DDInter458 DDInter893
Cyclosporine is a calcineurin inhibitor known for its immunomodulatory properties that prevent organ transplant rejection and treat various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. It is isolated from the fungus _Beauveria nivea_. Initially manufactured by Sandoz and approved for use by the FDA in 1983, cyclosporine is now available in various products by Novartis (previously known as Sandoz).[L11097,L3734,L11118]
Hydroxychloroquine is a racemic mixture consisting of an R and S enantiomer. Hydroxychloroquine is an aminoquinoline like [chloroquine]. It is a commonly prescribed medication in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic discoid lupus erythematosus, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Hydroxychloroquine is also used for the prophylaxis of malaria in regions where chloroquine resistance is unlikely. It was developed during World War II as a derivative of [quinacrine] with less severe side effects. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are both being investigated for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. **The FDA emergency use authorization for hydroxychloroquine and [chloroquine] in the treatment of COVID-19 was revoked on 15 June 2020.** Hydroxychloroquine was granted FDA approval on 18 April 1955. A recent study reported a fatality in the group being treated with hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19.
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Hydroxychloroquine
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) TES
TES {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Hydroxychloroquine
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Vomiting
Vomiting {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Hydroxychloroquine
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Chloroquine
Chloroquine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Hydroxychloroquine
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) TES
TES {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Bortezomib
Bortezomib {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Hydroxychloroquine
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Vomiting
Vomiting {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Chloroquine
Chloroquine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Hydroxychloroquine
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Depression
Depression {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Hydroxychloroquine
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hepatocellular injury
Hepatocellular injury {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Bortezomib
Bortezomib {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Hydroxychloroquine
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Leukopenia
Leukopenia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Primaquine
Primaquine {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Hydroxychloroquine
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Amodiaquine
Amodiaquine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Hydroxychloroquine
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Hydroxychloroquine (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) upregulates TES (Gene) and TES (Gene) is downregulated by Hydroxychloroquine (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Vomiting (Side Effect) and Vomiting (Side Effect) is caused by Hydroxychloroquine (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Chloroquine (Compound) and Chloroquine (Compound) resembles Hydroxychloroquine (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) upregulates TES (Gene) and TES (Gene) is upregulated by Bortezomib (Compound) and Bortezomib may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Hydroxychloroquine
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Vomiting (Side Effect) and Vomiting (Side Effect) is caused by Chloroquine (Compound) and Chloroquine (Compound) resembles Hydroxychloroquine (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Depression (Side Effect) and Depression (Side Effect) is caused by Sulfamethoxazole (Compound) and Sulfamethoxazole may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Hydroxychloroquine
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Hepatocellular injury (Side Effect) and Hepatocellular injury (Side Effect) is caused by Bortezomib (Compound) and Bortezomib may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Hydroxychloroquine
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Leukopenia (Side Effect) and Leukopenia (Side Effect) is caused by Primaquine (Compound) and Primaquine may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Hydroxychloroquine
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Amodiaquine (Compound) and Amodiaquine (Compound) resembles Hydroxychloroquine (Compound)