DDInter596 DDInter1628
Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius along side with daunorubicin, another cytotoxic agent, in 1970.[A1575,A257709,A257614] Although they both have aglyconic and sugar moieties, doxorubicin's side chain terminates with a primary alcohol group compared to the methyl group of daunorubicin. Although its detailed molecular mechanisms have yet to be understood, doxorubicin is generally thought to exert its effect through DNA intercalation, which eventually leads to DNA damage and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Thanks to its efficacy and broad effect, doxorubicin was approved by the FDA in 1974 to treat a variety of cancer, including but not limited to breast, lung, gastric, ovarian, thyroid, non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myel
Ruxolitinib, formerly known as INCB018424 or INC424, is an anticancer drug and a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2, which are tyrosine kinases involved in cytokine signalling and hematopoiesis. Myeloproliferative neoplasms, such as myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera, are often characterized by aberrant activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, leading to abnormal blood cell counts and thrombotic complications. By inhibiting JAK1 and JAK2, ruxolitinib works to block the dysregulated cell signalling pathways and prevents abnormal blood cell proliferation. Due to a large number of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms who have JAK2 mutations, ruxolitinib was the first ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 ever developed. Ruxolitinib was first approved for the treatment of adult patients with myelofibrosis by the FDA in 2011, followed by EMA's approval in 2012. In 2014, it was approved for the treatment of polycythemia vera in adults who have an inadequate response to or are intolerant of [hydroxyurea] and in 2019, ruxolitinib was approved for use in steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease in adults and children. The topical formulation of ruxolitinib is used to treat atopic dermatitis and vitiligo. It is being investigated for other inflammatory skin conditions. Ruxolitinib has been investigated to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) accompanied by severe systemic hyperinflammation. In phase II clinical trials, ruxolitinib improved chest computed tomography and improved recovery in patients with lymphopenia.[A229713, A229718] However, phase III clinical trials later determined that ruxolitinib was inadequate in meeting its primary endpoint of reducing the number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients who experienced severe complications thus the drug was not approved as a treatment for COVID-19.
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) hematologic cancer
hematologic cancer {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) PLK4
PLK4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) PHKG2
PHKG2 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) FOXJ3
FOXJ3 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) KIAA0753
KIAA0753 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) BLCAP
BLCAP {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) PRAF2
PRAF2 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Anaemia
Anaemia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) DYRK1A
DYRK1A {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) and {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Doxorubicin (Compound) treats hematologic cancer (Disease) and hematologic cancer (Disease) is treated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Doxorubicin (Compound) downregulates PLK4 (Gene) and PLK4 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Doxorubicin (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Doxorubicin (Compound) upregulates PHKG2 (Gene) and PHKG2 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Doxorubicin (Compound) downregulates FOXJ3 (Gene) and FOXJ3 (Gene) is upregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Doxorubicin (Compound) upregulates KIAA0753 (Gene) and KIAA0753 (Gene) is upregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Doxorubicin (Compound) downregulates BLCAP (Gene) and BLCAP (Gene) is downregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Doxorubicin (Compound) upregulates PRAF2 (Gene) and PRAF2 (Gene) is downregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Doxorubicin (Compound) causes Anaemia (Side Effect) and Anaemia (Side Effect) is caused by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Doxorubicin (Compound) downregulates DYRK1A (Gene) and DYRK1A (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound) and DYRK1A (Gene) is upregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)