DDInter554 DDInter1008
Digoxin is one of the oldest cardiovascular medications used today. It is a common agent used to manage atrial fibrillation and the symptoms of heart failure. Digoxin is classified as a cardiac glycoside and was initially approved by the FDA in 1954. This drug originates from the foxglove plant, also known as the _Digitalis_ plant, studied by William Withering, an English physician and botanist in the 1780s.[A178237,A178240] Prior to this, a Welsh family, historically referred to as the _Physicians of Myddvai_, formulated drugs from this plant. They were one of the first to prescribe cardiac glycosides, according to ancient literature dating as early as the 1250s.
Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent used in the prevention and treatment of a variety of fungal infections.[FDA Label] It functions by preventing the synthesis of ergosterol, the fungal equivalent of cholesterol, thereby increasing membrane fluidity and preventing growth of the fungus.[A181802,T116] Ketoconazole was first approved in an oral formulation for systemic use by the FDA in 1981. At this time it was considered a significant improvement over previous antifungals, [miconazole] and [clotrimazole], due to its broad spectrum and good absorption. However, it was discovered that ketoconazole produces frequent gastrointestinal side effects and dose-related hepatitis.[A188054,A188057] These effects combined with waning efficacy led to its eventual replacement by triazole agents, [fluconazole], [itraconazole], [voriconazole], and [posaconazole]. Ketoconazole and its predecessor [clotrimazole] continue to be used in topical formulations.
Digoxin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Digoxin {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) INSIG1
INSIG1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Digoxin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) DDIT4
DDIT4 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Digoxin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Feeling abnormal
Feeling abnormal {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Digoxin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Digoxin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP11A1
CYP11A1 {u} (Gene) interacts with {v} (Gene) CYP11B2
CYP11B2 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Digoxin {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) INSIG1
INSIG1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Digoxin {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) HMGCS1
HMGCS1 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) SLC35F2
SLC35F2 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Digoxin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) DDIT4
DDIT4 {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) ALAS1
ALAS1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Digoxin {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) NPC1
NPC1 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) AR
AR {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Digoxin (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) upregulates INSIG1 (Gene) and INSIG1 (Gene) is upregulated by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) downregulates DDIT4 (Gene) and DDIT4 (Gene) is upregulated by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) causes Feeling abnormal (Side Effect) and Feeling abnormal (Side Effect) is caused by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) binds CYP11A1 (Gene) and CYP11A1 (Gene) interacts with CYP11B2 (Gene) and CYP11B2 (Gene) is bound by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) upregulates INSIG1 (Gene) and INSIG1 (Gene) is upregulated by Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) upregulates HMGCS1 (Gene) and HMGCS1 (Gene) is regulated by SLC35F2 (Gene) and SLC35F2 (Gene) is downregulated by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) downregulates DDIT4 (Gene) and DDIT4 (Gene) regulates ALAS1 (Gene) and ALAS1 (Gene) is upregulated by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) upregulates NPC1 (Gene) and NPC1 (Gene) is regulated by AR (Gene) and AR (Gene) is bound by Ketoconazole (Compound)