DDInter1008 DDInter672
Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent used in the prevention and treatment of a variety of fungal infections.[FDA Label] It functions by preventing the synthesis of ergosterol, the fungal equivalent of cholesterol, thereby increasing membrane fluidity and preventing growth of the fungus.[A181802,T116] Ketoconazole was first approved in an oral formulation for systemic use by the FDA in 1981. At this time it was considered a significant improvement over previous antifungals, [miconazole] and [clotrimazole], due to its broad spectrum and good absorption. However, it was discovered that ketoconazole produces frequent gastrointestinal side effects and dose-related hepatitis.[A188054,A188057] These effects combined with waning efficacy led to its eventual replacement by triazole agents, [fluconazole], [itraconazole], [voriconazole], and [posaconazole]. Ketoconazole and its predecessor [clotrimazole] continue
Escitalopram is a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) and the S-enantiomer of racemic [citalopram]. It is used to restore serotonergic function in the treatment of depression and anxiety.[L8513,L8516,L8522] Escitalopram is approximately 150 times more potent than citalopram’s R-enantiomer and is responsible for the vast majority of citalopram’s clinical activity, with some evidence suggesting that the R-enantiomer of racemic citalopram actively dampens the activity of escitalopram rather than existing simply as an inactive enantiomer.[A39738,A185819] Amongst SSRIs, escitalopram exerts the highest degree of selectivity for the serotonin transporter (SERT) relative to other off-targets which may explain its lower rates of adverse effects as compared to other agents in this class. Escitalopram also differentiates itself from other SSRIs via allosteric action on its target - this may be the mechanism responsible for its observed superior efficacy and faster onset compared to other SSRIs.[A185825,A185726,A185822]
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Escitalopram
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hot flush
Hot flush {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Escitalopram
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Citalopram
Citalopram {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Escitalopram
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hot flush
Hot flush {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Citalopram
Citalopram {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Escitalopram
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Escitalopram
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Miconazole
Miconazole {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Escitalopram
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is associated with {v} (Disease) endogenous depression
endogenous depression {u} (Disease) is palliated by {v} (Compound) Escitalopram
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hot flush
Hot flush {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Aprepitant
Aprepitant {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Escitalopram
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Menstrual disorder
Menstrual disorder {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Lansoprazole
Lansoprazole {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Escitalopram
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Gynaecomastia
Gynaecomastia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ivacaftor
Ivacaftor {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Escitalopram
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Escitalopram (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Hot flush (Side Effect) and Hot flush (Side Effect) is caused by Escitalopram (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Citalopram (Compound) and Citalopram (Compound) resembles Escitalopram (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Hot flush (Side Effect) and Hot flush (Side Effect) is caused by Citalopram (Compound) and Citalopram (Compound) resembles Escitalopram (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Escitalopram (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Miconazole (Compound) and Miconazole may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Escitalopram
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is associated with endogenous depression (Disease) and endogenous depression (Disease) is palliated by Escitalopram (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Hot flush (Side Effect) and Hot flush (Side Effect) is caused by Aprepitant (Compound) and Aprepitant may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Escitalopram
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Menstrual disorder (Side Effect) and Menstrual disorder (Side Effect) is caused by Lansoprazole (Compound) and Lansoprazole may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Escitalopram
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Gynaecomastia (Side Effect) and Gynaecomastia (Side Effect) is caused by Ivacaftor (Compound) and Ivacaftor may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Escitalopram