DDInter1091 DDInter1607
Loratadine is a second generation antihistamine used to manage symptoms of allergic rhinitis. A lack of sedative and CNS adverse effects make loratadine, along with other second generation antihistamines, preferable over their 1st generation counterparts in many clinical situations.
Ritonavir is an HIV protease inhibitor that interferes with the reproductive cycle of HIV. Although it was initially developed as an independent antiviral agent, it has been shown to possess advantageous properties in combination regimens with low-dose ritonavir and other protease inhibitors. It is now more commonly used as a booster of other protease inhibitors and is available in both liquid formulations and as capsules. While ritonavir is not an active antiviral agent against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, it is added in combination therapies indicated for the treatment of HCV infections as a booster. Ritonavir is a potent CYP3A inhibitor that increases peak and trough plasma drug concentrations of other protease inhibitors such as and overall drug exposure. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines recommend ritonavir-boosted combination therapies as first-line therapy for HCV Genotype 1a/b and 4 treatment-naïve patients with or without cirrhosis. Ritonavir is found in a fixed-dose combination product with , , and as the FDA-approved product Viekira Pak. First approved in December 2014, Viekira Pak is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis, and when combined with Ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis. Ritonavir is also available as a fixed-dose combination product with and as the FDA- and Health Canada-approved product Technivie. First approved in July 2015, Technivie is indicated in combination with Ribavirin for the treatment of patients with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis. In Canada, ritonavir is also available as a fixed-dose combination product with , , and as the Health Canada-approved, commercially available product Holkira Pak. First approved in January 2015, Holkira Pak is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b with or without cirrhosis, and when combined with Ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a with or without cirrhosis. The inclusion of ritonavir can select for HIV-1 protease inhibitor resistance-associated substitutions. Any HCV/HIV-1 co-infected patients treated with ritonavir-containing combination therapies should also be on a suppressive antiretroviral drug regimen to reduce the risk of HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance. Ritonavir is combined with other drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients at risk for progressing into a severe form of the disease, such as [nirmatrelvir].
Loratadine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Loratadine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Epistaxis
Epistaxis {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Loratadine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Loratadine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Lopinavir
Lopinavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Loratadine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Palpitations
Palpitations {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Loratadine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Desloratadine
Desloratadine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Loratadine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketotifen
Ketotifen {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Somnolence
Somnolence {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Loratadine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Alcaftadine
Alcaftadine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Headache
Headache {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Loratadine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) HMOX1
HMOX1 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) VPS28
VPS28 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Loratadine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) DNAJA3
DNAJA3 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) CYP3A5
CYP3A5 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Loratadine (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Ritonavir (Compound)
Loratadine (Compound) causes Epistaxis (Side Effect) and Epistaxis (Side Effect) is caused by Ritonavir (Compound)
Loratadine (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Atazanavir (Compound) and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Loratadine (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Lopinavir (Compound) and Lopinavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Loratadine (Compound) causes Palpitations (Side Effect) and Palpitations (Side Effect) is caused by Atazanavir (Compound) and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Loratadine (Compound) resembles Desloratadine (Compound) and Desloratadine (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Ritonavir (Compound)
Loratadine (Compound) resembles Ketotifen (Compound) and Ketotifen (Compound) causes Somnolence (Side Effect) and Somnolence (Side Effect) is caused by Ritonavir (Compound)
Loratadine (Compound) resembles Alcaftadine (Compound) and Alcaftadine (Compound) causes Headache (Side Effect) and Headache (Side Effect) is caused by Ritonavir (Compound)
Loratadine (Compound) upregulates HMOX1 (Gene) and HMOX1 (Gene) is regulated by VPS28 (Gene) and VPS28 (Gene) is downregulated by Ritonavir (Compound)
Loratadine (Compound) downregulates DNAJA3 (Gene) and DNAJA3 (Gene) is regulated by CYP3A5 (Gene) and CYP3A5 (Gene) is bound by Ritonavir (Compound)