DDInter416 DDInter1166
This drug is a broad spectrum antimycotic or antifungal agent. Clotrimazole's antimycotic properties were discovered in the late 1960s. Clotrimazole falls under the _imidazole_ category of _azole_ antifungals, possessing broad-spectrum antimycotic activity. It is available in various preparations, including creams, pessaries, and troche formulations (slowly dissolving tablets). As well as its antifungal activity, clotrimazole has become a drug of interest in treating several other diseases such as sickle cell disease, malaria and some cancers. The minimal side effect profile of this drug and its uncomplicated metabolic profile have led it to gain widespread acceptance for the treatment of mycotic outbreaks such as vaginal yeast infections as well as athlete's foot.
Methadone is a potent synthetic analgesic that works as a full µ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. As a full MOR agonist, methadone mimics the natural effects of the body's opioids, endorphins, and enkephalins through the release of neurotransmitters involved in pain transmission. It also has a number of unique characteristics that have led to its increased use in the last two decades; in particular, methadone has a lower risk of neuropsychiatric toxicity compared to other opioids (due to a lack of active metabolites), minimal accumulation in renal failure, good bioavailability, low cost, and a long duration of action.[F4685,F4688,F4691,A185885,A185900,A185903] Due to its unique mechanism of action, methadone is particularly useful for the management of hard to treat pain syndromes such as neuropathic pain and cancer pain requiring higher and more frequent doses of shorter-acting opioids.[A185888,A185891,A185897] Compared with [morphine], the gold standard reference opioid, methadone also acts as an agonist of κ- and σ-opioid receptors, as an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, and as an inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine uptake.[A497,A5344] Specifically by inhibiting the NMDA receptor, methadone dampens a major excitatory pain pathway within the central nervous system. Compared to other opioids, methadone's effects on NMDA inhibition may explain it's improved analgesic efficacy and reduced opioid tolerance.[A185891,A185894] Methadone shares similar effects and risks of other opioids such as [morphine], [hydromorphone], [oxycodone], and [fentanyl]. However, it also has a unique pharmacokinetic profile. Compared with short-acting and even extended-release formulations of [morphine], methadone displays a comparatively longer duration of action and half-life. These effects make methadone a good option for the treatment of severe pain and addiction as fewer doses are needed to maintain analgesia and prevent opioid withdrawal symptoms. However, methadone also has an unpredictable half-life with interindividual variability, which leads to an unpredictable risk of respiratory depression and overdose when initiating or titrating therapy. Overall, methadone's pharmacological actions result in analgesia, suppression of opioid withdrawal symptoms, sedation, miosis, sweating, hypotension, bradycardia, nausea and vomiting (via binding within the chemoreceptor trigger zone), and constipation. At higher doses, methadone use can result in respiratory depression, overdose, and death.[F4685,F4688,F4691] Treatment of opioid addiction with methadone, [buprenorphine], or slow-release oral [morphine] (SROM) is termed Opioid Agonist Treatment (OAT) or Opioid Substitution Therapy (OST). The intention of substitution of illicit opioids with the long-acting opioids used in OAT is to prevent withdrawal symptoms for 24-36 hours following dosing to ultimately reduce cravings and drug-seeking behaviours. Use of OAT is also intended to lead to social stabilization by reducing crime rates, incarceration, use of illicit opioids such as [heroin] or [fentanyl], and ultimately marginalization. Illegally purchased opioids present many other harms in addition to overdose as they can be injected and may be laced with other substances that increase the risk of harm or overdose. Provision of OAT is often combined with education about harm reduction including use of clean needles and injection supplies in an effort to reduce the risks associated with injection drug use such as contraction of HIV and Hepatitis C and other complications including skin infections, abscesses, or endocarditis.
Clotrimazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Methadone
Clotrimazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Diphenoxylate
Diphenoxylate {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Methadone
Clotrimazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2B6
CYP2B6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Methadone
Clotrimazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Redness
Redness {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Methadone
Clotrimazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Clofedanol
Clofedanol {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) and {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Methadone
Clotrimazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Diphenoxylate
Diphenoxylate {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Difenoxin
Difenoxin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Methadone
Clotrimazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Difenoxin
Difenoxin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Diphenoxylate
Diphenoxylate {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Methadone
Clotrimazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2B6
CYP2B6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Benzphetamine
Benzphetamine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Methadone
Clotrimazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP1A2
CYP1A2 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Modafinil
Modafinil {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Methadone
Clotrimazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Redness
Redness {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Metronidazole
Metronidazole {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Methadone
Clotrimazole (Compound) resembles Methadone (Compound)
Clotrimazole (Compound) resembles Diphenoxylate (Compound) and Diphenoxylate (Compound) resembles Methadone (Compound)
Clotrimazole (Compound) binds CYP2B6 (Gene) and CYP2B6 (Gene) is bound by Methadone (Compound)
Clotrimazole (Compound) causes Redness (Side Effect) and Redness (Side Effect) is caused by Methadone (Compound)
Clotrimazole (Compound) resembles Clofedanol (Compound) and Clofedanol (Compound) resembles Methadone (Compound) and Clofedanol may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Methadone
Clotrimazole (Compound) resembles Diphenoxylate (Compound) and Diphenoxylate (Compound) resembles Difenoxin (Compound) and Difenoxin (Compound) resembles Methadone (Compound)
Clotrimazole (Compound) resembles Difenoxin (Compound) and Difenoxin (Compound) resembles Diphenoxylate (Compound) and Diphenoxylate (Compound) resembles Methadone (Compound)
Clotrimazole (Compound) binds CYP2B6 (Gene) and CYP2B6 (Gene) is bound by Benzphetamine (Compound) and Benzphetamine (Compound) resembles Methadone (Compound)
Clotrimazole (Compound) binds CYP1A2 (Gene) and CYP1A2 (Gene) is bound by Modafinil (Compound) and Modafinil (Compound) resembles Methadone (Compound)
Clotrimazole (Compound) causes Redness (Side Effect) and Redness (Side Effect) is caused by Metronidazole (Compound) and Metronidazole may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Methadone