DDInter1607 DDInter1472
Ritonavir is an HIV protease inhibitor that interferes with the reproductive cycle of HIV. Although it was initially developed as an independent antiviral agent, it has been shown to possess advantageous properties in combination regimens with low-dose ritonavir and other protease inhibitors. It is now more commonly used as a booster of other protease inhibitors and is available in both liquid formulations and as capsules. While ritonavir is not an active antiviral agent against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, it is added in combination therapies indicated for the treatment of HCV infections as a booster. Ritonavir is a potent CYP3A inhibitor that increases peak and trough plasma drug concentrations of other protease inhibitors such as and overall drug exposure. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines recommend ritonavir-boosted combination therapies as first-line therapy for HCV Genotype 1a/b and
Pioglitazone is an antihyperglycemic used as an adjunct to diet, exercise, and other antidiabetic medications to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus.[L11416,L11419,L11422,L11425] It is administered as a racemic mixture, though there is no pharmacologic difference between the enantiomers and they appear to interconvert _in vivo_ with little consequence. The thiazolidinedione class of medications, which also includes [rosiglitazone] and [troglitazone], exerts its pharmacological effect primarily by promoting insulin sensitivity and the improved uptake of blood glucose via agonism at the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ). PPARs are ligand-activated transcription factors that are involved in the expression of more than 100 genes and affect numerous metabolic processes, most notably lipid and glucose homeostasis. Thiazolidinediones, including pioglitazone, have fallen out of favor in recent years due to the presence of multiple adverse effects and warnings regarding their use (e.g. congestive heart failure, bladder cancer) and the availability of safer and more effective alternatives for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Pioglitazone
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Acute coronary syndrome
Acute coronary syndrome {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Pioglitazone
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Pioglitazone
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Rosiglitazone
Rosiglitazone {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Pioglitazone
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is associated with {v} (Disease) type 2 diabetes mellitus
type 2 diabetes mellitus {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Pioglitazone
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Acute coronary syndrome
Acute coronary syndrome {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Rosiglitazone
Rosiglitazone {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Pioglitazone
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Pioglitazone
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Raltegravir
Raltegravir {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Pioglitazone
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Carfilzomib
Carfilzomib {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Headache
Headache {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Pioglitazone
Ritonavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C9
CYP2C9 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Pioglitazone
Ritonavir (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Pioglitazone (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) causes Acute coronary syndrome (Side Effect) and Acute coronary syndrome (Side Effect) is caused by Pioglitazone (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) resembles Atazanavir (Compound) and Atazanavir may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Pioglitazone
Ritonavir (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Rosiglitazone (Compound) and Rosiglitazone (Compound) resembles Pioglitazone (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (Disease) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Disease) is treated by Pioglitazone (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) causes Acute coronary syndrome (Side Effect) and Acute coronary syndrome (Side Effect) is caused by Rosiglitazone (Compound) and Rosiglitazone (Compound) resembles Pioglitazone (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) causes Hypersensitivity (Side Effect) and Hypersensitivity (Side Effect) is caused by Levonorgestrel (Compound) and Levonorgestrel may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Pioglitazone
Ritonavir (Compound) causes Gastroenteritis (Side Effect) and Gastroenteritis (Side Effect) is caused by Raltegravir (Compound) and Raltegravir may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Pioglitazone
Ritonavir (Compound) resembles Carfilzomib (Compound) and Carfilzomib (Compound) causes Headache (Side Effect) and Headache (Side Effect) is caused by Pioglitazone (Compound)
Ritonavir (Compound) resembles Atazanavir (Compound) and Atazanavir (Compound) binds CYP2C9 (Gene) and CYP2C9 (Gene) is bound by Pioglitazone (Compound)