DDInter1144 DDInter1628
Melphalan is a nitrogen mustard or bischloroethylamine type alkylating agent. It was first synthesized in the early 1950s by substituting L-phenylalanine for the methyl group on nitrogen mustard.[A261150, A261155] Melphalan is used in the treatment of multiple myeloma and ovarian carcinoma. It is also used for high-conditioning before hematopoietic stem cell transplant. It is also used to treat uveal melanoma with unresectable hepatic metastases.
Ruxolitinib, formerly known as INCB018424 or INC424, is an anticancer drug and a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2, which are tyrosine kinases involved in cytokine signalling and hematopoiesis. Myeloproliferative neoplasms, such as myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera, are often characterized by aberrant activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, leading to abnormal blood cell counts and thrombotic complications. By inhibiting JAK1 and JAK2, ruxolitinib works to block the dysregulated cell signalling pathways and prevents abnormal blood cell proliferation. Due to a large number of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms who have JAK2 mutations, ruxolitinib was the first ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 ever developed. Ruxolitinib was first approved for the treatment of adult patients with myelofibrosis by the FDA in 2011, followed by EMA's approval in 2012. In 2014, it was approved for the treatment of polycythemia vera in adults who have an inadequate response to or are intolerant of [hydroxyurea] and in 2019, ruxolitinib was approved for use in steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease in adults and children. The topical formulation of ruxolitinib is used to treat atopic dermatitis and vitiligo. It is being investigated for other inflammatory skin conditions. Ruxolitinib has been investigated to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) accompanied by severe systemic hyperinflammation. In phase II clinical trials, ruxolitinib improved chest computed tomography and improved recovery in patients with lymphopenia.[A229713, A229718] However, phase III clinical trials later determined that ruxolitinib was inadequate in meeting its primary endpoint of reducing the number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients who experienced severe complications thus the drug was not approved as a treatment for COVID-19.
Melphalan {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) hematologic cancer
hematologic cancer {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Melphalan {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) BLCAP
BLCAP {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Melphalan {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Anaemia
Anaemia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Melphalan {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) hematologic cancer
hematologic cancer {u} (Disease) is associated with {v} (Gene) JAK1
JAK1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Melphalan {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) BLCAP
BLCAP {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) MKNK2
MKNK2 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Melphalan {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Levodopa
Levodopa {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) PSIP1
PSIP1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Melphalan {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) PTGS2
PTGS2 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Melphalan {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Levodopa
Levodopa {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Anaemia
Anaemia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Melphalan {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) hematologic cancer
hematologic cancer {u} (Disease) downregulates {v} (Gene) MAST1
MAST1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Melphalan {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) BLCAP
BLCAP {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) MTF2
MTF2 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Melphalan (Compound) treats hematologic cancer (Disease) and hematologic cancer (Disease) is treated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Melphalan (Compound) upregulates BLCAP (Gene) and BLCAP (Gene) is downregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Melphalan (Compound) causes Anaemia (Side Effect) and Anaemia (Side Effect) is caused by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Melphalan (Compound) treats hematologic cancer (Disease) and hematologic cancer (Disease) is associated with JAK1 (Gene) and JAK1 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Melphalan (Compound) upregulates BLCAP (Gene) and BLCAP (Gene) is regulated by MKNK2 (Gene) and MKNK2 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Melphalan (Compound) resembles Levodopa (Compound) and Levodopa (Compound) binds PSIP1 (Gene) and PSIP1 (Gene) is downregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Melphalan (Compound) resembles Ibuprofen (Compound) and Ibuprofen (Compound) binds PTGS2 (Gene) and PTGS2 (Gene) is upregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Melphalan (Compound) resembles Levodopa (Compound) and Levodopa (Compound) causes Anaemia (Side Effect) and Anaemia (Side Effect) is caused by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Melphalan (Compound) treats hematologic cancer (Disease) and hematologic cancer (Disease) downregulates MAST1 (Gene) and MAST1 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Melphalan (Compound) upregulates BLCAP (Gene) and BLCAP (Gene) is regulated by MTF2 (Gene) and MTF2 (Gene) is upregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)