DDInter458 DDInter1678
Cyclosporine is a calcineurin inhibitor known for its immunomodulatory properties that prevent organ transplant rejection and treat various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. It is isolated from the fungus _Beauveria nivea_. Initially manufactured by Sandoz and approved for use by the FDA in 1983, cyclosporine is now available in various products by Novartis (previously known as Sandoz).[L11097,L3734,L11118]
Sirolimus, also known as rapamycin, is a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic produced by bacteria _Streptomyces hygroscopicus_, which was isolated from the soil of the Vai Atari region of Rapa Nui (Easter Island). It was first isolated and identified as an antifungal agent with potent anticandida activity; however, after its potent antitumor and immunosuppressive activities were later discovered, it was extensively investigated as an immunosuppressive and antitumour agent. Its primary mechanism of action is the inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that regulates cell growth, proliferation, and survival. mTOR is an important therapeutic target for various diseases, as it was shown to regulate longevity and maintain normal glucose homeostasis. Targeting mTOR received more attention especially in cancer, as mTOR signalling pathways are constitutively activated in many types of human cancer. Sirolimus was first approved by the FDA in 1999 for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in patients aged 13 years and older receiving renal transplants. In November 2000, the drug was recognized by the European Agency as an alternative to calcineurin antagonists for maintenance therapy with corticosteroids. In May 2015, the FDA approved sirolimus for the treatment of patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis. In November 2021, albumin-bound sirolimus for intravenous injection was approved by the FDA for the treatment of adults with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumour (PEComa). Sirolimus was also investigated in other cancers such as skin cancer, Kaposi’s Sarcoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, and tuberous sclerosis. The topical formulation of sirolimus, marketed as HYFTOR, was approved by the FDA in April 2022: this marks the first topical treatment approved in the US for facial angiofibroma associated with tuberous sclerosis complex.
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Sirolimus
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) HIST2H2BE
HIST2H2BE {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Sirolimus
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) ITGB5
ITGB5 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Sirolimus
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) RFC5
RFC5 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Sirolimus
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) PHGDH
PHGDH {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Sirolimus
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) PPIF
PPIF {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Sirolimus
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Sirolimus
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Tacrolimus
Tacrolimus {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Sirolimus
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) SLCO1B1
SLCO1B1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Estradiol
Estradiol {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Sirolimus
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) HIST2H2BE
HIST2H2BE {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Temsirolimus
Temsirolimus {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Sirolimus
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Sirolimus (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) upregulates HIST2H2BE (Gene) and HIST2H2BE (Gene) is upregulated by Sirolimus (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates ITGB5 (Gene) and ITGB5 (Gene) is upregulated by Sirolimus (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates RFC5 (Gene) and RFC5 (Gene) is downregulated by Sirolimus (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) upregulates PHGDH (Gene) and PHGDH (Gene) is downregulated by Sirolimus (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds PPIF (Gene) and PPIF (Gene) is downregulated by Sirolimus (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (Side Effect) and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (Side Effect) is caused by Sirolimus (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Tacrolimus (Compound) and Tacrolimus (Compound) resembles Sirolimus (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds SLCO1B1 (Gene) and SLCO1B1 (Gene) is bound by Estradiol (Compound) and Estradiol may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Sirolimus
Cyclosporine (Compound) upregulates HIST2H2BE (Gene) and HIST2H2BE (Gene) is upregulated by Temsirolimus (Compound) and Temsirolimus (Compound) resembles Sirolimus (Compound)