DDInter150 DDInter596
Azathioprine is a prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine, first synthesized in 1956 by Gertrude Elion, William Lange, and George Hitchings in an attempt to produce a derivative of 6-mercaptopurine with a better therapeutic index.[A189678,A189687,A189690] Azathioprine is used to treat inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and as an immunosuppressant in the prevention of renal transplant rejection. Azathiprine was granted FDA approval on 20 March 1968.
Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius along side with daunorubicin, another cytotoxic agent, in 1970.[A1575,A257709,A257614] Although they both have aglyconic and sugar moieties, doxorubicin's side chain terminates with a primary alcohol group compared to the methyl group of daunorubicin. Although its detailed molecular mechanisms have yet to be understood, doxorubicin is generally thought to exert its effect through DNA intercalation, which eventually leads to DNA damage and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Thanks to its efficacy and broad effect, doxorubicin was approved by the FDA in 1974 to treat a variety of cancer, including but not limited to breast, lung, gastric, ovarian, thyroid, non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, sarcoma, and pediatric cancers.[A1573,A257614,L45231] However, one of the major side effects of doxorubicin is cardiotoxicity, which excludes patients with poor heart function and requires treatment termination once the maximally tolerated cumulative dose is reached.
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) XDH
XDH {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) PCK2
PCK2 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) GTPBP8
GTPBP8 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) MRPL12
MRPL12 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Infestation NOS
Infestation NOS {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) XDH
XDH {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) PCK2
PCK2 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Epirubicin
Epirubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) GTPBP8
GTPBP8 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) MRPL12
MRPL12 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Azathioprine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Infestation NOS
Infestation NOS {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Epirubicin
Epirubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Doxorubicin
Azathioprine (Compound) binds XDH (Gene) and XDH (Gene) is bound by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Azathioprine (Compound) upregulates PCK2 (Gene) and PCK2 (Gene) is upregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Azathioprine (Compound) upregulates GTPBP8 (Gene) and GTPBP8 (Gene) is downregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Azathioprine (Compound) downregulates MRPL12 (Gene) and MRPL12 (Gene) is downregulated by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Azathioprine (Compound) causes Infestation NOS (Side Effect) and Infestation NOS (Side Effect) is caused by Doxorubicin (Compound)
Azathioprine (Compound) binds XDH (Gene) and XDH (Gene) is bound by Daunorubicin (Compound) and Daunorubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Azathioprine (Compound) upregulates PCK2 (Gene) and PCK2 (Gene) is upregulated by Epirubicin (Compound) and Epirubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Azathioprine (Compound) upregulates GTPBP8 (Gene) and GTPBP8 (Gene) is downregulated by Daunorubicin (Compound) and Daunorubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Azathioprine (Compound) downregulates MRPL12 (Gene) and MRPL12 (Gene) is downregulated by Daunorubicin (Compound) and Daunorubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)
Azathioprine (Compound) causes Infestation NOS (Side Effect) and Infestation NOS (Side Effect) is caused by Epirubicin (Compound) and Epirubicin (Compound) resembles Doxorubicin (Compound)