DDInter222 DDInter1607
Bortezomib is a dipeptide boronic acid derivative and proteasome inhibitor used to treat multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. The 26S proteasome is a protein complex that degrades ubiquitinated proteins in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway: reversible inhibition of the 26S proteasome, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells, is thought to be the main mechanism of action of bortezomib. However, multiple mechanisms may be involved in the anticancer activity of bortezomib. Bortezomib was first synthesized in 1995. In May 2003, bortezomib became the first anticancer proteasome inhibitor that was approved by the FDA under the trade name VELCADE. Phase I, II, III, and IV clinical trials are undergoing to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of bortezomib in leukemia, myasthenia gravis, systemic
Ritonavir is an HIV protease inhibitor that interferes with the reproductive cycle of HIV. Although it was initially developed as an independent antiviral agent, it has been shown to possess advantageous properties in combination regimens with low-dose ritonavir and other protease inhibitors. It is now more commonly used as a booster of other protease inhibitors and is available in both liquid formulations and as capsules. While ritonavir is not an active antiviral agent against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, it is added in combination therapies indicated for the treatment of HCV infections as a booster. Ritonavir is a potent CYP3A inhibitor that increases peak and trough plasma drug concentrations of other protease inhibitors such as and overall drug exposure. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines recommend ritonavir-boosted combination therapies as first-line therapy for HCV Genotype 1a/b and 4 treatment-naïve patients with or without cirrhosis. Ritonavir is found in a fixed-dose combination product with , , and as the FDA-approved product Viekira Pak. First approved in December 2014, Viekira Pak is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis, and when combined with Ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis. Ritonavir is also available as a fixed-dose combination product with and as the FDA- and Health Canada-approved product Technivie. First approved in July 2015, Technivie is indicated in combination with Ribavirin for the treatment of patients with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis. In Canada, ritonavir is also available as a fixed-dose combination product with , , and as the Health Canada-approved, commercially available product Holkira Pak. First approved in January 2015, Holkira Pak is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b with or without cirrhosis, and when combined with Ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a with or without cirrhosis. The inclusion of ritonavir can select for HIV-1 protease inhibitor resistance-associated substitutions. Any HCV/HIV-1 co-infected patients treated with ritonavir-containing combination therapies should also be on a suppressive antiretroviral drug regimen to reduce the risk of HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance. Ritonavir is combined with other drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients at risk for progressing into a severe form of the disease, such as [nirmatrelvir].
Bortezomib {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Bortezomib {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP1A2
CYP1A2 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Bortezomib {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Bortezomib {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Lopinavir
Lopinavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Bortezomib {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP1A2
CYP1A2 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Lopinavir
Lopinavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Bortezomib {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Bortezomib {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Palpitations
Palpitations {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Bortezomib {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Saquinavir
Saquinavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Bortezomib {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCC1
ABCC1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Bortezomib {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Carfilzomib
Carfilzomib {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Chills
Chills {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Bortezomib may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Atazanavir and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Bortezomib (Compound) binds CYP1A2 (Gene) and CYP1A2 (Gene) is bound by Ritonavir (Compound)
Bortezomib (Compound) causes Myocardial infarction (Side Effect) and Myocardial infarction (Side Effect) is caused by Ritonavir (Compound)
Bortezomib may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Atazanavir and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Lopinavir (Compound) and Lopinavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Bortezomib (Compound) binds CYP1A2 (Gene) and CYP1A2 (Gene) is bound by Lopinavir (Compound) and Lopinavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Bortezomib (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Atazanavir (Compound) and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Bortezomib (Compound) causes Palpitations (Side Effect) and Palpitations (Side Effect) is caused by Atazanavir (Compound) and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Bortezomib may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Saquinavir and Saquinavir (Compound) resembles Atazanavir (Compound) and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Bortezomib may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Atazanavir and Atazanavir (Compound) binds ABCC1 (Gene) and ABCC1 (Gene) is bound by Ritonavir (Compound)
Bortezomib may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Carfilzomib and Carfilzomib (Compound) causes Chills (Side Effect) and Chills (Side Effect) is caused by Ritonavir (Compound)