DDInter1033 DDInter1628
Leflunomide is a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor belonging to the DMARD (disease-modifying antirheumatic drug) class of drugs, which are chemically and pharmacologically very heterogeneous. Leflunomide was approved by FDA and in many other countries (e.g., Canada, Europe) in 1999.
Ruxolitinib, formerly known as INCB018424 or INC424, is an anticancer drug and a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2, which are tyrosine kinases involved in cytokine signalling and hematopoiesis. Myeloproliferative neoplasms, such as myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera, are often characterized by aberrant activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, leading to abnormal blood cell counts and thrombotic complications. By inhibiting JAK1 and JAK2, ruxolitinib works to block the dysregulated cell signalling pathways and prevents abnormal blood cell proliferation. Due to a large number of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms who have JAK2 mutations, ruxolitinib was the first ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 ever developed. Ruxolitinib was first approved for the treatment of adult patients with myelofibrosis by the FDA in 2011, followed by EMA's approval in 2012. In 2014, it was approved for the treatment of polycythemia vera in adults who have an inadequate response to or are intolerant of [hydroxyurea] and in 2019, ruxolitinib was approved for use in steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease in adults and children. The topical formulation of ruxolitinib is used to treat atopic dermatitis and vitiligo. It is being investigated for other inflammatory skin conditions. Ruxolitinib has been investigated to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) accompanied by severe systemic hyperinflammation. In phase II clinical trials, ruxolitinib improved chest computed tomography and improved recovery in patients with lymphopenia.[A229713, A229718] However, phase III clinical trials later determined that ruxolitinib was inadequate in meeting its primary endpoint of reducing the number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients who experienced severe complications thus the drug was not approved as a treatment for COVID-19.
Leflunomide {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) ACOT9
ACOT9 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Leflunomide {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Anaemia
Anaemia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Leflunomide {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) ACOT9
ACOT9 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) JAK1
JAK1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Leflunomide {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Nilotinib
Nilotinib {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) hematologic cancer
hematologic cancer {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Leflunomide {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) ACOT9
ACOT9 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) FOXJ3
FOXJ3 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Leflunomide {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Bortezomib
Bortezomib {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) hematologic cancer
hematologic cancer {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Leflunomide {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Nilotinib
Nilotinib {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Leflunomide {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Bortezomib
Bortezomib {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) MAP3K7
MAP3K7 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Leflunomide {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Nilotinib
Nilotinib {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) PLK1
PLK1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Leflunomide {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Epirubicin
Epirubicin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) PLK4
PLK4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Leflunomide (Compound) downregulates ACOT9 (Gene) and ACOT9 (Gene) is downregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Leflunomide (Compound) causes Anaemia (Side Effect) and Anaemia (Side Effect) is caused by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Leflunomide (Compound) downregulates ACOT9 (Gene) and ACOT9 (Gene) is regulated by JAK1 (Gene) and JAK1 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Leflunomide may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Nilotinib and Nilotinib (Compound) treats hematologic cancer (Disease) and hematologic cancer (Disease) is treated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Leflunomide (Compound) downregulates ACOT9 (Gene) and ACOT9 (Gene) is regulated by FOXJ3 (Gene) and FOXJ3 (Gene) is upregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Leflunomide may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Bortezomib and Bortezomib (Compound) treats hematologic cancer (Disease) and hematologic cancer (Disease) is treated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Leflunomide may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Nilotinib and Nilotinib (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Leflunomide may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Bortezomib and Bortezomib (Compound) upregulates MAP3K7 (Gene) and MAP3K7 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Leflunomide may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Nilotinib and Nilotinib (Compound) downregulates PLK1 (Gene) and PLK1 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Leflunomide may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Epirubicin and Epirubicin (Compound) downregulates PLK4 (Gene) and PLK4 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)