DDInter554 DDInter596
Digoxin is one of the oldest cardiovascular medications used today. It is a common agent used to manage atrial fibrillation and the symptoms of heart failure. Digoxin is classified as a cardiac glycoside and was initially approved by the FDA in 1954. This drug originates from the foxglove plant, also known as the _Digitalis_ plant, studied by William Withering, an English physician and botanist in the 1780s.[A178237,A178240] Prior to this, a Welsh family, historically referred to as the _Physicians of Myddvai_, formulated drugs from this plant. They were one of the first to prescribe cardiac glycosides, according to ancient literature dating as early as the 1250s.
Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius along side with daunorubicin, another cytotoxic agent, in 1970.[A1575,A257709,A257614] Although they both have aglyconic and sugar moieties, doxorubicin's side chain terminates with a primary alcohol group compared to the methyl group of daunorubicin. Although its detailed molecular mechanisms have yet to be understood, doxorubicin is generally thought to exert its effect through DNA intercalation, which eventually leads to DNA damage and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Thanks to its efficacy and broad effect, doxorubicin was approved by the FDA in 1974 to treat a variety of cancer, including but not limited to breast, lung, gastric, ovarian, thyroid, non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, sarcoma, and pediatric cancers.[A1573,A257614,L45231] However, one of the major side effects of doxorubicin is cardiotoxicity, which excludes patients with poor heart function and requires treatment termination once the maximally tolerated cumulative dose is reached.
Digoxin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Digoxin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) CBR1
CBR1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Digoxin {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) IL1B
IL1B {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Digoxin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) TCEA2
TCEA2 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Digoxin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) XBP1
XBP1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Digoxin {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) JMJD6
JMJD6 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Digoxin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) and {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) ATP1B1
ATP1B1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Digoxin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Anxiety
Anxiety {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Digoxin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) CBR3
CBR3 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) and {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Digoxin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Digoxin (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) downregulates CBR1 (Gene) and CBR1 (Gene) is bound by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) upregulates IL1B (Gene) and IL1B (Gene) is upregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) downregulates TCEA2 (Gene) and TCEA2 (Gene) is upregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) downregulates XBP1 (Gene) and XBP1 (Gene) is downregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) upregulates JMJD6 (Gene) and JMJD6 (Gene) is downregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) binds ATP1B1 (Gene) and Digoxin (Compound) upregulates ATP1B1 (Gene) and ATP1B1 (Gene) is downregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) causes Anxiety (Side Effect) and Anxiety (Side Effect) is caused by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) downregulates CBR3 (Gene) and CBR3 (Gene) is bound by Doxorubicin (Compound) and CBR3 (Gene) is downregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Daunorubicin (Compound) and Daunorubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)