DDInter1607 DDInter1828
Ritonavir is an HIV protease inhibitor that interferes with the reproductive cycle of HIV. Although it was initially developed as an independent antiviral agent, it has been shown to possess advantageous properties in combination regimens with low-dose ritonavir and other protease inhibitors. It is now more commonly used as a booster of other protease inhibitors and is available in both liquid formulations and as capsules. While ritonavir is not an active antiviral agent against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, it is added in combination therapies indicated for the treatment of HCV infections as a booster. Ritonavir is a potent CYP3A inhibitor that increases peak and trough plasma drug concentrations of other protease inhibitors such as and overall drug exposure. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines recommend ritonavir-boosted combination therapies as first-line therapy for HCV Genotype 1a/b and
Tolbutamide is an oral antihyperglycemic agent used for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It is structurally similar to acetohexamide, chlorpropamide and tolazamide and belongs to the sulfonylurea class of insulin secretagogues, which act by stimulating β cells of the pancreas to release insulin. Sulfonylureas increase both basal insulin secretion and meal-stimulated insulin release. Medications in this class differ in their dose, rate of absorption, duration of action, route of elimination and binding site on their target pancreatic β cell receptor. Sulfonylureas also increase peripheral glucose utilization, decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis and may increase the number and sensitivity of insulin receptors. Sulfonylureas are associated with weight gain, though less so than insulin. Due to their mechanism of action, sulfonylureas may cause hypoglycemia and require consistent food intake to decrease this risk. The risk of hypoglycemia is increased in elderly, debilitated and malnourished individuals. Tolbutamide appears to be metabolized in the liver. Tolbutamide and its metabolites are excreted in urine (75-85%) and feces.
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C19
CYP2C19 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Photosensitivity reaction
Photosensitivity reaction {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Tolbutamide
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C19
CYP2C19 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Probenecid
Probenecid {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Tolbutamide
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C9
CYP2C9 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Glipizide
Glipizide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Photosensitivity reaction
Photosensitivity reaction {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Tolazamide
Tolazamide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Carfilzomib
Carfilzomib {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Headache
Headache {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Glipizide
Glipizide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C8
CYP2C8 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Clopidogrel
Clopidogrel {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Tolbutamide
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Photosensitivity reaction
Photosensitivity reaction {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Glipizide
Glipizide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Ritonavir (Compound) binds CYP2C19 (Gene) and CYP2C19 (Gene) is bound by Tolbutamide (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) causes Photosensitivity reaction (Side Effect) and Photosensitivity reaction (Side Effect) is caused by Tolbutamide (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) resembles Atazanavir (Compound) and Atazanavir may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Tolbutamide
Ritonavir (Compound) binds CYP2C19 (Gene) and CYP2C19 (Gene) is bound by Probenecid (Compound) and Probenecid may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Tolbutamide
Ritonavir (Compound) binds CYP2C9 (Gene) and CYP2C9 (Gene) is bound by Glipizide (Compound) and Glipizide (Compound) resembles Tolbutamide (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) causes Photosensitivity reaction (Side Effect) and Photosensitivity reaction (Side Effect) is caused by Tolazamide (Compound) and Tolazamide (Compound) resembles Tolbutamide (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) resembles Carfilzomib (Compound) and Carfilzomib (Compound) causes Headache (Side Effect) and Headache (Side Effect) is caused by Tolbutamide (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) resembles Atazanavir (Compound) and Atazanavir may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Glipizide and Glipizide (Compound) resembles Tolbutamide (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) binds CYP2C8 (Gene) and CYP2C8 (Gene) is bound by Clopidogrel (Compound) and Clopidogrel may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Tolbutamide
Ritonavir (Compound) causes Photosensitivity reaction (Side Effect) and Photosensitivity reaction (Side Effect) is caused by Glipizide (Compound) and Glipizide (Compound) resembles Tolbutamide (Compound)