DDInter596 DDInter410
Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius along side with daunorubicin, another cytotoxic agent, in 1970.[A1575,A257709,A257614] Although they both have aglyconic and sugar moieties, doxorubicin's side chain terminates with a primary alcohol group compared to the methyl group of daunorubicin. Although its detailed molecular mechanisms have yet to be understood, doxorubicin is generally thought to exert its effect through DNA intercalation, which eventually leads to DNA damage and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Thanks to its efficacy and broad effect, doxorubicin was approved by the FDA in 1974 to treat a variety of cancer, including but not limited to breast, lung, gastric, ovarian, thyroid, non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myel
Clomipramine, the 3-chloro analog of imipramine, is a dibenzazepine-derivative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). TCAs are structurally similar to phenothiazines. They contain a tricyclic ring system with an alkyl amine substituent on the central ring. In non-depressed individuals, clomipramine does not affect mood or arousal, but may cause sedation. In depressed individuals, clomipramine exerts a positive effect on mood. TCAs are potent inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. Tertiary amine TCAs, such as clomipramine, are more potent inhibitors of serotonin reuptake than secondary amine TCAs, such as nortriptyline and desipramine. TCAs also down-regulate cerebral cortical &beta;-adrenergic receptors and sensitize post-synaptic serotonergic receptors with chronic use. The antidepressant effects of TCAs are thought to be due to an overall increase in serotonergic neurotransmission. TCAs also block histamine-H<sub>1</sub> receptors, &alpha;<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors, which accounts for their sedative, hypotensive and anticholinergic effects (e.g. blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention), respectively. See toxicity section below for a complete listing of side effects. Clomipramine may be used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder and disorders with an obsessive-compulsive component (e.g. depression, schizophrenia, Tourette’s disorder). Unlabeled indications include panic disorder, chronic pain (e.g. central pain, idiopathic pain disorder, tension headache, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, neuropathic pain), cataplexy and associated narcolepsy, autistic disorder, trichotillomania, onchophagia, stuttering, premature ejaculation, and premenstrual syndrome. Clomipramine is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Clomipramine
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Pruritus
Pruritus {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Clomipramine
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Epirubicin
Epirubicin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Clomipramine
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Thioridazine
Thioridazine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Clomipramine
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Adinazolam
Adinazolam {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Clomipramine
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Pruritus
Pruritus {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Trimipramine
Trimipramine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Clomipramine
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Dysuria
Dysuria {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Diazepam
Diazepam {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Clomipramine
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hyperuricaemia
Hyperuricaemia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Clomipramine
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Mouth ulceration
Mouth ulceration {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Tiotropium
Tiotropium {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Clomipramine
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Breast pain
Breast pain {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Metronidazole
Metronidazole {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Clomipramine
Doxorubicin (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Clomipramine (Compound)
Doxorubicin (Compound) causes Pruritus (Side Effect) and Pruritus (Side Effect) is caused by Clomipramine (Compound)
Doxorubicin (Compound) resembles Epirubicin (Compound) and Epirubicin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Clomipramine
Doxorubicin (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Thioridazine (Compound) and Thioridazine (Compound) resembles Clomipramine (Compound)
Doxorubicin (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Adinazolam (Compound) and Adinazolam (Compound) resembles Clomipramine (Compound)
Doxorubicin (Compound) causes Pruritus (Side Effect) and Pruritus (Side Effect) is caused by Trimipramine (Compound) and Trimipramine (Compound) resembles Clomipramine (Compound)
Doxorubicin (Compound) causes Dysuria (Side Effect) and Dysuria (Side Effect) is caused by Diazepam (Compound) and Diazepam (Compound) resembles Clomipramine (Compound)
Doxorubicin (Compound) causes Hyperuricaemia (Side Effect) and Hyperuricaemia (Side Effect) is caused by Flurbiprofen (Compound) and Flurbiprofen may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Clomipramine
Doxorubicin (Compound) causes Mouth ulceration (Side Effect) and Mouth ulceration (Side Effect) is caused by Tiotropium (Compound) and Tiotropium may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Clomipramine
Doxorubicin (Compound) causes Breast pain (Side Effect) and Breast pain (Side Effect) is caused by Metronidazole (Compound) and Metronidazole may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Clomipramine