DDInter1042 DDInter410
Leuprolide is a synthetic 9-residue peptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Unlike the endogenous decapeptide GnRH, leuprolide contains a single D-amino acid (D-leucyl) residue, which helps to increase its circulating half-life from three to four minutes to approximately three hours. As a GnRH mimic, leuprolide is capable of binding to the GnRH receptor (GnRHR) and inducing downstream modulation of both gonadotropin hormone and sex steroid levels. Prolonged activation of GnRHR results in significant downregulation of sex steroid levels, which is primarily responsible for the clinical efficacy of leuprolide in diverse conditions, including advanced prostate cancer, endometriosis, and central precocious puberty.[A203126, A203132] Leuprolide was first approved in 1985 as a daily subcutaneous injection under the tradename
Clomipramine, the 3-chloro analog of imipramine, is a dibenzazepine-derivative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). TCAs are structurally similar to phenothiazines. They contain a tricyclic ring system with an alkyl amine substituent on the central ring. In non-depressed individuals, clomipramine does not affect mood or arousal, but may cause sedation. In depressed individuals, clomipramine exerts a positive effect on mood. TCAs are potent inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. Tertiary amine TCAs, such as clomipramine, are more potent inhibitors of serotonin reuptake than secondary amine TCAs, such as nortriptyline and desipramine. TCAs also down-regulate cerebral cortical &beta;-adrenergic receptors and sensitize post-synaptic serotonergic receptors with chronic use. The antidepressant effects of TCAs are thought to be due to an overall increase in serotonergic neurotransmission. TCAs also block histamine-H<sub>1</sub> receptors, &alpha;<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors, which accounts for their sedative, hypotensive and anticholinergic effects (e.g. blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention), respectively. See toxicity section below for a complete listing of side effects. Clomipramine may be used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder and disorders with an obsessive-compulsive component (e.g. depression, schizophrenia, Tourette’s disorder). Unlabeled indications include panic disorder, chronic pain (e.g. central pain, idiopathic pain disorder, tension headache, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, neuropathic pain), cataplexy and associated narcolepsy, autistic disorder, trichotillomania, onchophagia, stuttering, premature ejaculation, and premenstrual syndrome. Clomipramine is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.
Clomipramine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Adinazolam
Clomipramine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Thioridazine
Clomipramine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Chlorpheniramine
Clomipramine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Clofedanol
Clomipramine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP1A2
Clomipramine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) TGFBR2
Clomipramine {u} (Compound) palliates {v} (Disease) panic disorder
Clomipramine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Uterine haemorrhage
Clomipramine {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Metronidazole
Clomipramine {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Ammonium chloride
Clomipramine (Compound) resembles Adinazolam (Compound)
Clomipramine (Compound) resembles Thioridazine (Compound)
Clomipramine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Chlorpheniramine
Clomipramine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Clofedanol
Clomipramine (Compound) binds CYP1A2 (Gene)
Clomipramine (Compound) upregulates TGFBR2 (Gene)
Clomipramine (Compound) palliates panic disorder (Disease)
Clomipramine (Compound) causes Uterine haemorrhage (Side Effect)
Clomipramine may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Metronidazole
Clomipramine may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Ammonium chloride