DDInter150 DDInter1252
Azathioprine is a prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine, first synthesized in 1956 by Gertrude Elion, William Lange, and George Hitchings in an attempt to produce a derivative of 6-mercaptopurine with a better therapeutic index.[A189678,A189687,A189690] Azathioprine is used to treat inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and as an immunosuppressant in the prevention of renal transplant rejection. Azathiprine was granted FDA approval on 20 March 1968.
Mycophenolic acid is a potent immunosuppressant agent that inhibits _de novo_ purine biosynthesis. It was derived from _Penicillium stoloniferum_, and has also shown antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties.. Mycophenolic acid is used in immunosuppressive regimens as part of a triple therapy that includes a calcineurin inhibitor (ciclosporin or tacrolimus) and prednisolone. This regimen can be used in place of the older anti-proliferative [azathioprine] due to its stronger immunosuppressive potency. However, mycophenolic acid treatment is more expensive and requires therapeutic drug monitoring to optimize efficacy and minimize toxicity.[A249180,A249185] Mycophenolic acid is available as enteric-coated tablets of delayed-release, in an effort to improve upper gastrointestinal adverse events by delaying mycophenolic acid release until it reaches the small intestine. [Mycophenolate mofetil], a prodrug of mycophenolic acid, is also prescribed to transplant recipients to prevent organ rejection.
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) systemic scleroderma
systemic scleroderma {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Mycophenolic acid
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) COL11A1
COL11A1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Mycophenolic acid
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) RRS1
RRS1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Mycophenolic acid
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) INTS3
INTS3 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Mycophenolic acid
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Intestinal perforation
Intestinal perforation {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Mycophenolic acid
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) systemic scleroderma
systemic scleroderma {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Mycophenolate mofetil
Mycophenolate mofetil {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Mycophenolic acid
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) COL11A1
COL11A1 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) FBXO21
FBXO21 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Mycophenolic acid
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) GTPBP8
GTPBP8 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Mycophenolate mofetil
Mycophenolate mofetil {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Mycophenolic acid
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) ADAT1
ADAT1 {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) GAA
GAA {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Mycophenolic acid
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) RRS1
RRS1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Mycophenolate mofetil
Mycophenolate mofetil {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Mycophenolic acid
Azathioprine (Compound) treats systemic scleroderma (Disease) and systemic scleroderma (Disease) is treated by Mycophenolic acid (Compound)
Azathioprine (Compound) upregulates COL11A1 (Gene) and COL11A1 (Gene) is upregulated by Mycophenolic acid (Compound)
Azathioprine (Compound) upregulates RRS1 (Gene) and RRS1 (Gene) is downregulated by Mycophenolic acid (Compound)
Azathioprine (Compound) downregulates INTS3 (Gene) and INTS3 (Gene) is downregulated by Mycophenolic acid (Compound)
Azathioprine (Compound) causes Intestinal perforation (Side Effect) and Intestinal perforation (Side Effect) is caused by Mycophenolic acid (Compound)
Azathioprine (Compound) treats systemic scleroderma (Disease) and systemic scleroderma (Disease) is treated by Mycophenolate mofetil (Compound) and Mycophenolate mofetil (Compound) resembles Mycophenolic acid (Compound)
Azathioprine (Compound) upregulates COL11A1 (Gene) and COL11A1 (Gene) is regulated by FBXO21 (Gene) and FBXO21 (Gene) is upregulated by Mycophenolic acid (Compound)
Azathioprine (Compound) upregulates GTPBP8 (Gene) and GTPBP8 (Gene) is upregulated by Mycophenolate mofetil (Compound) and Mycophenolate mofetil (Compound) resembles Mycophenolic acid (Compound)
Azathioprine (Compound) upregulates ADAT1 (Gene) and ADAT1 (Gene) regulates GAA (Gene) and GAA (Gene) is upregulated by Mycophenolic acid (Compound)
Azathioprine (Compound) upregulates RRS1 (Gene) and RRS1 (Gene) is downregulated by Mycophenolate mofetil (Compound) and Mycophenolate mofetil (Compound) resembles Mycophenolic acid (Compound)