DDInter458 DDInter1828
Cyclosporine is a calcineurin inhibitor known for its immunomodulatory properties that prevent organ transplant rejection and treat various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. It is isolated from the fungus _Beauveria nivea_. Initially manufactured by Sandoz and approved for use by the FDA in 1983, cyclosporine is now available in various products by Novartis (previously known as Sandoz).[L11097,L3734,L11118]
Tolbutamide is an oral antihyperglycemic agent used for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It is structurally similar to acetohexamide, chlorpropamide and tolazamide and belongs to the sulfonylurea class of insulin secretagogues, which act by stimulating β cells of the pancreas to release insulin. Sulfonylureas increase both basal insulin secretion and meal-stimulated insulin release. Medications in this class differ in their dose, rate of absorption, duration of action, route of elimination and binding site on their target pancreatic β cell receptor. Sulfonylureas also increase peripheral glucose utilization, decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis and may increase the number and sensitivity of insulin receptors. Sulfonylureas are associated with weight gain, though less so than insulin. Due to their mechanism of action, sulfonylureas may cause hypoglycemia and require consistent food intake to decrease this risk. The risk of hypoglycemia is increased in elderly, debilitated and malnourished individuals. Tolbutamide appears to be metabolized in the liver. Tolbutamide and its metabolites are excreted in urine (75-85%) and feces.
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C19
CYP2C19 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) RBKS
RBKS {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) SUV39H1
SUV39H1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) CCDC86
CCDC86 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) RPN1
RPN1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hypoglycaemia
Hypoglycaemia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C19
CYP2C19 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Probenecid
Probenecid {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Tolbutamide
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C9
CYP2C9 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Glipizide
Glipizide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) RBKS
RBKS {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) SATB1
SATB1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) SUV39H1
SUV39H1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Trimipramine
Trimipramine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Tolbutamide
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds CYP2C19 (Gene) and CYP2C19 (Gene) is bound by Tolbutamide (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) upregulates RBKS (Gene) and RBKS (Gene) is upregulated by Tolbutamide (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates SUV39H1 (Gene) and SUV39H1 (Gene) is upregulated by Tolbutamide (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates CCDC86 (Gene) and CCDC86 (Gene) is downregulated by Tolbutamide (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) upregulates RPN1 (Gene) and RPN1 (Gene) is downregulated by Tolbutamide (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Hypoglycaemia (Side Effect) and Hypoglycaemia (Side Effect) is caused by Tolbutamide (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds CYP2C19 (Gene) and CYP2C19 (Gene) is bound by Probenecid (Compound) and Probenecid may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Tolbutamide
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds CYP2C9 (Gene) and CYP2C9 (Gene) is bound by Glipizide (Compound) and Glipizide (Compound) resembles Tolbutamide (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) upregulates RBKS (Gene) and RBKS (Gene) is regulated by SATB1 (Gene) and SATB1 (Gene) is upregulated by Tolbutamide (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates SUV39H1 (Gene) and SUV39H1 (Gene) is upregulated by Trimipramine (Compound) and Trimipramine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Tolbutamide