DDInter127 DDInter1607
Asparaginase derived from _Escherichia coli_ (L-asparagine amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.1) is an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of L-asparagine, by catalyzing L-asparagine into L-aspartic acid and ammonia. It also facilitates the production of oxaloacetate which is needed for general cellular metabolism. Asparaginase from _E. coli_ has clinically shown to exhibit antitumor actions in models of leukaemias [A31996, A31997]. L-asparaginase of _E. coli_ is marketed under several different trade names, including Elspar, for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as part of a multi-agent chemotherapeutic regimen. It is available as intramuscular or intravenous injections. Therapeutic L-asparaginase from _E. coli_ works by depleting the levels
Ritonavir is an HIV protease inhibitor that interferes with the reproductive cycle of HIV. Although it was initially developed as an independent antiviral agent, it has been shown to possess advantageous properties in combination regimens with low-dose ritonavir and other protease inhibitors. It is now more commonly used as a booster of other protease inhibitors and is available in both liquid formulations and as capsules. While ritonavir is not an active antiviral agent against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, it is added in combination therapies indicated for the treatment of HCV infections as a booster. Ritonavir is a potent CYP3A inhibitor that increases peak and trough plasma drug concentrations of other protease inhibitors such as and overall drug exposure. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines recommend ritonavir-boosted combination therapies as first-line therapy for HCV Genotype 1a/b and 4 treatment-naïve patients with or without cirrhosis. Ritonavir is found in a fixed-dose combination product with , , and as the FDA-approved product Viekira Pak. First approved in December 2014, Viekira Pak is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis, and when combined with Ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis. Ritonavir is also available as a fixed-dose combination product with and as the FDA- and Health Canada-approved product Technivie. First approved in July 2015, Technivie is indicated in combination with Ribavirin for the treatment of patients with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis. In Canada, ritonavir is also available as a fixed-dose combination product with , , and as the Health Canada-approved, commercially available product Holkira Pak. First approved in January 2015, Holkira Pak is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b with or without cirrhosis, and when combined with Ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a with or without cirrhosis. The inclusion of ritonavir can select for HIV-1 protease inhibitor resistance-associated substitutions. Any HCV/HIV-1 co-infected patients treated with ritonavir-containing combination therapies should also be on a suppressive antiretroviral drug regimen to reduce the risk of HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance. Ritonavir is combined with other drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients at risk for progressing into a severe form of the disease, such as [nirmatrelvir].
Asparaginase Escherichia coli {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Carfilzomib
Carfilzomib {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Asparaginase Escherichia coli {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Rosuvastatin
Rosuvastatin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCC1
ABCC1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Asparaginase Escherichia coli {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Carfilzomib
Carfilzomib {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Lopinavir
Lopinavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Asparaginase Escherichia coli {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Rosuvastatin
Rosuvastatin {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Asparaginase Escherichia coli {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Medroxyprogesterone acetate
Medroxyprogesterone acetate {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Asparaginase Escherichia coli {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Carfilzomib
Carfilzomib {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Chills
Chills {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Asparaginase Escherichia coli {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Idelalisib
Idelalisib {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Asparaginase Escherichia coli {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Rosuvastatin
Rosuvastatin {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Lopinavir
Lopinavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Asparaginase Escherichia coli {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Nevirapine
Nevirapine {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Asparaginase Escherichia coli {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Azithromycin
Azithromycin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) NT5DC2
NT5DC2 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Asparaginase Escherichia coli may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Carfilzomib and Carfilzomib (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Asparaginase Escherichia coli may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Rosuvastatin and Rosuvastatin (Compound) binds ABCC1 (Gene) and ABCC1 (Gene) is bound by Ritonavir (Compound)
Asparaginase Escherichia coli may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Carfilzomib and Carfilzomib (Compound) resembles Lopinavir (Compound) and Lopinavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Asparaginase Escherichia coli may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Rosuvastatin and Rosuvastatin may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Atazanavir and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Asparaginase Escherichia coli may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Medroxyprogesterone acetate and Medroxyprogesterone acetate may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Atazanavir and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Asparaginase Escherichia coli may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Carfilzomib and Carfilzomib (Compound) causes Chills (Side Effect) and Chills (Side Effect) is caused by Ritonavir (Compound)
Asparaginase Escherichia coli may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Idelalisib and Idelalisib may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Atazanavir and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Asparaginase Escherichia coli may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Rosuvastatin and Rosuvastatin may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Lopinavir and Lopinavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Asparaginase Escherichia coli may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Nevirapine and Nevirapine (Compound) treats acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Disease) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Disease) is treated by Ritonavir (Compound)
Asparaginase Escherichia coli may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Azithromycin and Azithromycin (Compound) downregulates NT5DC2 (Gene) and NT5DC2 (Gene) is downregulated by Ritonavir (Compound)