DDInter11 DDInter1607
Acarbose is a complex oligosaccharide that acts as an inhibitor of several enzymes responsible for the breakdown of complex carbohydrates in the intestines. It inhibits both pancreatic alpha-amylase and membrane-bound alpha-glucosidases - including intestinal glucoamylase, sucrase, maltase, and isomaltase - which are responsible for the metabolism of complex starches and oligo-, tri-, and disaccharides into absorbable simple sugars.[L31633,A37868] By inhibiting the activity of these enzymes, acarbose limits the absorption of dietary carbohydrates and the subsequent postprandial increase in blood glucose and insulin levels. Acarbose is therefore used in conjunction with diet, exercise, and other pharmacotherapies for the management of blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.[L31628,L31633] Acarbose is one of only two approved alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (the other being
Ritonavir is an HIV protease inhibitor that interferes with the reproductive cycle of HIV. Although it was initially developed as an independent antiviral agent, it has been shown to possess advantageous properties in combination regimens with low-dose ritonavir and other protease inhibitors. It is now more commonly used as a booster of other protease inhibitors and is available in both liquid formulations and as capsules. While ritonavir is not an active antiviral agent against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, it is added in combination therapies indicated for the treatment of HCV infections as a booster. Ritonavir is a potent CYP3A inhibitor that increases peak and trough plasma drug concentrations of other protease inhibitors such as and overall drug exposure. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines recommend ritonavir-boosted combination therapies as first-line therapy for HCV Genotype 1a/b and 4 treatment-naïve patients with or without cirrhosis. Ritonavir is found in a fixed-dose combination product with , , and as the FDA-approved product Viekira Pak. First approved in December 2014, Viekira Pak is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis, and when combined with Ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis. Ritonavir is also available as a fixed-dose combination product with and as the FDA- and Health Canada-approved product Technivie. First approved in July 2015, Technivie is indicated in combination with Ribavirin for the treatment of patients with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis. In Canada, ritonavir is also available as a fixed-dose combination product with , , and as the Health Canada-approved, commercially available product Holkira Pak. First approved in January 2015, Holkira Pak is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b with or without cirrhosis, and when combined with Ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a with or without cirrhosis. The inclusion of ritonavir can select for HIV-1 protease inhibitor resistance-associated substitutions. Any HCV/HIV-1 co-infected patients treated with ritonavir-containing combination therapies should also be on a suppressive antiretroviral drug regimen to reduce the risk of HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance. Ritonavir is combined with other drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients at risk for progressing into a severe form of the disease, such as [nirmatrelvir].
Acarbose {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Acarbose {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Lopinavir
Lopinavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Acarbose {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Rectal haemorrhage
Rectal haemorrhage {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Acarbose {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Lopinavir
Lopinavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Acarbose {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Lopinavir
Lopinavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Acarbose {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hepatocellular injury
Hepatocellular injury {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Acarbose {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Amikacin
Amikacin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hearing impaired
Hearing impaired {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Acarbose {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCC1
ABCC1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Acarbose {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Lopinavir
Lopinavir {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Acarbose {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Neomycin
Neomycin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Nausea
Nausea {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Acarbose may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Atazanavir and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Acarbose may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Lopinavir and Lopinavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Acarbose (Compound) causes Rectal haemorrhage (Side Effect) and Rectal haemorrhage (Side Effect) is caused by Ritonavir (Compound)
Acarbose may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Atazanavir and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Lopinavir (Compound) and Lopinavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Acarbose may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Lopinavir and Lopinavir (Compound) resembles Atazanavir (Compound) and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Acarbose (Compound) causes Hepatocellular injury (Side Effect) and Hepatocellular injury (Side Effect) is caused by Atazanavir (Compound) and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Acarbose (Compound) resembles Amikacin (Compound) and Amikacin (Compound) causes Hearing impaired (Side Effect) and Hearing impaired (Side Effect) is caused by Ritonavir (Compound)
Acarbose may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Atazanavir and Atazanavir (Compound) binds ABCC1 (Gene) and ABCC1 (Gene) is bound by Ritonavir (Compound)
Acarbose may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Lopinavir and Lopinavir (Compound) treats acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Disease) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Disease) is treated by Ritonavir (Compound)
Acarbose may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Neomycin and Neomycin (Compound) causes Nausea (Side Effect) and Nausea (Side Effect) is caused by Ritonavir (Compound)