DDInter1042 DDInter1837
Leuprolide is a synthetic 9-residue peptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Unlike the endogenous decapeptide GnRH, leuprolide contains a single D-amino acid (D-leucyl) residue, which helps to increase its circulating half-life from three to four minutes to approximately three hours. As a GnRH mimic, leuprolide is capable of binding to the GnRH receptor (GnRHR) and inducing downstream modulation of both gonadotropin hormone and sex steroid levels. Prolonged activation of GnRHR results in significant downregulation of sex steroid levels, which is primarily responsible for the clinical efficacy of leuprolide in diverse conditions, including advanced prostate cancer, endometriosis, and central precocious puberty.[A203126, A203132] Leuprolide was first approved in 1985 as a daily subcutaneous injection under the tradename
Toremifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and a nonsteroidal antiestrogen used to treat estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Like [tamoxifen], toremifene is part of the first-generation triphenylethylene derivative chemical class of SERMs. Toremifene possesses tissue-specific actions: it has estrogenic (agonist) activity on the cardiovascular system and on bone tissue and it has weak estrogenic effects on uterine tissue, however, it also has antiestrogenic (estrogen-antagonist) activity on breast tissue.
Toremifene {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxylamine
Toremifene {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) breast cancer
Toremifene {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
Toremifene {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) SQSTM1
Toremifene {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) PMM2
Toremifene {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Unspecified disorder of skin and subcutaneous tissue
Toremifene {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Sulfamethoxazole
Toremifene {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Aprepitant
Toremifene {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Metolazone
Toremifene {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Pazopanib
Toremifene (Compound) resembles Doxylamine (Compound)
Toremifene (Compound) treats breast cancer (Disease)
Toremifene (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene)
Toremifene (Compound) upregulates SQSTM1 (Gene)
Toremifene (Compound) downregulates PMM2 (Gene)
Toremifene (Compound) causes Unspecified disorder of skin and subcutaneous tissue (Side Effect)
Toremifene may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Sulfamethoxazole
Toremifene may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Aprepitant
Toremifene may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Metolazone
Toremifene may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Pazopanib