DDInter1607 DDInter596
Ritonavir is an HIV protease inhibitor that interferes with the reproductive cycle of HIV. Although it was initially developed as an independent antiviral agent, it has been shown to possess advantageous properties in combination regimens with low-dose ritonavir and other protease inhibitors. It is now more commonly used as a booster of other protease inhibitors and is available in both liquid formulations and as capsules. While ritonavir is not an active antiviral agent against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, it is added in combination therapies indicated for the treatment of HCV infections as a booster. Ritonavir is a potent CYP3A inhibitor that increases peak and trough plasma drug concentrations of other protease inhibitors such as and overall drug exposure. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines recommend ritonavir-boosted combination therapies as first-line therapy for HCV Genotype 1a/b and
Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius along side with daunorubicin, another cytotoxic agent, in 1970.[A1575,A257709,A257614] Although they both have aglyconic and sugar moieties, doxorubicin's side chain terminates with a primary alcohol group compared to the methyl group of daunorubicin. Although its detailed molecular mechanisms have yet to be understood, doxorubicin is generally thought to exert its effect through DNA intercalation, which eventually leads to DNA damage and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Thanks to its efficacy and broad effect, doxorubicin was approved by the FDA in 1974 to treat a variety of cancer, including but not limited to breast, lung, gastric, ovarian, thyroid, non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, sarcoma, and pediatric cancers.[A1573,A257614,L45231] However, one of the major side effects of doxorubicin is cardiotoxicity, which excludes patients with poor heart function and requires treatment termination once the maximally tolerated cumulative dose is reached.
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hyperlipidaemia
Hyperlipidaemia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2B6
CYP2B6 {u} (Gene) covaries with {v} (Gene) ACADS
ACADS {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hyperlipidaemia
Hyperlipidaemia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Epirubicin
Epirubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is associated with {v} (Disease) ovarian cancer
ovarian cancer {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCC2
ABCC2 {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) FOXO4
FOXO4 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Carfilzomib
Carfilzomib {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) PSMB10
PSMB10 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Lopinavir
Lopinavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Ritonavir (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) causes Hyperlipidaemia (Side Effect) and Hyperlipidaemia (Side Effect) is caused by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Daunorubicin (Compound) and Daunorubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) binds CYP2B6 (Gene) and CYP2B6 (Gene) covaries with ACADS (Gene) and ACADS (Gene) is upregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) causes Hyperlipidaemia (Side Effect) and Hyperlipidaemia (Side Effect) is caused by Epirubicin (Compound) and Epirubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) resembles Atazanavir (Compound) and Atazanavir (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is associated with ovarian cancer (Disease) and ovarian cancer (Disease) is treated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) binds ABCC2 (Gene) and ABCC2 (Gene) regulates FOXO4 (Gene) and FOXO4 (Gene) is upregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) resembles Carfilzomib (Compound) and Carfilzomib (Compound) binds PSMB10 (Gene) and PSMB10 (Gene) is upregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) resembles Lopinavir (Compound) and Lopinavir (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Doxorubicin (Compound)