DDInter1042 DDInter826
Leuprolide is a synthetic 9-residue peptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Unlike the endogenous decapeptide GnRH, leuprolide contains a single D-amino acid (D-leucyl) residue, which helps to increase its circulating half-life from three to four minutes to approximately three hours. As a GnRH mimic, leuprolide is capable of binding to the GnRH receptor (GnRHR) and inducing downstream modulation of both gonadotropin hormone and sex steroid levels. Prolonged activation of GnRHR results in significant downregulation of sex steroid levels, which is primarily responsible for the clinical efficacy of leuprolide in diverse conditions, including advanced prostate cancer, endometriosis, and central precocious puberty.[A203126, A203132] Leuprolide was first approved in 1985 as a daily subcutaneous injection under the tradename
Glipizide is an oral hypoglycemic agent in the second-generation sulfonylurea drug class that is used to control blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was first introduced in 1984 and is available in various countries including Canada and the U.S. According to the 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines by Diabetes Canada, sulfonylurea drugs are considered a second-line glucose-lowering therapy following metformin. Because sulfonylureas require functional pancreatic beta cells for their therapeutic effectiveness, sulfonylureas are more commonly used for early-stage type 2 diabetes when there is no progressed pancreatic failure. Compared to the first-generation sulfonylureas, such as [tolbutamide] and [chlorpropamide], second-generation sulfonylureas contain a more non-polar side chain in their chemical structure, which enhances their hypoglycemic potency. Compared to other members of the sulfonylurea drug group, glipizide displays rapid absorption and onset of action with the shortest half-life and duration of action, reducing the risk for long-lasting hypoglycemia that is often observed with blood glucose-lowering agents. Glipizide was first approved by the FDA in 1994 and is available in extended-release tablets under the brand name Glucotrol®, as well as in combination with metformin under the brand name Metaglip®.
Glipizide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Glyburide
Glipizide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Chlorpropamide
Glipizide {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) type 2 diabetes mellitus
Glipizide {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCC8
Glipizide {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) INPP4B
Glipizide {u} (Compound) is included by {v} (Pharmacologic Class) Sulfonylurea Compounds
Glipizide {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) CEBPB
Glipizide {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Retinal haemorrhage
Glipizide {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Methylcellulose
Glipizide {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Methyldopa
Glipizide (Compound) resembles Glyburide (Compound)
Glipizide (Compound) resembles Chlorpropamide (Compound)
Glipizide (Compound) treats type 2 diabetes mellitus (Disease)
Glipizide (Compound) binds ABCC8 (Gene)
Glipizide (Compound) upregulates INPP4B (Gene)
Glipizide (Compound) is included by Sulfonylurea Compounds (Pharmacologic Class)
Glipizide (Compound) downregulates CEBPB (Gene)
Glipizide (Compound) causes Retinal haemorrhage (Side Effect)
Glipizide may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Methylcellulose
Glipizide may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Methyldopa