DDInter1789 DDInter1628
A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, thalidomide was withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of inflammatory disorders and cancers. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity through modulating the release of inflammatory mediators like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and other cytokine action. Due to severe teratogenicity, pregnancy must be excluded before the start of treatment and patients must enrol in the THALIDOMID Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) program to ensure contraception adherence.
Ruxolitinib, formerly known as INCB018424 or INC424, is an anticancer drug and a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2, which are tyrosine kinases involved in cytokine signalling and hematopoiesis. Myeloproliferative neoplasms, such as myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera, are often characterized by aberrant activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, leading to abnormal blood cell counts and thrombotic complications. By inhibiting JAK1 and JAK2, ruxolitinib works to block the dysregulated cell signalling pathways and prevents abnormal blood cell proliferation. Due to a large number of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms who have JAK2 mutations, ruxolitinib was the first ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 ever developed. Ruxolitinib was first approved for the treatment of adult patients with myelofibrosis by the FDA in 2011, followed by EMA's approval in 2012. In 2014, it was approved for the treatment of polycythemia vera in adults who have an inadequate response to or are intolerant of [hydroxyurea] and in 2019, ruxolitinib was approved for use in steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease in adults and children. The topical formulation of ruxolitinib is used to treat atopic dermatitis and vitiligo. It is being investigated for other inflammatory skin conditions. Ruxolitinib has been investigated to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) accompanied by severe systemic hyperinflammation. In phase II clinical trials, ruxolitinib improved chest computed tomography and improved recovery in patients with lymphopenia.[A229713, A229718] However, phase III clinical trials later determined that ruxolitinib was inadequate in meeting its primary endpoint of reducing the number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients who experienced severe complications thus the drug was not approved as a treatment for COVID-19.
Thalidomide {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) hematologic cancer
hematologic cancer {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Thalidomide {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) PTGS2
PTGS2 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Thalidomide {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) NFKBIA
NFKBIA {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Thalidomide {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Anaemia
Anaemia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Thalidomide {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) hematologic cancer
hematologic cancer {u} (Disease) is associated with {v} (Gene) JAK1
JAK1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Thalidomide {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) PTGS2
PTGS2 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) CAMK1D
CAMK1D {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Thalidomide {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) NFKBIA
NFKBIA {u} (Gene) is associated with {v} (Disease) hematologic cancer
hematologic cancer {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Thalidomide {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) NFKB1
NFKB1 {u} (Gene) interacts with {v} (Gene) MAP3K7
MAP3K7 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Thalidomide {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Nilotinib
Nilotinib {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) hematologic cancer
hematologic cancer {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Thalidomide {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) PTGS2
PTGS2 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) ZNF451
ZNF451 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Thalidomide (Compound) treats hematologic cancer (Disease) and hematologic cancer (Disease) is treated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Thalidomide (Compound) binds PTGS2 (Gene) and PTGS2 (Gene) is upregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Thalidomide (Compound) upregulates NFKBIA (Gene) and NFKBIA (Gene) is upregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Thalidomide (Compound) causes Anaemia (Side Effect) and Anaemia (Side Effect) is caused by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Thalidomide (Compound) treats hematologic cancer (Disease) and hematologic cancer (Disease) is associated with JAK1 (Gene) and JAK1 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Thalidomide (Compound) binds PTGS2 (Gene) and PTGS2 (Gene) is regulated by CAMK1D (Gene) and CAMK1D (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Thalidomide (Compound) upregulates NFKBIA (Gene) and NFKBIA (Gene) is associated with hematologic cancer (Disease) and hematologic cancer (Disease) is treated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Thalidomide (Compound) binds NFKB1 (Gene) and NFKB1 (Gene) interacts with MAP3K7 (Gene) and MAP3K7 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Thalidomide may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Nilotinib and Nilotinib (Compound) treats hematologic cancer (Disease) and hematologic cancer (Disease) is treated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Thalidomide (Compound) binds PTGS2 (Gene) and PTGS2 (Gene) is regulated by ZNF451 (Gene) and ZNF451 (Gene) is upregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)