DDInter1010 DDInter1628
Ketorolac is a Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and is commercially available as an oral tablet, injectable, nasal spray and as an ophthalmic solution. It's analgesic properties make it a useful pain management tool across many settings including postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, menstrual disorders, headaches, spinal and soft tissue pain, and ankylosing spondylitis. Impressively, ketorolac has a similar efficacy to standard doses of morphine and meperidine making it a useful opioid sparing agent.
Ruxolitinib, formerly known as INCB018424 or INC424, is an anticancer drug and a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2, which are tyrosine kinases involved in cytokine signalling and hematopoiesis. Myeloproliferative neoplasms, such as myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera, are often characterized by aberrant activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, leading to abnormal blood cell counts and thrombotic complications. By inhibiting JAK1 and JAK2, ruxolitinib works to block the dysregulated cell signalling pathways and prevents abnormal blood cell proliferation. Due to a large number of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms who have JAK2 mutations, ruxolitinib was the first ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 ever developed. Ruxolitinib was first approved for the treatment of adult patients with myelofibrosis by the FDA in 2011, followed by EMA's approval in 2012. In 2014, it was approved for the treatment of polycythemia vera in adults who have an inadequate response to or are intolerant of [hydroxyurea] and in 2019, ruxolitinib was approved for use in steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease in adults and children. The topical formulation of ruxolitinib is used to treat atopic dermatitis and vitiligo. It is being investigated for other inflammatory skin conditions. Ruxolitinib has been investigated to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) accompanied by severe systemic hyperinflammation. In phase II clinical trials, ruxolitinib improved chest computed tomography and improved recovery in patients with lymphopenia.[A229713, A229718] However, phase III clinical trials later determined that ruxolitinib was inadequate in meeting its primary endpoint of reducing the number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients who experienced severe complications thus the drug was not approved as a treatment for COVID-19.
Ketorolac {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) DUSP4
DUSP4 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Ketorolac {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) PTGS2
PTGS2 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Ketorolac {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) NFKBIA
NFKBIA {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Ketorolac {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) NPDC1
NPDC1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Ketorolac {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Anaemia
Anaemia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Ketorolac {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) DUSP4
DUSP4 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) RET
RET {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Ketorolac {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) PTGS2
PTGS2 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) CAMK1D
CAMK1D {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Ketorolac {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) NFKBIA
NFKBIA {u} (Gene) is associated with {v} (Disease) hematologic cancer
hematologic cancer {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Ketorolac {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) NPDC1
NPDC1 {u} (Gene) covaries with {v} (Gene) MKNK2
MKNK2 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Ketorolac {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Anagrelide
Anagrelide {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) hematologic cancer
hematologic cancer {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Ketorolac (Compound) downregulates DUSP4 (Gene) and DUSP4 (Gene) is upregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Ketorolac (Compound) binds PTGS2 (Gene) and PTGS2 (Gene) is upregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Ketorolac (Compound) upregulates NFKBIA (Gene) and NFKBIA (Gene) is upregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Ketorolac (Compound) downregulates NPDC1 (Gene) and NPDC1 (Gene) is downregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Ketorolac (Compound) causes Anaemia (Side Effect) and Anaemia (Side Effect) is caused by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Ketorolac (Compound) downregulates DUSP4 (Gene) and DUSP4 (Gene) is regulated by RET (Gene) and RET (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Ketorolac (Compound) binds PTGS2 (Gene) and PTGS2 (Gene) is regulated by CAMK1D (Gene) and CAMK1D (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Ketorolac (Compound) upregulates NFKBIA (Gene) and NFKBIA (Gene) is associated with hematologic cancer (Disease) and hematologic cancer (Disease) is treated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Ketorolac (Compound) downregulates NPDC1 (Gene) and NPDC1 (Gene) covaries with MKNK2 (Gene) and MKNK2 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Ketorolac may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Anagrelide and Anagrelide (Compound) treats hematologic cancer (Disease) and hematologic cancer (Disease) is treated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)