DDInter150 DDInter33
Azathioprine is a prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine, first synthesized in 1956 by Gertrude Elion, William Lange, and George Hitchings in an attempt to produce a derivative of 6-mercaptopurine with a better therapeutic index.[A189678,A189687,A189690] Azathioprine is used to treat inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and as an immunosuppressant in the prevention of renal transplant rejection. Azathiprine was granted FDA approval on 20 March 1968.
Aflibercept is a recombinant protein composed of the binding domains of two human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, fused with the Fc region of human immunoglobulin gamma 1 (IgG1). Structurally, Aflibercept is a dimeric glycoprotein with a protein molecular weight of 96.9 kilo Daltons (kDa). It contains approximately 15% glycosylation to give a total molecular weight of 115 kDa. All five putative N-glycosylation sites on each polypeptide chain predicted by the primary sequence can be occupied with carbohydrates and exhibit some degree of chain heterogeneity, including heterogeneity in terminal sialic acid residues, except at the single unsialylated site associated with the Fc domain.[A261281,A261286] Due to the 2 fused VEGFR, aflibercept has a higher affinity to the cognate ligands than the endogenous individual receptor. However, it lacks the intracellular structure to propagate subsequent signal transduction, thus essentially sequestering the ligands to prevent activation of VEGFR.[A261130,L47915] Ziv-aflibercept, under the brand name Zaltrap, was developed as an intravenous injection for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, and it was approved by the FDA and EMA in August 2012 and February 2013, respectively.[L47966,L47971] The intravitreal formulation, under the brand name EYELEA, was approved by the FDA for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants in February 2023 and for the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, and diabetic retinopathy in August 2023. An aflibercept biosimilar, Yesafili, was approved for use in the EU in September 2023.
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) is included by {v} (Pharmacologic Class) Nucleoside Analog
Nucleoside Analog {u} (Pharmacologic Class) includes {v} (Compound) Zidovudine
Zidovudine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Aflibercept
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Dizziness
Dizziness {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Zidovudine
Zidovudine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Aflibercept
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Toxic epidermal necrolysis {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Cladribine
Cladribine {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Aflibercept
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Nausea
Nausea {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Radium Ra 223 dichloride
Radium Ra 223 dichloride {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Aflibercept
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) COL11A1
COL11A1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Topotecan
Topotecan {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Aflibercept
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) TPMT
TPMT {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Topotecan
Topotecan {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Aflibercept
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) SUZ12
SUZ12 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Topotecan
Topotecan {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Aflibercept
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) PLK1
PLK1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Cladribine
Cladribine {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Aflibercept
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) GTPBP8
GTPBP8 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Topotecan
Topotecan {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Aflibercept
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) multiple sclerosis
multiple sclerosis {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Cladribine
Cladribine {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Aflibercept
Azathioprine (Compound) is included by Nucleoside Analog (Pharmacologic Class) and Nucleoside Analog (Pharmacologic Class) includes Zidovudine (Compound) and Zidovudine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Aflibercept
Azathioprine (Compound) causes Dizziness (Side Effect) and Dizziness (Side Effect) is caused by Zidovudine (Compound) and Zidovudine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Aflibercept
Azathioprine (Compound) causes Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Side Effect) and Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Side Effect) is caused by Cladribine (Compound) and Cladribine may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Aflibercept
Azathioprine (Compound) causes Nausea (Side Effect) and Nausea (Side Effect) is caused by Radium Ra 223 dichloride (Compound) and Radium Ra 223 dichloride may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Aflibercept
Azathioprine (Compound) upregulates COL11A1 (Gene) and COL11A1 (Gene) is upregulated by Topotecan (Compound) and Topotecan may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Aflibercept
Azathioprine (Compound) binds TPMT (Gene) and TPMT (Gene) is upregulated by Topotecan (Compound) and Topotecan may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Aflibercept
Azathioprine (Compound) downregulates SUZ12 (Gene) and SUZ12 (Gene) is downregulated by Topotecan (Compound) and Topotecan may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Aflibercept
Azathioprine (Compound) downregulates PLK1 (Gene) and PLK1 (Gene) is downregulated by Cladribine (Compound) and Cladribine may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Aflibercept
Azathioprine (Compound) upregulates GTPBP8 (Gene) and GTPBP8 (Gene) is downregulated by Topotecan (Compound) and Topotecan may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Aflibercept
Azathioprine (Compound) treats multiple sclerosis (Disease) and multiple sclerosis (Disease) is treated by Cladribine (Compound) and Cladribine may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Aflibercept