DDInter364 DDInter676
Chlorpropamide is an oral antihyperglycemic agent used for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It belongs to the sulfonylurea class of insulin secretagogues, which act by stimulating β cells of the pancreas to release insulin. Sulfonylureas increase both basal insulin secretion and meal-stimulated insulin release. Medications in this class differ in their dose, rate of absorption, duration of action, route of elimination and binding site on their target pancreatic β cell receptor. Sulfonylureas also increase peripheral glucose utilization, decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis and may increase the number and sensitivity of insulin receptors. Sulfonylureas are associated with weight gain, though less so than insulin. Due to their mechanism of action, sulfonylureas may cause hypoglycemia and require consistent food intake to decrease this risk. The risk of hypoglycemia is increased in elderly, deb
Esomeprazole, sold under the brand name Nexium, is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medication used for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), for gastric protection to prevent recurrence of stomach ulcers or gastric damage from chronic use of NSAIDs, and for the treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions including Zollinger-Ellison (ZE) Syndrome. It can also be found in quadruple regimens for the treatment of _H. pylori_ infections along with other antibiotics including , , and , for example.[A177271, F4498] Its efficacy is considered similar to other medications within the PPI class including , , , , and . Esomeprazole is the s-isomer of , which is a racemate of the S- and R-enantiomer. Esomeprazole has been shown to inhibit acid secretion to a similar extent as , without any significant differences between the two compounds _in vitro_. Esomeprazole exerts its stomach acid-suppressing effects by preventing the final step in gastric acid production by covalently binding to sulfhydryl groups of cysteines found on the (H+, K+)-ATPase enzyme at the secretory surface of gastric parietal cells. This effect leads to inhibition of both basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, irrespective of the stimulus. As the binding of esomeprazole to the (H+, K+)-ATPase enzyme is irreversible and new enzyme needs to be expressed in order to resume acid secretion, esomeprazole's duration of antisecretory effect persists longer than 24 hours.[FDA Label] PPIs such as esomeprazole have also been shown to inhibit the activity of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), an enzyme necessary for cardiovascular health. DDAH inhibition causes a consequent accumulation of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginie (ADMA), which is thought to cause the association of PPIs with increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with unstable coronary syndromes.[A177577, A177580] Due to their good safety profile and as several PPIs are available over the counter without a prescription, their current use in North America is widespread. Long term use of PPIs such as esomeprazole has been associated with possible adverse effects, however, including increased susceptibility to bacterial infections (including gastrointestinal _C. difficile_), reduced absorption of micronutrients such as iron and B12, and an increased risk of developing hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia which may contribute to osteoporosis and bone fractures later in life. Rapid discontinuation of PPIs such as esomeprazole may cause a rebound effect and a short term increase in hypersecretion. Esomeprazole doses should be slowly lowered, or tapered, before discontinuing to prevent this rebound effect.
Chlorpropamide {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C19
CYP2C19 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Esomeprazole
Chlorpropamide {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Agranulocytosis
Agranulocytosis {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Esomeprazole
Chlorpropamide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Glimepiride
Glimepiride {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Esomeprazole
Chlorpropamide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Glipizide
Glipizide {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Esomeprazole
Chlorpropamide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Tolbutamide {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Esomeprazole
Chlorpropamide {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C19
CYP2C19 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Lansoprazole
Lansoprazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Esomeprazole
Chlorpropamide {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Agranulocytosis
Agranulocytosis {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Lansoprazole
Lansoprazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Esomeprazole
Chlorpropamide {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Fluid retention
Fluid retention {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Omeprazole
Omeprazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Esomeprazole
Chlorpropamide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Glimepiride
Glimepiride {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Dry mouth
Dry mouth {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Esomeprazole
Chlorpropamide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Glipizide
Glipizide {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Esomeprazole
Chlorpropamide (Compound) binds CYP2C19 (Gene) and CYP2C19 (Gene) is bound by Esomeprazole (Compound)
Chlorpropamide (Compound) causes Agranulocytosis (Side Effect) and Agranulocytosis (Side Effect) is caused by Esomeprazole (Compound)
Chlorpropamide (Compound) resembles Glimepiride (Compound) and Glimepiride may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Esomeprazole
Chlorpropamide (Compound) resembles Glipizide (Compound) and Glipizide may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Esomeprazole
Chlorpropamide (Compound) resembles Tolbutamide (Compound) and Tolbutamide may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Esomeprazole
Chlorpropamide (Compound) binds CYP2C19 (Gene) and CYP2C19 (Gene) is bound by Lansoprazole (Compound) and Lansoprazole (Compound) resembles Esomeprazole (Compound)
Chlorpropamide (Compound) causes Agranulocytosis (Side Effect) and Agranulocytosis (Side Effect) is caused by Lansoprazole (Compound) and Lansoprazole (Compound) resembles Esomeprazole (Compound)
Chlorpropamide (Compound) causes Fluid retention (Side Effect) and Fluid retention (Side Effect) is caused by Omeprazole (Compound) and Omeprazole (Compound) resembles Esomeprazole (Compound)
Chlorpropamide (Compound) resembles Glimepiride (Compound) and Glimepiride (Compound) causes Dry mouth (Side Effect) and Dry mouth (Side Effect) is caused by Esomeprazole (Compound)
Chlorpropamide (Compound) resembles Glipizide (Compound) and Glipizide (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Esomeprazole (Compound)