DDInter458 DDInter1578
Cyclosporine is a calcineurin inhibitor known for its immunomodulatory properties that prevent organ transplant rejection and treat various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. It is isolated from the fungus _Beauveria nivea_. Initially manufactured by Sandoz and approved for use by the FDA in 1983, cyclosporine is now available in various products by Novartis (previously known as Sandoz).[L11097,L3734,L11118]
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is a respiratory disease that is capable of progressing to viral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); COVID-19 can be fatal. Like other RNA viruses, SARS-CoV-2 depends on an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme complex for genomic replication, which can be inhibited by a class of drugs known as nucleoside analogues. Remdesivir (GS-5734) is an adenosine triphosphate analogue first described in the literature in 2016 as a potential treatment for Ebola.[A191379, A222393] Broad antiviral activity of remdesivir is suggested by its mechanism of action, and to date, it has demonstrated _in vitro_ activity against the _Arenaviridae_, _Flaviviridae_, _Filoviridae_, _Paramyxoviridae_, _Pneumoviridae_, and _Coronaviridae_ viral families. Remdesivir activity against the _Coronaviridae_ family was first demonstrated in 2017, leading to considerable interest in remdesivir as a possible treatment for COVID-19.[A191427, A198810] Remdesivir was confirmed as a non-obligate chain terminator of RdRp from SARS-CoV-2 and the related SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and has been investigated in multiple COVID-19 clinical trials.[L12174, L12177] After initially being granted an FDA Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) on May 1st, 2020, remdesivir was fully approved by the FDA for the treatment of COVID-19 on October 22, 2020. Remdesivir is currently marketed under the trademark name VEKLURY by Gilead Sciences Inc. Remdesivir was also approved by the European Commission on July 3, 2020. Remdesivir in combination with [baricitinib] for the treatment of COVID-19, was granted an FDA Emergency Use Authorization on November 19, 2020.
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Pioglitazone
Pioglitazone {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) MYC
MYC {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Pioglitazone
Pioglitazone {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) RGS2
RGS2 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Pioglitazone
Pioglitazone {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) MYC
MYC {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Simvastatin
Simvastatin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Acute coronary syndrome
Acute coronary syndrome {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Pioglitazone
Pioglitazone {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) RGS2
RGS2 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Isotretinoin
Isotretinoin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Visual disturbance
Visual disturbance {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) TOP2A
TOP2A {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) and {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Epirubicin
Epirubicin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) HPRT1
HPRT1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Tioguanine
Tioguanine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Remdesivir
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Pioglitazone (Compound) and Pioglitazone may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir
Cyclosporine (Compound) upregulates MYC (Gene) and MYC (Gene) is upregulated by Pioglitazone (Compound) and Pioglitazone may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates RGS2 (Gene) and RGS2 (Gene) is downregulated by Pioglitazone (Compound) and Pioglitazone may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir
Cyclosporine (Compound) upregulates MYC (Gene) and MYC (Gene) is downregulated by Simvastatin (Compound) and Simvastatin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Acute coronary syndrome (Side Effect) and Acute coronary syndrome (Side Effect) is caused by Pioglitazone (Compound) and Pioglitazone may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates RGS2 (Gene) and RGS2 (Gene) is upregulated by Isotretinoin (Compound) and Isotretinoin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Hydroxychloroquine (Compound) and Hydroxychloroquine may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Remdesivir
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Visual disturbance (Side Effect) and Visual disturbance (Side Effect) is caused by Hydroxychloroquine (Compound) and Hydroxychloroquine may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Remdesivir
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates TOP2A (Gene) and TOP2A (Gene) is bound by Epirubicin (Compound) and TOP2A (Gene) is downregulated by Epirubicin (Compound) and Epirubicin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates HPRT1 (Gene) and HPRT1 (Gene) is bound by Tioguanine (Compound) and Tioguanine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Remdesivir