Lanterns that give dim light are generally used as decoration .

Dim varieties are often used for decoration .


Lanterns may be used for giving signals , or as general light sources for camping .

Lanterns may also be used for signaling , to guide your path somewhere or as general light sources for camping .


The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ) decide the name of elements that should be used by everyone . They used unnilquadium ( Unq ) as a temporary name .

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC ) adopted unnilquadium , Unq , as a temporary , systematic element name , derived from the Latin names for digits 1 , 0 , and 4 .


In 1997 they resolved the dispute and used the current name of rutherfordium .

In 1997 the teams involved resolved the dispute and adopted the current name rutherfordium .


The chemical element with atomic number 105 was named dubnium .

The name dubnium was given to element 105 at the same time .


It has the symbol Rf . It has the atomic number 104 .

Rutherfordium is a chemical element with symbol Rf and atomic number 104 , named in honor of New Zealand physicist Ernest Rutherford .


It is used as a source of tin ( II ) ions without any tin ( IV ) ions contaminating them .

Tin ( II ) sulfate is a convenient source of tin ( II ) ions uncontaminated by tin ( IV ) species .


Saint-Ouen-des-Besaces is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

Saint-Ouen-des-Besaces is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


The comedian normally speaks quickly many funny stories and short jokes ( called bits ) This is called a monologue , routine or act .

Stand-up performances are usually short , where the comedian recites a fast-paced succession of humorous stories , short jokes ( called `` bits '' ) , and one-liners , which constitute what is typically called a monologue , routine or act .


A person who performs stand-up comedy is known as a stand-up comic , stand-up comedian or simply stand up .

The performer is commonly known as a comic , stand-up comic , stand-up comedian or simply a stand-up .


Stand-up comedy is usually done in comedy clubs , bars , colleges and theaters .

Stand-up comedy is often performed in comedy clubs , bars , neo-burlesques , colleges and theaters , but there are no real restrictions on where the craft can be performed .


Some stand-up comedians use music or magic tricks in their acts .

Some stand-up comedians use props , music or magic tricks to enhance their acts .


Do not use this template on its own , use .

Do not use this template directly , use instead .


It holds all of the date calculating code for , while chooses the award .

It holds all of the date processing code for , while picks out the award .


Douglas Clayton Durdle ( born September 1 , 1972 ) is an English professional wrestler that is currently signed to TNA Wrestling wrestling under the ring name , Douglas Williams .

Douglas Clayton Durdle ( born 1 September 1972 ) is an English professional wrestler , better known by his ring name Doug Williams . He is currently signed to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ( TNA ) under the ring name Douglas Williams .


Baraka 's writings have made controversy over the years , mostly because of his advocacy of rape and violence towards ( at many times ) women , gay people , white people , and Jews .

Baraka 's writings have generated controversy over the years , particularly his advocacy of rape and violence towards ( at various times ) women , gay people , white people , and Jews .


Amiri Baraka ( born October 7 , 1934 ) is an American writer . He writes poetry , drama , essays and music criticism .

Amiri Baraka ( born October 7 , 1934 ) , formerly known as LeRoi Jones , is an American writer of poetry , drama , fiction , essays , and music criticism .


Critics of his work have said such words are examples of racism , sexism , homophobia , and anti-Semitism in his work .

Critics of his work have alternately described such usage as ranging from being vernacular expressions of Black oppression to outright examples of racism , sexism , homophobia , and anti-Semitism that they perceive in his work .


Javier Navarro ( born 6 February 1974 ) is a former Spanish football player .

Francisco Javier `` Javi '' Vicente Navarro ( born 6 February 1974 in Valencia ) is a retired Spanish footballer .


The Pine Hawk-moth ( Sphinx pinastri ) is a moth of the family Sphingidae .

Sphinx pinastri , known as the Pine Hawk-moth , is a moth of the family Sphingidae .


Leonard James Callaghan , Baron Callaghan of Cardiff , KG , PC , ( 27 March 1912 â `` 26 March 2005 ) , was Labor Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1979 .

Leonard James Callaghan , Baron Callaghan of Cardiff , KG , PC ( 27 March 1912 â `` 26 March 2005 ) , was a British Labor politician , who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1979 and Leader of the Labor Party from 1976 to 1980 .


Izvoarele Sucevei is a commune found in Suceava County , Romania .

Izvoarele Sucevei is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania .


Montaudin is a commune of 914 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France .

Montaudin is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France .


A software component called an agent ( see below ) runs on each managed system and reports information via SNMP to the managing systems .

Each managed system executes , at all times , a software component called an agent which reports information via SNMP to the manager .


Simple Network Management Protocol ( SNMP ) is a part of the Internet Protocol Suite .

Simple Network Management Protocol ( SNMP ) is an `` Internet-standard protocol for managing devices on IP networks .


He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1985 for his work The Good War .

He received the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction in 1985 for The Good War , and is best remembered for his oral histories of common Americans , and for hosting a long-running radio show in Chicago .


Louis `` Studs '' Terkel ( May 16 , 1912 -- October 31 , 2008 ) was an American author , historian , actor , and broadcaster who lived in Chicago .

Louis `` Studs '' Terkel ( May 16 , 1912 â `` October 31 , 2008 ) was an American author , historian , actor , and broadcaster .


Nathaniel Dwayne Hale ( August 19 , 1969 â `` March 15 , 2011 ) was an American rapper who was better known by his stage name , Nate Dogg .

Nathaniel Dwayne Hale ( August 19 , 1969 - March 15 , 2011 ) , better known by his stage name Nate Dogg , was an American musician .


Today Lourdes has a population of around 15,000 inhabitants but is able to take in some 5,000,000 pilgrims and tourists every season .

Today Lourdes has a population of around 15,000 but is able to take in some 5,000,000 pilgrims and tourists every season .


At that time the most prominent feature was the fortified castle which rises up from the center of the town on a rock .

At that time , the most prominent feature of the town was the fortified castle that rises up from a rocky escarpment at its center .


Lourdes ( Occitan name Lorda ) is a town and commune in the southwest of the Hautes-Pyr Ã nÃ es department .

Lourdes Gascon Lorda or Lourde is a commune in the Hautes-Pyr Ã nÃ es department in the Midi-Pyr Ã nÃ es region in south-western France .


Following the claims that there were apparitions of Our Lady of Lourdes to Bernadette Soubirous in 1858 , Lourdes has developed into a major place of Christian pilgrimage .

Lourdes is a small market town lying in the foothills of the Pyrenees , famous for the Marian apparitions of Our Lady of Lourdes that are reported to have occurred in 1858 to Bernadette Soubirous .


Lourdes has the second greatest number of hotels in France after Paris with about 270 establishments .

With about 270 hotels , Lourdes has the second greatest number of hotels per square kilometre in France after Paris .


It is the joint seat of the diocese of Tarbes-et-Lourdes .

It is the joint seat of the Diocese of Tarbes-et-Lourdes and is the largest pilgrimage site in France , the second site being the Basilica of St. ThÃ rÃ se ( Lisieux ) , in Normandie .


It is overlooked from the south by the Pyrenean peaks of Aneto , Montaigu , and Vignemale ( 3,298 m ) , while around the town there are three summits reaching up to 1,000 m , which are known as the BÃ out , the Petit Jer and the Grand Jer .

It is overlooked from the south by the Pyrenean peaks of Aneto , Montaigu , and Vignemale ( 3,298 m ) , while around the town there are three summits reaching up to 1000 m which are known as the BÃ out , the Petit Jer ( with its three crosses ) and the Grand Jer ( with its single cross ) which overlook the town .


He studied theology at Coimbra . After this , he became professor in the university of Ã vora , Portugal .

Having at the age of eighteen become a member of the Society of Jesus , he studied theology at Coimbra , and afterward became professor in the university of Ã vora , Portugal .


From this post he was called , at the end of twenty years , to the chair of moral theology in Madrid .

From this post he was called , at the end of twenty years , to the chair of moral theology in Madrid , where he died .


Luis de Molina ( born 1535 in Cuenca ; died October 12 , 1600 in Madrid ) was a Spanish Jesuit and writer .

Luis de Molina ( September 1535 , Cuenca , Spain -- October 12 , 1600 , Madrid , Spain ) , was a Spanish Jesuit priest and a staunch defender of ` human liberty ' in the Divine grace and human liberty controversy of the Renaissance ( Molinism ) .


To promote suspense and lengthen games , the banker 's offer usually strays from the expected value dictated by probability theory , particularly early in the game .

To promote suspense and lengthen games , the banker 's offer is usually less than the expected value dictated by probability theory , particularly early in the game .


Since the range of possible values for cases is known at the start of each game , how much the banker offers at any given point changes based on what cases have been eliminated .

Since the range of possible values is known at the start of each game , how much the banker offers at any given point changes based on what values have been eliminated .


The Haast 's Eagle ( Harpagornis moorei ) was the largest eagle ever to have lived and is the only eagle in the world ever to have been top predator of its ecosystem . It lived on the South Island of New Zealand .

Haast 's Eagle ( Harpagornis moorei ) was a species of massive eagles that once lived on the South Island of New Zealand .


Alfred Tayler and his wife moved to Kermanshah , Iran . He started a job there as a clerk for the Imperial Bank of Persia .

Alfred Tayler and his wife moved to Kermanshah , Iran , in order to take up a job as a clerk for the Imperial Bank of Persia and it was here that Doris was born in 1919 .


Her father , Captain Alfred Tayler , was a patient because he had lost his leg in World War I. Her mother , Emily Maude Tayler ( maiden name McVeagh ) , was a nurse .

Lessing was born in Iran , then known as Persia , on 22 October 1919 , to Captain Alfred Tayler and Emily Maude Tayler ( nÃ e McVeagh ) , who were both English and of British nationality . Her father , who had lost a leg during his service in World War I , met his future wife , a nurse , at the Royal Free Hospital where he was recovering from his amputation .


Later , the family moved to the British colony of Southern Rhodesia ( now called Zimbabwe ) in 1925 to farm maize .

The family then moved to the British colony of Southern Rhodesia ( now Zimbabwe ) in 1925 to farm maize , when her father purchased around one thousand acres of bush .


Gillian Howard Welch ( born October 2 1967 in New York City ) is a United States singer-songwriter whose musical style combines bluegrass , country , and folk into a style she calls `` American Primitive '' .

Gillian Welch ( ; born October 2 , 1967 ) is an American singer-songwriter .


A nuclear deterrent is a phrase that means a country 's nuclear weapons arsenal .

A nuclear deterrent is the phrase used to refer to a country 's nuclear weapons , when considered in the context of deterrence theory .


Mike Epps ( born 18 November 1970 ) is an American actor in such movies as Next Friday and Friday After Next alongside Ice Cube and Open Season 2 and Open Season 3 .

Michael Eugene `` Mike '' Epps ( born November 18 , 1970 ) is an American stand-up comedian , actor , film producer , writer , singer , musician , and rapper , best known for playing Day-Day Jones in Next Friday and the sequel-to-the-sequel , Friday After Next , and also starring alongside Ice Cube in All About The Benjamins . He is known as the new voice of Boog in Open Season 2 and Open Season 3 .


Mike Epps ( born 18 November 1970 ) is an American actor in such movies as Next Friday and Friday After Next alongside Ice Cube and Open Season 2 and Open Season 3 . Epps ' trademark is a voice similar to Martin Lawrence .

Epps was born Michael Eugene Epps in Indianapolis , Indiana on November 18 , 1970 into a large family .


Nationwide Building Society is authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority for life assurance , pensions , investments , insurance and regulated mortgages .

Dunfermline Building Society is a trading division of Nationwide Building Society which is authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority under registration number 106078 . Credit facilities other than regulated mortgages are not regulated by the Financial Services Authority .


Dunfermline Building Society ( which includes Dunfermline Direct ) is a trading division of Nationwide Building Society .

The Dunfermline Building Society is a building society based in Dunfermline , Fife , Scotland .


The language is called by its speakers `` Adygebze '' or `` AdÉ gÄ bzÄ '' , and can also be spelled in English as Adygean , Adygeyan or Adygei .

The language is referred to by its speakers as Adygebze or AdÉ gÄ bzÄ , and alternatively spelled in English as Adygean , Adygeyan or Adygei .


The Adyghe language is one of the two main languages of the Republic of Adygea in the Russian Federation .

Adyghe language ( , adygabze , adÉ gÄ bzÄ ) , also known as West Circassian ( see : Circassian language ) , is one of the two official languages of the Republic of Adygea in the Russian Federation , the other being Russian .


However , sailing around the Horn is widely regarded as one of the major challenges in yachting , and a number of recreational sailors continue to sail this route , sometimes as part of a circumnavigation of the globe .

However , sailing around the Horn is widely regarded as one of the major challenges in yachting . Thus , a few recreational sailors continue to sail this route , sometimes as part of a circumnavigation of the globe , and almost all of these choosing routes through the channels to the north of the actual Cape ( though many take a detour through the islands and anchor to wait for fair weather to actually visit Horn Island or even sail around it to replicate a rounding of this historic point ) .


The Drake Passage is directly to the south of it .

It marks the north edge of the Drake Passage , the strait between South America and Antarctica .


The waters around the cape are very dangerous because of strong winds , large waves , and icebergs . These reasons have made it notorious as a sailors ' graveyard .

However , the waters around the Cape are particularly hazardous , owing to strong winds , large waves , strong currents and icebergs ; these dangers have made it notorious as a sailors ' graveyard .


It is the southernmost land area of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago of southern Chile . Many people see Cape Horn as the southern tip of South America .

Cape Horn is the southernmost point of land associated with South America ; it is located at , on Isla Hornos in the Hermite Islands group , at the southern end of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago .


The Drake Passage is directly to the south of it . For many years , it was a major milestone on the clipper route by which sailing ships carried trade around the world .

Although not the most southerly point of South America , ( which are the Diego RamÃ rez Islands ) Cape Horn marks the northern boundary of the Drake Passage ; for many years it was a major milestone on the clipper route , by which sailing ships carried trade around the world .


Today , the Panama Canal has greatly reduced the need for cargo ships to travel via the Horn .

The need for ships to round the Cape Horn was greatly reduced by the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914 .


Cape Horn ( Dutch : Kaap Hoorn ; Spanish : Cabo de Hornos ; named for the city of Hoorn in the Netherlands ) is a cape .

Cape Horn was originally given the Dutch name `` Kaap Hoorn '' , in honor of the Dutch city of Hoorn ; in a typical example of false friends , the Hoorn became known in English as `` Cape Horn '' , and in Spanish as `` Cabo de Hornos '' ( which literally means `` Cape of Ovens '' ) .


Several prominent ocean yacht races , notably the VendÃ e Globe , sail around the world via the Horn , and speed records for round-the-world sailing follow the same route .

Several prominent ocean yacht races , notably the Volvo Ocean Race , the VELUX 5 Oceans and the VendÃ e Globe , sail around the world via the Horn , and speed records for round-the-world sailing are recognized for following this route .


Cape Horn ( Dutch : Kaap Hoorn ; Spanish : Cabo de Hornos ; named for the city of Hoorn in the Netherlands ) is a cape . It is the southernmost land area of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago of southern Chile .

Cape Horn ( Dutch : , ; named after the city of Hoorn in the Netherlands ) is the southernmost headland of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago of southern Chile , and is located in the small Hornos Island .


Konkani people from Kerala use Malayalam script . Devanagari is the official script .

The use of Devanagari for Konkani , which is now its official script , was first made in 1678 .


It is the official language of Goa , a state in India .

It is the official language of the Indian state of Goa , a minority language in Karnataka and Kerala and is also one of the official languages of India .


; Konkani Language and Cultural Foundation The Konkani Language and Cultural Foundation came in to being immediately after the World Konkani Convention in 1995 .


Konkani belongs to Indo-Aryan family of languages .

Though it belongs to Indo-Aryan group , Konkani was influenced by Kannada , a member of Dravidian family .


The people who speak Konkani language are called as Konkani people or Konkanis .

Other Konkani communities came into being with their own dialects of Konkani .


Konkani people from Karnataka use Kannada script . People in Goa use Roman script .

The critics contend that Antruz dialect is unintelligible to most Goans , let alone other Konkanis , and that Devanagari is used very little as compared to Roman script in Goa or Kannada script in coastal Karnataka Prominent among the critics are Konkani Catholics in Goa , who have been at the forefront of the Konkani agitation in 1986 â `` 87 and have for long used the Roman script including producing literature in Roman script .


Konkani Muslims around Bhatkal taluka of Karnataka use Arabic script to write Konkani .


Konkani people from Kerala use Malayalam script .

The Malayalam script was used by the Konkani community in Kerala , but now there is a move to use the Devanagari script .


They are demanding that Roman script be given equal status to Devanagari .


Konkani people from Karnataka use Kannada script .

The Karnataka Christians use the Kannada script .


Some American cities have many Starbucks stores . Starbucks is known for growing its number of stores fairly quickly , often to a point where there are two Starbucks within a few blocks of each other .

In October 2006 , Apple added a Starbucks Entertainment area to the iTunes Store , selling music similar to that played in Starbucks stores .


Some American cities have many Starbucks stores .

In 2009 , at least three stores in Seattle were debranded to remove the logo and brand name , and remodel the stores as local coffee houses `` inspired by Starbucks . '' CEO Howard Schultz says the unbranded stores are a `` laboratory for Starbucks '' .


Her parents , Peter and Kar Wai Li Leung , are Chinese immigrants .

Leung was born in Motherwell , Lanarkshire to Peter , who was a businessman , and Kar Wai Li Leung , who works in a law firm . Her parents are now divorced .


Katie Liu Leung is a Scottish actress , who is most famous for her roles as Cho Chang in the Harry Potter series . She was born on August 8 , 1987 , in Motherwell , Scotland .

Katie Liu Leung ( born 8 August 1987 ) is a Scottish actress , best known for playing Cho Chang in the Harry Potter film series .


Montenegro national football team is the national football team of Montenegro .

The Montenegro national football team represents Montenegro in association football and is controlled by the Football Association of Montenegro , the governing body for football in Montenegro .


One supporter was the novelist Harriet Martineau whose circle of acquaintances included Charles Darwin . The ideas of Malthus were a significant influence on the inception of Darwin 's theory .

By that time the ideas were widespread in progressive social circles , one proponent being the novelist Harriet Martineau whose circle of acquaintances included Charles Darwin , and the ideas of Malthus were a significant influence on the inception of Darwin 's theory .


One of the earliest critics of Malthusian theory was Karl Marx who referred ( in `` Capital '' , see Marx 's footnote on Malthus from Capital - a reference below ) to it as `` nothing more than a schoolboyish , superficial plagiary of De Foe , Sir James Steuart , Townsend , Franklin , Wallace '' and others , postulating that progress in science and technology would allow for indefinite exponential population growth .

One of the earliest critics of Malthusian theory was Karl Marx who referred ( in Capital , see Marx 's footnote on Malthus from Capital - a reference below ) to it as `` nothing more than a schoolboyish , superficial plagiary of De Foe , Sir James Steuart , Townsend , Franklin , Wallace '' .


The theory was developed into Whig economic ideas such as The Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 . Its opponents described the act as `` a Malthusian bill designed to force the poor to emigrate , to work for lower wages , to live on a coarser sort of food '' .

It drew from this the inference that ideas of charity to the poor typified by Tory paternalism were futile as it would only result in increased numbers of the poor , and was developed into Whig economic ideas exemplified by The Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 , described by opponents as `` a Malthusian bill designed to force the poor to emigrate , to work for lower wages , to live on a coarser sort of food '' , which brought the construction of workhouses despite riots and arson .


Chatsworth is a city of Iowa in the United States .

Chatsworth is a city in Sioux County , Iowa , United States .


The Sichuan lantern drama is popular in Sichuan .

See also : Allegations of corruption in the construction of Chinese schools , Collapse of schools in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake During the 2008 Sichuan earthquake , a disproportionately high number of school structures collapsed , especially in rural areas of Sichuan , leading to allegations of corruption and promises by the government for an official inquiry . However , it remains unclear whether the allegedly shoddy construction was unique to Sichuan , as opposed to a nation-wide practice that only became visible in Sichuan due to the earthquake .


The Li Bai Memorial ( located at his birthplace , Zhongba Town of northern Jiangyou County ) is a museum in memory of the Chinese poet of the Tang Dynasty , Li Bai .

The Li Bai Memorial , located at Zhongba Town of northern Jiangyou County in Sichuan Province , is a museum in memory of Li Bai , a Chinese poet in the Tang Dynasty ( 618-907 ) , at the place where he grew up .


It was prepared in 1962 on the occasion of 1,200 th anniversary of his death , completed in 1981 and opened to the public in October of 1982 .

It was prepared in 1962 on the occasion of 1,200 th anniversary of his death , completed in 1981 and opened to the public in October 1982 .


The name å å SÃ ChuÄ n , is an abbreviation of å å è SÃ ChuÄ n LÃ ( translated as `` Four circuits ( subdivisions ) of rivers '' ) , which is itself shortened from å å å è ChuÄ n XiÃ SÃ LÃ ( translated as `` Four circuits of rivers and gorges '' ) .

The current name of the province , '' å å '' , is an abbreviation of '' å å è '' ( SÃ ChuÄ nlÃ ) , or `` Four circuits of rivers '' , which is itself abbreviated from '' å å å è '' ( ChuÄ nxiÃ SÃ lÃ ) , or `` Four circuits of rivers and gorges '' , named after the division of the existing circuit into four during the Northern Song Dynasty .


Sichuan opera is an ancient tradition that very is well-known . The Sichuan lantern drama is popular in Sichuan .

The Governor of Sichuan is the highest ranking official in the People 's Government of Sichuan .


Champ-sur-Barse is a commune of the Aube dÃ partement in the north-central part of France .

Champ-sur-Barse is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France .


Mount Pulaski is a city of Illinois in the United States .

Mount Pulaski is a city in Logan County , Illinois , United States .


Jack DeSena ( born John Patrick DeSena ; 6 December 1987 , in Boston , Massachusetts ) is an American screen and voice actor .

Jack DeSena ( born John Patrick DeSena ; December 6 , 1987 , in Boston , Massachusetts ) is an American screen and voice actor .


Pohnpei is one of the four states in the Federated States of Micronesia ( FSM ) . It is part of the Senyavin Islands group .

Pohnpei `` upon ( pohn ) a stone altar ( pei ) '' ( formerly known as Ponape ) is the name of one of the four states in the Federated States of Micronesia ( FSM ) , situated among the Senyavin Islands which are part of the larger Caroline Islands group .


Pohnpei is one of the four states in the Federated States of Micronesia ( FSM ) .

Pohnpei is , however , not a nation - it is but one of four states in the FSM . A Pohnpei football team is currently active and moves are underway to re-create a national Federated States of Micronesia team .


Palikir , the FSM 's capital , is located on Pohnpei Island .


East India Company was a joint-stock company .

The East India Company ( also known as the East India Trading Company , English East India Company , and , after the Treaty of Union , the British East India Company ) was an early English joint-stock company that was formed initially for pursuing trade with the East Indies , but that ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent and China .


It is known as the `` granddaddy of them all '' because it has been played every year since 1916 .

The Rose Bowl is nicknamed `` The Granddaddy of Them All '' because it is the oldest bowl game . It was first played in 1902 , and continuously since 1916 .


The Rose Bowl Game is a American college football bowl game at the Rose Bowl ( stadium ) in Pasadena , California .

The Rose Bowl ( or the Rose Bowl Game presented by Vizio for sponsorship purposes ) is an annual American college football bowl game , usually played on January 1 ( New Year 's Day ) at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena , California .


It is necessary to commission ( hire ) market research ( generally desk\/secondary research , although sometimes primary research ) to estimate the total market size and a company 's market share .

It is generally necessary to commission market research ( generally desk\/secondary research ) to determine . Sometimes , though , one can use primary research to estimate the total market size and a company 's market share .


The main advantage of using market share is that it removes the effects of industry-wide macroenvironmental variables such as the state of the economy , or changes in tax policy .

The main advantage of using market share as a measure of business performance is that it is less dependent upon macroenvironmental variables such as the state of the economy or changes in tax policy .


Increasing market share is one of the most important objectives in business .

Increasing market share is one of the most important objectives of business .


Engis is a municipality located in the Belgian province of LiÃ ge .

Engis is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of LiÃ ge .


The 1994 FIFA World Cup was a football ( soccer ) sporting event that was held in USA from June 17 1994 to July 17 1994 .

The 1994 FIFA World Cup , the 15th staging of the FIFA World Cup , was held in nine cities across the United States from June 17 to July 17 , 1994 .


Incest between consenting adults is is very rare .

Proponents of incest between consenting adults draw clear boundaries between the behavior of consenting adults and rape , child molestation , and abusive incest .


Most societies have some form of incest avoidance .

Most societies have prohibitions against incest .


Consensual incest between adults is a crime in most countries , although it is seen by some as a victimless crime .

Consensual adult incest is equally a crime in most countries , although it is seen by some as a victimless crime , and thus it is rarely reported .


Incest between adults and children is a form of child sexual abuse . This form has been shown to cause one of the worst forms of childhood trauma , a trauma that often causes serious and long-term psychological damage , especially in the case of parental incest .

Incest between adults and those under the age of majority or age of consent is considered a form of child sexual abuse that has been shown to be one of the most extreme forms of childhood abuse , often resulting in serious and long-term psychological trauma , especially in the case of parental incest .


The type of incest most often reported is father-daughter incest .

Father-daughter incest was for many years the most commonly reported and studied form of incest .


It is difficult to say how frequent incest is , but researchers have estimated that between 10 % and 15 % of people have at least one incest experience . Less than 2 % of these involve intercourse or attempted intercourse .

Prevalence is difficult to generalize , but research has estimated 10 â `` 15 % of the general population as having at least one such sexual contact , with less than 2 % involving intercourse or attempted intercourse .


The carbohydrate products of the Calvin cycle are three-carbon sugar phosphate molecules , or ` triose phosphates ' ( G3P ) .

The carbohydrate products of the Calvin cycle are three-carbon sugar phosphate molecules , or `` triose phosphates , '' namely , glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ( G3P ) .


The Calvin cycle ( also known as the Calvinâ `` Benson cycle ) are chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis .

The Calvin cycle or Calvinâ `` Benson cycle or reductive pentose phosphate cycle is a series of biochemical redox reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms .


There are many types of coronal consonants , for example dental consonants and alveolar consonants .

Coronal places of articulation include the dental consonants at the upper teeth , the alveolar consonants at the upper gum ( the alveolar ridge ) , the various postalveolar consonants ( domed palato-alveolar , laminal alveolo-palatal , and apical retroflex ) just behind that , the true retroflex consonants curled back against the hard palate , and linguolabial consonants with the tongue against the upper lip .


Coronal consonants are made with the front part of the tongue .

Coronal consonants are consonants articulated with the flexible front part of the tongue .


It is in charge of all of the oil and gas resources in Malaysia .

Wholly owned by the Government , the corporation is vested with the entire oil and gas resources in Malaysia and is entrusted with the responsibility of developing and adding value to these resources .


Petronas is a Malaysian-owned oil and gas company that was founded on August 17 , 1974 .

Petronas , short for Petroliam Nasional Berhad , is a Malaysian-owned oil and gas company that was founded on August 17 , 1974 .


In history , the tÃ naiste was the heir of the chief ( taoiseach ) or king ( rÃ ) .

TÃ naiste was originally the Irish word for the heir of the chief ( taoiseach ) or king ( rÃ ) , under the Gaelic system of tanistry .


The Taoiseach nominates a member of Government to be TÃ naiste .

The Taoiseach ( prime minister ) nominates a member of the government to the position of TÃ naiste .


Princess Augusta Sophia ( 8 November 1768 â `` 22 September 1840 ) was second oldest daughter of George III and Queen Charlotte .

The Princess Augusta Sophia ( 8 November 1768 â `` 22 September 1840 ) was a member of the British Royal Family , second daughter of George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz .


When asked why she did not marry him , she said : `` There have been several Duchesses of Westminster .

The reason may be found in her answer , when asked why she did not marry the Duke of Westminster : `` There have been several Duchesses of Westminster .


She was the only fashion designer to be named on TIME Magazine 's 100 most influential people of the 20th century .

Her extraordinary influence on fashion was such that she was the only person in the couturier field to be named on Time 100 : The Most Important People of the Century .


She was a founder of the House of Chanel .

She was the founder of one of the most famous fashion brands , Chanel .


Gabrielle Bonheur `` Coco '' Chanel ( 19 August 1883 â `` 10 January 1971 ) was French fashion designer .

Gabrielle Bonheur `` Coco '' Chanel ( 19 August 1883 â `` 10 January 1971 ) was a pioneering French fashion designer whose modernist philosophy , menswear-inspired fashions , and pursuit of expensive simplicity made her an important figure in 20th-century fashion .


It is found in Djibouti , Indonesia , Pakistan , Kenya , Maldives , Mozambique , Oman , Saudi Arabia , Seychelles , Somalia , the United States , and Yemen .

It is found in Djibouti , Indonesia , Pakistan , Kenya , Maldives , Mozambique , Oman , Saudi Arabia , Seychelles , Somalia , and Yemen .


In aviation , the undercarriage or landing gear is the structure ( usually wheels ) that supports an aircraft and allows it to move across the surface of the Earth when it is not flying .

The undercarriage or landing gear in aviation , is the structure that supports an aircraft on the ground and allows it to taxi , takeoff and land .


The Master of the Mississippi is the second chapter of the life and times of Scrooge McDuck 's .

The Master of the Mississippi is a Scrooge McDuck comic by Don Rosa . It is the second of the original 12 chapters in the series The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck .


HÃ ron is a municipality located in the Belgian province of LiÃ ge .

HÃ ron is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of LiÃ ge .


For wikilinks that already had quotation marks , then replace all double-quote patterns ( '' '' ) with a single quotation mark .

For any wikilinks which already had quotation marks , then replace all double-quote patterns ( '' '' ) with a single quotation mark .


Most of the tips involve using typical browser settings , or use of standard text-editors .

Most of the tips involve using typical browser settings , or use of standard text-editors , such as for side-by-side editing .


In fact , hypertext interfaces existed in the 1960s , but numerous complications have thwarted advances , such as possibly supporting search-engine `` multi-word '' scanning of any document in viewing or text-editing .

In fact , hypertext interfaces existed in the 1960s , but numerous complications have thwarted new advances , such as new support for search-engine-style `` multi-word '' scanning of any document when viewing or text-editing .


For example , 2 edit-commands could be used to add quotation marks around wikilinks ( hyperlinks ) :

For example , 2 edit-commands could be used to add quotation marks around wikilinks :


This essay , Wikipedia : Advanced article editing describes some techniques to improve editing ( changing the text ) of Wikipedia articles .

This essay , Wikipedia : Advanced article editing describes some techniques to improve editing of Wikipedia articles .


By the time various text-issues are noticed , the user often forgets where they occurred within the edit-buffer , far away .

By the time various text-issues are noticed , the user often forgets where those occurred within the edit-buffer , far below .


However , due to the complexity of simulating a formatted-page in a scrolling region , it would probably be many years ( over 5 = 2014 + ) before such , side-by-side , editing could be implemented in a single browser page .

However , due to the complexity of simulating a formatted-page in a scrolling region , it would probably be many years ( over 5 = 2016 + ) before such , side-by-side , editing could be implemented in a single browser page .


For several years , there has been a free text-editor , called `` Notetab '' , that allows using highly complex regular expressions to find , replace or swap multiple text-patterns on each line of a page .

For several years , there has been a free text-editor , called `` NoteTab '' , which allows using highly complex regular expressions to find , replace or swap multiple text-patterns on each line of a page .


The Wikipedia article-edit window is not designed for side-by-side editing : instead , the formatted preview-article is usually on the top-half the page and the edit-buffer is typically far below ( near page bottom ) .

The Wikipedia article-edit window is not designed for side-by-side editing , due to the formatted preview-article usually being on the top-half the page , while the edit-buffer is typically far below ( near page bottom ) .


However , when using 2 windows for side-by-side editing , the text ( or image ) is noticed in one window and located\/changed in the other window , thereby allowing numerous , precise changes to be made 2x to 10x times ( or more ) faster , without forgetting the tedious details .

However , when using 2 browser windows for side-by-side editing , the text ( or image ) is noticed in one window and located\/changed in the other window , thereby allowing numerous , precise changes to be made 2x to 10x times ( or more ) faster , without forgetting the tedious details .


Even a simple text-editor , such as Microsoft Notepad , can be used to handle some complex changes , by using multiple find-and-replace text string-substitutions .

Even a simple text-editor , such as Microsoft Notepad , can be used to handle some complex changes , by using multiple text string-substitutions .


It is located in the region Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France .

Buisson is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur region in southeastern France .


Entraigues-sur-la-Sorgue is a commune of 6,612 people ( 1999 ) . It is located in the region Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France .

Entraigues-sur-la-Sorgue is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur region in southeastern France .


A drum kit ( or drum set or trap set ) is a collection of drums , cymbals , and other percussion instruments that is used by a drummer in a musical group .

A drum kit ( also drum set , or trap set ) is a collection of drums , cymbals and often other percussion instruments , such as cowbells , wood blocks , triangles , darbukas , chimes , or tambourines , arranged for convenient playing by a single person ( drummer ) .


Listrac-de-Dur Ã ze is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France .

Listrac-de-Dur Ã ze is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .


Bermicourt is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

Bermicourt is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


Minagawa became Japan 's oldest person in 2005 , following the death of 114-year-old Ura Koyama .

Minagawa became the oldest living person in Japan when then 114-year-old Ura Koyama died in April 2005 .


Yone Minagawa ( January 4 , 1893 -- August 13 , 2007 ) was a Japanese supercentenarian and the world 's oldest living person between January 29 , 2007 , and Minagawa 's death at age 114 years 221 days .

Yone Minagawa ( 4 January 1893 â `` 13 August 2007 ) was a Japanese supercentenarian believed to have been the world 's oldest living person from 29 January 2007 until her death of old age , aged 114 years 221 days .


Following her death , then 114-year-old Edna Parker became the new world 's oldest living person .

With her death , another 114-year-old , Edna Parker of the United States , became the oldest living person .


She was 114 years 25 days old at the time .

Minagawa was 114 years 25 days at the time ( being the next day in Japan relative to the USA ) .


With the death of 114-year-old Emma Tillman on January 29 , 2007 , Minagawa became the world 's oldest living person .

With the death of 114-year-old American Emma Tillman on 28 January 2007 , Minagawa became the oldest living person in the world .


Fulvio Collovati ( born 9 May , 1957 ) is a former Italian football player .

Fulvio Collovati ( born May 9 , 1957 ) is an Italian former footballer , who played defense .


Jack William Nicklaus ( born January 21 , 1940 in Columbus , Ohio ) is a American golfer who is known for winning the most victories in major championships with 18 wins .

Jack William Nicklaus ( born January 21 , 1940 ) , also known as `` The Golden Bear '' , is an American professional golfer .


A piping and instrument diagram ( P&ID ) is a simplified representation of a process including the required funcional equipment and instrumentation to make the process work .

A piping and instrumentation diagram\/drawing ( P&ID ) is a diagram in the process industry which shows the piping of the process flow together with the installed equipment and instrumentation .


Blue Triangle is a bus company based in Rainham , London . They merged with Go-Ahead London in 2008 .

Blue Triangle is one of many operators of London Buses , it is based in Rainham and is part of Go-Ahead London .


They merged with Go-Ahead London in 2008 .

In August 2008 a new trading name for Go-Ahead 's London operations was created : Go-Ahead London .


Mogadishu is a commercial and financial center for Somalia .

Mogadishu traditionally served as a commercial and financial center .


In 1892 , Ali bin Said let Italy use the city .

In 1892 , Ali bin Said leased the city to Italy .


Somalia became independent in 1960 with Mogadishu as its capital .

Mogadishu remained the capital of Italian Somaliland throughout the existence of the latter , and became the capital of independent Somalia in 1960 .


Italy bought the city in 1905 . They made Mogadiscio ( Italian for Mogadishu ) the capital of Italian Somaliland .

Italy purchased the city in 1905 and made Mogadishu the capital of the newly-established Italian Somaliland .


The economy got better after the Somali Civil War but there are still problems .

The economy has recovered somewhat from the civil unrest although the Somali Civil War still presents many problems .


Businesses have hired armed militias to have security .

Hotels and other businesses have hired private security militias to provide protection and ensure the normal course of business .


Mogadishu has the most port traffic of any port in Somalia . It is still a major seaport .

Mogadishu leads Somalia in port traffic and still serves as a major seaport .


However , there is much piracy around Somalia 's coastal areas . This makes trade risky .

However , piracy is widespread around Somalia 's coastal areas , making sea transport risky .


Rebel forces entered and took the city in 1990 . They forced President Mohamed Siad Barre to resign and leave the country in January 1991 .

Rebel forces entered and took the city in 1990 , forcing the then President of Somalia , Mohamed Siad Barre , to flee in 1991 to Kenya .


A group of United States Marines landed near Mogadishu on December 9 , 1992 . They were the first part of the United Nations peacekeeping forces during Operation Restore Hope to go to the country .

A contingent of United States Marines landed near Mogadishu on December 9 , 1992 to spearhead the United Nations peacekeeping forces during Operation Restore Hope , in which Pakistan , Italy and Malaysia also participated .


The main market many different types of goods from food to electronic items .

The main market offers goods from food to electronic gadgets .


Some of the rebels said that Ali Mahdi Muhammad was the new president . Others said that Mohamed Farrah Aidid was president .

One faction proclaimed Ali Mahdi Muhammad president , another Mohamed Farrah Aidid .


Riverdale is a city of Iowa in the United States .

Riverdale is a city in Scott County , Iowa , United States .


1972 ( MCMLXXII ) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar . .

Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII ) was a leap year starting on Saturday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Gregorian calendar .


The fourth and fifth numbers show people the number of the urban area ( in a city without districts ) or the district ( in a city with districts ) .

The fourth and fifth digits designate the number of the urban area ( in a district-free city ) or the district ( in a city with districts ) .


The Swiss Federal Office for Statistics makes code numbers with up to four digits , which are given in the order chosen with the official order of the cantons , districts , and municipalities in Switzerland .

The Swiss Federal Office for Statistics generates code numbers with up to four digits , which are sequentially assigned in accordance with the official order of the cantons , districts , and municipalities .


The municipality key has eight digits , which are set like this : The first two numbers tell people what the German state is .

The municipality key consists of eight digits , which are generated as follows : The first two numbers designate the individual German state .


In Germany the Official Municipality Key has statistical goals and is given by the statistics offices of individual German states .

In Germany the Official Municipality Key serves statistical purposes and is issued by the statistics offices of individual German states .


In Austria the municipality key has five digits which are chosen like this : The first number shows the number of the Austrian state , the second and third numbers show the district , and the fourth and fifth numbers show the municipality .

The municipality key consists of five digits in Austria , which are generated as follows : The first digit designates the number of the Austrian state , the second and third digits designate the district , and the fourth and fifth digits designate the municipality .


The third number say the government district ( in areas without government districts a zero is used instead ) .

The third digit designates the government district ( in areas without government districts a zero is used instead ) .


The Official Municipality Key , which used to be called the Official Municipality Characteristic Number or Municipality Code Number , is a group of numbers used to tell the difference between different municipalities and areas .

The Official Municipality Key , formerly also known as the Official Municipality Characteristic Number or Municipality Code Number , is a number sequence for the identification of politically independent municipalities or unincorporated areas .


The sixth , seventh , and eighth numbers show the municipality or the number of the municipality-free area .

The sixth , seventh , and eighth digits indicate the municipality or the number of the unincorporated area .


Recques-sur-Hem is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

Recques-sur-Hem is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


Shelton is a city of Connecticut in the United States .

Shelton is a city in Fairfield County , Connecticut , United States .


The Islamic calendar ( Arabic : Ø Ù Ø Ù Ù Ù Ù

The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar or Hijri calendar ( ; at-taqw Ä `` m al-hijr Ä `` ; Persian : Ø Ù Ù Û Ù


Islamic years are often called hijra years , because the first year of the calendar when the hijra occurred , that is when Muhammad went from Mecca to Medina .

The first year was the year during which the emigration of the Islamic prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina , known as the Hijra , occurred .


Afelia is made from pork , red wine , mushrooms , potatoes and coriander seed .

It is pork marinated and cooked in red wine with coarsely crushed coriander seed . Afelia is usually served with pourgouri pilafi and yogurt .


John Milton Cage , Jr. usually known as just John Cage , ( born September 5 , 1912 , died August 12 , 1992 ) was a composer of Scottish ancestry .

John Milton Cage Jr. ( September 5 , 1912 â `` August 12 , 1992 ) was an American composer , philosopher , poet , music theorist , artist , printmaker , and amateur mycologist and mushroom collector .


Whitney Adela Sloan ( born August 21 , 1988 ) is an English actress . She is from London , England .

Whitney Adela Sloan ( August 21 , 1988 , London , England , UK ) is a British-born actress best known for playing her role as `` Hollywood Henderson '' in the Disney Channel Original Movie Go Figure .


A History of Violence is the sixth studio album by American hip hop group , Jedi Mind Tricks . It was released on November 11 , 2008 .

A History of Violence is the sixth album by Philadelphia hip hop group Jedi Mind Tricks , released on November 11 , 2008 on Babygrande Records .


The first single off the album is Monolith .

The album 's first single `` Monolith '' was released on October 2 , 2008 and is available free at Babygrande 's official website .


Its two houses are a lower house the Legislative Assembly , and an upper house , the Legislative Council . The Legislative Assembly is has 88 members , and the Legislative Council has 40 members .

It follows a Westminster-derived parliamentary system and consists of the Queen , represented by the Governor of Victoria ; the Legislative Council ; and the Legislative Assembly .


The Parliament of Victoria is a bicameral legislature that makes the laws for the state of Victoria , Australia .

The Parliament of Victoria is the bicameral legislature of the Australian state of Victoria .


The parliament meets at Parliament House in Spring Street , Melbourne . This building was also the home of the Parliament of Australia from 1901 to 1927 .

Parliament has sat at Parliament House , Melbourne since that time , with the exception of the period 1901 â `` 1927 .


Catlettsburg is a city of Kentucky in the United States .

The two most significant landmarks in Catlettsburg are the flood wall and the Catlettsburg Refinery .


Thueyts is a commune in the ArdÃ che dÃ partement in southern France .

Thueyts is a commune in the ArdÃ che department in southern France .


In 1956 he won the title again by beating Carmen Basilio , but lost the title in a rematch with Basilio later in the year .

In 1956 he won the title again with an upset win over Carmen Basilio , but lost the title in a rematch with Basilio later in the year .


Johnny Saxton ( born July 4 , 1930 in Newark , NJ ) was an American boxer who won the welterweight championship .

Johnny Saxton ( July 4 , 1930 - October 4 , 2008 ) was an American professional boxer in the welterweight ( 147lb ) division .


The Union Army was the name of the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War .

The Union Army was the land force that fought for the Union during the American Civil War .


Of the 2.5 million men who served in the Union Army during the war , about 9.5 % were African American , about 360,000 died from being hurt in battle , disease , and 280,000 were wounded .

About 360,000 died from all causes ; some 280,000 were wounded .


The Union Army fought and defeated the Confederate States Army during the war , from 1861 to 1865 .

The Union Army fought and eventually defeated the smaller Confederate States Army during the war which lasted from 1861 to 1865 .


It consisted of the small United States Army ( the regular army ) , increased by many numbers of units supplied by the Northern states , composed of volunteers as well as draftees .

It consisted of the small United States Army ( the regular army ) , augmented by massive numbers of units supplied by the Northern states , composed of volunteers as well as conscripts .


It was also known as the Federal Army , the U.S. Army , the Northern Army , or the National Army .

It was also known as the Federal Army , the U.S. Army , the Northern Army and the National Army .


Sallaumines is a commune of northern France .


Helsinki is the capital city of Finland . Helsinki is the largest city in Finland .

Helsinki is Finland 's major political , educational , financial , cultural and research center .


Helsinki is the capital city of Finland .

Helsinki is the capital and largest city in Finland .


Some famous islands include Seurasaari , Lauttasaari and Korkeasaari - which is also the country 's biggest zoo - as well as the fortress island of Suomenlinna ( Sveaborg ) .

Major islands in Helsinki include Seurasaari , Lauttasaari and Korkeasaari -- the latter being the site of the country 's biggest zoo . Other significant islands are the fortress island of Suomenlinna ( Sveaborg ) and the military island of Santahamina .


Helsinki is the largest city in Finland .

Helsinki has Finland 's largest fairgrounds .


Vaux-sur-Aure is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

Vaux-sur-Aure is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


The final version of the GNU General Public License version 3 , as released by the Free Software Foundation , has a provision that ` strips ' DRM of its legal value , so people can break the DRM on GPL software without breaking laws like the DMCA . Also , in May 2006 , the FSF launched a `` Defective by Design '' campaign against DRM .


In January 2007 , EMI stopped publishing audio CDs with DRM , stating that `` the costs of DRM do not measure up to the results . '' Following EMI , Sony BMG was the last publisher to abolish DRM completely , and audio CDs containing DRM are no longer released by the four record labels .


The Bouvier des Flandres is a breed of dog that originated in Flanders .

The Bouvier des Flandres is a herding dog breed originating in Flanders .


Their name means Cow Herder of Flanders in English .

The French name of the breed means , literally , `` Cow Herder of Flanders '' , referring to the Flemish origin of the breed .


They are now known to be guard dogs , police dogs and pets but were originally known for cattle droving , sheep herding , and cart pulling .

They were originally used for general farm work including cattle droving , sheep herding , and cart pulling , and nowadays as guard dogs and police dogs , as well as being kept as pets .


Davis City is a city of Iowa in the United States .

Davis City is a city in Decatur County , Iowa , United States .


Fort Lauderdale â `` Hollywood International Airport ( airport code KFLL ) is a major airport serving the city of Fort Lauderdale , Florida .

Fort Lauderdale â `` Hollywood International Airport is an international commercial airport located in unincorporated Broward County , Florida , three miles ( 5 km ) southwest of the central business district of Fort Lauderdale .


Frank Rost ( born 30 June 1973 ) is a German football player .

Frank Rost ( born 30 June 1973 in Karl-Marx-Stadt ) is a German footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Hamburger SV .


They are used where the road system is not good , or where there are no roads .

They are used where the road system is insufficient , or where roads do not exist at all .


A bush airplane is an aircraft serving far away areas of a country , usually the African bush , Alaskan and Canadian tundra or the Australian Outback .

A bush airplane is a general aviation aircraft serving remote , undeveloped areas of a country , usually the African bush , Alaskan and Canadian tundra or the Australian Outback .


The South American Classification Committee ( SACC ) is a committee under the AOU . It deals with creating a standard classification , with English names .

The South American Classification Committee ( SACC ) , an official committee under the AOU , specifically deals with creating a standard classification , with English names , for the bird species of South America .


The American Ornithologists ' Union ( AOU ) is an ornithological organization . It is found in the USA .

The American Ornithologists ' Union ( AOU ) is an ornithological organization in the USA .


Some of its other big publications are the AOU Checklist of North American Birds and a series , Ornithological Monographs . The AOU Checklist of North American Birds is the standard reference for the field .

Other significant publications include the AOU Checklist of North American Birds , which is the standard reference work for the field , and a monograph series , Ornithological Monographs .


Its members are mainly professional ornithologists . It is similar to the National Audubon Society , except its members are mainly amateur birders .

Unlike the National Audubon Society , its members are primarily professional ornithologists rather than amateur birders .


It has been published since January , 1884 .

Its quarterly journal , The Auk , has been published since January , 1884 .


Hotspots are thought to be caused by a narrow stream of hot mantle convecting up from the Earth 's core -- mantle boundary called a mantle plume , although some geologists prefer upper-mantle convection as a cause .

It was later postulated that `` hotspots '' are fed by narrow streams of hot mantle rising from the Earth 's core-mantle boundary in a structure called a mantle plume . Whether or not such mantle plumes exist is currently the subject of a major controversy in Earth science .


J. Tuzo Wilson suggested in 1963 that volcanic chains like the Hawaiian Islands result from the slow movement of a tectonic plate across a fixed hot spot deep beneath the surface of the planet .

The origins of the concept of `` hotspots '' lie in the work of J. Tuzo Wilson , who postulated in 1963 that the Hawaiian Islands result from the slow movement of a tectonic plate across a hot region beneath the surface .


The Windward Islands are the southern islands of the Lesser Antilles .

The Windward Islands are the southern islands of the Lesser Antilles , within the West Indies .


Werner Naumann ( 16 June 1909 - 25 October 1982 ) was a German State Secretary in the Propaganda Ministry during the Third Reich .

Werner Naumann ( 16 June 1909 -- 25 October 1982 ) was a State Secretary in Joseph Goebbels ' Propagandaministerium during the Third Reich .


He was appointed head of the Propaganda Ministry by Hitler in his political testament . This was because Dr. Goebbels was promoted to be the Chancellor of Germany .

He was appointed head of the Propaganda Ministry by Nazi FÃ 1\/4 hrer Adolf Hitler in his political testament after Dr. Goebbels was promoted to Reichskanzler .


Left 4 Dead is a first-person shooter video game made by Valve Corporation for Windows and the Xbox 360 .

On November 11 , the Left 4 Dead demo was made available to all Windows and Xbox 360 gamers worldwide . The Left 4 Dead demo was removed from the Xbox 360 Marketplace and Valve 's own Steam after the game 's release on November 18 , 2008 , however it is still available for those that played it .


The southern coast , which opens onto the Golfo de Guacanayabo , is marshy and characterised by mangroves .

The southern coast , which opens onto the Gulf of Guacanayabo , is marshy and characterised by mangroves .


The Las Tunas province was established in 1978 , when it was split from the Oriente region .

The Las Tunas province was established in 1976 , when it was split from the ` Oriente region .


Cattle are also grazed in the province , which was , until the 1975 , part of the Oriente province that was divided into five smaller provinces by the Cuban government .

Cattle are also grazed in the province , which was , until 1975 , part of the Oriente province that was divided into five smaller provinces by the Cuban government .


This wet area is used to grow sugarcane in , as the wet climate is well suited for the crop .

This wet area is used to grow sugarcane , as the wet climate is well suited for the crop .


VÃ cents rtop is a commune found in Dolj County , Romania .

VÃ cents rtop is a commune in Dolj County , Romania with a population of 1,750 people . It is composed of a single village , VÃ cents rtop .


He worked with many famous American orchestras , including the Chicago Symphony Orchestra , the Los Angeles Philharmonic , the NBC Symphony Orchestra , the New York Philharmonic and the Philadelphia Orchestra .

During his years in the United States , Walter worked with many famous American orchestras , including the Chicago Symphony Orchestra , the Los Angeles Philharmonic , the NBC Symphony Orchestra , the New York Philharmonic ( where he was musical adviser from 1947 to 1949 , but declined an offer to be music director ) , and the Philadelphia Orchestra .


His name was originally Bruno Schlesinger but from 1896 he was usually known as Bruno Walter . Walter became his official surname in 1911 when he became an Austrian citizen .

He was born Bruno Schlesinger , but began using Walter as his surname in 1896 , and officially changed his surname to Walter upon becoming a naturalised Austrian in 1911 .


He made his last live concert appearance on 4 December , 1960 with the Los Angeles Philharmonic and pianist Van Cliburn .

He made his last live concert appearance on December 4 , 1960 with the Los Angeles Philharmonic and pianist Van Cliburn .


Among his friends in Munich was Eugenio Pacelli who later became Pope Pius XII .

In Munich Walter was good friends with Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli ( later Pope Pius XII ) .


When the Naziâ s took power in Austria ( the Anschluss ) Walter was conducting in Paris . France offered Walter French citizenship .

At the time of the Anschluss in 1938 , Walter was at a recording session in Paris ; France offered Walter citizenship , which he accepted .


He was becoming very famous all over Europe . He performed in Prague and in London where in 1910 he conducted Tristan und Isolde and Ethel Smyth 's The Wreckers at Covent Garden .

In the following years Walter 's conducting reputation soared as he was invited to conduct across Europe â `` in Prague , in London where in 1910 he conducted Tristan und Isolde and Ethel Smyth 's The Wreckers at Covent Garden , and in Rome .


He performed at the Edinburgh Festival and in Salzburg , Vienna and Munich .

From 1946 onwards , he made numerous trips back to Europe , becoming an important musical figure in the early years of the Edinburgh Festival and in Salzburg , Vienna and Munich .


In his later life he made many stereo recordings with the Columbia Symphony Orchestra .

His late life was marked by stereo recordings with the Columbia Symphony Orchestra .


In the late 1920s , the Nazi leader Adolf Hitler often complained that conductors at the Berlin opera were Jews .

In his speeches in the late 1920s , Nazi leader Adolf Hitler complained bitterly about the presence of Jewish conductors at the Berlin opera , and mentioned Walter a number of times , adding to Walter 's name the phrase , `` alias Schlesinger . ''


His daughter was in Vienna . She was arrested by the Nazis , but Walter managed to persuade them to free her .

( His daughter was in Vienna at the time , and was arrested by the Nazis ; Walter was able to use his influence to free her .


Bruno Walter ( pronounce : `` Valter '' ) , ( born Berlin , 15 September 1876 ; died Beverley Hills , California , 17 February 1962 ) was a German-born conductor , pianist and composer .

Bruno Walter ( September 15 , 1876-February 17 , 1962 ) was a German-born conductor .


Walter became an Austrian citizen in 1911 , but two years later he went to Germany to become the Royal Bavarian Music Director in Munich .

Although Walter became an Austrian citizen in 1911 , he left Vienna to become the Royal Bavarian Music Director in Munich in 1913 .


Walter left Munich in 1922 and went to New York the next year . He conducted the New York Symphony Orchestra in Carnegie Hall .

Walter ended his Munich appointment in 1922 and left for New York in 1923 , working with the New York Symphony Orchestra in Carnegie Hall ; he later conducted in Detroit , Minnesota and Boston .


This recording was made just before the Nazi Anschluss which forced Walter and RosÃ into exile .

Both were recorded live in concert , the latter only two months before the Nazi Anschluss drove Walter ( and Rose ) into exile .


When he returned to Europe , Walter was invited to play in many places , including Berlin Leipzig , Milan ( La Scala ) and London , where he was chief conductor of the German seasons at Covent Garden from 1924 to 1931 .

In London , Walter was chief conductor of the German seasons at Covent Garden from 1924 to 1931 .


He conducted the first performance of Das Lied von der Erde with the Vienna Philharmonic .

Walter led the first performance of Das Lied in 1911 in Munich and of the Ninth in 1912 in Vienna with the Vienna Philharmonic . Decades later , Walter and the Vienna Philharmonic ( with Mahler 's brother-in-law Arnold Rose still the concertmaster ) made the first recordings of Das Lied von der Erde in 1936 and of the Ninth Symphony in 1938 .


At his first performance he conducted Verdi 's Aida .


In 1901 Mahler invited Walter to be his assistant at the Court Opera in Vienna .

In 1901 Walter accepted Mahler 's invitation to be his assistant at the Court Opera in Vienna .


The next year Walter conducted his first concert in Moscow .

In January of the following year Walter conducted his first concert in Moscow .


Many years later , in 1952 , Walter and the Vienna Philharmonic once again made a famous recording of Das Lied von der Erde with the singers Kathleen Ferrier and Julius Patzak .

His famous Decca Das Lied von der Erde with Kathleen Ferrier , Julius Patzak , and the Vienna Philharmonic was made in May , 1952 , and he recorded it again in studio with the New York Philharmonic in 1960 .


NuillÃ - sur-Vicoin is a commune of 1 184 people ( 2007 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France .

NuillÃ - sur-Vicoin is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France .


Rapilly is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

Rapilly is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie rÃ gion in northwestern France .


It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the VendÃ e department in the west of France .

Chavagnes-les-Redoux is a commune of the VendÃ e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France .


Boykins is a town of Virginia in the United States .

Boykins is a town in Southampton County , Virginia , United States .


JÃ rg Heinrich ( born 6 December , 1969 ) is a former German football player .

JÃ rg Heinrich ( born December 6 , 1969 in Rathenow ) is a German football defender .


: Often times , editors will want a default initial state for a nav box , which may be overridden in an article .

Often times , editors will want a default initial state for a navbox , which may be overridden in an article .


; image : An image to be displayed in a cell below the title and to the right of the body ( the groups\/lists ) .

; image \* : An image to be displayed in a cell below the title and to the right of the body ( the groups\/lists ) .


It is similar to in appearance , with some default styles that should work for most navigational templates .

It comes equipped with default styles that should work for most navigational templates .


; groupn : ( i.e. group1 , group2 , etc. ) If specified , text appears in a header cell displayed to the left of listn .

; groupn \* : ( i.e. group1 , group2 , etc. ) If specified , text appears in a header cell displayed to the left of listn .


The image parameter accepts standard wikicode for displaying an image , i.e. : : : :

The image parameter accepts standard wikicode for displaying an image , e.g. : : :


listn ( body may be used in place of list1 ) : ( i.e. list1 , list2 , etc. ) The body of the template , usually a list of links .

; listn \* : ( i.e. list1 , list2 , etc. ) The body of the template , usually a list of links .


; abovestyle ; belowstyle : CSS styles to apply to the top cell ( specified via the above parameter ) and bottom cell ( specified via the below parameter ) .

; abovestyle \* ; belowstyle \* : CSS styles to apply to the top cell ( specified via the above parameter ) and bottom cell ( specified via the below parameter ) .


; title : Text that appears centered in the top row of the table .

; title \* : Text that appears centered in the top row of the table .


; groupstyle : CSS styles to apply to the groupN cells .

; groupstyle \* : CSS styles to apply to the groupN cells .


Since liststyle and oddstyle are transparent odd lists have the color of the bodystyle , which defaults to white .

Since liststyle and oddstyle are transparent , odd lists have the color of the bodystyle , which defaults to # fdfdfd ( white with a hint of gray ) .


; bodystyle : Specifies CSS styles to apply to the template body .

; style \* : Specifies CSS styles to apply to the template body .


It is not recommended that one modifies the default styles , but it is possible if one wishes to do so .

Changing the default styles is not recommended , but is possible .


; name : The name of the template , which is needed for the `` v d e '' ( `` view discuss edit '' ) links to work properly on all pages where the template is used .

; name \* : The name of the template , which is needed for the `` v d e '' ( `` view discuss edit '' ) links to work properly on all pages where the template is used .


: Example : with expanded as the default initial state .

: \* Example : with expanded as the default initial state .


; liststyle : CSS styles to apply to all lists .

; liststyle \* : CSS styles to apply to all lists .


Boysetsfire has five members in the band ; the current band members are Nathan Gray , Chad Istvan , Robert Ehrenbrand , Josh Latshaw and Matt Krupanski .

Boysetsfire was composed of guitarists Chad Istvan and Josh Latshaw , bassist Robert Ehrenbrand , drummer Matt Krupanski , and vocalist Nathan Gray .


Boysetsfire is an American post-hardcore rock band from Newark , Delaware .

Boysetsfire is a post-hardcore band from Newark , Delaware and West Chester , Pennsylvania that formed in October 1994 .


Dixon is a city of Illinois in the United States .

Dixon is a city in Lee County , Illinois , United States .


Advance Wars : Days of Ruin , known in PAL regions as Advance Wars : Dark Conflict and in Japan as Famicom Wars DS 2 , is a turn-based tactics video game made by Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS game console .

Advance Wars : Days of Ruin ( titled Advance Wars : Dark Conflict in Europe and Australia ) is a turn-based tactics video game for the Nintendo DS handheld game console .


Sexual slavery is a special case of slavery or forced labor .

Sexual slavery may include single-owner sexual slavery , ritual slavery sometimes associated with traditional religious practices , slavery for primarily non-sexual purposes where sex is common , or forced prostitution .


About 250,000 people go there to enjoy all the events , the sports , food , funfairs and live music .

The event includes sports , funfairs and live music .


The villages in the borough are popular with commuters to Bedford , and also with people who commute to Milton Keynes , which is a bigger employment center than Bedford , and to London .

The villages in the borough are popular with commuters to Bedford , and also with people who commute to Milton Keynes and to London .


The villages in the Borough of Bedford with populations of more than 2,000 are Biddenham , Bromham , Clapham , Elstow , Oakley , Sharnbrook , Shortstown , Wilstead , and Wootton .

Villages in the Borough of Bedford with populations of more than 2,000 as of 2005 were Biddenham , Bromham , Clapham , Elstow , Oakley , Sharnbrook , Shortstown , Wilstead , and Wootton .


It has a tall spire which can be seen from a long way away .

It has a tall spire which is one of the main features of the town .


There was a church there in 1066 . The present church was started in the early 13th century and gradually more parts were added .

There was a church on the site by 1066 and work on the present structure began in the early 13th century , but little remains from that period .


The town of Kempston has now grown to be part of Bedford .

The town of Kempston is adjacent to Bedford , as are the villages of Elstow , Renhold and Ravensden .


The event lasts for two days and regularly attracts about 250,000 visitors .


Buses from Bedford travel to Northampton , Milton Keynes , Cambridge , Oxford and other towns in the region . Most of these services depart from the main bus station in the town .

The town 's bus services and major bus routes include route X5 to Milton Keynes , Cambridge and Oxford and services to Northampton , Kettering and other towns in the region .


Bedford has two rugby union teams called Bedford Blues and Bedford Athletic .

Bedford has three rugby union teams called Bedford Blues , Bedford Swifts and Bedford Athletic , and , since 2004 , has also a rugby league team ; Bedford Tigers , who compete one tier below the National Conference .


Bedford Blues are now in the second tier of English rugby , although they have previously been in the top division .

Bedford Blues are currently in the second tier of English rugby , but have previously been in the top division .


The tower and spire were completely rebuilt in the 1860s .

In 1865-1868 the tower and spire were completely rebuilt and the two transepts added and lesser alterations have been made since .


Every two years , an event called Bedford River Festival is held near the river in Bedford during early July .

Every two years , an event called `` The River Festival '' is held near the river in Bedford during early July .


Although Bedford has no large theater there are many amateur groups such as the Bedford Dramatic Club , Swan Theatre Company , Bedford Marionettes who perform in several places such as the Bowen West Theatre and Civic Theatre .

The University of Bedfordshire Theatre is the largest theater in Bedford and hosts many larger productions as well as projects from the university . There is an active amdram ( community theater ) scene , with groups such as the Swan Theatre Company , Bedford Dramatic Club ( BDC ) , Bedford Marianettes and ShowCo Bedford producing plays and musicals in venues like the Civic Theatre and the Corn Exchange .


Bedford Hospital is split between two sites in the town .

Bedford Hospital is a district general hospital that operates from two sites in the town , providing a wide range of services , although patients requiring advanced health services are referred to specialist units elsewhere , particularly Addenbrooke 's Hospital in Cambridge , which has a partnership with Bedford Hospital . Bedford Hospitals catchment area is based on the Borough of Bedford and parts of Central Bedfordshire .


Graveson is a commune of 3,797 people ( 2007 ) . It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rh Ã ne department in the south of France .

Graveson is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rh Ã ne department in southern France .


is a British musical , based on the book Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens .

The musical is based upon the novel Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens .


Magazines may be made out of metal or plastic .


Edwin Ifeanyi ( born 28 April 1972 ) is a former Cameroonian football player .

Edwin Ifeanyi ( born April 28 , 1972 ) is a former Cameroonian football player .


`` Lose My Breath '' is an R&B \/ dance-pop song written by BeyoncÃ Knowles , Kelly Rowland , Michelle Williams , Rodney Jerkins , LaShawn Daniels , Fred Jerkins III , Sean Garrett , and Shawn `` Jay-Z '' Corey Carter for Destiny 's Child 's fourth studio album , Destiny Fulfilled ( 2004 ) .

`` Lose My Breath '' is an R&B song performed by the American group Destiny 's Child . It was written by BeyoncÃ Knowles , Kelly Rowland , Michelle Williams , Rodney Jerkins , LaShawn Daniels , Fred Jerkins III , Sean Garrett , and Shawn Corey `` Jay-Z '' Carter for Destiny 's Child 's fourth studio album , Destiny Fulfilled ( 2004 ) .


Rouez is a commune . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France .

Rouez , also called Rouez-en-Champagne , is a commune in the Sarthe department in the region of Pays-de-la-Loire in north-western France .


Tony Danza ( born Anthony Salvatore Iadanza ; April 21 , 1950 in Brooklyn , New York ) is an Italian-American Television personality , tap dancer , boxer and Teacher .

Tony Danza ( born Anthony Salvatore Iadanza ; April 21 , 1950 ) is an Italian-American actor best known for starring on the TV series Taxi and Who 's the Boss ?


In draw poker , each player is dealt five cards . A player can decide to throw away a number of these cards and then take ( draw ) new cards to replace them .

A poker hand comprises five cards ; in variants where a player has more than five cards , the best five cards play .


Pokerâ s popularity has experienced an unprecedented spike in recent years , largely due to the introduction of online poker and the invention of the hole-card camera which finally turned the game into a spectator sport .

Poker 's popularity experienced an unprecedented spike at the beginning of the 21st century , largely because of the introduction of online poker and hole-card cameras , which turned the game into a spectator sport .


Viewers can now follow the action and drama of the game , and broadcasts of poker tournaments such as the World Series of Poker and the World Poker Tour have brought in huge audiences for cable and satellite TV distributors .

Not only could viewers now follow the action and drama of the game on television , they could also play the game in the comfort of their own home . Broadcasts of poker tournaments such as the World Series of Poker and World Poker Tour brought in huge audiences for cable and satellite TV distributors .


During the American Civil War , many additions were made , including draw poker , stud poker ( the five-card variant ) , and the straight .

During the American Civil War , many additions were made including stud poker ( the five-card variant ) , and the straight .


There are many different kinds of poker . In draw poker , each player is dealt five cards .

Video poker is a single-player computer game that functions much like a slot machine ; most video poker machines play draw poker , where the player bets , a hand is dealt , and the player can discard and replace cards .


In stud poker ( for example , seven-card stud ) , some of each player 's cards are laid ( face-up ) on the table so that the other players can see them .

The most popular stud variant today , seven-card stud , deals two extra cards to each player ( three face-down , four face-up ) from which they must make the best possible 5-card hand .


In a casino a `` house '' dealer handles the cards for each hand , but a button ( any small item used as a marker , also called a buck ) is rotated among the players to determine the order of dealing and betting in certain games . In a home game , the right to deal the cards typically rotates among the players clockwise , but a button may still be used .

In a casino , a house dealer handles the cards for each hand , but the button ( typically a white plastic disk ) is rotated clockwise among the players to indicate a nominal dealer to determine the order of betting .


At the end of the last betting round , if more than one player remains , there is a showdown in which the players reveal their previously hidden cards and evaluate their hands .

At the end of the last betting round , if more than one player remains , there is a showdown , in which the players reveal their previously hidden cards and evaluate their hands .


The history of poker is a matter of some debate .

The history of poker is the subject of some debate .


Soon after this spread , the full 52-card English deck was used , and the flush was introduced .

Soon after this spread , the full 52-card English deck was used and the flush was introduced .


The name of the game likely descended from the French poque , which descended from the German pochen ( ` to knock ' ) , but it is not clear whether the origins of poker itself lie with the games bearing those names .

` to knock ' ) . Yet it is not clear whether the origins of poker itself lie with the games bearing those names .


English actor Joseph Crowell reported that the game was played in New Orleans in 1829 , with a deck of 20 cards , four players betting on which player 's hand was the most valuable .

English actor Joseph Crowell reported that the game was played in New Orleans in 1829 , with a deck of 20 cards , and four players betting on which player 's hand was the most valuable .


Like most card games , the dealer shuffles the deck of cards .

The dealer shuffles the cards , the player on the chair to their right cuts , and the dealer deals the appropriate number of cards to the players one at a time , beginning with the player to their left .


Such phrases as ace in the hole , beats me , blue chip , call the bluff , cash in , pass the buck , poker face , stack up , up the ante , when the chips are down , wild card , and others are used in everyday conversation even by those unaware of their origins at the poker table .

Such phrases and clichÃ s as ace in the hole , ace up one 's sleeve , beats me , blue chip , call one 's bluff , cash in , high roller , pass the buck , poker face , stack up , up the ante , when the chips are down , wild card , and others are used in everyday conversation , even by those unaware of their origins at the poker table .


During a round of betting , there will always be a current bet amount , which is the total amount of money bet in this round by the player who bet last in this round .

A player who matches a bet may also `` raise '' , or increase the bet . The betting round ends when all players have either matched the last bet or have folded .


When the round is over , the bets are then gathered into the pot .

At the end of each round , all bets are gathered into the central pot .


CrÃ cy-sur-Serre is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

CrÃ cy-sur-Serre is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardie in northern France .


Catherine Howard ( between 1520 and 1525 - February 13 1542 ) was the fifth wife of Henry VIII of England .

Catherine Howard ( c. 1520-1525 â `` 13 February 1542 ) , also spelled Katherine or Katheryn , was the fifth wife of Henry VIII of England , and sometimes known by his reference to her as his `` rose without a thorn '' .


In July 1540 , after Henry had annul Anne of Cleves , Henry and Catherine got married at Oatlands Palace in Surrey .

Catherine married Henry VIII on 28 July 1540 , at Oatlands Palace in Surrey , almost immediately after the annulment of his marriage to Anne of Cleves was arranged .


Mary 's mother died in 1671 , and her father married again in 1673 . He took Mary of Modena , a Catholic , as his second wife .

Her mother died in 1671 , and her father remarried in 1673 , taking as his second wife the Catholic Princess Mary of Modena , who was only four years older than Mary .


On 11 April 1689 , the Estates of Scotland recognized them as Sovereigns . From then on , William and Mary called themselves `` William and Mary , by the Grace of God , King and Queen of England , Scotland , France and Ireland , Defenders of the Faith , etc. '' .

From 11 April 1689 â '' when the Estates of Scotland recognized them as Sovereignsâ '' the royal couple used the style `` William and Mary , by the Grace of God , King and Queen of England , Scotland , France and Ireland , Defenders of the Faith , etc. '' .


Some said that the boy had been secretly carried into the Queen 's room in a bed-warming pan instead of her stillborn baby .

Some charged that the boy was `` supposititious '' , having been secretly smuggled into the Queen 's room in a bed-warming pan as a substitute for her stillborn baby .


Because of this , it passed the Act of Settlement 1701 . After Anne , the Crown would go to their nearest Protestant relative , Sophia , Electress of Hanover , and her Protestant heirs .

Princess Anne 's last surviving child , William , Duke of Gloucester , died in July 1700 , and , as it was clear that William III would have no more children , Parliament passed the Act of Settlement 1701 , which provided that after Anne the Crown would go to their nearest Protestant relative , Sophia , Electress of Hanover , and her Protestant heirs .


Anne had been strongly influenced by Churchill 's wife , Sarah .

In January 1692 , the influential John Churchill , 1st Earl of Marlborough , was dismissed on similar charges ; the dismissal somewhat diminished her popularity and further harmed her relationship with her sister Anne ( who was strongly influenced by Churchill 's wife , Sarah ) . Anne appeared at court with Sarah , obviously supporting the disgraced Churchill , which led to Mary angrily demanding that Anne dismiss Sarah and vacate her lodgings .


William agreed to attack . He declared that James ' newborn son was the `` pretended Prince of Wales '' .

William agreed to invade and issued a declaration which referred to James ' newborn son as the `` pretended Prince of Wales '' .


The declaration was later extended to take out all Catholics . This was because `` it hath been found ( discovered ) by experience that it is inconsistent ( not in harmony ) with the safety and welfare of this Protestant kingdom to be governed by a papist prince '' .

The declaration was later extended to exclude not only James and his heirs ( other than Anne ) from the throne , but all Catholics , since `` it hath been found by experience that it is inconsistent with the safety and welfare of this Protestant kingdom to be governed by a papist prince '' .


On 13 February 1689 , Parliament passed the Declaration of Right . In this declaration , it said that James , by trying to run away on 11 December 1688 , had abandoned the government , so no one at the time was king .

On 13 February 1689 , Parliament passed the Declaration of Right , in which it deemed that James , by attempting to flee on 11 December 1688 , had abdicated the government of the realm , and that the Throne had thereby become vacant .


Mary 's uncle was Charles II . Her grandfather by her mother 's side was Edward Hyde , 1st Earl of Clarendon .

Mary 's uncle was King Charles II , who ruled the three kingdoms of England , Scotland and Ireland ; her maternal grandfather , Edward Hyde , 1st Earl of Clarendon , served for a lengthy period as Charles 's chief advisor .


He also gave a list of what the English people wanted , and said that he only wanted to have `` a free and lawful Parliament assembled '' .

He also gave a list of grievances of the English people and stated that his proposed expedition was for the sole purpose of having `` a free and lawful Parliament assembled '' .


When she died , Henry Purcell was called to write her funeral music , titled Music for the Funeral of Queen Mary .

For the ceremony , composer Henry Purcell wrote Music for the Funeral of Queen Mary .


But Mary told William that she did not care about political power . She said `` she would be no more but his wife , and that she would do all that lay in her power to make him King for life '' .

According to Gilbert Burnet , however , Mary convinced her husband that she did not care for political power , and told him `` she would be no more but his wife , and that she would do all that lay in her power to make him King for life '' .


On 30 June , the Immortal Seven secretly asked William , who was in the Netherlands with Mary , to come to England with an army .

On 30 June , the Immortal Seven secretly requested Williamâ '' then in the Netherlands with Maryâ '' to come to England with an army to depose James .


On 5 March , she was buried at Westminster Abbey .


On 11 May , William and Mary formally accepted the Scottish crown .


Popular histories usually call their joint reigns as those of `` William and Mary '' .

Popular histories usually refer to the joint reigns as those of `` William and Mary '' .


She sent a list of suspicious questions to her sister , Anne , about the boy 's birth .

Seeking information , Mary sent a pointed list of questions to her sister , Anne , regarding the circumstances of the birth .


Mary gave money to the College of William and Mary ( in the present day Williamsburg , Virginia ) in 1693 . She also began the Royal Hospital for Seamen , Greenwich .

Mary endowed the College of William and Mary ( in the present day Williamsburg , Virginia ) in 1693 , supported Thomas Bray , who founded the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge , and was instrumental in the foundation of the Royal Hospital for Seamen , Greenwich , after the Anglo-Dutch victory at the Battle of La Hogue .


Her mother gave birth to eight children , but only Mary and her younger sister Anne lived to adulthood .

Although her mother bore eight children , all except Mary and her younger sister Anne died very young , and the King had no legitimate children .


She was a firm ruler , and ordered her own uncle , Henry Hyde , 2nd Earl of Clarendon , to go to prison for trying to put James II back onto the throne .

She proved a firm ruler , ordering the arrest of her own uncle , Henry Hyde , 2nd Earl of Clarendon , for plotting to restore James II to the throne .


When William III died in 1702 , he was succeeded by Anne . She was succeeded by the son of Electress Sophia , George I.

When William III died in 1702 , he was succeeded by Anne , and she in turn was succeeded by the son of the deceased Electress Sophia , George I.


The Dutch army , which had been turned back by a storm in October , landed on 5 November .

William and the Dutch army , without Mary who stayed behind in the Netherlands , finally landed on 5 November , having been turned back by storms in October .


This stopped the only effective resistance to William , and the revolt was quickly crushed . The next month , there was a great defeat at the Battle of Dunkeld .

The huge losses suffered by Dundee 's troops , however , coupled with his fatal wounding at the start of the battle , served to remove the only effective resistance to William and the uprising was quickly crushed , suffering a resounding defeat the next month at the Battle of Dunkeld .


Protestants became even more fearful when his wife , Mary of Modena , gave birth to a son -- James Francis Edward -- in June 1688 . They were fearful because the son would , unlike Mary and Anne , be raised a Roman Catholic .

Alarm amongst Protestants increased when his wife , Mary of Modena , gave birth to a sonâ '' James Francis Edwardâ '' in June 1688 , for the son would , unlike Mary and Anne , be raised a Roman Catholic .


Mary did not visit Anne during her pregnancy after that . After the baby was born , Mary did visit Anne , but she spent her time berating Anne for her friendship with Sarah .

After Mary 's recovery and the death of Anne 's baby soon after it was born , Mary did visit her sister , but chose the opportunity to berate Anne for her friendship with Sarah .


Mary was a Protestant . She became queen after the Glorious Revolution , which resulted in the deposition of her Roman Catholic father , James II and VII .

Mary , a Protestant , came to the thrones following the Glorious Revolution , which resulted in the deposition of her Roman Catholic father , James II and VII .


But it was added that `` the sole and full exercise of the regal ( royal ) power be only in and executed by the said Prince of Orange in the names of the said Prince and Princess during their joint lives . ''

William , however , would be King even after his wife 's death , and `` the sole and full exercise of the regal power ( would be ) executed by the said Prince of Orange in the names of the said Prince and Princess during their joint lives . ''


Mary died of smallpox at Kensington Palace on 28 December 1694 .

Mary died at Kensington Palace shortly after midnight on the morning of 28 December .


Mary was born at St. James Palace in London on 30 April 1662 . Her father was James , Duke of York , and her mother was his first wife , Lady Anne Hyde .

Mary , born at St. James 's Palace in London on 30 April 1662 , was the eldest daughter of James , Duke of York ( the future James II & VII ) , and his first wife , Lady Anne Hyde .


William III and Mary II called themselves `` William and Mary , by the Grace of God , King and Queen of England , France and Ireland , Defenders of the Faith , etc. '' when they began their rule .

The joint style of William III and Mary II was `` William and Mary , by the Grace of God , King and Queen of England , France and Ireland , Defenders of the Faith , etc. '' when they ascended the Throne .


When she was 15 , Lady Mary became betrothed to her first cousin , the Protestant William , Prince of Orange .

At the age of fifteen , Mary was betrothed to her cousin the Protestant Stadtholder of Holland , William of Orange .


Mary ruled together with her husband , William III and II . He became the ruler of both countries when she died in 1694 .

Mary reigned jointly with her husband and first cousin , William III and II , who became sole ruler upon her death in 1694 .


John Graham of Clevehouse , the Viscount of Dundee , raised an army and won a victory at Killiecrankie on 27 July .

Viscount Dundee raised an army in the Scottish Highlands that won a convincing victory at Killiecrankie on 27 July .


This second attempt was successful , and James escaped to France . He lived there in exile until his death .

A second attempt at flight , on 23 December , was successful ; William deliberately allowed James to escape to France where he lived in exile until his death .


Even after this was declared , there was still strong support for James in Scotland .

Even after the declaration , there was still substantial support for James in Scotland .


The Archbishop of Canterbury usually performed coronations . But William Sancroft , the Archbishop at that time , felt that James II 's removal had been wrong .

Normally , the Archbishop of Canterbury performs coronations , but the incumbent Archbishop , William Sancroft , although an Anglican , refused to recognize the validity of James II 's removal .


The Duke of York became a Roman Catholic in 1668 or 1669 , but Mary and Anne had a Protestant education , as Charles II had commanded .

The Duke of York converted to Roman Catholicism in 1668 or 1669 , but Mary and Anne were brought up as Protestants , pursuant to the command of Charles II .


William and Mary were crowned together at Westminster Abbey on 11 April 1689 .

The Bishop of London , Henry Compton , crowned William and Mary together at Westminster Abbey on 11 April 1689 .


Normally , James 's oldest son , James Francis Edward would have been the heir . However , Parliament offered the crown to William and Mary as joint Sovereigns instead .

Parliament offered the Crown not to James 's eldest son , James Francis Edward ( who would have been the heir-apparent under normal circumstances ) , but to William and Mary as joint Sovereigns .


Jugglers often call the objects they juggle as props .

Jugglers often refer to the objects they juggle as props .


Juggling can also mean other prop-based skills such as diabolo , devil sticks , poi , cigar boxes , fire-dancing , contact juggling , hooping , foot bag and hat manipulation .

The term juggling can also refer to other prop-based skills such as diabolo , devil sticks , poi , cigar boxes , fire-dancing , contact juggling , hooping , foot bag and hat manipulation .


Some performers use more dangerous objects such as knives , fire torches , and even chainsaws .

Some performers use more dramatic objects such as knives , fire torches , and even chainsaws .


Juggling is a skill which throwing objects for enjoyment or sport .

Juggling is a skill involving moving objects for entertainment or sport .


Sir Thomas More invented the word for his 1516 book Utopia . The book was about a fictional island in the Atlantic Ocean .

The word was imported from Greek , by Sir Thomas More for his 1516 book Utopia , describing a fictional island in the Atlantic Ocean .


Claude LÃ vi-Strauss ( ; born November 28 , 1908 - died October 30 , 2009 ) was a French anthropologist .

Claude LÃ vi-Strauss ( ; ( 28 November 1908 â `` 30 October 2009 ) was a French anthropologist and ethnologist , and has been called the `` father of modern anthropology '' .


BBC HD is a high-definition television channel provided by the BBC .

BBC HD is a high-definition television network provided by the BBC .


Sioux City is a city of Iowa in the United States .

Sioux City also has several taxi companies that operate within the city .


The numbers associated with the name represent the amount of aluminium in the alloy ( i.e. ZA8 has 8 % aluminium ) .


Records of seismic waves called seismograms allow to map the interior of the Earth , and locate and measure the size of those different sources .

Records of seismic waves allow seismologists to map the interior of the Earth , and locate and measure the size of these different sources .