DDInter150 DDInter1901
Azathioprine is a prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine, first synthesized in 1956 by Gertrude Elion, William Lange, and George Hitchings in an attempt to produce a derivative of 6-mercaptopurine with a better therapeutic index.[A189678,A189687,A189690] Azathioprine is used to treat inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and as an immunosuppressant in the prevention of renal transplant rejection. Azathiprine was granted FDA approval on 20 March 1968.
Upadacitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK)1-selective inhibitor and a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis to slow down disease progression. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting the peripheral joints. It is characterized by synovial inflammation and hyperplasia, autoantibody production, cartilage damage and bone destruction, leading to co-morbidities. Despite a variety of therapeutic agents available for treatment, up to 40% of the patients do not respond to current therapies, including biological therapies. The etiology of the disease is mostly unknown; however, the role of JAK as a driver of immune-mediated conditions was discovered, leading to the use of JAK as therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis. To reduce dose-related toxicity (as seen with some pan-JAK inhibitors) without significantly affecting efficacy, more selective JAK1 inhibitors, upadacitinib and [filgotinib], were developed. The FDA approved upadacitinib in August 2019 and it is used for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, atopic dermatitis, ulcerative colitis, and ankylosing spondylitis. In December 2019, it was additionally approved by the European Commission and Health Canada.[L10899,L42540] Upadacitinib is marketed under the brand name RINVOQ for oral administration.
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Adenine
Adenine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Tioguanine
Tioguanine {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Upadacitinib
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) systemic lupus erythematosus
systemic lupus erythematosus {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Mycophenolate mofetil
Mycophenolate mofetil {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Upadacitinib
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) multiple sclerosis
multiple sclerosis {u} (Disease) is palliated by {v} (Compound) Modafinil
Modafinil {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Upadacitinib
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) HPRT1
HPRT1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Upadacitinib
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) GSTA2
GSTA2 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Vitamin E
Vitamin E {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Upadacitinib
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) HPRT1
HPRT1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ponatinib
Ponatinib {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Upadacitinib
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) TPMT
TPMT {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Topotecan
Topotecan {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Upadacitinib
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) NUCB2
NUCB2 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Dasatinib
Dasatinib {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Upadacitinib
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) multiple sclerosis
multiple sclerosis {u} (Disease) is palliated by {v} (Compound) Carbamazepine
Carbamazepine {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Upadacitinib
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) NUCB2
NUCB2 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Dabrafenib
Dabrafenib {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Upadacitinib
Azathioprine (Compound) resembles Adenine (Compound) and Adenine (Compound) resembles Tioguanine (Compound) and Tioguanine may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Upadacitinib
Azathioprine (Compound) treats systemic lupus erythematosus (Disease) and systemic lupus erythematosus (Disease) is treated by Mycophenolate mofetil (Compound) and Mycophenolate mofetil may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Upadacitinib
Azathioprine (Compound) treats multiple sclerosis (Disease) and multiple sclerosis (Disease) is palliated by Modafinil (Compound) and Modafinil may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Upadacitinib
Azathioprine (Compound) binds HPRT1 (Gene) and HPRT1 (Gene) is bound by Mercaptopurine (Compound) and Mercaptopurine may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Upadacitinib
Azathioprine (Compound) binds GSTA2 (Gene) and GSTA2 (Gene) is bound by Vitamin E (Compound) and Vitamin E may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Upadacitinib
Azathioprine (Compound) binds HPRT1 (Gene) and HPRT1 (Gene) is downregulated by Ponatinib (Compound) and Ponatinib may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Upadacitinib
Azathioprine (Compound) binds TPMT (Gene) and TPMT (Gene) is upregulated by Topotecan (Compound) and Topotecan may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Upadacitinib
Azathioprine (Compound) upregulates NUCB2 (Gene) and NUCB2 (Gene) is upregulated by Dasatinib (Compound) and Dasatinib may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Upadacitinib
Azathioprine (Compound) treats multiple sclerosis (Disease) and multiple sclerosis (Disease) is palliated by Carbamazepine (Compound) and Carbamazepine may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Upadacitinib
Azathioprine (Compound) upregulates NUCB2 (Gene) and NUCB2 (Gene) is upregulated by Dabrafenib (Compound) and Dabrafenib may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Upadacitinib