DDInter596 DDInter107
Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius along side with daunorubicin, another cytotoxic agent, in 1970.[A1575,A257709,A257614] Although they both have aglyconic and sugar moieties, doxorubicin's side chain terminates with a primary alcohol group compared to the methyl group of daunorubicin. Although its detailed molecular mechanisms have yet to be understood, doxorubicin is generally thought to exert its effect through DNA intercalation, which eventually leads to DNA damage and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Thanks to its efficacy and broad effect, doxorubicin was approved by the FDA in 1974 to treat a variety of cancer, including but not limited to breast, lung, gastric, ovarian, thyroid, non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myel
Apalutamide is a potent androgen receptor (AR) antagonist that selectively binds to the ligand-binding domain of AR and blocks AR nuclear translocation or binding to androgen response elements . It has been used in trials studying the treatment of Prostate Cancer, Hepatic Impairment, Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, and Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant, among others. Exerting an antitumor action, apalutamide blocking the effect of androgens that promote tumor growth. It targets the AR ligand-binding domain and prevents AR nuclear translocation, DNA binding, and transcription of AR gene targets in prostate tumors . In mice bearing human CRPC xenograft models, apalutamide treatment produced tumor regressions in a dose-dependent manner that was more effective than that of or . Unlike bicalutamide, apalutamide antagonized AR-mediated signaling in AR overexpressing human CRPC cell lines . Androgen-deprivation therapy, or hormone therapy, can be used as part of maintenance therapy for patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer. Although most patients achieve therapeutic responses at the initial hormone therapy, many patients progress to non-metastatic castration-resistant (resistance to hormone therapy) prostate cancer which is the second-most common cause of cancer-related deaths in American males . Castration-resistant prostate cancer is often incurable, which poses significant clinical challenges for patients. Approximately 10 to 20 % of prostate cancer cases are castration-resistant, and up to 16% of these patients show no evidence of cancer metastasis at the time of castration-resistant diagnosis . Higher prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and shorter PSA doubling time (PSA DT) are associated with a higher risk for metastases and death . In a phase-2 multicenter open-label study, 89% of patients with non-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer had ≥50% PSA decline at week 12 of apalutamide treatment . In a randomized trial, the median metastasis-free survival for patients taking apalutamide was 40.5 months compared to 16.2 months for patients taking a placebo . Apalutamide displayed good tolerability and safety profile in clinical studies. Apalutamide was approved in February 2018 by the FDA as Erleada for the treatment of patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer that is resistant to treatment with hormone therapy (castration-resistant). It is available as oral tablets. Apalutamide is the first FDA-approved treatment for non-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer .
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Metronidazole
Metronidazole {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Eplerenone
Eplerenone {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Idarubicin
Idarubicin {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Metronidazole
Metronidazole {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Epirubicin
Epirubicin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Polatuzumab vedotin
Polatuzumab vedotin {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) USP22
USP22 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Eplerenone
Eplerenone {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Fluconazole
Fluconazole {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Upper respiratory tract infection
Upper respiratory tract infection {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Eplerenone
Eplerenone {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) USP22
USP22 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Fluconazole
Fluconazole {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Clomipramine
Clomipramine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Apalutamide
Doxorubicin (Compound) resembles Daunorubicin (Compound) and Daunorubicin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Apalutamide
Doxorubicin (Compound) resembles Daunorubicin (Compound) and Daunorubicin may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Metronidazole and Metronidazole may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Apalutamide
Doxorubicin (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Eplerenone (Compound) and Eplerenone may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Apalutamide
Doxorubicin (Compound) resembles Idarubicin (Compound) and Idarubicin may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Metronidazole and Metronidazole may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Apalutamide
Doxorubicin (Compound) resembles Epirubicin (Compound) and Epirubicin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Polatuzumab vedotin and Polatuzumab vedotin may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Apalutamide
Doxorubicin (Compound) downregulates USP22 (Gene) and USP22 (Gene) is downregulated by Eplerenone (Compound) and Eplerenone may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Apalutamide
Doxorubicin (Compound) resembles Daunorubicin (Compound) and Daunorubicin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Fluconazole and Fluconazole may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Apalutamide
Doxorubicin (Compound) causes Upper respiratory tract infection (Side Effect) and Upper respiratory tract infection (Side Effect) is caused by Eplerenone (Compound) and Eplerenone may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Apalutamide
Doxorubicin (Compound) downregulates USP22 (Gene) and USP22 (Gene) is downregulated by Fluconazole (Compound) and Fluconazole may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Apalutamide
Doxorubicin (Compound) resembles Daunorubicin (Compound) and Daunorubicin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Clomipramine and Clomipramine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Apalutamide