DDInter548 DDInter1562
A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed) The FDA withdrew its approval for the use of all oral and parenteral drug products containing 25 milligrams or more of diethylstilbestrol per unit dose.
Raloxifene is a second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that mediates anti-estrogenic effects on breast and uterine tissues, and estrogenic effects on bone, lipid metabolism, and blood coagulation.[A4979,T28] Exhibiting tissue-specific effects distinct from [estradiol], raloxifene is the first of the benzothiophene group of antiestrogens to be labelled a SERM. Available in many countries worldwide, raloxifene was initially approved by the FDA in December, 1997 under the market name Evista® for the management and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and reduction in risk for invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or those who are at high risk for invasive breast cancer. However, it has a negligible effect on altering the development and progression of breast cancer itself.[label] The most common causes of osteoporosis include postmenopausal deficiency of estrogen and age-related deterioration in bone homeostasis. Due to the risk of bone fractures that may lead to morbidities and reduced quality of life, the management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with the use of therapeutic agents in addition to concurrent therapies is critical. Due to the decline in estrogen levels in postmenopausal osteoporosis, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), such as estradiol, has been used to ameliorate the condition. However, due to the off-target actions by HRT, newer non-hormonal agents such as raloxifene and [tamoxifen] have been developed to reduce adverse events through selective pharmacological actions on tissue-specific therapeutic targets. The main effects of raloxifene are to preserve the bone mineral density and decrease the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Compared to estrogen and tamoxifen, raloxifene was not associated with an increased risk of uterine cancer and it does not cause endometrial proliferation. Although rare, there was an increased risk of venous thromboembolism during clinical trials of postmenopausal women receiving raloxifene. In addition, a clinical study consisting of postmenopausal women with documented coronary heart disease or at increased risk for coronary events showed an increased risk for fatal stroke with raloxifene therapy compared to placebo.[label] It is strongly advised that the risk-benefit ratio is considered before starting raloxifene therapy in women at risk of thromboembolic disease or strokes, such as the prior history of stroke, transient ischemic attack, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, or cigarette smoking.[label]
Diethylstilbestrol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ESR2
ESR2 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Raloxifene
Diethylstilbestrol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ESR2
ESR2 {u} (Gene) is associated with {v} (Disease) breast cancer
breast cancer {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Raloxifene
Diethylstilbestrol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C8
CYP2C8 {u} (Gene) interacts with {v} (Gene) LONP1
LONP1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Raloxifene
Diethylstilbestrol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) AOX1
AOX1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Disease) breast cancer
breast cancer {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Raloxifene
Diethylstilbestrol {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritodrine
Ritodrine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) CDC20
CDC20 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Raloxifene
Diethylstilbestrol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C8
CYP2C8 {u} (Gene) interacts with {v} (Gene) BLMH
BLMH {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Raloxifene
Diethylstilbestrol {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Dienestrol
Dienestrol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ESR1
ESR1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Raloxifene
Diethylstilbestrol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) covaries with {v} (Gene) HSD17B4
HSD17B4 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Raloxifene
Diethylstilbestrol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ESR2
ESR2 {u} (Gene) interacts with {v} (Gene) ESR1
ESR1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Raloxifene
Diethylstilbestrol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ESR1
ESR1 {u} (Gene) interacts with {v} (Gene) ESR2
ESR2 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Raloxifene
Diethylstilbestrol (Compound) binds ESR2 (Gene) and ESR2 (Gene) is bound by Raloxifene (Compound)
Diethylstilbestrol (Compound) binds ESR2 (Gene) and ESR2 (Gene) is associated with breast cancer (Disease) and breast cancer (Disease) is treated by Raloxifene (Compound)
Diethylstilbestrol (Compound) binds CYP2C8 (Gene) and CYP2C8 (Gene) interacts with LONP1 (Gene) and LONP1 (Gene) is downregulated by Raloxifene (Compound)
Diethylstilbestrol (Compound) binds AOX1 (Gene) and AOX1 (Gene) is downregulated by breast cancer (Disease) and breast cancer (Disease) is treated by Raloxifene (Compound)
Diethylstilbestrol (Compound) resembles Ritodrine (Compound) and Ritodrine (Compound) downregulates CDC20 (Gene) and CDC20 (Gene) is downregulated by Raloxifene (Compound)
Diethylstilbestrol (Compound) binds CYP2C8 (Gene) and CYP2C8 (Gene) interacts with BLMH (Gene) and BLMH (Gene) is downregulated by Raloxifene (Compound)
Diethylstilbestrol (Compound) resembles Dienestrol (Compound) and Dienestrol (Compound) binds ESR1 (Gene) and ESR1 (Gene) is bound by Raloxifene (Compound)
Diethylstilbestrol (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) covaries with HSD17B4 (Gene) and HSD17B4 (Gene) is upregulated by Raloxifene (Compound)
Diethylstilbestrol (Compound) binds ESR2 (Gene) and ESR2 (Gene) interacts with ESR1 (Gene) and ESR1 (Gene) is bound by Raloxifene (Compound)
Diethylstilbestrol (Compound) binds ESR1 (Gene) and ESR1 (Gene) interacts with ESR2 (Gene) and ESR2 (Gene) is bound by Raloxifene (Compound)