DDInter1841 DDInter1008
Tramadol is a centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic and SNRI (serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake-inhibitor) that is structurally related to [codeine] and [morphine]. Due to its good tolerability profile and multimodal mechanism of action, tramadol is generally considered a lower-risk opioid option for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. It is considered a Step 2 option on the World Health Organization's pain ladder and has about 1/10th of the potency of [morphine]. Tramadol differs from other traditional opioid medications in that it doesn't just act as a μ-opioid agonist, but also affects monoamines by modulating the effects of neurotransmitters involved in the modulation of pain such as serotonin and norepinpehrine which activate descending pain inhibitory pathways. Tramadol's effects on serotonin and norepinephrine mimic the effects of other SNRI antidepressants such as [dul
Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent used in the prevention and treatment of a variety of fungal infections.[FDA Label] It functions by preventing the synthesis of ergosterol, the fungal equivalent of cholesterol, thereby increasing membrane fluidity and preventing growth of the fungus.[A181802,T116] Ketoconazole was first approved in an oral formulation for systemic use by the FDA in 1981. At this time it was considered a significant improvement over previous antifungals, [miconazole] and [clotrimazole], due to its broad spectrum and good absorption. However, it was discovered that ketoconazole produces frequent gastrointestinal side effects and dose-related hepatitis.[A188054,A188057] These effects combined with waning efficacy led to its eventual replacement by triazole agents, [fluconazole], [itraconazole], [voriconazole], and [posaconazole]. Ketoconazole and its predecessor [clotrimazole] continue to be used in topical formulations.
Tramadol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Tramadol {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Tramadol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Tramadol {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Tramadol {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Endocrine disorder
Endocrine disorder {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Tramadol {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) ATP6V1D
ATP6V1D {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Tramadol {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) ATP6V1D
ATP6V1D {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) CYP24A1
CYP24A1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Tramadol {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Tramadol {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) ATP6V1D
ATP6V1D {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) HMGCR
HMGCR {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Tramadol {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) ATP6V1D
ATP6V1D {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) FDPS
FDPS {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Tramadol (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Tramadol (Compound) causes Hypersensitivity (Side Effect) and Hypersensitivity (Side Effect) is caused by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Tramadol (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Tramadol (Compound) causes Hypersensitivity (Side Effect) and Hypersensitivity (Side Effect) is caused by Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Tramadol (Compound) causes Endocrine disorder (Side Effect) and Endocrine disorder (Side Effect) is caused by Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Tramadol (Compound) downregulates ATP6V1D (Gene) and ATP6V1D (Gene) is downregulated by Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Tramadol (Compound) downregulates ATP6V1D (Gene) and ATP6V1D (Gene) is regulated by CYP24A1 (Gene) and CYP24A1 (Gene) is bound by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Tramadol (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Posaconazole (Compound) and Posaconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Tramadol (Compound) downregulates ATP6V1D (Gene) and ATP6V1D (Gene) regulates HMGCR (Gene) and HMGCR (Gene) is upregulated by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Tramadol (Compound) downregulates ATP6V1D (Gene) and ATP6V1D (Gene) is regulated by FDPS (Gene) and FDPS (Gene) is upregulated by Ketoconazole (Compound)