DDInter1066 DDInter596
Ever since its discovery and availability for sale and use in the late 1940s, lidocaine has become an exceptionally commonly used medication. In particular, lidocaine's principal mode of action in acting as a local anesthetic that numbs the sensations of tissues means the agent is indicated for facilitating local anesthesia for a large variety of surgical procedures [F4349, L5930, L5948]. It ultimately elicits its numbing activity by blocking sodium channels so that the neurons of local tissues that have the medication applied on are transiently incapable of signaling the brain regarding sensations [F4349, L5930, L5948]. In doing so, however, it can block or decrease muscle contractile, resulting in effects like vasodilation, hypotension, and irregular heart rate, among others [F4349, L5930, L5948]. As a result, lidocaine is also considered a class Ib anti-arrhythmic agent [L
Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius along side with daunorubicin, another cytotoxic agent, in 1970.[A1575,A257709,A257614] Although they both have aglyconic and sugar moieties, doxorubicin's side chain terminates with a primary alcohol group compared to the methyl group of daunorubicin. Although its detailed molecular mechanisms have yet to be understood, doxorubicin is generally thought to exert its effect through DNA intercalation, which eventually leads to DNA damage and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Thanks to its efficacy and broad effect, doxorubicin was approved by the FDA in 1974 to treat a variety of cancer, including but not limited to breast, lung, gastric, ovarian, thyroid, non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, sarcoma, and pediatric cancers.[A1573,A257614,L45231] However, one of the major side effects of doxorubicin is cardiotoxicity, which excludes patients with poor heart function and requires treatment termination once the maximally tolerated cumulative dose is reached.
Lidocaine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Lidocaine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Anxiety
Anxiety {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Lidocaine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Lidocaine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2B6
CYP2B6 {u} (Gene) covaries with {v} (Gene) ACADS
ACADS {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Lidocaine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Anxiety
Anxiety {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Lidocaine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ropivacaine
Ropivacaine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Lidocaine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is associated with {v} (Disease) ovarian cancer
ovarian cancer {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Lidocaine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Mepivacaine
Mepivacaine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) GPER1
GPER1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Lidocaine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Levobupivacaine
Levobupivacaine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Urine abnormality
Urine abnormality {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Lidocaine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Disease) and {u} (Disease) associated with {v} (Gene) kidney cancer
kidney cancer {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Lidocaine (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Lidocaine (Compound) causes Anxiety (Side Effect) and Anxiety (Side Effect) is caused by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Lidocaine (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Daunorubicin (Compound) and Daunorubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Lidocaine (Compound) binds CYP2B6 (Gene) and CYP2B6 (Gene) covaries with ACADS (Gene) and ACADS (Gene) is upregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Lidocaine (Compound) causes Anxiety (Side Effect) and Anxiety (Side Effect) is caused by Daunorubicin (Compound) and Daunorubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Lidocaine (Compound) resembles Ropivacaine (Compound) and Ropivacaine (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Lidocaine (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is associated with ovarian cancer (Disease) and ovarian cancer (Disease) is treated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Lidocaine (Compound) resembles Mepivacaine (Compound) and Mepivacaine (Compound) upregulates GPER1 (Gene) and GPER1 (Gene) is upregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Lidocaine (Compound) resembles Levobupivacaine (Compound) and Levobupivacaine (Compound) causes Urine abnormality (Side Effect) and Urine abnormality (Side Effect) is caused by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Lidocaine (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is downregulated by kidney cancer (Disease) and ABCB1 (Disease) associated with kidney cancer (Gene) and kidney cancer (Disease) is treated by Doxorubicin (Compound)