DDInter458 DDInter825
Cyclosporine is a calcineurin inhibitor known for its immunomodulatory properties that prevent organ transplant rejection and treat various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. It is isolated from the fungus _Beauveria nivea_. Initially manufactured by Sandoz and approved for use by the FDA in 1983, cyclosporine is now available in various products by Novartis (previously known as Sandoz).[L11097,L3734,L11118]
First introduced in 1995, glimepiride is a member of the second-generation sulfonylurea (SU) drug class used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to improve glycemic control. Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder with increasing prevalences worldwide; it is characterized by insulin resistance in accordance with progressive β cell failure and long-term microvascular and macrovascular complications that lead to co-morbidities and mortalities. Sulfonylureas are one of the insulin secretagogues widely used for the management of type 2 diabetes to lower blood glucose levels. The main effect of SUs is thought to be effective when residual pancreatic β-cells are present, as they work by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreatic beta cells and they are also thought to exert extra-pancreatic effects, such as increasing the insulin-mediated peripheral glucose uptake. Glimepiride works by stimulating the secretion of insulin granules from pancreatic islet beta cells by blocking ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K<SUB>ATP</SUB> channels) and causing depolarization of the beta cells. Compared to [glipizide], another second SU drug, glimepiride has a longer duration of action. It is sometimes classified as a third-generation SU because it has larger substitutions than other second-generation SUs. Compared to other SUs, glimepiride was associated with a lower risk of developing hypoglycemia and weight gain in clinical trials as well as fewer cardiovascular effects than other SUs due to minimal effects on ischemic preconditioning of cardiac myocytes. It is effective in reducing fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels and is considered to be a useful, cost-effective treatment option for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glimepiride was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States in 1995 for the treatment of T2DM. It is commonly marketed under the brand name Amaryl as oral tablets and is typically administered once daily.
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C9
CYP2C9 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Glimepiride
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hypertension
Hypertension {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Glimepiride
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C9
CYP2C9 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Gliclazide
Gliclazide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Glimepiride
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hypertension
Hypertension {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Gliclazide
Gliclazide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Glimepiride
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hyperbilirubinaemia
Hyperbilirubinaemia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Glyburide
Glyburide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Glimepiride
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Menopausal symptoms
Menopausal symptoms {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Esomeprazole
Esomeprazole {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Glimepiride
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Niacin
Niacin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Glimepiride
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) STUB1
STUB1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Gliclazide
Gliclazide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Glimepiride
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Paresis
Paresis {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Bortezomib
Bortezomib {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Glimepiride
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) STUB1
STUB1 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) KCNJ11
KCNJ11 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Glimepiride
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds CYP2C9 (Gene) and CYP2C9 (Gene) is bound by Glimepiride (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Hypertension (Side Effect) and Hypertension (Side Effect) is caused by Glimepiride (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds CYP2C9 (Gene) and CYP2C9 (Gene) is bound by Gliclazide (Compound) and Gliclazide (Compound) resembles Glimepiride (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Hypertension (Side Effect) and Hypertension (Side Effect) is caused by Gliclazide (Compound) and Gliclazide (Compound) resembles Glimepiride (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Hyperbilirubinaemia (Side Effect) and Hyperbilirubinaemia (Side Effect) is caused by Glyburide (Compound) and Glyburide (Compound) resembles Glimepiride (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Menopausal symptoms (Side Effect) and Menopausal symptoms (Side Effect) is caused by Esomeprazole (Compound) and Esomeprazole may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Glimepiride
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Diabetes mellitus (Side Effect) and Diabetes mellitus (Side Effect) is caused by Niacin (Compound) and Niacin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Glimepiride
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates STUB1 (Gene) and STUB1 (Gene) is downregulated by Gliclazide (Compound) and Gliclazide (Compound) resembles Glimepiride (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Paresis (Side Effect) and Paresis (Side Effect) is caused by Bortezomib (Compound) and Bortezomib may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Glimepiride
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates STUB1 (Gene) and STUB1 (Gene) is regulated by KCNJ11 (Gene) and KCNJ11 (Gene) is bound by Glimepiride (Compound)