DDInter1928 DDInter734
Verapamil is a phenylalkylamine calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of high blood pressure, heart arrhythmias, and angina, and was the first calcium channel antagonist to be introduced into therapy in the early 1960s. It is a member of the non-dihydropyridine class of calcium channel blockers, which includes drugs like [diltiazem] and [flunarizine], but is chemically unrelated to other cardioactive medications. Verapamil is administered as a racemic mixture containing equal amounts of the S- and R-enantiomer, each of which is pharmacologically distinct - the S-enantiomer carries approximately 20-fold greater potency than the R-enantiomer, but is metabolized at a higher rate.
Fidaxomicin is a novel macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of diarrhea caused by _Clostridioides_ (formerly _Clostridium_) _difficile_ in adult and pediatric patients over the age of 6 months. Fidaxomicin is a naturally-occurring 18-member macrocycle derived from fermentation. Because fidaxomicin contains an 18-membered lactone ring in its structure, it is referred to as a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic drug. The antibacterial activity of fidaxomicin is distinct from macrolides and rifamycins, as the bactericidal activity is time-dependent, and not concentration-dependent. Fidaxomicin was the first macrocyclic lactone antibiotic with activity against _C. difficile_, and it displays a narrow spectrum of activity against gram-positive anaerobes. It mediates its potent bactericidal action on the bacteria by inhibiting the bacterial RNA synthase, thereby disrupting bacterial transcription. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC<sub>90</sub>) for fidaxomicin is four times less than that of [vancomycin], which was the primary drug of choice for _C. difficile_ infection before the approval of fidaxomicin. Unlike vancomycin, however, fidaxomicin has a negligible effect on normal colonic microflora. The FDA initially approved fidaxomicin in May 2011 for the treatment of _C. difficile_-associated diarrhea in adult patients over the age of 18. Later that year in December, the drug was also approved by the European Medicine Agency. In June 2012, fidaxomicin was also granted approval by Health Canada. The approved indication of fidaxomicin was expanded by the FDA in January 2020 to include pediatric patients over the age of 6 months in the treatment population.
Verapamil {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Verapamil {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Rash
Rash {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Verapamil {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Clarithromycin
Clarithromycin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Verapamil {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Clarithromycin
Clarithromycin {u} (Compound) is included by {v} (Pharmacologic Class) Macrolides
Macrolides {u} (Pharmacologic Class) includes {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Verapamil {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Sirolimus
Sirolimus {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Flatulence
Flatulence {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Verapamil {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Toremifene
Toremifene {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Verapamil {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Toremifene
Toremifene {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Nervous system disorder
Nervous system disorder {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Verapamil {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Loperamide
Loperamide {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Verapamil {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Loperamide
Loperamide {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Flatulence
Flatulence {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Verapamil {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Simvastatin
Simvastatin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Verapamil (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Verapamil (Compound) causes Rash (Side Effect) and Rash (Side Effect) is caused by Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Verapamil may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Clarithromycin and Clarithromycin (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Verapamil may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Clarithromycin and Clarithromycin (Compound) is included by Macrolides (Pharmacologic Class) and Macrolides (Pharmacologic Class) includes Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Verapamil may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Sirolimus and Sirolimus (Compound) causes Flatulence (Side Effect) and Flatulence (Side Effect) is caused by Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Verapamil may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Toremifene and Toremifene (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Verapamil may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Toremifene and Toremifene (Compound) causes Nervous system disorder (Side Effect) and Nervous system disorder (Side Effect) is caused by Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Verapamil may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Loperamide and Loperamide (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Verapamil may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Loperamide and Loperamide (Compound) causes Flatulence (Side Effect) and Flatulence (Side Effect) is caused by Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Verapamil may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Simvastatin and Simvastatin (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Fidaxomicin (Compound)