A cleft stick was similar to a scold 's bride , but they were easier to make . The ducking stool was taken to the U.S. when British people went to live there during colonial times .

In the United States , scolds or those convicted of similar offences could be sentenced to stand with their tongue in cleft stick , a more primitive but easier to construct version of the scold 's bridle , but the ducking stool also made the trip across the Atlantic .


The common law included the offence of being a common scold .

The English Common law as received by the law of the United States included the offence of being a common scold .


The Latin language name for this type of woman was communis rixatrix .

The Latin name for the offender , communis rixatrix , appears in the feminine gender , and makes it clear that only women could commit this crime .


The cucking stool , according to Blackstone , later was called a ducking stool .

The cucking stool , according to Blackstone , eventually became known as a ducking stool by folk etymology .


The lawyers in Sykes v. Director of Public Prosecutions ( 1962 ) AC 528 , described the offence as `` obsolete '' . Section 13 ( 1 ) ( a ) of the Criminal Law Act 1967 did away with it .

Counsel in Sykes v. Director of Public Prosecutions ( 1962 ) AC 528 described the offence as `` obsolete '' , and section 13 ( 1 ) ( a ) of the Criminal Law Act 1967 eventually abolished it .


This type of chair was used to punish not only common scolds , but also people who make beer ( brewers ) and bakers who sold bad beer or bread .

This seat served to punish not only scolds , but also brewers and bakers who sold bad ale or bread , whereas the ducking stool dunked its victim into the water .


None of these laws have any punishment similar to those traditionally used for the common scold .

None of these laws carry the distinctive punishment reserved for the common scold .


Other writers disagree with Blackstone .

Other writers disagree with Blackstone 's assertion equating the two sorts of punishment seat .


It was known in Scotland as a brank . A scold 's bridle was a metal mask that locked around a person 's head .

A scold 's bridle , known in Scotland as a brank , consists of a locking metal mask or head cage that contains a tab that fits in the mouth to inhibit talking .


The last written record of stools being used for ducking involved a Mrs. Ganble at Plymouth in 1808 , and one Jenny Pipes from Leominster ( a town in Herefordshire ) in 1809 .

The last recorded uses of the stool for ducking involve a Mrs. Ganble at Plymouth ( 1808 ) and Jenny Pipes , a notorious scold from Leominster ( 1809 ) .


In the Percy Anecdotes , published in 1820 , the authors state that `` How long the ducking-stool has been in disuse in England does not appear . ''

In the Percy Anecdotes , published pseudonymously in 1820 , the authors state that `` How long the ducking-stool has been in disuse in England does not appear . ''


A piece of writing mounted on the Fye Bridge in Norwich , England says it marks the place where a `` cucking '' stool had been in place from 1562 â `` 1597 . It also says that `` strumpets '' ( prostitutes ) and common scolds were ducked there .

A plaque on the Fye Bridge in Norwich , England claims to mark the site of a `` cucking '' stool , and that from 1562 â `` 1597 `` strumpets '' and common scolds suffered the punishment of dunking there .


In 1829 , a Philadelphia , Pennsylvania court found American writer and journalist Anne Royall guilty of being a common scold .

In 1829 , a Philadelphia , Pennsylvania court found the American anti-clerical writer Anne Royall guilty of being a common scold , the outcome of a campaign launched against her by local clergymen .


The New Jersey Superior Court ruled that the law was improper because of it was too vague .

The New Jersey Superior Court ruled the law was void because of its vagueness .


Lord Chief Justice John Holt ( the person trying to have the judge find Foxby guilty ) said this was not correct . He said that it was `` better ducking in aTrinity , than a Michaelmas term '' , meaning it was better that a person be ducked in summer than in winter .

Lord Chief Justice John Holt of the Queen 's Bench apparently pronounced this error , for he announced that it was `` better ducking in a Trinity , than a Michaelmas term '' , i.e. better carried out in summer than in winter .


The offence of being a common scold has also become obsolete in the United States because only women could commit it . This was found to violate the U.S. Constitution 's Equal Protection Clause .

The offence of being a common scold has become obsolete in the state of New Jersey because only women could commit it , contrary to current interpretations of the Equal Protection Clause .


Tortequesne is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

Tortequesne is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


Laurens is a city of Iowa in the United States .

Laurens is a city in Pocahontas County , Iowa , United States .


Herbaceous plants may be annuals , biennials or perennials but most are annuals and die at the end of their growing season ( the time when they produce flowers , fruits and seeds ) , leaving their seeds on the soil ; those seeds will produce new plants with good weather . Wheat and pea are annual herbaceous plants .

Herbaceous plants may be annuals , biennials or perennials .


Pedro Contreras ( born 7 January , 1972 ) is a former Spanish football player .

Pedro Contreras GonzÃ lez , nicknamed El Koke ( born 7 January 1972 in Madrid ) , is a former Spanish footballer , who played as a goalkeeper .


After the season Betsy and Carol were retired .


Blanche and Camille were used instead of Betsy and Carol in 1969 .

They were replaced with Blanche and Camille .


Carol was retired not because of the 1965 storm but because of the 1954 storm .

The name Carol was also later retired after the modern naming system was instituted ; however , it was not because of the 1965 storm but because of Hurricane Carol in 1954 .


The 1965 Atlantic hurricane season was the first hurricane season to have the bounds from June 1 , 1965 to November 30 , 1965 .

The 1965 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1 , 1965 , and lasted until November 30 , 1965 .


Grandville is a commune of the Aube dÃ partement in the north-central part of France .

Grandville is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France .


Saint-Pierre-de-M Ã zoargues is a commune of 250 people ( 2006 ) . It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rh Ã ne department in the south of France .

Saint-Pierre-de-M Ã zoargues is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rh Ã ne department in southern France .


PieleÅ ti is a commune found in Dolj County , Romania .

PieleÅ ti is a commune in Dolj County , Romania with a population of 6,766 people .


Interstate 55 is an Interstate Highway in the United States .

Interstate 55 ( I-55 ) is an Interstate Highway in the central United States .


The Pontifical Academy of Sciences dates back four centuries to its creation as the Accademia dei Lincei in 1603 .

The Academy has its origins in the Accademia Pontificia dei Nuovi Lincei ( `` Pontifical Academy of the New Lynxes '' ) , founded in 1847 intended as a more closely supervised successor to the Accademia dei Lincei ( `` Academy of Lynxes '' ) established in Rome in 1603 , by the learned Roman Prince , Federico Cesi ( 1585 â `` 1630 ) who was a young botanist and naturalist , and which claimed Galileo Galilei as its president . The Accademia dei Lincei survives as a wholly separate institution .


Altdorf is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in northern Switzerland .

Altdorf was a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in northern Switzerland .


Jatoi is a tehsil , an administrative subdivision , of Muzaffargarh District in the Punjab province of Pakistan , it is administratively subdivided into 16 Union Councils of Pakistan .

Jatoi is a tehsil , an administrative subdivision , of Muzaffargarh District in the Punjab province of Pakistan , it is administratively subdivided into 16 Union Councils .


The county 's motto , `` We wu n't be druv '' , shows the strong-willed nature of its people in past centuries .

The county 's motto , `` We wunt be druv '' , reflects the strong-willed nature of its people in past centuries .


Sussex still has a strong local identity and the county 's unofficial anthem is Sussex by the Sea .

Sussex still retains a strong local identity and the county 's unofficial anthem is `` Sussex by the Sea '' .


It is divided for local government into West Sussex and East Sussex and the City of Brighton and Hove .

It is bounded on the north by Surrey , east by Kent , south by the English Channel , and west by Hampshire , and is divided for local government into West Sussex and East Sussex and the city of Brighton and Hove .


The city of Brighton and Hove became a unitary authority in 1997 ; and got City status in 2000 .

The city of Brighton & Hove was created a unitary authority in 1997 ; and was granted City status in 2000 .


Sussex is a historic county in South East England .

The historic county is known for its `` seven good things of Sussex '' .


Sussex is a historic county in South East England . Its area is more or less the same as that of the ancient Kingdom of Sussex .

Sussex , from the Old English SÅ `` Ã 3\/4 sÄ `` axe ( ` South Saxons ' ) , is an historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex .


Its area is more or less the same as that of the ancient Kingdom of Sussex . It is divided for local government into West Sussex and East Sussex and the City of Brighton and Hove .

The appellation Sussex remained in use as a ceremonial county until 1974 , when the Lord-Lieutenant of Sussex was replaced with one each for East and West Sussex .


La Chapelle-au-Riboul is a commune of 448 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France .

La Chapelle-au-Riboul is a commune in the Mayenne department and Pays de la Loire region of France .


Tbe Billionaire of Dismal Downs is the ninth episode of The life and times of Scrooge McDuck .

The Billionaire of Dismal Downs is a Scrooge McDuck comic by Don Rosa . It is the ninth of the original 12 chapters in the series The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck .


Santa Fe is the capital city of the U.S. state of New Mexico .

Santa Fe was originally envisioned as an important stop on the Atchison , Topeka and Santa Fe Railway . But as the tracks progressed into New Mexico , the civil engineers decided that it was more practical to go through Lamy , a town in Santa Fe County to the south of Santa Fe .


Perry Rhodan is a German science fiction series , published since 1961 .

Perry Rhodan is the name of a science fiction series published since 1961 in Germany , as well as the name of the main character .


Written by an ever-changing team of authors , Perry Rhodan is issued in weekly installment in the traditional German Heftchen ( pulp booklet ) format .

Written by an ever-changing team of authors , Perry Rhodan is issued in weekly novella-size installments in the traditional German Heftroman ( pulp booklet ) format .


Pontic Greeks , Pontian Greeks , Pontians or Greeks of Pontus ( Greek : Î Ï Î 1\/2 Ï Î Î Î , Î Î Î 1\/2 Ï Î Î Î Ï Ï Î Î '' Î '' Î Î 1\/2 Î Ï Î 1\/4 Ï Ï or Î Î '' Î '' Î Î 1\/2 Î Ï Ï Î Ï

Seeing the fate of Armenians , Pontian Greeks were themselves forced to take up armed resistance , leading to what became known as the Pontus resistance ( Î Î 1\/2 Ï Î Ï Ï Î Î Î Ï Î Ï


The terms Pontic and Pontian can be used interchangeably .

The largest communities of Pontian Greeks ( or people of Pontian Greek descent ) around the world are ( according to Pontian Diaspora 2000 ) :


That means that if both of its inputs are the same , the output will be 0 ( false ) .

If both inputs are false ( 0 ) or both are true ( 1 ) , a false output ( 0 ) results .


The XOR gate ( Exclusive OR ) is a logic gate that outputs 1 ( true ) when exactly one of its inputs is 1 ( true ) .

A true output ( 1 ) results if one , and only one , of the inputs to the gate is true ( 1 ) .


The XOR gate ( Exclusive OR ) is a logic gate that outputs 1 ( true ) when exactly one of its inputs is 1 ( true ) . That means that if both of its inputs are the same , the output will be 0 ( false ) .

If a logic gate were to accept three or more inputs and produce a true output if exactly one of those inputs were true , then it would in effect be a one-hot detector ( and indeed this is the case for only two inputs ) .


McGhee played for many Scottish and English clubs , before he had to retire because of injury .

McGhee played for a host of Scottish and English clubs , before he had to abruptly retire because of injury .


Mark Edward McGhee ( born 25 May 1957 in Glasgow , Scotland ) is a former professional footballer and current manager of Scottish club Aberdeen .

Mark Edward McGhee ( born 25 May 1957 in Glasgow ) is a Scottish professional football former player and manager .


McGhee played for many Scottish and English clubs , before he had to retire because of injury . He started his playing career at Greenock Morton before moving on to Newcastle United , Aberdeen , Hamburg , Celtic , IK Brage and Reading and won the Scottish PFA Players ' Player of the Year in 1982 as well as four caps and two goals for the Scotland national football team .

McGhee started his career at Greenock Morton in 1975 and spent spells at clubs including Newcastle United , Aberdeen , Hamburg , Celtic , IK Brage and Reading .


He started his playing career at Greenock Morton before moving on to Newcastle United , Aberdeen , Hamburg , Celtic , IK Brage and Reading and won the Scottish PFA Players ' Player of the Year in 1982 as well as four caps and two goals for the Scotland national football team .

He started his playing career at Greenock Morton before moving on to Newcastle United â `` where he scored 36 goals in 99 appearances , including a fantastic last minute winner against Bradford , Aberdeen , Hamburg , Celtic , IK Brage and Reading and won the Scottish PFA Players ' Player of the Year in 1982 as well as four caps and two goals for the Scotland national football team .


The word bomb comes from the Greek word Î Ï Î 1\/4 Î Î Ï ( bombas ) , an onomatopoeic term with almost the same meaning as `` boom '' in English .

The word comes from the Latin bombus from the Greek Î Ï Î 1\/4 Î Î Ï ( bombos ) , an onomatopoetic term meaning `` booming '' .


All its isotopes are radioactive . Together with Technetium , these are the only two radioactive elements below lead .

It is notable for being the only other exclusively radioactive element besides technetium which is followed by chemical elements that have stable isotopes .


Promethium is a chemical element that has the symbol Pm on the periodic table . It has the atomic number 61 which means it has 61 protons in its atom .

Promethium is a chemical element with the symbol Pm and atomic number 61 .


The theater was inaugurated on 3 August 1778 and was originally known as the New Royal-Ducal Theatre at La Scala .


It was rebuilt and reopened on 11 May 1946 , with a brilliant concert conducted by Arturo Toscanini , with a soprano solo by Renata Tebaldi .

It was rebuilt and reopened on 11 May 1946 , with a memorable concert conducted by Arturo Toscaniniâ '' twice La Scala 's principal conductor and an associate of the composers Giuseppe Verdi and Giacomo Pucciniâ '' with a soprano solo by Renata Tebaldi , which created a sensation .


In 1943 , during World War II , La Scala was badly damaged by bombing .

In 1943 , during WWII , La Scala was severely damaged by bombing .


There is also a La Scala Museum ( Museo Teatrale alla Scala ) which has an extraordinary collection of paintings , drafts , statues , costumes , and other documents about opera and La Scala 's history .

The Museo Teatrale alla Scala ( La Scala Theatre Museum ) , accessible from the theater 's foyer and a part of the house , contains an extraordinary collection of paintings , drafts , statues , costumes , and other documents regarding opera and La Scala 's history .


The first opera to be performed there was Salieri 's Europa riconosciuta .

The premiere performance was Antonio Salieri 's Europa riconosciuta .


The Teatro alla Scala , usually known as La Scala , is probably the most famous opera house in the world . It is in Milan , Italy , which is the country where opera started at the beginning of the 17th century .

La Scala , is a world renowned opera house in Milan , Italy .


Later , oil lamps were replaced by gas lamps . In 1883 electric lights were put in .

In time , oil lamps were replaced by gas lamps , these in turn were replaced by electric lights in 1883 .


All performances must end before midnight ; long operas start earlier in the evening if necessary .

All performances must end before midnight ; long operas start earlier in the evening if need be .


However the composer later conducted his Requiem there on May 25 , 1874 , and in 1886 announced that La Scala would host the premiere of his opera Otello .

This dispute originated in a disagreement over the production of his Giovanna d'Arco in 1845 ; however the composer later conducted his Requiem there on 25 May 1874 , and in 1886 announced that La Scala would host the premiere of his penultimate opera Otello .


Many famous operas were first performed at La Scala , including some by Giuseppe Verdi .

La Scala hosted the prima ( first production ) of many famous operas , and had a special relationship with Verdi .


La Scala was originally lit with 84 oil lamps mounted on the palcoscenico ( ceiling ) and another thousand in the rest of theater .

La Scala was originally illuminated with 84 oil lamps mounted on the palcoscenico and another thousand in the rest of theater .


La Scala 's season traditionally opens on 7 December , Saint Ambrose 's Day , Milan 's patron saint .

La Scala 's season traditionally opens on 7 December , Saint Ambrose 's Day , the feast day of Milan 's patron saint .


In case they ever caught fire , several rooms were filled with hundreds of water buckets .

To prevent the risks of fire , several rooms were filled with hundreds of water buckets .


The building was renovated in 1907 . After that it had 2,800 seats as it does today .

The original structure was renovated in 1907 , when it was given its current layout with 2,800 seats .


The first performance of his last opera , Falstaff was also given in this theater .

The premiere of his last opera , Falstaff was also given in the theater .


For several years , however , Verdi did not allow his music to be played here because he did not like the way the orchestra had played it .

For several years , however , Verdi did not allow his work to be played here , as some of his music had been modified ( he said `` corrupted '' ) by the orchestra .


Viels-Maisons is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

Viels-Maisons is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


The soda bread is a kind of soft , golden bread made with baking soda . In its most basic form it contains only four ingredient ; flour , salt , baking soda , and buttermilk .

The ingredients of traditional soda bread are flour , bread soda , salt , and buttermilk .


Indira Nehru Gandhi was born on November 19 , 1917 and would be the only child of Jawaharlal and Kamala Nehru .

Indira Gandhi was born Indira Nehru on November 19 , 1917 into the politically influential Nehru Family . Indira Gandhi 's father was Jawaharlal Nehru and her mother was Kamala Nehru .


She is the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru , who was also Prime Minister of India .

Indira Gandhi 's father was Jawaharlal Nehru and her mother was Kamala Nehru .


Her son , Rajiv Gandhi , also later became Prime Minister of India . Born Indira Nehru , she married Feroze Gandhi , who had changed his name from `` Feroze Khan '' and was not related to the famous civil rights leader , Mahatma Gandhi , who helped India gain freedom .

Indira gained the surname `` Gandhi '' by her marriage to Feroze Gandhi .


Its name comes from the sand particles that color its water , originating from the Yellow River .

Its name comes from the sand particles from Gobi Desert sand storms that turn the surface of the water golden yellow .


The Yellow Sea is the northern part of the East China Sea , which in turn is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean .

The Yellow Sea is the name given to the northern part of the East China Sea , which is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean .


Before that , she was the junior United States Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009 .

She was a United States Senator for New York from 2001 to 2009 .


In mid-November 2008 , Obama and Clinton talked about whether she could be the next U.S. Secretary of State in his presidency . On November 21 , there were reports that said Hillary Clinton had accepted his offer .

In mid-November 2008 , President-elect Obama and Clinton discussed the possibility of her serving as U.S. Secretary of State in his administration , and on November 21 , reports indicated that she had accepted the position .


On December 1 , 2008 , President-elect Obama announced that Clinton would be his nominee for Secretary of State .

On December 1 , President-elect Obama formally announced that Clinton would be his nominee for Secretary of State .


Hillary Diane Rodham was born in Chicago , Illinois .

Hillary Diane Rodham was born at Edgewater Hospital in Chicago , Illinois .


Her father 's name was Hugh E. Rodham ; her mother is Dorothy Emma Howell Rodham .

Her father , Hugh Ellsworth Rodham , was the son of Welsh and English immigrants ; he managed a successful small business in the textile industry . Her mother , Dorothy Emma Howell , is a homemaker of English , Scottish , French , French Canadian , and Welsh descent .


Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton ( born October 26 , 1947 ) is the 67th and current United States Secretary of State under President Barack Obama .

Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton ( ; born October 26 , 1947 ) is the 67th United States Secretary of State , serving in the administration of President Barack Obama .


She was a candidate in the 2008 election of a new President . She is a member of the Democratic Party .

In the 2008 election , Clinton was a leading candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination .


She is married to the former President of the United States Bill Clinton . When her husband was president , she had the title of First Lady of the United States .

As the wife of the 42nd President of the United States , Bill Clinton , she was the First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001 .


Selenium hexafluoride is made by heating selenium and fluorine together .

Selenium hexafluoride is toxic even at low concentrations .


Henry Stuart , Duke of Gloucester ( 8 July 1640 â `` 18 September 1660 ) was the third adult ( and youngest ) son of Charles I and his queen , Henrietta Maria of France .

Henry Stuart , 1st Duke of Gloucester ( 8 July 1640 â `` 18 September 1660 ) was the third adult ( and youngest ) son of Charles I and his queen , Henrietta Maria of France .


British Virgin Islands national football team is the national football team of British Virgin Islands .

The British Virgin Islands national football team is the national team of the British Virgin Islands and is controlled by the British Virgin Islands Football Association .


Berny-Rivi Ã re is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

Berny-Rivi Ã re is a commune in the department of Aisne in Picardy in northern France .


Fostoria is a city of Iowa in the United States .

Fostoria is a city in Clay County , Iowa , United States .


Her nickname was Khadijah al-Kubra . She was the daughter of Khuwaylid ibn Asad and Fatimah bint Za ` idah .

Fatimah bint Za ` idah â `` Khadijah 's mother â `` died around 575 , a member of the Banu ` Amir ibn Luayy ibn Ghalib tribe and a distant relative of Muhammad .


Khadijah had six childrens with Muhammad .

This time Khadijah offered Muhammad triple the usual commission .


The term Appalachia is used to refer to regions associated with the mountain range .

The term Appalachian refers to several different regions associated with the mountain range .


Mt. Mitchell is also the highest point in the United States east of the Mississippi River as well as the highest point in eastern North America .

The highest of the group is Mount Mitchell in North Carolina at 6684 f , which is the highest point in the United States east of the Mississippi River .


They form an area from 100 to 300 miles wide , running 1,500 miles from the island of Newfoundland in Canada to central Alabama in the United States .

The range is mostly located in the United States but extends into southeastern Canada , forming a zone from 100 to 300 miles ( 160 to 480 km ) wide , running from the island of Newfoundland 1,500 miles ( 2,400 km ) south-westward to central Alabama in the United States .


It refers to the mountain range and the hills and plateau region around it .

Most broadly , it refers to the entire mountain range with its surrounding hills and the dissected plateau region .


The term is often used to refer to just areas in the central and southern Appalachian Mountains . These areas usually include parts of the states of Kentucky , Tennessee , Virginia , West Virginia , and North Carolina , and sometimes extending as far south as northern Georgia and western South Carolina , as far north as Pennsylvania , and as far west as southeastern Ohio .

However , the term is often used more restrictively to refer to regions in the central and southern Appalachian Mountains , usually including areas in the states of Kentucky , Tennessee , Virginia , Maryland , West Virginia , and North Carolina , as well as sometimes extending as far south as northern Georgia and western South Carolina , as far north as Pennsylvania and southern Ohio .


The individual mountains average around 3,000 ft ( 900 m ) in height .

The system is divided into a series of ranges , with the individual mountains averaging around 3,000 ft ( 900 m ) .


The Colorado potato beetle eats potato plants .

The Colorado potato beetle ( Leptinotarsa decemlineata ) , also known as the Colorado beetle , the ten-striped spearman , the ten-lined potato beetle or the potato bug , is an important pest of potato crops .


Cortisol 's purpose is to help the body :

Cortisol 's original purpose may have been sodium transport .


Cortisol also called the stress hormone , is located in the adrenal gland .

Cortisol ( hydrocortisone ) is a steroid hormone , or glucocorticoid , produced by the adrenal gland .


The area of the lake is 712.59 kmÂ , making it the sixth largest lake in the country .

The area of the lake is 712.59 kmÂ making it the sixth largest lake in the country .


Adams was arrested and tried for the murder of one patient in 1957 , but found not guilty .

He was tried and acquitted for the murder of one patient in 1957 .


The trial was reported in newspapers around the world and was described at the time as `` one of the greatest murder trials of all time '' .

The trial featured in headlines around the world and was described at the time as `` one of the greatest murder trials of all time '' and `` murder trial of the century '' .


Adams was later found guilty of 13 other crimes - prescription fraud , lying on cremation forms , obstructing a police search and failing to keep a register of the dangerous drugs he used .

Adams was found guilty in a subsequent trial of 13 offences of prescription fraud , lying on cremation forms , obstructing a police search and failing to keep a dangerous drugs register .


Scotland Yard 's files on the case were meant to be secret until 2033 , but special permission was given in 2003 to open them .

Scotland Yard 's files on the case were initially closed to the public for 75 years , until 2033 . Special permission was granted in 2003 to reopen the files .


Below is the list of Wikipedia articles about American football players who have played for the San Diego Chargers of the National Football League .

This category is all NFL players who have played for the San Diego Chargers .


A patent troll is an unkind phrase used to describe a company or person that owns a patent and tries to get other people to pay a lot of money for the right to use the patent . The patent troll usually asks for an amount of money that is less than defending a lawsuit .

The term `` patent troll '' was used as early as 1993 to describe companies that file aggressive patent lawsuits .


A patent troll is different from other patent owners for two reasons .

The term `` patent troll '' was used as early as 1993 to describe companies that file aggressive patent lawsuits . The Patent Troll was originally depicted in `` The Patents Video '' which was released in 1994 and sold to corporations , universities and governmental entities .


Dampierre , Calvados is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

Dampierre is a commune in the Calvados departmnet in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


Saint-Agr Ã ve is a commune in the ArdÃ che dÃ partement in southern France .

Saint-Agr Ã ve is a commune in the ArdÃ che department in southern France .


Cambrin is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

Cambrin is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


FrÃ thun is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

FrÃ thun ( francization of Free Town ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


A bain-marie ( or water bath ) is a piece of equipment used in science , industry , and cooking to heat materials gently and gradually to fixed temperatures , or to keep materials warm over a period of time .

A bain-marie ( also known as a water bath ) is a French term for a piece of equipment used in science , industry , and cooking to heat materials gently and gradually to fixed temperatures , or to keep materials warm over a period of time .


When a bain-marie is filled with water the maximum temperature of the material in the lower container will not exceed 100 degrees Celsius ( the boiling point of water at sea level ) .

When the working liquid is water and the bain-marie is used at sea level , the maximum temperature of the material in the lower container will not exceed 100 degrees Celsius ( the boiling point of water at sea level ) .


Hayden Foxe ( born 23 June 1977 ) is a Australian football player .

Hayden Vernon Foxe ( born 23 June 1977 in Sydney ) is a former Australian football ( soccer ) player .


He was made Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters by the French government in 1998 .

He was named Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters by the French government in 1998 .


His most famous work is a guitar concerto called Concierto de Aranjuez .

Rodrigo 's music counts among some of the most popular of the 20th century , particularly his Concierto de Aranjuez , considered one of the pinnacles of the Spanish music and guitar concerto repertoire .


In 1991 , Rodrigo was raised to the nobility by King Juan Carlos ; he was given the title MarquÃ s de los Jardines de Aranjuez ( Marquis of the Gardens of Aranjuez ) .

On 30 December 1991 , Rodrigo was raised into the Spanish nobility by King Juan Carlos I with the hereditary title of MarquÃ s de los Jardines de Aranjuez ( English : Marquess of the Gardens of Aranjuez ) .


In 1947 Rodrigo became a professor of music history in Madrid , a job that was made especially for him .

From 1947 Rodrigo was a professor of music history , holding the Manuel de Falla Chair of Music in the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters , at Complutense University of Madrid .


After a short time back in Spain he returned to Paris to study musicology , first under Maurice Emmanuel and then under AndrÃ Pirro .

After briefly returning to Spain , he went to Paris again to study musicology , first under Maurice Emmanuel and then under AndrÃ Pirro .


JoaquÃ n Rodrigo ( born Sagunto , Valencia , 22 November 1901 ; died Madrid , 6 July 1999 ) was a Spanish composer of classical music and a virtuoso pianist .

JoaquÃ n Rodrigo Vidre , 1st Marquis of the Gardens of Aranjuez ( November 22 , 1901-July 6 , 1999 ) , commonly known as JoaquÃ n Rodrigo , was a composer of classical music and a virtuoso pianist .


Another of his works is called Concierto Andaluz , for four guitars and orchestra .

His Concierto Andaluz , for four guitars and orchestra , was commissioned by Celedonio Romero for himself and his three sons .


He was given the Prince of Asturias Award in 1996 , the highest honor a Spanish civilian can get .

He received the prestigious Prince of Asturias Award -- Spain 's highest civilian honor -- in 1996 .


Their daughter , Cecilia , was born 27 January 1941 .


He married Victoria Kamhi , a Turkish-born pianist , in 1933 .

He married Victoria Kamhi , a Turkish-born pianist whom he had met in Paris , on 19 January 1933 , in Valencia .


After the success of this piece several other musicians asked him to write concertos for them , e.g the flautist James Galway , the cellist Julian Lloyd Webber and the guitarist AndrÃ s Segovia , for whom he composed FantasÃ a para un gentilhombre in 1954 .

In 1954 Rodrigo composed FantasÃ a para un gentilhombre at the request of AndrÃ s Segovia .


Rodrigo died in 1999 in Madrid at the age of 97 .

Rodrigo died in 1999 in Madrid at the age of 97 and was succeeded as MarquÃ s de los Jardines de Aranjuez by his daughter .


In 1925 he received Spain 's National Prize for Orchestra for his pieces Cinco piezas infantiles ( Five Children 's Pieces ) .

In 1943 he received Spain 's National Prize for Orchestra for Cinco piezas infantiles ( `` Five Children 's Pieces '' ) , based on his earlier composition of the same piece for two pianos , premiered by Ricardo ViÃ es .


After studying music in Valencia he went to Paris where he studied with Paul Dukas in Paris .

Rodrigo studied music under Francisco Antich in Valencia and under Paul Dukas at the Ã cole Normale de Musique in Paris .


The Capitals beat the New York Rangers in the Conference Quarter-Finals 4 games to 3 , and lost to the Pittsburgh Penguins in the Conference Semi-Finals 3 games to 4 .

The Capitals Lost to the Pittsburgh Penguins in the 2nd round 4 games to 3 .


Hamilton College is a private , independent , liberal arts college located in Clinton , New York .

Hamilton College is a private , independent , liberal arts college located in Clinton , New York , United States .


In 2007 , U.S. News & World Report ranked Hamilton the 17th best liberal arts college in the United States .

In 2011 , U.S. News & World Report ranked Hamilton the 18th best national liberal arts college in the United States .


Following his father 's assassination , in April 1865 , Robert Lincoln moved with his mother and his brother Tad to Chicago , where Robert completed his law studies at the Old University of Chicago ( a school different from but later assumed by the university presently known by that name ) .

Following his father 's assassination , in April 1865 , Robert Lincoln moved with his mother and his brother Tad to Chicago , where Robert completed his law studies at the University of Chicago ( a school different from but whose name was later assumed by the university currently known by that name ) .


Lincoln did not have a very close relationship with his father . This was partly because Abraham Lincoln often spent months away from home .

Lincoln had a distant relationship with his father , in part because Abraham Lincoln spent months on the judicial circuit during his formative years .


The two lacked the strong bond Lincoln had with his sons Willie and Tad , but Robert deeply admired his father and wept openly at his deathbed .


The last person who was directly related to Lincoln was Robert 's grandson `` Bud '' Beckwith . He died in 1985 .

The last person known to be of direct Lincoln lineage , Robert 's grandson `` Bud '' Beckwith , died in 1985 .


Robert Todd Lincoln ( August 1 , 1843 -- July 26 , 1926 ) was an American lawyer and Secretary of War . He was the first son of President Abraham Lincoln and his wife , Mary Todd Lincoln .

Robert Todd Lincoln ( August 1 , 1843 -- July 26 , 1926 ) was an American lawyer and Secretary of War , and the first son of President Abraham Lincoln and Mary Todd Lincoln .


On September 24 , 1868 , Robert Lincoln married Mary Eunice Harlan ( September 25 , 1846 -- March 31 , 1937 ) .

On September 24 , 1868 , Robert Lincoln married the former Mary Eunice Harlan ( September 25 , 1846 - March 31 , 1937 ) , the daughter of Senator James Harlan and Ann Eliza Peck of Mount Pleasant , Iowa .


Born in Springfield , Illinois , United States , he was the only one of Lincoln 's four sons to live to be an adult .

Born in Springfield , Illinois , United States , he was the only one of Lincoln 's four sons to live past his teenage years .


Abraham Lincoln was proud of Robert and thought him bright , but also saw him as something of a competitor , and once said , `` he guessed Bob would not do better than he had . ''


Mi plan ( My Plan ) is the fourth studio album by singer Nelly Furtado It is also her first ever all Spanish album .

Mi Plan is the fourth studio album by Canadian recording artist Nelly Furtado and the first she has released in Spanish .


The Tritylodonts were still common , though .

The Tritylodonts were still common though .


It lasted from 176-161 million years ago ( mya ) .

It lasted from 176-161 million years ago .


In this epoch `` true '' mammals evolved from a group of cynodonts .

It was at this epoch that the `` true '' mammals evolved .


The cynodont therapsids flourished with the dinosaurs , but they were only shrew-sized . None grew larger than a badger .

Descendants of the therapsids , the cynodonts were still flourishing along with the dinosaurs even though they were shrew-sized ; none exceeded the size of a badger .


Plesiosaurs became common at this time .

Plesiosaurs became common at this time , and metriorhynchid crocodilians first appeared .


In the Middle Jurassic , Pangaea began to split apart . It began to separate into Laurasia and Gondwana , and the Atlantic Ocean formed .

During the Middle Jurassic epoch , Pangaea began to separate into Laurasia and Gondwana , and the Atlantic Ocean formed .


One group of cynodonts , the Trithelodonts were becoming rare and eventually became extinct at the end of this epoch .

A group of cynodonts , the Trithelodonts were becoming rare and eventually became extinct at the end of this epoch .


The top marine predators , the pliosaurs , grew to the size of killer whales and larger e.g. Pliosaurus , Liopleurodon .

Ichthyosaurs , although common , are reduced in diversity ; while the top marine predators , the pliosaurs , grew to the size of killer whales and larger ( e.g. Pliosaurus , Liopleurodon ) .


VÃ rmland is a historical province or landskap in the west of middle Sweden .

' is a historical province or landskap in the west of middle Sweden .


The origin of the province 's name is uncertain .


Gary Jules ( born March 19 , 1969 ) is an singer and his song , `` Mad World '' was played in the film , Donnie Darko .

Gary Jules ( born March 19 , 1969 as Gary Jules Aguirre , Jr. ) is an American singer-songwriter , best known for his cover of Tears for Fears ' third single `` Mad World '' , which he recorded together with friend Michael Andrews for the film Donnie Darko .


Holger Badstuber ( born 12 March 1989 ) is a German football player . He plays for FC Bayern Munich and Germany national team .

Holger Badstuber ( born 13 March 1989 in Memmingen ) is a German footballer who plays as a defender for Bayern Munich in the Bundesliga and the German national football team .


Masaki Iida ( born 15 September 1985 ) is a Japanese football player . He plays for Tokyo Verdy .

Masaki Iida is a Japanese footballer who plays for Tokyo Verdy .


Riceville is a city of Iowa in the United States .

Riceville is a city in Howard and Mitchell Counties in the U.S. state of Iowa .


Mystic is a city of Iowa in the United States .

Mystic is a city in Appanoose County , Iowa , United States .


Its population was 588 at the 2000 census .

The population was 588 at the 2000 census .


At the end of the 19th century , `` the valley of Walnut Creek was one long mining camp , known under different names , Jerome , Diamond , Mystic , Clarksdale , Rathbun and Darby '' ( later known as Darbyville ) .

At the end of the 19th century , `` the valley of Walnut Creek was one continuous mining camp , known under different names , Jerome , Diamond , Mystic , Clarksdale , Rathbun and Darby '' ( later known as Darbyville ) .


The United States Census Bureau says the city has a total area of 2.9 square miles ( 7.6 kmÂ ) . All of it is land .

According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 2.9 square miles ( 7.6 kmÂ ) , all of it land .


A. M. Elgin opened the first coal mine in the Mystic area in 1857 . It was about 1.5 miles north of Mystic on Little Walnut Creek .

A. M. Elgin opened the first coal mine in the Mystic area in 1857 , about 1.5 miles north of Mystic on Little Walnut Creek .


The Mystic coal crack was seen on the surface there , and drifts were opened and left , over the next few decades until the hills were full with mines .

The Mystic coal seam was exposed on the surface there , and drifts were opened and abandoned over the next few decades until the hills were honeycombed with mines .


It contains sodium and nitrate ions . Its chemical formula is NaNO3 .

Sodium nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula NaNO3 .


She is married to 2010 Nobel Peace Prize winner Liu Xiaobo .

She is best known as the wife of 2010 Nobel Peace Prize winner Liu Xiaobo .


After visiting him , however , she was placed under house arrest and her mobile phone number was canceled .

After visiting him , however , she was placed under house arrest and her mobile number deactivated .


10,000 people added their names to a charter support list on the Internet .

The document was later `` signed '' by 10,000 users on the Internet .


Liu Xia begged her husband to not participate in writing the document .

Liu Xia begged her husband to not participate in drafting the document .


She married Liu Xiaobo while he was in prison in a Chinese labor re-education camp between the years of 1996 and 1999 .

She married Liu Xiaobo while he was imprisoned in China in a labor re-education camp , between the years of 1996 and 1999 .


After it was announced that her husband had won the Nobel Peace Prize , Liu Xia said that â For all these years , Liu Xiaobo has persevered in telling the truth about China and because of this , for the fourth time , he has lost his personal freedom . ''

After it was announced that her husband had won the Nobel Peace Prize while he remained imprisoned for calling for multiparty elections in China , Liu Xia commented that â For all these years , Liu Xiaobo has persevered in telling the truth about China and because of this , for the fourth time , he has lost his personal freedom . ''


He later got more than 300 prominent workers , Chinese Communist Party members , and intellectuals , to sign the charter .

After initially heeding her pleas , he went forward anyway , immersing himself for three years drafting and re-drafting the document , which he later persuaded more than 300 prominent workers , Chinese Communist Party members , and intellectuals , to sign .


Liu used to be a civil servant in the Beijing tax bureau . She met her husband Liu Xiaobo while part of the Beijing literary scene in the 1980s .

Liu was formerly a civil servant in the Beijing tax bureau , and met her husband Liu Xiaobo while part of the Beijing literary scene in the 1980s .


Liu Xiaobo 's was sent to prison for 11 years after he helped write the political manifesto 2008 called Charter 08 .

Liu Xiaobo 's current sentence of 11 years was imposed after he helped to write the political manifesto called Charter 08 in 2008 .


Liu Xia ( born 1959 ) , is a painter , poet , and photographer who resides in Beijing , China .

Liu Xia ( born 1959 ) is a Chinese painter , poet , and photographer who resides in Beijing , China .


Ancona is a province in the region of Marche in Italy .

The Province of Ancona is a province in the Marche region of central Italy .


Frank Joseph Scott Wise ( 30 May 1897 â `` 29 June 1986 ) was the 16th Premier of Western Australia from 31 July 1945 to 1 April 1947 . He was from the Labor Party .

Frank Joseph Scott Wise AO ( 30 May 1897 -- 29 June 1986 ) was an Australian Labor Party politician and the 16th Premier of Western Australia .


Constantine Maroulis ( born September 17 1975 ) is an American singer , actor and writer from New York .

Constantine James Maroulis ( ; born September 17 , 1975 ) is an American rock singer , actor , and writer from Wyckoff , New Jersey .


Before he was on television , he sang in the rock band Pray for the soul of Betty .

He was the sixth-place finalist on the fourth season of the reality television series American Idol , and lead vocalist of the hard rock band Pray for the Soul of Betty .


Crush 40 is an rock band formed in 1998 .

Crush 40 , formerly known as Sons of Angels , is a Japanese-American hard rock band formed in 1998 that is best known for their contributions to the soundtracks of several video games , predominantly the Sonic the Hedgehog series .


The primary lineup from 1998 to 2009 consisted of guitarist Jun Senoue and vocalist Johnny Gioeli .

The core of the group is the hard rock guitarist and video game composer Jun Senoue and vocalist Johnny Gioeli , who is also the vocalist for the bands Hardline and Axel Rudi Pell .


Jimmy Calderwood ( born 28 February 1955 ) is a former professional footballer and current manager of Scottish club Aberdeen F.C. .

James `` Jimmy '' Calderwood ( born 28 February 1955 ) is a Scottish former footballer and current manager of Ross County .


The City Parliament elects the judges for 6 years and they only canget reelected once .

The Diet of Hamburg elect the judges for 6 years and they only can once get reelected .


The ministry is in charge of the correctional facilities , the courts and the revision of the laws .

; Ministry of Justice The ministry ( German : JustizbehÃ rde ) is charge of the correctional facilities , the courts and the revision of the laws .


The supreme court has a president and 8 judges .

The supreme court consists of a president of the court and 8 judges .


The senators get appointed by the First Mayor and thereafter they need to get confirmed by the Hamburg Parliament .

The senators get appointed by the First Mayor and thereafter they need to get elected by Hamburg Parliament .


The executive is the Senat der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg ( Senate of Hamburg or cabinet ) .

The executive is the Senat der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg ( Senate of Hamburg \/ cabinet ) .


This law also regulates among other , pay , pensions , privilege to refuse to give evidence and the legal position of Hamburg judges .

This law also regulates among other , the remuneration , pension , privilege to refuse to give evidence and the legal position of Hamburg judges .


The State Chancellery coordinates the senate and supports the mayor .

; State Chancellery The State Chancellery ( German : Senatskanzlei ) coordinate the senate and support the mayor .


The First Mayor is head in this agency .

The First Mayor is head in this government agency .


The parliament is a unicameral parliament ( only has one chamber ) and the 121 deputies are elected in universal , direct , free , equal and secret elections every four years .

The parliament is a unicameral parliament and the 121 deputies are elected in universal , direct , free , equal and secret elections every four years .


This forces consists of the state police Polizei Hamburg , the State Criminal Police Office ( German : Landeskriminalamt ) , the Criminal Investigation Services ( Kriminalpolizei ) , the Water Police ( Wasserschutzpolizei ) controlling traffic in the port of Hamburg , the Reserve Police ( Bereitschaftspolizei ) , the Special Weapons and Tactics Unit ( Spezialeinsatzkommando ) and Mobile Surveillance Units ( Mobiles Einsatzkommando ) .

This forces consists of the state police Polizei Hamburg , the State Criminal Police Office ( German : Landeskriminalamt ) , the Criminal Investigation Services ( Kriminalpolizei ) , the Water Police ( Wasserschutzpolizei ) controlling traffic in the port of Hamburg , the Stand-by Police ( Bereitschaftspolizei ) , the Special Weapons and Tactics Unit ( Spezialeinsatzkommando ) and Mobile Surveillance Units ( Mobiles Einsatzkommando ) .


The head of the city-wide and state administration is the First Mayor ( Erster BÃ 1\/4 rgermeister ) .

Head for city-wide and state administration is the First Mayor ( Erster BÃ 1\/4 rgermeister ) .


The schedule of responsibilities is based on the constitution of Hamburg ( Art .

The schedule of responsibilities are based on the constitution of Hamburg ( Art .


Among others the is the oversight authority for the law enforcement agencies in Hamburg , the fire brigade , for disaster control and its units , the residents registration offices , the State Election Office and the Scientology Task Force .

; Ministry of the Interior Among others the BehÃ rde fÃ 1\/4 r Inneres is the oversight authority for the law enforcement agencies in Hamburg , the fire brigade , for disaster control and its units , the residents registration offices , the State Election Office and the Scientology Task Force ( Arbeitsgruppe Scientology ) .


On May 7 , 2008 the former Ministry of Culture was changed to the Ministry of Culture , Sports and Media , now among other responsible for tourism , the public record office of Hamburg , the office of the protection of historical monuments and the memorial site for the Neuengamme concentration camp .

; Ministry of Culture , Sports and Media On May 7 , 2008 the former Ministry of Culture was changed to the Ministry of Culture , Sports and Media ( German : BehÃ rde fÃ 1\/4 r Kultur , Sport und Medien ) , now among other responsible for tourism , the public record office of Hamburg , the office of the protection of historical monuments and the memorial site for the Neuengamme concentration camp .


Besides the horse , there are seven other species of genus Equus in the Equidae family . These are the ass or donkey , Equus asinus ; the mountain zebra , Equus zebra ; plains zebra , Equus burchelli ; GrÃ vy 's zebra , Equus grevyi ; the kiang , Equus kiang ; and the onager , Equus hemionus .


Keynes ' father , John Neville Keynes ( 1852 â `` 1949 ) outlived his son by three years . Keynes 's brother Sir Geoffrey Keynes ( 1887 â `` 1982 ) was a distinguished surgeon , scholar and bibliophile .

Keynes was the first born , and was followed by two more children - Geoffrey Keynes in 1887 and Margaret Neville Keynes in 1890 .


John Maynard Keynes , 1st Baron Keynes , CB ( 5 June 1883 â `` 21 April 1946 ) was a British economist whose ideas , called Keynesian economics , had a big impact on modern economic and political theory as well as on many governments ' tax and economic policies .

John Maynard Keynes , 1st Baron Keynes ( ; 5 June 1883 â `` 21 April 1946 ) , CB , was a British economist whose ideas have profoundly affected the theory and practice of modern macroeconomics , as well as the economic policies of governments .


Keynes ' early romantic and sexual relationships were almost all with men .

Keynes 's early romantic and sexual relationships were almost exclusively with men .


Soon he was appointed to the Royal Commission on Indian Currency and Finance , where he was able to put economic theory into practice .

By 1913 he had published his first book , Indian Currency and Finance . He was then appointed to the Royal Commission on Indian Currency and Finance â `` the same topic as his book â `` where Keynes showed considerable talent at applying economic theory to practical problems .


Keynes accepted a lectureship at Cambridge in economics funded personally by Alfred Marshall .

Also in 1909 , Keynes accepted a lectureship in economics funded personally by Alfred Marshall .


Keynes ' father , John Neville Keynes ( 1852 â `` 1949 ) outlived his son by three years .

Both of Keynes 's parents outlived him : father John Neville Keynes ( 1852 â `` 1949 ) by three years , and mother Florence Ada Keynes ( 1861 â `` 1958 ) by 12 years .


One of his great loves was the artist Duncan Grant , whom he met in 1908 , and he was also involved with the writer Lytton Strachey .

One of his great loves was the artist Duncan Grant , whom he met in 1908 ; he was also involved with the writer Lytton Strachey .


Born at 7 Melville Road , Cambridge , John Maynard Keynes was the son of John Neville Keynes , an economics lecturer at Cambridge University , and Florence Ada Brown , a successful author and a social reformer .

John Maynard Keynes was born in Cambridge to a middle-class family . His father John Neville Keynes was an economist and a lecturer in moral sciences at the University of Cambridge and his mother Florence Ada Keynes a local social reformer .


His nephews include Richard Keynes ( born 1919 ) a physiologist ; and Quentin Keynes ( 1921 â `` 2003 ) an adventurer and bibliophile .

His nephews include Richard Keynes ( 1919 â `` 2010 ) a physiologist ; and Quentin Keynes ( 1921 â `` 2003 ) an adventurer and bibliophile .


Bruce Howard Kulick ( born December 12 , 1953 in New York ) is an American musician , best known as lead guitarist for the rock band Kiss from September 1984 to August 1996 .

Bruce Howard Kulick ( born December 12 , 1953 in New York ) is an American guitarist , musician and a member of the band Grand Funk Railroad .


Raffaele Palladino ( born 17 April 1984 ) is an Italian football player .

Raffaele Palladino ( born 17 April 1984 ) is an Italian footballer who plays as a striker for Serie A club Parma , co-owned by Juventus .


Albania national football team is the national football team of Albania .

The Albania national association football team is the national association football team of Albania and is controlled by the Football Association of Albania .


These universes are sometimes called parallel universes .

The various universes within the multiverse are sometimes called parallel universes .


A multiverse ( or meta-universe ) is the theory of a set of multiple possible universes , including our universe , which make up reality .

The multiverse ( or meta-universe , metaverse ) is the hypothetical set of multiple possible universes ( including the historical universe we consistently experience ) that together comprise everything that exists : the entirety of space , time , matter , and energy as well as the physical laws and constants that describe them .


The size of Mie Prefecture is 5,776.44 kmÂ . 64.8 % of Mie is forest , 11.5 % is used for growing food , 6 % is used for houses , 3.8 % is used for roads , and 3.6 % are rivers .

Mie has a coastline that stretches 1,094.9 km and , as of 2000 , Mie 's 5,776.44 kmÂ landmass can be divided into 64.8 % forest , 11.5 % agriculture , 6 % residential area , 3.8 % roads , and 3.6 % rivers .


There are many mountains in the west and south of Mie , with the largest cities in the east , next to Ise Bay .

Mie Prefecture measures 170 k from north to south , and 80 k from east to west , and is made up of 5 distinct geographical areas . The north-west of Mie consists of the Suzuka Mountains , along the coast of Ise Bay from the Aichi border to Ise City is the Ise Plain , where most of the population of Mie live , south of the Ise Plain is the Shima Peninsula , bordering Nara in the central-west is the Iga Basin , and running from central Mie to its southern borders is the Nunobiki Mountainous Region .


In 1871 , the area from the Kisosansen River in the north to the city of Tsu became AnÅ tsu Prefecture . The area south of Tsu became Watarai Prefecture .

In 1871 the area from the Kiso Three Rivers in the north to present-day Tsu became AnÅ tsu Prefecture , and the area south of that became Watarai Prefecture .


The other 10.3 % is used for other things .

The remaining 10.3 % are not classified .


In the past , the area that is now Mie Prefecture was three different regions .

Mie Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan which is part of the Kansai regions on HonshÅ `` island .


They were called Ise Province , Shima Province and Iga Province . After the Meiji Restoration , this area changed many times .

After the Meiji Restoration , the former provinces of Ise , Shima , and Iga as well as a portion of eastern Kii , were organized and reorganized repeatedly .


Mie Prefecture is on the eastern side of the Kii Peninsula . The prefectures that surround Mie are Aichi , Gifu , Shiga , Kyoto , Nara , and Wakayama .

Mie Prefecture forms the eastern part of the Kii Peninsula , and is bordered by Aichi , Gifu , Shiga , Kyoto , Nara , and Wakayama .


In 1876 , AnÅ tsu Prefecture and Watarai Prefecture joined to become Mie Prefecture .

In 1872 , the AnÅ tsu prefectural seat moved from Tsu to Yokkaichi , and the prefecture itself was renamed Mie . For a variety of reasons , including the strong likelihood that Mie would eventually merge with Watarai , the prefectural seat returned to Tsu the following year , and Mie Prefecture took its present-day form in 1876 , when it merged with its southern neighbor .


The Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc is a Ukrainian electoral alliance led by the politician Yulia Tymoshenko , current Prime Minister of Ukraine .

The Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc is the name of the bloc of political parties in Ukraine led by Yulia Tymoshenko .


Cresseveuille is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France .

Cresseveuille is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France .


Pocatello is a city of Idaho in the United States .

As of the 2010 census the population of Pocatello was 54,255 . Pocatello is the fourth-largest city in the state , slightly larger than Idaho Falls .


Louise Ã lisabeth d'Orl Ã ans ( 11 December 1709 â `` 16 June 1742 ) was the wife of Louis I of Spain .

Louise Ã lisabeth d'Orl Ã ans ( 11 December 1709 â `` 16 June 1742 ) was Queen consort of Spain as the wife of King Louis I. In her adopted country , she was known as Luisa Isabel de OrlÃ ans .


NBC News is the news division of American television network NBC . NBC News makes MSNBC channel , Today Show and news programs .

NBC News Channel also served as the production base of NBC Nightside .


NBC News makes MSNBC channel , Today Show and news programs .

The new studios\/headquarters for NBC News and MSNBC are now located in one area .


BlÃ signac is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France .

BlÃ signac is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .


La Ville-aux-Bois-l Ã s-Dizy is a commune .

La Ville-aux-Bois-l Ã s-Dizy is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


Zittau ( Czech Å 1\/2 itava , Polish Å '' ytawa ) is a city in the southeast of the Free State of Saxony , Germany . It is close to the border triangle between Germany , Poland and the Czech Republic .

Zittau is a city in the south east of the Free State of Saxony , Germany , close to the border tripoint of Germany , Poland , and the Czech Republic .


It is part of the GÃ rlitz rural district .


Caulaincourt is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

Caulaincourt is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


Guy Rupert Berryman ( born 12 April 1978 ) is a Scottish guitarist . He is a member of the rock band Coldplay .

Guy Rupert Berryman ( 12 April 1978 , in Kirkcaldy , Scotland ) is a Scottish musician best known as the bassist for the groups Coldplay and Apparatjik .


The London Borough of Wandsworth is a London Borough .

The borough was formed in 1965 from the former area of the Metropolitan Borough of Battersea and much of the former area of the Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth , but excluding Clapham and most of Streatham , both of which were transferred to the London Borough of Lambeth . The borough borders the London Borough of Lambeth to the east , the London Borough of Merton and the Royal Borough of Kingston Upon Thames to the south , the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames to the west and to the north ( across the River Thames ) three boroughs , namely the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham , Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and the City of Westminster .


The London Borough of Wandsworth is a London Borough . It is in south west London .

The London Borough of Wandsworth is a London borough in southwest London , England , and forms part of Inner London .


Noble Energy , Inc. of Houston , Texas is the modern name of Noble Affiliates Inc. , by which it was known through the 1990s , and it is now an oil and natural gas exploration and production company with almost US$ 3 billion in income at # 660 on the 2007 Fortune 1000 list of the largest American companies .

Noble Energy , Inc. of Houston , Texas , United States is the modern name of Noble Affiliates Inc. , by which it was known through the 1990s , and it is now an oil and natural gas exploration and production company with almost US$ 3 billion in revenue at # 660 on the 2007 Fortune 1000 list of the largest American companies .


In 1985 , Noble Affiliates started its subsidiary Noble Drilling Corporation to shareholders , and that company in turn went public by the early 1990s , and then became Noble Corporation , an S&P 500 company .

In 1985 , Noble Affiliates spun off its subsidiary Noble Drilling Corporation to shareholders , and that company in turn went public by the early 1990s , and then became Noble Corporation , an S&P 500 company .


The KGB ended when its chief , Colonel-General Vladimir Kryuchkov , used the KGB 's resources to help the August 1991 coup attempt to overthrow Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev .

In the 1980s , the glasnost liberalisation of Soviet society provoked KGB Chairman Vladimir Kryuchkov ( 1988 â `` 91 ) to lead the August 1991 Soviet coup d' Ã tat attempt to depose President Mikhail Gorbachev .


In March 1953 , Lavrenty Beria merged the MVD and the MGB into one agency -- the MVD .

Moreover , expecting to succeed Joseph Stalin as leader of the USSR , the ambitious head of the MVD ( Ministry of Internal Affairs ) , Lavrentiy Beria merged the MGB and the MVD on Stalin 's death in 1953 .


In histology , adipose tissue or body fat or just fat is loose tissue made up of cells called adipocytes .

In histology , adipose tissue or body fat or fat depot or just fat is loose connective tissue composed of adipocytes .


Laboule is a commune in the ArdÃ che dÃ partement in southern France .

Laboule is a commune in the ArdÃ che department in southern France .


Sonvico is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland .

Sonvico is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland .


Ron McGovney ( born November 2 , 1963 ) was Metallica 's first bassist before Cliff Burton .

Ron McGovney ( born November 2 , 1963 in Los Angeles , California ) is a former American musician , best known as the original bassist in the heavy metal band Metallica .


Demography can also be applied to entires groups defined by nationality , religion and ethnicity .

Demographic analysis can be applied to whole societies or to groups defined by criteria such as education , nationality , religion and ethnicity . Institutionally , demography is usually considered a field of sociology , though there are a number of independent demography departments .


The Governor of Western Australia , James Stirling , named the city Albany in 1832 after Prince Frederick , Duke of York and Albany , the second son of King George III .

It is named after Prince Frederick , Duke of York and Albany , and son of King George III .


Anthony Michael Lazzeri ( December 6 , 1903 â '' August 6 , 1946 ) was a Major League Baseball player , mostly for the New York Yankees .

Anthony Michael `` Tony '' Lazzeri ( December 6 , 1903 â '' August 6 , 1946 ) was an American Major League Baseball player during the 1920s and 1930s , predominantly with the New York Yankees .


The Alfa Romeo 147 is a automobile produced by Alfa Romeo from 2000 until 2010 .

The Alfa Romeo 147 is a small family car produced by Italian automaker Alfa Romeo from 2000 to 2010 .


The Cro-Magnon were the first early modern humans ( early Homo sapiens sapiens ) of the European Upper Paleolithic in Europe .

The Cro-Magnon ( , French ) were the first early modern humans ( early Homo sapiens sapiens ) of the European Upper Paleolithic .


Religious persecution may occur in the following forms :

Religious persecution has taken place at least since the Persecution of early Christians in the Roman Empire , and has happened in completely different historical , geographical and social contexts , but still , some generalizations are necessary . One period of religious persecution which has been studied extensively is early modern England , since the rejection of religious persecution , now common in the Western world , originated there .


The National Museum of the United States Air Force ( formerly the United States Air Force Museum ) is the official national museum of the United States Air Force and is located on Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , near Dayton , Ohio .

The National Museum of the United States Air Force ( formerly the United States Air Force Museum ) is the official National Museum of the United States Air Force and is located at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , near Dayton , Ohio .


Over 400 aircraft and missiles are on display , most of them indoors .

More than 360 aircraft and missiles are on display , most of them indoors .


The museum has many rare and important aircraft and other exhibits , including one of four surviving Convair B-36s , the only surviving XB-70 Valkyrie , and Bockscar -- the B-29 Superfortress that dropped the second atomic bomb in World War II .

Included in the permanent collections are one of four surviving Convair B-36s , the only surviving XB-70 Valkyrie , and Bockscarâ '' the B-29 Superfortress that dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki during the last days of World War II .


Roy Richard Scheider ( November 10 , 1932 â `` February 10 , 2008 ) was an Academy Award - and Golden Globe-nominated American actor .

Roy Richard Scheider ( November 10 , 1932 â `` February 10 , 2008 ) was an American actor .


He was best known for his role as police chief Martin Brody in the 1975 movie Jaws , his Academy Award nominated role ( but he did not win the award ) as Joe Gideon in the movie All That Jazz , and as Captain Nathan Bridger in Steven Spielberg 's Emmy Award winning television series seaQuest DSV .

He was best known for his role as police chief Martin C. Brody in Jaws , as choreographer and film director Joe Gideon in All That Jazz , detective Buddy `` Cloudy '' Russo in The French Connection and his role as Captain Nathan Bridger in science fiction television series seaQuest DSV .


Molson is a Canadian brewery that was created in 1786 by the founder John Molson .

Molson-specific brands in Canada and the United States include Molson Canadian ( lager ) , Molson Canadian Light , Molson Canadian 67 , Molson M , Molson Ice , Molson Golden , Molson Export ( ale ) , Molson Dry , Molson XXX , Stock Ale , Pilsner , Carling , Keystone Lager and Keystone Light , Bohemian and Calgary Export .


Molson is a Canadian brewery that was created in 1786 by the founder John Molson . It is the fifth largest brewery in the world .

As a result , Molson became the largest brewery in Canada and the fifth largest in the world .


Florence is a city in and the county seat of Lauderdale County , Alabama , United States . It is in the northwestern corner of the state .

Florence is a city in and the county seat of Lauderdale County , Alabama , United States , in the northwestern corner of the state .


After your first edit , you will probably get a welcome message on your userpage .

After your first edit , you will probably get a post on your userpage listing the `` Five Pillars of Wikipedia '' .


For the original version of this essay by Newyorkbrad , see this revision .

For the original version of this essay by , see this revision .


The Simple English Wikipedia is an `` encyclopedia that anyone can edit . ''

Wikipedia is `` the encyclopedia that anyone can edit . ''


Read more about Wikipedia 's privacy policy .

Read more about privacy , confidentiality and discretion on Wikipedia .


The Simple English Wikipedia has many policies about articles .


There is no age limit for editing this Wikipedia or writing new articles .

There is no age limit for editing Wikipedia or writing new articles .


How can you contribute to the Simple English Wikipedia ?


The Simple English Wikipedia is a community effort .


However , younger editors may need advice on editing the Simple English Wikipedia â `` this page aims to be your guide .

However , younger editors may need advice on editing Wikipedia â `` this page aims to be your guide .


Martinsville is a city of Illinois in the United States .

Martinsville is a city in Clark County , Illinois , United States .


The Bangladesh government made a postage stamp to honor his Nobel Award .

Bangladesh government brought out a commemorative stamp to honor his Nobel Award .


In 1967 Yunus studied at Vanderbilt University . He met Vera Forostenko , a student of Russian literature there .

In 1967 while Yunus attended Vanderbilt University , he met Vera Forostenko , a student of Russian literature at Vanderbilt University and daughter of Russian immigrants to Trenton , New Jersey , U.S. .


Yunus and his workers were threatened and women were told they would not have a Muslim burial if they borrowed money from the Grameen Bank , but they have given many , many loans to poor people .

Yunus and his colleagues encountered everything from violent radical leftists to the conservative clergy who told women that they would be denied a Muslim burial if they borrowed money from the Grameen Bank .


The Elders are to be funded by some of its first members , such as Richard Branson , Peter Gabriel , Ray Chambers , Michael Chambers , Bridgeway Foundation , Pam Omidyar , Humanity United , Amy Robbins , Shashi Ruia , Dick Tarlow , and The United Nations Foundation .

The Elders are to be independently funded by a group of Founders , including Richard Branson , Peter Gabriel , Ray Chambers ; Michael Chambers ; Bridgeway Foundation ; Pam Omidyar , Humanity United ; Amy Robbins ; Shashi Ruia , Dick Tarlow ; and The United Nations Foundation .


In 1944 , his family moved to the city of Chittagong , and he went to Lamabazar Primary School .

In 1944 , his family moved to the city of Chittagong , and he was shifted to Lamabazar Primary School from his village school .


On 1 October 1983 , Grameen was made a full bank and renamed the Grameen Bank ( Village Bank ) to give loans to poor Bangladeshis .

On 1 October 1983 the pilot project began operations as a full-fledged bank and was renamed the Grameen Bank ( Village Bank ) to make loans to poor Bangladeshis .


In December 1976 the government bank Janata Bank gave Yunus a loan that he could use to make lots of small loans to very poor people .

Yunus finally succeeded in securing a loan from the government Janata Bank to lend it to the poor in Jobra in December 1976 .


Ziaur Rahman , ( the president of India in the late 1970s ) , was in control of starting 40,392 village governments ( gram sarkar ) in 2003 .

Introduced by then president Ziaur Rahman in late 1970s , the Government formed 40,392 village governments ( gram sarkar ) as a fourth layer of government in 2003 .


He thought the job was boring so he took a job at Chittagong University as Head of the Economics department .

He found the job boring and resigned to join Chittagong University as head of the Economics department .


In 1961 he was given work as a lecturer in economics in Chittagong College .

Later he was appointed as a lecturer in economics in Chittagong College in 1961 .


Muhammad went to Chittagong Collegiate School and became the 16th best student out of 39,000 in East Pakistan .

Later , he passed the matriculation examination from Chittagong Collegiate School securing the 16th position among 39,000 students in East Pakistan .


In a speech given at University of California , Berkeley in 2002 , President Clinton said Dr. Yunus was `` a man who long ago should have won the Nobel Prize ( and ) Iâ ll keep saying that until they finally give it to him . ''

In a speech given at University of California , Berkeley in 2002 , President Clinton described Dr. Yunus as `` a man who long ago should have won the Nobel Prize ( and ) Iâ ll keep saying that until they finally give it to him . ''


Microcredit is a name for giving small loans . These loans are given to people with very little money .

These loans are given to entrepreneurs too poor to qualify for traditional bank loans .


Muhammad Yunus is a Bangladeshi banker and economist who was born on 28 June 1940 . He was a professor of economics and is famous for his work in microcredit .

Muhammad Yunus ( , pronounced ) ( born 28 June 1940 ) is a Bangladeshi economist and founder of the Grameen Bank , an institution that provides microcredit ( small loans to poor people possessing no collateral ) to help its clients establish creditworthiness and financial self-sufficiency .


On 18 July 2007 in Johannesburg , South Africa , Nelson Mandela , GraÃ a Machel , and Desmond Tutu began a group of world leaders to help the world .

On 18 July 2007 in Johannesburg , South Africa , Nelson Mandela , GraÃ a Machel , and Desmond Tutu convened a group of world leaders to contribute their wisdom , independent leadership and integrity together to the world .


The bank loans money to `` solidarity groups '' .

To ensure repayment , the bank uses a system of `` solidarity groups '' .


Muhammad Yunus was awarded the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize , along with Grameen Bank , for their efforts to create economic and social developments .

Muhammad Yunus was awarded the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize , along with Grameen Bank , for their efforts to create economic and social development .


Yunus himself has received several other national and international awards .

Yunus himself has received several other national and international honors .


During the Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971 , Yunus and other people from Bangladesh living in the United States started a citizens committee and controlled the Bangladesh Information Center to find help for the war .

During the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971 , Yunus founded a citizen 's committee and ran the Bangladesh Information Center , with other Bangladeshis living in the United States , to raise support for liberation .


As of July 2007 , Grameen Bank has loaned US$ 6.38 billion to 7.4 million people .

As of July 2007 , Grameen Bank has issued US$ 6.38 billion to 7.4 million borrowers .


In 1989 , these groups started to get their own names . The fisheries project became Grameen Motsho ( Grameen Fisheries Foundation ) and the irrigation project became Grameen Krishi ( Grameen Agriculture Foundation ) .

In 1989 , these diversified interests started growing into separate organizations , as the fisheries project became Grameen Motsho ( Grameen Fisheries Foundation ) and the irrigation project became Grameen Krishi ( Grameen Agriculture Foundation ) .


He said this in Rolling Stone magazine and in his autobiography : My Life .

He expressed this in Rolling Stone magazine as well as in his autobiography My Life .


Yunus oldest daughter , Monica , is an soprano singer in New York City .

Monica Yunus , his elder daughter , is a Bangladeshi-Russian American operatic soprano , working in New York City .


On 2 August 2005 , after a petition by the Bangladesh Legal Aids and Services Trust ( BLAST ) the High Court had declared Gram Sarkar illegal and unconstitutional .

On 2 August 2005 , in response to a petition filed by Bangladesh Legal Aids and Services Trust ( BLAST ) the High Court had declared Gram Sarkar illegal and unconstitutional .


He was given a Fulbright scholarship in 1965 , to study in the United States .

He was offered a Fulbright scholarship in 1965 to study in the United States .


After his MA studies , Yunus became part of the Bureau of Economics as a research assistant for Professor Nurul Islam and Rehman Sobhan .

Following his graduation , Yunus joined the Bureau of Economics as a research assistant to the economical researches of Professor Nurul Islam and Rehman Sobhan .


Yunus started the Grameen Bank . In 2006 , Yunus and the bank together , were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize , `` for their efforts to create economic and social development from below . ''

In 2006 Yunus and Grameen received the Nobel Peace Prize .


The Grameen Bank started other groups in the 1980s to do things such as keeping fishing ponds clean and building irrigation pumps .

The Grameen Bank started to diversify in the late 1980s when it started attending to unutilized or underutilized fishing ponds , as well as irrigation pumps like deep tubewells .


His group got more loans from other banks and by 1982 , 28,000 people had jobs with Grameen .


In 2006 Doctor Yunus and other important people , such as Professor Rehman Sobhan , Justice Muhammad Habibur Rahman , Doctor Kamal Hossain , Matiur Rahman , Mahfuz Anam and Debapriya Bhattchariya , tried to find good people to be elected for government .

In early 2006 Yunus , along with other members of the civil society including Professor Rehman Sobhan , Justice Muhammad Habibur Rahman , Dr Kamal Hossain , Matiur Rahman , Mahfuz Anam and Debapriya Bhattchariya , participated in a campaign for honest and clean candidates in national elections .


After being told of the important award , Yunus said that he would use part of his share of the $ 1.4 million award money to create a company that makes good food that the poor can afford and the rest would go toward starting an eye hospital for the poor in Bangladesh .

After receiving the news of the important award , Yunus announced that he would use part of his share of the $ 1.4 million award money to create a company to make low-cost , high-nutrition food for the poor ; while the rest would go toward setting up an eye hospital for the poor in Bangladesh .


Nelson Mandela announced this new group , The Global Elders , in a speech he on his 89th birthday .

Nelson Mandela announced the formation of this new group , The Global Elders , in a speech he delivered on the occasion of his 89th birthday .


His father was called Hazi Dula Mia Shoudagar , and worked as a jeweller . His mother was called Sofia Khatun .

His father was Hazi Dula Mia Shoudagar , a jeweler , and his mother was Sufia Khatun .


Former U.S. president Bill Clinton was one of the people who said the Nobel Prize should go to Muhammed Yunus .

Former U.S. president Bill Clinton was a vocal advocate for the awarding of the Nobel Prize to Muhammed Yunus .


He has won many other awards , such as the Ramon Magsaysay Award , the World Food Prize the Sydney Peace Prize , and in December 2007 the Ecuadorian Peace Prize .

He has won a number of other awards , including the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009 , the King Abdul Aziz medal in 2007 , the Ramon Magsaysay Award , the World Food Prize , the Sydney Peace Prize , and in December 2007 the Ecuadorian Peace Prize .


His early childhood years were spent in his village .

His early childhood years were spent in the village .


The letter asked everyone to give ideas for this and to offer him help Dr. Yunus started a political group called Citizens ' Power ( Nagorik Shakti ) on 18 February 2007 .

Yunus finally announced the foundation of a new party tentatively called Citizens ' Power ( Nagorik Shakti ) on 18 February 2007 .


By 1949 , his mother had a mental illness .

By 1949 , his mother was afflicted with psychological illness .


In the prize announcement The Norwegian Nobel Committee mentioned :


More than 94 % of Grameen loans have been given to women , who have less money and give more to their families .

More than 94 % of Grameen loans have gone to women , who suffer disproportionately from poverty and who are more likely than men to devote their earnings to their families .


Yunus and his friends started the Gram Sarkar ( the village government ) program to make the farm project better .

In order to make the project more effective , Yunus and his associates proposed the Gram Sarkar ( the village government ) program .


Yunus marriage with Vera ended a few months after the birth of their baby girl , Monica Yunus ( b. 1979 Chittagong ) . Vera returned to New Jersey and said that Bangladesh was not a good place to raise a baby .

Yunus 's marriage with Vera ended within months of the birth of their baby girl , Monica Yunus ( b. 1979 Chittagong ) , as Vera returned to New Jersey claiming that Bangladesh was not a good place to raise a baby .


On 11 February 2007 , Yunus wrote a letter , published in the Bangladeshi newspaper Daily Star , and he asked what people thought of creating a good government .

On 11 February 2007 , Yunus wrote an open letter , published in the Bangladeshi newspaper Daily Star , where he asked citizens for views on his plan to float a political party to establish political goodwill , proper leadership and good governance .


Some Jobra women were making bamboo furniture and had to take loans for buying bamboo but all their profits were being paid towards the loans .

Jobra women who made bamboo furniture had to take out usurious loans for buying bamboo , to pay their profits to the moneylenders .


In 2007 Yunus planned to start a political group called Nagorik Shakti ( `` Citizen Power '' ) in Bangladesh , but he has chosen not to start this group .

In early 2007 Yunus showed interest in launching a political party in Bangladesh named Nagorik Shakti ( Citizen Power ) , but later discarded the plan .


Professor Yunus brother Muhammad Ibrahim is a professor of physics at Dhaka University and the founder of The Center for Mass Education in Science ( CMES ) . They teach science to girls in villages .

His brother Muhammad Ibrahim is a professor of physics at Dhaka University and the founder of The Center for Mass Education in Science ( CMES ) , which brings science education to adolescent girls in villages .


The Grameen group has grown into many groups of profitable and non-profit , such as the Grameen Trust , the Grameen Fund , Grameen Software Limited , Grameen CyberNet Limited , Grameen Knitwear Limited , Grameen Telecom , and Grameenphone ( GP ) ( Grameenphone is the biggest private sector phone company in Bangladesh ) . .

Over time , the Grameen initiative has grown into a multi-faceted group of profitable and non-profit ventures , including major projects like Grameen Trust and Grameen Fund , which runs equity projects like Grameen Software Limited , Grameen CyberNet Limited , and Grameen Knitwear Limited , as well as Grameen Telecom , which has a stake in Grameenphone ( GP ) , biggest private sector phone company in Bangladesh .


The Village Phone ( Polli Phone ) project of Grameenphone has made it possible for 260,000 poor people in over 50,000 villages to own mobile phones since March 1997 .

The Village Phone ( Polli Phone ) project of GP has brought cell-phone ownership to 260,000 rural poor in over 50,000 villages since the beginning of the project in March 1997 .


During his school years , he was a Boy Scout , and traveled to West Pakistan and India in 1952 , and to Canada in 1955 to attend Jamborees .

During his school years , he was an active Boy Scout , and traveled to West Pakistan and India in 1952 , and to Canada in 1955 to attend Jamborees .


When Yunus was studying at Chittagong College , he won awards for drama acting .

Later when Yunus was studying at Chittagong College , he became active in cultural activities and won awards for drama acting .


He published a book called Banker to the Poor and helped start the Grameen Foundation .

He is the author of Banker to the Poor and a founding board member of Grameen America and Grameen Foundation .


Muhammad Yunus born on 28 June 1940 . He was the third child born to a Muslim family in the village of Bathua near the Boxihrat Road in Hathazari , Bangladesh ( Bangladesh was called British India at that time ) .

The third of nine children , Yunus was born on 28 June 1940 to a Muslim family in the village of Bathua , by the Boxirhat Road in Hathazari , Chittagong , then in Bengal Province of British India ( now in Bangladesh ) .


He worked with poverty reduction after he saw the Bangladesh famine of 1974 , and started a research project to help people who lived in the countryside .

He became involved with poverty reduction after observing the famine of 1974 , and established a rural economic program as a research project .


In 1976 , Yunus visited the poorest households in the village of Jobra near Chittagong University . He discovered that very small loans could be a lot of help to a poor person .

In 1976 , during visits to the poorest households in the village of Jobra near Chittagong University , Yunus discovered that very small loans could make a disproportionate difference to a poor person .


In 1957 , he started studying at the department of economics of Dhaka University . Chittagong College awarded him with a BA in 1960 , and a MA in 1961 .

In 1957 , he enrolled in the department of economics at Dhaka University and completed his BA in 1960 and MA in 1961 .


His younger brother Muhammad Jahangir is a popular television presenter .

His younger brother Muhammad Jahangir is a popular television presenter and a well known social activist in Bangladesh .


After some time , Yunus married Afrozi Yunus , who was a researcher in physics at Manchester University .

Yunus later married Afrozi Yunus , who was then a researcher in physics at Manchester University .


He was a professor of economics and is famous for his work in microcredit .

He previously was a professor of economics where he developed the concepts of microcredit and microfinance .


but on 3 May , Yunus stopped the group after a meeting with Fakhruddin Ahmed ( government politician ) .

On 3 May , however , Yunus declared that he had decided to abandon his political plans following a meeting with the head of the interim government , Fakhruddin Ahmed .


After the War , Yunus returned to Bangladesh and was given a job with the governments ' Planning Commission which was controlled by Nurul Islam .

After the War , Yunus returned to Bangladesh and was appointed to the government 's Planning Commission headed by Nurul Islam .


The first loan Muhammad Yunus gave was USD 27.00 from his pocket . This $ 27 was loaned to 42 women in the village , who made a profit of $ 00.02 each from the loan

His first loan , consisting of US$ 27.00 from his own pocket , was made to 42 women in the village , who made a net profit of BDT 0.50 ( US$ 0.02 ) each on the loan .


He published the Bangladesh Newsletter from his home in Nashville .

He also published the Bangladesh Newsletter from his home in Nashville .


Yunus is one of the first members of this group . Other members include Machel , Kofi Annan , Ela Bhatt , Gro Harlem Brundtland , Jimmy Carter , Li Zhaoxing , and Mary Robinson .

The founding members of this group include Machel , Yunus , Kofi Annan , Ela Bhatt , Gro Harlem Brundtland , Jimmy Carter , Li Zhaoxing , and Mary Robinson .


In 1975 , he starteded a Nabajug Tebhaga Khamar ( new era three share farm ) which the government called the Packaged Input Programme .

In 1975 , he developed a Nabajug ( New Era ) Tebhaga Khamar ( three share farm ) which the government adopted as the Packaged Input Programme .


Additionally , Dr. Yunus has been awarded 26 honorary doctorate degrees , and 15 special awards .


She was appointed as a professor of physics at Jahangirnagar University .

She was later appointed as a professor of physics at Jahangirnagar University .


Near the frog is the grip , which is made of leather or sometimes snakeskin .

Near the frog is the grip , which is made of a wire , silk , or `` whalebone '' wrap and a thumb cushion made of leather or snakeskin .


The Chinese yazheng and yaqin , and Korean ajaeng zithers are generally played by `` bowing '' with a rosined stick , which rubs against the strings without any horsehair .

The Chinese yazheng and yaqin , and Korean ajaeng zithers are generally played by `` bowing '' with a rosined stick , which creates friction against the strings without any horsehair .


The hurdy-gurdy , an instrument known in medieval Europe , has strings which are bowed by a `` rosin wheel , '' which is turned by a handle .

The hurdy-gurdy 's strings are similarly set into vibration by means of a `` rosin wheel , '' a wooden wheel which contacts the strings as it is rotated by means of a crank handle , creating a `` bowed '' tone .


The kind of bow in use today was developed by the bow-maker FranÃ ois Tourte in 19th century France .

The kind of bow in use today was brought into its modern form largely by the archetier \/ bow-maker FranÃ ois Tourte in 19th century France .


The frog may be made of ebony , but sometimes it is made of ivory or tortoiseshell .

For the frog , which holds and adjusts the near end of the horsehair , ebony is most often used , but other materials , often decorative , are used as well ; these include ivory and tortoiseshell .


This article is about the bow used to play musical instruments . For other meanings , see Bow .

The question of when and where the bow was invented is of interest because the bow made possible several of the most important instruments in music today .


The word `` superhuman '' may also mean something that is not human but can do something that humans can not , like a robot that can think faster than a person can .

Superhuman can also mean something that is not human , but considered to be `` superior '' to humans in some ways . A robot that easily passed the Turing test , and could do some things humans can not , could be considered superhuman .


Bismuth ( III ) sulfide , also known as bismuth sulfide , is a chemical compound .

Bismuth ( III ) sulfide is a chemical compound of bismuth and sulfur .


Australian spelling is generally very similar to British spelling .

Australian spelling generally follows conventions of British English .


In words like organise , realize , both - ise and - ize are accepted , as in British English , but , - ise is preferred .

As in British spelling , the ` u ' is retained in words such as honor and favor and the - ise ending is used in words such as organise and realize , although - ize may be tolerated , and occasionally appears in official contexts .


Cultivated Australian English is close to British English .

Cultivated Australian English has some similarities to British Received Pronunciation , and is often mistaken for it .


Judy Davis and Geoffrey Rush speak Cultivated Australian English .

Cultivated Australian English is spoken by some within Australian society , for example Cyril Ritchard , Geoffrey Rush and Judy Davis .


Carlos SaÃ l Menem ( born in La Rioja , July 2 , 1930 ) was the president of Argentina from July 8 , 1989 to December 10 , 1999 .

Carlos SaÃ l Menem ( born July 2 , 1930 ) is an Argentine politician who was President of Argentina from 1989 to 1999 .


It was seen while J. N. Spitale was trying to confirm the orbit of another object , that was seen 5 hours earlier just on the farther edge of the F ring .

It was spotted while J. N. Spitale was trying to confirm the orbit of another provisional object , that was seen 5 hours earlier just exterior to the F ring .


Such an object might also be orbiting at a bit different inclination to the F ring , thereby not actually passing through the ring material even though it was being seen both radially inward and outward of it .

Such an object might also be orbiting at a slightly different inclination to the F ring , thereby not actually passing through the ring material despite being seen both radially inward and outward of it .


Notably , an imaging sequence covering an entire orbital period at 4 km resolution taken on 15 November , 2004 failed to find the object .

Notably , an imaging sequence covering an entire orbital period at 4 km resolution taken on November 15 , 2004 failed to recover the object .


This suggests that it was a clump of material that had disappeared by that time .

This suggests that it was a temporary clump of material that had disappeared by that time .


' is the designation of an object that astronomers do not know for sure if it exists seen orbiting Saturn within the closer part of the F ring on 21 June , 2004 .

' is the provisional designation of an unconfirmed object seen orbiting Saturn within the inner strand of the F ring on June 21 , 2004 .


The condition of a coin is very important in finding the price of the coin . Some coins which cost almost nothing in poor condition can be worth thousands of times as much in new condition .

In coin collecting , the condition of a coin is paramount to its value ; a high-quality example is often worth many times more than a poor example .


The Bergen County Academies is a public high school in Hackensack of New Jersey .

The Bergen County Academies ( sometimes referred to as Bergen Academy or BCA ) is a magnet public high school located in Hackensack that serves the high school population of Bergen County , New Jersey .


Weingartner was born in Zara , Dalmatia , which today is called Zadar in Croatia . His parents were Austrian .

Weingartner was born in Zara , Dalmatia , Austriaâ `` Hungary ( now Zadar , Croatia ) , to Austrian parents , and the family moved to Graz in 1868 .


From 1912 he was again Kapellmeister in Hamburg , but in 1914 he went to Darmstadt .

From 1912 he was again Kapellmeister in Hamburg , but resigned in 1914 and went to Darmstadt as general music director .


Felix von Weingartner ( born 2 June 1863 ; died Winterthur , 7 May 1942 ) was an Austrian conductor , composer and pianist .

Paul Felix von Weingartner , Edler von MÃ 1\/4 nzberg ( 2 June 1863 -- 7 May 1942 ) was an Austrian conductor , composer and pianist .


From 1891 he was Kapellmeister of the Royal Opera and conductor of symphony concerts in Berlin .

From 1885 to 1887 he was Kapellmeister in Danzig , then until 1889 in Hamburg , and until 1891 in Mannheim . From 1891 he was Kapellmeister of the Royal Opera and conductor of symphony concerts in Berlin ; he resigned from the Opera , though continuing to conduct the Symphony concerts , and settled in Munich , where he incurred the enmity of Rudolf Louis and Ludwig Thuille .


From 1908 to 1911 he was the main conductor of the Vienna Hofoper , following on from Gustav Mahler . He kept the job of conductor of the Vienna Philharmonic until 1927 .

From 1908 to 1911 he was the principal conductor of the Vienna Hofoper succeeding Gustav Mahler ; he retained the conductorship of the Vienna Philharmonic until 1927 .


In 1902 , at the Festival of Mainz , Weingartner conducted all the symphonies of Beethoven .

In 1902 , at the Festival of Mainz , Weingartner conducted the complete symphonies of Beethoven .


In the same year , 1884 , he became the director of the KÃ nigsberg Opera .

The same year , 1884 , he became the director of the KÃ nigsberg Opera .


From 1927 to 1934 he was conductor of the Sinfonieorchester Basel .

From 1927 to 1934 he was music director of the Sinfonieorchester Basel .


At the beach , there is silicon in the form of sand . Sand is a compound of silicon known as silicon dioxide or silica .

Silicon is usually found in the form of silicon dioxide ( also known as quartz ) , and other more complex silicate minerals .


The use of silicon in semiconductor devices demands a much greater purity than afforded by metallurgical grade silicon .


Sand is a compound of silicon known as silicon dioxide or silica .

Today , silicon is purified by converting it to a silicon compound that can be more easily purified by distillation than in its original state , and then converting that silicon compound back into pure silicon . Trichlorosilane is the silicon compound most commonly used as the intermediate , although silicon tetrachloride and silane are also used .


There is a lot of silicon on the Earth . At the beach , there is silicon in the form of sand .

Other geographic locations with connections to the industry have since characterized themselves as Siliconia as well , for example Silicon Forest in Oregon , Silicon Hills in Austin , Silicon Saxony in Germany , Silicon Valley in India , and Silicon Border in Mexicali .


2005 ( MMV ) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar .

2005 ( MMV ) was a Common year that started on a Saturday ( dominical letter B ) in the Gregorian calendar .


The tournament was an event run by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) . It was part of the 2011 ATP World Tour and the 2011 WTA Tour calendars , under the Grand Slam group .

The tournament was an event run by the International Tennis Federation ( ITF ) and Tennis Australia , that was part of the 2011 ATP World Tour and the 2011 WTA Tour calendars , under the Grand Slam category .


While Marin Ä iliÄ , semifinalist from 2010 defeated John Isner 9 â `` 7 in the final set .


In the Quadipedic events David Wagner won the singles . Andrew Lapthorne and Peter Norfolk won the doubles competition .

In the Quad events David Wagner won the singles while Andrew Lapthorne and Peter Norfolk took the doubles crown .