DDInter1822 DDInter1678
Aminoglycosides, many of which are derived directly from _Streptomyces_ spp., are concentration-dependent bactericidal antibiotics with a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Inhaled tobramycin is notable for its use in treating chronic _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_ infections in cystic fibrosis patients, as _P. aeruginosa_ is notoriously inherently resistant to many antibiotics.[A232294, A232299, L32739] However, tobramycin can also be administered intravenously and topically to treat a variety of infections caused by susceptible bacteria.[L32744, L32749] Its use is limited in some cases by characteristic toxicities such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, yet it remains a valuable option in the face of growing resistance to front-line antibiotics such as β-lactams and cephalosporins.[A232294, A232349, L
Sirolimus, also known as rapamycin, is a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic produced by bacteria _Streptomyces hygroscopicus_, which was isolated from the soil of the Vai Atari region of Rapa Nui (Easter Island). It was first isolated and identified as an antifungal agent with potent anticandida activity; however, after its potent antitumor and immunosuppressive activities were later discovered, it was extensively investigated as an immunosuppressive and antitumour agent. Its primary mechanism of action is the inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that regulates cell growth, proliferation, and survival. mTOR is an important therapeutic target for various diseases, as it was shown to regulate longevity and maintain normal glucose homeostasis. Targeting mTOR received more attention especially in cancer, as mTOR signalling pathways are constitutively activated in many types of human cancer. Sirolimus was first approved by the FDA in 1999 for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in patients aged 13 years and older receiving renal transplants. In November 2000, the drug was recognized by the European Agency as an alternative to calcineurin antagonists for maintenance therapy with corticosteroids. In May 2015, the FDA approved sirolimus for the treatment of patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis. In November 2021, albumin-bound sirolimus for intravenous injection was approved by the FDA for the treatment of adults with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumour (PEComa). Sirolimus was also investigated in other cancers such as skin cancer, Kaposi’s Sarcoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, and tuberous sclerosis. The topical formulation of sirolimus, marketed as HYFTOR, was approved by the FDA in April 2022: this marks the first topical treatment approved in the US for facial angiofibroma associated with tuberous sclerosis complex.
Tobramycin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Aspartate aminotransferase increased
Aspartate aminotransferase increased {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Sirolimus
Tobramycin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Kanamycin
Kanamycin {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Sirolimus
Tobramycin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Gentamicin
Gentamicin {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Sirolimus
Tobramycin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Aspartate aminotransferase increased
Aspartate aminotransferase increased {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Temsirolimus
Temsirolimus {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Sirolimus
Tobramycin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Local reaction
Local reaction {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Etonogestrel
Etonogestrel {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Sirolimus
Tobramycin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Kanamycin
Kanamycin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) PSMG1
PSMG1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Sirolimus
Tobramycin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Neomycin
Neomycin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Impaired healing
Impaired healing {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Sirolimus
Tobramycin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Paromomycin
Paromomycin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Kanamycin
Kanamycin {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Sirolimus
Tobramycin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Gentamicin
Gentamicin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) UBQLN2
UBQLN2 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Sirolimus
Tobramycin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Oliguria
Oliguria {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Estazolam
Estazolam {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Sirolimus
Tobramycin (Compound) causes Aspartate aminotransferase increased (Side Effect) and Aspartate aminotransferase increased (Side Effect) is caused by Sirolimus (Compound)
Tobramycin (Compound) resembles Kanamycin (Compound) and Kanamycin may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Sirolimus
Tobramycin (Compound) resembles Gentamicin (Compound) and Gentamicin may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Sirolimus
Tobramycin (Compound) causes Aspartate aminotransferase increased (Side Effect) and Aspartate aminotransferase increased (Side Effect) is caused by Temsirolimus (Compound) and Temsirolimus (Compound) resembles Sirolimus (Compound)
Tobramycin (Compound) causes Local reaction (Side Effect) and Local reaction (Side Effect) is caused by Etonogestrel (Compound) and Etonogestrel may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Sirolimus
Tobramycin (Compound) resembles Kanamycin (Compound) and Kanamycin (Compound) downregulates PSMG1 (Gene) and PSMG1 (Gene) is downregulated by Sirolimus (Compound)
Tobramycin (Compound) resembles Neomycin (Compound) and Neomycin (Compound) causes Impaired healing (Side Effect) and Impaired healing (Side Effect) is caused by Sirolimus (Compound)
Tobramycin (Compound) resembles Paromomycin (Compound) and Paromomycin (Compound) resembles Kanamycin (Compound) and Kanamycin may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Sirolimus
Tobramycin (Compound) resembles Gentamicin (Compound) and Gentamicin (Compound) downregulates UBQLN2 (Gene) and UBQLN2 (Gene) is upregulated by Sirolimus (Compound)
Tobramycin (Compound) causes Oliguria (Side Effect) and Oliguria (Side Effect) is caused by Estazolam (Compound) and Estazolam may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Sirolimus