DDInter1008 DDInter1828
Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent used in the prevention and treatment of a variety of fungal infections.[FDA Label] It functions by preventing the synthesis of ergosterol, the fungal equivalent of cholesterol, thereby increasing membrane fluidity and preventing growth of the fungus.[A181802,T116] Ketoconazole was first approved in an oral formulation for systemic use by the FDA in 1981. At this time it was considered a significant improvement over previous antifungals, [miconazole] and [clotrimazole], due to its broad spectrum and good absorption. However, it was discovered that ketoconazole produces frequent gastrointestinal side effects and dose-related hepatitis.[A188054,A188057] These effects combined with waning efficacy led to its eventual replacement by triazole agents, [fluconazole], [itraconazole], [voriconazole], and [posaconazole]. Ketoconazole and its predecessor [clotrimazole] continue
Tolbutamide is an oral antihyperglycemic agent used for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It is structurally similar to acetohexamide, chlorpropamide and tolazamide and belongs to the sulfonylurea class of insulin secretagogues, which act by stimulating β cells of the pancreas to release insulin. Sulfonylureas increase both basal insulin secretion and meal-stimulated insulin release. Medications in this class differ in their dose, rate of absorption, duration of action, route of elimination and binding site on their target pancreatic β cell receptor. Sulfonylureas also increase peripheral glucose utilization, decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis and may increase the number and sensitivity of insulin receptors. Sulfonylureas are associated with weight gain, though less so than insulin. Due to their mechanism of action, sulfonylureas may cause hypoglycemia and require consistent food intake to decrease this risk. The risk of hypoglycemia is increased in elderly, debilitated and malnourished individuals. Tolbutamide appears to be metabolized in the liver. Tolbutamide and its metabolites are excreted in urine (75-85%) and feces.
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C19
CYP2C19 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Erythema
Erythema {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C19
CYP2C19 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Probenecid
Probenecid {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Tolbutamide
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C9
CYP2C9 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Glipizide
Glipizide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Erythema
Erythema {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Tolazamide
Tolazamide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Gastrointestinal disorder
Gastrointestinal disorder {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C8
CYP2C8 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Clopidogrel
Clopidogrel {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Tolbutamide
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Erythema
Erythema {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Glipizide
Glipizide {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Tolbutamide
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Econazole
Econazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Miconazole
Miconazole {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Tolbutamide
Ketoconazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Urticaria
Urticaria {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Probenecid
Probenecid {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Tolbutamide
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP2C19 (Gene) and CYP2C19 (Gene) is bound by Tolbutamide (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Erythema (Side Effect) and Erythema (Side Effect) is caused by Tolbutamide (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP2C19 (Gene) and CYP2C19 (Gene) is bound by Probenecid (Compound) and Probenecid may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Tolbutamide
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP2C9 (Gene) and CYP2C9 (Gene) is bound by Glipizide (Compound) and Glipizide (Compound) resembles Tolbutamide (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Erythema (Side Effect) and Erythema (Side Effect) is caused by Tolazamide (Compound) and Tolazamide (Compound) resembles Tolbutamide (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) causes Gastrointestinal disorder (Side Effect) and Gastrointestinal disorder (Side Effect) is caused by Tolbutamide (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) binds CYP2C8 (Gene) and CYP2C8 (Gene) is bound by Clopidogrel (Compound) and Clopidogrel may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Tolbutamide
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Erythema (Side Effect) and Erythema (Side Effect) is caused by Glipizide (Compound) and Glipizide (Compound) resembles Tolbutamide (Compound)
Ketoconazole (Compound) resembles Econazole (Compound) and Econazole (Compound) resembles Miconazole (Compound) and Miconazole may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Tolbutamide
Ketoconazole (Compound) causes Urticaria (Side Effect) and Urticaria (Side Effect) is caused by Probenecid (Compound) and Probenecid may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Tolbutamide