Lithium reacts with water , making irritating smoke and heat . It is not as dangerous as the other alkali metals .

Lithium reacts with water easily , but with noticeably less energy than other alkali metals do .


Lithium compounds are used in some drugs known as mood stabilizers .

Lithium salts such as lithium carbonate ( Li2CO3 ) , lithium citrate , and lithium orotate are mood stabilizers . They are used in the treatment of bipolar disorder since , unlike most other mood altering drugs , they counteract both depression and mania ( though more effective for the latter ) .


Some lithium compounds are also used in ceramics .

Lithium and its compounds have several industrial applications , including heat-resistant glass and ceramics , high strength-to-weight alloys used in aircraft , lithium batteries and lithium-ion batteries . These uses consume more than half of lithium production .


It only is in the form of lithium compounds . The ocean has a large amount of lithium in it .

Lithium salts such as lithium carbonate ( Li2CO3 ) , lithium citrate , and lithium orotate are mood stabilizers .


It began under President Harry S. Truman .

Since its inception under Harry S. Truman , the function of the Council has been to advise and assist the president on national security and foreign policies .


The White House National Security Council ( NSC ) in the United States is the principal forum used by the President for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and Cabinet officials and is part of the President 's Executive Office .

The White House National Security Council ( NSC ) in the United States is the principal forum used by the President of the United States for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and Cabinet officials and is part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States .


Manicamp is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

Manicamp is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


It allows you to download World Wide Web sites from the Internet to a computer .

It allows one to download World Wide Web sites from the Internet to a local computer .


HTTrack is a free and open source website copier and offline browser by Xavier Roche , licensed under the GNU General Public License .

HTTrack is a free and open source Web crawler and offline browser , developed by Xavier Roche and licensed under the GNU General Public License .


It is half-way along the island 's south coast at the end of a hilly peninsula .

It is half-way along the island 's south coast at the end of a hilly peninsula in Clarendon .


Saint-L Ã ger , Pas-de-Calais is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

Saint-L Ã ger is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


This is a redirect to a Wikipedia `` shortcut '' .

This is a redirect from a Wikipedia shortcut .


`` Shortcuts '' are mainly used for Wikipedia project pages .

Shortcuts are generally reserved for Wikipedia project pages , their discussion pages and categories .


For more information , follow the category links .

For more information , follow the category link .


Washington is a community in Dutchess County , New York , United States .

Washington is a town in Dutchess County , New York , United States .


Jussy is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


AcrelÃ cents ndia is a municipality located in the northwest part of the Brazilian State Acre .

AcrelÃ cents ndia is a municipality located in the easternmost portion of the Brazilian state of Acre .


Olavo Rodrigues Barbosa ( born 11 July , 1923 - died 17 November 2010 ) was a former Brazilian football player . He was known as Nena .

Olavo Rodrigues Barbosa , best known as Nena , ( 11 July 1923 -- 17 November 2010 ) was a Brazilian former football player .


San Marcos is a city located in central Texas .

In addition to Texas State University and the San Marcos Baptist Academy , San Marcos is served by the San Marcos Consolidated Independent School District .


It is part of the Interstate 35 corridor , between Austin and San Antonio .

Located within the metropolitan area , the city is located on the Interstate 35 corridor -- between Austin and San Antonio .


San Marcos is a city located in central Texas . It is home to Texas State University-San Marcos .

San Marcos is home to Texas State Universityâ `` San Marcos , and the Aquarena Center .


Clapton became friends with Beatle George Harrison , who asked him to play guitar on `` While My Guitar Gently Weeps '' , for 1968 's `` White Album '' .

The close friendship between Clapton and Harrison resulted in Clapton 's playing on Harrison 's `` While My Guitar Gently Weeps '' from the Beatles ' White Album .


Clapton 's father , who already had a wife , returned to Canada after World War II .

Fryer shipped off to war prior to Clapton 's birth and then returned to Canada .


Clapton was raised believing his mother was his sister .

Clapton grew up with his grandmother , Rose , and her second husband Jack , believing they were his parents and that his mother was his older sister .


Clapton was the son of a sixteen-year-old , Patricia Clapton , and Edward Fryer , a Canadian soldier stationed in England .

Eric Patrick Clapton was born in Ripley , Surrey , England , the son of 16 year old Patricia Molly Clapton ( b. 7 January 1929 ) and Edward Walter Fryer ( 21 March 1920 - 15 May 1985 ) , a 24-year-old soldier from Montreal , Quebec . Fryer shipped off to war prior to Clapton 's birth and then returned to Canada .


She left Clapton with his grandparents Jack and Rose Clapp ( Clapton by her first marriage ) and moved to Germany where she married another Canadian soldier .

Their surname was Clapp , which has given rise to the widespread but erroneous belief that Clapton 's real surname is Clapp ( Reginald Cecil Clapton is the name of Rose 's first husband , Eric Clapton 's maternal grandfather ) .


John Maynard Smith , FRS ( 6 January 1920 -- 19 April 2004 ) was a British theoretical evolutionary biologist and geneticist .

John Maynard Smith , F.R.S. ( 6 January 1920 -- 19 April 2004 ) was a British theoretical evolutionary biologist and geneticist .


The Punjabi people ( Punjabi : Ù 3\/4 Ù Ø Ø Ø Û , à à à à 3\/4 à à also Panjabi people ) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group from South Asia ( Pakistan and India ) .

The Punjabi people ( ( Shahmukhi ) , à à à à 3\/4 à à ( Gurmukhi ) , Hindi : à à à à 3\/4 à à ( Devanagari ) ) , also Panjabi people , are an Indo-Aryan linguistic group from South Asia . They are the second largest ethnic group , out of the many different ethnic groups in South Asia .


The Punjabi identity is usually cultural and linguistic , with Punjabis being those whose first language is Punjabi , an Indo-European dialect .

The Punjabi identity was primarily cultural and linguistic , with Punjabis being those who considered the Punjabi Language their first language .


They come from the Punjab region , which has been home to some of the oldest civilizations in the world including one of the world 's first and oldest civilizations , the Indus Valley Civilization .

They originate from the Punjab region , which has been host to some of the oldest civilizations in the world including one of the world 's first and oldest civilizations , the Indus Valley Civilization .


Although called treeshrews , they are not true shrews ( although they were previously classified in the Insectivora ) , and are not all arboreal .

Although called treeshrews , they are not true shrews ( although they were previously classified in the Insectivora ) , and not all species are necessarily arboreal .


Fallout is the left over radiation hazard from a nuclear explosion . The name is because it `` falls out '' of the atmosphere into which it is spread during the explosion .

Fallout is the residual radiation hazard from a nuclear explosion , so called because it `` falls out '' of the atmosphere after the explosion .


Sum 41 ( sometimes called The Sums ) is a Canadian pop punk band from Ajax , Ontario .

Sum 41 is a Canadian rock band from Ajax , Ontario , active since 1996 .


The people currently in the band are Deryck Whibley ( lead vocals , guitar , keyboards ) , Cone McCaslin ( bass guitar , backing vocals ) , and Steve Jocz ( drums , percussion , and backing vocals ) .

The current members are Deryck Whibley ( lead vocals , rhythm guitar ) , Jason McCaslin ( bass guitar , backing vocals ) , Steve Jocz ( drums ) and Tom Thacker ( lead guitar , backing vocals ) .


In 1999 , the band signed a record deal with Island Records .

In 1999 , the band signed an international record deal with Island Records .


Since then , the band has released four studio albums .

The band has since released four more studio albums : Does This Look Infected ?


Its embers flared up again briefly in 2000 when one of the leading figures , Ernst Nolte , was awarded a literary prize .

It flared up again briefly in 2000 when one of its leading figures , Ernst Nolte , was awarded a literary prize .


It took place between 1986-1989 , and pitted left-wing intellectuals against right-wing intellectuals .

The Historikerstreit spanned the years 1986-1989 , and pitted left-wing against right-wing intellectuals .


The plants have often been considered to be a living fossil . The earliest fossils of the genus Cycas appear in the Cenozoic although Cycas-like fossils that may belong to Cycadaceae extend well into the Mesozoic .

Often considered a living fossil , the earliest fossils of the genus Cycas appear in the Cenozoic although Cycas-like fossils that may belong to Cycadaceae extend well into the Mesozoic .


The generic name comes from Greek kykas and means `` palm tree '' .

The generic name comes from Greek Koikas , and means `` a kind of palm '' .


Cycas is a genus of plants . It is the only genus currently known in the cycad family .

Cycas is the type genus and the only genus currently recognized in the cycad family Cycadaceae .


It is native to eastern and southeastern Asia including the Philippines with 6 species ( 4 of which are endemic ) , eastern Africa ( including Madagascar ) , northern Australia , Polynesia , and Micronesia .

It is native to eastern and southeastern Asia including the Philippines with 10 species ( 9 of which are endemic ) , eastern Africa ( including Madagascar ) , northern Australia , Polynesia , and Micronesia .


About 95 species are currently accepted .


The probably best-known of these is cultivated and marketed as Sago Palm or King Sago Palm . The plant is not a true palm , however .

The best-known species is Cycas revoluta , widely cultivated under the name `` Sago Palm '' or `` King Sago Palm '' due to its palm-like appearance although it is not a true palm .


Blaise CompaorÃ ( born February 3 , 1951 ) is the President of Burkina Faso . He has been the president since 1987 .

Blaise CompaorÃ ( born February 3 , 1951 ) has been the President of Burkina Faso since 1987 .


As of 2004 , 12,645 people lived there .

As of 2004 , the population recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau is 12,645 .


The company has four brands : the Abercrombie & Fitch brand , abercrombie kids , Hollister Co. , and Gilly Hicks .

The company also operates three offshoot brands : abercrombie ( childrenswear ) , Hollister Co. , and Gilly Hicks .


Abercrombie & Fitch ( A&F ) is an American clothing retailer sold as a lifestyle brand .

Abercrombie & Fitch ( A&F ) is an American retailer that focuses on casual wear for consumers ages 18 through 22 .


The company also had another brand called RUEHL No. 925 which closed in January 2010 .

The company operated a post-grad brand , Ruehl No. 925 , that closed in early 2010 .


It was created by David Abercrombie and Ezra H. Fitch . Abercrombie & Fitch was created in 1892 .

Founded in 1892 in Manhattan by David T. Abercrombie and Ezra H. Fitch , the real Abercrombie & Fitch was an elite outfitter of sporting and excursion goods , particularly noted for its expensive shotguns , fishing rods , and tents .


Abercrombie & Fitch ( A&F ) is an American clothing retailer sold as a lifestyle brand . The company has four brands : the Abercrombie & Fitch brand , abercrombie kids , Hollister Co. , and Gilly Hicks .

; abercrombie : Prep-school by Abercrombie & Fitch Themed as `` classic cool '' for kids 7 through 14 , this is the children 's version of Abercrombie & Fitch .


It was released on February 1 , 1994 through Reprise Records .


Dookie is the 3rd album by the band Green Day .

Dookie is the third studio album by the American punk rock band Green Day .


AsniÃ res-en-Bessin is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

AsniÃ res-en-Bessin is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


Ã trÃ ham is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

Ã trÃ ham is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


Palos Heights is a city of Illinois in the United States .

Palos Heights is a city in Cook County , Illinois , United States .


Many of his movies were filmed in Tbilisi , including The Father Murderer and Lost Treasures .

He shot many films in Tbilisi , including `` The Father Murderer '' and `` Lost Treasures . ''


His career in cinema started in 1914 , when a friend offered him a part in a movie .

His career in cinema started in 1914 , when a casual acquaintance offered him a part in a film . Since that part , he decided to pursue a career in cinema .


Hamo Beknazarian , also known as Hamo Bek Nazarov ( born May 19 , 1891 in Yerevan , died April 27 , 1965 in Moscow ) was a Armenian movie director .

Hamo Beknazarian was born on May 19 , 1891 in Yerevan , the capital of Armenia , Russian Empire .


In 1933 , he made the first Armenian movie to have sound , Pepo .

In 1933 , he shot the first Armenian sound film `` Pepo . ''


In 1920 , instead of going to Armenia as he planned , he went to Tbilisi , where he developed a film department for Georgian Commissioner 's office of Public Education .

In 1920 , instead of going to Armenia as he had decided , he went to Tbilisi where he developed a film department for the Georgian Commissioner 's office of Public Education .


In 1925 , he filmed his first Armenian movie and moved to Armenia .

In 1925 , he shot his first Armenian film and moved to Armenia .


New Douglas Park is a Scottish football stadium . It is owned by Scottish Premier League team Hamilton Academical F.C. who play their home games at the stadium .

New Douglas Park is a football stadium in Hamilton which serves as the home of Hamilton Academical .


This time is called the refractory period .

There are men who are able to achieve multiple orgasms , with or without the typical sequence of ejaculation and refractory period . Some of those men report not noticing refractory periods , or are able to maintain erection by `` sustaining sexual activity with a full erection until they passed their refractory time for orgasm when they proceeded to have a second or third orgasm '' .


If there are an unusually low number of sperm in an ejaculation , this is called oligospermia . If there are no sperm at all , this is called azoospermia .

An unusually low sperm count , not the same as low semen volume , is known as oligospermia , and the absence of any sperm from the semen is termed azoospermia .


Younger men normally have a shorter refractory period than older men .

The duration of the refractory period varies considerably , even for a given individual . Age affects the recovery time , with younger men typically recovering faster than older men , though not universally so .


A boy 's semen only becomes like an adult man 's semen about two years after his first ejaculation .

This first semen volume is small . The typical ejaculation over the following three months produces less than 1 ml of semen .


It either has no sperm in it , or sperm that do not move properly or do not move at all . A boy 's semen only becomes like an adult man 's semen about two years after his first ejaculation .

Within 24 months of the first ejaculation , the semen volume and the quantity and characteristics of the sperm match that of adult male semen .


It takes some time before he can have another erection and ejaculation . This time is called the refractory period .

Most men experience a refractory period immediately following an orgasm , during which time they are unable to achieve another erection , and a longer period again before they are capable of achieving another ejaculation .


The Village of Pawling is a community in Dutchess County , New York , United States .

State Route 22 runs through every town on the East side of Dutchess County , and runs parallel the Business District of Pawling . Metro-North Railroad has two rail commuter rail stations in Pawling , with service to New York City via the Harlem Line , with the Pawling in the town center , and the Appalachian Trail 2 miles north of the village of Pawling .


A vector space is a concept from mathematics .

The concept introduced above is called a real vector space .


A vector space is a collection of objects called vectors .

A vector space is a mathematical structure formed by a collection of vectors : objects that may be added together and multiplied ( `` scaled '' ) by numbers , called scalars in this context .


The elements of the group are called vectors and the elements of the field are called scalars .

Elements of V are called vectors . Elements of F are called scalars .


A minimum set of vectors that , through some combination of addition and multiplication , can reach any point in the vector space is called a basis of that vector space .

The operations of vector addition and scalar multiplication have to satisfy certain requirements , called axioms , listed below . An example of a vector space is that of Euclidean vectors which are often used to represent physical quantities such as forces : any two forces ( of the same type ) can be added to yield a third , and the multiplication of a force vector by a real factor is another force vector .


Two operations are defined : addition of two vectors and multiplication of a vector with a scalar ( multiplication results in scaling ) . More formally , a vector space is a special combination of a group and a field .

When scalar multiplication is defined for complex numbers , the denomination complex vector space is used .


His friends , Lucius Varius Rufus and Virgil , who were also writers , introduced him to Maecenas . Maecenas was a close friend of Augustus , the emperor of Rome .

Horace was a member of a literary circle that included Virgil and Lucius Varius Rufus , who introduced him to Maecenas , friend and confidant of Augustus .


Quintus Horatius Flaccus ( December 8 , 65 BC - November 27 , 8 BC ) , known to English speakers as Horace , was a famous poet in the Roman Empire .

Quintus Horatius Flaccus ( Venusia , December 8 , 65 BC â `` Rome , November 27 , 8 BC ) , known in the English-speaking world as Horace , was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus .


Vengeance ( 2002 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , which took place on July 21 2002 at the Joe Louis Arena in Detroit , Michigan .

Vengeance ( 2002 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , which took place on July 21 , 2002 at the Joe Louis Arena in Detroit , Michigan .


Todd Benjamin Heap ( born March 16 , 1980 in Mesa , Arizona ) is an American football Tight End for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League ( NFL ) .

Todd Benjamin Heap ( born March 16 , 1980 in Mesa , Arizona ) is a Pro Bowl tight end for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League .


Heap was drafted out of the Arizona State University by the Baltimore Ravens with the 31st pick in the first round of the 2001 NFL Draft .

The Baltimore Ravens selected Heap with the 31st overall pick in the 2001 NFL Draft .


Tongeren is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Limburg .

Tongeren is a city and municipality located in the province of Limburg , Flemish region , Belgium .


He stole a musket , and lived by taking food from gardens and taking the food of Aboriginals after scaring them away with his gun .

On the night of the 25th he was able to procure a musket , and survived for a few days by robbing gardens and taking the food of Aboriginals after frightening them away with his gun .


In 1795 Black Caesar ran away for the last time , and formed a gang of runaways .

In 1795 he ran away for the last time , forming a gang of runaways in the process .


He was sent to Australia as a convict for seven years .

His sentence was transportation to Australia for seven years .


Every day there were reports of missing things , but he was able to avoid being captured until 15 February . A man named Wimbow , who had been searching for days , found him in an area of thick bush called Liberty Plains and shot him .

Despite almost daily reports of missing property , he was able to evade capture until 15 February , when a man named Wimbow , who had been pursuing him with a partner for days , found him in an area of thick brush called Liberty Plains ( near what is now the Concord\/Strathfield area of Sydney ) and shot him .


He was taken back to Sydney in 1793 , and began stealing from the farms and huts again .

He returned to Sydney in 1793 , and began stealing from the farms and huts on the outskirts of the towns again .


On June 6 he tried to steal food from Zachariah Clark , who was the assistant in charge of the new colony 's food supplies . Caesar was caught by a convict named William Saltmarsh .

On the night of June the 6th he tried to steal food from Zachariah Clark , the `` house of the colony 's assistant commissary for stores '' , and was caught by a convict named William Saltmarsh .


After he lost the gun at Rose Hill , and was attacked by the Aborigines , leaving him wounded in several places .

At one point he lost his gun in a garden at Rose Hill , and was subsequently attacked by natives , leaving him wounded in several places .


On 26 May he stole food from a brick making gang at Brickfield Hill and was nearly caught .

On 26 May he helped himself to a brickmaking gang 's rations on Brickfield Hill and was nearly caught .


Caesar soon escaped again ; on 22 December used a canoe to get off the island , taking a week 's worth of food .

Nevertheless , it did n't take long for Caesar to abscond again ; on 22 December he ran away from the island with a week 's worth of food by canoe .


Two weeks later he escaped into the bush , taking food , an iron cooking pot , and a musket ( gun ) taken from a marine named Abraham Hand .

He took to the bush a fortnight later , reportedly with some provisions , an iron pot , and a musket stolen from a marine named Abraham Hand .


John Caesar ( 1764 â `` 15 February 1796 ) , known as `` Black Caesar '' , was the first Australian bushranger .

John Caesar ( 1764 â `` 15 February 1796 ) , nicknamed `` Black Caesar '' , was the first Australian bushranger and one of the first black people to arrive during British colonisation of the continent as a penal colony .


On 17 March 1786 , he was in court at Deptford , Kent for stealing 240 shillings .

On 17 March 1786 , he was tried at Deptford , Kent for stealing 240 shillings .


There he had one daughter , later named Mary Ann Fisher Power , to Ann ( e ) Power .

There he had one daughter , later baptized as Mary Ann Fisher Power , to Ann ( e ) Power .


On 6 March 1790 , Caesar was sent to Norfolk Island .

On 6 March 1790 , Caesar was transported to Norfolk Island after receiving another pardon from Phillip .


BucÃ els is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

BucÃ els is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


Stone tools are tools made of stone that were used most commonly by cavemen , or people who lived in prehistoric times . Stone tools are not used very often anymore because tools made of materials such as iron or steel are better because they are stronger and last longer .

Stone tools may be made of either ground stone or chipped stone , and a person who creates tools out of the latter is known as a flintknapper .


Stone tools are tools made of stone that were used most commonly by cavemen , or people who lived in prehistoric times .

In archaeology , a tool stone is a type of stone that is used to manufacture stone tools . Alternately , the term can be used to refer to stones used as the raw material for tools .


Rouen Cathedral is a Gothic cathedral in Rouen , in northwestern France .

Rouen Cathedral is a Roman Catholic Gothic cathedral in Rouen , in northwestern France .


`` Two of Us '' is a song by The Beatles , written by Paul McCartney , although it is credited to Lennon\/McCartney .

`` Two of Us '' is a 1969 song by The Beatles , written by Paul McCartney , although , in his 1980 Playboy interview , John Lennon apparently claimed to have written it . It is credited to Lennon\/McCartney .


In the Let It Be film , McCartney and Lennon sing the song `` rocker '' style into the same microphone .

In the Let It Be film , McCartney and Lennon sing the song `` rocker '' style into the same mike .


It was written for Linda Eastman , McCartney 's soon to be wife , though it sounds at times as if it is addressing Lennon , whose relationship with McCartney was tense at that time .

It was written for Linda Eastman , McCartney 's soon to be wife , though some lines ( especially `` you and me chasing papers \/ getting nowhere '' ) sound like they are addressing Lennon , whose relationship with McCartney was tense at that time .


McCartney had never been satisfied with this style , which he said was `` chunky . ''

McCartney had never been satisfied with this style , which he described as `` chunky . ''


Chevak is powered by four 30-meter-tall wind turbines . The wind generated in Chevak is classified as `` Class 6 â `` Outstanding '' , and is owned and operated by AVEC ( Alaska Villages Electric Cooperative ) .


The amount of energy needed to digest cooked meat is less than that needed for raw meat , and cooking gelatinizes collagen and other connective tissues as well , it `` opens up tightly woven carbohydrate molecules for easier absorption . ''

The amount of energy needed to digest cooked meat is less than raw meat , and cooking gelatinizes collagen and other connective tissues as well , `` opens up tightly woven carbohydrate molecules for easier absorption . ''


Fire also led to better nutrition though cooked proteins .

Fire also led to improved nutrition by cooked proteins .


This clue shows this not only with Stillbay sites that date back to 72,000 BP but sites that could be as old as 164,000 BP .

This research identifies this not only with Stillbay sites that date back to 72,000 BP but sites that could be as old as 164,000 BP .


Stahl thought that because some parts of plants , like raw cellulose and starch are hard to digest in uncooked form , they would likely not be a part of the hominid diet before fire could be controlled . These parts include stems , mature leaves , enlarged roots , and tubers .

Because of the indigestible components of plants such as raw cellulose and starch , certain parts of the plant such as stems , mature leaves , enlarged roots , and tubers would not have been part of the hominid diet prior to the advent of fire .


Fire was used to heat silcrete stones to increase their works before they were knapped into tools by Stillbay culture .

Fire was used to heat treat silcrete stones to increase their workability before they were knapped into tools by Stillbay culture .


Many burnt bones were found among Acheulean tools , bone tools , and bones with cut marks that were made by hominids .

Several burnt bones were found among Acheulean tools , bone tools , and bones with hominid-inflicted cut marks .


Some very tiny charcoal was found , but it could have come from a natural brush fire .

Some microscopic charcoal was found , but it could have resulted from a natural brush fire .


The place was dated through radiocarbon dating to be at 61,000 BP and 110,000 BP through amino acid racemization .

The site was dated through radiocarbon dating to be at 61,000 BP and 110,000 BP through amino acid racemization .


The earliest certain evidence of human control of fire was found at Swartkrans , South Africa .

The earliest definitive evidence of human control of fire was found at Swartkrans , South Africa .


This site also shows some of the earliest evidence of H. erectus eating meat .

This site also shows some of the earliest evidence of carnivory in H. erectus .


The Cave of Hearths in South Africa has burned deposits dated from 0.2 to 0.7 Ma BP , as do many other places such as Montagu Cave ( 0.058 to 0.2 Ma BP ) and at the Klasies River Mouth ( 0.12 to 0.13 Ma BP ) .

The Cave of Hearths in South Africa has burned deposits dated from 200,000 to 700,000 BP , as do various other sites such as Montagu Cave ( 58,000 to 200,000 BP ) and at the Klasies River Mouth ( 120,000 to 130,000 BP ) .


At Koobi Fora , there are archaeological sites with evidence of control of fire by Homo erectus 1.5 million years ago , with the reddening of sediment that can only come from heating at 200 â '' 400 Â C. There is a hearth-like depression at a site in Olorgesailie , Kenya .

At Koobi Fora , sites FxJjzoE and FxJj50 show evidence of control of fire by Homo erectus at 1.5 Mya , with the reddening of sediment that can only come from heating at 200 â `` 400 Â C. A `` hearth-like depression '' exists at a site in Olorgesailie , Kenya .


The cooking of meat , as can be seen from burned and blackened mammal bones , makes the meats easier to eat . It is also easier to get the nutrition from proteins because the meat itself is easier to digest .

The cooking of meat , as evident from burned and blackened mammal bones , makes the meats easier to eat and easier to attain the nutrition from proteins by making the meat itself easier to digest .


Burnt stones are also found in the `` Awash Valley '' , but volcanic welded tuff is also found in the area .

Burnt stones are also found in the Awash Valley , but volcanic welded tuff is also found in the area .


Some mammals and biting insects avoid fire and smoke .

In addition , some mammals and biting insects avoid fire and smoke .


Another problem was that some seeds and carbohydrate sources are poisonous . Cyanogenic glycosides , which can be found in linseed , cassava , and manioc , amongst others , are made non-poisonous through cooking .

The incorporation of toxins into the seeds and similar carbohydrate sources also affected the diet , as cyanogenic glycosides such as those found in linseed , cassava , and manioc are made non-toxic through cooking .


Richard Wrangham of Harvard University argues that cooking of plant foods may have caused the brain to get bigger , because it made complex carbohydrates in starchy foods easier to digest . This made humans absorb more calories .

Richard Wrangham of Harvard University argues that cooking of plant foods may have triggered brain expansion by allowing complex carbohydrates in starchy foods to become more digestible and in effect allow humans to absorb more calories .


An important change in the behavior of humans happened because of their control of fire and the light that came from the fire .

An important change in the behavior of humans was brought about by the control of fire and its accompanying light .


Instead , the diet was made up of the parts of the plants that were made of simpler sugars and carbohydrates such as seeds , flowers , and fleshy fruits .

Instead , the consumption of plants would be limited to parts that were made of simpler sugars and carbohydrates such as seeds , flowers , and fleshy fruits .


In the Middle Awash River Valley , cone-shaped depressions of reddish clay were found that could be made by temperatures of 200 Â C. These features are thought to be burned tree stumps such that they would have fire away from their habitation site .

In the Middle Awash River Valley , cone-shaped depressions of reddish clay were found that could have been created by temperatures of 200 Â C. These features are thought to be burned tree stumps such that they would have fire away from their habitation site .


The most powerful evidence comes from Kalambo Falls in Zambia where many things related to the use of fire by humans had been found , like charred wood , charcoal , reddened areas , carbonized grass stems and plants , and wooden implements which may have been hardened by fire .

The strongest evidence comes from Kalambo Falls in Zambia where several artifacts related to the use of fire by humans had been recovered including charred logs , charcoal , reddened areas , carbonized grass stems and plants , and wooden implements which may have been hardened by fire .


Hornworts may be found world-wide , growing where it is damp or humid .

Hornworts may be found worldwide , though they tend to grow only in places that are damp or humid .


Hornworts are a group of bryophytes , or non-vascular plants .

Hornworts are a group of bryophytes , or non-vascular plants , comprising the division Anthocerotophyta .


The name refers to the elongated horn-like structure , which is the sporophyte .

The common name refers to the elongated horn-like structure , which is the sporophyte .


Large tropical species of Dendroceros may be found growing on tree bark .

Large tropical and sub-tropical species of Dendroceros may be found growing on the bark of trees .


Cinchona pubescens , the Quinine Tree , is known for because its bark has a lot of quinine . It has similar uses to Cinchona officinalis in making quinine , used for treatment of malaria .

Cinchona pubescens is known for its bark 's high quinine content - and has similar uses to Cinchona officinalis in the production of quinine , most famously used for treatment of malaria ( Kinyuy et al . 1993 ) .


It is native to Costa Rica , Venezuela , Ecuador , Peru and Bolivia .

Its native range spans Costa Rica , Venezuela , Ecuador , Peru and Bolivia .


Wim Jansen ( born 28 October 1946 ) is a former Dutch football player . He has played for Netherlands national team .

Wilhelmus Marinus Anthonius Jansen ( born 28 October 1946 in Rotterdam , Netherlands ) is a Dutch former association football player and manager .


Williams also played for the Utah Jazz from 2005 to 2011 .

Williams was drafted 3rd overall in the 2005 draft by the Utah Jazz , for whom he played before being traded in the middle of his sixth season to the Nets .


Deron Michael Williams ( born June 26 , 1984 in Parkersburg , West Virginia ) is an American basketball point guard who currently plays for the New Jersey Nets of the NBA .

Deron Michael Williams ( born June 26 , 1984 ) , nicknamed D-Will , is an American basketball player currently with the New Jersey Nets of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) .


They were the worldâ s most famous ballet group . Their director Diaghilev asked Ravel to write a ballet for them Ravel took about three years to compose the music for Daphnis et ChloÃ .

Ravel began work with impresario Sergei Diaghilev during 1909 for the ballet Daphnis et ChloÃ commissioned by Diaghilev with the lead danced by the famous ballet dancer and choreographer , Vaslav Nijinsky .


The Syriac population of northern Mesopotamia ( the Tur Abdin , Hakkari , Van , Siirt regions of present-day southeastern Turkey and the Urmia region of northwestern Iran ) was forcibly relocated and massacred by Ottoman ( Turkish ) and Kurdish forces between 1914 and 1920 under the regime of the Young Turks .

The Assyrian population of northern Mesopotamia ( the Tur Abdin , Hakkari , Van , Siirt regions of present-day southeastern Turkey and the Urmia region of northwestern Iran ) was forcibly relocated and massacred by Ottoman ( Turkish ) and Kurdish forces between 1914 and 1920 .


The Syriac Genocide ( also known as Sayfo or Seyfo ) was committed against the Aramaic\/Syriac population of the Ottoman Empire during the First World War by the Young Turks .

The Assyrian Genocide ( also known as Sayfo or Seyfo ) refers to the mass slaughter of the Assyrian\/Chaldean\/Syriac population of the Ottoman Empire during the First World War .


Scholars have placed the number of Syriac victims at 500,000 to 750,000 .

More recent estimates have revised that figure to as between 500,000 and 750,000 .


Young was drafted again on June 5 , by the Montreal Expos in the 6th round ( 148th overall pick ) of the amateur draft .

Young was drafted again on June 5 , 1989 by the Montreal Expos in the 6th round ( 148th overall pick ) of the amateur draft .


Bryan Owen `` Pete '' Young ( born March 19 1968 in Meadville , Mississippi ) is a former right-handed relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Montreal Expos in 1992 and 1993 .

Bryan Owen `` Pete '' Young ( born March 19 , 1968 in Meadville , Mississippi ) is a former right-handed relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Montreal Expos in and .


He only got one win in his career , on July 10 , against the San Diego Padres .

He only got one win in his career , on July 10 , 1993 against the San Diego Padres .


Young made his major league debut on June 5 , with the Expos at age 24 .

Young made his major league debut on June 5 , 1992 with the Expos at age 24 .


Young played his final major league game for the Expos on July 18 , ; on February 18 , , he was purchased along with Matt Stairs by the Boston Red Sox organization , but his career ended that season after not reaching the major league club .

Young played his final major league game for the Expos on July 18 , 1993 ; on February 18 , 1994 , he was purchased along with Matt Stairs by the Boston Red Sox organization , but his career ended that season after not reaching the major league club .


He went to Mississippi State University , where he played college baseball .

He attended Mississippi State University , where he participated in college baseball .


On June 2 , , Young was drafted by the Cincinnati Reds in the 22nd round of the amateur draft , but did not sign to play Minor League Baseball with Cincinnati , deciding to instead attend Mississippi State where he practiced to become a better pitcher .

On June 2 , 1986 , Young was drafted by the Cincinnati Reds in the 22nd round of the amateur draft , but did not sign to play Minor League Baseball with Cincinnati , opting instead to enroll at Mississippi State where he developed as a pitcher .


It is the earliest known relative of the Platypus .

It is the second-earliest known relative of the Platypus .


Steropodon galmanii was a prehistoric species of monotreme , or a egg-laying mammal , that lived during the middle stage , in the Lower Cretaceous period .

Steropodon galmani was a prehistoric species of monotreme , or egg-laying mammal , that lived during the middle Albian stage , in the Lower Cretaceous period .


They are part of the Eastern Carpathians .

They are part of the Eastern Carpathians ( the eastern wing of the great Central Mountain System of Europe ) .


The Baiu Mountains are a group of mountains in the central part of Romania .

The Baiu Mountains ( Romanian : Muntii \/ Muntele Baiu \/ Baiul \/ Baiului ) are mountains in central Romania .


Carvin is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

Carvin is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


For the guitar manufacturer see Carvin Corporation . For the late New Orleans political consultant see Jim Carvin .


It is the third book in Card 's The Tales of Alvin Maker series and is about Alvin Miller , the Seventh son of a seventh son ( this gives him magical powers ) .

It is the third book in Card 's The Tales of Alvin Maker series and is about Alvin Miller , the Seventh son of a seventh son .


After being released from his time with Ta-Kumsaw , an Indian leader who taught Alvin the ways of Indian people , he sets out to start his apprenticeship as a Smith in the town where he was born .

After being released from his time with Ta-Kumsaw , an Indian leader who taught Alvin the ways of Indian people , the young boy sets out to start his apprenticeship as a Smith in the town where he was born .


The story ends with Alvin and Arthur leaving the town and going back to Alvin 's home in the west .

The story ends with Alvin and Arthur leaving the town and returning to Alvin 's home in the west .


Prentice Alvin was considered for the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1989 and the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1990 .

Prentice Alvin won the Locus Award for Best Fantasy Novel in 1990 , was nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1989 , and the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1990 .


Another new friend comes in the form of Miss Peggy Larner , who he later finds out that she is the `` torch '' who helped him to be born so many years ago , and with whom he has been linked to since that day .

Another new friend comes in the form of Miss Margaret Larner , who he later discovers to be the `` torch '' who helped him to be born so many years ago , and with whom he has been strangely linked since that day .


Eventually , Alvin is forced into helping Arthur to escape from some slave-hunters , which requires him to change Arthur 's DNA to prevent the hunters ' knacks ( powers ) from finging him .

Eventually , Alvin is forced into helping Arthur to escape some slave-hunters , something that requires him to slightly change Arthur 's DNA enough to prevent the hunters ' knacks from identifying the runaway child .


Prentice Alvin ( 1989 ) is an alternate history\/fantasy book that was written by Orson Scott Card .

Prentice Alvin ( 1989 ) is an alternate history\/fantasy novel by Orson Scott Card .


While there he meets a young half-black boy by the name of Arthur Stuart , the son of a slave and a slave-owner who has been taken in by the owners of the town 's guesthouse .

While there he meets a young half-black boy by the name of Arthur Stuart , the son of a slave and a slave-owner who has been adopted by the owners of the local guesthouse .


Alvin also creates a plow of living gold , which is bestowed with magic , as his journeyman work to release himself from his apprenticeship as a Smith ( and also as a Maker ) .

Alvin also creates a plow of living gold , which is bestowed with magical properties , as his journeyman piece to release himself from his apprenticeship as a Smith ( and also as a Maker ) .


Swallowtail butterflies are large , colorful butterflies which form the family Papilionidae .

Swallowtail butterflies are large , colorful butterflies that form the family Papilionidae .


There are at least 550 species , and though the majority are tropical , members of the family are found on all continents except Antarctica .

There are over 550 species , and though the majority are tropical , members of the family are found on all continents except Antarctica .


This is a category about all things that are to go with Japanese mythology .


Fernando De Napoli ( born 15 March , 1964 ) is a former Italian football player . He has played for Italy national team .

Fernando de Napoli ( born 15 March 1964 , in Chiusano di San Domenico , Italy ) is an Italian former professional footballer , who played as a winger during the 1980s and 1990s .


Zeus won and sent Typhon to be trapped under Mount Etna .

Typhon was finally defeated by Zeus , who trapped him underneath Mount Etna .


He attempted to destroy Zeus because Zeus imprisoned the Titans .

Typhon attempts to destroy Zeus at the will of Gaia , because Zeus had imprisoned the Titans .


Rice wine is a word some people use to talk about alcoholic drinks .

Rice wine is an alcoholic beverage made from rice .


True wine is made by fermenting grapes , and perhaps other fruit . In rice wine , the starch in the rice is first changed into sugar .

Unlike wine , which is made by fermentation of naturally sweet grapes and other fruit , rice `` wine '' results from the fermentation of rice starch converted to sugars .


Publius Quinctilius Varus ( 46 BC in Cremona , Roman Republic - AD 9 in Germania ) was a Roman politician and general under Emperor Augustus . He is mainly remembered for having lost three Roman legions and his own life when attacked by Germanic leader Arminius in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest .

Publius Quinctilius Varus ( 46 BC in Cremona , Roman Republic - AD 9 in Germania ) was a Roman politician and general under Emperor Augustus , mainly remembered for having lost three Roman legions and his own life when attacked by Germanic leader Arminius in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest .


The city is home town of the Parque Estadual da Vila Velha ( `` State Park of Old Town '' ) , a park made up of rocky formations formed over millions of years .

Ponta Grossa is also home town of the `` Parque Estadual da Vila Velha '' ( State Park of Old Town ) , a park made up of rocky formations formed over millions of years .


Ponta Grossa is a Brazilian city , located in the southern region of the country , in the state of ParanÃ .

Ponta Grossa is a city in the state of ParanÃ , Brazil .


Other attraction of the city is the MÃ 1\/4 nchenfest - A National Stout Festival with national and international concerts that lasts a whole week and occurs at late November and the beginning of December .

Another attraction of the city is the MÃ 1\/4 nchenfest - A National Stout Festival with national and international concerts that lasts a whole week and occurs at late November and the beginning of December .


Usually a libretto is written before the music , but sometimes composers wrote some of the music first and then looked for words to go with it .

The libretto is not always written before the music .


Many of his libretti were set several times by different composers .

His libretti were set many times by many different composers .


Another 18th century librettist was Lorenzo da Ponte , who wrote the libretti for three of Mozart 's greatest operas , as well as for many other composers .

Another noted 18th century librettist was Lorenzo da Ponte , who wrote the libretti for three of Mozart 's greatest operas , as well as for many other composers .


Arrigo Boito , who wrote libretti for , among others , Giuseppe Verdi and Amilcare Ponchielli , composed two operas of his own .

Arrigo Boito , who wrote libretti for , among others , Giuseppe Verdi and Amilcare Ponchielli , also composed two operas of his own .


Musicals usually have lyrics ( the words for the songs ) , and a separate `` book '' ( the spoken dialogue and the stage directions ) .

In the case of musicals , the music , the lyrics , and the `` book '' ( i.e. , the spoken dialogue and the stage directions ) may each have their own author .


Two French writers called Henri Meilhac and Ludovic HalÃ vy wrote a large number of opera and operetta libretti for the composers Jacques Offenbach , Jules Massenet and Georges Bizet .

The French writers ' duo Henri Meilhac and Ludovic HalÃ vy wrote a large number of opera and operetta libretti for the likes of Jacques Offenbach , Jules Massenet and Georges Bizet .


Sometimes these two are by different authors , e.g. the musical Fiddler on the Roof has a composer ( Jerry Bock ) , a lyricist ( Sheldon Harnick ) , and the writer of the `` book '' ( Joseph Stein ) .

Thus , a musical such as Fiddler on the Roof has a composer ( Jerry Bock ) , a lyricist ( Sheldon Harnick ) , and the writer of the `` book '' ( Joseph Stein ) .


Composers , such as Mikhail Glinka , Alexander Serov , Rimsky-Korsakov , Puccini , and Mascagni all did this sometimes .

Some composers , such as Mikhail Glinka , Alexander Serov , Rimsky-Korsakov , Puccini , and Mascagni wrote passages of music without text and subsequently had the librettist add words to the vocal melody lines .


In the 19th century EugÃ ne Scribe wrote a very large number of libretti that were set to music by composers such as Meyerbeer , Auber , Bellini , Donizetti , Rossini and Verdi .

EugÃ ne Scribe was one of the most prolific librettists of the 19th century , providing the words for works by Meyerbeer ( with whom he had a lasting collaboration ) , Auber , Bellini , Donizetti , Rossini and Verdi .


Rivkin got very sad . Rivkin was put in jail .

Rivkin gained recognition with his publication of the Rivkin Report , in which he would advise what stocks to buy and sell , and provide market analysis .


Lichtenberg is the eleventh borough of Berlin , Germany .


Takashi Uemura ( born 2 December 1973 ) is a former Japanese football player .

Takashi Uemura ( ä æ ` å å # `` Uemura Takashi born 2 December 1973 ) is a former Japanese football player .


Saint-And Ã ol-de-Vals is a commune in the ArdÃ che department and RhÃ ne-Alpes region of France .

Saint-And Ã ol-de-Vals is a commune in the ArdÃ che department in the RhÃ ne-Alpes region in southern France .


Liez is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


Sir Walter Scott , 1st Baronet ( 15 August 1771 â `` 21 September 1832 ) was a Scottish novelist and poet .

Sir Walter Scott , 1st Baronet ( 15 August 1771 â `` 21 September 1832 ) was a Scottish historical novelist , playwright , and poet , popular throughout much of the world during his time .


His novels and poetry are still read , and many of his works are thought of as classics .

His novels and poetry are still read , and many of his works remain classics of both English-language literature and of Scottish literature .


Some of his most famous works are : the poem The Lady of the Lake and the novels Ivanhoe , Rob Roy , Waverley , The Heart of Midlothian and The Bride of Lammermoor .

Famous titles include Ivanhoe , Rob Roy , The Lady of The Lake , Waverley , The Heart of Midlothian and The Bride of Lammermoor .


The Principality of Transylvania was a semi-independent state . It was ruled by mostly Calvinist Hungarian princes .

The Principality of Transylvania was a semi-independent state under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire , ruled primarily by Hungarian princes .


The Principality existed as a semi-independent state from 1571 to 1711 .

As a semi-independent state , the Principality existed from 1571 to 1711 .


He is a one time WWF European Champion , two time WWF Intercontinental champion , four time WWF Tag Team champion and the 1994 King of the Ring .

Among other accolades , Hart was a one-time USWA Unified World Heavyweight Champion , two-time WWF Intercontinental Champion , one-time IWGP Junior Heavyweight Champion , one-time WWF European Champion and four-time WWF World Tag Team Champion . He was also the winner of the 1994 WWF King of the Ring .


A kibibyte is a unit of information or computer storage . A kibibyte is 1024 bytes , 1024 kibibytes are a mebibyte .


A kibibyte is 1024 bytes , 1024 kibibytes are a mebibyte .

The binary prefix kibi means 1024 , therefore 1 kibibyte is .


A kibibyte is a unit of information or computer storage .

The kibibyte is a multiple of the unit byte for quantities of digital information .


Bourdenay is a commune of the Aube dÃ partement in the north-central part of France .

Bourdenay is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France .


Dino Sani ( born 23 May , 1932 ) is a former Brazilian football player .

Dino Sani ( born May 23 , 1932 ) is a Brazilian former football player and coach .


Judgment Day ( 2003 ) took place on May 18 2003 at the Charlotte Coliseum in Charlotte , North Carolina .

Judgment Day ( 2003 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) that took place on May 18 , 2003 , at the Charlotte Coliseum in Charlotte , North Carolina .


Bradenton Beach is a city of Florida in the United States .


Indeed , in various municipalities in actual Croatia and Slovenia , census data shows that there are still significant numbers of Italians living in Istria , such as 51 % of the population of GroÅ 3\/4 njan\/Grisignana , 37 % at Brtonigla\/Verteneglio and nearly 30 % in Buje\/Buie .

Anyway , in various municipalities in actual Croatia and Slovenia , census data shows that there are still significant numbers of Italians living in Istria , such as 51 % of the population of GroÅ 3\/4 njan\/Grisignana , 37 % at Brtonigla\/Verteneglio and nearly 30 % in Buje\/Buie .


According to the Italian Census done in 1936 , in the peninsula of Istria there were 294,000 residents : most were Istrian Italians .

So , in the 1936 Census , the peninsula of Istria had 294,000 residents : the majority were Istrian Italians .


In the last two centuries the Istrian Italians , who were the majority of the population of Istria under Napoleon , have been in continuous ethnic fighting with the Slavs of Istria . As a consequence now they are reduced to a small minority , who has survived the Istrian exodus and the Foibe massacres during and after WWII .

Today , as a result of the Istrian exodus , the majority of Istrian Italians live outside of the Istrian peninsula ; however , a significant Italian minority still lives in the Croatian County of Istria and in Slovenian Istria , where they are granted minority rights .


A state of emergency was declared by Civil Defense for Christchurch and the Selwyn District .

Civil Defense also declared a state of emergency for Selwyn District and Waimakariri District .


It was centred 40 km west of Christchurch , near the town of Darfield , at a depth of 10 km .

The earthquake 's epicentre was 40 k west of Christchurch , near the town of Darfield . The hypocentre was at a shallow depth of 10 km .


The 2010 Canterbury earthquake was a powerful 7.1 magnitude earthquake , which struck the South Island of New Zealand at 4:35 am September 4 , 2010 local time ( 16:35 3 September UTC ) .

The 2010 Canterbury earthquake ( also known as the Christchurch earthquake or Darfield earthquake ) was a 7.1 magnitude earthquake , which struck the South Island of New Zealand at 4:35 am on local time ( 16:35 UTC ) .


The main quake was felt widely across the South Island , and in the North Island as far north as New Plymouth .

The initial quake lasted about 40 seconds , and was felt widely across the South Island , and in the North Island as far north as New Plymouth .


Emperor Itoku was the 4th emperor of Japan , according to the traditional order of succession .

Emperor Itoku ; also known as Ooyamatohikosukitomo no Mikoto ; was the 4th emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession .


This name must must have been regularized many centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Itoku .

It is undisputed that this identification is Chinese in form and Buddhist in implication , which suggests that the name must have been regularized centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Itoku , possibly during the time in which legends about the origins of the Yamato dynasty were compiled as the chronicles known today as the Kojiki .


This emperor 's posthumous name literally means `` benign virtue . ''

His posthumous name literally means `` benign virtue '' .


The GukanshÅ records that Itoku was the second or third son of Emperor Annei , but the surviving documents provide no basis for making guesses about why the elder brother or brothers were passed over .

Jien records that Itoku was the second or third son of Emperor Annei , but the surviving documents provide no basis for speculating why the elder brother or brothers were passed over .


Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch , Emperor Kimmei ( 509 ?


The GukanshÅ records that he ruled from the palace of Migario-no-miya at Karu in what will come to be known as Yamato province .

He is traditionally believed to have ruled from the palace of Migario-no-miya at Karu in what will come to be known as Yamato province .


He is seen as one of the best tennis players of all time .

He is considered to be one of the greatest tennis players of all time .


BjÃ rn Borg ( born June 6 , 1956 ) is a retired professional tennis player from Sweden .

BjÃ rn Rune Borg ( ; born 6 June 1956 ) is a former World No. 1 tennis player from Sweden .


Today , the modern languages house and an endowed law professorship at the College of William and Mary are named for him .

Today , the modern languages house and an endowed law professorship at the College of William and Mary are named in his honor .


The collection includes some 3,000 volumes , manuscripts , notebooks and scrapbooks , periodicals , letters ( including conversations with noted writers such as H.L. Mencken , Ellen Glasgow , Sinclair Lewis and Theodore Dreiser ) , newspaper clippings , photographs , criticisms , printed material , publishers ' agreements and statements of sales .

Consisting of some 3,000 volumes , the collection includes manuscripts , notebooks and scrapbooks , periodicals in which Cabell 's essays , reviews and fiction were published , his correspondence with noted writers including H. L. Mencken , Ellen Glasgow , Sinclair Lewis and Theodore Dreiser , correspondence with family , friends , editors and publishers , newspaper clippings , photographs , periodicals , criticisms , printed material , publishers ' agreements and statements of sales .


Priscilla died in March of 1949 . In June 1950 , Cabell married Margaret Waller Freeman .

Priscilla died in March 1949 ; Cabell remarried in June 1950 to Margaret Waller Freeman .


Ellen Glasgow , a writer and close friend of Cabell said that he had a friendship with a professor at the college which some people thought was `` too intimate '' . Because of this , Cabell had to leave the college .

According to his close friend and fellow author Ellen Glasgow , Cabell developed a friendship with a professor at the college which was considered by some to be `` too intimate '' and as a result Cabell was dismissed , although he was subsequently readmitted and finished his degree .


On November 8 , 1913 , he married Priscilla Bradley Shepherd . She was a widow with five children from an earlier marriage .

On November 8 , 1913 , he married Priscilla Bradley Shepherd , a widow with five children by her previous marriage .


In 1970 , Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond named its main campus library `` James Branch Cabell Library '' .

In 1970 , Virginia Commonwealth University , also located in Richmond , named its main campus library `` James Branch Cabell Library '' in his honor .


The VCU undergraduate literary journal at the university is named Poictesme after the fictional province in his book Jurgen .

The VCU undergraduate literary journal at the university is named Poictesme after the fictional province in his novel Jurgen .


In the 1970s , Cabell 's library and personal papers were moved from his home on Monument Avenue to the James Branch Cabell Library .

In the 1970s Cabell 's library and personal papers were moved from his home on Monument Avenue to the James Branch Cabell Library .


Jack Vance 's Dying Earth books show a similar style to Cabell 's writing . Cugel the Clever in those books is very similar to Jurgen .

Jack Vance 's Dying Earth books show considerable stylistic resemblances to Cabell ; Cugel the Clever in those books bears a strong resemblance , not least in his opinion of himself , to Jurgen .


Over the ten years , he wrote many short stories and articles . These were published in well-known magazines including Harper 's Monthly Magazine and the Saturday Evening Post .

In 1902 , seven of his first stories appeared in national magazines and over the next decade he wrote many short stories and articles , contributing to nationally published magazines including Harper 's Monthly Magazine and the Saturday Evening Post , as well as carrying out extensive research on his family 's genealogy .


In 1915 , Priscilla gave birth to a son , Ballard Hartwell Cabell .

In 1915 a son , Ballard Hartwell Cabell , was born .


Cabell died of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1958 in Richmond .


Between 1911 and 1913 , he worked for his uncle in the office of the Branch coal mines in West Virginia .

Between 1911 and 1913 , he was employed by his uncle in the office of the Branch coalmines in West Virginia .


He went to the College of William and Mary in 1894 at the age of fifteen . He graduated in 1898 .

Cabell matriculated to the College of William and Mary in 1894 at the age of fifteen and graduated in 1898 .


During his life , Cabell published fifty-two books . These included novels , genealogy , collections of short stories , poetry , and miscellanea .

During his life , Cabell published fifty-two books , including novels , genealogies , collections of short stories , poetry , and miscellanea .


Many things happened to Cabell in 1901 . His first stories were accepted for publication .

1901 was an eventful year for Cabell : his first stories were accepted for publication , and he was suspected of the murder of John Scott , a wealthy Richmonder .


Cabell was born into a wealthy Virginian family .

Cabell was born into an affluent and well-connected Virginian family , and lived most of his life in Richmond .


His father , Robert Gamble Cabell II ( 1847 â `` 1922 ) , was a physician . His mother , Anne Harris ( 1859 â `` 1915 ) , was the daughter of Col. and Mrs James R. Branch .

His father , Robert Gamble Cabell II ( 1847 -- 1922 ) , was a physician , and his mother , Anne Harris ( 1859 -- 1915 ) , was the daughter of Col. and Mrs James R. Branch .


His eighth book , Jurgen , ( 1919 ) was the most popular .

Cabell 's eighth ( and best-known ) book , Jurgen , A Comedy of Justice ( 1919 ) , was the subject of a celebrated obscenity case shortly after its publication .


His motto is Mundus Vult Decipi . This means ` the world wishes to be deceived ' .

Figures of Earth tells the story of Manuel the swineherd , a scoundrel who rises to conquer a realm by playing on others ' expectations -- his motto Mundus Vult Decipi , meaning `` the world wishes to be deceived '' .


Cabell was the oldest of three boys . His brothers were Robert Gamble Cabell III ( 1881 â `` 1968 ) and John Lottier Cabell ( 1883 â `` 1946 ) .

James was the oldest of three boys -- his brothers were Robert Gamble Cabell III ( 1881 -- 1968 ) and John Lottier Cabell ( 1883 -- 1946 ) .


Fritz Leiber 's Swords of Lankhmar was also affected by Jurgen .

Fritz Leiber 's Swords of Lankhmar was also influenced by Jurgen .


Cabell worked from 1898 to 1900 as a newspaper reporter in New York City . He returned to Richmond in 1901 .

Following his graduation , he worked from 1898 to 1900 as a newspaper reporter in New York City , but returned to Richmond in 1901 , where he worked several months on the staff of the Richmond News .


There was a rumor that Scott was `` involved '' with Cabell 's mother .

It was rumored that Scott was `` involved '' with Cabell 's mother .


Cabell 's great-grandfather , William H. Cabell , was Governor of Virginia from 1805 to 1808 .

Cabell 's paternal great-grandfather , William H. Cabell , was governor of Virginia from 1805 to 1808 .


Everywhere he goes , he seduces the local women , even the Devil 's wife .

Everywhere he goes , he winds up seducing the local women , even the Devil 's wife .


Nurieux-Volognat is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France .


Brindisi is a province in the region of Apulia in Italy .

The Province of Brindisi is a province in the Apulia region of Italy .


Tyrus Raymond `` Ty '' Cobb ( December 18 , 1886 â `` July 17 , 1961 ) , also known as `` The Georgia Peach , '' was a Major League Baseball player .

Tyrus Raymond `` Ty '' Cobb ( December 18 , 1886 â `` July 17 , 1961 ) , nicknamed `` The Georgia Peach , '' was an American Major League Baseball outfielder .


The British Rail Class 357 `` Electrostar '' alternating current ( AC ) electric multiple units ( EMU ) were built by ADtranz , Derby ( now owned by Bombardier Transportation ) from 1999 to 2002 at a cost of approximately Â # 350 million .

The British Rail Class 357 `` Electrostar '' alternating current ( AC ) electric multiple units ( EMUs ) were built by ADtranz ( now owned by Bombardier Transportation ) at their Litchurch Lane Works in Derby , England , in two batches from 1999 to 2002 at a cost of approximately Â # 292 million .


The Electrostar family also includes Classes 375 , 376 , 377 and 378 , and is the most numerous type of EMU built in the post-privatisation period of Britain 's railways .

They were the first member of the Electrostar family , which also includes Classes 375 , 376 , 377 and 378 , and is the most numerous type of EMU built in the post-privatisation period of Britain 's railways .


The Caledonian Sleeper are transferred to ScotRail , now First ScotRail .

The Caledonian Sleeper service was transferred to ScotRail , now First ScotRail .


Ryo Okatani ( born 13 January , 1981 ) is a Japanese football player .

Ryo Okatani ( born 13 January 1981 ) is a former Japanese football player .


It was originally entitled Ivan Susanin .


Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka ( 1804-1857 ) was a Russian composer , regarded as the first to become very famous .

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka ( - ) , was the first Russian composer to gain wide recognition within his own country , and is often regarded as the father of Russian classical music .


Glinka went back to Russia . He wrote two great operas .

A Life for the Tsar was the first of Glinka 's two great operas .


The story of the opera , set in 1612 , is about a poor peasant Ivan Susanin who dies to save the life of the Tsar ( the Tsar was the ruler of Russia , like a king or emperor ) .

Set in 1612 , it tells the story of the Russian peasant and patriotic hero Ivan Susanin who sacrifices his life for the Tsar by leading astray a group of marauding Poles who were hunting him . The Tsar himself followed the workâ s progress with interest and suggested the change in the title .


Glinka also wrote piano music , songs and chamber music .

Glinka also composed many art songs , many piano pieces , and some chamber music .


Cousteau attended CollÃ ge Stanislas in Paris .

Cousteau completed his preparatory studies at the prestigious CollÃ ge Stanislas in Paris .


Despite rumors , encouraged by some Islamic publications and websites , Cousteau did not convert to Islam , and when he died he was buried in a Roman Catholic Christian funeral .

Despite persistent rumors , encouraged by some Islamic publications and websites , Cousteau did not convert to Islam , and when he died he was buried in a Roman Catholic Christian funeral .


He helped create the aqua-lung , helped marine conservation and was a member of the AcadÃ mie franÃ aise .

He co-developed the aqua-lung , pioneered marine conservation and was a member of the AcadÃ mie franÃ aise .


Jacques-Yves Cousteau known as Jacques Cousteau ( born 11 June 1910 ; died in 25 June 1997 ) was a French naval officer , explorer , ecologist , filmmaker , innovator , scientist , photographer , author and researcher who studied the sea and all forms of life in water .

Jacques-Yves Cousteau ( ; commonly known in English as Jacques Cousteau ; 11 June 1910 â `` 25 June 1997 ) was a French naval officer , explorer , ecologist , filmmaker , innovator , scientist , photographer , author and researcher who studied the sea and all forms of life in water .


After an automobile accident cut short his career in naval aviation , Cousteau changed to studying the sea .

After an automobile accident cut short his career in naval aviation , Cousteau indulged his interest in the sea .


In Toulon , where he was serving on the Condorcet , Cousteau carried out his first underwater experiments , thanks to his friend Philippe Tailliez who in 1936 lent him some Fernez underwater goggles .

In Toulon , where he was serving on the Condorcet , Cousteau carried out his first underwater experiments , thanks to his friend Philippe Tailliez who in 1936 lent him some Fernez underwater goggles , predecessors of modern diving masks .


A street was named `` rue du Commandant Cousteau '' in a street which runs near his native house , where a commemorative plaque was affixed .

An homage was paid to him by the city by the inauguration of a `` rue du Commandant Cousteau '' , a street which runs out to his native house , where a commemorative plaque was affixed .


Aria Jasuru Hasegawa ( born 29 October 1988 ) is a Japanese football player .

Aria Jasuru Hasegawa ( , , born October 29 , 1988 in Kawasaki , Kanagawa , Japan ) is an Iranian-Japanese football player from Saitama , Saitama who is the son of an Iranian father and a Japanese mother .


Tim Swinson born 17 February , 1987 in London , England is a rugby union player for the Newcastle Falcons in the Guinness Premiership .

Tim Swinson ( born 17 February 1987 in London , England ) is a rugby union player for the Newcastle Falcons in the English Premiership .


In 2004 , while pregnant with her daughter , Bellucci posed nude for the Italian `` Vanity Fair '' Magazine in protest against Italian laws that allow only married couples to use in-vitro fertilization and that prevent the use of donor sperm .

In 2004 , while pregnant with Deva , Bellucci posed nude for the Italian Vanity Fair Magazine in protest against Italian laws that prevent the use of donor sperm .


Bellucci started modelling at 16 , when she was attending the Liceo classico .


Monica Belllucci ( born on September 30 , 1964 in CittÃ di Castello , Umbria , Italy ) is an Italian actress . She is the daughter of Maria Gustinelli , a painter , and Luigi Bellucci , who owned a trucking company .

Bellucci was born in CittÃ di Castello , Umbria , Italy as the only child of Luigi Bellucci , who owned a trucking company , and Maria Gustinelli , a painter .


She speaks Italian , French , and English fluently and has acted in each of these languages , as well as Aramaic .

She speaks Italian , French , and English fluently , Spanish semi-fluently , and she has had speaking roles in each of these languages as well as in Aramaic for her part as Mary Magdalene in The Passion of the Christ .


Bellucci is married to Vincent Cassel and has a daughter named Deva , ( born September 12 , 2004 ) .

She is currently married to actor Vincent Cassel , with whom she has appeared in several films . They have two daughters , Deva ( born 12 September 2004 ) and LÃ onie ( born 21 May 2010 ) .


In the United States the most important art history organization is the College Art Association .


A floor plan ( floorplan ) in architecture and building engineering is a diagram , usually to scale , of the relationships between rooms , spaces and other physical features at one level of a structure .

In architecture and building engineering , a floor plan , or floorplan , is a diagram , usually to scale , showing a view from above of the relationships between rooms , spaces and other physical features at one level of a structure .


An electrical unit called the ampere is named after him .

The SI unit of measurement of electric current , the ampere , is named after him .


AndrÃ - Marie AmpÃ re ( January 20 , 1775 â `` June 10 , 1836 ) was a French physicist and mathematician who helped discover electromagnetism .

AndrÃ - Marie AmpÃ re ( 20 January 1775 â `` 10 June 1836 ) was a French physicist and mathematician who is generally regarded as one of the main discoverers of electromagnetism .


Ampere is most known for establishing the relationship between electricity and magnetism , and combining them into a new field called electromagnetism , or electrodynamics .

AmpÃ re 's fame mainly rests on his establishing the relations between electricity and magnetism , and in developing the science of electromagnetism , or , as he called it , electrodynamics .


On the same day , he also discovered that parallel wires carrying currents attract or repel each other .

On the same day , AmpÃ re also demonstrated before the Academy that parallel wires carrying currents attract or repel each other , depending on whether currents are in the same ( attraction ) or in opposite directions ( repulsion ) .


On September 11 , 1820 , Ampere heard from the discovery of H.C. Orsted that a magnetic needle can be activated by a voltaic current .

On 11 September 1820 he heard of H. C. Ã rsted 's discovery that a magnetic needle is acted on by a voltaic current .


Teresa Stratas is a Canadian soprano opera singer . She was born on May 26 , 1938 , in Toronto , Ontario , which is in Canada .

Teresa Stratas , OC ( born May 26 , 1938 , Toronto , Ontario ) , is a retired Canadian operatic soprano .


Nicola Legrottaglie ( born 20 October 1976 ) is an Italy football player .

Nicola Legrottaglie ( born 20 October 1976 ) is an Italian footballer who plays for A.C. Milan as a central defender .


Alchevsk is a town in the Luhansk Oblast of south-eastern Ukraine .

Alchevsk ( , translit . Alchevs ` k , ) is a town in the Luhansk Oblast ( province ) of south-eastern Ukraine .


It is 145 miles ( 233 km ) from London , 18 miles ( 29 km ) from Sheffield and 54 miles ( 87 km ) from Manchester .

It is 145 miles ( 233 km ) from London , 18 miles ( 29 km ) from Sheffield , 26 miles ( 42 km ) from Nottingham and 54 miles ( 87 km ) from Manchester .


Bolsover is a town near Chesterfield in England .

Bolsover ( pronounced by locals as `` BowZer '' ) is a town in Derbyshire , England , near Chesterfield .


Bolsover is mentioned in Domesday Book , where it is described as the property of William Peverel ( or `` Peveril '' ) .

Bolsover is mentioned in Domesday Book , named as Belesovre , where it is described as the property of William Peverel ( or `` Peveril '' ) .


The description refers to the villans , the ploughs , 8 acres of meadow , and woodland pasture , which is given as two leagues by a league .

The description refers to the villans , the ploughs , 8 a of meadow , and woodland pasture , which is given as two leagues by a league .


The district of Bolsover is notable for three sites of historical importance : Bolsover Castle , the cave art at Creswell Crags and the houses of Creswell Model Village .

The district of Bolsover is notable for three sites of historical importance : Bolsover Castle , Creswell Crags ( home to Britain 's only known Palaeolithic cave art ) and Creswell Model Village , an example of early twentieth century design from the Model village movement .


The Bibi-Khanym Mosque remains one of the city 's most famous landmarks .

The Bibi-Khanym Mosque remains one of the city 's most notable landmarks .


In the 14th century , it became the capital of the empire of Timur ( Tamerlane ) , and is the site of his mausoleum , the Gur-e Amir .

In the 14th century , it became the capital of the empire of Timur ( Tamerlane ) , and is the site of his mausoleum ( the Gur-e Amir ) .


Founded circa 700 BC by the Persians , Samarkand has been one of the main centres of Persian civilization from its early days .

Founded circa 700 BC by the Sogdians , Samarkand has been one of the main centres of Iranian civilization from its early days .


Under Abbasid rule , the legend goes , the secret of papermaking was obtained from two Chinese prisoners in 751 . This led to the first paper mill in the Islamic world being founded in Samarkand .

Under Abbasid rule , the legend goes , the secret of papermaking was obtained from two Chinese prisoners from the Battle of Talas in 751 , which led to the first paper mill in the Islamic world being founded in Samarkand .


Timur gained a reputation as a patron of the arts , and Samarkand grew to have a population of about 150,000 .

Timur gained a reputation as a patron of the arts and Samarkand grew to become the center of the region of Transoxiana . During this time the city had a population of about 150,000 .


The city later became the capital of the Samarkand Oblast of Russian Turkestan and grew in importance still further when the Trans-Caspian railway reached the city in 1888 .

In 1886 the city became the capital of the newly formed Samarkand Oblast of Russian Turkestan and grew in importance still further when the Trans-Caspian railway reached the city in 1888 .


In The Travels of Marco Polo , where Polo records his journey along the Silk Road , Samarkand is described as a `` a very large and splendid city ... '' He also writes about a Christian church in Samarkand , which miraculously remained standing after a portion of its central supporting column was removed .

In The Travels of Marco Polo , where Polo records his journey along the Silk Road , Samarkand is described as a `` a very large and splendid city ... '' Here also is related the story of a Christian church in Samarkand , which miraculously remained standing after a portion of its central supporting column was removed .


The city is on the old Silk Road between China and the West , and is an Islamic center for scholarly study .

The city is most noted for its central position on the Silk Road between China and the West , and for being an Islamic center for scholarly study .


In 2001 , UNESCO added the 2,750-year-old city to its World Heritage Site list as Samarkand â `` Crossroads of Cultures .

In 2001 , UNESCO added the city to its World Heritage List as Samarkand â `` Crossroads of Cultures .


In 1370 , Timur the Lame , or Tamerlane , decided to make Samarkand the capital of his empire , which extended from India to Turkey .

In 1370 , Timur the Lame , decided to make Samarkand the capital of his empire , which extended from India to Turkey .


The community is named after postmaster , Frank W. Slocomb .

The community is named after postmaster Frank W. Slocomb .


Noreuil is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

Noreuil is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


The ancient Thracians were a group of Indo-European tribes who spoke the Thracian language - a rare branch of the Indo-European language family .

The ancient Thracians were a group of Indo-European tribes inhabiting areas in Southeastern Europe . They spoke the Thracian language â `` a scarcely attested branch of the Indo-European language family .


At the Kokiri Forest , the Great Deku Tree asks the fairy Navi to tell Link to come to him . When Link arrives , he learns that the Great Deku Tree is dying because of a curse placed on him by an evil man .

Navi brings Link to the guardian of Link 's village , the Great Deku Tree , who is cursed and near death .


She tells Link that the man is Ganondorf .

Link attempts to stop Ganondorf but is knocked to the ground by a bolt of energy . Ganondorf admires Link 's courage , but warns him not to interfere with his plans .


Before the Great Deku Tree dies , he gives Link the Kokiri Emerald , a magic stone , and tells him that it was a man in black armor who put the curse on him . He also tells Link that he needs to go to Princess Zelda of Hyrule at Hyrule Castle .

Before dying , the Great Deku Tree gives Link the spiritual stone of the forest , the Kokiri 's Emerald , and sends him to Hyrule Castle to speak with the princess of destiny , Zelda .


It is located in the region Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France .

Mirabeau is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur region in southeastern France .


Harghita County has an area of 6,639 square kilometers .

Harghita County has a total area of 6,639 kmÂ .


He was one of the first foreigners to visit Hiroshima after the atomic bomb was dropped , and wrote his thoughts in his book Warrior without Weapons .

An account of his experiences , which included being one of the first foreigners to visit Hiroshima after the atomic bomb was dropped , can be found in the book Warrior without Weapons .


Since 1993 , non-Swiss citizens have been allowed to serve as Committee delegates abroad , a task which was previously restricted to Swiss citizens .

Since 1993 , non-Swiss individuals have been allowed to serve as Committee delegates abroad , a task which was previously restricted to Swiss citizens .


The exact rules are in the statutes of the Movement .

The exact rules for recognition are defined in the statutes of the Movement .


The Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 showed that even National Red Cross Societies can be biased and not maintain neutral humanitarianism .

The Franco-Prussian War of 1870 â `` 71 showed that even Red Cross actors ( in this case National Societies ) can be so bound by nationalism that they are unable to sustain neutral humanitarianism .


The movement had grown beyond Europe and North America to Central and South America ( Argentina , Brazil , Chile , Cuba , Mexico , Peru , El Salvador , Uruguay , Venezuela ) , Asia ( the Republic of China , Japan , Korea , Siam ) , and Africa ( Republic of South Africa ) .

The movement had extended itself beyond Europe and North America to Central and South America ( Argentina , Brazil , Chile , Cuba , Mexico , Peru , El Salvador , Uruguay , Venezuela ) , Asia ( the Republic of China , Japan , Korea , Siam ) , and Africa ( Republic of South Africa ) .


The Agency also arranged for about 200,000 prisoners to be released and returned to their home country .

Furthermore , due to the intervention of the Agency , about 200,000 prisoners were exchanged between the warring parties , released from captivity and returned to their home country .


It broke its usual silence when it denounced the Rwandan Genocide in 1994 , and again in 1995 about the crimes that happened in and around Srebrenica when it said , `` We must acknowledge that despite our efforts to help thousands of civilians forcibly expelled from the town and despite the dedication of our colleagues on the spot , the ICRC 's impact on the unfolding of the tragedy was extremely limited . ''

It broke its customary media silence when it denounced the Rwandan Genocide in 1994 . It struggled to prevent the crimes that happened in and around Srebrenica in 1995 but admitted , `` We must acknowledge that despite our efforts to help thousands of civilians forcibly expelled from the town and despite the dedication of our colleagues on the spot , the ICRC 's impact on the unfolding of the tragedy was extremely limited . ''


Since 2000 , the president of the ICRC has been Jakob Kellenberger . Kellenberger does not make many public appearances or statements but is good at personal negotiation promoting the ICRC privately .

Since 2000 , the president of the ICRC has been Jakob Kellenberger , a reclusive man who rarely makes diplomatic appearances but who is skilled in personal negotiation and comfortable with the dynamics of the Assembly .


The ICRC headquarters are in Geneva , Switzerland . It has other offices , called Delegations , in about 80 countries .

The ICRC is headquartered in the Swiss city of Geneva and has external offices called Delegations in about 80 countries .


The International Committee of the Red Cross ( ICRC ) is a private humanitarian organization based in Geneva , Switzerland .

The International Committee of the Red Cross ( ICRC ) is a private humanitarian institution based in Geneva , Switzerland .


The Directorate consists of a Director-General and five directors in the areas of `` Operations '' , `` Human Resources '' , `` Resources and Operational Support '' , `` Communication '' , and `` International Law and Cooperation within the Movement '' .

The Directorate consists of a Director-General and five directors in the areas of `` Operations '' , `` Human Resources '' , `` Financial Resources and Logistics '' , `` Communication and Information Management '' , and `` International Law and Cooperation within the Movement '' .


Together with Australia , Canada , Japan , and New Zealand , they contribute about 80-85 % of the ICRC 's budget .

Together with Australia , Canada , Japan , and New Zealand , they contribute about 80 â `` 85 % of the ICRC 's budget .


On 15 October 1914 , immediately after the start of the war , the ICRC set up its International Prisoners-of-War ( POW ) Agency .

On October 15 , 1914 , immediately after the start of the war , the ICRC set up its International Prisoners-of-War ( POW ) Agency , which had about 1,200 mostly volunteer staff members by the end of 1914 .


The Geneva Society for Public Welfare set up a committee to try to organise an international conference about Dunant 's idea . The `` Committee of the Five '' met on 9 February 1863 , the members were :

On February 9 , 1863 in Geneva , Henry Dunant founded the `` Committee of the Five '' ( together with four other leading figures from well-known Geneva families ) as an investigatory commission of the Geneva Society for Public Welfare .


The Agency collected about 7 million records from 1914 to 1923 about prisoners or missing people .

The organizational card index of the Agency accumulated about 7 million records from 1914 to 1923 , each card representing an individual prisoner or missing person .


When the first Nobel Peace Prize was awarded in 1901 , the Norwegian Nobel Committee opted to give it to Henry Dunant and FrÃ dÃ ric Passy , a leading campaigner against war .

When the first Nobel Peace Prize was awarded in 1901 , the Norwegian Nobel Committee opted to give it jointly to Henry Dunant and FrÃ dÃ ric Passy , a leading international pacifist .


The President automatically becomes a member of the assembly and the ICRC once he is appointed , but he does not necessarily come from within the ICRC organization .

The President automatically becomes a member of the aforementioned groups once he is appointed , but he does not necessarily come from within the ICRC organization .


Another example of great humanitarian spirit was Friedrich Born ( 1903-1963 ) , an ICRC delegate in Budapest who saved the lives of about 11,000 to 15,000 Jewish people in Hungary .

Another example of great humanitarian spirit was Friedrich Born ( 1903 â `` 1963 ) , an ICRC delegate in Budapest who saved the lives of about 11,000 to 15,000 Jews in Hungary .


On 8 June 1977 extra article `` protocols '' were added to make the conventions apply to internal conflicts such as civil wars .

Also , the additional protocols of June 8 , 1977 were intended to make the conventions apply to internal conflicts such as civil wars .


The Red Cross quickly became an internationally respected movement , and the national societies became increasingly popular as a venue for volunteer work .

In a rather short period of time , the Red Cross gained huge momentum as an internationally respected movement , and the national societies became increasingly popular as a venue for volunteer work .


An agreement with the Swiss government signed on 19 March 1993 , affirmed the already long-standing policy of full independence of the Committee from any interference by Switzerland .

An agreement with the Swiss government signed on March 19 , 1993 , affirmed the already long-standing policy of full independence of the Committee from any possible interference by Switzerland .


Only two months earlier his former friend and committee member Gustave Moynier had also died .

Only two months earlier his long-standing adversary Gustave Moynier had also died , leaving a mark in the history of the Committee as its longest-serving president ever .


On 16 October 1990 , the UN General Assembly gave the ICRC observer status for its assembly sessions and sub-committee meetings , the first observer status given to a private organization .

On October 16 , 1990 , the UN General Assembly decided to grant the ICRC observer status for its assembly sessions and sub-committee meetings , the first observer status given to a private organization .


The Central Information Agency on Prisoners-of-War ( Zentralauskunftsstelle fÃ 1\/4 r Kriegsgefangene ) had a staff of 3,000 , the card index tracking prisoners contained 45 million cards ( more than 6 times as many as world war 1 ) , and 120 million messages were exchanged by the Agency .

The Central Information Agency on Prisoners-of-War ( Zentralauskunftsstelle fÃ 1\/4 r Kriegsgefangene ) had a staff of 3,000 , the card index tracking prisoners contained 45 million cards , and 120 million messages were exchanged by the Agency .


On 12 August 1949 , the existing two Geneva Conventions were changed , and the Hague Convention about casualties at sea was brought into the Geneva Convention `` family '' .

On August 12 , 1949 , further revisions to the existing two Geneva Conventions were adopted .


It is the oldest organization within the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and one of the most widely recognized organizations in the world . It is also the most honored , The ICRC has won three Nobel Peace Prizes ; in 1917 , 1944 , and 1963 .

It is the oldest and most honored organization within the Movement and one of the most widely recognized organizations in the world , having won three Nobel Peace Prizes in 1917 , 1944 , and 1963 .


The international staff are assisted by some 13,000 national employees , so about 15,000 people work for the ICRC .

In the delegations , the international staff are assisted by some 13,000 national employees , bringing the total staff under the authority of the ICRC to roughly 15,000 .


The International Committee of the Red Cross officially congratulated Dunant and was a tribute to his key role in the formation of the Red Cross .

More significant than the honor of the prize itself , the official congratulation from the International Committee of the Red Cross marked the overdue rehabilitation of Henry Dunant and represented a tribute to his key role in the formation of the Red Cross .


he published it with his own money in 1862 , and sent copies of the book to leading political and military figures throughout Europe .

He sent copies of the book to leading political and military figures throughout Europe .


In February 2007 , he was appointed by the Assembly to another four-year term which will run until the end of 2011 .

In February 2007 , he was appointed by the Assembly to another four-year term which , will run until the end of 2011 .


The Fourth Geneva Convention , about the `` Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War , '' was established .

Reacting to the experience of World War II , the Fourth Geneva Convention , a new Convention `` relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War , '' was established .


The Council is also responsible for organizing the Assembly meetings and for helping communication between the Assembly and the Directorate .

The Council is also responsible for organizing the Assembly meetings and for facilitating communication between the Assembly and the Directorate .


The 2005 budget of the ICRC was about 970 million Swiss francs .

The 2010 budget of the ICRC amounts to about 1156 million Swiss francs .


Currently Jacques Forster and Olivier Vodoz are vice presidents .

Currently Olivier Vodoz and Christine Beerli are vice presidents .


In 1876 , the committee changed its name to the `` International Committee of the Red Cross '' ( ICRC ) , which is still its official name today .

In 1876 , the committee adopted the name `` International Committee of the Red Cross '' ( ICRC ) , which is still its official designation today .


On 22 August 1864 , the conference adopted the first Geneva Convention `` for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field '' .

On August 22 , 1864 , the conference adopted the first Geneva Convention `` for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field '' .


After November 1943 , the ICRC could send parcels to concentration camp detainees with known names and locations .

After November 1943 , the ICRC achieved permission to send parcels to concentration camp detainees with known names and locations .


The complete index of 7 million cards is on loan from the ICRC to the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Museum in Geneva .

The complete index is on loan today from the ICRC to the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Museum in Geneva .


Dunant also called for international treaties to guarantee the neutrality and protection for the wounded and for medics and field hospitals .

In addition , he called for the development of international treaties to guarantee the neutrality and protection of those wounded on the battlefield as well as medics and field hospitals .


Ten delegates , among them Louis Haefliger ( Camp Mauthausen ) , Paul Dunant ( Camp Theresienstadt ) and Victor Maurer ( Camp Dachau ) , visited the camps .

Ten delegates , among them Louis Haefliger ( Mauthausen Camp ) , Paul Dunant ( Theresienstadt Camp ) and Victor Maurer ( Dachau Camp ) , accepted the assignment and visited the camps .


The ICRC had to stop complaining about the treatment of detainees in concentration camps in case the ICRC was stopped from working for POWs .

During the war , the ICRC failed to obtain an agreement with Nazi Germany about the treatment of detainees in concentration camps , and it eventually abandoned applying pressure to avoid disrupting its work with POWs . The ICRC also failed to develop a response to reliable information about the extermination camps and the mass killing of European Jews .


Because Geneva is in the French-speaking part of Switzerland , the ICRC is also known under its French name ComitÃ international de la Croix-Rouge ( CICR ) .

Due to Geneva 's location in the French-speaking part of Switzerland , the ICRC is also known under its initial French name ComitÃ international de la Croix-Rouge ( CICR ) .


By the start of the First World War in 1914 , there were 45 national relief societies throughout the world .

Shortly before the beginning of the First World War in 1914 , 50 years after the foundation of the ICRC and the adoption of the first Geneva Convention , there were already 45 national relief societies throughout the world .


The card index helped to identify about 2 million POWs and to contact their families .

The card index led to the identification of about 2 million POWs and the ability to contact their families .


By the end of the war , the Agency had sent about 20 million letters and messages , 1.9 million parcels , and about 18 million Swiss francs to POWs of all affected countries .

By the end of the war , the Agency had transferred about 20 million letters and messages , 1.9 million parcels , and about 18 million Swiss francs in monetary donations to POWs of all affected countries .


The first national societies were founded in Belgium , Denmark , France , Oldenburg , Prussia , Spain , and WÃ 1\/4 rttemberg .

Directly following the establishment of the Geneva Convention , the first national societies were founded in Belgium , Denmark , France , Oldenburg , Prussia , Spain , and WÃ 1\/4 rttemberg .


The ICRC has a special job , based on the Geneva Conventions as well as other international law , to protect the victims of international and internal armed conflicts .

The International Committee of the Red Cross ( ICRC ) is a private humanitarian institution based in Geneva , Switzerland . States parties ( signatories ) to the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols of 1977 and 2005 , have given the ICRC a mandate to protect the victims of international and internal armed conflicts .


This includes people hurt in war , prisoners , refugees , civilians , and other non-combatants .

Such victims include war wounded , prisoners , refugees , civilians , and other non-combatants .


The right to access the index is still strictly restricted to the ICRC .


Because the notices of receipt for these parcels were often signed by other inmates , the ICRC managed to register the identities of about 105,000 detainees in the concentration camps and delivered about 1.1 million parcels , mostly to the camps Dachau , Buchenwald , RavensbrÃ 1\/4 ck , and Sachsenhausen .

Because the notices of receipt for these parcels were often signed by other inmates , the ICRC managed to register the identities of about 105,000 detainees in the concentration camps and delivered about 1.1 million parcels , primarily to the camps Dachau , Buchenwald , RavensbrÃ 1\/4 ck , and Sachsenhausen .


On 12 March 1945 , ICRC president Jacob Burckhardt was told by SS General Ernst Kaltenbrunner that the ICRC 's delegates could visit the concentration camps , but the delegates would have to stay in the camps until the end of the war .

On March 12 , 1945 , ICRC president Jacob Burckhardt received a message from SS General Ernst Kaltenbrunner accepting the ICRC 's demand to allow delegates to visit the concentration camps . This agreement was bound by the condition that these delegates would have to stay in the camps until the end of the war .


Marcel Junod ( 1904-1961 ) , a doctor from Geneva , was another famous delegate during the Second World War .

Marcel Junod ( 1904 â `` 1961 ) , a physician from Geneva , was another famous delegate during the Second World War .


Louis Haefliger told American troops about the forceful eviction or blasting of Mauthausen-Gusen and saved the lives of about 60,000 inmates .

Louis Haefliger prevented the forceful eviction or blasting of Mauthausen-Gusen by alerting American troops , thereby saving the lives of about 60,000 inmates .


However , the ICRC has six official languages , including Arabic .

However , the ICRC has four official languages ( Arabic , English , French and Spanish ) .


The book was first a novelette that came out in the August 1977 issue of Analog Science Fiction and Fact .

The book originated as the short story `` Ender 's Game '' , published in the August 1977 issue of Analog Science Fiction and Fact .


The book takes place around the year 2135 , and its sequels Speaker for the Dead , Xenocide , Children of the Mind , A War of Gifts , and Ender in Exile : Ganges follow Ender to different planets as he travels far into the future .

Its sequels , Speaker for the Dead , Xenocide , Children of the Mind , and Ender in Exile , follow Ender 's subsequent travels to many different worlds in the galaxy . Also the subsequent book , A War of Gifts takes place during the same time period as the original .


Ender 's Game won the Hugo Award for best novel in 1986 and the Nebula Award for best novel in 1985 .

Ender 's Game won the 1985 Nebula Award for best novel and the 1986 Hugo Award for best novel .