DDInter1971 DDInter1008
Zonisamide is a sulfonamide anticonvulsant used as an adjunctive therapy in adults with partial-onset seizures.[L42530,L42535] Zonisamide may act by blocking repetitive firing of voltage-gated sodium channels, leading to a reduction of T-type calcium channel currents or by binding allosterically to GABA receptors. This latter action may inhibit the uptake of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA while enhancing the uptake of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate.[L42530,L42535] Zonisamide represents an alternative for patients that remain refractory to established antiepileptic drugs. In 1989, it was approved for commercial use in Japan. The US and Europe approved it in 2000 and 2005, respectively.[A1379,A1383]
Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent used in the prevention and treatment of a variety of fungal infections.[FDA Label] It functions by preventing the synthesis of ergosterol, the fungal equivalent of cholesterol, thereby increasing membrane fluidity and preventing growth of the fungus.[A181802,T116] Ketoconazole was first approved in an oral formulation for systemic use by the FDA in 1981. At this time it was considered a significant improvement over previous antifungals, [miconazole] and [clotrimazole], due to its broad spectrum and good absorption. However, it was discovered that ketoconazole produces frequent gastrointestinal side effects and dose-related hepatitis.[A188054,A188057] These effects combined with waning efficacy led to its eventual replacement by triazole agents, [fluconazole], [itraconazole], [voriconazole], and [posaconazole]. Ketoconazole and its predecessor [clotrimazole] continue to be used in topical formulations.
Zonisamide {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Zonisamide {u} (Compound) is included by {v} (Pharmacologic Class) P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors
P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors {u} (Pharmacologic Class) includes {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Zonisamide {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Zonisamide {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Zonisamide {u} (Compound) is included by {v} (Pharmacologic Class) P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors
P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors {u} (Pharmacologic Class) includes {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Zonisamide {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Zonisamide {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Dry skin
Dry skin {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Zonisamide {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) ENOPH1
ENOPH1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Zonisamide {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) ENOPH1
ENOPH1 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) CYP1A1
CYP1A1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Zonisamide {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Zonisamide (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Zonisamide (Compound) is included by P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors (Pharmacologic Class) and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors (Pharmacologic Class) includes Ketoconazole (Compound)
Zonisamide (Compound) causes Hypersensitivity (Side Effect) and Hypersensitivity (Side Effect) is caused by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Zonisamide (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Zonisamide (Compound) is included by P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors (Pharmacologic Class) and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors (Pharmacologic Class) includes Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Zonisamide (Compound) causes Hypersensitivity (Side Effect) and Hypersensitivity (Side Effect) is caused by Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Zonisamide (Compound) causes Dry skin (Side Effect) and Dry skin (Side Effect) is caused by Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Zonisamide (Compound) downregulates ENOPH1 (Gene) and ENOPH1 (Gene) is downregulated by Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Zonisamide (Compound) downregulates ENOPH1 (Gene) and ENOPH1 (Gene) is regulated by CYP1A1 (Gene) and CYP1A1 (Gene) is bound by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Zonisamide (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)