DDInter1834 DDInter1472
Topiramate is a anti-epileptic drug used to manage seizures and prevent migraines. It was initially approved by the FDA in 1996. In 2004, topiramate was approved for the prevention of migraine in adults.[A188309,L10544,L43478] Since 2012, the extended-release formulation has been approved in combination with [phentermine] for chronic weight management therapy in adults. Characteristics that distinguish topiramate from other antiepileptic drugs are a monosaccharide chemical structure containing a sulfamate, and 40% of its mass accounted for by oxygen. Interestingly, topiramate was discovered by chance when attempts were made to formulate a novel antidiabetic drug.
Pioglitazone is an antihyperglycemic used as an adjunct to diet, exercise, and other antidiabetic medications to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus.[L11416,L11419,L11422,L11425] It is administered as a racemic mixture, though there is no pharmacologic difference between the enantiomers and they appear to interconvert _in vivo_ with little consequence. The thiazolidinedione class of medications, which also includes [rosiglitazone] and [troglitazone], exerts its pharmacological effect primarily by promoting insulin sensitivity and the improved uptake of blood glucose via agonism at the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ). PPARs are ligand-activated transcription factors that are involved in the expression of more than 100 genes and affect numerous metabolic processes, most notably lipid and glucose homeostasis. Thiazolidinediones, including pioglitazone, have fallen out of favor in recent years due to the presence of multiple adverse effects and warnings regarding their use (e.g. congestive heart failure, bladder cancer) and the availability of safer and more effective alternatives for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topiramate {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Pioglitazone
Topiramate {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hepatic failure
Hepatic failure {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Pioglitazone
Topiramate {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is associated with {v} (Disease) type 2 diabetes mellitus
type 2 diabetes mellitus {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Pioglitazone
Topiramate {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C19
CYP2C19 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Rosiglitazone
Rosiglitazone {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Pioglitazone
Topiramate {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hepatic failure
Hepatic failure {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Rosiglitazone
Rosiglitazone {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Pioglitazone
Topiramate {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Pioglitazone
Topiramate {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Diabetic
Diabetic {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Isoniazid
Isoniazid {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Pioglitazone
Topiramate {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Raltegravir
Raltegravir {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Pioglitazone
Topiramate {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) SMC1A
SMC1A {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Rosiglitazone
Rosiglitazone {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Pioglitazone
Topiramate {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Pioglitazone
Topiramate (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Pioglitazone (Compound)
Topiramate (Compound) causes Hepatic failure (Side Effect) and Hepatic failure (Side Effect) is caused by Pioglitazone (Compound)
Topiramate (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (Disease) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Disease) is treated by Pioglitazone (Compound)
Topiramate (Compound) binds CYP2C19 (Gene) and CYP2C19 (Gene) is bound by Rosiglitazone (Compound) and Rosiglitazone (Compound) resembles Pioglitazone (Compound)
Topiramate (Compound) causes Hepatic failure (Side Effect) and Hepatic failure (Side Effect) is caused by Rosiglitazone (Compound) and Rosiglitazone (Compound) resembles Pioglitazone (Compound)
Topiramate (Compound) causes Hypersensitivity (Side Effect) and Hypersensitivity (Side Effect) is caused by Levonorgestrel (Compound) and Levonorgestrel may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Pioglitazone
Topiramate (Compound) causes Diabetic (Side Effect) and Diabetic (Side Effect) is caused by Isoniazid (Compound) and Isoniazid may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Pioglitazone
Topiramate (Compound) causes Gastroenteritis (Side Effect) and Gastroenteritis (Side Effect) is caused by Raltegravir (Compound) and Raltegravir may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Pioglitazone
Topiramate (Compound) downregulates SMC1A (Gene) and SMC1A (Gene) is downregulated by Rosiglitazone (Compound) and Rosiglitazone (Compound) resembles Pioglitazone (Compound)
Topiramate (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Levonorgestrel (Compound) and Levonorgestrel may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Pioglitazone