DDInter1666 DDInter107
In eliciting its mechanism of action, sildenafil ultimately prevents or minimizes the breakdown of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) by inhibiting cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) [F3850, F3853, F3856, F3859, F3883, F3886, L5611, L5614]. The result of doing so allows cGMP present in both the penis and pulmonary vasculature to elicit smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation that subsequently facilitates relief in pulmonary arterial hypertension and the increased flow of blood into the spongy erectile tissue of the penis that consequently allows it to grow in size and become erect and rigid [F3850, F3853, F3856, F3859, F3883, F3886, L5611, L5614]. Interestingly enough, it is precisely via this mechanism why sildenafil was at first researched as a potential treatment
Apalutamide is a potent androgen receptor (AR) antagonist that selectively binds to the ligand-binding domain of AR and blocks AR nuclear translocation or binding to androgen response elements . It has been used in trials studying the treatment of Prostate Cancer, Hepatic Impairment, Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, and Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant, among others. Exerting an antitumor action, apalutamide blocking the effect of androgens that promote tumor growth. It targets the AR ligand-binding domain and prevents AR nuclear translocation, DNA binding, and transcription of AR gene targets in prostate tumors . In mice bearing human CRPC xenograft models, apalutamide treatment produced tumor regressions in a dose-dependent manner that was more effective than that of or . Unlike bicalutamide, apalutamide antagonized AR-mediated signaling in AR overexpressing human CRPC cell lines . Androgen-deprivation therapy, or hormone therapy, can be used as part of maintenance therapy for patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer. Although most patients achieve therapeutic responses at the initial hormone therapy, many patients progress to non-metastatic castration-resistant (resistance to hormone therapy) prostate cancer which is the second-most common cause of cancer-related deaths in American males . Castration-resistant prostate cancer is often incurable, which poses significant clinical challenges for patients. Approximately 10 to 20 % of prostate cancer cases are castration-resistant, and up to 16% of these patients show no evidence of cancer metastasis at the time of castration-resistant diagnosis . Higher prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and shorter PSA doubling time (PSA DT) are associated with a higher risk for metastases and death . In a phase-2 multicenter open-label study, 89% of patients with non-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer had ≥50% PSA decline at week 12 of apalutamide treatment . In a randomized trial, the median metastasis-free survival for patients taking apalutamide was 40.5 months compared to 16.2 months for patients taking a placebo . Apalutamide displayed good tolerability and safety profile in clinical studies. Apalutamide was approved in February 2018 by the FDA as Erleada for the treatment of patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer that is resistant to treatment with hormone therapy (castration-resistant). It is available as oral tablets. Apalutamide is the first FDA-approved treatment for non-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer .
Sildenafil {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Vardenafil
Vardenafil {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Sildenafil {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Udenafil
Udenafil {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Vardenafil
Vardenafil {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Sildenafil {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Vardenafil
Vardenafil {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Metronidazole
Metronidazole {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Sildenafil {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP1A1
CYP1A1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Warfarin
Warfarin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Sildenafil {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Vardenafil
Vardenafil {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Fluconazole
Fluconazole {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Sildenafil {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP1A1
CYP1A1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Bisacodyl
Bisacodyl {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Sildenafil {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Vardenafil
Vardenafil {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Bisacodyl
Bisacodyl {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Sildenafil {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Clozapine
Clozapine {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Sildenafil {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Lidocaine
Lidocaine {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Sildenafil {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Vardenafil
Vardenafil {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Clarithromycin
Clarithromycin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Sildenafil (Compound) resembles Vardenafil (Compound) and Vardenafil may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Apalutamide
Sildenafil (Compound) resembles Udenafil (Compound) and Udenafil (Compound) resembles Vardenafil (Compound) and Vardenafil may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Apalutamide
Sildenafil (Compound) resembles Vardenafil (Compound) and Vardenafil may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Metronidazole and Metronidazole may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Apalutamide
Sildenafil (Compound) binds CYP1A1 (Gene) and CYP1A1 (Gene) is bound by Warfarin (Compound) and Warfarin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Apalutamide
Sildenafil (Compound) resembles Vardenafil (Compound) and Vardenafil may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Fluconazole and Fluconazole may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Apalutamide
Sildenafil (Compound) binds CYP1A1 (Gene) and CYP1A1 (Gene) is upregulated by Bisacodyl (Compound) and Bisacodyl may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Apalutamide
Sildenafil (Compound) resembles Vardenafil (Compound) and Vardenafil may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Bisacodyl and Bisacodyl may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Apalutamide
Sildenafil (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Clozapine (Compound) and Clozapine may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Apalutamide
Sildenafil (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Lidocaine (Compound) and Lidocaine may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Apalutamide
Sildenafil (Compound) resembles Vardenafil (Compound) and Vardenafil may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Clarithromycin and Clarithromycin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Apalutamide