DDInter1042 DDInter596
Leuprolide is a synthetic 9-residue peptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Unlike the endogenous decapeptide GnRH, leuprolide contains a single D-amino acid (D-leucyl) residue, which helps to increase its circulating half-life from three to four minutes to approximately three hours. As a GnRH mimic, leuprolide is capable of binding to the GnRH receptor (GnRHR) and inducing downstream modulation of both gonadotropin hormone and sex steroid levels. Prolonged activation of GnRHR results in significant downregulation of sex steroid levels, which is primarily responsible for the clinical efficacy of leuprolide in diverse conditions, including advanced prostate cancer, endometriosis, and central precocious puberty.[A203126, A203132] Leuprolide was first approved in 1985 as a daily subcutaneous injection under the tradename
Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius along side with daunorubicin, another cytotoxic agent, in 1970.[A1575,A257709,A257614] Although they both have aglyconic and sugar moieties, doxorubicin's side chain terminates with a primary alcohol group compared to the methyl group of daunorubicin. Although its detailed molecular mechanisms have yet to be understood, doxorubicin is generally thought to exert its effect through DNA intercalation, which eventually leads to DNA damage and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Thanks to its efficacy and broad effect, doxorubicin was approved by the FDA in 1974 to treat a variety of cancer, including but not limited to breast, lung, gastric, ovarian, thyroid, non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, sarcoma, and pediatric cancers.[A1573,A257614,L45231] However, one of the major side effects of doxorubicin is cardiotoxicity, which excludes patients with poor heart function and requires treatment termination once the maximally tolerated cumulative dose is reached.
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Daunorubicin
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) stomach cancer
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) AKR1A1
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) P4HA2
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) is included by {v} (Pharmacologic Class) Anthracyclines
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) TSKU
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Mucous membrane disorder
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) and {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) CBR3
Doxorubicin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) and {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) ABCC10
Doxorubicin (Compound) resembles Daunorubicin (Compound)
Doxorubicin (Compound) treats stomach cancer (Disease)
Doxorubicin (Compound) binds AKR1A1 (Gene)
Doxorubicin (Compound) upregulates P4HA2 (Gene)
Doxorubicin (Compound) is included by Anthracyclines (Pharmacologic Class)
Doxorubicin (Compound) downregulates TSKU (Gene)
Doxorubicin (Compound) causes Mucous membrane disorder (Side Effect)
Doxorubicin (Compound) binds CBR3 (Gene) and Doxorubicin (Compound) downregulates CBR3 (Gene)
Doxorubicin (Compound) binds ABCC10 (Gene) and Doxorubicin (Compound) upregulates ABCC10 (Gene)