DDInter1088 DDInter596
Loperamide is an anti-diarrheal agent that is available as various over-the-counter products for treating diarrhea. The drug was first synthesized in 1969 and used medically in 1976. It is a highly lipophilic synthetic phenylpiperidine opioid that is structurally similar to opiate receptor agonists such as [diphenoxylate] and [haloperidol]. Due to pharmacological properties, loperamide has been misused and abused to self-manage opioid withdrawal symptoms and to induce euphoria.[A251610, A251625] However, loperamide is associated with a risk for experiencing a range of adverse effects, often life-threatening, if taking for non-therapeutic reasons or at doses higher than the recommended dose.
Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius along side with daunorubicin, another cytotoxic agent, in 1970.[A1575,A257709,A257614] Although they both have aglyconic and sugar moieties, doxorubicin's side chain terminates with a primary alcohol group compared to the methyl group of daunorubicin. Although its detailed molecular mechanisms have yet to be understood, doxorubicin is generally thought to exert its effect through DNA intercalation, which eventually leads to DNA damage and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Thanks to its efficacy and broad effect, doxorubicin was approved by the FDA in 1974 to treat a variety of cancer, including but not limited to breast, lung, gastric, ovarian, thyroid, non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, sarcoma, and pediatric cancers.[A1573,A257614,L45231] However, one of the major side effects of doxorubicin is cardiotoxicity, which excludes patients with poor heart function and requires treatment termination once the maximally tolerated cumulative dose is reached.
Loperamide {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Loperamide {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Idarubicin
Idarubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Loperamide {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Loperamide {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) DHCR7
DHCR7 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Loperamide {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) SREBF2
SREBF2 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Loperamide {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) DRAP1
DRAP1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Loperamide {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) IFRD2
IFRD2 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Loperamide {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) DDIT4
DDIT4 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Loperamide {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Anaphylactic shock
Anaphylactic shock {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Loperamide {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Valrubicin
Valrubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Loperamide may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Daunorubicin and Daunorubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Loperamide may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Idarubicin and Idarubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Loperamide (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Loperamide (Compound) upregulates DHCR7 (Gene) and DHCR7 (Gene) is bound by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Loperamide (Compound) upregulates SREBF2 (Gene) and SREBF2 (Gene) is upregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Loperamide (Compound) downregulates DRAP1 (Gene) and DRAP1 (Gene) is upregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Loperamide (Compound) downregulates IFRD2 (Gene) and IFRD2 (Gene) is downregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Loperamide (Compound) upregulates DDIT4 (Gene) and DDIT4 (Gene) is downregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Loperamide (Compound) causes Anaphylactic shock (Side Effect) and Anaphylactic shock (Side Effect) is caused by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Loperamide may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Daunorubicin and Daunorubicin (Compound) resembles Valrubicin (Compound) and Valrubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)