DDInter1647 DDInter1008
Scopolamine is a tropane alkaloid isolated from members of the _Solanaceae_ family of plants, similar to [atropine] and [hyoscyamine], all of which structurally mimic the natural neurotransmitter [acetylcholine].[A228423, A228763] Scopolamine was first synthesized in 1959, but to date, synthesis remains less efficient than extracting scopolamine from plants. As an acetylcholine analogue, scopolamine can antagonize muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the central nervous system and throughout the body, inducing several therapeutic and adverse effects related to alteration of parasympathetic nervous system and cholinergic signalling.[A228758, L31578] Due to its dose-dependent adverse effects, scopolamine was the first drug to be offered commercially as a transdermal delivery system, Scopoderm TTS®, in 1981.[A228423,
Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent used in the prevention and treatment of a variety of fungal infections.[FDA Label] It functions by preventing the synthesis of ergosterol, the fungal equivalent of cholesterol, thereby increasing membrane fluidity and preventing growth of the fungus.[A181802,T116] Ketoconazole was first approved in an oral formulation for systemic use by the FDA in 1981. At this time it was considered a significant improvement over previous antifungals, [miconazole] and [clotrimazole], due to its broad spectrum and good absorption. However, it was discovered that ketoconazole produces frequent gastrointestinal side effects and dose-related hepatitis.[A188054,A188057] These effects combined with waning efficacy led to its eventual replacement by triazole agents, [fluconazole], [itraconazole], [voriconazole], and [posaconazole]. Ketoconazole and its predecessor [clotrimazole] continue to be used in topical formulations.
Scopolamine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Scopolamine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Feeling abnormal
Feeling abnormal {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Scopolamine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Scopolamine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Feeling abnormal
Feeling abnormal {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Scopolamine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Dry skin
Dry skin {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Scopolamine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Scopolamine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) ALDOC
ALDOC {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Scopolamine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Promethazine
Promethazine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Scopolamine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Promethazine
Promethazine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C9
CYP2C9 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Scopolamine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Eluxadoline
Eluxadoline {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Scopolamine (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Scopolamine (Compound) causes Feeling abnormal (Side Effect) and Feeling abnormal (Side Effect) is caused by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Scopolamine (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Scopolamine (Compound) causes Feeling abnormal (Side Effect) and Feeling abnormal (Side Effect) is caused by Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Scopolamine (Compound) causes Dry skin (Side Effect) and Dry skin (Side Effect) is caused by Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Scopolamine (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Scopolamine (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) regulates ALDOC (Gene) and ALDOC (Gene) is upregulated by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Scopolamine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Promethazine and Promethazine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Posaconazole and Posaconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Scopolamine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Promethazine and Promethazine (Compound) binds CYP2C9 (Gene) and CYP2C9 (Gene) is bound by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Scopolamine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Eluxadoline and Eluxadoline may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Posaconazole and Posaconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)