DDInter1607 DDInter1008
Ritonavir is an HIV protease inhibitor that interferes with the reproductive cycle of HIV. Although it was initially developed as an independent antiviral agent, it has been shown to possess advantageous properties in combination regimens with low-dose ritonavir and other protease inhibitors. It is now more commonly used as a booster of other protease inhibitors and is available in both liquid formulations and as capsules. While ritonavir is not an active antiviral agent against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, it is added in combination therapies indicated for the treatment of HCV infections as a booster. Ritonavir is a potent CYP3A inhibitor that increases peak and trough plasma drug concentrations of other protease inhibitors such as and overall drug exposure. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines recommend ritonavir-boosted combination therapies as first-line therapy for HCV Genotype 1a/b and
Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent used in the prevention and treatment of a variety of fungal infections.[FDA Label] It functions by preventing the synthesis of ergosterol, the fungal equivalent of cholesterol, thereby increasing membrane fluidity and preventing growth of the fungus.[A181802,T116] Ketoconazole was first approved in an oral formulation for systemic use by the FDA in 1981. At this time it was considered a significant improvement over previous antifungals, [miconazole] and [clotrimazole], due to its broad spectrum and good absorption. However, it was discovered that ketoconazole produces frequent gastrointestinal side effects and dose-related hepatitis.[A188054,A188057] These effects combined with waning efficacy led to its eventual replacement by triazole agents, [fluconazole], [itraconazole], [voriconazole], and [posaconazole]. Ketoconazole and its predecessor [clotrimazole] continue to be used in topical formulations.
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) is included by {v} (Pharmacologic Class) Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitors
Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitors {u} (Pharmacologic Class) includes {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) is included by {v} (Pharmacologic Class) Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitors
Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitors {u} (Pharmacologic Class) includes {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Endocrine disorder
Endocrine disorder {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) ALDOC
ALDOC {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Ritonavir (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) is included by Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitors (Pharmacologic Class) and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitors (Pharmacologic Class) includes Ketoconazole (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) causes Hypersensitivity (Side Effect) and Hypersensitivity (Side Effect) is caused by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) is included by Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitors (Pharmacologic Class) and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitors (Pharmacologic Class) includes Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) causes Hypersensitivity (Side Effect) and Hypersensitivity (Side Effect) is caused by Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) causes Endocrine disorder (Side Effect) and Endocrine disorder (Side Effect) is caused by Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) regulates ALDOC (Gene) and ALDOC (Gene) is upregulated by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) resembles Atazanavir (Compound) and Atazanavir (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Ketoconazole (Compound)