DDInter336 DDInter1607
Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) which is known for its decreased risk of causing gastrointestinal bleeding compared to other NSAIDS. It is used to manage symptoms of various types of arthritis pain and in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) to reduce precancerous polyps in the colon. It is marketed by Pfizer under the brand name Celebrex, and was initially granted FDA approval in 1998. Interestingly, selective COX-2 inhibitors (especially celecoxib), have been evaluated as potential cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic drugs in clinical trials for a variety of malignancies.
Ritonavir is an HIV protease inhibitor that interferes with the reproductive cycle of HIV. Although it was initially developed as an independent antiviral agent, it has been shown to possess advantageous properties in combination regimens with low-dose ritonavir and other protease inhibitors. It is now more commonly used as a booster of other protease inhibitors and is available in both liquid formulations and as capsules. While ritonavir is not an active antiviral agent against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, it is added in combination therapies indicated for the treatment of HCV infections as a booster. Ritonavir is a potent CYP3A inhibitor that increases peak and trough plasma drug concentrations of other protease inhibitors such as and overall drug exposure. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines recommend ritonavir-boosted combination therapies as first-line therapy for HCV Genotype 1a/b and 4 treatment-naïve patients with or without cirrhosis. Ritonavir is found in a fixed-dose combination product with , , and as the FDA-approved product Viekira Pak. First approved in December 2014, Viekira Pak is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis, and when combined with Ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis. Ritonavir is also available as a fixed-dose combination product with and as the FDA- and Health Canada-approved product Technivie. First approved in July 2015, Technivie is indicated in combination with Ribavirin for the treatment of patients with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis. In Canada, ritonavir is also available as a fixed-dose combination product with , , and as the Health Canada-approved, commercially available product Holkira Pak. First approved in January 2015, Holkira Pak is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b with or without cirrhosis, and when combined with Ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a with or without cirrhosis. The inclusion of ritonavir can select for HIV-1 protease inhibitor resistance-associated substitutions. Any HCV/HIV-1 co-infected patients treated with ritonavir-containing combination therapies should also be on a suppressive antiretroviral drug regimen to reduce the risk of HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance. Ritonavir is combined with other drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients at risk for progressing into a severe form of the disease, such as [nirmatrelvir].
Celecoxib {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Celecoxib {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Celecoxib {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Celecoxib {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Lopinavir
Lopinavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Celecoxib {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Palpitations
Palpitations {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Celecoxib {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Sulfaphenazole
Sulfaphenazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2B6
CYP2B6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Celecoxib {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Etoricoxib
Etoricoxib {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Celecoxib {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ALB
ALB {u} (Gene) is associated with {v} (Disease) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Celecoxib {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) MAPK14
MAPK14 {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) VPS28
VPS28 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Celecoxib {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) PTGS2
PTGS2 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) VPS28
VPS28 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Celecoxib (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Ritonavir (Compound)
Celecoxib (Compound) causes Myocardial infarction (Side Effect) and Myocardial infarction (Side Effect) is caused by Ritonavir (Compound)
Celecoxib (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Atazanavir (Compound) and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Celecoxib (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Lopinavir (Compound) and Lopinavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Celecoxib (Compound) causes Palpitations (Side Effect) and Palpitations (Side Effect) is caused by Atazanavir (Compound) and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Celecoxib (Compound) resembles Sulfaphenazole (Compound) and Sulfaphenazole (Compound) binds CYP2B6 (Gene) and CYP2B6 (Gene) is bound by Ritonavir (Compound)
Celecoxib (Compound) resembles Etoricoxib (Compound) and Etoricoxib (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Ritonavir (Compound)
Celecoxib (Compound) binds ALB (Gene) and ALB (Gene) is associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Disease) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Disease) is treated by Ritonavir (Compound)
Celecoxib (Compound) binds MAPK14 (Gene) and MAPK14 (Gene) regulates VPS28 (Gene) and VPS28 (Gene) is downregulated by Ritonavir (Compound)
Celecoxib (Compound) binds PTGS2 (Gene) and PTGS2 (Gene) is regulated by VPS28 (Gene) and VPS28 (Gene) is downregulated by Ritonavir (Compound)