DDInter1055 DDInter1578
Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic and the optical S-(-) isomer of racemic [ofloxacin]. It reportedly carries 8 to 128-fold more activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria compared to R-(+)-ofloxacin and remains stereochemically stable following administration (i.e. it does not invert to the inactive isomer). Levofloxacin, along with other quinolones such as [gatifloxacin] and [moxifloxacin], is a member of the third generation of fluoroquinolones, colloquially referred to as the "respiratory quinolones" due to improved activity against gram-positive bacteria commonly implicated in respiratory infections.[A31453,A190756] Levofloxacin was first approved by the FDA in 1996, and was approved in Canada and several South American countries soon after.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is a respiratory disease that is capable of progressing to viral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); COVID-19 can be fatal. Like other RNA viruses, SARS-CoV-2 depends on an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme complex for genomic replication, which can be inhibited by a class of drugs known as nucleoside analogues. Remdesivir (GS-5734) is an adenosine triphosphate analogue first described in the literature in 2016 as a potential treatment for Ebola.[A191379, A222393] Broad antiviral activity of remdesivir is suggested by its mechanism of action, and to date, it has demonstrated _in vitro_ activity against the _Arenaviridae_, _Flaviviridae_, _Filoviridae_, _Paramyxoviridae_, _Pneumoviridae_, and _Coronaviridae_ viral families. Remdesivir activity against the _Coronaviridae_ family was first demonstrated in 2017, leading to considerable interest in remdesivir as a possible treatment for COVID-19.[A191427, A198810] Remdesivir was confirmed as a non-obligate chain terminator of RdRp from SARS-CoV-2 and the related SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and has been investigated in multiple COVID-19 clinical trials.[L12174, L12177] After initially being granted an FDA Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) on May 1st, 2020, remdesivir was fully approved by the FDA for the treatment of COVID-19 on October 22, 2020. Remdesivir is currently marketed under the trademark name VEKLURY by Gilead Sciences Inc. Remdesivir was also approved by the European Commission on July 3, 2020. Remdesivir in combination with [baricitinib] for the treatment of COVID-19, was granted an FDA Emergency Use Authorization on November 19, 2020.
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Pioglitazone
Pioglitazone {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Acute coronary syndrome
Acute coronary syndrome {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Pioglitazone
Pioglitazone {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Visual acuity reduced
Visual acuity reduced {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Lomefloxacin
Lomefloxacin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Pioglitazone
Pioglitazone {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Lomefloxacin
Lomefloxacin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Diclofenac
Diclofenac {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Moxifloxacin
Moxifloxacin {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Leflunomide
Leflunomide {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Lomefloxacin
Lomefloxacin {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Tioguanine
Tioguanine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Sparfloxacin
Sparfloxacin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Pioglitazone
Pioglitazone {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Sparfloxacin
Sparfloxacin {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Enzalutamide
Enzalutamide {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) MMP2
MMP2 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Simvastatin
Simvastatin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Levofloxacin (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Pioglitazone (Compound) and Pioglitazone may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir
Levofloxacin (Compound) causes Acute coronary syndrome (Side Effect) and Acute coronary syndrome (Side Effect) is caused by Pioglitazone (Compound) and Pioglitazone may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir
Levofloxacin (Compound) causes Visual acuity reduced (Side Effect) and Visual acuity reduced (Side Effect) is caused by Hydroxychloroquine (Compound) and Hydroxychloroquine may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Remdesivir
Levofloxacin (Compound) resembles Lomefloxacin (Compound) and Lomefloxacin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Pioglitazone and Pioglitazone may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir
Levofloxacin (Compound) resembles Lomefloxacin (Compound) and Lomefloxacin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Diclofenac and Diclofenac may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir
Levofloxacin (Compound) resembles Moxifloxacin (Compound) and Moxifloxacin may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Leflunomide and Leflunomide may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir
Levofloxacin (Compound) resembles Lomefloxacin (Compound) and Lomefloxacin may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Tioguanine and Tioguanine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir
Levofloxacin (Compound) resembles Sparfloxacin (Compound) and Sparfloxacin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Pioglitazone and Pioglitazone may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir
Levofloxacin (Compound) resembles Sparfloxacin (Compound) and Sparfloxacin may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Enzalutamide and Enzalutamide may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir
Levofloxacin (Compound) downregulates MMP2 (Gene) and MMP2 (Gene) is upregulated by Simvastatin (Compound) and Simvastatin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir