DDInter679 DDInter1008
Estradiol is a naturally occurring hormone circulating endogenously in females. It is commercially available in several hormone therapy products for managing conditions associated with reduced estrogen, such as vulvovaginal atrophy and hot flashes. Some available forms of estradiol include oral tablets, injections, vaginal rings, transdermal patches, sprays, gels, and creams.[L11485,L11488,L11491, L11494,L11497,L11500,L11503] When used for oral or IM administration, estradiol is commonly synthesized as a pro-drug ester (such as,,,, and ). Because it has a low oral bioavailability on its own, estradiol is commonly formulated with an ester side-chain. (EE) is a synthetic form of estradiol commonly used as the estrogenic component of most combination oral contraceptive pills (OCPs). Ethinyl estradiol is different from estradiol due to its higher
Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent used in the prevention and treatment of a variety of fungal infections.[FDA Label] It functions by preventing the synthesis of ergosterol, the fungal equivalent of cholesterol, thereby increasing membrane fluidity and preventing growth of the fungus.[A181802,T116] Ketoconazole was first approved in an oral formulation for systemic use by the FDA in 1981. At this time it was considered a significant improvement over previous antifungals, [miconazole] and [clotrimazole], due to its broad spectrum and good absorption. However, it was discovered that ketoconazole produces frequent gastrointestinal side effects and dose-related hepatitis.[A188054,A188057] These effects combined with waning efficacy led to its eventual replacement by triazole agents, [fluconazole], [itraconazole], [voriconazole], and [posaconazole]. Ketoconazole and its predecessor [clotrimazole] continue to be used in topical formulations.
Estradiol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Estradiol {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) SLC2A6
SLC2A6 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Estradiol {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Estradiol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Estradiol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) AR
AR {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) NPC1
NPC1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Estradiol {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) SLC2A6
SLC2A6 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) FDFT1
FDFT1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Estradiol {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) ALAS1
ALAS1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Econazole
Econazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Estradiol {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Estradiol {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Eye irritation
Eye irritation {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Estradiol {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) FAM69A
FAM69A {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Estradiol (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Estradiol (Compound) downregulates SLC2A6 (Gene) and SLC2A6 (Gene) is upregulated by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Estradiol (Compound) causes Hypersensitivity (Side Effect) and Hypersensitivity (Side Effect) is caused by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Estradiol (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Estradiol (Compound) binds AR (Gene) and AR (Gene) regulates NPC1 (Gene) and NPC1 (Gene) is upregulated by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Estradiol (Compound) downregulates SLC2A6 (Gene) and SLC2A6 (Gene) is regulated by FDFT1 (Gene) and FDFT1 (Gene) is upregulated by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Estradiol (Compound) downregulates ALAS1 (Gene) and ALAS1 (Gene) is upregulated by Econazole (Compound) and Econazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Estradiol (Compound) causes Hypersensitivity (Side Effect) and Hypersensitivity (Side Effect) is caused by Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Estradiol (Compound) causes Eye irritation (Side Effect) and Eye irritation (Side Effect) is caused by Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Estradiol (Compound) downregulates FAM69A (Gene) and FAM69A (Gene) is downregulated by Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)