DDInter576 DDInter1479
A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Pitavastatin, also known as the brand name product Livalo, is a lipid-lowering drug belonging to the statin class of medications. By inhibiting the endogenous production of cholesterol within the liver, statins lower abnormal cholesterol and lipid levels and ultimately reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. More specifically, statin medications competitively inhibit the enzyme hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) Reductase, which catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid. This is the third step in a sequence of metabolic reactions involved in the production of several compounds involved in lipid metabolism and transport including cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (sometimes referred to as "bad cholesterol"), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Prescribing of statin medications is considered standard practice following any cardiovascular events and for people with a moderate to high risk of development of CVD, such as those with Type 2 Diabetes. The clear evidence of the benefit of statin use coupled with very minimal side effects or long term effects has resulted in this class becoming one of the most widely prescribed medications in North America.[A181087, A181406] Pitavastatin and other drugs from the statin class of medications including [atorvastatin], [pravastatin], [rosuvastatin], [fluvastatin], and [lovastatin] are considered first-line options for the treatment of dyslipidemia.[A181087, A181406] Increasing use of the statin class of drugs is largely due to the fact that cardiovascular disease (CVD), which includes heart attack, atherosclerosis, angina, peripheral artery disease, and stroke, has become a leading cause of death in high-income countries and a major cause of morbidity around the world. Elevated cholesterol levels, and in particular, elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, are an important risk factor for the development of CVD.[A181087,A181553] Use of statins to target and reduce LDL levels has been shown in a number of landmark studies to significantly reduce the risk of development of CVD and all-cause mortality.[A181090,A181093,A181096,A181427,A181475,A181538] Statins are considered a cost-effective treatment option for CVD due to their evidence of reducing all-cause mortality including fatal and non-fatal CVD as well as the need for surgical revascularization or angioplasty following a heart attack.[A181087, A181406] Evidence has shown that even for low-risk individuals (with <10% risk of a major vascular event occurring within 5 years) statins cause a 20%-22% relative reduction in major cardiovascular events (heart attack, stroke, coronary revascularization, and coronary death) for every 1 mmol/L reduction in LDL without any significant side effects or risks.[A181397, A181403] While all statin medications are considered equally effective from a clinical standpoint, [rosuvastatin] is considered the most potent; doses of 10 to 40mg [rosuvastatin] per day were found in clinical studies to result in a 45.8% to 54.6% decrease in LDL cholesterol levels.[A181409,A181535,A181538,A1793] Study data has confirmed that pitavastatin's potency in lowering LDL-C is comparable to that of other statins but also has increased efficacy in increasing HDL-C (also known as "good cholesterol").[A182000,A182003,A182006] Despite these differences in potency, several trials have demonstrated only minimal differences in terms of clinical outcomes between statins.[A181538, A181427]
Disulfiram {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C9
CYP2C9 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Pitavastatin
Disulfiram {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) SPAG4
SPAG4 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Pitavastatin
Disulfiram {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) DDB2
DDB2 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Pitavastatin
Disulfiram {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) PLK1
PLK1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Pitavastatin
Disulfiram {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) FHL2
FHL2 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Pitavastatin
Disulfiram {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hepatitis
Hepatitis {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Pitavastatin
Disulfiram {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C9
CYP2C9 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Fluvastatin
Fluvastatin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Pitavastatin
Disulfiram {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) SPAG4
SPAG4 {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) SYNGR3
SYNGR3 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Pitavastatin
Disulfiram {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) ABHD4
ABHD4 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) FAS
FAS {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Pitavastatin
Disulfiram {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) CDKN1A
CDKN1A {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Fluvastatin
Fluvastatin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Pitavastatin
Disulfiram (Compound) binds CYP2C9 (Gene) and CYP2C9 (Gene) is bound by Pitavastatin (Compound)
Disulfiram (Compound) upregulates SPAG4 (Gene) and SPAG4 (Gene) is upregulated by Pitavastatin (Compound)
Disulfiram (Compound) downregulates DDB2 (Gene) and DDB2 (Gene) is upregulated by Pitavastatin (Compound)
Disulfiram (Compound) downregulates PLK1 (Gene) and PLK1 (Gene) is downregulated by Pitavastatin (Compound)
Disulfiram (Compound) upregulates FHL2 (Gene) and FHL2 (Gene) is downregulated by Pitavastatin (Compound)
Disulfiram (Compound) causes Hepatitis (Side Effect) and Hepatitis (Side Effect) is caused by Pitavastatin (Compound)
Disulfiram (Compound) binds CYP2C9 (Gene) and CYP2C9 (Gene) is bound by Fluvastatin (Compound) and Fluvastatin (Compound) resembles Pitavastatin (Compound)
Disulfiram (Compound) upregulates SPAG4 (Gene) and SPAG4 (Gene) regulates SYNGR3 (Gene) and SYNGR3 (Gene) is upregulated by Pitavastatin (Compound)
Disulfiram (Compound) upregulates ABHD4 (Gene) and ABHD4 (Gene) is regulated by FAS (Gene) and FAS (Gene) is upregulated by Pitavastatin (Compound)
Disulfiram (Compound) upregulates CDKN1A (Gene) and CDKN1A (Gene) is upregulated by Fluvastatin (Compound) and Fluvastatin (Compound) resembles Pitavastatin (Compound)