DDInter1042 DDInter1828
Leuprolide is a synthetic 9-residue peptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Unlike the endogenous decapeptide GnRH, leuprolide contains a single D-amino acid (D-leucyl) residue, which helps to increase its circulating half-life from three to four minutes to approximately three hours. As a GnRH mimic, leuprolide is capable of binding to the GnRH receptor (GnRHR) and inducing downstream modulation of both gonadotropin hormone and sex steroid levels. Prolonged activation of GnRHR results in significant downregulation of sex steroid levels, which is primarily responsible for the clinical efficacy of leuprolide in diverse conditions, including advanced prostate cancer, endometriosis, and central precocious puberty.[A203126, A203132] Leuprolide was first approved in 1985 as a daily subcutaneous injection under the tradename
Tolbutamide is an oral antihyperglycemic agent used for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It is structurally similar to acetohexamide, chlorpropamide and tolazamide and belongs to the sulfonylurea class of insulin secretagogues, which act by stimulating β cells of the pancreas to release insulin. Sulfonylureas increase both basal insulin secretion and meal-stimulated insulin release. Medications in this class differ in their dose, rate of absorption, duration of action, route of elimination and binding site on their target pancreatic β cell receptor. Sulfonylureas also increase peripheral glucose utilization, decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis and may increase the number and sensitivity of insulin receptors. Sulfonylureas are associated with weight gain, though less so than insulin. Due to their mechanism of action, sulfonylureas may cause hypoglycemia and require consistent food intake to decrease this risk. The risk of hypoglycemia is increased in elderly, debilitated and malnourished individuals. Tolbutamide appears to be metabolized in the liver. Tolbutamide and its metabolites are excreted in urine (75-85%) and feces.
Tolbutamide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Tolazamide
Tolbutamide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Glisoxepide
Tolbutamide {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Probenecid
Tolbutamide {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) type 2 diabetes mellitus
Tolbutamide {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) SLC15A1
Tolbutamide {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) RBKS
Tolbutamide {u} (Compound) is included by {v} (Pharmacologic Class) Sulfonylurea Compounds
Tolbutamide {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) SPRED2
Tolbutamide {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Erythema
Tolbutamide {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Methylcellulose
Tolbutamide (Compound) resembles Tolazamide (Compound)
Tolbutamide (Compound) resembles Glisoxepide (Compound)
Tolbutamide may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Probenecid
Tolbutamide (Compound) treats type 2 diabetes mellitus (Disease)
Tolbutamide (Compound) binds SLC15A1 (Gene)
Tolbutamide (Compound) upregulates RBKS (Gene)
Tolbutamide (Compound) is included by Sulfonylurea Compounds (Pharmacologic Class)
Tolbutamide (Compound) downregulates SPRED2 (Gene)
Tolbutamide (Compound) causes Erythema (Side Effect)
Tolbutamide may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Methylcellulose