DDInter894 DDInter1628
Hydroxyurea is a non-alkylating antineoplastic agent that was first synthesized in 1869 but was not characterized biologically until 1928. It was first approved by the FDA in 1998 for the treatment of sickle cell anemia in adults. Although clinical evidence on the efficacy of hydroxyurea in certain conditions exists, hydroxyurea is used sparingly in clinical settings, largely due to lack of knowledge and adherence, the need for therapeutic monitoring, and serious side effects of secondary cancer and birth defects.
Ruxolitinib, formerly known as INCB018424 or INC424, is an anticancer drug and a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2, which are tyrosine kinases involved in cytokine signalling and hematopoiesis. Myeloproliferative neoplasms, such as myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera, are often characterized by aberrant activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, leading to abnormal blood cell counts and thrombotic complications. By inhibiting JAK1 and JAK2, ruxolitinib works to block the dysregulated cell signalling pathways and prevents abnormal blood cell proliferation. Due to a large number of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms who have JAK2 mutations, ruxolitinib was the first ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 ever developed. Ruxolitinib was first approved for the treatment of adult patients with myelofibrosis by the FDA in 2011, followed by EMA's approval in 2012. In 2014, it was approved for the treatment of polycythemia vera in adults who have an inadequate response to or are intolerant of [hydroxyurea] and in 2019, ruxolitinib was approved for use in steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease in adults and children. The topical formulation of ruxolitinib is used to treat atopic dermatitis and vitiligo. It is being investigated for other inflammatory skin conditions. Ruxolitinib has been investigated to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) accompanied by severe systemic hyperinflammation. In phase II clinical trials, ruxolitinib improved chest computed tomography and improved recovery in patients with lymphopenia.[A229713, A229718] However, phase III clinical trials later determined that ruxolitinib was inadequate in meeting its primary endpoint of reducing the number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients who experienced severe complications thus the drug was not approved as a treatment for COVID-19.
Hydroxyurea {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) hematologic cancer
hematologic cancer {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Hydroxyurea {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Anaemia
Anaemia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Hydroxyurea {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) hematologic cancer
hematologic cancer {u} (Disease) is associated with {v} (Gene) JAK1
JAK1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Hydroxyurea {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Acetohydroxamic acid
Acetohydroxamic acid {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Gastrointestinal disorder
Gastrointestinal disorder {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Hydroxyurea {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) head and neck cancer
head and neck cancer {u} (Disease) is associated with {v} (Gene) AKT1
AKT1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Hydroxyurea {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) hematologic cancer
hematologic cancer {u} (Disease) downregulates {v} (Gene) MAST1
MAST1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Hydroxyurea {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) psoriasis
psoriasis {u} (Disease) downregulates {v} (Gene) DYRK1A
DYRK1A {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) and {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Hydroxyurea {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) head and neck cancer
head and neck cancer {u} (Disease) is associated with {v} (Gene) PTGS2
PTGS2 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Hydroxyurea {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) RRM1
RRM1 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) DNTTIP2
DNTTIP2 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Hydroxyurea {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) hematologic cancer
hematologic cancer {u} (Disease) downregulates {v} (Gene) and {u} (Diease) associated with {v} (Gene) RET
RET {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Hydroxyurea (Compound) treats hematologic cancer (Disease) and hematologic cancer (Disease) is treated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Hydroxyurea (Compound) causes Anaemia (Side Effect) and Anaemia (Side Effect) is caused by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Hydroxyurea (Compound) treats hematologic cancer (Disease) and hematologic cancer (Disease) is associated with JAK1 (Gene) and JAK1 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Hydroxyurea (Compound) resembles Acetohydroxamic acid (Compound) and Acetohydroxamic acid (Compound) causes Gastrointestinal disorder (Side Effect) and Gastrointestinal disorder (Side Effect) is caused by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Hydroxyurea (Compound) treats head and neck cancer (Disease) and head and neck cancer (Disease) is associated with AKT1 (Gene) and AKT1 (Gene) is downregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Hydroxyurea (Compound) treats hematologic cancer (Disease) and hematologic cancer (Disease) downregulates MAST1 (Gene) and MAST1 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Hydroxyurea (Compound) treats psoriasis (Disease) and psoriasis (Disease) downregulates DYRK1A (Gene) and DYRK1A (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound) and DYRK1A (Gene) is upregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Hydroxyurea (Compound) treats head and neck cancer (Disease) and head and neck cancer (Disease) is associated with PTGS2 (Gene) and PTGS2 (Gene) is upregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Hydroxyurea (Compound) binds RRM1 (Gene) and RRM1 (Gene) is regulated by DNTTIP2 (Gene) and DNTTIP2 (Gene) is upregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Hydroxyurea (Compound) treats hematologic cancer (Disease) and hematologic cancer (Disease) downregulates RET (Gene) and hematologic cancer (Diease) associated with RET (Gene) and RET (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)