DDInter1008 DDInter1578
Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent used in the prevention and treatment of a variety of fungal infections.[FDA Label] It functions by preventing the synthesis of ergosterol, the fungal equivalent of cholesterol, thereby increasing membrane fluidity and preventing growth of the fungus.[A181802,T116] Ketoconazole was first approved in an oral formulation for systemic use by the FDA in 1981. At this time it was considered a significant improvement over previous antifungals, [miconazole] and [clotrimazole], due to its broad spectrum and good absorption. However, it was discovered that ketoconazole produces frequent gastrointestinal side effects and dose-related hepatitis.[A188054,A188057] These effects combined with waning efficacy led to its eventual replacement by triazole agents, [fluconazole], [itraconazole], [voriconazole], and [posaconazole]. Ketoconazole and its predecessor [clotrimazole] continue
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is a respiratory disease that is capable of progressing to viral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); COVID-19 can be fatal. Like other RNA viruses, SARS-CoV-2 depends on an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme complex for genomic replication, which can be inhibited by a class of drugs known as nucleoside analogues. Remdesivir (GS-5734) is an adenosine triphosphate analogue first described in the literature in 2016 as a potential treatment for Ebola.[A191379, A222393] Broad antiviral activity of remdesivir is suggested by its mechanism of action, and to date, it has demonstrated _in vitro_ activity against the _Arenaviridae_, _Flaviviridae_, _Filoviridae_, _Paramyxoviridae_, _Pneumoviridae_, and _Coronaviridae_ viral families. Remdesivir activity against the _Coronaviridae_ family was first demonstrated in 2017, leading to considerable interest in remdesivir as a possible treatment for COVID-19.[A191427, A198810] Remdesivir was confirmed as a non-obligate chain terminator of RdRp from SARS-CoV-2 and the related SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and has been investigated in multiple COVID-19 clinical trials.[L12174, L12177] After initially being granted an FDA Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) on May 1st, 2020, remdesivir was fully approved by the FDA for the treatment of COVID-19 on October 22, 2020. Remdesivir is currently marketed under the trademark name VEKLURY by Gilead Sciences Inc. Remdesivir was also approved by the European Commission on July 3, 2020. Remdesivir in combination with [baricitinib] for the treatment of COVID-19, was granted an FDA Emergency Use Authorization on November 19, 2020.
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Pioglitazone
Pioglitazone {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Anaphylactic shock
Anaphylactic shock {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Pioglitazone
Pioglitazone {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Abdominal pain upper
Abdominal pain upper {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) DDIT4
DDIT4 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Simvastatin
Simvastatin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) SLC35F2
SLC35F2 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Simvastatin
Simvastatin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Bexarotene
Bexarotene {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) DDIT4
DDIT4 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Sirolimus
Sirolimus {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Simvastatin
Simvastatin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Enzalutamide
Enzalutamide {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Pioglitazone (Compound) and Pioglitazone may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Anaphylactic shock (Side Effect) and Anaphylactic shock (Side Effect) is caused by Pioglitazone (Compound) and Pioglitazone may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Hydroxychloroquine (Compound) and Hydroxychloroquine may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Remdesivir
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Abdominal pain upper (Side Effect) and Abdominal pain upper (Side Effect) is caused by Hydroxychloroquine (Compound) and Hydroxychloroquine may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Remdesivir
Ketoconazole (Compound) upregulates DDIT4 (Gene) and DDIT4 (Gene) is upregulated by Simvastatin (Compound) and Simvastatin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir
Ketoconazole (Compound) downregulates SLC35F2 (Gene) and SLC35F2 (Gene) is downregulated by Simvastatin (Compound) and Simvastatin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Bexarotene and Bexarotene may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir
Ketoconazole (Compound) upregulates DDIT4 (Gene) and DDIT4 (Gene) is downregulated by Sirolimus (Compound) and Sirolimus may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Simvastatin and Simvastatin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Enzalutamide and Enzalutamide may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir