DDInter1008 DDInter602
Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent used in the prevention and treatment of a variety of fungal infections.[FDA Label] It functions by preventing the synthesis of ergosterol, the fungal equivalent of cholesterol, thereby increasing membrane fluidity and preventing growth of the fungus.[A181802,T116] Ketoconazole was first approved in an oral formulation for systemic use by the FDA in 1981. At this time it was considered a significant improvement over previous antifungals, [miconazole] and [clotrimazole], due to its broad spectrum and good absorption. However, it was discovered that ketoconazole produces frequent gastrointestinal side effects and dose-related hepatitis.[A188054,A188057] These effects combined with waning efficacy led to its eventual replacement by triazole agents, [fluconazole], [itraconazole], [voriconazole], and [posaconazole]. Ketoconazole and its predecessor [clotrimazole] continue
Dronedarone is a Class III antiarrhythmic drug that works to restore the normal sinus rhythm in patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation is a common sustained arrhythmia where the treatment primarily focuses on stroke prevention and symptom management. It is managed by rate control, rhythm control, prevention of thromboembolic events, and treatment of the underlying disease. Similar to [amiodarone], dronedarone is a multichannel blocker that works to control rhythm and rate in atrial fibrillation. It meets criteria of all four Vaughan Williams antiarrhythmic drug classes by blocking sodium, potassium, and calcium ion channels and inhibiting β-adrenergic receptors.[A34604,L8699] Dronedarone is a related benzofuran compound to amiodarone but its chemical structure lacks iodine moieties which are associated with amiodarone-induced thyroid problems.[A34604,T28] Additionally, the methyl sulfonyl group in its structure renders dronedarone to be more lipophilic with a shorter half-life than amiodarone. This ultimately leads to reduced tissue accumulation of the drug and decreased risk for organ toxicities, such as thyroid and pulmonary toxicities. Commonly marketed as Multaq®, dronedarone was approved by the FDA in July 2009 and Health Canada in August 2009. A safety concern for the risk of drug-induced hepatocellular injury has been issued following marketing of dronedarone.
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Dronedarone
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Skin disorder
Skin disorder {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Dronedarone
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Dofetilide
Dofetilide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Dronedarone
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Skin disorder
Skin disorder {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Amiodarone
Amiodarone {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Dronedarone
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Nervous system disorder
Nervous system disorder {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Metronidazole
Metronidazole {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Dronedarone
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Dronedarone
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Lidocaine
Lidocaine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Dronedarone
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Nervous system disorder
Nervous system disorder {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Bisacodyl
Bisacodyl {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Dronedarone
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Unspecified disorder of skin and subcutaneous tissue
Unspecified disorder of skin and subcutaneous tissue {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Repaglinide
Repaglinide {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Dronedarone
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Econazole
Econazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Miconazole
Miconazole {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Dronedarone
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Dronedarone (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Skin disorder (Side Effect) and Skin disorder (Side Effect) is caused by Dronedarone (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Dofetilide (Compound) and Dofetilide (Compound) resembles Dronedarone (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Skin disorder (Side Effect) and Skin disorder (Side Effect) is caused by Amiodarone (Compound) and Amiodarone (Compound) resembles Dronedarone (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Nervous system disorder (Side Effect) and Nervous system disorder (Side Effect) is caused by Metronidazole (Compound) and Metronidazole may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Dronedarone
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Dronedarone (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Lidocaine (Compound) and Lidocaine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Dronedarone
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Nervous system disorder (Side Effect) and Nervous system disorder (Side Effect) is caused by Bisacodyl (Compound) and Bisacodyl may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Dronedarone
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Unspecified disorder of skin and subcutaneous tissue (Side Effect) and Unspecified disorder of skin and subcutaneous tissue (Side Effect) is caused by Repaglinide (Compound) and Repaglinide may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Dronedarone
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Econazole (Compound) and Econazole (Compound) resembles Miconazole (Compound) and Miconazole may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Dronedarone