DDInter1008 DDInter893
Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent used in the prevention and treatment of a variety of fungal infections.[FDA Label] It functions by preventing the synthesis of ergosterol, the fungal equivalent of cholesterol, thereby increasing membrane fluidity and preventing growth of the fungus.[A181802,T116] Ketoconazole was first approved in an oral formulation for systemic use by the FDA in 1981. At this time it was considered a significant improvement over previous antifungals, [miconazole] and [clotrimazole], due to its broad spectrum and good absorption. However, it was discovered that ketoconazole produces frequent gastrointestinal side effects and dose-related hepatitis.[A188054,A188057] These effects combined with waning efficacy led to its eventual replacement by triazole agents, [fluconazole], [itraconazole], [voriconazole], and [posaconazole]. Ketoconazole and its predecessor [clotrimazole] continue
Hydroxychloroquine is a racemic mixture consisting of an R and S enantiomer. Hydroxychloroquine is an aminoquinoline like [chloroquine]. It is a commonly prescribed medication in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic discoid lupus erythematosus, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Hydroxychloroquine is also used for the prophylaxis of malaria in regions where chloroquine resistance is unlikely. It was developed during World War II as a derivative of [quinacrine] with less severe side effects. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are both being investigated for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. **The FDA emergency use authorization for hydroxychloroquine and [chloroquine] in the treatment of COVID-19 was revoked on 15 June 2020.** Hydroxychloroquine was granted FDA approval on 18 April 1955. A recent study reported a fatality in the group being treated with hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19.
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Hydroxychloroquine
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Vomiting
Vomiting {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Hydroxychloroquine
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Hydroxychloroquine
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Chloroquine
Chloroquine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Hydroxychloroquine
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Vomiting
Vomiting {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Chloroquine
Chloroquine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Hydroxychloroquine
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Skin disorder
Skin disorder {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Hydroxychloroquine
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Leukopenia
Leukopenia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Primaquine
Primaquine {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Hydroxychloroquine
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Photophobia
Photophobia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Bortezomib
Bortezomib {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Hydroxychloroquine
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Hydroxychloroquine
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Primaquine
Primaquine {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Hydroxychloroquine
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Hydroxychloroquine (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Vomiting (Side Effect) and Vomiting (Side Effect) is caused by Hydroxychloroquine (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Hydroxychloroquine
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Chloroquine (Compound) and Chloroquine (Compound) resembles Hydroxychloroquine (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Vomiting (Side Effect) and Vomiting (Side Effect) is caused by Chloroquine (Compound) and Chloroquine (Compound) resembles Hydroxychloroquine (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Skin disorder (Side Effect) and Skin disorder (Side Effect) is caused by Sulfamethoxazole (Compound) and Sulfamethoxazole may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Hydroxychloroquine
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Leukopenia (Side Effect) and Leukopenia (Side Effect) is caused by Primaquine (Compound) and Primaquine may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Hydroxychloroquine
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Photophobia (Side Effect) and Photophobia (Side Effect) is caused by Bortezomib (Compound) and Bortezomib may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Hydroxychloroquine
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) resembles Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Hydroxychloroquine
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Primaquine and Primaquine may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Hydroxychloroquine