DDInter1066 DDInter130
Ever since its discovery and availability for sale and use in the late 1940s, lidocaine has become an exceptionally commonly used medication. In particular, lidocaine's principal mode of action in acting as a local anesthetic that numbs the sensations of tissues means the agent is indicated for facilitating local anesthesia for a large variety of surgical procedures [F4349, L5930, L5948]. It ultimately elicits its numbing activity by blocking sodium channels so that the neurons of local tissues that have the medication applied on are transiently incapable of signaling the brain regarding sensations [F4349, L5930, L5948]. In doing so, however, it can block or decrease muscle contractile, resulting in effects like vasodilation, hypotension, and irregular heart rate, among others [F4349, L5930, L5948]. As a result, lidocaine is also considered a class Ib anti-arrhythmic agent [L
Atenolol is a cardioselective beta-blocker used in a variety of cardiovascular conditions. Sir James Black, a Scottish pharmacologist, pioneered the use of beta-blockers for the management of angina pectoris in 1958 for which he received the Nobel Prize. Beta-blockers quickly became popular in clinical use and where subsequently investigated for use in myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and hypertension during the 1960s. Later they continued to be investigated for use in heart failure throughout the 1970-1980s. Atenolol itself was developed early on in this history by Alvogen Malta under the trade name Tenormin and received FDA approval in September, 1981.[label] Despite being one of the most widely prescribed beta blockers, evidence suggests atenolol may not significantly reduce mortality, and only modestly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with hypertension.[A235850,A235855] A Cochrane review of patients being treated for primary hypertension shows that atenolol shows a risk ratio of 0.88 for cardiovascular disease risk and a risk ratio of 0.99 for mortality.[A235850,A235855] Similar results have been found in other meta-analyses.[A235860,A235865] A meta-analysis of over 145,000 patients showed the risk of stroke in patients taking atenolol may depend on the age of the patient. The use of atenolol may need to be based on more patient factors than hypertension alone.[A235850,A235855,A235860,A235865]
Lidocaine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Pindolol
Pindolol {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Atenolol
Lidocaine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Metoprolol
Metoprolol {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Atenolol
Lidocaine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Acebutolol
Acebutolol {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Atenolol
Lidocaine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Atenolol
Lidocaine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Visual disturbance
Visual disturbance {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Atenolol
Lidocaine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Pindolol
Pindolol {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Oxprenolol
Oxprenolol {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Atenolol
Lidocaine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Sotalol
Sotalol {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Practolol
Practolol {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Atenolol
Lidocaine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Metoprolol
Metoprolol {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Oxprenolol
Oxprenolol {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Atenolol
Lidocaine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Acebutolol
Acebutolol {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Oxprenolol
Oxprenolol {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Atenolol
Lidocaine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Atenolol
Lidocaine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Pindolol and Pindolol (Compound) resembles Atenolol (Compound)
Lidocaine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Metoprolol and Metoprolol (Compound) resembles Atenolol (Compound)
Lidocaine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Acebutolol and Acebutolol (Compound) resembles Atenolol (Compound)
Lidocaine (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Atenolol (Compound)
Lidocaine (Compound) causes Visual disturbance (Side Effect) and Visual disturbance (Side Effect) is caused by Atenolol (Compound)
Lidocaine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Pindolol and Pindolol (Compound) resembles Oxprenolol (Compound) and Oxprenolol (Compound) resembles Atenolol (Compound)
Lidocaine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Sotalol and Sotalol (Compound) resembles Practolol (Compound) and Practolol (Compound) resembles Atenolol (Compound)
Lidocaine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Metoprolol and Metoprolol (Compound) resembles Oxprenolol (Compound) and Oxprenolol (Compound) resembles Atenolol (Compound)
Lidocaine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Acebutolol and Acebutolol (Compound) resembles Oxprenolol (Compound) and Oxprenolol (Compound) resembles Atenolol (Compound)
Lidocaine (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Ibuprofen (Compound) and Ibuprofen (Compound) resembles Atenolol (Compound)