DDInter1607 DDInter1628
Ritonavir is an HIV protease inhibitor that interferes with the reproductive cycle of HIV. Although it was initially developed as an independent antiviral agent, it has been shown to possess advantageous properties in combination regimens with low-dose ritonavir and other protease inhibitors. It is now more commonly used as a booster of other protease inhibitors and is available in both liquid formulations and as capsules. While ritonavir is not an active antiviral agent against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, it is added in combination therapies indicated for the treatment of HCV infections as a booster. Ritonavir is a potent CYP3A inhibitor that increases peak and trough plasma drug concentrations of other protease inhibitors such as and overall drug exposure. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines recommend ritonavir-boosted combination therapies as first-line therapy for HCV Genotype 1a/b and
Ruxolitinib, formerly known as INCB018424 or INC424, is an anticancer drug and a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2, which are tyrosine kinases involved in cytokine signalling and hematopoiesis. Myeloproliferative neoplasms, such as myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera, are often characterized by aberrant activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, leading to abnormal blood cell counts and thrombotic complications. By inhibiting JAK1 and JAK2, ruxolitinib works to block the dysregulated cell signalling pathways and prevents abnormal blood cell proliferation. Due to a large number of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms who have JAK2 mutations, ruxolitinib was the first ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 ever developed. Ruxolitinib was first approved for the treatment of adult patients with myelofibrosis by the FDA in 2011, followed by EMA's approval in 2012. In 2014, it was approved for the treatment of polycythemia vera in adults who have an inadequate response to or are intolerant of [hydroxyurea] and in 2019, ruxolitinib was approved for use in steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease in adults and children. The topical formulation of ruxolitinib is used to treat atopic dermatitis and vitiligo. It is being investigated for other inflammatory skin conditions. Ruxolitinib has been investigated to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) accompanied by severe systemic hyperinflammation. In phase II clinical trials, ruxolitinib improved chest computed tomography and improved recovery in patients with lymphopenia.[A229713, A229718] However, phase III clinical trials later determined that ruxolitinib was inadequate in meeting its primary endpoint of reducing the number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients who experienced severe complications thus the drug was not approved as a treatment for COVID-19.
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Anaemia
Anaemia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is associated with {v} (Disease) hematologic cancer
hematologic cancer {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) NUP88
NUP88 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) AGR2
AGR2 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Disease) hematologic cancer
hematologic cancer {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCG2
ABCG2 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) NUP88
NUP88 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome {u} (Disease) upregulates {v} (Gene) PLK4
PLK4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) AGR2
AGR2 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) IRAK1
IRAK1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C9
CYP2C9 {u} (Gene) interacts with {v} (Gene) MAST1
MAST1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome {u} (Disease) downregulates {v} (Gene) CAMK2G
CAMK2G {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Ritonavir (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) causes Anaemia (Side Effect) and Anaemia (Side Effect) is caused by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is associated with hematologic cancer (Disease) and hematologic cancer (Disease) is treated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) regulates NUP88 (Gene) and NUP88 (Gene) is downregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) upregulates AGR2 (Gene) and AGR2 (Gene) is upregulated by hematologic cancer (Disease) and hematologic cancer (Disease) is treated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) binds ABCG2 (Gene) and ABCG2 (Gene) is regulated by NUP88 (Gene) and NUP88 (Gene) is downregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) treats acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Disease) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Disease) upregulates PLK4 (Gene) and PLK4 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) upregulates AGR2 (Gene) and AGR2 (Gene) is regulated by IRAK1 (Gene) and IRAK1 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) binds CYP2C9 (Gene) and CYP2C9 (Gene) interacts with MAST1 (Gene) and MAST1 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) treats acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Disease) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Disease) downregulates CAMK2G (Gene) and CAMK2G (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)