DDInter150 DDInter860
Azathioprine is a prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine, first synthesized in 1956 by Gertrude Elion, William Lange, and George Hitchings in an attempt to produce a derivative of 6-mercaptopurine with a better therapeutic index.[A189678,A189687,A189690] Azathioprine is used to treat inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and as an immunosuppressant in the prevention of renal transplant rejection. Azathiprine was granted FDA approval on 20 March 1968.
Hepatitis B Vaccine is an ingredient in the EMA-withdrawn product Quintanrix. It is marketed in Canada as Engerix B. It is also a part of Twinrix (Hep A/Hep B vaccine) available also in Canada. The hepatitis B virus induces a severe form of viral hepatitis. Other causative agents are hepatitis A virus, and the non-A, non-B hepatitis viruses. Hepatitis D virus, a defective virus requiring the “keeper function” of the hepatitis B virus, occurs either as a co-infection or super-infection in a HBsAg carrier. Transmission of the virus occurs through percutaneous contact with contaminated blood, serum or plasma. Infection may also occur by the exposure of mucous surfaces, or intact or damaged skin to other body fluids such as saliva, mucosal secretions and semen. There is no specific treatment for hepatitis. The incubation period may be as long as 6 months, followed by a very complex clinical course of an acute or chronic nature, often leading to hospitalization. Viral hepatitis caused by hepatitis B virus is a major worldwide health problem, though the incidence and epidemiology vary widely among geographical areas and population subgroups. In Canada, the United States and Northern Europe, 4% to 6% of the population are infected during their lifetime (mostly young adults); between 5% and 10% of infections lead to persistent viremia (carrier state). Certain population subgroups in these areas, however, are at high risk (see Indications and Clinical Use). In Asia, infection often occurs early in life, leading to a hepatitis B marker prevalence of more than 70% in the general population and a carrier rate of up to 20%. It is estimated that the reservoir of persistent hepatitis B surface antigen carriers amounts to 350 million people worldwide. Carriers are at a high risk of developing chronic liver disease which may lead to cirrhosis or primary hepatocellular carcinoma. A significant reduction in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma has been observed in children aged 6 to14 years following a nationwide hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan. This resulted from a significant decline in the prevalence of hepatitis B antigen, the persistence of which is an essential factor in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Vaccination against hepatitis B is expected in the long term to reduce the overall incidence of both hepatitis B and the chronic complications such as chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis.
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) is included by {v} (Pharmacologic Class) Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors {u} (Pharmacologic Class) includes {v} (Compound) Trifluridine
Trifluridine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Adenine
Adenine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Tioguanine
Tioguanine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) systemic lupus erythematosus
systemic lupus erythematosus {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Hydrocortisone
Hydrocortisone {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) HPRT1
HPRT1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) HPRT1
HPRT1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ponatinib
Ponatinib {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) TPMT
TPMT {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Idarubicin
Idarubicin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) NUCB2
NUCB2 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Dasatinib
Dasatinib {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) NUCB2
NUCB2 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Omacetaxine mepesuccinate
Omacetaxine mepesuccinate {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) STUB1
STUB1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ifosfamide
Ifosfamide {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) PLK1
PLK1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Paclitaxel
Paclitaxel {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
Azathioprine (Compound) is included by Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors (Pharmacologic Class) and Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors (Pharmacologic Class) includes Trifluridine (Compound) and Trifluridine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
Azathioprine (Compound) resembles Adenine (Compound) and Adenine (Compound) resembles Tioguanine (Compound) and Tioguanine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
Azathioprine (Compound) treats systemic lupus erythematosus (Disease) and systemic lupus erythematosus (Disease) is treated by Hydrocortisone (Compound) and Hydrocortisone may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
Azathioprine (Compound) binds HPRT1 (Gene) and HPRT1 (Gene) is bound by Mercaptopurine (Compound) and Mercaptopurine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
Azathioprine (Compound) binds HPRT1 (Gene) and HPRT1 (Gene) is downregulated by Ponatinib (Compound) and Ponatinib may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
Azathioprine (Compound) binds TPMT (Gene) and TPMT (Gene) is upregulated by Idarubicin (Compound) and Idarubicin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
Azathioprine (Compound) upregulates NUCB2 (Gene) and NUCB2 (Gene) is upregulated by Dasatinib (Compound) and Dasatinib may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
Azathioprine (Compound) upregulates NUCB2 (Gene) and NUCB2 (Gene) is downregulated by Omacetaxine mepesuccinate (Compound) and Omacetaxine mepesuccinate may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
Azathioprine (Compound) downregulates STUB1 (Gene) and STUB1 (Gene) is downregulated by Ifosfamide (Compound) and Ifosfamide may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)
Azathioprine (Compound) downregulates PLK1 (Gene) and PLK1 (Gene) is upregulated by Paclitaxel (Compound) and Paclitaxel may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant)