DDInter1042 DDInter802
Leuprolide is a synthetic 9-residue peptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Unlike the endogenous decapeptide GnRH, leuprolide contains a single D-amino acid (D-leucyl) residue, which helps to increase its circulating half-life from three to four minutes to approximately three hours. As a GnRH mimic, leuprolide is capable of binding to the GnRH receptor (GnRHR) and inducing downstream modulation of both gonadotropin hormone and sex steroid levels. Prolonged activation of GnRHR results in significant downregulation of sex steroid levels, which is primarily responsible for the clinical efficacy of leuprolide in diverse conditions, including advanced prostate cancer, endometriosis, and central precocious puberty.[A203126, A203132] Leuprolide was first approved in 1985 as a daily subcutaneous injection under the tradename
Galantamine is a tertiary alkaloid and reversible, competitive inhibitor of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme, which is a widely studied therapeutic target used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. First characterized in the early 1950s, galantamine is a tertiary alkaloid that was extracted from botanical sources, such as _Galanthus nivalis_. Galantamine was first studied in paralytic and neuropathic conditions, such as myopathies and postpolio paralytic conditions, and for reversal of neuromuscular blockade.[A182993,A201968] Following the discovery of its AChE-inhibiting properties, the cognitive effects of galantamine were studied in a wide variety of psychiatric disorders such as mild cognitive impairment, cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and autism; however, re-development of the drug for Alzheimer’s disease did not commence until the early 1990s due to difficulties in extraction and synthesis. Galantamine blocks the breakdown of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, thereby increasing acetylcholine neurotransmission. It also acts as an allosteric modulator of the nicotinic receptor, giving its dual mechanism of action clinical significance. The drug was approved by the FDA in 2001 for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type. As Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, galantamine is not known to alter the course of the underlying dementing process. Galantamine works to block the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, thereby enhancing cholinergic neuron function and signalling. Under this hypothesized mechanism of action, the therapeutic effects of galantamine may decrease as the disease progression advances and fewer cholinergic neurons remain functionally intact. It is therefore not considered to be a disease-modifying drug. Galantamine is marketed under the brand name Razadyne, and is available as oral immediate- and extended-release tablets and solution.
Galantamine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Dihydrocodeine
Galantamine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Codeine
Galantamine {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) Alzheimer's disease
Galantamine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CHRND
Galantamine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) HERC6
Galantamine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) MBOAT7
Galantamine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hypotension
Galantamine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Hyoscyamine
Galantamine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Cyclizine
Galantamine {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Bupropion
Galantamine (Compound) resembles Dihydrocodeine (Compound)
Galantamine (Compound) resembles Codeine (Compound)
Galantamine (Compound) treats Alzheimer's disease (Disease)
Galantamine (Compound) binds CHRND (Gene)
Galantamine (Compound) upregulates HERC6 (Gene)
Galantamine (Compound) downregulates MBOAT7 (Gene)
Galantamine (Compound) causes Hypotension (Side Effect)
Galantamine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Hyoscyamine
Galantamine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Cyclizine
Galantamine may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Bupropion