DDInter458 DDInter1460
Cyclosporine is a calcineurin inhibitor known for its immunomodulatory properties that prevent organ transplant rejection and treat various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. It is isolated from the fungus _Beauveria nivea_. Initially manufactured by Sandoz and approved for use by the FDA in 1983, cyclosporine is now available in various products by Novartis (previously known as Sandoz).[L11097,L3734,L11118]
Phenytoin is classified as a hydantoin derivative and despite its narrow therapeutic index, it is one of the most commonly used anticonvulsants.[A33595,A188832,A189219] Since it's introduction about 80 years ago, phenytoin has not only been established as an effective anti-epileptic, but has also been investigated for several other indications such as bipolar disorder, retina protection, and wound healing.[A188826,A188832] Clinicians are advised to initiate therapeutic drug monitoring in patients who require phenytoin since even small deviations from the recommended therapeutic range can lead to suboptimal treatment, or adverse effects.[A189219,A35884] Both parenteral and oral formulations of phenytoin are available on the market.
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C8
CYP2C8 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Phenytoin
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) ZDHHC6
ZDHHC6 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Phenytoin
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hodgkin's disease lymphocyte depletion type stage unspecified
Hodgkin's disease lymphocyte depletion type stage unspecified {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Phenytoin
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C8
CYP2C8 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Primidone
Primidone {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Phenytoin
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C19
CYP2C19 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Modafinil
Modafinil {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Phenytoin
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) ZDHHC6
ZDHHC6 {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) LPL
LPL {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Phenytoin
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hodgkin's disease lymphocyte depletion type stage unspecified
Hodgkin's disease lymphocyte depletion type stage unspecified {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Thalidomide
Thalidomide {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Phenytoin
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Modafinil
Modafinil {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Phenytoin
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Fluid retention
Fluid retention {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Carbamazepine
Carbamazepine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Phenytoin
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Traumatic liver injury
Traumatic liver injury {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Clopidogrel
Clopidogrel {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Phenytoin
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds CYP2C8 (Gene) and CYP2C8 (Gene) is bound by Phenytoin (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates ZDHHC6 (Gene) and ZDHHC6 (Gene) is downregulated by Phenytoin (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Hodgkin's disease lymphocyte depletion type stage unspecified (Side Effect) and Hodgkin's disease lymphocyte depletion type stage unspecified (Side Effect) is caused by Phenytoin (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds CYP2C8 (Gene) and CYP2C8 (Gene) is bound by Primidone (Compound) and Primidone (Compound) resembles Phenytoin (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds CYP2C19 (Gene) and CYP2C19 (Gene) is bound by Modafinil (Compound) and Modafinil (Compound) resembles Phenytoin (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates ZDHHC6 (Gene) and ZDHHC6 (Gene) regulates LPL (Gene) and LPL (Gene) is upregulated by Phenytoin (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Hodgkin's disease lymphocyte depletion type stage unspecified (Side Effect) and Hodgkin's disease lymphocyte depletion type stage unspecified (Side Effect) is caused by Thalidomide (Compound) and Thalidomide may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Phenytoin
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Osteoarthritis (Side Effect) and Osteoarthritis (Side Effect) is caused by Modafinil (Compound) and Modafinil (Compound) resembles Phenytoin (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Fluid retention (Side Effect) and Fluid retention (Side Effect) is caused by Carbamazepine (Compound) and Carbamazepine (Compound) resembles Phenytoin (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Traumatic liver injury (Side Effect) and Traumatic liver injury (Side Effect) is caused by Clopidogrel (Compound) and Clopidogrel may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Phenytoin