DDInter458 DDInter1666
Cyclosporine is a calcineurin inhibitor known for its immunomodulatory properties that prevent organ transplant rejection and treat various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. It is isolated from the fungus _Beauveria nivea_. Initially manufactured by Sandoz and approved for use by the FDA in 1983, cyclosporine is now available in various products by Novartis (previously known as Sandoz).[L11097,L3734,L11118]
In eliciting its mechanism of action, sildenafil ultimately prevents or minimizes the breakdown of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) by inhibiting cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) [F3850, F3853, F3856, F3859, F3883, F3886, L5611, L5614]. The result of doing so allows cGMP present in both the penis and pulmonary vasculature to elicit smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation that subsequently facilitates relief in pulmonary arterial hypertension and the increased flow of blood into the spongy erectile tissue of the penis that consequently allows it to grow in size and become erect and rigid [F3850, F3853, F3856, F3859, F3883, F3886, L5611, L5614]. Interestingly enough, it is precisely via this mechanism why sildenafil was at first researched as a potential treatment for angina - or chest pain associated with inadequate blood flow to the heart - before being serendipitously indicated for treating erectile dysfunction in the late 1980s . Nevertheless, it is because of this mechanism that sildenafil is also indicated for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension but is also additionally notorious for interacting with various anti-anginal or anti-hypertensive agents to develop potentially rapid, excessive, and/or fatal hypotensive crises [A175579, A175582, A175654]. Regardless, sildenafil, among a variety of other similar or related PDE5 inhibitors, has become a common and effective treatment for erectile dysfunction and since its formal approval for medical use in the public in 1998 , continues to see millions of prescriptions written for it internationally. Although the medication has historically been most popularly recognized as Pfizer's brand name Viagra, sildenafil is currently available generically and even as a non-prescription over the counter medication in some countries .
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Sildenafil
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Upper respiratory tract infection
Upper respiratory tract infection {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Sildenafil
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A5
CYP3A5 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Vardenafil
Vardenafil {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Sildenafil
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Pain
Pain {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Vardenafil
Vardenafil {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Sildenafil
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) MRPL19
MRPL19 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) CYP1A1
CYP1A1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Sildenafil
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) MRPL19
MRPL19 {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) GDF15
GDF15 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Sildenafil
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) ST7
ST7 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) CYP1A1
CYP1A1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Sildenafil
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) PGAM1
PGAM1 {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) ABCC5
ABCC5 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Sildenafil
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) PGAM1
PGAM1 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) IGFBP2
IGFBP2 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Sildenafil
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) NUCB2
NUCB2 {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) CYCS
CYCS {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Sildenafil
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Sildenafil (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Upper respiratory tract infection (Side Effect) and Upper respiratory tract infection (Side Effect) is caused by Sildenafil (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds CYP3A5 (Gene) and CYP3A5 (Gene) is bound by Vardenafil (Compound) and Vardenafil (Compound) resembles Sildenafil (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Pain (Side Effect) and Pain (Side Effect) is caused by Vardenafil (Compound) and Vardenafil (Compound) resembles Sildenafil (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates MRPL19 (Gene) and MRPL19 (Gene) is regulated by CYP1A1 (Gene) and CYP1A1 (Gene) is bound by Sildenafil (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates MRPL19 (Gene) and MRPL19 (Gene) regulates GDF15 (Gene) and GDF15 (Gene) is downregulated by Sildenafil (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) upregulates ST7 (Gene) and ST7 (Gene) is regulated by CYP1A1 (Gene) and CYP1A1 (Gene) is bound by Sildenafil (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates PGAM1 (Gene) and PGAM1 (Gene) regulates ABCC5 (Gene) and ABCC5 (Gene) is bound by Sildenafil (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates PGAM1 (Gene) and PGAM1 (Gene) is regulated by IGFBP2 (Gene) and IGFBP2 (Gene) is downregulated by Sildenafil (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) upregulates NUCB2 (Gene) and NUCB2 (Gene) regulates CYCS (Gene) and CYCS (Gene) is downregulated by Sildenafil (Compound)