DDInter1008 DDInter1934
Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent used in the prevention and treatment of a variety of fungal infections.[FDA Label] It functions by preventing the synthesis of ergosterol, the fungal equivalent of cholesterol, thereby increasing membrane fluidity and preventing growth of the fungus.[A181802,T116] Ketoconazole was first approved in an oral formulation for systemic use by the FDA in 1981. At this time it was considered a significant improvement over previous antifungals, [miconazole] and [clotrimazole], due to its broad spectrum and good absorption. However, it was discovered that ketoconazole produces frequent gastrointestinal side effects and dose-related hepatitis.[A188054,A188057] These effects combined with waning efficacy led to its eventual replacement by triazole agents, [fluconazole], [itraconazole], [voriconazole], and [posaconazole]. Ketoconazole and its predecessor [clotrimazole] continue
Vilanterol is a selective long-acting β2-adrenergic agonist (LABA) with inherent 24-hour activity for the once-daily treatment of COPD and asthma. This is in response to the need for longer-acting β2-adrenergic agonists to overcome poor patient compliance (due to the frequency of dosing regimens or complexities of drug administration). Vilanterol was designed based on the salmeterol molecular scaffold, particularly as a antedrug analog of salmeterol modification by modifying the salmeterol molecule to create homochiral compounds with the (R)-configuration. Vilanterol is 1000 and 400 fold more selective for β2 than β1 and β3 adrenoceptors, respectively, with a faster onset of action than salmeterol. Additionally, vilanterol demonstrated a significantly longer duration of action than salmeterol, with the bronchodilator effect still apparent at 22h. Vilanterol's pharmacological effect is attributable to stimulation of intracellular adenylyl cyclase which catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increases in cyclic AMP are associated with the relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibition of the release of hypersensitivity mediators from mast cells in the lungs.[A7738,A259961] Vilanterol is approved for use in several combination products such as with [fluticasone furoate] under the tradename BREO ELLIPTA, with [umeclidinium bromide] as ANORO ELLIPTA, and with both [fluticasone furoate] and [umeclidinium bromide] under the trade name TRELEGY ELLIPTA.[L46481,L44461,L44456] BREO ELLIPTA is the first vilanterol-containing product to be approved by the FDA in May 2013, followed by ANORO ELLIPTA in December 2013 and TRELEGY ELLIPTA in September 2020.[L46876,L46881,L46886] Although all 3 products are approved for the maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), only TRELEGY ELLIPTA and BREO ELLIPTA are approved for maintenance treatments of asthma in patients aged 18 years and older and 5 years and older respectively.[L46481,L44461,L44456]
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Vilanterol
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Vilanterol
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Vilanterol
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Betamethasone
Betamethasone {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Vilanterol
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Ciclesonide
Ciclesonide {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Vilanterol
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C9
CYP2C9 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Nilotinib
Nilotinib {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Vilanterol
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Triamcinolone
Triamcinolone {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Vilanterol
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP1A1
CYP1A1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Carvedilol
Carvedilol {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Vilanterol
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Encorafenib
Encorafenib {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Vilanterol
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Vandetanib
Vandetanib {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Vilanterol
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Vilanterol
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) resembles Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Vilanterol
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Dexamethasone and Dexamethasone may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Vilanterol
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Betamethasone (Compound) and Betamethasone may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Vilanterol
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Ciclesonide and Ciclesonide may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Vilanterol
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP2C9 (Gene) and CYP2C9 (Gene) is bound by Nilotinib (Compound) and Nilotinib may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Vilanterol
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Triamcinolone and Triamcinolone may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Vilanterol
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP1A1 (Gene) and CYP1A1 (Gene) is bound by Carvedilol (Compound) and Carvedilol may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Vilanterol
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Encorafenib and Encorafenib may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Vilanterol
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Vandetanib and Vandetanib may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Vilanterol