DDInter1928 DDInter596
Verapamil is a phenylalkylamine calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of high blood pressure, heart arrhythmias, and angina, and was the first calcium channel antagonist to be introduced into therapy in the early 1960s. It is a member of the non-dihydropyridine class of calcium channel blockers, which includes drugs like [diltiazem] and [flunarizine], but is chemically unrelated to other cardioactive medications. Verapamil is administered as a racemic mixture containing equal amounts of the S- and R-enantiomer, each of which is pharmacologically distinct - the S-enantiomer carries approximately 20-fold greater potency than the R-enantiomer, but is metabolized at a higher rate.
Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius along side with daunorubicin, another cytotoxic agent, in 1970.[A1575,A257709,A257614] Although they both have aglyconic and sugar moieties, doxorubicin's side chain terminates with a primary alcohol group compared to the methyl group of daunorubicin. Although its detailed molecular mechanisms have yet to be understood, doxorubicin is generally thought to exert its effect through DNA intercalation, which eventually leads to DNA damage and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Thanks to its efficacy and broad effect, doxorubicin was approved by the FDA in 1974 to treat a variety of cancer, including but not limited to breast, lung, gastric, ovarian, thyroid, non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, sarcoma, and pediatric cancers.[A1573,A257614,L45231] However, one of the major side effects of doxorubicin is cardiotoxicity, which excludes patients with poor heart function and requires treatment termination once the maximally tolerated cumulative dose is reached.
Verapamil {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Verapamil {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Verapamil {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) SESN1
SESN1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Verapamil {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Anaphylactic shock
Anaphylactic shock {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Verapamil {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCC10
ABCC10 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) and {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Verapamil {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Valrubicin
Valrubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Verapamil {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Idarubicin
Idarubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) and {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Verapamil {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Verapamil {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2B6
CYP2B6 {u} (Gene) covaries with {v} (Gene) ACADS
ACADS {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Verapamil {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCC3
ABCC3 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Disease) kidney cancer
kidney cancer {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Verapamil may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Daunorubicin and Daunorubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Verapamil (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Verapamil (Compound) upregulates SESN1 (Gene) and SESN1 (Gene) is upregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Verapamil (Compound) causes Anaphylactic shock (Side Effect) and Anaphylactic shock (Side Effect) is caused by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Verapamil (Compound) binds ABCC10 (Gene) and ABCC10 (Gene) is bound by Doxorubicin (Compound) and ABCC10 (Gene) is upregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Verapamil may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Daunorubicin and Daunorubicin (Compound) resembles Valrubicin (Compound) and Valrubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Verapamil may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Idarubicin and Idarubicin (Compound) resembles Daunorubicin (Compound) and Idarubicin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Daunorubicin and Daunorubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Verapamil (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Daunorubicin (Compound) and Daunorubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Verapamil (Compound) binds CYP2B6 (Gene) and CYP2B6 (Gene) covaries with ACADS (Gene) and ACADS (Gene) is upregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Verapamil (Compound) binds ABCC3 (Gene) and ABCC3 (Gene) is upregulated by kidney cancer (Disease) and kidney cancer (Disease) is treated by Doxorubicin (Compound)