States .


John Calvin Coolidge ( July 4 , 1872 - January 5 , 1933 ) was the 30th President of the United States between 1923 to 1929 .

John Calvin Coolidge , Jr. , ( July 4 , 1872 - January 5 , 1933 ) was the 30th President of the United States ( 1923 -- 1929 ) .


He was born into an Armenian family in Nor Nakhijevan ( now part of Russia ) .

He was born into an Armenian family in Nor Nakhijevan ( now part of Rostov-on-Don , Russia ) .


In 1895 , he was 15 , he finished the Nakhichevan school and from 1897 to 1904 learned at the Moscow School of Arts , also in the workshops of Valentin Serov and Konstantin Korovin .

In 1895 , aged 15 , he completed the Nakhichevan school and from 1897 to 1904 studied at the Moscow School of Arts , including in the workshops of Valentin Serov and Konstantin Korovin .


To understand this is to comprehend Immortality -- the Apotheosis of the Human Race .

To understand this is to comprehend Immortalityâ '' the Apotheosis of the Human Race .


He exhibited his works in various shows .


ChÃ nedollÃ is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

ChÃ nedollÃ is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


Paradou is a commune of 1,162 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur region in the Bouches-du-Rh Ã ne department in the south of France .

Paradou ( also : Le Paradou ) is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rh Ã ne department in southern France .


Bonnieville is a city of Kentucky in the United States .

Bonnieville is a city in Hart County , Kentucky , United States .


Mustapha Hadji ( born 16 November 1971 ) is a Moroccan football player . He has played for Morocco national team .

Mustapha Hadji ( born 16 November 1971 ) in Ifrane , Morocco is a former Moroccan footballer .


The cell is now no longer useful to the virus , therefore it must find a new host .

The host cell is now no longer useful to the virus , therefore the cell often dies and the newly produced viruses must find a new host .


During this time , the virus will not produce any copies , it will remain inactive until external stimuli ( such as light or stress ) prompts it into activation , or the redtart of the life cycle .

During this time , the virus will not produce any progeny , it will remain inactive until external stimuli ( such as light or stress ) prompts it into activation .


It is only active when reproducing within a host , using a hosts ' resources and food .

It is only active when replicating within a host , using a hosts ' resources and food .


One of the ways a virus can be seen as living is that a virus needs to make more of themselves .

One of the ways a virus can be seen as living is that a virus needs to replicate and create progeny .


A hole forms in the cell membrane , then the virus particle or its genetic contents are released into the host cell , where viral reproduction may start .

A hole forms in the cell membrane , then the virus particle or its genetic contents are released into the host cell , where viral reproduction may commence .


Some viruses can `` hide '' inside another cell , either to defend itself against the host cell defenses or immune system , or because it is not in the best interest of the virus to make more copies at the time .

Some viruses can `` hide '' within another cell , either to evade the host cell defenses or immune system , or simply because it is not in the best interest of the virus to continually replicate .


After a virus has made many copies of itself , it usually has used up the cell 's resources .

After a virus has made many copies of itself , it usually has exhausted the cell of its resources .


Permissibility determines how the infection will progress .

Permissibility determines the outcome of the infection .


Attachment , or adsorption , occurs between the viral part and the host cell membrane .

Attachment , or adsorption , occurs between the viral particle and the host cell membrane .


In order for the virus to make copies and infect , it must enter cells of the host animal and use those cells ' materials .

In order for the virus to reproduce and thereby establish infection , it must enter cells of the host organism and use those cells ' materials .


The process by viral copies are released to find new hosts , is called shedding .

The process by which virus progeny are released to find new hosts , is called shedding .


After control is taken by the virus and the environment is set for the virus to begin making copies of itself , replication occurs quickly .

After control is established and the environment is set for the virus to begin making copies of itself , replication occurs quickly .


It is usually only after a virus enters a host that it can gain access to cells in order to invade .

It is usually only after a virus enters a host that it can gain access to possible susceptible cells .


However , unlike other organisms , a virus can not survive on its own .


Viruses are near the same to living organisms , however there are differences .

Viruses are similar to living organisms , however there are differences .


Once inside a host , a virus 's main purpose is to make as many copies of itself , and infect other host cells ; everything it does is to benefit its fitness and increase the number of its offspring .

Once inside a host , a virus 's sole purpose is to make as many copies of itself , and infect other host cells ; everything it does is to benefit its fitness and increase the number of its offspring .


It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the VendÃ e department in the west of France .

La MerlatiÃ re is a commune in the VendÃ e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France .


Leuggelbach is a village in the canton of Glarus , Switzerland .

Leuggelbach is a village and former municipality in the canton of Glarus , Switzerland .


He attempted to place his discoveries inside a theory of prehistoric development on a wider European and world scale .

With new found emphasis on African history , he was one of the great archaeological synthesizers attempting to place his discoveries inside a theory of prehistoric development on a wider European and world scale .


He was best known for his excavation of the unique Neolithic site of Skara Brae in Orkney .

He was perhaps best known for his excavation of the unique Neolithic site of Skara Brae in Orkney .


He is also credited with coining the terms ` Neolithic Revolution ' and ` Urban Revolution ' .

He is also credited with coining the terms `` Neolithic Revolution '' and `` Urban Revolution '' and combined with his innovative theories , he is recognized as a major contributor to the field of sociocultural evolution .


Vere Gordon Childe ( Usually known as Gordon Childe ) ( Sydney , New South Wales , 14 April 1892 â `` Mount Victoria , New South Wales , 19 October 1957 ) was an Australian archaeologist .

Vere Gordon Childe ( 14 April 1892 -- 19 October 1957 ) , better known simply as Gordon Childe , was an Australian archaeologist and philologist who specialised in the study of European prehistory .


Humeston is a city of Iowa in the United States .

Humeston is a city in Wayne County , Iowa , United States .


More investigation of a second source of Neanderthal DNA supported these findings .

Subsequent investigation of a second source of Neanderthal DNA supported these findings .


Huxley convincingly illustrated many of the similarities and differences between humans and apes in his 1863 book Evidence as to Man 's Place in Nature .

Huxley argued for human evolution from apes by illustrating many of the similarities and differences between humans and apes , and did so particularly in his 1863 book Evidence as to Man 's Place in Nature .


The specimen was called the Taung Child , an australopithecine infant discovered in a cave deposit being mined for concrete at Taung , South Africa .

The type specimen was the Taung Child , an Australopithecine infant discovered in a cave .


There is an ongoing debate over whether H. floresiensis is indeed a separate species .

However , there is an ongoing debate over whether H. floresiensis is indeed a separate species .


Homo erectus lived lived from about 1.8 million to 70,000 years ago .

Homo erectus ( H erectus ) lived from about 1.8 Ma to about 70,000 years ago ( which would indicate that they were probably wiped out by the Toba catastrophe ; however , Homo erectus soloensis and Homo floresiensis survived it ) .


In other words , H. floresiensis share a common ancestor with modern humans , but split from the modern human lineage and followed a different evolutionary path .

In other words , H. floresiensis share a common ancestor with modern humans , but split from the modern human lineage and followed a distinct evolutionary path .


A consensus on which should count as separate species and which as subspecies has not been reached yet .

There is not yet a consensus as to which of these groups should count as separate species and which as subspecies .


Also , less usual , as Homo sapiens neanderthalensis : there is still some discussion if it was a separate species Homo neanderthalensis , or a subspecies of H. sapiens .

Also proposed as Homo sapiens neanderthalensis .


Then a subsequent migration within and out of Africa eventually replaced the earlier H. erectus .

A subsequent migration within and out of Africa eventually replaced the earlier dispersed H. erectus .


H. floresiensis is intriguing both for its size and its age . It is a concrete example of a recent species of the genus Homo that shows derived traits not shared with modern humans .

H. floresiensis is intriguing both for its size and its age , being a concrete example of a recent species of the genus Homo that exhibits derived traits not shared with modern humans .


One line of attack on H. floresiensis is that it was found with tools only associated with H. sapiens .

The other major attack on H. floresiensis is that it was found with tools only associated with H. sapiens .


Many paleoanthropologists are now using the term Homo ergaster for the non-Asian forms of this group . They reserve H. erectus only for those fossils found in the Asian region that meet certain requirements ( as to skeleton and skull ) which differ slightly from ergaster .

Many paleoanthropologists now use the term Homo ergaster for the non-Asian forms of this group , and reserve Homo erectus only for those fossils that are found in Asia and meet certain skeletal and dental requirements which differ slightly from H. ergaster .


In addition H. erectus was the first human ancestor to walk truly upright .

In addition Homo erectus was the first human ancestor to walk truly upright .


H. sapiens idaltu , from Ethiopia , about 160,000 years ago , is a proposed subspecies .

H. sapiens idaltu , from Ethiopia , is an extinct sub-species who lived about 160,000 years ago .


In this book , Darwin wrote about the idea of evolution in general , rather than the evolution of humans . Light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history , was all Darwin wrote on the subject .

Darwin 's book did not address the question of human evolution , saying only that `` Light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history '' .


Some scientists believe that H. floresiensis was a modern H. sapiens suffering from pathological dwarfism .

Some scientists presently believe that H. floresiensis was a modern H. sapiens suffering from pathological dwarfism .


Modern humans who live on Flores , the island where the skeleton was found , are pygmies .

This hypothesis is supported in part , because some modern humans who live on Flores , the island where the skeleton was found , are pygmies .


Homo floresiensis , which lived about 100,000 â `` 12,000 years ago has been nicknamed hobbit for its small size .

H. floresiensis , which lived from approximately 100,000 to 12,000 before present , has been nicknamed hobbit for its small size , possibly a result of insular dwarfism .


Also , the specimen exhibited short canine teeth , and the position of the foramen magnum was evidence of bipedal locomotion .

Also , the specimen showed short canine teeth , and the position of the foramen magnum was evidence of bipedal locomotion .


Today , there is only one species in the genus : Homo sapiens .

Homo sapiens is the only extant species of its genus , Homo .


These adapted traits are a very small component of the Homo sapiens genome and include such outward `` racial '' characteristics as skin color and nose form in addition to internal characteristics such as the ability to breathe more efficiently in high altitudes .

These adapted traits are a very small component of the Homo sapiens genome , but include various characteristics such as skin color and nose form , in addition to internal characteristics such as the ability to breathe more efficiently at high altitudes .


The remains were a remarkably well-preserved tiny skull and a cast of the inside of the individual 's skull .

The child 's remains were a remarkably well-preserved tiny skull and an endocranial cast of the individual 's brain .


Homo erectus was first discovered on the island of Java in Indonesia , in 1891 .

The first fossils of Homo erectus were discovered by Dutch physician Eugene Dubois in 1891 on the Indonesian island of Java .


Between 400,000 years ago and the second warm period in the Middle Pleistocene , around 250,000 years ago , its skull grew and more sophisticated technologies based on stone tools developed . One possibility is that a transition between H. erectus to H. sapiens occurred .

Between 400,000 years ago and the second interglacial period in the Middle Pleistocene , around 250,000 years ago , the trend in skull expansion and the elaboration of stone tool technologies developed , providing evidence for a transition from H. erectus to H. sapiens .


called Homo ergaster , or Homo erectus ergaster ' .

Often the early phase , from 1.8 to 1.25 Ma , is considered to be a separate species , Homo ergaster , or it is seen as a subspecies of Homo erectus , Homo erectus ergaster .


In 1924 , Raymond Dart described Australopithecus africanus .

In 1925 , Raymond Dart described Australopithecus africanus .


The australopithecines were originally classified as either gracile or robust .

Reclassification of Australopithecines that originally were split into either gracile or robust varieties has put the latter into a family of its own , Paranthropus .


It was not until the 1920s that hominid fossils were discovered in Africa .

It was only in the 1920s that such fossils were discovered in Africa .


The discoverer , Eugene Dubois originally called it Pithecanthropus erectus based on its morphology that he considered to be intermediate between that of humans and apes .

He originally gave the material the name Pithecanthropus erectus based on its morphology that he considered to be intermediate between that of humans and apes .


While the debate remains unsettled , evidence from mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomal DNA sequencing indicates that little or no gene flow occurred between H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens , and , therefore , the two were separate species .

Evidence from sequencing mitochondrial DNA indicated that no significant gene flow occurred between H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens , and , therefore , the two were separate species that shared a common ancestor about 660,000 years ago .


Homo sapiens has lived from about 250,000 years ago to the present .

H. sapiens ( the adjective sapiens is Latin for `` wise '' or `` intelligent '' ) have lived from about 250,000 years ago to the present .


Both australopithecines and Homo sapiens are part of the tribe Hominini , but recent data has brought into doubt the position of A. africanus as a direct ancestor of modern humans ; it may well have been a cousin .

Both Australopithecines and Homo sapiens are part of the tribe Hominini . Recent data suggests Australopithecines were a diverse group and that A. africanus may not be a direct ancestor of modern humans .


This list is in chronological order by genus .

This list is in chronological order across the page by genus .


The evidence of Java Man suggests there was an initial migration of H. erectus out of Africa . Then , much later , a further development of H. sapiens from H. erectus in Africa .

The direct evidence suggests there was a migration of H. erectus out of Africa , then a further speciation of H. sapiens from H. erectus in Africa .


In the Early Pleistocene , 1.5 â `` 1 mya , in Africa , Asia , and Europe , presumably , some populations of Homo habilis evolved larger brains and made more elaborate stone tools ; these differences and others are sufficient for anthropologists to classify them as a new species , H. erectus .

In the early Pleistocene , 1.5 â `` 1 Ma , in Africa , Asia , and Europe , some populations of Homo habilis are thought to have evolved larger brains and made more elaborate stone tools ; these differences and others are sufficient for anthropologists to classify them as a new species , Homo erectus .


The DNA of individuals is more alike than usual for most species . This may have resulted from their relatively recent evolution or from the Toba catastrophe .

Current research has established that humans are genetically highly homogenous ; that is , the DNA of individuals is more alike than usual for most species , which may have resulted from their relatively recent evolution or the possibility of a population bottleneck resulting from cataclysmic natural events such as the Toba catastrophe .


In some cases this is because there are very few fossils , in other cases it is due to the slight differences used to classify species in the Homo genus .

In some cases this is due to the dearth of fossils , in other cases it is due to the slight differences used to classify species in the Homo genus .


Even some of Darwin 's supporters ( such as Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Lyell ) did not like the idea that human beings have evolved their impressive mental capacities and moral sensibilities through natural selection .

However , many of Darwin 's early supporters ( such as Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Lyell ) did not agree that the origin of the mental capacities and the moral sensibilities of humans could be explained by natural selection .


In 1997 , Dr. Mark Stoneking , then an associate professor of anthropology at Pennsylvania State University , stated : `` These results ( based on mitochondrial DNA extracted from Neanderthal bone ) indicate that Neanderthals did not contribute mitochondrial DNA to modern humansâ Neanderthals are not our ancestors . ''

In 1997 , Mark Stoneking stated : `` These results ( based on mitochondrial DNA extracted from Neanderthal bone ) indicate that Neanderthals did not contribute mitochondrial DNA to modern humansâ Neanderthals are not our ancestors '' .


The australopithecines are now thought to be immediate ancestors of the genus Homo , the group to which modern humans belong .

The gracile Australopithecines are now thought to be ancestors of the genus Homo , the group to which modern humans belong .


It is called the Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu .

The city is an important agricultural center located at the heart of the region , known as the rice bowl of Tamil Nadu .


BallÃ e is a commune of 719 people ( 2004 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France .

BallÃ e is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France .


He was principal ( main ) conductor until 1911 , when Edward Elgar took over for a year .

He remained principal conductor until 1911 , when Edward Elgar took over for a year , leading six concerts as principal conductor .


The London Symphony Orchestra ( LSO ) is one of the most famous orchestras of the world .

The London Symphony Orchestra ( LSO ) is a major orchestra of the United Kingdom , as well as one of the best-known orchestras in the world .


AndrÃ Previn is the Conductor Laureate ( Honorary conductor ) .

Previn holds the title of Conductor Laureate .


In 1966 the London Symphony Chorus ( LSC ) was formed to join the LSO for works with choirs .

In 1966 , the London Symphony Chorus ( LSC ) was formed to complement the work of the LSO .


Since January 2007 Valery Gergiev has been the LSO 's Principal Conductor .

On 1 January 2007 , Valery Gergiev became the LSO 's Principal Conductor .


The LSO gave its first concert on 9 June 1904 with Hans Richter conducting .

The LSO was founded in 1904 as an independent , self governing organization , the first such orchestra in the UK . It played its first concert on 9 June of that year , with Hans Richter conducting .


The LSO players all came close to death in 1912 because they were due to sail on the RMS Titanic for a concert in New York . Fortunately they had to change the booking at the last minute .

The LSO was due to sail on the for a concert in New York in April 1912 but fortunately had to change the booking at the last minute .


In 2006 , Daniel Harding became the co-principal guest conductor together with Michael Tilson Thomas .

In 2006 , Daniel Harding became the co-principal guest conductor alongside Tilson Thomas .


The LSO was the first British orchestra to play overseas when it went to Paris in 1906 .

The LSO became the first British orchestra to play overseas when it went to Paris in 1906 , and the first to play in the United States , in 1912 .


Hearst sailed to Cuba , when the invasion began , as a war correspondent , providing sober and accurate accounts of the fighting .

Hearst sailed directly to Cuba , when the invasion began , as a war correspondent , providing sober and accurate accounts of the fighting .


The most famous example of the exaggeration is the story , which probably is not actually true , that artist Frederic Remington sent Hearst a telegram to tell him that not much was going on in Cuba and `` There will be no war . ''

The most famous example of the exaggeration is the apocryphal story that artist Frederic Remington telegrammed Hearst to tell him all was quiet in Cuba and `` There will be no war . ''


The island was in a bad economic depression , and Spanish general Valeriano Weyler , sent to crush the rebellion , herded Cuban peasants into concentration camps leading hundreds of Cubans to their deaths .

The island was in a terrible economic depression , and Spanish general Valeriano Weyler , sent to crush the rebellion , herded Cuban peasants into concentration camps leading hundreds of Cubans to their deaths .


Hearst could be hyperbolic in his crime coverage ; one of his early stories , about a `` band of murderers , '' attacked the police for forcing Examiner reporters to do their work for them .

Hearst could be hyperbolic in his crime coverage ; one of his early pieces , regarding a `` band of murderers , '' attacked the police for forcing Examiner reporters to do their work for them .


Charles Anderson Dana Charles Dana , editor of the New York Sun , attacked The World and said Pulitzer was `` deficient in judgment and in staying power . ''


Pulitzer , although he did not have Hearst 's resources , kept the story on his front page .

Pulitzer , though lacking Hearst 's resources , kept the story on his front page .


Just two years after Pulitzer took it over , the World sold more copies than any other newspaper in New York . Part of this was because he was connected to the Democratic Party .

Just two years after Pulitzer took it over , the World became the highest circulation newspaper in New York , aided in part by its strong ties to the Democratic Party .


Hearst then hired many people who were working for World in 1896 .

In a counterattack , Hearst raided the staff of the World in 1896 .


The most important part of this fight was from 1895 to about 1898 .

The battle peaked from 1895 to about 1898 , and historical usage often refers specifically to this period .


Hearst did not know of Bierce 's column and claimed to have pulled Brisbane 's after it ran in a first edition , but the incident would haunt him for the rest of his life and all but destroyed his dream to be president .

Hearst did not know of Bierce 's column and claimed to have pulled Brisbane 's after it ran in a first edition , but the incident would haunt him for the rest of his life and all but destroyed his presidential ambitions .


These were Joseph Pulitzer 's and the New York World and William Randolph Hearst with the New York Journal .

The term originated during the American Gilded Age of the late nineteenth century with the circulation battles between Joseph Pulitzer 's New York World and William Randolph Hearst 's New York Journal .


Having fought for a fight for two years , Hearst took credit for the conflict when it came : A week after the United States declared war on Spain , he ran `` How do you like the Journal 's war ? ''

Having clamored for a fight for two years , Hearst took credit for the conflict when it came : A week after the United States declared war on Spain , he ran `` How do you like the Journal 's war ? ''


He later ran for mayor and governor and even tried to get nominated for president , but his reputation was hurt in 1901 after columnist Ambrose Bierce and editor Arthur Brisbane published separate columns months apart that suggested that President William McKinley be assassinated .

He later ran for mayor and governor and even sought the presidential nomination , but lost much of his personal prestige when outrage exploded in 1901 after columnist Ambrose Bierce and editor Arthur Brisbane published separate columns months apart that suggested the assassination of William McKinley .


Both were Democratic , both took the side of organized labor and immigrants ( unlike publishers like the New York Tribune 's Whitelaw Reid , who blamed their poverty on moral defects ) , and both spent a lot of money making their Sunday publications , which were like weekly magazines , going beyond just daily journalism .

Both were Democratic , both were sympathetic to labor and immigrants ( a sharp contrast to publishers like the New York Tribune 's Whitelaw Reid , who blamed their poverty on moral defects ) , and both invested enormous resources in their Sunday publications , which functioned like weekly magazines , going beyond the normal scope of daily journalism .


Pulitzer believed that newspapers were important and had a duty to make society better , and he tried to do this with his newspaper .

Pulitzer believed that newspapers were public institutions with a duty to improve society , and he put the World in the service of social reform .


But Hearst did want the United States to go to war after a rebellion broke out in Cuba in 1895 .

But Hearst became a war hawk after a rebellion broke out in Cuba in 1895 .


The Journal and the World were not among the top ten sources of news in regional papers , and their stories did not catch people 's attention outside New York City .

The Journal and the World were not among the top ten sources of news in regional papers , and the stories simply did not make a splash outside New York City .


Joseph Pulitzer bought the New York World in 1883 after making the St. Louis Post-Dispatch the biggest daily newspaper in that city .

Joseph Pulitzer purchased the New York World in 1883 after making the St. Louis Post-Dispatch the dominant daily in that city .


While the stories were probably not very accurate , the newspaper readers of the 19th century did not expect , or necessarily want , his stories to be pure nonfiction .

While the accounts were of dubious accuracy , the newspaper readers of the 19th century did not expect , or necessarily want , his stories to be pure nonfiction .


The story ( a version of which appears in the Hearst-inspired Orson Welles film Citizen Kane ) first showed up in the memoirs of reporter James Creelman in 1901 , and there is no other source for it .

The story ( a version of which appears in the Hearst-inspired Orson Welles film Citizen Kane ) first appeared in the memoirs of reporter James Creelman in 1901 , and there is no other source for it .


However , most of Americans did not live in New York City , and the decision makers who did live there probably read less sensationalist newspapers like the Times , The Sun or the Post .

However , the vast majority of Americans did not live in New York City , and the decision makers who did live there probably relied more on staid newspapers like the Times , The Sun or the Post .


Hearst was a well-known Democrat who promoted William Jennings Bryan for president in 1896 and 1900 ( Bryan did not win either election ) .

Hearst was a leading Democrat who promoted William Jennings Bryan for president in 1896 and 1900 .


Pulitzer tried to make the New York World fun to read , and filled his paper with pictures , games and contests that brought in new readers .

Pulitzer strove to make the New York World an entertaining read , and filled his paper with pictures , games and contests that drew in new readers .


Hearst read the World while studying at Harvard University and decided to try to make the Examiner as bright as Pulitzer 's paper .

Hearst read the World while studying at Harvard University and resolved to make the Examiner as bright as Pulitzer 's paper .


William Randolph Hearst , a mining heir who bought the San Francisco Examiner from his father in 1887 , noticed what Pulitzer was doing .

Pulitzer 's approach made an impression on William Randolph Hearst , a mining heir who acquired the San Francisco Examiner from his father in 1887 .


In one story , Examiner reporter Winifred Black went into a San Francisco hospital as a patient and discovered that the women there were treated with `` gross cruelty . ''

In one well remembered story , Examiner reporter Winifred Black was admitted into a San Francisco hospital and discovered that indigent women were treated with `` gross cruelty . ''


Yellow journalism or the yellow press is a type of journalism that does not report much real news with facts . It uses shocking headlines that catch people 's attention to sell more newspapers .

Yellow journalism or the yellow press is a type of journalism that presents little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching headlines to sell more newspapers .


When Hearst hired Outcault away , Pulitzer asked artist George Luks to continue drawing the strip with his characters , giving the city two Yellow Kids .

When Hearst predictably hired Outcault away , Pulitzer asked artist George Luks to continue the strip with his characters , giving the city two Yellow Kids .


While there were many sensational stories in the New York World , they were by no means the only stories , or even the biggest ones .

While there were many sensational stories in the New York World , they were by no means the only pieces , or even the dominant ones .


Hogan 's Alley , a comic strip about a bald child in a yellow nightshirt ( nicknamed The Yellow Kid ) , became very popular when cartoonist Richard F. Outcault began drawing it in the World in early 1896 .

Hogan 's Alley , a comic strip revolving around a bald child in a yellow nightshirt ( nicknamed The Yellow Kid ) , became exceptionally popular when cartoonist Richard F. Outcault began drawing it in the World in early 1896 .


says that yellow press newspapers have several columns and front-page headlines about different types of news , such as sports and scandals , using bold layouts ( with large illustrations and perhaps color ) , and stories reported using sources that do n't share their names .

defines Yellow Press newspapers as having daily multi-column front-page headlines covering a variety of topics , such as sports and scandal , using bold layouts ( with large illustrations and perhaps color ) , heavy reliance on unnamed sources , and unabashed self-promotion .


Their Sunday entertainment features included the first color comic strip pages , and some think that the term yellow journalism originated there , while as noted above , the New York Press left the term it invented undefined .

Their Sunday entertainment features included the first color comic strip pages , and some theorize that the term yellow journalism originated there , while as noted above , the New York Press left the term it invented undefined .


While most sources say that Hearst simply offered more money , Pulitzer â '' who had grown more abusive to his employees â '' had become a very difficult man to work for , and many World employees were willing to switch newspapers just to get away from him .

While most sources say that Hearst simply offered more money , Pulitzer â '' who had grown increasingly abusive to his employees â '' had become an extremely difficult man to work for , and many World employees were willing to jump for the sake of getting away from him .


Both papers were accused of sensationalizing the news ( making it seem much more important than it really was ) in order to sell more newspapers , although the newspapers did serious reporting as well .

Both papers were accused by critics of sensationalizing the news in order to drive up circulation , although the newspapers did serious reporting as well .


The New York Press came up with the term `` yellow kid journalism '' in early 1897 after a then-popular comic strip to talk about the newspapers of Pulitzer and Hearst , which both published versions of it during a circulation war .

The New York Press coined the term `` yellow kid journalism '' in early 1897 after a then-popular comic strip to describe the down market papers of Pulitzer and Hearst , which both published versions of it during a circulation war .


While he was in charge , the Examiner gave 24 percent of its space to crime , presenting the stories as morality plays , and put adultery and `` nudity '' ( by 19th century standards ) on the front page .

Under his leadership , the Examiner devoted 24 percent of its space to crime , presenting the stories as morality plays , and sprinkled adultery and `` nudity '' ( by 19th century standards ) on the front page .


Also , journalism historians have noted that yellow journalism mostly only happened in New York City , and that newspapers in the rest of the country did not do it .

Moreover , journalism historians have noted that yellow journalism was largely confined to New York City , and that newspapers in the rest of the country did not follow their lead .


Also , Pulitzer only charged readers two cents per issue but gave readers eight and sometimes 12 pages of information ( the only other two cent paper in the city was never longer than four pages ) .

In addition , Pulitzer only charged readers two cents per issue but gave readers eight and sometimes 12 pages of information ( the only other two cent paper in the city never exceeded four pages ) .


Pulitzer and Hearst are often credited ( or blamed ) for drawing the nation into the Spanish-American War with their sensationalism .

Pulitzer and Hearst are often credited ( or blamed ) for drawing the country into the Spanish-American War with sensationalist stories or outright lying .


Pulitzer , haunted by what had happened , '' returned the World to its crusading roots as the new century dawned .

Pulitzer , haunted by his `` yellow sins , '' returned the World to its crusading roots as the new century dawned .


But while doing these things , the Examiner also increased its space for international news , and sent reporters out to uncover corruption and inefficiency in the city government .

But while indulging in these stunts , the Examiner also increased its space for international news , and sent reporters out to uncover municipal corruption and inefficiency .


The use of `` yellow journalism '' as a term for over-the-top sensationalism in the U.S. apparently started with more serious newspapers commenting how far `` the Yellow Kid papers '' went .

The use of `` yellow journalism '' as a synonym for over-the-top sensationalism in the U.S. apparently started with more serious newspapers commenting on the excesses of `` the Yellow Kid papers . ''


The entire hospital staff was fired the morning the story was printed .

The entire hospital staff was fired the morning the piece appeared .


After noticing what Pulitzer had done by keeping his newspaper at two cents , Hearst made the Journal 's only cost one cent , while providing as much information as rival newspapers .

This drove Hearst ; following Pulitzer 's earlier strategy , he kept the Journal 's price at one cent ( compared to The World 's two cent price ) while providing as much information as rival newspapers .


With the Examiner having success by the early 1890s , Hearst began looking for a New York newspaper to buy , and bought the New York Journal in 1895 , a newspaper that sold for oen penny which Pulitzer 's brother Albert had sold to a Cincinnati publisher the year before .

With the Examiners success established by the early 1890s , Hearst began looking for a New York newspaper to purchase , and acquired the New York Journal in 1895 , a penny paper which Pulitzer 's brother Albert had sold to a Cincinnati publisher the year before .


Creelman later praised the work of the reporters for writing about how Spain treated Cuba , arguing , '' no true history of the war ... can be written without an acknowledgment that whatever of justice and freedom and progress was accomplished by the Spanish-American war was due to the enterprise and tenacity of yellow journalists , many of whom lie in unremembered graves . ''

Creelman later praised the work of the reporters for exposing the horrors of Spanish misrule , arguing , '' no true history of the war ... can be written without an acknowledgment that whatever of justice and freedom and progress was accomplished by the Spanish-American war was due to the enterprise and tenacity of yellow journalists , many of whom lie in unremembered graves . ''


The term was often used to talk about some large New York City newspapers around 1900 as they fought to get more readers than the other newspapers .

The term was extensively used to describe certain major New York City newspapers about 1900 as they battled for circulation .


This worked , and as the Journal 's had 150,000 people subscribe to it , Pulitzer cut his price to a penny , hoping to make Hearst ( who was subsidized by his family 's fortune ) run out of money .

The approach worked , and as the Journal 's circulation jumped to 150,000 , Pulitzer cut his price to a penny , hoping to drive his young competitor ( who was subsidized by his family 's fortune ) into bankruptcy .


Ervin Wardman , publisher of the New York Herald ( which was not `` yellow journalism '' ) came up with the term .

Ervin Wardman , publisher of the sedate New York Herald coined the term .


ChÃ rÃ t is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

ChÃ rÃ t is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


A movie theater is sometimes called a cinema .

A movie theater , cinema , movie house , picture theater , film theater is a venue , usually a building , for viewing motion pictures ( `` movies '' or `` films '' ) .


Attempts have been made to raise sheep there .

Attempts have been periodically made to raise sheep there .


The soil is thin , and spray often goes right over the island , so the soil is very salty .

The soil is thin , and spray frequently goes right over the island , ensuring high soil salinity .


Burhou ( pronounced bu-ROO ) is a small island approximately northwest of Alderney that is part of the Channel Islands .

Burhou ( pronounced bu-ROO ) is a small island approximately 1.4 miles ( 2.25 km ) northwest of Alderney that is part of the Channel Islands .


The island 's animals are mainly birds , although rabbits are long established here .

The island 's animals are mainly of the avian variety , although rabbits are long established here .


No one lives on Burhou , and it is a bird sanctuary , so landing there is banned from 15 March to 27 July .

It has no permanent residents , and is a bird sanctuary , so landing there is banned from March 15 to July 27 .


Piret JÃ rvis ( born February 6 , 1984 in Tallinn , Estonia ) is an Estonian musician , and member of the popular girl group Vanilla Ninja .

Piret JÃ rvis ( born 6 February 1984 in Tallinn ) is an Estonian singer , guitarist and songwriter of the popular girl group Vanilla Ninja and an indiegroup Disko4000 .


North Liberty is a city of Iowa in the United States .

North Liberty is a city in Johnson County , Iowa , United States .


In history Nordic countries been very close .

Several areas have a long and close relationship with and often identify with some or all of the Nordic countries .


Nordic countries are a group of countries in the northern Europe . These countries are Denmark , Finland , Iceland , Sweden and Norway .

The Nordic countries make up a region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic which consists of Denmark , Finland , Iceland , Norway and Sweden and their associated territories , the Faroe Islands , Greenland and Ã


Scandinavia is not the same thing as Nordic countries even though some people say they are . Scandinavia is a peninsula while the Nordic countries are countries .

Scandinavia can thus be considered a subset of the Nordic countries .


Nordic countries have some political co-operation , like the Nordic council .

Politically , Nordic countries do not form a separate entity , but they co-operate in the Nordic Council .


These countries are Denmark , Finland , Iceland , Sweden and Norway .

While the term Scandinavia is commonly used for Denmark , Norway and Sweden , the term the Nordic countries is used unambiguously for Denmark , Norway , Sweden , Finland , and Iceland , including their associated territories ( Greenland , the Faroe Islands , and the Ã


Truex , Jr. won the 2004 and 2005 Nationwide Series .

Truex won the Nationwide Series Championship in 2004 and 2005 .


Truex Jr. drives the # 56 NAPA Auto Parts Toyota Camry for Michael Waltrip Racing in the NASCAR Sprint Cup series .

He currently drives the # 56 NAPA Auto Parts Toyota Camry for Michael Waltrip Racing and the # 99 Toyota for Pastrana-Waltrip Racing part-time .


Martin Lee Truex Jr. ( born June 29 , 1980 in Mayetta , New Jersey ) is an American racecar driver .

Martin Lee Truex Jr. ( born June 29 , 1980 ) is a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series driver .


It is the third biggest town of the Rhein-Neckar district . Weinheim and Sinsheim are the two towns that are bigger .

It is about 7 km ( 5 miles ) south of Heidelberg and the third largest town of the Rhein-Neckar district after Weinheim and Sinsheim .


Leimen is a town in the northwestern part of Baden-W Ã 1\/4 rttemberg in Germany .

Leimen is a town in north-west Baden-W Ã 1\/4 rttemberg , Germany .


The United States Department of Commerce and Labor was a short-lived Cabinet department of the United States government .

The United States Department of Commerce and Labor was a short-lived Cabinet department of the United States government , which was concerned with Business .


The department was administered by the United States Secretary of Commerce and Labor .

The United States Secretary of Commerce and Labor was the head of the department .


Betty Friedan ( February 4 , 1921 - February 4 , 2006 ) was an American writer , activist and feminist .

Betty Friedan ( February 4 , 1921 - February 4 , 2006 ) was an American writer , activist , and feminist .


One year later , she became one of the stars of the German biathlon team with three gold medals in the 2007 Biathlon World Championships in Antholz , Italy . In 2008 , she won three other gold medals in the Biathlon World Cup in Ã -- stersund , Sweden , and reached also the first place of the Biathlon World Cup in that year .

One month later , she claimed three gold medals at her first appearance at the Biathlon World Championships .


The orbit has very small eccentricity ~ 0.0015 and inclination ~ 0.03 Â relative to the equator of Jupiter .

The orbit has very small eccentricity and inclination -- around 0.0015 and 0.03 Â , respectively . Inclination is relative to the equator of Jupiter .


Adrastea is the smallest and second closest member of the closer moons to Jupiter .

Adrastea is the smallest and second closest member of the inner Jovian satellite family .


The Galileo spacecraft was able to see its shape , but the images remain poor .

The Galileo spacecraft was able to determine the moon 's shape in 1998 , but the images remain poor .


It orbits Jupiter at ~ 129,000 km ( 1.806 Jupiter radii ) within the planet 's Main Ring .

It orbits Jupiter at a radius of about 129,000 km ( 1.806 Jupiter radii ) at the exterior edge of the planet 's Main Ring .


It was found by David C. Jewitt and G. Edward Danielson in Voyager 2 probe photographs taken in 1979 and received the designation ' .

Adrastea was discovered by David C. Jewitt and G. Edward Danielson in Voyager 2 probe photographs taken on July 8 , 1979 , and received the designation ' .


Amalthea 's density implies that moon is composed of water ice with a porosity of 10-15 % , and Adrastea may be similar .

Amalthea 's density implies that the moon is composed of water ice with a porosity of 10 â `` 15 % , and Adrastea may be similar .


In 1983 , it was named after the mythological Adrastea , who was a daughter of Jupiter and Ananke .

In 1983 , Adrastea was officially named after the Greek nymph Adrastea , the daughter of Zeus and his lover Ananke .


What Adrastea is made of and the mass of Adrastea are not known , but assuming that its mean density is like that of Amalthea ( ~ 0.86 g\/cm Â ) its mass can be estimated at ~ 2 Ã -- 1015 kg .

The bulk , composition and mass of Adrastea are not known , but assuming that its mean density is like that of Amalthea , around 0.86 g\/cm Â , its mass can be estimated at about 2 kg .


The dictator Adolf Hitler used the word FÃ 1\/4 hrer for his title FÃ 1\/4 hrer and Reichskanzler of the Third Reich .

Examples include BergfÃ 1\/4 hrer ( mountain guide ) , FremdenfÃ 1\/4 hrer ( tourist guide ) , GeschÃ ftsfÃ 1\/4 hrer ( CEO or EO ) , FÃ 1\/4 hrerschein ( driver 's license ) , FÃ 1\/4 hrerstand or FÃ 1\/4 hrerhaus ( driver 's cab ) , Lok ( omotiv ) fÃ 1\/4 hrer ( train driver ) , ReisefÃ 1\/4 hrer ( travel guide book ) , and SpielfÃ 1\/4 hrer ( team captain â `` also referred to as MannschaftskapitÃ n ) .


Combining it with `` FÃ 1\/4 hrer '' , he used the style FÃ 1\/4 hrer und Oberster Befehlshaber der Wehrmacht ( `` Leader and Supreme Commander of the Wehrmacht '' ) , yet a simple `` FÃ 1\/4 hrer '' since May 1942 .


The word FÃ 1\/4 hrer is most time used for the German Chancellor Adolf Hitler during the time of the Third Reich . The dictator Adolf Hitler used the word FÃ 1\/4 hrer for his title FÃ 1\/4 hrer and Reichskanzler of the Third Reich .

In Germany the isolated word FÃ 1\/4 hrer is usually avoided in political contexts , due to its intimate connection with Nazi institutions and with Hitler personally .


A gas is one of the four most common states of matter .

Gas is one of the three classical states of matter .


Gases can be pure , where each molecule is made of individual atoms , elemental , where each molecule is made of more than one of the same atom bound together , or compounds where molecules are made of many types of atoms together . An example of a pure gas is Neon , an example of an elemental gas is Hydrogen and an example of a compound gas could be Carbon Dioxide .

A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms ( e.g. a noble gas or atomic gas like neon ) , elemental molecules made from one type of atom ( e.g. oxygen ) , or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms ( e.g. carbon dioxide ) .


Bure is a municipality of the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland .

Bure is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland .


British Rail 's Class 01 diesel locomotives were a short wheelbase 0-4-0 diesel-mechanical design intended for use in areas with tight curves and limited clearance .

The British Rail Class 01 diesel locomotive was a short wheelbase 0-4-0 diesel-mechanical design intended for use in areas with tight curves and limited clearance .


The rising importance of the Reformed churches , and of Calvin , belongs to the second phase of the Protestant Reformation , when evangelical churches began to form after Luther was excommunicated from the Catholic Church .

The rising importance of the Reformed churches and of Calvin belongs to the second phase of the Protestant Reformation . Evangelical churches began to form after Martin Luther was excommunicated from the Catholic Church .


Most settlers in the American Mid-Atlantic and New England were Calvinists , including the Puritans and Dutch settlers of New Amsterdam ( New York ) .

Most settlers in the American Mid-Atlantic and New England were Calvinists , including the English Puritans , the French Huguenot and Dutch settlers of New Amsterdam ( New York ) , and the Scotch-Irish Presbyterians of the Appalachian back country .


Today , this term also means the doctrines and practices of the Reformed churches , of which Calvin was an early leader , and the system is perhaps best known for its doctrines of predestination and total depravity .

Today , this term also refers to the doctrines and practices of the Reformed churches of which Calvin was an early leader .


Some of the largest Calvinist communions were started by 19th and 20th century missionaries ; especially large are those in Korea and Nigeria .

Some of the largest Calvinist communions were started by 19th and 20th century missionaries . Especially large are those in Indonesia , Korea and Nigeria .


John Calvin 's international influence on the development of the doctrines of the Protestant Reformation began at the age of 25 , when he started work on his first edition of the Institutes of the Christian Religion in 1534 ( published 1536 ) .

John Calvin 's international influence on the development of the doctrines of the Protestant Reformation began in 1534 when Calvin was 25 . That marks his start on the first edition of Institutes of the Christian Religion ( published 1536 ) .


He had signed the Lutheran Augsburg Confession in 1540 , but his importance came from the Swiss Reformation .

He had signed the Lutheran Augsburg Confession as it was revised by Melancthon in 1540 .


Together with his contributions to confessional documents for use in churches it founded the direct personal influence on Protestantism of Calvin .

The Institutes , together with Calvin 's polemical and pastoral works , his contributions to confessional documents for use in churches , and his massive outpouring of commentary on the Bible , meant that Calvin had a direct personal influence on Protestantism .


Calvinism was popular as well for some time in Scandinavia , especially Sweden , but was rejected in favor of Lutheranism after the synod of Uppsala in 1593 .

Calvinism gained some popularity in Scandinavia , especially Sweden , but was rejected in favor of Lutheranism after the synod of Uppsala in 1593 .


Although much of Calvin 's practice was in Geneva , his publications spread his ideas of a correctly reformed church to many parts of Europe .

Although much of Calvin 's practice was in Geneva , his publications spread his ideas of a `` correctly '' reformed church to many parts of Europe .


Calvinism became the theological system of the majority in Scotland ( see John Knox ) , the Netherlands , and parts of Germany and was influential in France , Hungary , Transylvania , and Poland .

Calvinism became the theological system of the majority in Scotland ( see John Knox ) , the Netherlands , with men such as William Ames , T J Frelinghuysen and Wilhelmus a Brakel and parts of Germany ( especially those adjacent to the Netherlands ) with the likes of Olevianus and his colleague Zacharias Ursinus . It was influential in France , Hungary , then-independent Transylvania , Lithuania and Poland .


Saint-M Ã dard-d ` Eyrans is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France .

Saint-M Ã dard-d ` Eyrans is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .


The later history of the Imperial House is sometimes referred to as the House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov .

The later history of the Imperial House is sometimes referred to informally as the House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov .


The House of Romanov was the second and last imperial dynasty to rule over Russia . It ruled from 1613 until the February Revolution took away the crown in 1917 .

The House of Romanov was the second and last imperial dynasty to rule over Russia , reigning from 1613 until the February Revolution abolished the crown in 1917 .


The Duke of Holstein-Gottorp , who was from a younger branch of the Oldenburgs , married into the Romanov family in the mid-eighteenth century .

The Duke of Holstein-Gottorp , who was himself a member of a cadet branch of the Oldenburgs , married into the Romanov family early in the 18th century ; all Romanov Tsars from the middle of that century to the revolution of 1917 were descended from that marriage .


The Indian Ocean is the ocean surrounded by Asia to the north , Australia and the Pacific Ocean to the east , the Southern Ocean to the south , and Africa and the Atlantic Ocean to the west .

The Indian Ocean has asymmetric ocean circulation .


He also received the U.S. Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991 .

He also received the U.S. Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991 from president George H. W. Bush .


He shared the 1974 Nobel Prize in Economics with rival Gunnar Myrdal . The award was for their work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their analysis of the dependence of economic , social and institutional phenomena .

In 1974 Hayek shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics ( with Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal ) for his `` pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and ( his ) penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic , social and institutional phenomena . ''


Soy sauce ( US ) or soya sauce is a fermented sauce made from soy beans ( soya beans ) , roasted grain , water and salt . It is commonly used in Asian cuisine and appears in some Western cuisine dishes , especially as an ingredient in Worcestershire sauce .

`` foreigners ' soy sauce '' ) is the Hokkien name for Worcestershire sauce .


Although there are many types of soy sauce , all are salty and earthy-tasting brownish liquids used to season food while cooking or at the table .

All varieties of soy sauce are salty , earthy , brownish liquids intended to season food while cooking or at the table .


In times of war , prisoners of war may also be held in prisons .

In times of war or conflict , prisoners of war may also be detained in prisons .


The United States currently has the most people in prison ; there are more than 2 million people in prison . In 2002 , both Russia and China also had over 1 million people in prison .

China 's prison population is estimated at about 2 million .


In 2002 , both Russia and China also had over 1 million people in prison .

In 2002 , both Russia and China also had prison populations in excess of 1 million .


Edinaldo Batista dos Santos ( born 2 April 1987 ) is a Brazilian football player .

Edinaldo Batista Dos Santos , or simply Edinaldo ( born April 2 , 1987 ) , is a Brazilian midfielder .


He played for the Oklahoma Sooners college football team . He was drafted by the St. Louis Rams with the first overall pick in the 2010 National Football League ( NFL ) Draft .

He was the first overall pick in the 2010 NFL Draft , and played college football at Oklahoma .


Bradford is a Cherokee . ( The Cherokee Nation is a Native American tribe . )

Bradford is an official citizen of the Cherokee Nation , and is also listed on the tribe 's rolls .


Samuel Jacob Bradford ( born November 8 , 1987 in Oklahoma City , Oklahoma ) is an American football quarterback for the St. Louis Rams .

Samuel Jacob `` Sam '' Bradford ( born November 8 , 1987 ) is an American football quarterback for the St. Louis Rams of the National Football League .


Clyde Football Club is a Scottish professional football team based in the town of Cumbernauld , North Lanarkshire . They are members of the Scottish Football League and currently play in the Scottish Second Division .

Clyde Football Club are a Scottish professional football team currently playing in the Third Division of the Scottish Football League .


The song was first introduced by Judy Garland in the 1944 movie , Meet Me In St. Louis .

`` Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas '' is a song introduced by Judy Garland in the 1944 MGM musical Meet Me in St. Louis .


Saint-Clair is a commune in the ArdÃ che dÃ partement in southern France .

Saint-Clair is a commune in the ArdÃ che department in southern France .


Cuisy-en-Almont is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

Cuisy-en-Almont is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


Dysnomia is the only known moon of the dwarf planet Eris .

Dysnomia , officially ( 136199 ) Eris I Dysnomia , is the only known moon of the dwarf planet Eris ( the largest known dwarf planet in the Solar System ) .


The moon was named Dysnomia ( from the Ancient Greek word that means `` lawlessness '' ) after the daughter of the Greek goddess Eris .

It was discovered in 2005 by Mike Brown and the laser guide star adaptive optics team at the W. M. Keck Observatory , and carried the provisional designation of ' until officially named Dysnomia ( from the Ancient Greek word meaning `` lawlessness '' ) after the daughter of the Greek goddess Eris .


In this case , the gland is called endocrine gland . If the substance is released to somewhere else , the gland is called exocrine gland .

A gland is an organ in an animal 's body that synthesizes a substance for release such as hormones or breast milk , often into the bloodstream ( endocrine gland ) or into cavities inside the body or its outer surface ( exocrine gland ) .


Busan ( Pusan ) is a major port city in South Korea and is the second-largest city in the country .

Busan ( Officially Busan Metropolitan City ) , formerly spelled Pusan is South Korea 's second largest metropolis after Seoul , with a population of around 3.6 million . It is the largest port city in South Korea and the fifth largest port in the world .


The band is made up of two musicians , Luke Steele of The Sleepy Jackson and Nick Littlemore of Pnau .

The duo is composed of Luke Steele of The Sleepy Jackson and Nick Littlemore of Pnau .


The pair achieved chart success with their first single , `` Walking on a Dream '' , which got to number ten on the Australian charts , and reached 64 on the UK Singles Chart .

The duo achieved chart success with their first single `` Walking on a Dream '' which peaked at number ten on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart and reached number sixty four on the UK Singles Chart .


Empire of the Sun is an Australian electronic music group which started in 2007 .

Empire of the Sun is an Australian electronic music duo that formed in 2006 .


Recently Empire of the Sun was in the news for getting to fourth position on the BBCâ s annual Sound of Music poll 2009 .

Empire of the Sun has gained mainstream media attention for gaining fourth position on the BBCâ s annual Sound of Music poll 2009 .


Their first album also called Walking on a Dream , released in October 2008 , won a platinum award in Australia . Another single from the album , `` We Are the People '' reached the top 25 .

Their debut album also titled Walking on a Dream , released in October 2008 , to date has been certified platinum in Australia and has spawned the top 25 hit `` We Are the People '' .


Bertone and Mamberti have been named in their respective roles under by Pope Benedict XVI in September 2006 .

Bertone and Mamberti were named in their respective roles by Pope Benedict XVI in September 2006 .


The current incumbent , Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone , is the Holy See 's equivalent of a prime minister .

The incumbent , Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone , is the See 's equivalent of a prime minister .


The Roman Curia consists of the Secretariat of State , nine Congregations , three Tribunals , 11 Pontifical Councils , and a complex of offices that administer church affairs at the highest level .

The Roman Curia consists of a complex of offices that administer church affairs at the highest level , including the Secretariat of State , nine Congregations , three Tribunals , eleven Pontifical Councils , and seven Pontifical Commissions .


While `` Apostolic See '' can refer to any see founded by any of the Apostles , the term is in this case used to refer to the see of the bishop seen as successor of the chief of the Apostles , Saint Peter .

The term `` Apostolic See '' can refer to any see founded by one of the Apostles , but , when used with the definite article , it is used in the Catholic Church to refer specifically to the see of the Bishop of Rome , whom that Church sees as successor of Saint Peter , the chief of the apostles .


The Holy See , not the Vatican City , maintains diplomatic relations with states ( such as with the United Kingdom ) , and participates in international organizations .

The Holy See , not the Vatican City , maintains diplomatic relations with states .


Archbishop Dominique Mamberti , Secretary of the Section for Relations With States of the Secretariat of State acts as the Holy See 's foreign minister .

Archbishop Dominique Mamberti , Secretary of the Section for Relations with States of the Secretariat of State , acts as the Holy See 's minister of foreign affairs .


The Pope governs the Church through the Roman Curia .

The Pope governs the Catholic Church through the Roman Curia .


The Holy See , not the Vatican City , maintains diplomatic relations with states ( such as with the United Kingdom ) , and participates in international organizations . Foreign embassies are accredited to the Holy See , not to the Vatican City , and it is the Holy See that establishes treaties and concordats with other sovereign entities .

Ambassadors are officially accredited not to the Vatican City State but to `` the Holy See '' , and papal representatives to states and international organizations are recognized as representing the Holy See , not the Vatican City State .


Among the most active of the major Curial institutions are the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith , which oversees church doctrine ; the Congregation for Bishops , which coordinates the appointment of bishops worldwide ; the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples , which oversees all missionary activities ; and the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace , which deals with international peace and social issues .

Among the most active of the major Curial institutions are the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith , which oversees the Catholic Church 's doctrine ; the Congregation for Bishops , which coordinates the appointment of bishops worldwide ; the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples , which oversees all missionary activities ; and the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace , which deals with international peace and social issues .


The Sophie Germain prime and Crater Germain on Venus are named after her .


The International Energy Agency ( IEA ; ) is an autonomous intergovernmental organization created in 1974 after the 1973 oil crisis .

The International Energy Agency ( IEA ; ) is a Paris-based autonomous intergovernmental organization established in the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) in 1974 in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis .


BÃ darrides is a commune of 5,110 people ( 1999 ) . It is located in the region Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France .

BÃ darrides is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur region in southeastern France .


St. Catharines is the biggest city in the Niagara Region of Canada .

The Town of St. Catharines was incorporated in 1845 . St. Catharines was incorporated as a city in 1876 .


St. Catharines is the biggest city in the Niagara Region of Canada . Nearly 132,000 people live in St. Catharines as of 2006 .

During this time , St. Catharines nearly tripled in population .


Salaspils is a town in Latvia with town rights since 1993 .

Salaspils ( is a town Latvia , the administrative center of Salaspils municipality .


Truthiness is a word used by Stephen Colbert .

They also mentioned Colbert 's role in making the word `` truthiness '' .


The current version of CSS is CSS 2 . CSS version 3 is currently being worked on .

This meant that already published standards like CSS 2.1 , CSS 3 Selectors and CSS 3 Text were pulled back from Candidate Recommendation to Working Draft level .


CSS was designed by the W3C , and is supported well by most modern web browsers . The current version of CSS is CSS 2 .

Because very early web browsers were either completely incapable of handling CSS , or render CSS very poorly , designers today often routinely use CSS filters that completely prevent these browsers from accessing any of the CSS .


He became friendly with the animals and imaginary things of the mountain . Later , after catching the terror of the region around Mount Ooe , Shutendouji , he became a great follower of Minamoto no Yorimitsu under the new name Sakata no Kintoki ( å ç '' å

He became friendly with the animals of the mountain , and later , after catching Shutendouji , the terror of the region around Mount Ooe , he became a loyal follower of Minamoto no Yorimitsu under the new name Sakata Kintoki .


KintarÅ ( é ` å é , KintarÅ ? sometimes means `` Golden Boy '' ) is a folk ( story ) hero from Japanese folklore .

KintarÅ is a folk hero from Japanese folklore .


In many armed forces in the world , Private First Class ( PFC ) is a rank held by junior enlisted persons .

In the United States armed forces , Private First Class ( PFC ) is a military rank held by junior enlisted persons .


Year 1392 was a leap year starting on Monday .

Year 1392 ( MCCCXCII ) was a leap year starting on Monday ( link will display full calendar ) of the Julian calendar .


Pine Plains is a community in Dutchess County , New York , United States .

Pine Plains is a town in Dutchess County , New York , USA .


Saint-Aubin-de-Branne is a commune . It is found in the Aquitaine region in the Gironde department in the southwest of France .

Saint-Aubin-de-Branne is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .


East Riding of Yorkshire is a county in the English region called Yorkshire and the Humber in the north of England .

The East Riding of Yorkshire , or simply East Yorkshire , is a local government district with unitary authority status , and a ceremonial county of England .


Castration has also been used in modern conflicts , as the Janjaweed militiamen currently ( as of 2005 ) attacking citizens of the Darfur region in Sudan , often castrating villagers and leaving them to bleed to death .

Castration has been used in modern conflicts , as the Janjaweed militiamen currently ( As of 2005 ) attacking citizens of the Darfur region in Sudan , often castrating villagers and leaving them to bleed to death .


After battles in some cases , victors castrated their captives or the corpses of the defeated to symbolise their victory and ` seize ' their power .

After battles in some cases , winners castrated their captives or the corpses of the defeated to symbolize their victory and `` seize '' their power .


Eunuchs in China have been known to usurp power in many eras of Chinese history , most notably in the Later Han , late Tang and late Ming Dynasties .

Eunuchs in China had been known to usurp power in many eras of Chinese history , most notably in the Later Han , late Tang and late Ming Dynasty .


Castration was frequently used in certain cultures of Europe , the Middle East , India , Africa and China , for political , religious or social reasons .

Castration was frequently used for religious or social reasons in certain cultures in Europe , the Middle East , South Asia , Africa , East Asia .


In Europe , when females were not permitted to sing in church or cathedral choirs in the Roman Catholic Church , boys were sometimes castrated to prevent their voices breaking at puberty and to develop a special high voice .

In Europe , when women were not permitted to sing in church or cathedral choirs in the Roman Catholic Church , boys might be castrated to prevent their voices breaking at puberty and to develop a special high voice .


Castrated men â '' eunuchs â '' were often admitted to special social classes and were used particularly to staff bureaucracies and palace households : in particular , the harem .

Castrated men -- eunuchs -- were often admitted to special social classes and were used particularly to staff bureaucracies and palace households : in particular , the harem .


Castration is any action , surgical , chemical , or otherwise , by which a male loses the functions of the testes or a female loses the functions of the ovaries .

Castration ( also referred to as gelding , spaying , neutering , fixing , orchiectomy , oophorectomy ) is any action , surgical , chemical , or otherwise , by which a male loses the functions of the testicles or a female loses the functions of the ovaries .


Domestic animals are usually castrated in order to avoid unwanted or uncontrolled reproduction ; to reduce or prevent other ways of sexual behavior such as territorial behavior or aggression ( like fighting between groups of uncastrated males of a species ) ; or to reduce other consequences of sexual behavior that may make animal husbandry more difficult , such as fence destruction when animals try to get to nearby females of the species .

Domestic animals are usually castrated to avoid unwanted or uncontrolled reproduction ; to reduce or prevent other manifestations of sexual behavior such as territorial behavior or aggression ( e.g. fighting between groups of entire ( uncastrated ) males of a species ) ; or to reduce other consequences of sexual behavior that may make animal husbandry more difficult , such as boundary\/fence\/enclosure destruction when attempting to get to nearby females of the species .


Other religions , for example Judaism and Islam , were strongly opposed to the practice .

Other religions , for example Judaism , were strongly opposed to the practice .


Edward Gibbon 's famous work Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire reports castration of defeated foes at the hands of the Normans .

Edward Gibbon 's famous work Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire reports castration of defeated foes at the hands of the Romans .


Testicular cancer is generally treated by surgical removal of the cancerous testicle ( s ) ( orchidectomy ) , often followed by radiation or chemotherapy .

Testicular cancer is generally treated by surgical removal of the cancerous testicle ( s ) ( orchiectomy ) , often followed by radiation or chemotherapy .


A Dyson sphere is an idea about a structure that surrounds a star , first thought up by physicist Freeman Dyson , and then used in some science fiction works . There are at least three types of Dyson spheres :

A second type of Dyson sphere is the `` Dyson bubble '' .


Molly Hatchet is a southern rock band from Jacksonville , Florida .

Molly Hatchet is an American southern rock band formed in Jacksonville , Florida , in 1975 .


Predecessors of the bikini date back to antiquity , in Ã atalhÃ yÃ 1\/4 k and the Greco-Roman world .

Predecessors of the bikini date to antiquity , in Ã atalhÃ yÃ 1\/4 k and the Greco-Roman world .


Heim 's design was the first worn on the beach , but the clothing was given its name by RÃ ard .

Heim 's design was the first worn on the beach , but clothing was given its name by RÃ ard .


The bikini is perhaps the most popular female beachwear around the globe .

The bikini is perhaps the most popular female beachwear around the globe , according to French fashion historian Olivier Saillard due to `` the power of women , and not the power of fashion '' .


Hollywood stars like Ava Gardner , Rita Hayworth and Lana Turner tried similar swimwear or beachwear .

Hollywood stars such as Ava Gardner , Rita Hayworth and Lana Turner tried similar swimwear or beachwear .


By the mid 2000s bikinis had become a US$ 811 million business annually , according to the NPD Group , a consumer and retail information company .

By the mid 2000s bikinis had become a $ 811 million business annually , according to the NPD Group , a consumer and retail information company .


Archeological finds , especially in Pompeii , show the Roman goddess Venus wearing a bikini .

Archeological finds , particularly in Pompeii , show the Roman goddess Venus wearing a bikini .


`` This is due to `` the power of women , and not the power of fashion ... The emancipation of swimwear has always been linked to the emancipation of women '' .

As he explains , `` The emancipation of swimwear has always been linked to the emancipation of women . ''


Porrentruy ( German : Pruntrut ) is a Swiss municipality and seat of the district of the same name found in the canton of Jura .

Porrentruy is a Swiss municipality and seat of the district of the same name located in the canton of Jura .


Peynier is a commune of 2,900 people ( 2005 ) . It is found in the Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur region in the Bouches-du-Rh Ã ne department in the south of France .

Peynier is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rh Ã ne department in southern France .


His father once said `` There will be no heaven for me if Octavius is not there . ''

Octavius 's death devastated his father . Shortly afterward , King George said `` There will be no heaven for me if Octavius is not there . ''


Prince Octavius ( 23 February 1779 - 3 May 1783 ) was the eighth son of George III and Queen Charlotte .

The Prince Octavius ( 23 February 1779 -- 3 May 1783 ) was a member of the British Royal Family , the thirteenth child and eighth son of George III .


Hurricane Isidore was the strongest hurricane in the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season .

Hurricane Isidore was the ninth named storm and the second hurricane in the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season .


The name `` Isidore '' was retired , which means it will never be used again for an Atlantic hurricane .

The name Isidore was retired in the spring of 2003 and will never be used for an Atlantic hurricane again .


It was replace with the `` Ike '' , which was used in 2008 and was also retired .

It was replaced with Ike in the 2008 season which was also retired .


He has also received awards and nominations at the American Music Awards , MTV Video Music Awards , and Golden Globe Awards .

Adams has also received awards and nominations at the American Music Awards , MTV Video Music Awards , and Golden Globe Awards .


Adams has been nominated for five Golden Globe .

Adams has been nominated ten times and has received one award .


Adams was awarded the Order of Canada and the Order of British Columbia for his contribution to popular music and his philanthropic work .

Adams was appointed to the Order of Canada and the Order of British Columbia for his contribution to popular music and his philanthropic work .


About 300,000 homes and businesses in southeast Louisiana and the Mississippi coastline lost electrical power while a storm surge of 4-6 feet ( 1.2-1 .8 meters ) affected the same area , causing some beach erosion in southern Louisiana .

Approximately 300,000 homes and businesses in southeast Louisiana and the Mississippi Gulf Coast lost electrical power and a storm surge of 4 â `` 6 feet ( 1.2-1 .8 m ) affected the same area , causing some beach erosion near Grand Isle , Louisiana .


While it was thought that Cindy did not originally reach hurricane strength , but post-season reanalysis confirmed the upgrade .

Initially it was felt that Cindy did not reach hurricane strength , but post-season reanalysis confirmed the upgrade .


Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in Atlanta had over 5 inches ( 130 mm ) of rain on July 6 , its sixth-highest one-day rainfall since 1878 ; most rain fell during just two hours ( 8 to 10 p.m. EDT ) .

Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in Atlanta recorded over 5 inches ( 130 mm ) of rain on July 6 , its sixth-highest one-day rainfall since records began in 1878 ; most of the rain fell during just two hours ( 8 â `` 10 p.m. EDT ) .


Because Cindy did not cause any major damages , its name was not retired by the World Meteorological Organization and will be on the list of names for the 2011 season .

Due to the lack of major effects from Hurricane Cindy , the name was not retired by the World Meteorological Organization and will be on the list of names for the 2011 season .


The storm restrengthened as it moved north becoming a hurricane just before making landfall on southern Louisiana on July 5 .

The storm strengthened as it moved north becoming a hurricane just before making landfall near Grand Isle , Louisiana , on July 5 .


The storm weakened as it moved inland and became extratropical on July 7 .

The storm weakened as it moved overland and became extratropical on July 7 .


An unusually strong F2 tornado formed from Cindy 's remnants and caused a lot of damage in Hampton , Georgia .

An unusually strong F2 tornado was spawned from Cindy 's remnants and caused severe damage in Hampton , Georgia .


The depression soon made landfall on the peninsula and weakened before entering in the Gulf of Mexico on July 4 .

The depression soon made landfall on the peninsula and weakened before reemerging in the Gulf of Mexico on July 4 .


Although at the time , Cindy was still listed as a `` Tropical Storm '' by the weather service , many in New Orleans thought that Cindy was a hurricane , and referred to it as `` Hurricane Cindy '' before it was officially upgraded .

Although still listed as a `` Tropical Storm '' by the weather service at the time , many laypeople in New Orleans were under the impression that Cindy was a hurricane , and referred to it as `` Hurricane Cindy '' before it was officially upgraded .


Cindy also caused flooding and a very big blackout in New Orleans , Louisiana , which encouraged the people to evacuate when Hurricane Katrina destroyed the city in the next month .

Cindy also caused flooding and a severe blackout in New Orleans , Louisiana , which encouraged the population to evacuate when Hurricane Katrina approached the city the next month .


Anyhow , the depression developed quickly before making landfall on YucatÃ n Peninsula early on July 4 with 35 mph ( 55 km\/h ) winds .

The depression developed quickly before making landfall on YucatÃ n Peninsula early on July 4 with 35 mph ( 55 km\/h ) winds and began to lose its circulation overland .


A new center of organization began forming later on July 4 when Cinday entered the Gulf of Mexico .

A new center of circulation began forming later on July 4 , over the Gulf of Mexico , to the north of the original center .


Cindy was originally thought to have been a strong tropical storm at its strongest strength , but was upgraded to a Category 1 hurricane in the post-storm analysis .

Cindy was originally thought to have been a tropical storm at peak strength , but was upgraded to a Category 1 hurricane in the post-storm analysis .


In New Orleans , Louisiana , wind gusts reached 70 mph ( 110 km\/h ) , many trees were destroyed or uprooted and various street flooding was reported .

In New Orleans , Louisiana , wind gusts reached 70 mph ( 110 km\/h ) , many trees were damaged or uprooted and scattered street flooding was reported .


The depression moved north in the Gulf of Mexico and became a Tropical Storm Cindy early on July 5 .

The depression moved northwards into the Gulf of Mexico and became a Tropical Storm Cindy early on July 5 .


On June 24 a strong tropical wave formed off the African coast and moved quickly west across the Atlantic Ocean without any strengthening .

On June 24 a vigorous tropical wave moved off the African coast and quickly west across the Atlantic without developing .


The depression became extratropical over South Carolina on July 7 and moved to the northeast dissipating in the Atlantic Ocean on July 9 .

The depression became extratropical over the Carolinas on July 7 and moved to the northeast dissipating in the Gulf of St Lawrence on July 9 .


Hurricane Cindy was a tropical cyclone that reached minimal hurricane strength for a very short time in the Gulf of Mexico during July and made landfall in Louisiana .

Hurricane Cindy was a tropical cyclone that briefly reached minimal hurricane strength in the Gulf of Mexico during July in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season and made landfall in Louisiana .


Hurricane Cindy weakened back into a tropical storm as it crossed over southeastern Louisiana and Breton Sound before making a second landfall near Waveland , Mississippi with 50 mph ( 85 km\/h ) winds on July 6 .

Hurricane Cindy weakened back into a tropical storm as it crossed over extreme southeastern Louisiana and Breton Sound before making a second landfall near Waveland , Mississippi with 50 mph ( 85 km\/h ) winds on July 6 .


Even though Cindy had weakened to a depression and was deep inland , Cindy 's effects were still felt ; some parts of Atlanta Motor Speedway and Tara Field airport in Hampton , Georgia suffered heavy damage from an F2 tornado created by the storm .

In Georgia , some parts of Atlanta Motor Speedway and Tara Field airport in Hampton , Georgia suffered US$ 40 million damage from an F2 tornado spawned by the storm .


The wave steadily became more organized as it came to the Caribbean Sea and late on July 3 it strengthened into Tropical Depression Three about 80 miles ( 130 km ) east of Chetumal , Mexico .

The wave gradually became more organized as it crossed the Caribbean and late on July 3 it strengthened into Tropical Depression Three about 80 miles ( 130 km ) east of Chetumal , Mexico .


Cindy was responsible for a total of 3 deaths in the United States and ` for bringing heavy rains to Louisiana , Mississippi , Alabama and Maryland .

Hurricane Cindy was responsible for 3 deaths in the United States and brought heavy rains to Louisiana , Mississippi , Alabama and Maryland .


The models originally had difficulty predicting the future path of the depression and the forecasts from the National Hurricane Center agreed with this , predicting that the depression would maybe hit Texas .

The models initially had difficulty predicting the track of the depression and the forecasts from the National Hurricane Center reflected this , indicating that the depression would move towards Texas .


It was the third named storm and first hurricane of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season .

It was the third named storm and first hurricane of the season .


Weakened shear allowed Cindy to strengthen more as it approached Louisiana and was a minimal hurricane with 75 mph ( 120 km\/h ) winds for a very short time when it made landfall near Grand Isle late on July 5 .

Weakened shear allowed Cindy to strengthen further as it approached Louisiana and the storm was a minimal hurricane with 75 mph ( 120 km\/h ) winds when it made landfall near Grand Isle late on July 5 .


Hurricane Cindy formed on July 3 just east of the YucatÃ n Peninsula in the Caribbean Sea .

Hurricane Cindy initially formed on July 3 just east of the YucatÃ n Peninsula in the Caribbean Sea .


Dreaming Out Loud is the debut album by OneRepublic , produced by Greg Wells with two songs produced by Ryan Tedder .

Dreaming Out Loud is the debut album by American rock band OneRepublic . It was produced by Greg Wells , with two songs produced by singer Ryan Tedder , and was engineered and mixed by Joe Zook .


OneRepublic has been the number one band on MySpace for over a year , and has been in MySpace Music 's Top Artists since early 2006 , with over 24 million total song plays and counting .

The album follows two years of massive success on MySpace where the band has appeared in MySpace Music 's Top Artists since early 2006 , with over 28 million total song plays counted .


The album was released in the US on November 20 , 2007 , although the entire album had been leaked on to the internet months before .

The album was released on November 20 , 2007 , though many of the tracks were leaked months in advance of the official release date .


Valbonne is a commune . It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the south of France .

Valbonne is a commune near Nice in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur region in south-eastern France .


She has won two Academy Awards for best actress , the first for her performance in BUtterfield 8 , the second for her performance in Who 's Afraid of Virginia Woolf ? .

Taylor won two Academy Awards for Best Actress for her performance in BUtterfield 8 in 1960 , and for Who 's Afraid of Virginia Woolf ?


Dame Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor , DBE ( born February 27 , 1932 -- died March 23 , 2011 ) was an English-born American actress .

Dame Elizabeth Rosemond `` Liz '' Taylor , DBE ( February 27 , 1932 - March 23 , 2011 ) was an English-born American actress .


They appeared in several films together ; The V.I. P 's ( 1963 ) , The Sandpiper ( 1965 ) , Who 's afraid of Virginia Woolf ? ( 1966 ) , The Taming of the Shrew ( 1967 ) , Boom ( 1968 ) .

Taylor and Burton would appear together in six other films during the decade , among them The V.I.P.s ( 1963 ) , The Sandpiper ( 1965 ) , and The Taming of the Shrew ( 1967 ) .


In 2004 , she was diagnosed with congestive heart failure ; in 2009 she underwent cardiac surgery for it ; in early 2011 , new symptoms related to congestive heart failure caused her to be admitted into Cedars-Sinai Medical Center for treatment . Taylor died on March 23 , 2011 , surrounded by her four children at the same medical center in in Los Angeles , California , at the age of 79 .

In February 2011 , new symptoms related to congestive heart failure caused her to be admitted into Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles for treatment , where she remained until her death at age 79 on March 23 , 2011 , surrounded by her four children .


Jaulgonne is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

Jaulgonne is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


A Raster image processor is a component that can be found in some printers . The raster image processor receives the data in a description language , like Postscript , PCL , or PDF and converts it to a bitmap or raster image .

Raster image processing is the process and the means of turning vector digital information such as a PostScript file into a high-resolution raster image .


Ivan Boldirev ( born August 15 , 1949 in Zrenjanin , SR Serbia , SFR Yugoslavia ( now Serbia ) ) is a retired NHL ice hockey center who played for numerous NHL teams .

Ivan Boldirev ( born August 15 , 1949 in Zrenjanin , SR Serbia , SFR Yugoslavia ( now Serbia ) and raised in Sault Ste . Marie , Ontario ) is a retired Serbian-Canadian professional ice hockey center who played 15 seasons in the NHL from 1970 through 1985 .


Therefore , King Taejong , the third king of the Joseon Dynasty , firstly beginned river training work by starting construction work for an open channel . After that , King Yeongjo , the 21st king of the Joseon Dynasty , conducted the overhaul of the stream in earnest by dredging the stream , building stone banks and changing a waterway .

The work , which included dredging and bolstering the banks of the stream and building the bridges , was carried out every 2 ~ 3 years during this period from the reign of Taejong , the third king of the Joseon Dynasty .


The restoration of Cheonggyecheon took three years spending almost $ 400 million . Since its opening in 2005 , hundreds of thousands of people have visited Cheonggyecheon with friends and family .

The Seoul Metropolitan Government established several organizations to oversee the successful restoration of Cheonggyecheon : The Cheonggyecheon Restoration Project Headquarters for the control of the whole project , Citizen 's Committee for Cheonggyecheon Restoration Project for the management of conflict between Seoul Metropolitan Government and the union of merchants , and Cheonggyecheon Restoration Research Corps for the establishment and review of the restoration plan .


A longitudinal engine is an engine mounted in a vehicle so that the engine 's crankshaft is parallel with the vehicle , front to back .

In automotive engineering , a longitudinal engine is an internal combustion engine in which the crankshaft is oriented along the long axis of the vehicle , front to back .


Copyright infringement ( or copyright violation ) is the use of material which is covered by copyright law , in a way that violates one of the original copyright owner 's exclusive rights , such as the right to reproduce or perform the copyrighted work , or to make derivative works that build upon it .

Copyright infringement is the unauthorized or prohibited use of works under copyright , infringing the copyright holder 's exclusive rights , such as the right to reproduce or perform the copyrighted work , or to make derivative works .


Cranston is a part of the Providence metropolitan area .


The center of population of Rhode Island is located in Cranston .


In photography , a telephoto lens is a lens .

In photography and cinematography , a telephoto lens is a specific type of a long-focus lens in which the physical length of the lens is shorter than the focal length .


With telephoto lenses things look closer than they really are .

The angle of view and other effects of long-focus lenses are the same for telephoto lenses of the same specified focal length . Long-focal-length lenses are often informally referred to as telephoto lenses although this is technically incorrect : a telephoto lens specifically incorporates the telephoto group .


The other meaning of telephoto lens applies to lenses that are constructed in a special way so they can be shorter than their focal length .

As the focal length of such lenses increases , the physical length of lens becomes inconveniently long . But such lenses are not telephoto lenses , no matter how extreme the focal length .


The less specific use is to mean a lens that has a longer focal length than a normal lens .

If a camera lens were to be constructed from a single lens of 500 mm focal length , then when the lens is focused on an object at infinity , the lens will be 500 mm away from the focal plane where the film or sensor is . The center of the lens is referred to as the optical center of the lens .


It was the 22nd annual SummerSlam event and featured wrestlers from the Raw , SmackDown , and ECW brands .

It was the 22nd annual SummerSlam event and featured talent from the Raw , SmackDown , and ECW brands .


SummerSlam ( 2009 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , which took place on August 23 , 2009 at Staples Center in Los Angeles , California .

SummerSlam ( 2009 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , which took place on August 23 , 2009 at Staples Center in Los Angeles , California .


Tsutomu Sonobe ( born 29 March 1958 ) is a former Japanese football player .

Tsutomu Sonobe ( born March 29 , 1958 ) is a former Japanese football player .


Bryan Ezra Tsumoru Clay ( born January 3 , 1980 ) is an American decathlete -- the 2008 Olympic gold medalist and 2004 Olympic silver medalist .

Bryan Ezra Tsumoru Clay ( born January 3 , 1980 ) is an American decathlete .


Leandro Somoza ( born 26 January 1981 ) is an Argentine football player .

Leandro Daniel Somoza ( born 26 January , 1981 ) is an Argentine football midfielder who plays for Boca Juniors in the Argentine Primera DivisiÃ n.


This linguistic relationship is believed to indicate the Roma 's and Sinti 's geographical origin .

This linguistic relationship is believed to indicate the geographical origins of the Romani people ( Roma , Sinti , etc. ) .


Analysis of the Romani language has shown that it is closely related to those spoken in central and northern India , Pothwari in particular .

Analysis of the Romani language has shown that it is closely related to those spoken in central and northern India .


The last column shows the percentage of Romani speakers in the Roma population in each country .

The last column shows the percentage of Romani speakers in the Romani population in each country .


Romani or Romany ( native name : romani Ä hib ) is the language of the Roma and Sinti .

The largest of these are Vlax Romani ( about 900,000 speakers ) , Balkan Romani ( 700,000 ) , Carpathian Romani ( 500,000 ) and Sinti Romani ( 300,000 ) .