DDInter934 DDInter1607
Human Insulin, also known as Regular Insulin, is a short-acting form of insulin used for the treatment of hyperglycemia caused by Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Human insulin is produced by recombinant DNA technology and is identical to endogenously produced insulin. Typically prescribed for the management of diabetes mellitus, insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreas that promotes glucose metabolism. Insulin is released from the pancreas following a meal to promote the uptake of glucose from the blood into internal organs and tissues such as the liver, fat cells, and skeletal muscle. Absorption of glucose into cells allows for its transformation into glycogen or fat for storage. Insulin also inhibits hepatic glucose production, enhances protein synthesis, and inhibits lipolysis and proteolysis among many other functions. Insulin is an important treatment in the management of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) which is caused by an autoimmune reaction that destroys
Ritonavir is an HIV protease inhibitor that interferes with the reproductive cycle of HIV. Although it was initially developed as an independent antiviral agent, it has been shown to possess advantageous properties in combination regimens with low-dose ritonavir and other protease inhibitors. It is now more commonly used as a booster of other protease inhibitors and is available in both liquid formulations and as capsules. While ritonavir is not an active antiviral agent against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, it is added in combination therapies indicated for the treatment of HCV infections as a booster. Ritonavir is a potent CYP3A inhibitor that increases peak and trough plasma drug concentrations of other protease inhibitors such as and overall drug exposure. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines recommend ritonavir-boosted combination therapies as first-line therapy for HCV Genotype 1a/b and 4 treatment-naïve patients with or without cirrhosis. Ritonavir is found in a fixed-dose combination product with , , and as the FDA-approved product Viekira Pak. First approved in December 2014, Viekira Pak is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis, and when combined with Ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis. Ritonavir is also available as a fixed-dose combination product with and as the FDA- and Health Canada-approved product Technivie. First approved in July 2015, Technivie is indicated in combination with Ribavirin for the treatment of patients with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis. In Canada, ritonavir is also available as a fixed-dose combination product with , , and as the Health Canada-approved, commercially available product Holkira Pak. First approved in January 2015, Holkira Pak is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b with or without cirrhosis, and when combined with Ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a with or without cirrhosis. The inclusion of ritonavir can select for HIV-1 protease inhibitor resistance-associated substitutions. Any HCV/HIV-1 co-infected patients treated with ritonavir-containing combination therapies should also be on a suppressive antiretroviral drug regimen to reduce the risk of HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance. Ritonavir is combined with other drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients at risk for progressing into a severe form of the disease, such as [nirmatrelvir].
Insulin human {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Insulin human {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Potassium chloride
Potassium chloride {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Diarrhoea
Diarrhoea {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Insulin human {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Lopinavir
Lopinavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Insulin human {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCC1
ABCC1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Insulin human {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Orciprenaline
Orciprenaline {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Dizziness
Dizziness {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Insulin human {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Orciprenaline
Orciprenaline {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Lopinavir
Lopinavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Insulin human {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) is included by {v} (Pharmacologic Class) Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitors
Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitors {u} (Pharmacologic Class) includes {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Insulin human {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Esterified estrogens
Esterified estrogens {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Carfilzomib
Carfilzomib {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Insulin human {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Saquinavir
Saquinavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Insulin human {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Saquinavir
Saquinavir {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Insulin human may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Atazanavir and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Insulin human may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Potassium chloride and Potassium chloride (Compound) causes Diarrhoea (Side Effect) and Diarrhoea (Side Effect) is caused by Ritonavir (Compound)
Insulin human may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Atazanavir and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Lopinavir (Compound) and Lopinavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Insulin human may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Atazanavir and Atazanavir (Compound) binds ABCC1 (Gene) and ABCC1 (Gene) is bound by Ritonavir (Compound)
Insulin human may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Orciprenaline and Orciprenaline (Compound) causes Dizziness (Side Effect) and Dizziness (Side Effect) is caused by Ritonavir (Compound)
Insulin human may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Orciprenaline and Orciprenaline may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Lopinavir and Lopinavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Insulin human may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Atazanavir and Atazanavir (Compound) is included by Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitors (Pharmacologic Class) and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitors (Pharmacologic Class) includes Ritonavir (Compound)
Insulin human may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Esterified estrogens and Esterified estrogens may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Carfilzomib and Carfilzomib (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Insulin human may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Saquinavir and Saquinavir (Compound) resembles Atazanavir (Compound) and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Insulin human may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Saquinavir and Saquinavir (Compound) treats acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Disease) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Disease) is treated by Ritonavir (Compound)