DDInter1607 DDInter107
Ritonavir is an HIV protease inhibitor that interferes with the reproductive cycle of HIV. Although it was initially developed as an independent antiviral agent, it has been shown to possess advantageous properties in combination regimens with low-dose ritonavir and other protease inhibitors. It is now more commonly used as a booster of other protease inhibitors and is available in both liquid formulations and as capsules. While ritonavir is not an active antiviral agent against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, it is added in combination therapies indicated for the treatment of HCV infections as a booster. Ritonavir is a potent CYP3A inhibitor that increases peak and trough plasma drug concentrations of other protease inhibitors such as and overall drug exposure. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines recommend ritonavir-boosted combination therapies as first-line therapy for HCV Genotype 1a/b and
Apalutamide is a potent androgen receptor (AR) antagonist that selectively binds to the ligand-binding domain of AR and blocks AR nuclear translocation or binding to androgen response elements . It has been used in trials studying the treatment of Prostate Cancer, Hepatic Impairment, Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, and Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant, among others. Exerting an antitumor action, apalutamide blocking the effect of androgens that promote tumor growth. It targets the AR ligand-binding domain and prevents AR nuclear translocation, DNA binding, and transcription of AR gene targets in prostate tumors . In mice bearing human CRPC xenograft models, apalutamide treatment produced tumor regressions in a dose-dependent manner that was more effective than that of or . Unlike bicalutamide, apalutamide antagonized AR-mediated signaling in AR overexpressing human CRPC cell lines . Androgen-deprivation therapy, or hormone therapy, can be used as part of maintenance therapy for patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer. Although most patients achieve therapeutic responses at the initial hormone therapy, many patients progress to non-metastatic castration-resistant (resistance to hormone therapy) prostate cancer which is the second-most common cause of cancer-related deaths in American males . Castration-resistant prostate cancer is often incurable, which poses significant clinical challenges for patients. Approximately 10 to 20 % of prostate cancer cases are castration-resistant, and up to 16% of these patients show no evidence of cancer metastasis at the time of castration-resistant diagnosis . Higher prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and shorter PSA doubling time (PSA DT) are associated with a higher risk for metastases and death . In a phase-2 multicenter open-label study, 89% of patients with non-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer had ≥50% PSA decline at week 12 of apalutamide treatment . In a randomized trial, the median metastasis-free survival for patients taking apalutamide was 40.5 months compared to 16.2 months for patients taking a placebo . Apalutamide displayed good tolerability and safety profile in clinical studies. Apalutamide was approved in February 2018 by the FDA as Erleada for the treatment of patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer that is resistant to treatment with hormone therapy (castration-resistant). It is available as oral tablets. Apalutamide is the first FDA-approved treatment for non-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer .
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Carfilzomib
Carfilzomib {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Enfortumab vedotin
Enfortumab vedotin {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Lidocaine
Lidocaine {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Lopinavir
Lopinavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Saquinavir
Saquinavir {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Medroxyprogesterone acetate
Medroxyprogesterone acetate {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Saquinavir
Saquinavir {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Lopinavir
Lopinavir {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Fluconazole
Fluconazole {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Clarithromycin
Clarithromycin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) SLCO1A2
SLCO1A2 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Fexofenadine
Fexofenadine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Zidovudine
Zidovudine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Ritonavir (Compound) resembles Atazanavir (Compound) and Atazanavir may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Apalutamide
Ritonavir (Compound) resembles Carfilzomib (Compound) and Carfilzomib may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Enfortumab vedotin and Enfortumab vedotin may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Apalutamide
Ritonavir (Compound) resembles Atazanavir (Compound) and Atazanavir may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Lidocaine and Lidocaine may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Apalutamide
Ritonavir (Compound) resembles Lopinavir (Compound) and Lopinavir (Compound) resembles Saquinavir (Compound) and Saquinavir may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Apalutamide
Ritonavir (Compound) resembles Atazanavir (Compound) and Atazanavir may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Medroxyprogesterone acetate and Medroxyprogesterone acetate may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Apalutamide
Ritonavir (Compound) treats acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Disease) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Disease) is treated by Saquinavir (Compound) and Saquinavir may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Apalutamide
Ritonavir (Compound) resembles Lopinavir (Compound) and Lopinavir may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Fluconazole and Fluconazole may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Apalutamide
Ritonavir (Compound) resembles Atazanavir (Compound) and Atazanavir may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Clarithromycin and Clarithromycin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Apalutamide
Ritonavir (Compound) binds SLCO1A2 (Gene) and SLCO1A2 (Gene) is bound by Fexofenadine (Compound) and Fexofenadine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Apalutamide
Ritonavir (Compound) treats acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Disease) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Disease) is treated by Zidovudine (Compound) and Zidovudine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Apalutamide