DDInter781 DDInter252
Fosinopril is a phosphinic acid-containing ester prodrug that belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class of medications. It is rapidly hydrolyzed to fosinoprilat, its principle active metabolite. Fosinoprilat inhibits ACE, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). ATII regulates blood pressure and is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Fosinopril may be used to treat mild to moderate hypertension, as an adjunct in the treatment of congestive heart failure, and to slow the rate of progression of renal disease in hypertensive individuals with diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria or overt nephropathy.
Bupropion (also known as the brand name product Wellbutrin®) is a norepinephrine/dopamine-reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) used most commonly for the management of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), and as an aid for smoking cessation. Bupropion exerts its pharmacological effects by weakly inhibiting the enzymes involved in the uptake of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine from the synaptic cleft, therefore prolonging their duration of action within the neuronal synapse and the downstream effects of these neurotransmitters. More specifically, bupropion binds to the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and the dopamine transporter (DAT).[A6399,A178810] Bupropion was originally classified as an "atypical" antidepressant because it does not exert the same effects as the classical antidepressants such as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs), Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs), or Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). While it has comparable effectiveness to typical first-line options for the treatment of depression such as SSRIs,[A178798,A178804] bupropion is a unique option for the treatment of MDD as it lacks any clinically relevant serotonergic effects, typical of other mood medications, or any effects on histamine or adrenaline receptors.[A6399,A178840] Lack of activity at these receptors results in a more tolerable side effect profile; bupropion is less likely to cause sexual side effects, sedation, or weight gain as compared to SSRIs or TCAs, for example.[A178804,A178807] When used as an aid to smoking cessation, bupropion is thought to confer its anti-craving and anti-withdrawal effects by inhibiting dopamine reuptake, which is thought to be involved in the reward pathways associated with nicotine, and through the antagonism of the nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor.[A178825,A1966,A16508] A Cochrane Review of meta-analyses of available treatment modalities for smoking cessation found that abstinence rates approximately doubled when bupropion was used as compared to placebo, and was found to have similar rates of smoking cessation as [nicotine] replacement therapy (NRT). Bupropion is sometimes used as an add-on agent to first-line treatments of depression such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medications when there is a treatment-failure or only partial response. Bupropion is also used off-label for the management of Attention/Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults with comorbid bipolar depression to avoid mood destabilization caused by typical stimulant medications used for the treatment of ADHD. When used in combination with [naltrexone] in the marketed product ContraveⓇ for chronic weight management, the two components are thought to have effects on areas of the brain involved in the regulation of food intake. This includes the hypothalamus, which is involved in appetite regulation, and the mesolimbic dopamine circuit, which is involved in reward pathways. Studies have shown that the combined activity of bupropion and [naltrexone] increase the firing rate of hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons and blockade of opioid receptor-mediated POMC auto-inhibition, which are associated with a reduction in food intake and increased energy expenditure.[L6562,A179038,A179050] The combination of naltrexone and bupropion was shown to result in a statistically significant weight loss, with a mean change in body weight of -6.3% compared to -1.3% for placebo.
Fosinopril {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Abdominal pain upper
Abdominal pain upper {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Bupropion
Fosinopril {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Trandolapril
Trandolapril {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Bupropion
Fosinopril {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Abdominal pain upper
Abdominal pain upper {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Valproic acid
Valproic acid {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Bupropion
Fosinopril {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Dyspepsia
Dyspepsia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Tolterodine
Tolterodine {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Bupropion
Fosinopril {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Breath odour
Breath odour {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Propafenone
Propafenone {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Bupropion
Fosinopril {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Dyspnoea
Dyspnoea {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Prasugrel
Prasugrel {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Bupropion
Fosinopril {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Trandolapril
Trandolapril {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Dyspepsia
Dyspepsia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Bupropion
Fosinopril {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Enalapril
Enalapril {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Bupropion
Fosinopril {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Spirapril
Spirapril {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Lisinopril
Lisinopril {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Bupropion
Fosinopril {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Respiration abnormal
Respiration abnormal {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Escitalopram
Escitalopram {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Bupropion
Fosinopril (Compound) causes Abdominal pain upper (Side Effect) and Abdominal pain upper (Side Effect) is caused by Bupropion (Compound)
Fosinopril (Compound) resembles Trandolapril (Compound) and Trandolapril may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Bupropion
Fosinopril (Compound) causes Abdominal pain upper (Side Effect) and Abdominal pain upper (Side Effect) is caused by Valproic acid (Compound) and Valproic acid may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Bupropion
Fosinopril (Compound) causes Dyspepsia (Side Effect) and Dyspepsia (Side Effect) is caused by Tolterodine (Compound) and Tolterodine may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Bupropion
Fosinopril (Compound) causes Breath odour (Side Effect) and Breath odour (Side Effect) is caused by Propafenone (Compound) and Propafenone may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Bupropion
Fosinopril (Compound) causes Dyspnoea (Side Effect) and Dyspnoea (Side Effect) is caused by Prasugrel (Compound) and Prasugrel may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Bupropion
Fosinopril (Compound) resembles Trandolapril (Compound) and Trandolapril (Compound) causes Dyspepsia (Side Effect) and Dyspepsia (Side Effect) is caused by Bupropion (Compound)
Fosinopril (Compound) resembles Enalapril (Compound) and Enalapril (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Bupropion (Compound)
Fosinopril (Compound) resembles Spirapril (Compound) and Spirapril (Compound) resembles Lisinopril (Compound) and Lisinopril may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Bupropion
Fosinopril (Compound) causes Respiration abnormal (Side Effect) and Respiration abnormal (Side Effect) is caused by Escitalopram (Compound) and Escitalopram may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Bupropion