DDInter1008 DDInter170
Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent used in the prevention and treatment of a variety of fungal infections.[FDA Label] It functions by preventing the synthesis of ergosterol, the fungal equivalent of cholesterol, thereby increasing membrane fluidity and preventing growth of the fungus.[A181802,T116] Ketoconazole was first approved in an oral formulation for systemic use by the FDA in 1981. At this time it was considered a significant improvement over previous antifungals, [miconazole] and [clotrimazole], due to its broad spectrum and good absorption. However, it was discovered that ketoconazole produces frequent gastrointestinal side effects and dose-related hepatitis.[A188054,A188057] These effects combined with waning efficacy led to its eventual replacement by triazole agents, [fluconazole], [itraconazole], [voriconazole], and [posaconazole]. Ketoconazole and its predecessor [clotrimazole] continue
Bedaquiline is a bactericidal antimycobacterial drug belonging to the class of diarylquinoline. The quinolinic central heterocyclic nucleus with alcohol and amine side chains is responsible for bedaquiline-mediated antimycobacterial activity. Although it is closely related to fluoroquinolones, bedaquiline does not affect DNA gyrase; instead, bedaquiline inhibits the c subunit of ATP synthase responsible for synthesizing ATP. Consequently, bedaquiline can be used to treat mycobacterial infection, particularly tuberculosis (TB). Although the current standard of TB treatment of anti-TB drugs for 2 months, including 2 key drugs [isoniazid] and [rifampin], is highly effective, the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) to [isoniazid] and [rifampin] has substantially worsened patients outcome. Bedaquiline was approved by the FDA on December 28, 2012, to treat pulmonary MDR-TB, following favorable results in multiple pre-clinical and clinical studies.[A261856,A261861] It is the first drug that was approved in the last 40 years by the FDA for TB unresponsive to current treatments on the market. Currently, bedaquiline is the last-line anti-TB drug and must only be used in an appropriate combination regimen.[L48506,A261866]
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Bedaquiline
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Arrhythmia
Arrhythmia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Bedaquiline
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Orphenadrine
Orphenadrine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Bedaquiline
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Arrhythmia
Arrhythmia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Bedaquiline
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hepatobiliary disease
Hepatobiliary disease {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Metronidazole
Metronidazole {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Bedaquiline
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Headache
Headache {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Bedaquiline
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Bedaquiline
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Metronidazole
Metronidazole {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Bedaquiline
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Nausea
Nausea {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Orphenadrine
Orphenadrine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Bedaquiline
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Arrhythmia
Arrhythmia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Bedaquiline
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Bedaquiline (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Arrhythmia (Side Effect) and Arrhythmia (Side Effect) is caused by Bedaquiline (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Orphenadrine (Compound) and Orphenadrine (Compound) resembles Bedaquiline (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Arrhythmia (Side Effect) and Arrhythmia (Side Effect) is caused by Ibuprofen (Compound) and Ibuprofen may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Bedaquiline
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Hepatobiliary disease (Side Effect) and Hepatobiliary disease (Side Effect) is caused by Metronidazole (Compound) and Metronidazole may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Bedaquiline
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Headache (Side Effect) and Headache (Side Effect) is caused by Diphenhydramine (Compound) and Diphenhydramine (Compound) resembles Bedaquiline (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Bedaquiline (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Metronidazole (Compound) and Metronidazole may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Bedaquiline
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Nausea (Side Effect) and Nausea (Side Effect) is caused by Orphenadrine (Compound) and Orphenadrine (Compound) resembles Bedaquiline (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) causes Arrhythmia (Side Effect) and Arrhythmia (Side Effect) is caused by Bedaquiline (Compound)