DDInter1834 DDInter1344
Topiramate is a anti-epileptic drug used to manage seizures and prevent migraines. It was initially approved by the FDA in 1996. In 2004, topiramate was approved for the prevention of migraine in adults.[A188309,L10544,L43478] Since 2012, the extended-release formulation has been approved in combination with [phentermine] for chronic weight management therapy in adults. Characteristics that distinguish topiramate from other antiepileptic drugs are a monosaccharide chemical structure containing a sulfamate, and 40% of its mass accounted for by oxygen. Interestingly, topiramate was discovered by chance when attempts were made to formulate a novel antidiabetic drug.
Opium is the first substance of the diverse group of the opiates. It has been known for a long time, and the first evidence of a poppy culture dates from 5 thousand years by the Sumerians. During the years, opium was used as a sedative and hypnotic, but it was determined to be addictive. Opium is extracted from _Papaver somniferum_, which is more known as poppies. This plant is an integrant of the Papaveraceae family, and it is characterized by solitary leaves and capsulated fruits. Therefore, opium is a sticky brown resin obtained by collecting and drying the latex that exudes from the poppy pods. Once extracted, opium contains two main groups of alkaloids; the psychoactive constituents which are in the category of phenanthrenes and alkaloids that have no central nervous system effect in the category of isoquinolines. Morphine is the most prevalent and principal alkaloid in opium, and it is responsible for most of the harmful effects of opium. Opium has gradually been superseded by a variety of synthetic opioids and general anesthetics. Some of the isolated derivatives of opium are morphine, noscapine, strychnine, veratrine, colchicine, codeine, and quinine. Opium is a prohibited drug of abuse in most countries, but the illegal production of this drug and its derivatives keeps being registered. There is some legal production of opium in different countries for the obtention of alkaloids by extraction.
Topiramate {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Felodipine
Felodipine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Opium
Topiramate {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Sexual dysfunction
Sexual dysfunction {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Felodipine
Felodipine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Opium
Topiramate {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Micturition urgency
Micturition urgency {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Nalbuphine
Nalbuphine {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Opium
Topiramate {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Phenelzine
Phenelzine {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Opium
Topiramate {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) epilepsy syndrome
epilepsy syndrome {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Valproic acid
Valproic acid {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Opium
Topiramate {u} (Compound) palliates {v} (Disease) bipolar disorder
bipolar disorder {u} (Disease) is palliated by {v} (Compound) Valproic acid
Valproic acid {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Opium
Topiramate {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) migraine
migraine {u} (Disease) is palliated by {v} (Compound) Tizanidine
Tizanidine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Opium
Topiramate {u} (Compound) is included by {v} (Pharmacologic Class) Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity
Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity {u} (Pharmacologic Class) includes {v} (Compound) Valproic acid
Valproic acid {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Opium
Topiramate {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) obesity
obesity {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Bupropion
Bupropion {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Opium
Topiramate {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) UBQLN2
UBQLN2 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ifosfamide
Ifosfamide {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Opium
Topiramate (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Felodipine (Compound) and Felodipine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Opium
Topiramate (Compound) causes Sexual dysfunction (Side Effect) and Sexual dysfunction (Side Effect) is caused by Felodipine (Compound) and Felodipine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Opium
Topiramate (Compound) causes Micturition urgency (Side Effect) and Micturition urgency (Side Effect) is caused by Nalbuphine (Compound) and Nalbuphine may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Opium
Topiramate (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Phenelzine (Compound) and Phenelzine may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Opium
Topiramate (Compound) treats epilepsy syndrome (Disease) and epilepsy syndrome (Disease) is treated by Valproic acid (Compound) and Valproic acid may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Opium
Topiramate (Compound) palliates bipolar disorder (Disease) and bipolar disorder (Disease) is palliated by Valproic acid (Compound) and Valproic acid may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Opium
Topiramate (Compound) treats migraine (Disease) and migraine (Disease) is palliated by Tizanidine (Compound) and Tizanidine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Opium
Topiramate (Compound) is included by Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity (Pharmacologic Class) and Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity (Pharmacologic Class) includes Valproic acid (Compound) and Valproic acid may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Opium
Topiramate (Compound) treats obesity (Disease) and obesity (Disease) is treated by Bupropion (Compound) and Bupropion may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Opium
Topiramate (Compound) upregulates UBQLN2 (Gene) and UBQLN2 (Gene) is upregulated by Ifosfamide (Compound) and Ifosfamide may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Opium