DDInter554 DDInter1628
Digoxin is one of the oldest cardiovascular medications used today. It is a common agent used to manage atrial fibrillation and the symptoms of heart failure. Digoxin is classified as a cardiac glycoside and was initially approved by the FDA in 1954. This drug originates from the foxglove plant, also known as the _Digitalis_ plant, studied by William Withering, an English physician and botanist in the 1780s.[A178237,A178240] Prior to this, a Welsh family, historically referred to as the _Physicians of Myddvai_, formulated drugs from this plant. They were one of the first to prescribe cardiac glycosides, according to ancient literature dating as early as the 1250s.
Ruxolitinib, formerly known as INCB018424 or INC424, is an anticancer drug and a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2, which are tyrosine kinases involved in cytokine signalling and hematopoiesis. Myeloproliferative neoplasms, such as myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera, are often characterized by aberrant activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, leading to abnormal blood cell counts and thrombotic complications. By inhibiting JAK1 and JAK2, ruxolitinib works to block the dysregulated cell signalling pathways and prevents abnormal blood cell proliferation. Due to a large number of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms who have JAK2 mutations, ruxolitinib was the first ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 ever developed. Ruxolitinib was first approved for the treatment of adult patients with myelofibrosis by the FDA in 2011, followed by EMA's approval in 2012. In 2014, it was approved for the treatment of polycythemia vera in adults who have an inadequate response to or are intolerant of [hydroxyurea] and in 2019, ruxolitinib was approved for use in steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease in adults and children. The topical formulation of ruxolitinib is used to treat atopic dermatitis and vitiligo. It is being investigated for other inflammatory skin conditions. Ruxolitinib has been investigated to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) accompanied by severe systemic hyperinflammation. In phase II clinical trials, ruxolitinib improved chest computed tomography and improved recovery in patients with lymphopenia.[A229713, A229718] However, phase III clinical trials later determined that ruxolitinib was inadequate in meeting its primary endpoint of reducing the number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients who experienced severe complications thus the drug was not approved as a treatment for COVID-19.
Digoxin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) IRAK1
IRAK1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Digoxin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Digoxin {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) PHKG2
PHKG2 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Digoxin {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) FOXJ3
FOXJ3 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Digoxin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) UMPS
UMPS {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Digoxin {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) KIAA0907
KIAA0907 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Digoxin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) PYGL
PYGL {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Digoxin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Headache
Headache {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Digoxin {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) DYRK1A
DYRK1A {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) and {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Digoxin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) IRAK1
IRAK1 {u} (Gene) interacts with {v} (Gene) MAP3K7
MAP3K7 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Digoxin (Compound) downregulates IRAK1 (Gene) and IRAK1 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) upregulates PHKG2 (Gene) and PHKG2 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) upregulates FOXJ3 (Gene) and FOXJ3 (Gene) is upregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) downregulates UMPS (Gene) and UMPS (Gene) is upregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) upregulates KIAA0907 (Gene) and KIAA0907 (Gene) is downregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) downregulates PYGL (Gene) and PYGL (Gene) is downregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) causes Headache (Side Effect) and Headache (Side Effect) is caused by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) upregulates DYRK1A (Gene) and DYRK1A (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound) and DYRK1A (Gene) is upregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Digoxin (Compound) downregulates IRAK1 (Gene) and IRAK1 (Gene) interacts with MAP3K7 (Gene) and MAP3K7 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)