DDInter458 DDInter826
Cyclosporine is a calcineurin inhibitor known for its immunomodulatory properties that prevent organ transplant rejection and treat various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. It is isolated from the fungus _Beauveria nivea_. Initially manufactured by Sandoz and approved for use by the FDA in 1983, cyclosporine is now available in various products by Novartis (previously known as Sandoz).[L11097,L3734,L11118]
Glipizide is an oral hypoglycemic agent in the second-generation sulfonylurea drug class that is used to control blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was first introduced in 1984 and is available in various countries including Canada and the U.S. According to the 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines by Diabetes Canada, sulfonylurea drugs are considered a second-line glucose-lowering therapy following metformin. Because sulfonylureas require functional pancreatic beta cells for their therapeutic effectiveness, sulfonylureas are more commonly used for early-stage type 2 diabetes when there is no progressed pancreatic failure. Compared to the first-generation sulfonylureas, such as [tolbutamide] and [chlorpropamide], second-generation sulfonylureas contain a more non-polar side chain in their chemical structure, which enhances their hypoglycemic potency. Compared to other members of the sulfonylurea drug group, glipizide displays rapid absorption and onset of action with the shortest half-life and duration of action, reducing the risk for long-lasting hypoglycemia that is often observed with blood glucose-lowering agents. Glipizide was first approved by the FDA in 1994 and is available in extended-release tablets under the brand name Glucotrol®, as well as in combination with metformin under the brand name Metaglip®.
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Glipizide
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) CNPY3
CNPY3 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Glipizide
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) PCNA
PCNA {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Glipizide
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) TM9SF3
TM9SF3 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Glipizide
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Abnormal vision
Abnormal vision {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Glipizide
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Glyburide
Glyburide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Glipizide
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) CNPY3
CNPY3 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Tolbutamide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Glipizide
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) PCNA
PCNA {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) PPARG
PPARG {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Glipizide
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) TM9SF3
TM9SF3 {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) PCNA
PCNA {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Glipizide
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Abnormal vision
Abnormal vision {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Gliclazide
Gliclazide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Glipizide
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Glipizide (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) upregulates CNPY3 (Gene) and CNPY3 (Gene) is upregulated by Glipizide (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates PCNA (Gene) and PCNA (Gene) is downregulated by Glipizide (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) upregulates TM9SF3 (Gene) and TM9SF3 (Gene) is downregulated by Glipizide (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Abnormal vision (Side Effect) and Abnormal vision (Side Effect) is caused by Glipizide (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Glyburide (Compound) and Glyburide (Compound) resembles Glipizide (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) upregulates CNPY3 (Gene) and CNPY3 (Gene) is upregulated by Tolbutamide (Compound) and Tolbutamide (Compound) resembles Glipizide (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates PCNA (Gene) and PCNA (Gene) is regulated by PPARG (Gene) and PPARG (Gene) is bound by Glipizide (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) upregulates TM9SF3 (Gene) and TM9SF3 (Gene) regulates PCNA (Gene) and PCNA (Gene) is downregulated by Glipizide (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Abnormal vision (Side Effect) and Abnormal vision (Side Effect) is caused by Gliclazide (Compound) and Gliclazide (Compound) resembles Glipizide (Compound)