DDInter1841 DDInter596
Tramadol is a centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic and SNRI (serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake-inhibitor) that is structurally related to [codeine] and [morphine]. Due to its good tolerability profile and multimodal mechanism of action, tramadol is generally considered a lower-risk opioid option for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. It is considered a Step 2 option on the World Health Organization's pain ladder and has about 1/10th of the potency of [morphine]. Tramadol differs from other traditional opioid medications in that it doesn't just act as a μ-opioid agonist, but also affects monoamines by modulating the effects of neurotransmitters involved in the modulation of pain such as serotonin and norepinpehrine which activate descending pain inhibitory pathways. Tramadol's effects on serotonin and norepinephrine mimic the effects of other SNRI antidepressants such as [dul
Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius along side with daunorubicin, another cytotoxic agent, in 1970.[A1575,A257709,A257614] Although they both have aglyconic and sugar moieties, doxorubicin's side chain terminates with a primary alcohol group compared to the methyl group of daunorubicin. Although its detailed molecular mechanisms have yet to be understood, doxorubicin is generally thought to exert its effect through DNA intercalation, which eventually leads to DNA damage and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Thanks to its efficacy and broad effect, doxorubicin was approved by the FDA in 1974 to treat a variety of cancer, including but not limited to breast, lung, gastric, ovarian, thyroid, non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, sarcoma, and pediatric cancers.[A1573,A257614,L45231] However, one of the major side effects of doxorubicin is cardiotoxicity, which excludes patients with poor heart function and requires treatment termination once the maximally tolerated cumulative dose is reached.
Tramadol {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Tramadol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2B6
CYP2B6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Tramadol {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) PAK1
PAK1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Tramadol {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) RBM34
RBM34 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Tramadol {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Urine abnormality
Urine abnormality {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Tramadol {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Valrubicin
Valrubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Tramadol {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Idarubicin
Idarubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) and {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Tramadol {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Epirubicin
Epirubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) and {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Tramadol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2B6
CYP2B6 {u} (Gene) covaries with {v} (Gene) ACADS
ACADS {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Tramadol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Idarubicin
Idarubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Tramadol may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Daunorubicin and Daunorubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Tramadol (Compound) binds CYP2B6 (Gene) and CYP2B6 (Gene) is bound by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Tramadol (Compound) upregulates PAK1 (Gene) and PAK1 (Gene) is upregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Tramadol (Compound) downregulates RBM34 (Gene) and RBM34 (Gene) is downregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Tramadol (Compound) causes Urine abnormality (Side Effect) and Urine abnormality (Side Effect) is caused by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Tramadol may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Daunorubicin and Daunorubicin (Compound) resembles Valrubicin (Compound) and Valrubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Tramadol may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Idarubicin and Idarubicin (Compound) resembles Daunorubicin (Compound) and Idarubicin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Daunorubicin and Daunorubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Tramadol may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Epirubicin and Epirubicin (Compound) resembles Daunorubicin (Compound) and Epirubicin may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Daunorubicin and Daunorubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Tramadol (Compound) binds CYP2B6 (Gene) and CYP2B6 (Gene) covaries with ACADS (Gene) and ACADS (Gene) is upregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Tramadol (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Idarubicin (Compound) and Idarubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)