DDInter776 DDInter1476
Formoterol is an inhaled beta<sub>2</sub>-agonist used in the management of COPD and asthma that was first approved for use in the United States in 2001. It acts on bronchial smooth muscle to dilate and relax airways, and is administered as a racemic mixture of its active (R;R)- and inactive (S;S)-enantiomers. A major clinical advantage of formoterol over other inhaled beta-agonists is its rapid onset of action (2-3 minutes), which is at least as fast as [salbutamol], combined with a long duration of action (12 hours) - for this reason, treatment guidelines for asthma recommend its use as both a reliever and maintenance medication. It is available as a single-entity product [L10986,L11223] and in several formulations in combination with both inhaled corticosteroids [L10995,L10619] and long-acting
Pirbuterol is a beta-2 adrenergic bronchodilator. In vitro studies and in vivo pharmacologic studies have demonstrated that pirbuterol has a preferential effect on beta-2 Adrenergic receptors compared with isoproterenol. While it is recognized that beta-2 adrenergic receptors are the predominant receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, data indicate that there is a population of beta-2 receptors in the human heart, existing in a concentration between 10-50%. The precise function of these receptors has not been established. The pharmacologic effects of beta adrenergic agonist drugs, including pirbuterol, are at least in proof attributable to stimulation through beta adrenergic receptors of intracellular adenyl cyclase, the enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (AlP) to cyclic-3† ,5†-adenosine monophosphate (c-AMP). Increased c-AMP levels are associated with relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibition of release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells.
Formoterol {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Salbutamol
Salbutamol {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Pirbuterol
Formoterol {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Nadolol
Nadolol {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Pirbuterol
Formoterol {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Epinephrine
Epinephrine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Pirbuterol
Formoterol {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) asthma
asthma {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Pirbuterol
Formoterol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ADRB1
ADRB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Pirbuterol
Formoterol {u} (Compound) is included by {v} (Pharmacologic Class) Adrenergic beta2-Agonists
Adrenergic beta2-Agonists {u} (Pharmacologic Class) includes {v} (Compound) Pirbuterol
Formoterol {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Dry mouth
Dry mouth {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Pirbuterol
Formoterol {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Salbutamol
Salbutamol {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Bupranolol
Bupranolol {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Pirbuterol
Formoterol {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Nadolol
Nadolol {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Bupranolol
Bupranolol {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Pirbuterol
Formoterol {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Epinephrine
Epinephrine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Terbutaline
Terbutaline {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Pirbuterol
Formoterol may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Salbutamol and Salbutamol (Compound) resembles Pirbuterol (Compound)
Formoterol may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Nadolol and Nadolol (Compound) resembles Pirbuterol (Compound)
Formoterol may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Epinephrine and Epinephrine (Compound) resembles Pirbuterol (Compound)
Formoterol (Compound) treats asthma (Disease) and asthma (Disease) is treated by Pirbuterol (Compound)
Formoterol (Compound) binds ADRB1 (Gene) and ADRB1 (Gene) is bound by Pirbuterol (Compound)
Formoterol (Compound) is included by Adrenergic beta2-Agonists (Pharmacologic Class) and Adrenergic beta2-Agonists (Pharmacologic Class) includes Pirbuterol (Compound)
Formoterol (Compound) causes Dry mouth (Side Effect) and Dry mouth (Side Effect) is caused by Pirbuterol (Compound)
Formoterol may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Salbutamol and Salbutamol (Compound) resembles Bupranolol (Compound) and Bupranolol (Compound) resembles Pirbuterol (Compound)
Formoterol may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Nadolol and Nadolol (Compound) resembles Bupranolol (Compound) and Bupranolol (Compound) resembles Pirbuterol (Compound)
Formoterol may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Epinephrine and Epinephrine (Compound) resembles Terbutaline (Compound) and Terbutaline (Compound) resembles Pirbuterol (Compound)