DDInter223 DDInter998
Bosentan is a dual endothelin receptor antagonist marketed under the trade name Tracleer by Actelion Pharmaceuticals. Bosentan is used to treat pulmonary hypertension by blocking the action of endothelin molecules that would otherwise promote narrowing of the blood vessels and lead to high blood pressure.
Ivermectin is a semi-synthetic antiparasitic medication derived from avermectins, a class of highly-active broad-spectrum antiparasitic agents isolated from the fermentation products of _Streptomyces avermitilis_. Ivermectin itself is a mixture of two avermectins, comprising roughly 90% 5-O-demethyl-22,23-dihydroavermectin A<sub>1a</sub> (22,23-dihydroavermectin B<sub>1a</sub>) and 10% 5-O-demethyl-25-de(1-methylpropyl)-22,23-dihydro­-25-(1-methylethyl)avermectin A<sub>1a</sub> (22,23-dihydroavermectin B<sub>1b</sub>). Ivermectin is mainly used in humans in the treatment of onchocerciasis, but may also be effective against other worm infestations (such as strongyloidiasis, ascariasis, trichuriasis and enterobiasis). Applied topically, it may be used in the treatment of head lice infestation. With the advent of 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic, ivermectin began garnering notoriety due to its off-label use for the prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19. While studies are still ongoing, much of the evidence for ivermectin in COVID-19 relies on pre-print _in vitro_ data, and the clinical utility of this data remains unclear. Due to a number of factors - for example, the relatively low number of patients per trial and the speed at which these trials were conducted - studies on the use of ivermectin in COVID-19 have been fraught with statistical errors and accusations of plagiarism.[L36763,A238929] In addition, the use of aggregate patient data in large-scale meta-analyses (as opposed to individual patient data (IPD)) has been shown to disguise otherwise blatant data errors, such as extreme terminal digit bias and the duplication of blocks of patient records. Until high-quality, peer-reviewed data regarding both the safety and efficacy of ivermectin for COVID-19 in humans becomes available, the use of ivermectin for these purposes should be avoided in favour of thoroughly-vetted therapies (e.g. COVID-19 vaccines like [Comirnaty](https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB15696)).
Bosentan {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ivermectin
Bosentan {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Eosinophilia
Eosinophilia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ivermectin
Bosentan {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) interacts with {v} (Gene) PGRMC1
PGRMC1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ivermectin
Bosentan {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) EDNRB
EDNRB {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) MTHFD2
MTHFD2 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ivermectin
Bosentan {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB11
ABCB11 {u} (Gene) interacts with {v} (Gene) HAX1
HAX1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ivermectin
Bosentan {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) PSMB8
PSMB8 {u} (Gene) interacts with {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ivermectin
Bosentan {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Lidocaine
Lidocaine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ivermectin
Bosentan {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) PSMB8
PSMB8 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) IKBKB
IKBKB {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ivermectin
Bosentan {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Bortezomib
Bortezomib {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) TRIB1
TRIB1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ivermectin
Bosentan {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Lidocaine
Lidocaine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) CCDC86
CCDC86 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ivermectin
Bosentan (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Ivermectin (Compound)
Bosentan (Compound) causes Eosinophilia (Side Effect) and Eosinophilia (Side Effect) is caused by Ivermectin (Compound)
Bosentan (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) interacts with PGRMC1 (Gene) and PGRMC1 (Gene) is downregulated by Ivermectin (Compound)
Bosentan (Compound) binds EDNRB (Gene) and EDNRB (Gene) regulates MTHFD2 (Gene) and MTHFD2 (Gene) is upregulated by Ivermectin (Compound)
Bosentan (Compound) binds ABCB11 (Gene) and ABCB11 (Gene) interacts with HAX1 (Gene) and HAX1 (Gene) is upregulated by Ivermectin (Compound)
Bosentan (Compound) downregulates PSMB8 (Gene) and PSMB8 (Gene) interacts with ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Ivermectin (Compound)
Bosentan may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Lidocaine and Lidocaine (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Ivermectin (Compound)
Bosentan (Compound) downregulates PSMB8 (Gene) and PSMB8 (Gene) is regulated by IKBKB (Gene) and IKBKB (Gene) is upregulated by Ivermectin (Compound)
Bosentan may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Bortezomib and Bortezomib (Compound) upregulates TRIB1 (Gene) and TRIB1 (Gene) is upregulated by Ivermectin (Compound)
Bosentan may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Lidocaine and Lidocaine (Compound) downregulates CCDC86 (Gene) and CCDC86 (Gene) is downregulated by Ivermectin (Compound)