DDInter776 DDInter596
Formoterol is an inhaled beta<sub>2</sub>-agonist used in the management of COPD and asthma that was first approved for use in the United States in 2001. It acts on bronchial smooth muscle to dilate and relax airways, and is administered as a racemic mixture of its active (R;R)- and inactive (S;S)-enantiomers. A major clinical advantage of formoterol over other inhaled beta-agonists is its rapid onset of action (2-3 minutes), which is at least as fast as [salbutamol], combined with a long duration of action (12 hours) - for this reason, treatment guidelines for asthma recommend its use as both a reliever and maintenance medication. It is available as a single-entity product [L10986,L11223] and in several formulations in combination with both inhaled corticosteroids [L10995,L10619] and long-acting
Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius along side with daunorubicin, another cytotoxic agent, in 1970.[A1575,A257709,A257614] Although they both have aglyconic and sugar moieties, doxorubicin's side chain terminates with a primary alcohol group compared to the methyl group of daunorubicin. Although its detailed molecular mechanisms have yet to be understood, doxorubicin is generally thought to exert its effect through DNA intercalation, which eventually leads to DNA damage and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Thanks to its efficacy and broad effect, doxorubicin was approved by the FDA in 1974 to treat a variety of cancer, including but not limited to breast, lung, gastric, ovarian, thyroid, non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, sarcoma, and pediatric cancers.[A1573,A257614,L45231] However, one of the major side effects of doxorubicin is cardiotoxicity, which excludes patients with poor heart function and requires treatment termination once the maximally tolerated cumulative dose is reached.
Formoterol {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Formoterol {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Idarubicin
Idarubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Formoterol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Formoterol {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) HMOX1
HMOX1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Formoterol {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) ERBB2
ERBB2 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Formoterol {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Urine abnormality
Urine abnormality {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Formoterol {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Valrubicin
Valrubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Formoterol {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Idarubicin
Idarubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) and {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Formoterol {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Epirubicin
Epirubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) and {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Formoterol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Idarubicin
Idarubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Formoterol may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Daunorubicin and Daunorubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Formoterol may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Idarubicin and Idarubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Formoterol (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Formoterol (Compound) upregulates HMOX1 (Gene) and HMOX1 (Gene) is downregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Formoterol (Compound) downregulates ERBB2 (Gene) and ERBB2 (Gene) is downregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Formoterol (Compound) causes Urine abnormality (Side Effect) and Urine abnormality (Side Effect) is caused by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Formoterol may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Daunorubicin and Daunorubicin (Compound) resembles Valrubicin (Compound) and Valrubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Formoterol may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Idarubicin and Idarubicin (Compound) resembles Daunorubicin (Compound) and Idarubicin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Daunorubicin and Daunorubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Formoterol may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Epirubicin and Epirubicin (Compound) resembles Daunorubicin (Compound) and Epirubicin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Daunorubicin and Daunorubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Formoterol (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Idarubicin (Compound) and Idarubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)