DDInter1055 DDInter504
Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic and the optical S-(-) isomer of racemic [ofloxacin]. It reportedly carries 8 to 128-fold more activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria compared to R-(+)-ofloxacin and remains stereochemically stable following administration (i.e. it does not invert to the inactive isomer). Levofloxacin, along with other quinolones such as [gatifloxacin] and [moxifloxacin], is a member of the third generation of fluoroquinolones, colloquially referred to as the "respiratory quinolones" due to improved activity against gram-positive bacteria commonly implicated in respiratory infections.[A31453,A190756] Levofloxacin was first approved by the FDA in 1996, and was approved in Canada and several South American countries soon after.
Desipramine hydrochloride is a dibenzazepine-derivative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). TCAs are structurally similar to phenothiazines. They contain a tricyclic ring system with an alkyl amine substituent on the central ring. In non-depressed individuals, desipramine does not affect mood or arousal, but may cause sedation. In depressed individuals, desipramine exerts a positive effect on mood. TCAs are potent inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. Secondary amine TCAs, such as desipramine and nortriptyline, are more potent inhibitors of norepinephrine reuptake than tertiary amine TCAs, such as amitriptyline and doxepine. TCAs also down-regulate cerebral cortical &beta;-adrenergic receptors and sensitize post-synaptic serotonergic receptors with chronic use. The antidepressant effects of TCAs are thought to be due to an overall increase in serotonergic neurotransmission. TCAs also block histamine-H<sub>1</sub> receptors, &alpha;<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors, which accounts for their sedative, hypotensive and anticholinergic effects (e.g. blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention), respectively. See toxicity section below for a complete listing of side effects. Desipramine exerts less anticholinergic and sedative side effects compared to tertiary amine TCAs, such as amitriptyline and clomipramine. Desipramine may be used to treat depression, neuropathic pain (unlabeled use), agitation and insomnia (unlabeled use) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (unlabeled use).
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) SLC22A2
SLC22A2 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Desipramine
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Disorientation
Disorientation {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Desipramine
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) SLC22A2
SLC22A2 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Imipramine
Imipramine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Desipramine
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Epinastine
Epinastine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Desipramine
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Disorientation
Disorientation {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Protriptyline
Protriptyline {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Desipramine
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Ventricular tachycardia
Ventricular tachycardia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Alimemazine
Alimemazine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Desipramine
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) GPATCH8
GPATCH8 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Protriptyline
Protriptyline {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Desipramine
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) ASS1
ASS1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Protriptyline
Protriptyline {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Desipramine
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) GPATCH8
GPATCH8 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ethopropazine
Ethopropazine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Desipramine
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) ASS1
ASS1 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) SYNGR3
SYNGR3 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Desipramine
Levofloxacin (Compound) binds SLC22A2 (Gene) and SLC22A2 (Gene) is bound by Desipramine (Compound)
Levofloxacin (Compound) causes Disorientation (Side Effect) and Disorientation (Side Effect) is caused by Desipramine (Compound)
Levofloxacin (Compound) binds SLC22A2 (Gene) and SLC22A2 (Gene) is bound by Imipramine (Compound) and Imipramine (Compound) resembles Desipramine (Compound)
Levofloxacin (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Epinastine (Compound) and Epinastine (Compound) resembles Desipramine (Compound)
Levofloxacin (Compound) causes Disorientation (Side Effect) and Disorientation (Side Effect) is caused by Protriptyline (Compound) and Protriptyline (Compound) resembles Desipramine (Compound)
Levofloxacin (Compound) causes Ventricular tachycardia (Side Effect) and Ventricular tachycardia (Side Effect) is caused by Alimemazine (Compound) and Alimemazine (Compound) resembles Desipramine (Compound)
Levofloxacin (Compound) upregulates GPATCH8 (Gene) and GPATCH8 (Gene) is upregulated by Protriptyline (Compound) and Protriptyline (Compound) resembles Desipramine (Compound)
Levofloxacin (Compound) downregulates ASS1 (Gene) and ASS1 (Gene) is downregulated by Protriptyline (Compound) and Protriptyline (Compound) resembles Desipramine (Compound)
Levofloxacin (Compound) upregulates GPATCH8 (Gene) and GPATCH8 (Gene) is upregulated by Ethopropazine (Compound) and Ethopropazine (Compound) resembles Desipramine (Compound)
Levofloxacin (Compound) downregulates ASS1 (Gene) and ASS1 (Gene) is regulated by SYNGR3 (Gene) and SYNGR3 (Gene) is upregulated by Desipramine (Compound)