DDInter416 DDInter841
This drug is a broad spectrum antimycotic or antifungal agent. Clotrimazole's antimycotic properties were discovered in the late 1960s. Clotrimazole falls under the _imidazole_ category of _azole_ antifungals, possessing broad-spectrum antimycotic activity. It is available in various preparations, including creams, pessaries, and troche formulations (slowly dissolving tablets). As well as its antifungal activity, clotrimazole has become a drug of interest in treating several other diseases such as sickle cell disease, malaria and some cancers. The minimal side effect profile of this drug and its uncomplicated metabolic profile have led it to gain widespread acceptance for the treatment of mycotic outbreaks such as vaginal yeast infections as well as athlete's foot.
Grazoprevir is a direct acting antiviral medication used as part of combination therapy to treat chronic Hepatitis C, an infectious liver disease caused by infection with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). HCV is a single-stranded RNA virus that is categorized into nine distinct genotypes, with genotype 1 being the most common in the United States, and affecting 72% of all chronic HCV patients . Treatment options for chronic Hepatitis C have advanced significantly since 2011, with the development of Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs) such as Grazoprevir. Grazoprevir is an inhibitor of NS3/4A, a serine protease enzyme, encoded by HCV genotypes 1 and 4 [synthesis]. These enzymes are essential for viral replication and serve to cleave the virally encoded polyprotein into mature proteins like NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A and NS5B [FDA Label]. The barrier for develoment of resistance to NS3/4A inhibitors is lower than that of NS5B inhibitors, another class of DAAs . Subtitutions at amino acid positions 155, 156, or 168 are known to confer resistance. The substitutions of the enzyme's catalytic triad consisting of H58, D82, and S139 are also likely to alter the affinity of the drug for NS3/4A or the activity of the enzyme itself. Despite this disadvantage Grazoprevir is still effective against HCV particularly when paired with . In a joint recommendation published in 2016, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommend Grazoprevir as first line therapy in combination with for genotypes 1a, 1b, and 4 of Hepatitis C . Grazoprevir and are used with or without with the intent to cure, or achieve a sustained virologic response (SVR), after 12 weeks of daily therapy. SVR and eradication of HCV infection is associated with significant long-term health benefits including reduced liver-related damage, improved quality of life, reduced incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, and reduced all-cause mortality . Grazoprevir is available as a fixed dose combination product with (tradename Zepatier) used for the treatment of chronic Hepatitis C. Approved in January 2016 by the FDA, Zepatier is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotypes 1 and 4 with or without depending on the the presence of resistance associated amino acid substitutions in the NS5A protein and previous treatment failure with , , , or other NS3/4A inhibitors like , , or [FDA Label]. When combined together, Grazoprevir and as the combination product Zepatier have been shown to achieve a SVR between 94% and 97% for genotype 1 and 97% and 100% for genotype 4 after 12 weeks of treatment . It can be used in patients with compensated cirrhosis, human immunodeficiency virus co-infection, or severe kidney disease.
Clotrimazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP1A2
CYP1A2 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Aprepitant
Aprepitant {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Grazoprevir
Clotrimazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Abdominal pain
Abdominal pain {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Aprepitant
Aprepitant {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Grazoprevir
Clotrimazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A7
CYP3A7 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Clarithromycin
Clarithromycin {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Grazoprevir
Clotrimazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Abdominal distension
Abdominal distension {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Clarithromycin
Clarithromycin {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Grazoprevir
Clotrimazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Methadone
Methadone {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Aprepitant
Aprepitant {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Grazoprevir
Clotrimazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Sulfinpyrazone
Sulfinpyrazone {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Aprepitant
Aprepitant {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Grazoprevir
Clotrimazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Methadone
Methadone {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Vemurafenib
Vemurafenib {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Grazoprevir
Clotrimazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Darifenacin
Darifenacin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Aprepitant
Aprepitant {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Grazoprevir
Clotrimazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Methadone
Methadone {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Troglitazone
Troglitazone {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Grazoprevir
Clotrimazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Loperamide
Loperamide {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Cimetidine
Cimetidine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Grazoprevir
Clotrimazole (Compound) binds CYP1A2 (Gene) and CYP1A2 (Gene) is bound by Aprepitant (Compound) and Aprepitant may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Grazoprevir
Clotrimazole (Compound) causes Abdominal pain (Side Effect) and Abdominal pain (Side Effect) is caused by Aprepitant (Compound) and Aprepitant may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Grazoprevir
Clotrimazole (Compound) binds CYP3A7 (Gene) and CYP3A7 (Gene) is bound by Clarithromycin (Compound) and Clarithromycin may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Grazoprevir
Clotrimazole (Compound) causes Abdominal distension (Side Effect) and Abdominal distension (Side Effect) is caused by Clarithromycin (Compound) and Clarithromycin may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Grazoprevir
Clotrimazole (Compound) resembles Methadone (Compound) and Methadone may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Aprepitant and Aprepitant may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Grazoprevir
Clotrimazole (Compound) resembles Sulfinpyrazone (Compound) and Sulfinpyrazone may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Aprepitant and Aprepitant may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Grazoprevir
Clotrimazole (Compound) resembles Methadone (Compound) and Methadone may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Vemurafenib and Vemurafenib may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Grazoprevir
Clotrimazole (Compound) resembles Darifenacin (Compound) and Darifenacin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Aprepitant and Aprepitant may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Grazoprevir
Clotrimazole (Compound) resembles Methadone (Compound) and Methadone may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Troglitazone and Troglitazone may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Grazoprevir
Clotrimazole (Compound) resembles Loperamide (Compound) and Loperamide may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Cimetidine and Cimetidine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Grazoprevir