DDInter690 DDInter1479
A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in alcoholic beverages.
Pitavastatin, also known as the brand name product Livalo, is a lipid-lowering drug belonging to the statin class of medications. By inhibiting the endogenous production of cholesterol within the liver, statins lower abnormal cholesterol and lipid levels and ultimately reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. More specifically, statin medications competitively inhibit the enzyme hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) Reductase, which catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid. This is the third step in a sequence of metabolic reactions involved in the production of several compounds involved in lipid metabolism and transport including cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (sometimes referred to as "bad cholesterol"), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Prescribing of statin medications is considered standard practice following any cardiovascular events and for people with a moderate to high risk of development of CVD, such as those with Type 2 Diabetes. The clear evidence of the benefit of statin use coupled with very minimal side effects or long term effects has resulted in this class becoming one of the most widely prescribed medications in North America.[A181087, A181406] Pitavastatin and other drugs from the statin class of medications including [atorvastatin], [pravastatin], [rosuvastatin], [fluvastatin], and [lovastatin] are considered first-line options for the treatment of dyslipidemia.[A181087, A181406] Increasing use of the statin class of drugs is largely due to the fact that cardiovascular disease (CVD), which includes heart attack, atherosclerosis, angina, peripheral artery disease, and stroke, has become a leading cause of death in high-income countries and a major cause of morbidity around the world. Elevated cholesterol levels, and in particular, elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, are an important risk factor for the development of CVD.[A181087,A181553] Use of statins to target and reduce LDL levels has been shown in a number of landmark studies to significantly reduce the risk of development of CVD and all-cause mortality.[A181090,A181093,A181096,A181427,A181475,A181538] Statins are considered a cost-effective treatment option for CVD due to their evidence of reducing all-cause mortality including fatal and non-fatal CVD as well as the need for surgical revascularization or angioplasty following a heart attack.[A181087, A181406] Evidence has shown that even for low-risk individuals (with <10% risk of a major vascular event occurring within 5 years) statins cause a 20%-22% relative reduction in major cardiovascular events (heart attack, stroke, coronary revascularization, and coronary death) for every 1 mmol/L reduction in LDL without any significant side effects or risks.[A181397, A181403] While all statin medications are considered equally effective from a clinical standpoint, [rosuvastatin] is considered the most potent; doses of 10 to 40mg [rosuvastatin] per day were found in clinical studies to result in a 45.8% to 54.6% decrease in LDL cholesterol levels.[A181409,A181535,A181538,A1793] Study data has confirmed that pitavastatin's potency in lowering LDL-C is comparable to that of other statins but also has increased efficacy in increasing HDL-C (also known as "good cholesterol").[A182000,A182003,A182006] Despite these differences in potency, several trials have demonstrated only minimal differences in terms of clinical outcomes between statins.[A181538, A181427]
Ethanol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C9
CYP2C9 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Pitavastatin
Ethanol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2B6
CYP2B6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Simvastatin
Simvastatin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Pitavastatin
Ethanol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C9
CYP2C9 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Fluvastatin
Fluvastatin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Pitavastatin
Ethanol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C9
CYP2C9 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Atorvastatin
Atorvastatin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Pitavastatin
Ethanol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C9
CYP2C9 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Warfarin
Warfarin {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Pitavastatin
Ethanol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) interacts with {v} (Gene) STUB1
STUB1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Pitavastatin
Ethanol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C19
CYP2C19 {u} (Gene) is associated with {v} (Disease) coronary artery disease
coronary artery disease {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Pitavastatin
Ethanol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C19
CYP2C19 {u} (Gene) covaries with {v} (Gene) PAK1
PAK1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Pitavastatin
Ethanol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2E1
CYP2E1 {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) C5
C5 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Pitavastatin
Ethanol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) interacts with {v} (Gene) UGT2B7
UGT2B7 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Pitavastatin
Ethanol (Compound) binds CYP2C9 (Gene) and CYP2C9 (Gene) is bound by Pitavastatin (Compound)
Ethanol (Compound) binds CYP2B6 (Gene) and CYP2B6 (Gene) is bound by Simvastatin (Compound) and Simvastatin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Pitavastatin
Ethanol (Compound) binds CYP2C9 (Gene) and CYP2C9 (Gene) is bound by Fluvastatin (Compound) and Fluvastatin (Compound) resembles Pitavastatin (Compound)
Ethanol (Compound) binds CYP2C9 (Gene) and CYP2C9 (Gene) is bound by Atorvastatin (Compound) and Atorvastatin (Compound) resembles Pitavastatin (Compound)
Ethanol (Compound) binds CYP2C9 (Gene) and CYP2C9 (Gene) is bound by Warfarin (Compound) and Warfarin may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Pitavastatin
Ethanol (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) interacts with STUB1 (Gene) and STUB1 (Gene) is downregulated by Pitavastatin (Compound)
Ethanol (Compound) binds CYP2C19 (Gene) and CYP2C19 (Gene) is associated with coronary artery disease (Disease) and coronary artery disease (Disease) is treated by Pitavastatin (Compound)
Ethanol (Compound) binds CYP2C19 (Gene) and CYP2C19 (Gene) covaries with PAK1 (Gene) and PAK1 (Gene) is upregulated by Pitavastatin (Compound)
Ethanol (Compound) binds CYP2E1 (Gene) and CYP2E1 (Gene) regulates C5 (Gene) and C5 (Gene) is upregulated by Pitavastatin (Compound)
Ethanol (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) interacts with UGT2B7 (Gene) and UGT2B7 (Gene) is bound by Pitavastatin (Compound)