DDInter1340 DDInter1675
Originally approved by the FDA in 1989, omeprazole is a _proton-pump inhibitor_, used to treat gastric acid-related disorders. These disorders may include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, and other diseases characterized by the oversecretion of gastric acid. This drug was the first clinical useful drug in its class, and its approval was followed by the formulation of many other proton pump inhibitor drugs. Omeprazole is generally effective and well-tolerated, promoting its popular use in children and adults [FDA label].
Simvastatin, also known as the brand name product Zocor, is a lipid-lowering drug derived synthetically from a fermentation product of _Aspergillus terreus_. It belongs to the statin class of medications, which are used to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and manage abnormal lipid levels by inhibiting the endogenous production of cholesterol in the liver. More specifically, statin medications competitively inhibit the enzyme hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) Reductase, which catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid and is the third step in a sequence of metabolic reactions involved in the production of several compounds involved in lipid metabolism and transport including cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (sometimes referred to as "bad cholesterol"), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Prescribing of statin medications is considered standard practice following any cardiovascular events and for people with a moderate to high risk of development of CVD, such as those with Type 2 Diabetes. The clear evidence of the benefit of statin use coupled with very minimal side effects or long term effects has resulted in this class becoming one of the most widely prescribed medications in North America.[A181087, A181406] Simvastatin and other drugs from the statin class of medications including [atorvastatin], [pravastatin], [rosuvastatin], [fluvastatin], and [lovastatin] are considered first-line options for the treatment of dyslipidemia.[A181087, A181406] Increasing use of the statin class of drugs is largely due to the fact that cardiovascular disease (CVD), which includes heart attack, atherosclerosis, angina, peripheral artery disease, and stroke, has become a leading cause of death in high-income countries and a major cause of morbidity around the world. Elevated cholesterol levels, and in particular, elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, are an important risk factor for the development of CVD.[A181087,A181553] Use of statins to target and reduce LDL levels has been shown in a number of landmark studies to significantly reduce the risk of development of CVD and all-cause mortality.[A181090,A181093,A181096,A181427,A181475,A181538] Statins are considered a cost-effective treatment option for CVD due to their evidence of reducing all-cause mortality including fatal and non-fatal CVD as well as the need for surgical revascularization or angioplasty following a heart attack.[A181087, A181406] Evidence has shown that even for low-risk individuals (with <10% risk of a major vascular event occurring within 5 years) statins cause a 20%-22% relative reduction in major cardiovascular events (heart attack, stroke, coronary revascularization, and coronary death) for every 1 mmol/L reduction in LDL without any significant side effects or risks.[A181397, A181403] While all statin medications are considered equally effective from a clinical standpoint, [rosuvastatin] is considered the most potent; doses of 10 to 40mg [rosuvastatin] per day were found in clinical studies to result in a 45.8% to 54.6% decrease in LDL cholesterol levels, while simvastatin has been found to have an average decrease in LDL-C of ~35%.[A181409,A181535,A181538,A1793] Potency is thought to correlate to tissue permeability as the more lipophilic statins such as simvastatin are thought to enter endothelial cells by passive diffusion, as opposed to hydrophilic statins such as [pravastatin] and [rosuvastatin] which are taken up into hepatocytes through OATP1B1 (organic anion transporter protein 1B1)-mediated transport.[A181424,A181460] Despite these differences in potency, several trials have demonstrated only minimal differences in terms of clinical outcomes between statins.
Omeprazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Simvastatin
Omeprazole {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Gastrointestinal pain
Gastrointestinal pain {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Simvastatin
Omeprazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Pantoprazole
Pantoprazole {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Simvastatin
Omeprazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Esomeprazole
Esomeprazole {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Simvastatin
Omeprazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Lansoprazole
Lansoprazole {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Simvastatin
Omeprazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) interacts with {v} (Gene) UGT2B7
UGT2B7 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Simvastatin
Omeprazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C9
CYP2C9 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Dapagliflozin
Dapagliflozin {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Simvastatin
Omeprazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) covaries with {v} (Gene) YRDC
YRDC {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Simvastatin
Omeprazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C8
CYP2C8 {u} (Gene) interacts with {v} (Gene) BLMH
BLMH {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Simvastatin
Omeprazole {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C19
CYP2C19 {u} (Gene) is associated with {v} (Disease) coronary artery disease
coronary artery disease {u} (Disease) is treated by {v} (Compound) Simvastatin
Omeprazole (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Simvastatin (Compound)
Omeprazole (Compound) causes Gastrointestinal pain (Side Effect) and Gastrointestinal pain (Side Effect) is caused by Simvastatin (Compound)
Omeprazole (Compound) resembles Pantoprazole (Compound) and Pantoprazole may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Simvastatin
Omeprazole (Compound) resembles Esomeprazole (Compound) and Es
Omeprazole (Compound) resembles Lansoprazole (Compound) and Lansoprazole may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Simvastatin
Omeprazole (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) interacts with UGT2B7 (Gene) and UGT2B7 (Gene) is bound by Simvastatin (Compound)
Omeprazole (Compound) binds CYP2C9 (Gene) and CYP2C9 (Gene) is bound by Dapagliflozin (Compound) and Dapagliflozin may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Simvastatin
Omeprazole (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) covaries with YRDC (Gene) and YRDC (Gene) is downregulated by Simvastatin (Compound)
Omeprazole (Compound) binds CYP2C8 (Gene) and CYP2C8 (Gene) interacts with BLMH (Gene) and BLMH (Gene) is downregulated by Simvastatin (Compound)
Omeprazole (Compound) binds CYP2C19 (Gene) and CYP2C19 (Gene) is associated with coronary artery disease (Disease) and coronary artery disease (Disease) is treated by Simvastatin (Compound)