DDInter1404 DDInter1607
Pegaspargase is a conjugate of monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) and L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amidohydrolase), an asparagine-specific enzyme that converts L-asparagine into aspartic acid and ammonia. Asparagine is an amino acid that is vital for cell survival. In humans, most normal tissues can produce asparagine through the action of asparagine synthetase. However, leukemia cells have low levels of this enzyme and depend on exogenous sources. Therefore, the use of pegaspargase results in leukemic cell death.[A103,A255912,L44667] Pegaspargase has the same mechanism of action as [L-asparaginase] derived from _Escherichia coli_, a previously developed enzyme used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, using L-asparaginase derived from _Escherich
Ritonavir is an HIV protease inhibitor that interferes with the reproductive cycle of HIV. Although it was initially developed as an independent antiviral agent, it has been shown to possess advantageous properties in combination regimens with low-dose ritonavir and other protease inhibitors. It is now more commonly used as a booster of other protease inhibitors and is available in both liquid formulations and as capsules. While ritonavir is not an active antiviral agent against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, it is added in combination therapies indicated for the treatment of HCV infections as a booster. Ritonavir is a potent CYP3A inhibitor that increases peak and trough plasma drug concentrations of other protease inhibitors such as and overall drug exposure. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines recommend ritonavir-boosted combination therapies as first-line therapy for HCV Genotype 1a/b and 4 treatment-naïve patients with or without cirrhosis. Ritonavir is found in a fixed-dose combination product with , , and as the FDA-approved product Viekira Pak. First approved in December 2014, Viekira Pak is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis, and when combined with Ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis. Ritonavir is also available as a fixed-dose combination product with and as the FDA- and Health Canada-approved product Technivie. First approved in July 2015, Technivie is indicated in combination with Ribavirin for the treatment of patients with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis. In Canada, ritonavir is also available as a fixed-dose combination product with , , and as the Health Canada-approved, commercially available product Holkira Pak. First approved in January 2015, Holkira Pak is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b with or without cirrhosis, and when combined with Ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a with or without cirrhosis. The inclusion of ritonavir can select for HIV-1 protease inhibitor resistance-associated substitutions. Any HCV/HIV-1 co-infected patients treated with ritonavir-containing combination therapies should also be on a suppressive antiretroviral drug regimen to reduce the risk of HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance. Ritonavir is combined with other drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients at risk for progressing into a severe form of the disease, such as [nirmatrelvir].
Pegaspargase {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Carfilzomib
Carfilzomib {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Pegaspargase {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Pramlintide
Pramlintide {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Pegaspargase {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Carfilzomib
Carfilzomib {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Lopinavir
Lopinavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Pegaspargase {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Ardeparin
Ardeparin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Malaise
Malaise {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Pegaspargase {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Carfilzomib
Carfilzomib {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Pegaspargase {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Cerivastatin
Cerivastatin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Carfilzomib
Carfilzomib {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Pegaspargase {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Clofarabine
Clofarabine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) VPS28
VPS28 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Pegaspargase {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Budesonide
Budesonide {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Pegaspargase {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Nevirapine
Nevirapine {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Pegaspargase {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Pegaspargase may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Carfilzomib and Carfilzomib (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Pegaspargase may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Pramlintide and Pramlintide may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Atazanavir and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Pegaspargase may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Carfilzomib and Carfilzomib (Compound) resembles Lopinavir (Compound) and Lopinavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Pegaspargase may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Ardeparin and Ardeparin (Compound) causes Malaise (Side Effect) and Malaise (Side Effect) is caused by Ritonavir (Compound)
Pegaspargase may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Carfilzomib and Carfilzomib (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Ritonavir (Compound)
Pegaspargase may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Cerivastatin and Cerivastatin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Carfilzomib and Carfilzomib (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Pegaspargase may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Clofarabine and Clofarabine (Compound) downregulates VPS28 (Gene) and VPS28 (Gene) is downregulated by Ritonavir (Compound)
Pegaspargase may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Budesonide and Budesonide may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Atazanavir and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Pegaspargase may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Nevirapine and Nevirapine (Compound) treats acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Disease) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Disease) is treated by Ritonavir (Compound)
Pegaspargase may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Methylprednisolone and Methylprednisolone may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Atazanavir and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)