DDInter1008 DDInter1640
Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent used in the prevention and treatment of a variety of fungal infections.[FDA Label] It functions by preventing the synthesis of ergosterol, the fungal equivalent of cholesterol, thereby increasing membrane fluidity and preventing growth of the fungus.[A181802,T116] Ketoconazole was first approved in an oral formulation for systemic use by the FDA in 1981. At this time it was considered a significant improvement over previous antifungals, [miconazole] and [clotrimazole], due to its broad spectrum and good absorption. However, it was discovered that ketoconazole produces frequent gastrointestinal side effects and dose-related hepatitis.[A188054,A188057] These effects combined with waning efficacy led to its eventual replacement by triazole agents, [fluconazole], [itraconazole], [voriconazole], and [posaconazole]. Ketoconazole and its predecessor [clotrimazole] continue
Saquinavir is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor used in combination with [ritonavir] and other antiretrovirals for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. In 1995 it became the first protease inhibitor approved by the FDA, followed shortly by ritonavir in 1996, and remains in clinical use today due to a relatively benign adverse effect profile as compared to other antiretroviral therapies. While its efficacy was initially limited by exceptionally poor oral bioavailability (approximately 4%), its current indications require the co-administration of ritonavir - a potent enzyme inhibitor - that increases the bioavailability and subsequent serum concentrations of saquinavir, thus dramatically improving antiviral activity.[A214382,L3450,L14351]
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) SLCO1A2
SLCO1A2 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Saquinavir
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Dry eye
Dry eye {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Saquinavir
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) SLCO1A2
SLCO1A2 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Nelfinavir
Nelfinavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Saquinavir
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C19
CYP2C19 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Lopinavir
Lopinavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Saquinavir
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP11A1
CYP11A1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Saquinavir
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C8
CYP2C8 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Metronidazole
Metronidazole {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Saquinavir
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Dry eye
Dry eye {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Sibutramine
Sibutramine {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Saquinavir
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Somnolence
Somnolence {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Nelfinavir
Nelfinavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Saquinavir
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Menopausal symptoms
Menopausal symptoms {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Esomeprazole
Esomeprazole {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Saquinavir
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Saquinavir
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds SLCO1A2 (Gene) and SLCO1A2 (Gene) is bound by Saquinavir (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Dry eye (Side Effect) and Dry eye (Side Effect) is caused by Saquinavir (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds SLCO1A2 (Gene) and SLCO1A2 (Gene) is bound by Nelfinavir (Compound) and Nelfinavir (Compound) resembles Saquinavir (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP2C19 (Gene) and CYP2C19 (Gene) is bound by Lopinavir (Compound) and Lopinavir (Compound) resembles Saquinavir (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP11A1 (Gene) and CYP11A1 (Gene) is bound by Dexamethasone (Compound) and Dexamethasone may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Saquinavir
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP2C8 (Gene) and CYP2C8 (Gene) is bound by Metronidazole (Compound) and Metronidazole may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Saquinavir
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Dry eye (Side Effect) and Dry eye (Side Effect) is caused by Sibutramine (Compound) and Sibutramine may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Saquinavir
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Somnolence (Side Effect) and Somnolence (Side Effect) is caused by Nelfinavir (Compound) and Nelfinavir (Compound) resembles Saquinavir (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Menopausal symptoms (Side Effect) and Menopausal symptoms (Side Effect) is caused by Esomeprazole (Compound) and Esomeprazole may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Saquinavir
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Saquinavir (Compound)