For ease of reading , the titles below are in English .

For ease of reading , the short titles below are in English .


Trinity College Library , University of Cambridge .


Ray published important works on plants , animals , and natural theology .

He published important works on botany , zoology , and natural theology .


Ray rejected the system by which species were classified according to an either\/or type system . Instead he classified plants by observation according to similarities and differences .

Ray rejected the system of dichotomous division by which species were classified according to a pre-conceived , either\/or type system , and instead classified plants according to similarities and differences that emerged from observation .


Paars is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

Paars is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


Rochepaule is a commune in the ArdÃ che dÃ partement in southern France .

Rochepaule is a commune in the ArdÃ che department in southern France .


Ostroveni is a commune found in Dolj County , Romania .

Ostroveni is a commune in Dolj County , Romania with a population of 5,684 people .


Dumbarton F.C. is a football club which plays in Scotland .

Dumbarton Football Club is a football ( soccer ) club from Scotland .


It later moved to Solna , just outside Stockholm , and a second campus has been built in Flemingsberg\/Huddinge , south of Stockholm .

Its main campus was moved decades later and located in Solna , just outside Stockholm , and a second campus more recently in Flemingsberg\/Huddinge south of Stockholm .


The Karolinska University Hospital , in Solna and Huddinge , is the university 's research and teaching hospital .

The Karolinska University Hospital , located in Solna and Huddinge , is associated with the university as a research and teaching hospital .


It is one of Sweden 's largest centres for training and research , with 30 percent of the medical training and 40 percent of the medical academic research .

It is one of Sweden 's largest centres for training and research , accounting for 30 percent of the medical training and 40 percent of the medical academic research conducted nationwide .


In 1817 the name ` Karolinska ' was added as a reference to ` Karoliner ' which was the name of soldiers under the Swedish king Karl XII .

In 1817 the prefix ` Karolinska ' was added as a reference to the then Swedish king Karl XIII .


The full name thus became ` Kongliga Carolinska Medico Chirurgiska Institutet ' .


Karolinska Institutet was started between 1810 and 1811 to teach army surgeons .

Karolinska Institutet was founded in the period between 1810 and 1811 , following the Finnish War , as a training center for army surgeons .


Dame Julie Elizabeth Andrews ( born Julia Elizabeth Wells on October 1 , 1935 ) is a British actress .

Julie Andrews was born Julia Elizabeth Wells on 1 October 1935 in Walton-on-Thames , Surrey , England .


Walter Zenga ( born 28 April 1960 ) is a former Italian football player .

Walter Zenga ( born 28 April 1960 in Milan ) is a retired Italian footballer and current manager .


Kurt Eisner ( 14 May 1867 in Berlin â `` 21 February 1919 in Munich ) was a Bavarian politician and journalist .

Kurt Eisner ( 14 May 1867 - 21 February 1919 ) was a Bavarian politician and journalist .


As a German socialist journalist and statesman , he organized the Socialist Revolution that toke over the Wittelsbach monarchy in Bavaria in November 1918 .

As a German socialist journalist and statesman , he organized the Socialist Revolution that overthrew the Wittelsbach monarchy in Bavaria in November 1918 .


This article has explanations for any leap year starting on Thursday such as 2004 .

This is the calendar for any leap year starting on Thursday ( dominical letter DC ) , such as 2004 or 2032 .


Its capital and largest city is Kielce .


Å wiÄ tokrzyskie Voivodeship is one of the 16 Voivodeships of Poland .

Å wiÄ tokrzyskie Voivodeship , or Å wiÄ tokrzyskie Province , is one of the 16 voivodeships ( provinces ) into which Poland is presently divided .


Å wiÄ tokrzyskie Voivodeship is one of the 16 Voivodeships of Poland . Name of the Voivodeship came from local mountains called Å wiÄ tokrzyskie Mountains .

Protected areas in Å wiÄ tokrzyskie Voivodeship include one National Park and nine Landscape Parks .


The SEAT Toledo is a automobile produced by SEAT in three generations from 1991 until 2009 .

The SEAT Toledo is an automobile built and marketed by Spanish automaker SEAT , part of Volkswagen Group . The Toledo name was first introduced to the SEAT line-up in May 1991 , with the third and more recent generation was introduced in late 2004 as a 2005 model year car .


Paul is a city in Minidoka County , Idaho in the United States .

Paul is a city in Minidoka County , Idaho , United States .


The population was 998 at the 2000 census .


( Only Alitalia , without Air One , Alitalia Express and Air One CityLiner . )

Alitalia has since opened up code-share agreements with SkyTeam members , allowing passengers to fly to numerous destinations using a single Alitalia ticket .


Every police force in the United Kingdom has a Chief Constable except the City of London Police and the Metropolitan Police Service .

In London , the Metropolitan Police and the City of London Police are led by Commissioners rather than Chief Constables . Chief Constable was , however , a lower rank in the Metropolitan Police which existed between 1886 and 1946 .


A Chief Constable is the top police officer in a police force in the United Kingdom . Every police force in the United Kingdom has a Chief Constable except the City of London Police and the Metropolitan Police Service .

Chief Constable is the title given to the chief police officer of every territorial police force in the United Kingdom except for the City of London Police and the Metropolitan Police , as well as the chief officers of the British Transport Police , Ministry of Defense Police , Civil Nuclear Constabulary and Isle of Man Constabulary .


A Chief Constable is the top police officer in a police force in the United Kingdom .

The Chief Officer of Liverpool City Police was traditionally known as the Head Constable instead of the Chief Constable .


It was released on January 16 , 2009 , in the United States by Columbia Pictures .

It was released on January 16 , 2009 by Columbia Pictures .


The movie received negative reviews from critics .

The film was considered mostly a critical failure , receiving mostly negative reviews from movie critics ( although was a box office success ) .


Paul Blart : Mall Cop is a 2009 American comedy movie starring Kevin James , Keir O'Donnell , and Jayma Mays .

Paul Blart : Mall Cop is a 2009 American crime comedy film written by and starring Kevin James as the title character and directed by Steve Carr .


Space has been reserved for the addition of an interchange station and two extra tracks ( to allow non-stop service for the Airport Express ) between Olympic and Lai King .

Space had been reserved for the addition of an interchange station and two extra tracks ( to allow nonstop service for the Airport Express ) between Olympic and Lai King .


It runs between Sunny Bay station to Disneyland Resort station , which is designed to blend in with the Hong Kong Disneyland to create a resort ambience .

It is a 3.5 â `` kilometre single-track railway that runs between Sunny Bay station and Disneyland Resort station . The Disneyland Resort station itself was designed to blend in with the ambience of the resort .


The Disneyland Resort Line , previously known as Penny 's Bay Rail Link , provides service to the Hong Kong Disneyland Resort which was opened on 12 September 2005 .


Construction began on 24 April 1999 and the line officially opened in 2002 . It took over the train tracks running through the Eastern Harbour Tunnel from the Kwun Tong Line , and ran from Po Lam to North Point .

Construction began on 24 April 1999 and the line officially opened in 2002 , taking over the train tracks running through the Eastern Harbour Tunnel from the Kwun Tong Line , running from Po Lam to North Point .


Plans for a single contract were also abandoned in favor of 25 engineering contracts and 10 electrical and mechanical contracts .

Plans for a single contract were abandoned in favor of 25 engineering contracts and 10 electrical and mechanical contracts .


On 1 October 1979 , the northern section was opened , with trains running from Shek Kip Mei to Kwun Tong .

Trains on this route ran from Shek Kip Mei Station to Kwun Tong Station .


Initially run in 7-car formations , they have now been lengthened to eight cars .

Initially run in seven-car formations , they have now been lengthened to eight cars .


The station opened on 20 December 2005 to meet the opening of the exhibition center .

The station opened on 20 December 2005 along with the exhibition center .


Construction began in September 1997 and was completed in September 2001 at a cost of HK$ 3.0 billion .

Construction began in September 1997 and was completed in September 2001 at a cost of HK$ 3.0 billion ( US$ 385 million ) .


The Government paid part of the cost for this construction , and the money came also from private developers which linked construction of the Tseung Kwan O Line to new real estate and commercial developments .

Construction costs were partly covered by the Hong Kong Government and private developers which linked construction of the Tseung Kwan O Line to new real estate and commercial developments .


People are still arguing about how and where to expand the MTR network next .

There are continual debates regarding how and where to expand the MTR network .


A free Airport Express shuttle bus service transports travellers from stations to their respective hotels as well . Flight passengers can even have in-town check-in at the station , which offers a more convenient and time-saving routine .

The Airport Express also offers flight check-in facilities at Kowloon Station and Hong Kong Station â `` the in-town check-ins offers a more convenient and time-saving routine ; a free shuttle bus service transports travellers from these stations to their respective hotels as well .


The consultants released the Hong Kong Mass Transport Study in September 1967 , which proposed the construction of a mass transport underground railway system in Hong Kong .

On 1 September 1967 , the consultants submitted the Hong Kong Mass Transport Study to the government , which recommended the construction of a 40 m rapid-transit rail system in Hong Kong .


Hong Kong government made a study of these problems .

On 5 October 2000 , the operator of the MTR network , MTR Corporation Limited ( MTRCL ) , became Hong Kong 's first rail company to be privatised , marking the beginning of the Hong Kong government 's initiative to dissolve its interests in public utilities . Prior to its listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange , the Mass Transit Railway Corporation ( MTRC ) was wholly owned by the Hong Kong government .


Unlike many other metro systems around the world , `` main line '' MTR stations do not have toilet facilities , although their installation has been contemplated .

Unlike many other metro systems around the world , `` main line '' MTR stations do not have toilet facilities available for public use , although their installation has been contemplated .


Police officers patrol on trains and stations , and police posts are available at some stations .

Police officers patrol the trains and stations , and police posts are available at some stations .


It was made up of the West Island Line that took the Island Line to Kennedy Town , and the South Island Line ( East section ) from Admiralty to Ap Lei Chau and South Island Line ( West section ) that connects the other two lines .

This consisted of the West Island Line which is an extension of the Island Line to Kennedy Town , the South Island Line ( East section ) from Admiralty to Ap Lei Chau and the South Island Line ( West section ) that connects the previous two lines .


In June 2000 , The MTR Corporation proceeded with its plans to retrofit 2,960 pairs of platform screen doors at all 30 underground stations on the Kwun Tong Line , Tsuen Wan Line , and Island Line in a six year program .

In June 2000 , MTRCL proceeded with its plans to retrofit 2,960 pairs of platform screen doors at all 30 underground stations on the Kwun Tong Line , Tsuen Wan Line , and Island Line in a six year program .


This change was made because system planners expected traffic of the Tsuen Wan Line would exceed that of the Kwun Tong Line .

This change was made because system planners expected the traffic of the Tsuen Wan Line to exceed that of the Kwun Tong Line .


Government approvals were granted for construction of the in December , 1980 .

Government approvals were granted for construction of the Island Line in December 1980 .


The Octopus card is a rechargeable contactless smart card used in an electronic payment system in Hong Kong .

The Octopus card is a rechargeable contactless smart card used in an electronic payment system in Hong Kong developed by Australian-based company ERG Group .


It is interesting to note that since the line 's opening in 1982 , this is the only line whose alignment has virtually remained the same for the past 23 years .

Since the opening in 1982 , the Tsuen Wan Line is the only line whose alignment has virtually remained the same for the past 23 years .


Thus , Waterloo became the terminus of the Kwun Tong Line , and both Argyle and Prince Edward stations became interchange stations .

Thus , Waterloo station ( since renamed Yau Ma Tei Station ) became the terminus of the Kwun Tong Line , and both Argyle and Prince Edward stations became interchange stations .


The Kwun Tong Line was extended across the harbor to Quarry Bay , which became an interchange station for the Kwun Tong Line and the Island Line . The extension was launched on 5 August 1989 .

The Kwun Tong Line was extended across the harbor on 5 August 1989 to Quarry Bay Station , which became an interchange station for the Kwun Tong Line and the Island Line .


On 23 May 1986 , service reached Sheung Wan station .

On 23 May 1986 , the Island Line was extended to Sheung Wan Station .


While the construction of the Tung Chung Line was still underway , the plan for building a railway corridor to serve the northwestern New Territories was conceived .

While the construction of the Tung Chung Line was still underway , the plan to build a railway corridor serving the northwestern New Territories was conceived .


The new line and Disneyland Resort station opened for service on 1 August 2005 .

The new line and the Disneyland Resort station opened on 1 August 2005 .


The government invited the MTR to build a train line , then known as the Lantau Airport Railway , to the airport .

The government invited the MTRC to build a train line , then known as the Lantau Airport Railway , to the airport .


To cope with the projected increase in patronage , Airport Express trains has expanded from 7 cars to 8 cars .

To cope with the projected increase in patronage , Airport Express trains have been expanded to utilise eight carriages from the previous seven .


After almost four years , the northern section was completed on 30 September 1979 .

The northern section was completed on 30 September 1979 and opened on 1 October 1979 .


Hong Kong 's growing economy caused a lot of traffic problems . Hong Kong government made a study of these problems .

The Hong Kong Government had previously commissioned a study in the 1960s to find solutions to the growing traffic problem caused by the expansion of the territory 's economy .


Although land acquisitions were made for a station at Tsuen Wan West , the station was never built .

Although land acquisitions were made for a station at Tsuen Wan West , beyond Tseun Wan station , as part of the Tseun Wan branch , the station was never built .


The line started service on 10 May 1982 with a total cost of construction ( not adjusted for inflation ) at HK$ 4.1 billion .

The line started service on 10 May 1982 with a total cost of construction ( not adjusted for inflation ) of HK$ 4.1 billion ( US$ 526 million ) .


This is not to be confused with Tsuen Wan West Station on KCR West Rail , which lies on the newly reclaimed area near the former ferry pier .

This is not to be confused with Tsuen Wan West Station on West Rail Line , which lies on the newly reclaimed area near the former ferry pier .


It was launched in September 1997 for use on both the MTR and the KCR and now is the most widely used electronic cash system for transactions in Hong Kong as many retailers are fitted with readers .

It was launched in September 1997 for use on the MTR ( and KCR , now operated by MTR ) and now is the most widely used electronic cash system for transactions in Hong Kong as many retailers ( including supermarkets and fast food outlets ) are fitted with readers .


The Quarry Bay Congestion Relief Works involved extending the Hong Kong Island end of the Kwun Tong Line from Quarry Bay to North Point via a 4.2 kilometre tunnel .

The Quarry Bay Congestion Relief Works involved extending the Hong Kong Island end of the Kwun Tong Line from Quarry Bay to North Point via a 4.2 â `` kilometre tunnel .


Construction started soon after the release of the study , and the first line was opened in 1979 .


The Tung Chung Line trains have been running on the new track since mid May 2003 , whereas the Mei Foo station interchange subway and the Nam Cheong station were opened at the same time the West Rail opened for public use in December 2003 .

The Tung Chung Line trains have been diverted to the new track since mid May 2003 , whereas the Mei Foo station interchange subway and the Nam Cheong station were opened at the same time the West Rail Line opened for public use in December 2003 .


The new Asia World-Expo station is an extension of the Airport Express to serve the new international exhibition center , known as the AsiaWorld-Expo at Hong Kong International Airport .

The new AsiaWorld-Expo Station is an extension of the Airport Express serving the new international exhibition center , known as the AsiaWorld-Expo at Hong Kong International Airport .


Construction for this station was delayed for one year as government offices which sat on top of the station had to be removed to a new location before construction could start .

Construction was delayed for one year , as government offices which were located over the station had to be moved before the construction could start .


Since the privatisation of the MTR , however , numerous shops have been added to certain stations , turning them into miniature shopping centres .

Since then , the number and types of shops have increased at certain stations , turning them into miniature shopping centres .


British transport consultants Freeman , Fox , Wilbur Smith & Associates were appointed to study the transport system of Hong Kong .

British transportation consultants Freeman , Fox , Wilbur Smith & Associates were appointed to study the transportation system of Hong Kong .


A full GSM ( GSM-900 and GSM-1800 ) , CDMA and TDMA mobile phone network is in place through out the MTR system of stations and tunnels . Passengers can stay connected underground .

A full GSM ( GSM-900 and GSM-1800 ) , CDMA and TDMA mobile phone network is in place through out the MTR system of stations and tunnels allowing passengers to stay connected underground .


Only children below the age of 12 , senior citizens 65 years or older , or full-time Hong Kong students between the ages of 12 and 25 qualify for the concessionary rate .

Only children below the age of 12 , senior citizens 65 years or older are eligible for the concessionary rate on all lines . Full-time Hong Kong students between the ages of 12 and 25 qualify for the concessionary rate on all lines except on Airport Express .


In 1970 , an underground network with four lines was laid out and planned as part of the British consultants ' new report , Hong Kong Mass Transit : Further Studies .

In 1970 , a system with four lines was laid out and planned as part of the British consultants ' new report , Hong Kong Mass Transit : Further Studies .


On 31 May 1985 the Island Line was opened with service between Admiralty and Chai Wan stations .

On 31 March 1985 , the Island Line was opened with service between Admiralty Station and Chai Wan Station .


With the objective `` not only bring MTR passengers more time for life , but also more time for art '' , the `` Art in MTR '' Initiative has been a success since its reception in 1998 , where the Airport Express Artwork Programme was the pioneer project .

With the objective `` not only bring MTR passengers more time for life , but also more time for art '' , the Art in MTR Initiative has been a success since its reception in 1998 , where the Airport Express Artwork Programme was the pioneer project .


The route from Tsim Sha Tsui to Shek Kip Mei was opened in December of the same year .

The route from Tsim Sha Tsui Station to Shek Kip Mei Station opened in December 1979 .


The MTR Corporation said that part of the cost had to be assumed by passengers .

MTRCL said that part of the cost had to be assumed by passengers .


Examples of this type of construction can be seen at Tsing Yi station , which is built next to the Maritime Square shopping center , and directly underneath the Tierra Verde housing estate .

For example , Tsing Yi station is built next to the Maritime Square shopping center and directly underneath the Tierra Verde housing estate .


The opened for service on 6 July 1998 along with the new Hong Kong International Airport .

The Airport Express opened for service on 6 July 1998 along with the new Hong Kong International Airport .


Construction costs were also shared by the MTR which was granted many large-scale developments in the construction plans for the new stations .

Construction costs were also shared by the MTRC which was granted many large-scale developments in the construction plans for the new stations .


After extensive retrofits , the MTR system has become , in general , disabled-friendly -- the trains have dedicated wheelchair space , the stations have special floor tiles to guide the blind safely on the platforms , and there are extra wide entry and exit gates for wheelchairs as well .

After extensive retrofitting , the MTR system has become , in general , disabled-friendly â '' the trains have dedicated wheelchair space , the stations have special floor tiles to guide the blind safely on the platforms , and there are extra wide entry and exit gates for wheelchairs as well .


Prior to its listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange , the Mass Transit Railway Coporation was wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government .

Prior to its listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange , the Mass Transit Railway Corporation ( MTRC ) was wholly owned by the Hong Kong government .


The Disneyland Resort Line uses driverless `` M-Trains '' with their appearance overhauled to suit the atmosphere and theme of the line .

The Disneyland Resort Line uses driverless M-Train with their appearance overhauled to suit the atmosphere and theme of the line .


Construction of the was approved on 18 August 1998 to serve new housing developments .

Construction of the Tseung Kwan O Line was approved on 18 August 1998 to serve new housing developments .


The West Island Line and South Island Line , first suggested to the government by MTR on 21 January 2003 , was finally accepted on 30 June 2005 .

The West Island Line and South Island Line , first put forward to the government by MTRCL on 21 January 2003 , only received approval on 30 June 2005 after its heavily-modified fourth proposal .


In the end , the new line was included in the financing plans of the new Hong Kong International Airport as the airport was not considered viable without direct public transport links .

The new line was included in the financing plans of the new Hong Kong International Airport as the airport was not considered viable without direct public transport links .


The `` M-Stock '' ( or CM-Stock '' ) of `` M-Train '' are the oldest trains on the MTR , built originally by Metro Cammell ( now Alstom ) and refurbished by United Goninan .

The M-Stock ( or CM-Stock '' ) of M-Train are the oldest trains on the MTR , built originally by Metro Cammell ( now Alstom ) and refurbished by United Goninan .


A new pedestrian link to East Rail Kowloon Tong station southern concourse and a new entrance were completed in June 2003 to cope with the increase in interchange passenger flow .

A new pedestrian link to Kowloon Tong Station southern concourse and a new entrance ( Exit D ) were opened on 15 April 2004 to cope with the increase in interchange passenger flow .


During the 1960s , the government of Hong Kong thought they need to accommodate increasing road traffic that growing Hong Kong 's economy would bring .

During the 1960s , the government of Hong Kong saw a need to accommodate increasing road traffic as Hong Kong 's economy continued to grow strongly .


In 1980 , the first harbor crossing was made by an MTR train as the Kwun Tong Line was extended even farther to Chater station , now known as Central station .

In 1980 , the first harbor crossing was made by an MTR train as the Kwun Tong Line was extended to Chater Station , since renamed Central Station .


Service to Sunny Bay station on the Tung Chung Line started on 1 June 2005 .

Service to Sunny Bay station on the Tung Chung Line started in 2005 .


The project was initiated due to overcrowding at Quarry Bay and persistent passenger complaints about the 5-minute walk from the Island Line station to the Kwun Tong Line station .

The project was initiated due to overcrowding at Quarry Bay and persistent passenger complaints about the five-minute walk from the Island Line platforms to the Kwun Tong Line platform .


Except for the rolling stock of the Airport Express , all trains are designed with features to cope with high density passenger traffic on stopping services .

Except for the rolling stock of the Airport Express , all trains are designed with features to cope with high density passenger traffic on frequently used services , for example , seating arrangements , additional ventilation fans and etc.


Several weeks later , in early 1975 , a government agency known as the Mass Transport Provisional Authority was established to take charge of the project .

Several weeks later , in early 1975 , a government agency known as the Mass Transport Provisional Authority was established to oversee the project .


New entrances to the subway links were opened on 19 September 2004 ( for KCR Mody Road subway ) and 30 March 2005 ( for Nathan Road subway , which connects to KCR Middle Road subway ) , with the whole scheme completed in May 2005 .

New entrances to the subway links were opened on 19 September 2004 ( Exit G ) and 30 March 2005 ( Exit F ) , with the whole scheme completed in May 2005 .


( The original completion year was 2006 . )


On 5 October 2000 the operator of the MTR network , MTR Corporation Limited , became Hong Kong 's first privatised rail and metro company , which marked the start of the Hong Kong government 's planned initiative to wind down its interests in various public utilities .

On 5 October 2000 , the operator of the MTR network , MTR Corporation Limited ( MTRCL ) , became Hong Kong 's first rail company to be privatised , marking the beginning of the Hong Kong government 's initiative to dissolve its interests in public utilities .


The Metropolis Daily ( é 1\/2 å æ -- å ) , published by Metro International , is the first free newspaper distributed free in MTR stations from Monday to Friday ( except public holidays ) ; and in 2005 , there is another weekend newspaper Express Post ( å `` ç å ` å ) , distributed every Saturday except public holidays .

The Metropolis Daily ( é 1\/2 å æ -- å ) , published by Metro International , is the first free newspaper distributed free in MTR stations during weekdays ( except public holidays ) ; and in 2005 , there is another weekend newspaper Express Post ( å `` ç é å ) , distributed every Saturday except public holidays .


Penalties ranging from fines to imprisonment have been imposed for such offenses .

Penalties ranging from fines to imprisonment have been imposed for such offences .


The line currently operates two four-car fully-automated trains ( each car accommodating up to 180 passengers ) running every four to ten minutes . These carriages were converted from the existing rolling stock to suit the recreational and adventurous nature of the 3.5 minute journey .

The line currently operates fully automated , trains running every four to ten minutes without a driver , and the carriages were changed from the existing M-Train rolling stock to match the recreational and adventurous nature of the 3.5-minute journey .


The Metropop ( é 1\/2 å æ è ) , also published by Metro International , started its distribution in MTR stations every Thursdays since April 27 2006 , few months after the termination of Hui Kai Guide . It is a weekly magazine featuring cultural affairs and city trends .

The Metropop ( é 1\/2 å æ è ) , a weekly magazine featuring cultural affairs and city trends also published by Metro International , started its distribution in MTR stations every Thursdays since 27 April 2006 , few months after the termination of Hui Kai Guide ( å '' è -- Guide ) in 2006 .


Construction of the Modified Initial System ( now part of Kwun Tong Line and Tsuen Wan Line ) commenced in November 1975 .

Construction of the Modified Initial System ( now part of the Kwun Tong Line and Tsuen Wan Line ) commenced in November 1975 .


In fact , the primary motivation was to separate the stations from the tunnels , hence allowing substantial energy savings on station air-conditioning and tunnel ventilation .

However , the primary motivation was to separate the stations from the tunnels , hence allowing substantial energy savings on station air-conditioning and tunnel ventilation .


As of January 2005 , there are two different fare classes on the MTR : Adult and concessionary .

After the rail merger , there are three different fare classes on the MTR : Adult , Students and Concessionary .


Construction commenced in October , 1981 .

Construction commenced in October 1981 .


Children below the age of 3 travel free .

Children below the age of 3 travel free ( unless they exceed the height range ) .


The `` M-Train '' is the only variation that uses sliding doors , as opposed to others which use plug-doors .

The M-Train uses sliding doors , unlike K-Stocks and A-Stocks which use plug doors .


In 1972 , the Hong Kong government authorised construction of the Initial System , a 20-km system that roughly translates to the Kwun Tong Line today ( except the line now extends to Tiu Keng Leng ) .

In 1972 , the Hong Kong government authorised construction of the Initial System , a 20 k system that roughly translates to the Kwun Tong Line of today .


Two types of tourist passes are available : one allows unlimited rides for a single day ( at HK$ 50 ) , while the other allows three days of unlimited rides on the MTR , with a stored value of HK$ 20 , refundable deposit of HK$ 50 and choice of either a single ( HK$ 220 ) or return ( HK$ 300 ) trip on the Airport Express .

Cardholders may enjoy 3 days of unlimited rides on the MTR ( except Airport Express , East Rail Line First Class , Lo Wu and Lok Ma Chau stations ) refundable deposit of HK$ 50 and choice of either a single ( HK$ 220 ) or round ( HK$ 300 ) trip on the Airport Express .


The project comprised Mei Foo Interchange ( modification of the existing Mei Foo station on the Tsuen Wan Line to provide a pedestrian link to the West Rail Mei Foo station ; Nam Cheong Station ( an interchange station on the Tung Chung Line , jointly operated by the MTRC and KCRC ) and 4-Tracking Works ( the additional two tracks , 4 km in length , allow the Tung Chung Line trains to stop at Nam Cheong without obstructing the passage of Airport Express trains ) .

The project comprised Mei Foo Interchange ( modification of the existing Mei Foo station on the Tsuen Wan Line to provide a pedestrian link to the West Rail Line Mei Foo Station ; Nam Cheong Station ( an interchange station on the Tung Chung Line , jointly operated by the MTRCL and KCRC ) and quadruplication works ( the additional two tracks , four kilometres in length , allow the Tung Chung Line trains to stop at Nam Cheong without obstructing the passage of Airport Express trains ) .


But construction did not begin until the Chinese and British governments settled their financial and land disagreements in November 1994 .

Construction started in November 1994 , after the Chinese and British governments settled their financial and land disagreements .


Bylaws have been recently introduced to deter potentially dangerous actions on the MTR , such as the ban of flammable goods on the MTR and rushing into trains when the doors are closing .

Bylaws were also introduced to deter potentially dangerous actions on the MTR , such as the ban on flammable goods on the MTR and rushing into trains when the doors are closing .


When service of this line started , the section of the Kwun Tong Line from Chater to Argyle , present-day Mong Kok station , was transferred to the Tsuen Wan Line .

When service of this line started , the section of the Kwun Tong Line from Chater to Argyle ( since renamed Central and Mong Kok stations respectively ) , was transferred to the Tsuen Wan Line .


The government approved construction of the in 1977 , then known as Tsuen Wan Extension , and works commenced in November 1978 .

The government approved construction of the Tsuen Wan Line in 1977 , then known as the Tsuen Wan Extension , and works commenced in November 1978 .


Tung Chung Line , the Airport Express and Tseung Kwan O Line , except Quarry Bay station , had platform screen doors ( PSDs ) installed upon construction .

The entire Tung Chung Line and Airport Express , as well those stations added by the Tseung Kwan O Line , has platform screen doors ( PSDs ) , ordered from Swiss glass door manufacturer Kaba Gilgen AG , installed upon construction .


These two variations are built jointly by Adtranz ( now Bombardier Transportations ) and Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles between 1994 â `` 97 .

These two variations are built jointly by Adtranz ( now Bombardier Transportation ) and Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles ( CAF ) between 1994 â `` 97 .


In June , 2001 , MTR Corporation Limited was transferred to Hang Seng Index .

In June 2001 , MTRCL was transferred to the Hang Seng Index .


å , literally `` Hong Kong Railway Company '' ; or æ é for short ) is the main rapid transit railway system in Hong Kong .

Mass Transit Railway ( MTR ) is the rapid transit railway system in Hong Kong .


Currently , full 3G network coverage in all stations and tunnels ( except West Rail Line ) for the MTR system has been provided by 3 Hong Kong , SmarTone-Vodafone and PCCW Mobile .

Currently , full 3G network coverage in all stations and tunnels ( except underground section on East Rail Line and West Rail Line ) for the MTR system has been provided by 3 Hong Kong , SmarTone-Vodafone and PCCW Mobile .


Interchange stations between the Island , Tsuen Wan , Kwun Tong and Tseung Kwan O lines are arranged in pairs ; such an arrangement allows cross-platform interchange wherein a passenger leaves a train on one side of the platform and boards trains on the other side of the platform for another line .

The interchange between the Tsuen Wan Line and the Kwun Tong Line , the Island Line and the Tseung Kwan O Line , as well as that between the Kwun Tong Line and the Tseung Kwan O Line , are two stations long , allowing cross-platform interchange wherein a passenger leaves a train on one side of the platform and boards trains on the other side of the platform for another line .


On April 11 , 2006 , MTR Corporation Limited signed a non-binding Memorandum of Understanding with the Hong Kong Government , the owner of Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation ( KCRC ) , to merge the operation of the two railway networks of Hong Kong .

On 11 April 2006 , MTRCL signed a non-binding memorandum of understanding with the Hong Kong government , the owner of Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation , to merge the operation of the two railway networks in Hong Kong in spite of the strong opposition by the KCRC staff .


Originally known as the Airport Railway Phase 2 , the contracts of the West Rail Interface Works were awarded shortly after construction works of the West Rail commenced .

Originally known as the Airport Railway Phase 2 , the contracts of the West Rail Line Interface Works were awarded shortly after construction works of the West Rail commenced .


Depots are located at Kowloon Bay ( for Kwun Tong Line ) , Tsuen Wan ( for Tsuen Wan Line ) , Heng Fa Chuen ( for Island Line ) , and Dream City ( for Tseung Kwan O Line ) . Tung Chung Line , Airport Express , and Disneyland Resort Line trains are serviced at Siu Ho Wan between Tung Chung and Sunny Bay .

All trains on the Kwun Tong Line , Tsuen Wan Line , Island Line , Tung Chung Line , Airport Express and Tseung Kwan O Line consist of eight cars .


Recruit was the first free magazine which was solely distributed in MTR stations since July 1992 . However , in July 2002 , the contract between the magazine and MTR was terminated .

Recruit was the first free magazine which was solely distributed in stations ( before railway merger ) since July 1992 , but the contract was terminated in July 2002 .


For example , when a person is traveling on the Kwun Tong Line towards Tiu Keng Leng , getting off at Yau Tong would allow him to change trains across the platform for the Tseung Kwan O Line towards North Point .

For example , when passengers are traveling on the Kwun Tong Line towards Tiu Keng Leng , getting off at Yau Tong would allow them to switch trains across the platform for the Tseung Kwan O Line towards North Point .


New subway links to the stations are also being made , and it has been proposed to lengthen the Tseung Kwan O Line with a branch line to Tseung Kwan O South , and the Kwun Tong Line as far as Whampoa Garden , also linking with the Sha Tin to Central Link expansion .

The interchange between the Tsuen Wan Line and the Kwun Tong Line , the Island Line and the Tseung Kwan O Line , as well as that between the Kwun Tong Line and the Tseung Kwan O Line , are two stations long , allowing cross-platform interchange wherein a passenger leaves a train on one side of the platform and boards trains on the other side of the platform for another line . For example , when passengers are traveling on the Kwun Tong Line towards Tiu Keng Leng , getting off at Yau Tong would allow them to switch trains across the platform for the Tseung Kwan O Line towards North Point .


Until recently , MTR stations only had branches of the Hang Seng Bank and Maxim 's Cakes stores , owned by Jardine Matheson , and a handful of other shops .

Prior to the privatisation of MTRC , MTR stations only had branches of the Hang Seng Bank , and Maxim 's Cakes stores , and a handful of other shops .


Another recruitment magazine Jiu Jik ( æ è ) , published by South China Morning Post , replaced Recruit as the only free recruitment magazine distributed in MTR stations on every Tuesdays and Fridays .

Another recruitment magazine Jiu Jik ( æ è ) , published by South China Morning Post , replaced Recruit as the only free recruitment magazine distributed in MTR stations bi-weekly .


A consortium from Japan signed an agreement to construct the system in early 1974 , but in December of the same year it pulled out from the agreement , stemming from fears of the Arab oil crisis .

A consortium from Japan signed an agreement to construct the system in early 1974 , but in December of the same year , it pulled out of the agreement for reasons stemming from fears of the oil crisis .


Previously under-developed areas were opened up for development with more transport options .

Previously less developed areas were opened up for development with more transport options .


The MTR was popular quickly with the people of Hong Kong , so later they built more lines to cover more ground .

The MTR was immediately popular with residents of Hong Kong ; as a result , subsequent lines have been built to cover more territory .


It announced that the Initial System would be slightly reduced to 15.6 kilometres , and renamed it the Modified Initial System .

It announced that the Initial System would be reduced to 15.6 k , and renamed it the `` Modified Initial System '' .


For example , the cost of the 3-minute journey from Admiralty to Tsim Sha Tsui across the Victoria Harbour is ( as of 2005 ) HK$ 7.9 using the Octopus card , compared with HK$ 9.0 for a single-journey ticket .

For example , the cost of the three-minute journey from Admiralty to Tsim Sha Tsui across the Victoria Harbour is ( as of 2005 ) HK$ 7.7 using the Octopus card , compared with HK$ 8.5 for a single-journey ticket .


Depots are located at Kowloon Bay ( for Kwun Tong Line ) , Tsuen Wan ( for Tsuen Wan Line ) , Heng Fa Chuen ( for Island Line ) , and Dream City ( for Tseung Kwan O Line ) .

Since the opening in 1982 , the Tsuen Wan Line is the only line whose alignment has virtually remained the same for the past 23 years . For example , the Kwun Tong Line 's alignment has changed twice since its opening â '' the taking over of Tsuen Wan Line from Mong Kok to Central , and the taking over of Eastern Harbour Crossing section by the Tseung Kwan O Line .


This forecast proved quite accurate , necessitating a bypass from the northwestern New Territories to Hong Kong Island .

This forecast proved to be accurate , necessitating a bypass from the northwestern New Territories to Hong Kong Island .


The Tung Chung Line and the Airport Express use dedicated rolling stock designs specified to their respective lines .

The Tung Chung Line and the Airport Express are operated by A-Stock specified to their respective lines .


MTR Corporation Limited have even made art part of the station architecture when building new stations or renovating existing ones .

MTRCL have even made art part of the station architecture when building new stations or renovating existing ones .


The was officially opened on 21 June 1998 by Hong Kong Chief Executive Tung Chee Hwa , and service commenced the next day .

The Tung Chung Line was officially opened on 21 June 1998 by Hong Kong Chief Executive Tung Chee Hwa , and service commenced the next day .


MTR Corporation Limited has always been reliant on developing properties next to railway stations for its profits ( although the rail lines are profitable themselves ) ; many recently built stations are incorporated into large housing estates or shopping complexes .

MTRCL has often developed properties next to stations to complement its already profitable railway business . Many recently built stations were incorporated into large housing estates or shopping complexes .


However , the lines that were eventually constructed were somewhat different compared with the lines that were originally proposed by the `` Hong Kong Mass Transport Study '' .

However , the lines that were eventually constructed were somewhat different compared to the lines that were originally proposed by the Hong Kong Mass Transport Study .


Launched in 1998 , the Tung Chung Line serves exactly that purpose .

The Tung Chung Line was therefore launched in 1998 with an interchange station at Lai King for that purpose .


However , taking any particular station as the origin , the other stations fall into fare `` zones '' depending on the distance from the origin .

Taking any particular station as the origin , the other stations fall into fare `` zones '' depending on the distance from the origin .


The offering involved the sale of around one billion shares , and the company now has the largest shareholder base of any company listed in Hong Kong .

The offering involved the sale of about one billion shares , and the company now has the largest shareholder base of any company listed in Hong Kong .


The Hong Kong Police Force has a Railway District responsible for the MTR and the KCR .

The Hong Kong Police Force has a Railway District responsible for the MTR .


Whereas , staying on the train and reaching Tiu Keng Leng would allow you to change trains for the Tseung Kwan O Line towards Po Lam .

Whereas , staying on the train and reaching Tiu Keng Leng would allow them to board the Tseung Kwan O Line trains towards Po Lam\/LOHAS Park .


The project added a 10.5-kilometre section to the MTR system , from Prince Edward to Tsuen Wan .

The project added a 10.5 k section to the MTR system , from Prince Edward to Tsuen Wan .


Only stations on the Airport Express and Disneyland Resort Line have access to toilet facilities .

Only stations on the Airport Express and Disneyland Resort Line , East Rail Line , West Rail Line , and Ma On Shan Line have access to toilet facilities .


For example , the Kwun Tong Line 's alignment has changed for 2 times since its opening - the taking over of Tsuen Wan Line from Mong Kok to Central , and the taking over of Eastern Harbour Crossing section by the Tseung Kwan O Line .

For example , the Kwun Tong Line 's alignment has changed twice since its opening â '' the taking over of Tsuen Wan Line from Mong Kok to Central , and the taking over of Eastern Harbour Crossing section by the Tseung Kwan O Line .


Modification to MTR Tsim Sha Tsui Station involved in upgrading station factilities and concourse layout to facilitate access from the pedestrian links of East Rail East Tsim Sha Tsui station .

Modification to Tsim Sha Tsui Station involved upgrading station facilities and concourse layout to facilitate access from the East Tsim Sha Tsui Station via its pedestrian links .


The title of `` emperor '' was passed from the Romans to the Frankish kingdom when , on 25 December 800 , Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne , king of the Franks , emperor of the Holy Roman Empire .

The standard designation of the Holy Roman Emperor was `` August Emperor of the Romans '' ( Romanorum Imperator Augustus ) . When Charlemagne was crowned in 800 , his was styled as `` most serene Augustus , crowned by God , great and pacific emperor , governing the Roman Empire , '' thus constituting the elements of `` Holy '' and `` Roman '' in the imperial title .


Holy Roman Emperor was the title that was given to the ruler of a loose group of places in what is now called Germany called the Holy Roman Empire .

The Holy Roman Emperor ( , or `` Roman-German Emperor '' ) is a term used by historians to denote a medieval ruler who , as German King , had also received the title of `` Emperor of the Romans '' from the Pope . After the 16th century , this elected monarch governed the Holy Roman Empire ( later called Holy Roman Empire of the German nation ) , a Central European union of territories of the Medieval and Early Modern period .


Holy Roman Emperor was the title that was given to the ruler of a loose group of places in what is now called Germany called the Holy Roman Empire . The title of `` emperor '' was passed from the Romans to the Frankish kingdom when , on 25 December 800 , Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne , king of the Franks , emperor of the Holy Roman Empire .

Charles V was the last Holy Roman Emperor to be crowned by the Pope .


Because some microorganisms can also take nitrogen out of the air , they are an important part of the nitrogen cycle .

As some microorganisms can fix nitrogen , they are a vital part of the nitrogen cycle , and recent studies indicate that airborne microbes may play a role in precipitation and weather .


Microorganisms can be bacteria , fungi , archaea or protists .

Microorganisms are very diverse ; they include bacteria , fungi , archaea , and protists ; microscopic plants ( green algae ) ; and animals such as plankton and the planarian .


Microorganisms are critical to nutrient recycling in ecosystems , because they act as decomposers .

Microorganisms are critical to nutrient recycling in ecosystems as they act as decomposers .


Most micro-organisms are single-celled , or unicellular organisms , but there are unicellular protists that are visible to the human eye , and some multicellular species are microscopic .

Most microorganisms are unicellular ( single-celled ) , but this is not universal , since some multicellular organisms are microscopic , while some unicellular protists and bacteria , like Thiomargarita namibiensis , are macroscopic and visible to the naked eye .


Escambia County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida , and was formed on July 21 , 1821 .

Escambia County was created on July 21 , 1821 .


Mark Cavendish ( T-Mobile Team ) won the points classification and Johan Van Summeren ( Davitamon-Lotto ) captured the sprints classification .

Mark Cavendish ( T-Mobile Team ) won the points classification and Johan van Summeren ( Davitamon-Lotto ) the sprints classification .


The Tour of Britain is being changed to seven days for 2007 . The extra day is being used to run a stage in Somerset for the first time .

The Tour of Britain was extended to seven days for 2007 , with the extra day being used to run a stage in Somerset for the first time .


Instead of finishing in London , the 2007 race will start in London and finish in Glasgow . Glasgow is using the event to increase the chance of it becoming the host of the 2014 Commonwealth Games .

Instead of finishing in London , the 2007 race started in London and finished in Glasgow , which used the event to boost its bid to host the 2014 Commonwealth Games .


The 2004 route ended with a 45 mile ( 72 km ) criterium in London , where tens of thousands of people watching saw a long break by Londoner Bradley Wiggins last until the final lap . Enrico Degano of Team Barloworld passed him on the final lap to win that stage of the race .

The 2004 route climaxed with a 45-mile ( 72 km ) criterium in London , where tens of thousands of spectators saw a long break by Londoner Bradley Wiggins last until the penultimate lap , with Enrico Degano of Team Barloworld taking the sprint on the line .


The Tour of Britain is part of the UCI 's European Tour .

The current version of the Tour of Britain is part of the UCI Europe Tour .


The Tour of Britain is the name of a cycle race held in United Kingdom . The race is made up of several parts in which the racers go from place to place across parts of Great Britain .

The Tour of Britain is a cycle race , conducted over several stages , in which participants race from place to place across parts of Great Britain .


In computer science , a memory address is an identifier for a memory location ( where a computer program or a hardware device can store data and later retrieve it ) .

In computer science , a memory address is an identifier for a memory location , at which a computer program or a hardware device can store data and later retrieve it .


There are natural and synthetic diamonds . The earth makes natural diamonds .

Synthetic diamonds are diamonds manufactured in a laboratory , as opposed to diamonds mined from the Earth .


The mining and distribution of natural diamonds are subjects of frequent controversy such as concerns over the sale of blood diamonds or conflict diamonds by African paramilitary groups .


The earth makes natural diamonds . People make synthetic diamonds .

Diamonds sold through this process are known as conflict diamonds or blood diamonds .


There are natural and synthetic diamonds .

Optical techniques can distinguish between natural diamonds and synthetic diamonds .


This demand has been satisfied in large part by synthetic diamonds , which have been manufactured by various processes for more than half a century . However , in recent years it has become possible to produce gem-quality synthetic diamonds of significant size .


Norman Kingsley Mailer ( January 31 , 1923 -- November 10 , 2007 ) was an American writer and journalist .

Norman Kingsley Mailer ( January 31 , 1923 â `` November 10 , 2007 ) was an American novelist , journalist , essayist , poet , playwright , screenwriter , and film director .


He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize twice and the National Book Award once on his journalism career .

He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize twice and the National Book Award once .


Along with Truman Capote , Joan Didion , and Tom Wolfe , Mailer writes creative nonfiction , sometimes called New Journalism , but which covers the essay to the nonfiction novel .

Along with Truman Capote , Joan Didion , Hunter S. Thompson , John McPhee , and Tom Wolfe , Mailer is considered an innovator of creative nonfiction , a genre sometimes called New Journalism , which superimposes the essay onto the nonfiction novel .


In 1955 , Mailer , along with Ed Fancher and Dan Wolf , first published The Village Voice , which was showed to the Greenwich Village .

In 1955 , Mailer , together with John Wilcock , Ed Fancher and Dan Wolf , first published The Village Voice , which began as an arts and politics oriented weekly newspaper distributed in Greenwich Village .


Amnesty International ( also called AI or Amnesty ) is an international organization .

Amnesty International ( commonly known as Amnesty and AI ) is an international non-governmental organization .


The following towns and villages can be found along the Siret River , from source to mouth : Berehomet , Storozhynets , Siret , GrÄ meÅ ti , ZvoriÅ tea , Liteni , PaÅ cani , Stolniceni-Pr Ä jescu , Roman , BacÄ u , Adjud , MÄ rÄ Å eÅ ti , GalaÅ # i.

The following towns and villages are situated along the river Siret , from source to mouth : Berehomet , Storozhynets , Siret , GrÄ meÅ ti , ZvoriÅ tea , Liteni , PaÅ cani , Stolniceni-Pr Ä jescu , Roman , BacÄ u , Adjud , MÄ rÄ Å eÅ ti , GalaÅ # i.


Alexain is a commune of 402 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France .

Alexain is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France .


Pine Bluff is a city of the state of Arkansas in the United States of America .

Pine Bluff is the largest city and county seat of Jefferson County , Arkansas , United States .


Erskine Hamilton Childers ( 11 December 1905 -- 17 November 1974 ) , was the son of Robert Erskine Childers ( author of the spy thriller The Riddle of the Sands .

Erskine Hamilton Childers ( 11 December 1905 -- 17 November 1974 ) served as the fourth President of Ireland from 1973 until his death in 1974 .


As member of Fianna FÃ il , he held a number of ministerial posts in the cabinets of Ã amon de Valera , SeÃ n Lemass and Jack Lynch , becoming TÃ naiste Deputy head of the government ) in 1969 .

A member of Fianna FÃ il , he held a number of ministerial posts in the cabinets of Ã amon de Valera , SeÃ n Lemass and Jack Lynch , becoming TÃ naiste in 1969 .


Childers , though 67 , was an extremely hard-working and He died suddenly of a heart attack in November 1974 , while making a public speech to the Royal College of Physicians in Dublin .

However , he died suddenly of a heart attack in November 1974 , while making a public speech to the Royal College of Physicians in Dublin .


In 1922 , when Childers was 16 , his father was executed by the Irish Free State .

In 1922 , when Childers was sixteen , his father was executed by the new Irish Free State on politically-inspired charges of gun-possession .


Before his execution the older Childers made his son promise from to find every man who had signed his father 's death warrant out and shake his hand .

Before his execution , in a spirit of reconciliation , the older Childers obtained a promise from his son to seek out and shake the hand of every man who had signed the death warrant .


The younger Childers was educated at Gresham 's School , Holt , and Trinity College , Cambridge , hence his striking British upper class accent .

Childers was educated at Gresham 's School , Holt , and the University of Cambridge , hence his striking British upper class accent .


He was the fourth President of Ireland from 1973 until his death in 1974 , and a TD from 1938 until 1973 .

He was a Teachta DÃ la ( TD ) from 1938 until 1973 .


Childers ' state funeral in St. Patrick 's Cathedral , Dublin , was attended by world leaders including Nelson Rockefeller , Vice-President of the United States , Earl Mountbatten of Burma ( representing Queen Elizabeth II ) , Harold Wilson , the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and presidents and crowned heads of state from Europe and beyond .

Childers 's state funeral in St. Patrick 's Cathedral , Dublin , was attended by world leaders including the Earl Mountbatten of Burma ( representing Queen Elizabeth II ) , the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and leader of the Opposition , and presidents and crowned heads of state from Europe and beyond .


One commentator described his ministerial career as `` spectacularly unsuccessful '' , but others praised his willingness to take tough decisions .

One commentator described his ministerial career as `` spectacularly unsuccessful '' . Others praised his willingness to take tough decisions .


At first it was expected that President Childers ' widow , Rita , would be offered the office of president to continue his work , but it went instead to the former Chief Justice , Cearbhall Ã `` DÃ laigh .

It was expected that President Childers ' popular widow , Rita , would be offered the office of president to continue his work , but it went instead to the former Chief Justice , Cearbhall Ã `` DÃ laigh .


He moved to Ireland after the First World War and lived in County Wicklow with his father Robert Erskine Childers .

Although also born in England , his father , Robert Erskine Childers , had had an Irish mother and had been raised by an uncle in County Wicklow , and after the First World War took his family to live there .


Childers was elected the fourth President of Ireland on 30 May , 1973 , defeating Tom O'Higgins by 635,867 votes to 578,771 .

In a political upset , Childers was elected the fourth President of Ireland on 30 May 1973 , defeating Tom O'Higgins by 635,867 votes to 578,771 .


Clarence Ray Nagin , Jr. ( born June 11 , 1956 ) is the mayor of New Orleans .

Clarence Ray Nagin , Jr. ( born June 11 , 1956 ) is a former mayor of New Orleans , Louisiana , United States .


Nagin gained international attention in 2005 in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina , which devastated the New Orleans area .

Nagin gained international notoriety in 2005 in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina , which devastated the New Orleans area .


A ball bearing is a small ball , usually metal , that is part of one type of bearing .

A ball bearing is a type of rolling-element bearing that uses balls to maintain the separation between the moving parts of the bearing .


Birrwil is a municipality of the district Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .

Birrwil is a municipality in the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .


It was first named The Pastors ' College when it opened in 1857 . When it moved to its present building in 1923 , it was renamed in honor of its starter Charles Spurgeon .

Originally named The Pastors ' College when it opened in 1857 , it later was renamed in honor of its founder , Charles Haddon Spurgeon , when it moved to its present building in 1923 .


It was started by Charles Spurgeon , known as `` the Prince of Preachers . ''

It was founded by Charles Haddon Spurgeon , known as `` the Prince of Preachers . ''


Spurgeon 's College is a theological institute in London .

Spurgeon 's College is a theological institute of higher learning located in South Norwood Hill , London .


According to journalist Bill Harry , McCartney wrote the lyrics while shaving , but McCartney told biographer Barry Miles that he wrote them while on a tour bus .

According to journalist Bill Harry , McCartney wrote the lyrics while shaving , though McCartney told biographer Barry Miles that he wrote them while on a tour bus .


The official name of Sudan is The Republic of Sudan .

These states will secede from Sudan as part of the Republic of South Sudan on 9 July 2011 .


About 4 million of these live in Khartoum or in towns that are joined to it .

The 2009 census put the population at more than 39 million people . The population of metropolitan Khartoum ( including Khartoum , Omdurman , and Khartoum North ) is growing rapidly and is estimated at about five to seven million , including around two million displaced persons from the southern war zone as well as western and eastern drought-affected areas .


Sudan has borders with the countries of Egypt , Eritrea , Ethiopia , Kenya , Uganda , Democratic Republic of the Congo , Central African Republic , Chad , and Libya . It also has a coast on the Red Sea .

It is bordered by Egypt to the north , the Red Sea to the northeast , Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east , Kenya and Uganda to the southeast , the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic to the southwest , Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest .


Sudan is a country in Africa . The official name of Sudan is The Republic of Sudan .

Other Christian groups with smaller followings in the country include the Africa Inland Church , the Armenian Apostolic Church , the Sudan Church of Christ , the Sudan Interior Church , Jehovah 's Witnesses , the Sudan Pentecostal Church , the Sudan Evangelical Presbyterian Church ( in the North ) , and the Seventh-day Adventist Church of Sudan .


Tsunku , real name Mitsuo Terada , is a famous Japanese record producer , songwriter , and vocalist .

Mitsuo Terada , better known professionally as Tsunku -RCB- -RCB- , is a prolific Japanese record producer , songwriter , and vocalist .


Gauriaguet is a commune in the Gironde department in south-western France .


MÃ riken-Wildegg is a municipality of the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .

MÃ riken-Wildegg is a municipality in the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland .


Sweden ( Sverige in Swedish ) is a Nordic country in the part of Europe called Scandinavia .

Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : ) , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe .


Its neighbors are Finland and Norway . Sweden is also connected to Denmark in the south by a bridge .

Sweden shares borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Ã -- resund .


A is the first letter of the Latin alphabet .


The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS ) contains name and location information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout the United States of America and its Territories .

The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS ) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout the United States of America and its territories .


Incendiary devices or incendiary bombs are bombs .

Incendiary weapons , incendiary devices or incendiary bombs are bombs designed to start fires or destroy sensitive equipment using materials such as napalm , thermite , chlorine trifluoride , or white phosphorus .


Servais is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

Servais is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


Ali has also won an Olympic gold medal for boxing during the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome , Italy .

As an amateur , he won a gold medal in the light heavyweight division at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome .


Muhammad Ali ( born Cassius Marcellus Clay , Jr. on January 17 , 1942 ) was an American boxer .

Muhammad Ali ( born Cassius Marcellus Clay , Jr. ; January 17 , 1942 ) is a former American boxer and three-time World Heavyweight Champion , who is widely considered one of the greatest heavyweight championship boxers .


There are many different game content rating systems all over the world .

The image below presents usage of various video game content rating systems around the world . Countries filled with gradients are using several rating systems .


Telstra is the national telecom service in Australia .

Telstra 's headquarters are located at the Telstra Corporate Centre in Melbourne , Australia .


Joan Jett who is a long time fan of The Gits wrote a song entitled `` Go Home '' which was inspired by the death of Mia Zapata .

Following Zapata 's death , Joan Jett and Bikini Kill frontwoman Kathleen Hanna co-wrote a song ( entitled `` Go Home '' ) inspired by Zapata 's death . Jett also included a message at the end of her video for the song asking for any information anyone had in regards to Zapata 's murder .


The band 's original name was `` Snivelling Little Rat Faced Gits '' which was named after a Monty Python skit but they later shortened it to The Gits .

They called themselves the Snivelling Little Rat Faced Gits ( a reference to a Monty Python skit , episode 21 ) , but soon shortened the moniker to just `` The Gits . ''


His grandfather taught him to make wax figurines .

Thus , Mariano was raised by his grandfather , a cabinet-maker who taught him to make wax figurines .


In 1859 , he was called by the Spanish government to depict the campaigns of the Spanish-Moroccan War ( 1859 ) Spanish-Moroccan War .

In 1859 , he was called by the Spanish government to depict the campaigns of the Spanish-Moroccan War .


At the age of 9 , at a public competition in his town a local patron , Domingo Soberano , encouraged further study .

At the age of 9 , at a public competition in his town a local patron , Domingo Soberno , encouraged further study .


A sculptor , Domingo Talarn , secured him a pension of to allow him to attend the Academy of Barcelona .

A sculptor , Domingo Taleru , secured him a pension to allow him to attend the Academy of Barcelona .


His father died when he was an infant , his mother by age 12 , thus Mariano was raised by his grandfather , a cabinet-maker , raised him .

His father died when Mariano was an infant , and his mother by the time he was 12 .


There he studied for four years under Claudio Lorenzale , and in March of 1857 he gained a scholarship that entitled him to two years of studies in Rome starting in 1858 .

There he studied for four years under Claudio Lorenzale , and in March 1857 he gained a scholarship that entitled him to two years of studies in Rome starting in 1858 .


He was born at Reus , a town near Taragon in the province of Catalonia in Spain .

He was born in Reus , a town near Tarragona in the autonomous community of Catalonia in Spain .


It is about a ten-year-old boy named Timmy Turner who has fairy godparents , named Cosmo and Wanda , and a fairy godbrother named Poof . The fairies have the power to grant wishes to Timmy , while still following Da Rules , the fairy rule book .

However , Timmy 's immature nature causes him to sometimes ask for wishes that unintentionally result in disaster , and he and his fairy godparents ( and fairy godbrother ) must find a way to `` unwish '' the wish .


A smoke bomb or smoke grenade is a bomb that produces a cloud of smoke . It can be used as a toy to make large clouds of colored smoke .

Smoke grenades generally emit a far larger amount of smoke than smoke bombs that are sold as fireworks .


Armies also use smoke grenades to hide soldiers from the enemy . Smoke grenades can be used to mark a spot on the ground ( for example , a spot where you want a helicopter to land ) .

Smoke grenades can also be used to signal aircraft .


Smoke bombs are used to hide positions and objects from sight behind a thick cloud of smoke . Armies also use smoke grenades to hide soldiers from the enemy .

Smoke grenades should not be confused with smoke bombs , which are typically started with an external fuse rather than a pin .


This category contains people who are from the US state of Massachusetts .

This category contains a list of people from Massachusetts .


Norbert Nigbur ( born 8 May , 1948 ) is a former German football player .

Norbert Nigbur ( born 8 May 1948 in Gelsenkirchen , Germany ) is a former German international football player .


Camanche is a city of Iowa in the United States .

Camanche is a city in Clinton County , Iowa , United States on the Mississippi River .


An ideal gas is a gas with particular characteristics .

The classical ideal gas can be separated into two types : The classical thermodynamic ideal gas and the ideal quantum Boltzmann gas .


A public toilet may or may not cost money to use .

A public toilet may or may not cost money to use ; for those that do , see `` pay toilet '' .


Toilets that cost money are called `` pay toilets '' .

Advanced technology is being integrated into toilets with more functions , especially in Japan ( see Toilets in Japan ) . The biggest maker of these toilets is TOTO .


These toilets are called `` portable toilets '' .

The Roman toilets were probably elevated to raise them above open sewers , rather than for sitting . Squat toilets are still used by the majority of the world 's population .


His nickname `` Schneckerl '' , Viennese dialect for curly hair , comes from his curly haircut in his younger years .

His nickname `` Schneckerl '' , Viennese dialect for curly hair , derives from his curly haircut in his younger years .


Till 1980 he won with the team 4 Austrian league titles and 3 Austrian cup wins .

By 1980 he had helped his club to win 4 Austrian league titles and 3 Austrian cup wins .


In Italy he won the championship with Inter and the cup with Roma .

In 1980 he joined Inter Milan , and won the Italian Cup in his second season with the nerazzurri . In 1982 he moved to AS Roma , where he won the Italian championship in his first year .


She sang at the Metropolitan Opera in New York during the 1953 - a1954 season the role of Susanna in Mozart 's The Marriage of Figaro

She made her Metropolitan Opera in New York debut in November 1953 as Susanna in Mozart 's The Marriage of Figaro and appeared there for only one season ( 1953-54 ) , in five performances of the part of Susanna .


Irmgard Seefried ( born KÃ ngetried , Bavaria , 9 October 1919 ; died Vienna , 24 November 1988 ) was a famous German soprano who sang opera and lieder .

Irmgard Seefried ( 9 October 1919-24 November 1988 ) was a distinguished German soprano who sang opera and lieder .


She is especially remembered for her singing of the music of Mozart and Richard Strauss , but she also sang in other composers ' operas ; the title role in Puccini 's Madama Butterfly , Marie in Alban Berg 's Wozzeck , Eva in Der Meistersinger von NÃ 1\/4 rnberg , Blanche in Poulenc 's Dialogues des CarmÃ lites , and the title role in JanÃ Ä ek 's KÃ Å a KabanovÃ .

But she also sang in other composers ' operas ; the title role in Puccini 's Madama Butterfly , Marie in Alban Berg 's Wozzeck , Eva in Meistersinger , Blanche in Poulenc 's Dialogues des CarmÃ lites , and the title role in JanÃ Ä ek 's KÃ Å a KabanovÃ .


She studied at Augsburg University . Her first appearance in opera was in Aachen where she sang the role of the priestess in Verdi 's Aida in 1940 .

She studied at Augsburg University before making her debut in Aachen as the priestess in Verdi 's Aida in 1940 .


She was a great lieder singer and several of her Salzburg Festival recitals were recorded .

She was also a noted lieder singer and a number of her Salzburg Festival recitals were recorded .


She left many recordings of oratorio and sacred music by Bach , Mozart , Haydn ( including at least four different performances of the Angel Gabriel in Die SchÃ pfung ) , Brahms , FaurÃ , Beethoven , DvoÅ Ã k , and Stravinsky .

She left many recordings of oratorio and sacred music by Bach , Mozart , Haydn ( including at least four different renditions of the Angel Gabriel in Die SchÃ pfung ) , Brahms , FaurÃ , Beethoven , DvoÅ Ã k , and Stravinsky .


She often sang with Elisabeth Schwarzkopf , who said in an interview that Seefried could do easily some things which other singers struggled all their lives to do .

She often sang with Elisabeth Schwarzkopf , who said in interview that Seefried was naturally able to do effortlessly what other singers , including herself , worked all their lives to do .


Since then , she belonged to the ensemble of the Vienna State Opera until she retired in 1976 .

Since then , she belonged to the ensemble of the Vienna State Opera until her retirement in 1976 .


She soon began to sing leading parts , and in 1943 she sang the part of Eva in Wagner 's Die Meistersinger von NÃ 1\/4 rnberg at the Vienna State Opera conducted by Karl BÃ hm .

She began to sing the leading parts in 1942 by singing the part of Agathe in Weber 's Der FreischÃ 1\/4 tz in 1942 , and the next year she made her debut at Vienna State Opera by singing the part of Eva in Wagner 's Die Meistersinger von NÃ 1\/4 rnberg conducted by Karl BÃ hm .


Irmgard Seefried was born in KÃ ngetried , near Mindelheim , Bavaria , Germany .

Maria Theresia Irmgard Seefried was born in KÃ ngetried , near Mindelheim , Bavaria , Germany , the daughter of educated Austrian-born parents .


Although she was a high soprano , she performed , and recorded , both the trousers roles of the Composer in Strauss 's Ariadne auf Naxos and Octavian in Der Rosenkavalier .

Although she was a high soprano , she performed , and recorded , both the trousers roles of the Composer and Octavian on Richard Strauss 's Ariadne auf Naxos and Der Rosenkavalier , respectively .


It can be produced by a reaction of mercury ( I ) nitrate with a source of sulfate ions :


Mercury ( I ) sulfate , also known as mercurous sulfate , is a chemical compound . Its chemical formula is Hg2SO4 .

Mercury ( I ) sulfate , commonly called mercurous sulfate ( US ) or mercurous sulphate ( UK ) is the chemical compound Hg2SO4 .


The Lamborghini Jalpa is a sport car that was built by Lamborghini from 1981 to 1988 .

The Lamborghini Jalpa was a sports car produced by the Italian automaker Lamborghini from 1981 to 1988 .


The production of the Jalpa ended in 1988 due to failing sales of the car .

In 1988 , after falling sales , the new owners , Chrysler , decided to end Jalpa production .


The Jalpa was replaced by the Lamborghini Gallardo .

The Jalpa was a development of the earlier Silhouette . The Jalpa was intended to fill a role as a more `` affordable '' Lamborghini , being much less expensive than the Countach .


The flag and banner of the U.S. state of Oklahoma is made up of a Osage Nation buffalo-skin shield with seven eagle feathers on a sky blue background .

The flag of the state of Oklahoma consists of a traditional Osage Nation buffalo-skin shield with seven eagle feathers on a sky blue field .


His father , Harry Redknapp , is the manager of Portsmouth F.C.

Redknapp started his career at Tottenham Hotspur as a youth player but turned down their offer of a contract to play for Bournemouth under his father , manager Harry Redknapp , before going on to play for Liverpool where Redknapp will be remembered for his best performances .


Jukka Nevalainen joined to play the drums and they switched the acoustic guitar for the electric guitar . In May 1997 , Nightwish signed a contract with Spinefarm Records and released their first album ` Angels Fall First ' .

In early 1997 , following the release of the Nightwish demo , Jukka â Juliusâ Nevalainen joined the band , and acoustic guitar was replaced with electric guitar .


Tuomas Holopainen came up with the idea . He asked Tarja Turunen to sing and Emppu Vuorinen to play guitar .

Nightwish is a symphonic metal band from Kitee , Finland , formed in 1996 by songwriter and keyboardist Tuomas Holopainen , guitarist Emppu Vuorinen , and former vocalist Tarja Turunen .


Ubuntu Studio is an officially recognized derivative of the Ubuntu Linux distribution that focuses on audio , video and graphics production .

Ubuntu Studio is an officially recognized derivative of the Ubuntu Linux distribution , which is explicitly geared to general multimedia production .


The Whittier Glacier near Whittier was named for the American poet John Greenleaf Whittier in the year 1915 .

The Whittier Glacier near Whittier was named for the American poet John Greenleaf Whittier in 1915 .


Whittier is also popular with visitors and fishermen .

Whittier is also popular with tourists , sport fishermen and hunters .


The Begich Building is now a condominium ( or houst that has many rooms that people live in ) , and almost all of the people that live in Whittier 's live here .

The Begich Building is now a condominium , and houses nearly all of Whittier 's residents .


The Hodge Building ( now called Begich Towers ) was built for housing soldiers and the Buckner Building , finish being built in 1953 , was called the `` city under one roof '' .

The Hodge Building ( now Begich Towers ) was built for housing soldiers and the Buckner Building , completed in 1953 , was called the `` city under one roof '' .


The town was badly damaged by tsunamis ( or very big waves ) started by the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake ; thirteen people died because of the waves that were 13 m ( 43 ft ) tall .

The town was severely damaged by tsunamis triggered by the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake ; thirteen people died due to waves that reached 13 m ( 43 ft ) .


Whittier is a popular port of for cruise ships , because it people can go to Anchorage and the inside of Alaska by both car and train .

Whittier is a popular port of call for cruise ships , as it has connections to Anchorage and the interior of Alaska by both highway and rail .


Whittier is a small town in Alaska on the Kenai Peninsula .

Whittier is on the northeast shore of the Kenai Peninsula , at the head of Passage Canal , on the west side of Prince William Sound .


The two big buildings that are very easy to notice in Whittier were built after World War II .

The two huge buildings that dominate Whittier were built after World War II .


General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport in the East Boston neighborhood of Boston , Massachusetts , United States ( and partly in the Town of Winthrop , Massachusetts ) , is one of the 20 busiest airports in the U.S. , with over 27 million passengers a year .

General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport is located in the East Boston neighborhood of Boston , Massachusetts , United States ( and partly in the Town of Winthrop , Massachusetts ) .


Noircourt is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France .

Noircourt is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France .


Heart-leaf Milkweed ( Asclepias cardifolia ) is a species of milkweed plant . It is also known as Purple Milkweed ( the species Asclepias purpurascens is also known as Purple Milkweed ) .

Asclepias cordifolia is a species of milkweed commonly called Heart-leaf milkweed or Purple milkweed ( a common name shared with another milkweed , Asclepias purpurascens ) .


Melfa , Virginia is a town of Virginia in the United States .

Melfa is a town in Accomack County on the Eastern Shore of Virginia in the United States .


The INC began with a handful of followers on July 27 , 1914 in Punta , Santa Ana , Manila , with Manalo as highest minister .

The INC began with a handful of followers on July 27 , 1914 in Punta , Santa Ana , Manila ; with Manalo as its head minister .


Marignane is a commune of 33,700 people ( 2005 ) . It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rh Ã ne department in the south of France .

Marignane is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rh Ã ne department in the Provence-Alpes-C Ã te d'Azur region in southern France .


The Australian Film Institute Awards are the main national film awards in Australia . It is presented annually by the Australian Film Institute .

The Australian Film Institute Awards ( often abbreviated to AFI Awards ) are awards of merit presented annually by the Australian Film Institute .


BÃ gles is a commune in the Gironde department in south-western France .


Puisieux , Pas-de-Calais is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France .

Puisieux is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France .


Paul Biya is the President of Cameroon .

He married Jeanne-Ir Ã ne Biya who did n't have any children , though she adopted Franck Biya who was born from a relationship of Paul Biya with another woman . After Jeanne-Ir Ã ne Biya died on 29 July 1992 , Paul Biya married Chantal Biya ( 38 years Paul 's junior ) on 23 April 1994 , and he has had two more children with her .


When President Ahidjo resigned on November 6 , 1982 , Biya became president of the country .

Ahidjo unexpectedly announced his resignation on 4 November 1982 , and Biya accordingly succeeded him as President of Cameroon on 6 November .


After graduating , Biya returned to Cameroon and worked in the government . In 1975 , the President Ahmadou Ahidjo gave the job of Prime Minister to Biya .

As an official in post-independence 1960s Cameroon , Biya rose to prominence under President Ahmadou Ahidjo .


When President Ahidjo resigned on November 6 , 1982 , Biya became president of the country . Shortly afterwards , Ahidjo and Biya began feuding , and Ahidjo was forced to leave Cameroon .

During the first months after Biya 's succession , he continued to show loyalty to Ahidjo , and Ahidjo continued to show support for Biya , but in 1983 a deep rift developed between the two .


The Suda or Souda is a massive 10th century Byzantine encyclopedia of the ancient Mediterranean world .

The Suda or Souda is a massive 10th century Byzantine encyclopedia of the ancient Mediterranean world , formerly attributed to an author called Suidas .


The system is not difficult to learn and remember , but in some modern editions the work is rearranged alphabetically .

The system is not difficult to learn and remember , but in some modern editions ( Immanuel Bekker ) the work is rearranged alphabetically .


The work is uncritical , and probably much added to , and the value of the articles is very unequal . Nevertheless , it contains much information on ancient history and life .

Although the work is uncritical and probably much interpolated , and the value of the articles is very unequal , it contains much information on ancient history and life .


It explains the source , derivation , and meaning of words according to the philology of its period .

It explains the source , derivation , and meaning of words according to the philology of its period , using such earlier authorities as Harpocration and Helladios .


The chief source for this is the encyclopedia of Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus ( 912 -- 959 ) , and for Roman history the excerpts of John of Antioch ( seventh century ) .

The chief source for this is the encyclopedia of Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus ( 912-59 ) , and for Roman history the excerpts of John of Antioch ( seventh century ) .


The derivation is probably from the Byzantine Greek word souda , meaning ` fortress ' or ` stronghold ' .

The derivation is probably from the Byzantine Greek word souda , meaning `` fortress '' or `` stronghold , '' with the alternate name , Suidas , stemming from an error made by Eustathius , who mistook the title for the proper name of the author .


It is an encyclopedic lexicon , written in Greek , with 30,000 entries .

It is an encyclopedic lexicon , written in Greek , with 30,000 entries , many drawing from ancient sources that have since been lost , and often derived from medieval Christian compilers .


By Late Antiquity the closely-related Sarmatians came to dominate the Scyths in this area .

By Late Antiquity the closely-related Sarmatians came to dominate the Scythians in the west .


Much of the surviving information about the Scyths comes from the Greek historian Herodotus ( c. 440 BC ) in his Histories , and archaeologically from the exquisite goldwork found in Scythian burial mounds in Ukraine and Southern Russia .

Much of the surviving information about the Scythians comes from the Greek historian Herodotus ( c. 440 BC ) in his Histories and Ovid in his poem of exile Epistulae ex Ponto , and archaeologically from the depictions of Scythian life shown in relief on exquisite goldwork found in Scythian burial mounds in Ukraine and Southern Russia .


The Scythians or Scyths were an Iranian speaking people of horse-riding nomadic pastoralists who dominated the Pontic steppe throughout Classical Antiquity .

The Scythians or Scyths were an ancient Iranian people of horse-riding nomadic pastoralists who throughout Classical Antiquity dominated the Pontic-Caspian steppe , known at the time as Scythia .


Davis went to Haiti in 1982 found out and wrote about how a living person can be turned into a zombie by two special powders being rubbed into a wound .

Davis traveled to Haiti in 1982 and , as a result of his investigations , claimed that a living person can be turned into a zombie by two special powders being entered into the blood stream ( usually via a wound ) .


Wade Davis , a Canadian ethnobotanist ( someone who studies what effect plants have on people ) , wrote about zombies in two books , The Serpent and the Rainbow ( 1985 ) and Passage of Darkness : The Ethnobiology of the Haitian Zombie ( 1988 ) .

Several decades later , Wade Davis , a Harvard ethnobotanist , presented a pharmacological case for zombies in two books , The Serpent and the Rainbow ( 1985 ) and Passage of Darkness : The Ethnobiology of the Haitian Zombie ( 1988 ) .


The 1981 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1 , 1981 and ended on November 30 , 1981 .

The 1981 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1 , 1981 , and lasted until November 30 , 1981 .


He came back to Chile in 1860 . In 1866 , he succeeded his father as the director of El Mercurio de ValparaÃ so .

He returned to Chile in 1860 , and he succeeded his father as director of El Mercurio de ValparaÃ so in 1866 .


Recaredo died in Santiago on July 26 , 1902 .


After running it for nine years , he sold his part of the newspaper to Camilo Letelier .

After 9 years as director , he sold his part of the newspaper to Camilo Letelier .


His brother Orestes died in 1881 , and Tornero he took over the Mercurio library , which was mainly focused on editing teaching material and works translated from French .

When his brother Orestes died in 1881 , he took over Mercurio library , that was mainly focused on editing teaching books and works translated from French .


He revisited Europe in 1875 , and bought machinery to create the first paper mill in Chile in 1880 .

He revisited Europe in 1877 , where he stayed until 1880 . He bought machinery in Europe to create the first paper factory in Chile , after which he began publishing foreign works translated into Spanish .


His parents were Carmen Olmos de Aguilera Orrego , and the Spanish immigrant JosÃ Santos Tornero Monteros , who was also the owner of the first public library in Chile .

His parents were Carmen Olmos de Aguilera Orrego , and Spanish immigrant JosÃ Santos Tornero Monteros , the proprietary of the first public library in Chile .


Blanco CuartÃ n became the main editor of the newspaper later and suggested that it focus on culture and literacy

Blanco CuartÃ n assumed as main editor of the newspaper later ; who proposed a cultural and literary-scoped topic .


His father 's businesses included the Spanish Library , the printing house of El Mercurio and the ValparaÃ so newspaper of the same name .

His father 's enterprises included the Spanish Library , the printing house of El Mercurio and the ValparaÃ so newspaper of the same name .


After his return to ValparaÃ so , Tornero founded a library and a printing house in Almendral .

After his comeback to ValparaÃ so , Tornero established a library and a printing house in Almendral .


Recaredo Santos Tornero ( October 14 , 1842 â `` July 26 , 1902 ) was a Chilean editor and journalist . He was the director of El Mercurio de ValparaÃ so and founder of El Comercio .

Recaredo Santos Tornero ( October 14 , 1842 â `` July 26 , 1902 ) was a Chilean editor , journalist and director of El Mercurio de ValparaÃ so and founder of El Comercio .


President JosÃ Manuel Balmaceda had a bad relationship with the Chilean press . For this reason , Recaredo started the newspaper El Comercio to support him .

He founded El Comercio newspaper in 1890 , on the eve of the 1891 Chilean Revolution , to support President JosÃ Manuel Balmaceda , who had bad relationship with the Chilean press .


He was given a prize for this book at the 1876 Philadelphia Exposition .

He was awarded for this book on 1876 Philadelphia Exposition .


The enterprise remained in the family 's possession for 33 years .

They remained in the family for 33 years .


He married Elena Stuven Olmos , and they had four children : Carmela , Recaredo , Teresa and Enrique .

He married Elena Stuven Olmos , and they had 4 children : Carmela , Recaredo , Teresa and Enrique .


Recaredo Tornero studied at the National Institute of Santiago , and later attended the Ecole Superieure de Commerce de Paris , in France .

He studied in the National Institute of Santiago , and he later went to France to study on the Ecole Superieure de Commerce de Paris .


Tornero was the only editor of El Mercurio de ValparaÃ so from 1867 to 1870 . In 1870 , he partnered with Camilo Letelier .

Since 1867 , Tornero was the only editor of El Mercurio de ValparaÃ so until 1870 , when he partnered with Camilo Letelier .


Orestes took care of the library and its other parts , while Recaredo continued running the printing house and the newspaper .

Orestes maintained the library and its dependencies , while Recaredo continued administering the printing house and the newspaper .


Later , they formed the Tornero & Sons Society with his father , who was living outside Chile .

Later , they formed Tornero & Sons Society with his father , who was living in outside Chile .


There are also lots of brown bears . They come to eat the salmon , as well as berries and other plants .

It also has one of the highest concentrations of brown bears , feeding on the salmon , as well as berries and other vegetation .


Natives in Southwest Alaska are descended from different tribes , the Yupik , the Alutiiq , the Aleut and the Dena ` ina Athabaskans .

Natives in Southwest Alaska are mainly Central Yupik in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta and Bristol Bay areas , Alutiiq on the eastern Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island , Aleut in the Aleutians , Pribilofs , and the western Alaska Peninsula , and a few Dena ` ina Athabaskans near the western shore of Cook Inlet .


Southwest Alaska is one of the best places in the world to catch salmon .

Southwest Alaska is one of the richest salmon areas in the world , with the world 's largest commercial salmon fishery in Bristol Bay .


Most of the land in Southwest Alaska is owned by the Federal government , the State of Alaska , and the native corporations .

Land in Southwest Alaska is owned and managed mainly by the Federal government , the State of Alaska , and Alaska Native Regional Corporations including Calista , Cook Inlet , Bristol Bay , Aleut , and Koniag . There is little private land , other than that owned by the Native Corps .


Parts of the Alaska Range are in Southwest Alaska . The Kodiak Archipelago is another group of islands in Southwest Alaska .

The Kodiak Archipelago , in the Pacific east of the Alaska Peninsula , is the most eastern part of Southwest Alaska .


Also in Southwest Alaska are the Pribilof Islands , Nunivak Island and other Bering Sea islands . There is a very large river delta made by the Yukon River and the Kuskokwim River .

Southwest Alaska encompasses , roughly from west to east : the Pribilof Islands , Nunivak Island and other Bering Sea islands lying west of the Alaska coast and east of the Russian coast ; the immense combined delta of the Yukon River and Kuskokwim River ; hundreds of miles of interior highlands , including the lower and middle Kuskokwim drainages ; the entire watersheds of Goodnews Bay and Bristol Bay and other parts of the southern coast , including mountain ranges and great interior lakes including the Wood-Tikchik Lakes , Lake Iliamna , and Lake Clark ; the western heights of the Alaska Range , and its continuation southward as the Aleutian Range along the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands .


This area is also home to a number of caribou herds .

This area is also home to a number of caribou herds - the Mulchatna herd is the third largest in the state .


iSome of the bigger ones are Mount Katmai , Novarupta and the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes , Mount Redoubt , Mount Iliamna , and Augustine Volcano .

The Aleutian Range , part of the Ring of Fire , includes many of Alaska 's volcanoes including Mount Katmai , Novarupta and the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes , Mount Redoubt , Mount Iliamna , and Augustine Volcano .


The glands are named after the person who described them first , Alexander Skene . He was a physician .

The glands were named after the physician who described them first in Western medical literature , Alexander Skene .


Skene 's glands ( also called lesser vestibular glands or paraurethral glands ) are glands in the upper wall of the vagina . They empty into the urethra .

In human anatomy ( female ) , the Skene 's glands ( also known as the lesser vestibular glands , periurethral glands , skene glands , paraurethral glands , U-spot , or female prostate ) are glands located on the anterior wall of the vagina , around the lower end of the urethra .


As with classical potentials , the potential energy is usually set to zero at infinity , leading to a negative potential energy for bound electron states .

If the potential energy is set to zero at infinite distance from the atomic nucleus or molecule , the usual convention , then bound electron states have negative potential energy .


The Rydberg levels depend only on the principal quantum number .

For hydrogen-like atoms ( ions ) only , the Rydberg levels depend only on the principal quantum number .


Spin-nuclear-spin coupling ( see hyperfine structure ) .


Crystalline materials are often characterized by a number of important energy levels .

Crystalline solids are found to have energy bands , instead of or in addition to energy levels .


In other words , the energy spectrum can be quantized ( see continuous spectrum for the more general case ) .

The energy spectrum of a system with such discrete energy levels is said to be quantized .


This takes both the magnetic dipole moment due to the orbital angular momentum and the magnetic momentum arising from the electron spin into account .

Additionally taking into account the magnetic momentum arising from the electron spin into account .


where is the Rydberg constant ( typically between 1 eV and 103 eV ) , Z is the charge of the atom 's nucleus , is the principal quantum number , e is the charge of the electron , is Planck 's constant , and c is the speed of light .

( typically between 1 eV and 103 eV ) , where is the Rydberg constant , Z is the Atomic number , n is the principal quantum number , is Planck 's constant , and c is the speed of light .


Energy levels are said to be degenerate , if the same energy level is obtained by more than one quantum mechanical state .

If more than one quantum mechanical state is at the same energy , the energy levels are '' degenerate '' .


The most important ones are the top of the valence band , the bottom of the conduction band , the Fermi energy , the vacuum level , and the energy levels of any defect states in the crystals .

The important energy levels in a crystal are the top of the valence band , the bottom of the conduction band , the Fermi energy , the vacuum level , and the energy levels of any defect states in the crystal .


The interaction energy therefore becomes .


Roughly speaking , a molecular energy state , i.e. an eigenstate of the molecular Hamiltonian , is the sum of an electronic , vibrational , rotational , nuclear and translational component , such that :

Roughly speaking , a molecular energy state , i.e. an eigenstate of the molecular Hamiltonian , is the sum of the electronic , vibrational , rotational , nuclear , and translational components , such that :


Assume an electron in a given atomic orbital .

Assume there is one electron in a given atomic orbital in a hydrogen-like atom ( ion ) .


None of your watched items were changed in the time period displayed .

None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed .


The Upper Midwest is a region of the United States with no agreed-upon boundaries , but it almost always lies within the U.S. Census Bureau 's Midwest region , which includes the states of Minnesota , Wisconsin , Michigan , Illinois , and Indiana .

The Upper Midwest is a region in the northern portion of the U.S. Census Bureau 's Midwestern United States . Although there are no uniformly agreed-upon boundaries , the region is most commonly used to refer to the states of Minnesota , Wisconsin , and Michigan .


Other viruses , called neurotropic viruses , move along nerves to places the immune system can not reach .

Other viruses , called neurotropic viruses , are disseminated by neural spread where the immune system may be unable to reach them .


It is called the adaptive immune system . When it meets a virus , it produces specific antibodies that bind to the virus and render it non-infectious .

When the adaptive immune system of a vertebrate encounters a virus , it produces specific antibodies that bind to the virus and render it non-infectious .


There are millions of different types of viruses , but only about 5,000 of them have been described in detail .49

There are millions of different types of viruses , although only about 5,000 of them have been described in detail .


Cells such as macrophages are specialists at this ` antigen presentation ' .

Cells such as the macrophage are specialists at this antigen presentation .


An enormous variety of genomic structures occur in viral species . As a group they contain more structural genomic diversity than plants , animals , archaea , or bacteria .

An enormous variety of genomic structures can be seen among viral species ; as a group they contain more structural genomic diversity than plants , animals , archaea , or bacteria .


Plant viruses tend to have single-stranded RNA genomes and bacteriophages tend to have double-stranded DNA genomes .96 \/ 99