[Question]
  [
Nepal’s flag ([Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalese_Flag), [Numberphile](http://www.numberphile.com/videos/nepal_flag.html)) looks very different from any other. It also has specific drawing instructions (included in the Wikipedia article). I want you guys to make a program which will draw the flag of Nepal.
The user inputs the requested height of the flag (from 100 to 10000 pixels) and the program outputs the flag of Nepal. You can choose any way to draw the flag: everything from ASCII art to OpenGL.
This is a popularity contest, so the winner will be the highest voted answer on the 1st of February, so don’t worry about length of code, but remember that shorter code may get more up-votes.
There is only one requirement: you are not allowed to use web resources.
Have fun :)
![image of the flag of Nepal from Wikimedia Commons](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/394px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png)
  
[Answer]
# JavaScript, 569 537 495 442 characters (ASCII)
```
h="";M=Math;Z=M.max;Y=M.min;function d(a,b,r,s,t){n=M.sqrt(a*a+e*e);return n-(r+M.abs((M.atan2(a,e
)/M.PI*b+t)%1-0.5)*s*n)}f=parseInt(prompt(),10);for(g=0;g<f;g++){for(k=0;k<2*f;k++)e=k/(0.5*f)-0.8
,q=g/(0.25*f),u=q-1.08,v=q-1.29,z=e*e+u*u-0.3364,E=Z(-e-0.8,Y(Z(0.62*e+0.8-q,-2.06+q),Z(1*e+0.8+
0.85-q,-3.87+q))),p=0>Y(d(q-2.91,6,0.38,0.7,10),Y(Z(e*e+v*v-0.3025,-z),Z(d(q-1.54,8,0.25,0.6,10.5)
,q-1.7)))?" ":-0.13>E?";":0>=E?"8":"",h+=p;h+="\n"}h 
```
To run : copy-paste to browser console (eg: Chrome developer tools or Firebug)
Result :
```
8 
8888 
8888888 
8888;88888 
8888;;;;88888 
8888;;;;;;;888888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;88888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;;;;88888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;88888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;888888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;88888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;88888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;88888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;88888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;888888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;88888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;; ;  ;  ; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;88888 
8888;;; ;;;;;               ;;;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;88888 
8888;;;  ;;;;;;           ;;;;;;  ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;888888 
8888;;;;   ;;;             ;;;   ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;88888 
8888;;;;;                       ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;88888 
8888;;;;;;;                   ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;88888 
8888;;;;;;;;;               ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;88888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;888888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;88888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;888 
8888;;;;;;;;;   ;;;   ;;;   ;;;;;;;;;;888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;             ;;;;;;;;;;;;;888 
8888;;;;                         ;;;;;;;;;888 
8888;;;;;;                     ;;;;;;;;;;;;;888 
8888;;;;;;;                   ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;888 
8888;;;                           ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;888 
8888;;;;;                       ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;888 
8888;;;;;;;                   ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;888 
8888;;;;;                       ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;888 
8888;;;; ;;;;;             ;;;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;888 
8888;;;;;;;;;               ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;888 
8888;;;;;;;;;  ;;;;   ;;;;  ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;888 
8888;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;888 
8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 
888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 
```
---
EDIT : added height as user input as ST3 suggested. it works best with big values (eg : 120)
[Answer]
# Mathematica
Nepal's Interim Constitution - Schedule 1 (rel. to Article 6), pp. 260 and 262, provides 25 detailed instructions about how to construct the flag. (see <http://www.ccd.org.np/resources/interim.pdf>). The numbers in the comments refer to the corresponding instructions in the constitution.
We will need functions to draw equilateral triangles and determine the distance from a point to a line:
```
ClearAll[triangle]
triangle[a_?NumericQ,b_?NumericQ,c_?NumericQ,labeled_:True]:=
Block[{x,y,pt,sqr},sqr=#.#&;
pt[a1_,b1_,c1_]:=Reduce[sqr[{x,y}]==b1^2&&sqr[{x,y}-{a1,0}]==c1^2&&y>0,{x,y}];
{(
(*Polygon[{{0,0},{a,0},{x,y}}]*)
Polygon[{{-a/2(*0*),0},{a/2,0},{x-a/2,y}}]),
If[labeled,
{Text[Style[Framed[a,Background->LightYellow],11],{a/2,0}],
Text[Style[Framed[b,Background->LightYellow],11],{x/2,y/2}],
Text[Style[Framed[c,Background->LightYellow],11],{(a+x)/2,y/2}]},{}]}/.ToRules[pt[a,b,c]]]
(*distance from point to a line *)
dist[line_,{x0_,y0_}]:=(Abs[a x0+b y0+c]/.{x0-> m[[1]],y0-> m[[2]]})/Sqrt[a^2+b^2]; (* used below *)
```
The remaining code, with numbers referring to the instructions. By far, the most challenging part is to make the rays for the moon and the sun. `GeometricalTransformation` comes in handy for doing translations and rotations.
```
    (*shape inside flag*)
(*1*)
w=100;a={0,0};b={w,0};
lAB=Line[{a,b}];
tA=Text["A",Offset[{-10,-20},a]];
tB=Text["B",Offset[{20,-20},b]];
(*2*)
c={0,w 4/3};d={0,w};
lAC=Line[{a,c}];
tC=Text["C",Offset[{-10,20},c]];
lAD=Line[{a,d}];
tD=Text["D",Offset[{-10,0},d]];
lBD=Line[{b,d}];
(*3*)
e=Solve[(x-w)^2+y^2==(w)^2&&y==w-x,{x,y}][[1,All,2]];
tE=Text["E",Offset[{15,0},e]];
(*4*)
f={0,e[[2]]};tF=Text["F",Offset[{-10,0},f]];
g={w,e[[2]]};tG=Text["G",Offset[{15,0},g]];
lFG=Line[{f,g}];
poly={a,b,e,g,c};
(*5*)lCG= Line[{c,g}];
(*moon*)
(*6*)
lineCG=N[((f[[2]]-c[[2]])/w)x+c[[2]](*100*)];
h={w/4,0};tH=Text["H",Offset[{0,-20},h]];
i={h[[1]],lineCG/.x->h[[1]]};tI=Text["I",Offset[{10,0},i]];
lHI={Dashed, LightGray,Line[{h,i}]};
(*7*)
j={0,f[[2]]+(c[[2]]-f[[2]])/2};tJ=Text["J",Offset[{-10,10},j]];
lineJG=N[((f[[2]]-j[[2]])/g[[1]])x+j[[2]]];
k={Solve[lineCG==j[[2]],x][[1,1,2]],j[[2]]};tK=Text["K",Offset[{10,10},k]];
(*k={Solve[lineCG\[Equal]c[[2]],x][[1,1,2]],j[[2]]};tK=Text["K",Offset[{10,10},k]];*)
lJK={Dashed, LightGray,Line[{j,k}]};
(*8*)l={i[[1]],j[[2]]};tL=Text["L",Offset[{0,10},l]];
(*9*)lJG={LightGray,Dashed,Line[{j,g}]};
(*10*)m={h[[1]],(lineJG/.x-> h[[1]])};tM=Text["M",Offset[{0,10},m]];
(*11*)distMfromBD=dist[{1,1,-w(*100*)},m];
 n={i[[1]],m[[2]]-distMfromBD};tN=Text["N",Offset[{0,0},n]];
(*ln=Abs[l[[2]]-n[[2]]];*)
(*12*)o={0,m[[2]]};tO=Text["O",Offset[{-10,0},o]];
lM={Dashed,LightGray,Line[{o,{g[[1]],o[[2]]}}]};
(*13*)
radiusLN=l[[2]]-n[[2]];
p={m[[1]]-radiusLN,m[[2]]};tP=Text["P",Offset[{0,10},p]];
q={m[[1]]+radiusLN,m[[2]]};tQ=Text["Q",Offset[{0,10},q]];
moonUpperEdge={White,Circle[l,radiusLN,{Pi,2 Pi}]};
moonLowerEdge={White,Circle[m,radiusMQ,{Pi,2 Pi}]};
(*14*)radiusMQ=q[[1]]-m[[1]];
(*15*)radiusNM=m[[2]]-n[[2]];
arc={Yellow,Circle[n,radiusNM,{Pi/7,6 Pi/7}]};
{r,s}=Solve[(x-l[[1]])^2+(y-l[[2]])^2==(radiusLN)^2 &&(x-n[[1]])^2+(y-n[[2]])^2==(radiusNM)^2,{x,y}][[All,All,2]];
tR=Text["R",Offset[{0,0},r]];
tS=Text["S",Offset[{0,0},s]];
t={h[[1]],r[[2]]};
tT={Black,Text["T",Offset[{0,0},t]]};
(*16*)radiusTS=Abs[t[[1]]-s[[1]]];
(*17*)radiusTM=Abs[t[[2]]-m[[2]]];
(*18 triangles*)
t2=Table[GeometricTransformation[GeometricTransformation[triangle[4,4,4,False][[1]],RotationTransform[k Pi/8]],{TranslationTransform[t]}],{k,-4,3}];
midRadius=(Abs[radiusTM+radiusTS]/2-2);
pos=1;table2=GeometricTransformation[t2[[pos++]],{TranslationTransform[#]}]&/@Table[midRadius {Cos@t,Sin[t]},{t,Pi/16,15 Pi/16,\[Pi]/8}];
(*19 sun*)u={0,f[[2]]/2};tU=Text["U",Offset[{-10,0},u]];
lineBD=N[(d[[2]]/w)x+d[[2]]];
v={-Solve[lineBD==u[[2]],x][[1,1,2]],u[[2]]};tV=Text["V",Offset[{10,0},v]];
lUV={LightGray,Dashed,Line[{u,v}]};
(*20*)w={h[[1]],u[[2]]};tW={Black,Text["W",Offset[{0,0},w]]};
(*21*)
(*22*)
t3=Table[GeometricTransformation[GeometricTransformation[triangle[9,9,9,False][[1]],RotationTransform[k Pi/6]],{TranslationTransform[w]}],{k,-3,9}];
midRadius3=(Abs[radiusTM+radiusTS]/2+2.5);
pos=1;
table3=GeometricTransformation[t3[[pos++]],{TranslationTransform[#]}]&/@Table[midRadius3 {Cos@t,Sin[t]},{t,0,2 Pi,2\[Pi]/12}];
Show[
Graphics[{Gray,
(*1*)lAB,tA,tB,
(*2*)lAC,tC,lAD,tD,lBD,
(*3*)tE,
(*4*)tF,lFG,tG,{Red,Opacity[.4],Polygon[poly]},
(*5*)lCG,
(*6*)tH,lCG,tI,lHI,
(*7*)tJ,lJK,tK,
(*8*)tL,
(*9*)lJG,
(*10*)tM,
(*11*)tN,
(*12*)lM,tO,
(*13*)moonUpperEdge,tP,tQ,
(*14*)moonLowerEdge,
(*15*)arc,tR,tS,tT,
(*16*){White,Dashed,Circle[t,radiusTS(*,{0, Pi}*)]},
(*17*){White,Opacity[.5],Disk[t,radiusTM,{0, 2 Pi}]},
(*18 triangles*){White,(*EdgeForm[Black],*)table2},
(*19 sun*)tU,tV,lUV,
(*20*)tW,{Opacity[.5],White,Disk[w,Abs[m[[2]]-n[[2]]]]},
(*21*)Circle[w,Abs[l[[2]]-n[[2]]]],
(*22*){Black(*White*),EdgeForm[Black],triangle[4,4,4,False](*table3*)},
{White,(*EdgeForm[Black],*)table3},
(*23*)
{Darker@Blue,Thickness[.03],Line[{a,b,e,g,c,a}]}
},
Ticks-> None(*{{0,100},{0,80,120,130}}*), BaseStyle-> 16,AspectRatio-> 1.3,Axes-> True],
(*cresent moon*)
RegionPlot[{(x-25)^2+(y-94.19)^2<21.4^2&&(x-25)^2+(y-102.02)^2>21.4^2},{x,0,100},{y,30,130},PlotStyle->{Red,White}]]
```
The following flag, from the above code, is made according to the instructions in the constitution.
Colors are modified to enable easier viewing of the construction lines.
The letters refer to points and lines in the instructions.
![flag construction](https://i.stack.imgur.com/SPYBb.png)
---
By the way, flags of the world can be called up directly within Mathematica. For example:
```
Graphics[CountryData["Nepal", "Flag"][[1]], ImageSize->{Automatic,200}]
```
![Nepal](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xMudp.png)
[Answer]
# SVG, ~~1375~~, ~~1262~~, ~~1036~~, ~~999~~, ~~943~~, 939
```
<svg>
<defs>
<style>.w{fill:white}</style>
<g id="f"><path d="M1,1L1,20L18,20L6,10L17,10z" style="stroke:#003893;fill:#dc143c"/></g>
<g id="m"><polygon points="1,0 -.5,.86 -.5,-.86"/></g>
<g id="b"><polygon points="1,0 -.5,.86 -.5,-.86"/><polygon points="1,0 -.5,.86 -.5,-.86"transform="rotate(32)"/></g>
<g id="t"><use xlink:href="#b"/><use xlink:href="#b"transform="rotate(60)"/></g>
<g id="s">
<use xlink:href="#m"/>
<use xlink:href="#m"transform="rotate(20)"/>
<use xlink:href="#m"transform="rotate(45)"/>
<use xlink:href="#m"transform="rotate(70)"/>
<use xlink:href="#m"transform="rotate(90)"/>
</g>
</defs>
<g transform="scale(.7)">
<use xlink:href="#f" x="5" y="6"transform="scale(19,23)"/>
<use xlink:href="#t" x="2.8" y="7"class="w"transform="scale(70)"/>
<path d="M157,292 A 40,35 0 1 0 237,292 43,45 0 1 1 157,292z"class="w"/>
<use xlink:href="#s" x="5.6" y="8.9"class="w"transform="scale(35)"/>
</g>
</svg>
```
![Chrome rendering](https://i.stack.imgur.com/aDQmH.png)
SVG doesn't really have user input, AFAIK, so you can change the scale modifying this line:
> 
> `<g transform="scale(.7)">`
> 
> 
> 
[Answer]
# Python
```
import turtle, sys
from math import sqrt, sin, cos, pi
height = int(sys.argv[1])
width = height / 4 * 3
turtle.screensize(width, height)
t = turtle.Turtle()
# the layout
t.pencolor("#0044cc")
t.fillcolor("#cc2244")
t.pensize(width / 25)
t.pendown()
t.fill(True)
t.forward(width)
t.left(135)
t.forward(width)
t.right(135)
t.forward(width / sqrt(2))
t.right(90)
t.goto(0, height)
t.forward(height)
t.fill(False)
t.penup()
# the bottom star
t.fillcolor("#ffffff")
t.pencolor("#ffffff")
t.pensize(1)
radius = width / 5
x = width / 4
y = height / 4
t.goto(x + radius, y)
t.pendown()
t.fill(True)
for i in range(24):
    t.goto(x + radius * (5 + (-1) ** i) / 6 * cos(i * pi / 12), y + radius * (5 + (-1) ** i) / 6 * sin(i * pi / 12))
t.fill(False)
t.penup()
# the top star
radius = width / 9
x = width / 4
y = height * 2 / 3
t.goto(x + radius, y)
t.pendown()
t.fill(True)
for i in range(28):
    t.goto(x + radius * (6 + (-1) ** i) / 7 * cos(i * pi / 14), y + radius * (6 + (-1) ** i) / 7 * sin(i * pi / 14))
t.fill(False)
t.penup()
# the moon
radius = width / 5
x = width / 4
y = height / sqrt(2)
t.goto(x + radius, y)
t.pendown()
t.fill(True)
for i in range(30):
    t.goto(x + radius * cos(i * pi / 30), y - radius * sin(i * pi / 30))
for i in range(30):
    t.goto(x - radius * cos(i * pi / 30), y - radius / 2 * sin(i * pi / 30))
t.fill(False)
t.penup()
t.hideturtle()
raw_input("press enter")
```
Uses python's Tk turtles, example of `python nepal.py 150` and `python nepal.py 200` respectively:
![image](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pGbYH.png)
[Answer]
# Python (+PIL), 578
Because I'm quite bored today..
```
from PIL import Image,ImageDraw
from math import*
I,k,l,m,n,o,_=Image.new('P',(394,480)),479,180,465,232,347,255;D=ImageDraw.Draw(I);P,G=D.polygon,D.pieslice
I.putpalette([_,_,_,0,0,_,_,20,60])
def S(x,y,r,e,l,b):
 p,a,h=[],2*pi/e,r*l;c,d=[0,-a/2][b],[a/2,0][b]
 for i in range(e):p+=[(x+r*cos(i*a+c),y+r*sin(i*a+c)),(x+h*cos(i*a+d),y+h*sin(i*a+d))]
 P(p,fill=0)
P([(0,0),(393,246),(144,246),(375,k),(0,k)],fill=1)
P([(14,25),(o,n),(110,n),(o,m),(14,m)],fill=2)
S(96,o,68,12,.6,0)
G([(31,90),(163,221)],0,l,fill=0)
G([(28,68),(166,200)],0,l,fill=2)
S(96,178,40,16,.7,1)
I.show()
```
![nepal](https://i.stack.imgur.com/dHAc3.png)
[Answer]
# PostScript
Code:
```
.15 .15 scale            % over-all scale
% draw the red area and blue border
7 7 moveto
360 7 lineto
128 240 lineto
367 240 lineto
7 467 lineto
closepath
gsave                    % save the outline path for further use
.86 .08 .24 setrgbcolor  % crimson red
fill                     % draw the red area
grestore                 % get back the saved outline path
0 .22 .58 setrgbcolor    % dark blue
14 setlinewidth
stroke                   % draw the blue border
1 setgray                % white
% draw the lower sun
96 130 translate         % coordinate origin of sun
69 0 moveto
12 {                     % 12 spikes
  69 0 lineto
  15 rotate
  46 0 lineto
  15 rotate
} repeat
closepath fill
% draw the upper sun
0 167 translate          % coordinate origin at center of sun
29 0 moveto
16 {                     % 16 spikes
  29 0 lineto
  11.25 rotate
  42 0 lineto
  11.25 rotate
} repeat
closepath fill
% draw the crescent moon
0 24 65 180 0 arc        % the lower arc
0 57 72 335 205 arcn     % the upper arc
closepath fill
showpage
```
The flag size can be controlled by specifying
the resolution in the Ghostscript call.
Result (height of flag is 480 pixels, created by `gswin64c -r480 nepal.ps`):
[![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/SoQ3g.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/SoQ3g.png)
Result (height of flag is 120 pixels, created by `gswin64c -r120 nepal.ps`):
[![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fQwAd.png)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fQwAd.png)
]