DDInter1844 DDInter1562
Tranexamic acid is a synthetic derivative of [lysine] used as an antifibrinolytic in the treatment and prevention of major bleeding. It possesses a similar mechanism of action to [aminocaproic acid] but is approximately 10-fold more potent. It was first patented in 1957 and received its initial US approval in 1986.
Raloxifene is a second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that mediates anti-estrogenic effects on breast and uterine tissues, and estrogenic effects on bone, lipid metabolism, and blood coagulation.[A4979,T28] Exhibiting tissue-specific effects distinct from [estradiol], raloxifene is the first of the benzothiophene group of antiestrogens to be labelled a SERM. Available in many countries worldwide, raloxifene was initially approved by the FDA in December, 1997 under the market name Evista® for the management and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and reduction in risk for invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or those who are at high risk for invasive breast cancer. However, it has a negligible effect on altering the development and progression of breast cancer itself.[label] The most common causes of osteoporosis include postmenopausal deficiency of estrogen and age-related deterioration in bone homeostasis. Due to the risk of bone fractures that may lead to morbidities and reduced quality of life, the management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with the use of therapeutic agents in addition to concurrent therapies is critical. Due to the decline in estrogen levels in postmenopausal osteoporosis, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), such as estradiol, has been used to ameliorate the condition. However, due to the off-target actions by HRT, newer non-hormonal agents such as raloxifene and [tamoxifen] have been developed to reduce adverse events through selective pharmacological actions on tissue-specific therapeutic targets. The main effects of raloxifene are to preserve the bone mineral density and decrease the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Compared to estrogen and tamoxifen, raloxifene was not associated with an increased risk of uterine cancer and it does not cause endometrial proliferation. Although rare, there was an increased risk of venous thromboembolism during clinical trials of postmenopausal women receiving raloxifene. In addition, a clinical study consisting of postmenopausal women with documented coronary heart disease or at increased risk for coronary events showed an increased risk for fatal stroke with raloxifene therapy compared to placebo.[label] It is strongly advised that the risk-benefit ratio is considered before starting raloxifene therapy in women at risk of thromboembolic disease or strokes, such as the prior history of stroke, transient ischemic attack, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, or cigarette smoking.[label]
Tranexamic acid {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Embolism
Embolism {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Raloxifene
Tranexamic acid {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Nausea
Nausea {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Flavoxate
Flavoxate {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Raloxifene
Tranexamic acid {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) PLG
PLG {u} (Gene) interacts with {v} (Gene) HSPD1
HSPD1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Raloxifene
Tranexamic acid {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) YME1L1
YME1L1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Cloperastine
Cloperastine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Raloxifene
Tranexamic acid {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) PLG
PLG {u} (Gene) is associated with {v} (Disease) breast cancer
breast cancer {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Raloxifene
Tranexamic acid {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) KRT18
KRT18 {u} (Gene) interacts with {v} (Gene) CDK1
CDK1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Raloxifene
Tranexamic acid {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) YME1L1
YME1L1 {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) NARFL
NARFL {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Raloxifene
Tranexamic acid {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) PLG
PLG {u} (Gene) interacts with {v} (Gene) SMAD3
SMAD3 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Raloxifene
Tranexamic acid {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) TCEB2
TCEB2 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) LMNB2
LMNB2 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Raloxifene
Tranexamic acid {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) KRT18
KRT18 {u} (Gene) is associated with {v} (Disease) breast cancer
breast cancer {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Raloxifene
Tranexamic acid (Compound) causes Embolism (Side Effect) and Embolism (Side Effect) is caused by Raloxifene (Compound)
Tranexamic acid (Compound) causes Nausea (Side Effect) and Nausea (Side Effect) is caused by Flavoxate (Compound) and Flavoxate (Compound) resembles Raloxifene (Compound)
Tranexamic acid (Compound) binds PLG (Gene) and PLG (Gene) interacts with HSPD1 (Gene) and HSPD1 (Gene) is downregulated by Raloxifene (Compound)
Tranexamic acid (Compound) upregulates YME1L1 (Gene) and YME1L1 (Gene) is upregulated by Cloperastine (Compound) and Cloperastine (Compound) resembles Raloxifene (Compound)
Tranexamic acid (Compound) binds PLG (Gene) and PLG (Gene) is associated with breast cancer (Disease) and breast cancer (Disease) is treated by Raloxifene (Compound)
Tranexamic acid (Compound) downregulates KRT18 (Gene) and KRT18 (Gene) interacts with CDK1 (Gene) and CDK1 (Gene) is downregulated by Raloxifene (Compound)
Tranexamic acid (Compound) upregulates YME1L1 (Gene) and YME1L1 (Gene) regulates NARFL (Gene) and NARFL (Gene) is upregulated by Raloxifene (Compound)
Tranexamic acid (Compound) binds PLG (Gene) and PLG (Gene) interacts with SMAD3 (Gene) and SMAD3 (Gene) is upregulated by Raloxifene (Compound)
Tranexamic acid (Compound) downregulates TCEB2 (Gene) and TCEB2 (Gene) is regulated by LMNB2 (Gene) and LMNB2 (Gene) is downregulated by Raloxifene (Compound)
Tranexamic acid (Compound) downregulates KRT18 (Gene) and KRT18 (Gene) is associated with breast cancer (Disease) and breast cancer (Disease) is treated by Raloxifene (Compound)