DDInter1607 DDInter1853
Ritonavir is an HIV protease inhibitor that interferes with the reproductive cycle of HIV. Although it was initially developed as an independent antiviral agent, it has been shown to possess advantageous properties in combination regimens with low-dose ritonavir and other protease inhibitors. It is now more commonly used as a booster of other protease inhibitors and is available in both liquid formulations and as capsules. While ritonavir is not an active antiviral agent against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, it is added in combination therapies indicated for the treatment of HCV infections as a booster. Ritonavir is a potent CYP3A inhibitor that increases peak and trough plasma drug concentrations of other protease inhibitors such as and overall drug exposure. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines recommend ritonavir-boosted combination therapies as first-line therapy for HCV Genotype 1a/b and
Tretinoin, also known as all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), is a naturally occurring derivative of [vitamin A] (retinol). It is an oxidation product in the physiological pathway of vitamin A metabolism. In human circulation, tretinoin is normally found at very low concentrations, approximately 4 to 14 nmol/L. Tretinoin exhibits anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antioxidant, and free radical-scavenging activities. It has been used in dermatology for many years to treat various skin conditions ranging from acne to wrinkles [A257474,A258185] and activates nuclear receptors to regulate epithelial cell growth and differentiation.[A257474,A257629,A257609] Tretinoin is given orally to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia and topically to treat skin conditions such as acne.[L45389,L34869,L45384]
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A5
CYP3A5 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Tretinoin
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) NT5DC2
NT5DC2 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Tretinoin
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Fatigue
Fatigue {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Tretinoin
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A5
CYP3A5 {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) C2CD2
C2CD2 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Tretinoin
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C8
CYP2C8 {u} (Gene) interacts with {v} (Gene) DNAJB1
DNAJB1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Tretinoin
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) interacts with {v} (Gene) STUB1
STUB1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Tretinoin
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) NT5DC2
NT5DC2 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Isotretinoin
Isotretinoin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Tretinoin
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Fatigue
Fatigue {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Isotretinoin
Isotretinoin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Tretinoin
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C9
CYP2C9 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Tretinoin
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Carfilzomib
Carfilzomib {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) PSMB8
PSMB8 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Tretinoin
Ritonavir (Compound) binds CYP3A5 (Gene) and CYP3A5 (Gene) is bound by Tretinoin (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) downregulates NT5DC2 (Gene) and NT5DC2 (Gene) is downregulated by Tretinoin (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) causes Fatigue (Side Effect) and Fatigue (Side Effect) is caused by Tretinoin (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) binds CYP3A5 (Gene) and CYP3A5 (Gene) regulates C2CD2 (Gene) and C2CD2 (Gene) is upregulated by Tretinoin (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) binds CYP2C8 (Gene) and CYP2C8 (Gene) interacts with DNAJB1 (Gene) and DNAJB1 (Gene) is upregulated by Tretinoin (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) interacts with STUB1 (Gene) and STUB1 (Gene) is downregulated by Tretinoin (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) downregulates NT5DC2 (Gene) and NT5DC2 (Gene) is downregulated by Isotretinoin (Compound) and Isotretinoin (Compound) resembles Tretinoin (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) causes Fatigue (Side Effect) and Fatigue (Side Effect) is caused by Isotretinoin (Compound) and Isotretinoin (Compound) resembles Tretinoin (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) resembles Atazanavir (Compound) and Atazanavir (Compound) binds CYP2C9 (Gene) and CYP2C9 (Gene) is bound by Tretinoin (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) resembles Carfilzomib (Compound) and Carfilzomib (Compound) binds PSMB8 (Gene) and PSMB8 (Gene) is upregulated by Tretinoin (Compound)