DDInter150 DDInter1965
Azathioprine is a prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine, first synthesized in 1956 by Gertrude Elion, William Lange, and George Hitchings in an attempt to produce a derivative of 6-mercaptopurine with a better therapeutic index.[A189678,A189687,A189690] Azathioprine is used to treat inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and as an immunosuppressant in the prevention of renal transplant rejection. Azathiprine was granted FDA approval on 20 March 1968.
Zinc gluconate is a zinc salt of gluconic acid comprised of two gluconic acid molecules for each zinc cation (2+). Zinc gluconate is a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) substance by FDA . It is available as a trace mineral supplement and over the counter as a lozenge form for a reduced duration of common colds and with decreased symptom severity. Although it has been nasally administered for treating the common cold, this route of administration has been associated with some cases of anosmia , , , . Studies show that zinc may be better absorbed in humans in the gluconate form , , however, results from other studies may vary.[A27280, L2082] Interestingly, zinc supplementation has become a critical intervention for treating diarrheal episodes in children. Studies suggest that administration of zinc along with new low osmolarity oral rehydration solutions/salts (oral rehydration solution), may reduce both the duration and severity of diarrheal episodes for up to 12 weeks . More information about Zinc (in its natural form) is available at .
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) systemic scleroderma
systemic scleroderma {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic acid {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Zinc gluconate
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) COL11A1
COL11A1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic acid {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Zinc gluconate
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) RRS1
RRS1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic acid {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Zinc gluconate
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) INTS3
INTS3 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic acid {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Zinc gluconate
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) RRP1B
RRP1B {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Betamethasone
Betamethasone {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Zinc gluconate
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Intestinal perforation
Intestinal perforation {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic acid {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Zinc gluconate
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) STUB1
STUB1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Sparfloxacin
Sparfloxacin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Zinc gluconate
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Intestinal perforation
Intestinal perforation {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ofloxacin
Ofloxacin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Zinc gluconate
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Lymphoma
Lymphoma {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Raltegravir
Raltegravir {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Zinc gluconate
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) CYCS
CYCS {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Minocycline
Minocycline {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Zinc gluconate
Azathioprine (Compound) treats systemic scleroderma (Disease) and systemic scleroderma (Disease) is treated by Mycophenolic acid (Compound) and Mycophenolic acid may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Zinc gluconate
Azathioprine (Compound) upregulates COL11A1 (Gene) and COL11A1 (Gene) is upregulated by Mycophenolic acid (Compound) and Mycophenolic acid may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Zinc gluconate
Azathioprine (Compound) upregulates RRS1 (Gene) and RRS1 (Gene) is downregulated by Mycophenolic acid (Compound) and Mycophenolic acid may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Zinc gluconate
Azathioprine (Compound) downregulates INTS3 (Gene) and INTS3 (Gene) is downregulated by Mycophenolic acid (Compound) and Mycophenolic acid may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Zinc gluconate
Azathioprine (Compound) downregulates RRP1B (Gene) and RRP1B (Gene) is upregulated by Betamethasone (Compound) and Betamethasone may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Zinc gluconate
Azathioprine (Compound) causes Intestinal perforation (Side Effect) and Intestinal perforation (Side Effect) is caused by Mycophenolic acid (Compound) and Mycophenolic acid may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Zinc gluconate
Azathioprine (Compound) downregulates STUB1 (Gene) and STUB1 (Gene) is downregulated by Sparfloxacin (Compound) and Sparfloxacin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Zinc gluconate
Azathioprine (Compound) causes Intestinal perforation (Side Effect) and Intestinal perforation (Side Effect) is caused by Ofloxacin (Compound) and Ofloxacin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Zinc gluconate
Azathioprine (Compound) causes Lymphoma (Side Effect) and Lymphoma (Side Effect) is caused by Raltegravir (Compound) and Raltegravir may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Zinc gluconate
Azathioprine (Compound) downregulates CYCS (Gene) and CYCS (Gene) is bound by Minocycline (Compound) and Minocycline may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Zinc gluconate