DDInter1008 DDInter734
Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent used in the prevention and treatment of a variety of fungal infections.[FDA Label] It functions by preventing the synthesis of ergosterol, the fungal equivalent of cholesterol, thereby increasing membrane fluidity and preventing growth of the fungus.[A181802,T116] Ketoconazole was first approved in an oral formulation for systemic use by the FDA in 1981. At this time it was considered a significant improvement over previous antifungals, [miconazole] and [clotrimazole], due to its broad spectrum and good absorption. However, it was discovered that ketoconazole produces frequent gastrointestinal side effects and dose-related hepatitis.[A188054,A188057] These effects combined with waning efficacy led to its eventual replacement by triazole agents, [fluconazole], [itraconazole], [voriconazole], and [posaconazole]. Ketoconazole and its predecessor [clotrimazole] continue
Fidaxomicin is a novel macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of diarrhea caused by _Clostridioides_ (formerly _Clostridium_) _difficile_ in adult and pediatric patients over the age of 6 months. Fidaxomicin is a naturally-occurring 18-member macrocycle derived from fermentation. Because fidaxomicin contains an 18-membered lactone ring in its structure, it is referred to as a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic drug. The antibacterial activity of fidaxomicin is distinct from macrolides and rifamycins, as the bactericidal activity is time-dependent, and not concentration-dependent. Fidaxomicin was the first macrocyclic lactone antibiotic with activity against _C. difficile_, and it displays a narrow spectrum of activity against gram-positive anaerobes. It mediates its potent bactericidal action on the bacteria by inhibiting the bacterial RNA synthase, thereby disrupting bacterial transcription. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC<sub>90</sub>) for fidaxomicin is four times less than that of [vancomycin], which was the primary drug of choice for _C. difficile_ infection before the approval of fidaxomicin. Unlike vancomycin, however, fidaxomicin has a negligible effect on normal colonic microflora. The FDA initially approved fidaxomicin in May 2011 for the treatment of _C. difficile_-associated diarrhea in adult patients over the age of 18. Later that year in December, the drug was also approved by the European Medicine Agency. In June 2012, fidaxomicin was also granted approval by Health Canada. The approved indication of fidaxomicin was expanded by the FDA in January 2020 to include pediatric patients over the age of 6 months in the treatment population.
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Flatulence
Flatulence {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Flatulence
Flatulence {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) ALDOC
ALDOC {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Flatulence
Flatulence {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Flatulence (Side Effect) and Flatulence (Side Effect) is caused by Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole (Compound) causes Flatulence (Side Effect) and Flatulence (Side Effect) is caused by Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) upregulates ALDOC (Gene) and ALDOC (Gene) is regulated by ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) causes Flatulence (Side Effect) and Flatulence (Side Effect) is caused by Fidaxomicin (Compound)