DDInter1826 DDInter933
A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of chlorpropamide.
Insulin glulisine is a short-acting form of insulin used for the treatment of hyperglycemia caused by Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Insulin is typically prescribed for the management of diabetes mellitus to mimic the activity of endogenously produced human insulin, a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreas that promotes glucose metabolism. Insulin is released from the pancreas following a meal to promote the uptake of glucose from the blood into internal organs and tissues such as the liver, fat cells, and skeletal muscle. Absorption of glucose into cells allows for its transformation into glycogen or fat for storage. Insulin also inhibits hepatic glucose production, enhances protein synthesis, and inhibits lipolysis and proteolysis among many other functions. Insulin is an important treatment in the management of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) which is caused by an autoimmune reaction that destroys the beta cells of the pancreas, resulting in the body not being able to produce or synthesize the insulin needed to manage circulating blood sugar levels. As a result, people with T1D rely primarily on exogenous forms of insulin, such as insulin glulisine, to lower glucose levels in the blood. Insulin is also used in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), another form of diabetes mellitus that is a slowly progressing metabolic disorder caused by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors that promote chronically elevated blood sugar levels. Without treatment or improvement in non-pharmacological measures such as diet and exercise to lower blood glucose, high blood sugar eventually causes cellular resistance to endogenous insulin, and in the long term, damage to pancreatic islet cells. Insulin is typically prescribed later in the course of T2D, after trying several oral medications such as , , or have been tried, when sufficient damage has been caused to pancreatic cells that the body is no longer able to produce insulin on its own. Marketed as the brand name product Apidra, insulin glulisine begins to exert its effects within 15 minutes of subcutaneous administration, while peak levels occur 30 to 90 minutes after administration. Due to its duration of action of around 5 hours, Apidra is considered "bolus insulin" as it provides high levels of insulin in a short period of time to mimic the release of endogenous insulin from the pancreas after meals. Bolus insulin is often combined with once daily, long-acting "basal insulin" such as , , and to provide low concentrations of background insulin that can keep blood sugar stable between meals or overnight. Use of basal and bolus insulin together is intended to mimic the pancreas' production of endogenous insulin, with a goal of avoiding any periods of hypoglycemia. Insulin glulisine is a biosynthetic, rapid-acting human insulin analogue produced in a non-pathogenic laboratory strain of _Escherichia coli_ (K12). This recombinant hormone differs from native human insulin in that the amino acid asparagine at position B3 is replaced by lysine and the lysine at position B29 is replaced by glutamic acid. These structural modifications decrease hexamer formation, stabilize insulin glulisine monomers and increase the rate of absorption and onset of action compared to human insulin. Without an adequate supply of insulin to promote absorption of glucose from the bloodstream, blood sugar levels can climb to dangerously high levels and can result in symptoms such as fatigue, headache, blurred vision, and increased thirst. If left untreated, the body starts to break down fat, instead of glucose, for energy which results in a build-up of ketone acids in the blood and a syndrome called ketoacidosis, which is a life-threatening medical emergency. In the long term, elevated blood sugar levels increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and diabetic neuropathy.
Tolazamide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Tolbutamide {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Insulin glulisine
Tolazamide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Tolbutamide {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Lipoic acid
Lipoic acid {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Insulin glulisine
Tolazamide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Sulfacetamide
Sulfacetamide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Insulin glulisine
Tolazamide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Tolbutamide {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Methylcellulose
Methylcellulose {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Insulin glulisine
Tolazamide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Glisoxepide
Glisoxepide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Glimepiride
Glimepiride {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Insulin glulisine
Tolazamide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Tolbutamide {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Alpelisib
Alpelisib {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Insulin glulisine
Tolazamide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Tolbutamide {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Quinine
Quinine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Insulin glulisine
Tolazamide {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) type 2 diabetes mellitus
type 2 diabetes mellitus {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Pioglitazone
Pioglitazone {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Insulin glulisine
Tolazamide {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) KCNJ1
KCNJ1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Glimepiride
Glimepiride {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Insulin glulisine
Tolazamide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Tolbutamide {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Captopril
Captopril {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Insulin glulisine
Tolazamide (Compound) resembles Tolbutamide (Compound) and Tolbutamide may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Insulin glulisine
Tolazamide (Compound) resembles Tolbutamide (Compound) and Tolbutamide may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Lipoic acid and Lipoic acid may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Insulin glulisine
Tolazamide (Compound) resembles Sulfacetamide (Compound) and Sulfacetamide (Compound) resembles Sulfamethoxazole (Compound) and Sulfamethoxazole may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Insulin glulisine
Tolazamide (Compound) resembles Tolbutamide (Compound) and Tolbutamide may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Methylcellulose and Methylcellulose may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Insulin glulisine
Tolazamide (Compound) resembles Glisoxepide (Compound) and Glisoxepide (Compound) resembles Glimepiride (Compound) and Glimepiride may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Insulin glulisine
Tolazamide (Compound) resembles Tolbutamide (Compound) and Tolbutamide may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Alpelisib and Alpelisib may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Insulin glulisine
Tolazamide (Compound) resembles Tolbutamide (Compound) and Tolbutamide may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Quinine and Quinine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Insulin glulisine
Tolazamide (Compound) treats type 2 diabetes mellitus (Disease) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Disease) is treated by Pioglitazone (Compound) and Pioglitazone may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Insulin glulisine
Tolazamide (Compound) binds KCNJ1 (Gene) and KCNJ1 (Gene) is bound by Glimepiride (Compound) and Glimepiride may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Insulin glulisine
Tolazamide (Compound) resembles Tolbutamide (Compound) and Tolbutamide may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Captopril and Captopril may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Insulin glulisine