DDInter1055 DDInter819
Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic and the optical S-(-) isomer of racemic [ofloxacin]. It reportedly carries 8 to 128-fold more activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria compared to R-(+)-ofloxacin and remains stereochemically stable following administration (i.e. it does not invert to the inactive isomer). Levofloxacin, along with other quinolones such as [gatifloxacin] and [moxifloxacin], is a member of the third generation of fluoroquinolones, colloquially referred to as the "respiratory quinolones" due to improved activity against gram-positive bacteria commonly implicated in respiratory infections.[A31453,A190756] Levofloxacin was first approved by the FDA in 1996, and was approved in Canada and several South American countries soon after.
_Ginkgo biloba_ extract contains a group of terpene lactones (notably, ginkgolides and diterpenes) and ginkgo flavone glycosides (notably, ginkgetin, bilobetin, and sciadopitysin) that have antioxidant and vasoactive properties. Most of the studies that investigate the effect of _ginkgo biloba_ use the standardized extract of _Ginkgo biloba_ (EGb) 761 (EGb761), which was developed by a German pharmaceutical company in 1964. EGb761 contains 6% terpene lactones and 24% flavonoid glycosides. Flavonoids include quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin. Lactones include ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C, bilobalide, and ginkgotoxin, a lactone that is structurally related to [pyridoxine]. _Ginkgo biloba_ is an herbal plant that is now cultivated worldwide. It is originally native to China, and _ginkgo biloba_ extract has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. After its nootropic properties were discovered, _ginkgo biloba_ has gained attention as a therapeutic ingredient for memory and concentration enhancement in cognitive impairment and neurogenerative diseases, such as dementia. _Ginkgo biloba_ was investigated in preliminary studies for a variety of therapeutic purposes such as improving cardiovascular health, sexual dysfunction, psychiatric disorders, skin disorders, and glaucoma. _Ginkgo biloba_ is found in a number of homeopathic and over-the-counter herbal products and dietary supplements, but it has no approved therapeutic indications by regulatory bodies, such as the FDA, EMA, and Health Canada. _Ginkgo folium_, the leaf extract of _Ginkgo biloba_, is considered an anti-dementia drug by the World Health Organization.
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Clopidogrel
Clopidogrel {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Ginkgo biloba
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) SUPV3L1
SUPV3L1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Clopidogrel
Clopidogrel {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Ginkgo biloba
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Enzalutamide
Enzalutamide {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Ginkgo biloba
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) SUPV3L1
SUPV3L1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Rivaroxaban
Rivaroxaban {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Ginkgo biloba
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Deafness
Deafness {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Clopidogrel
Clopidogrel {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Ginkgo biloba
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Ecchymosis
Ecchymosis {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Rivaroxaban
Rivaroxaban {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Ginkgo biloba
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Sparfloxacin
Sparfloxacin {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Warfarin
Warfarin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Ginkgo biloba
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ofloxacin
Ofloxacin {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Warfarin
Warfarin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Ginkgo biloba
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ofloxacin
Ofloxacin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Mefloquine
Mefloquine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Ginkgo biloba
Levofloxacin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Sparfloxacin
Sparfloxacin {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Enzalutamide
Enzalutamide {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Ginkgo biloba
Levofloxacin (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Clopidogrel (Compound) and Clopidogrel may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Ginkgo biloba
Levofloxacin (Compound) downregulates SUPV3L1 (Gene) and SUPV3L1 (Gene) is upregulated by Clopidogrel (Compound) and Clopidogrel may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Ginkgo biloba
Levofloxacin (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Enzalutamide (Compound) and Enzalutamide may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Ginkgo biloba
Levofloxacin (Compound) downregulates SUPV3L1 (Gene) and SUPV3L1 (Gene) is downregulated by Rivaroxaban (Compound) and Rivaroxaban may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Ginkgo biloba
Levofloxacin (Compound) causes Deafness (Side Effect) and Deafness (Side Effect) is caused by Clopidogrel (Compound) and Clopidogrel may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Ginkgo biloba
Levofloxacin (Compound) causes Ecchymosis (Side Effect) and Ecchymosis (Side Effect) is caused by Rivaroxaban (Compound) and Rivaroxaban may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Ginkgo biloba
Levofloxacin (Compound) resembles Sparfloxacin (Compound) and Sparfloxacin may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Warfarin and Warfarin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Ginkgo biloba
Levofloxacin (Compound) resembles Ofloxacin (Compound) and Ofloxacin may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Warfarin and Warfarin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Ginkgo biloba
Levofloxacin (Compound) resembles Ofloxacin (Compound) and Ofloxacin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Mefloquine and Mefloquine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Ginkgo biloba
Levofloxacin (Compound) resembles Sparfloxacin (Compound) and Sparfloxacin may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Enzalutamide and Enzalutamide may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Ginkgo biloba