DDInter1008 DDInter1055
Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent used in the prevention and treatment of a variety of fungal infections.[FDA Label] It functions by preventing the synthesis of ergosterol, the fungal equivalent of cholesterol, thereby increasing membrane fluidity and preventing growth of the fungus.[A181802,T116] Ketoconazole was first approved in an oral formulation for systemic use by the FDA in 1981. At this time it was considered a significant improvement over previous antifungals, [miconazole] and [clotrimazole], due to its broad spectrum and good absorption. However, it was discovered that ketoconazole produces frequent gastrointestinal side effects and dose-related hepatitis.[A188054,A188057] These effects combined with waning efficacy led to its eventual replacement by triazole agents, [fluconazole], [itraconazole], [voriconazole], and [posaconazole]. Ketoconazole and its predecessor [clotrimazole] continue
Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic and the optical S-(-) isomer of racemic [ofloxacin]. It reportedly carries 8 to 128-fold more activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria compared to R-(+)-ofloxacin and remains stereochemically stable following administration (i.e. it does not invert to the inactive isomer). Levofloxacin, along with other quinolones such as [gatifloxacin] and [moxifloxacin], is a member of the third generation of fluoroquinolones, colloquially referred to as the "respiratory quinolones" due to improved activity against gram-positive bacteria commonly implicated in respiratory infections.[A31453,A190756] Levofloxacin was first approved by the FDA in 1996, and was approved in Canada and several South American countries soon after.
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Levofloxacin
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) ALAS1
ALAS1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Levofloxacin
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Erythema
Erythema {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Levofloxacin
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Levofloxacin
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) ALAS1
ALAS1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ofloxacin
Ofloxacin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Levofloxacin
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Erythema
Erythema {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Levofloxacin
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Levofloxacin
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Sparfloxacin
Sparfloxacin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Levofloxacin
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) ALAS1
ALAS1 {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) SELL
SELL {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Levofloxacin
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Alopecia
Alopecia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Sparfloxacin
Sparfloxacin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Levofloxacin
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Levofloxacin (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) upregulates ALAS1 (Gene) and ALAS1 (Gene) is downregulated by Levofloxacin (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Erythema (Side Effect) and Erythema (Side Effect) is caused by Levofloxacin (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Ciprofloxacin (Compound) and Ciprofloxacin (Compound) resembles Levofloxacin (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) upregulates ALAS1 (Gene) and ALAS1 (Gene) is downregulated by Ofloxacin (Compound) and Ofloxacin (Compound) resembles Levofloxacin (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Erythema (Side Effect) and Erythema (Side Effect) is caused by Ciprofloxacin (Compound) and Ciprofloxacin (Compound) resembles Levofloxacin (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Levofloxacin (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Sparfloxacin (Compound) and Sparfloxacin (Compound) resembles Levofloxacin (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) upregulates ALAS1 (Gene) and ALAS1 (Gene) regulates SELL (Gene) and SELL (Gene) is upregulated by Levofloxacin (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Alopecia (Side Effect) and Alopecia (Side Effect) is caused by Sparfloxacin (Compound) and Sparfloxacin (Compound) resembles Levofloxacin (Compound)