DDInter343 DDInter1607
Cetirizine, also commonly known as _Zyrtec_, is an orally active second-generation histamine H1 antagonist proven effective in the treatment of various allergic symptoms, such as sneezing, coughing, nasal congestion, hives, and other symptoms,. One of the most common uses for this drug is for a condition called _allergic rhinitis_. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the United States is about 15% according to physician diagnoses, and up to 30%, according to self-reported nasal symptoms. Allergic rhinitis is associated with multiple missed or unproductive days at work and school, problems with sleep, and other difficulties with day to day activities for many individuals. Furthermore, some antihistamine agents that are used to treat this condition cause undesirable, sedating effects. Cetirizine is one of the first second-generation H1 antihistamines (SGAHs) formulated to selectively inhibit the H1 receptor
Ritonavir is an HIV protease inhibitor that interferes with the reproductive cycle of HIV. Although it was initially developed as an independent antiviral agent, it has been shown to possess advantageous properties in combination regimens with low-dose ritonavir and other protease inhibitors. It is now more commonly used as a booster of other protease inhibitors and is available in both liquid formulations and as capsules. While ritonavir is not an active antiviral agent against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, it is added in combination therapies indicated for the treatment of HCV infections as a booster. Ritonavir is a potent CYP3A inhibitor that increases peak and trough plasma drug concentrations of other protease inhibitors such as and overall drug exposure. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines recommend ritonavir-boosted combination therapies as first-line therapy for HCV Genotype 1a/b and 4 treatment-naïve patients with or without cirrhosis. Ritonavir is found in a fixed-dose combination product with , , and as the FDA-approved product Viekira Pak. First approved in December 2014, Viekira Pak is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis, and when combined with Ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis. Ritonavir is also available as a fixed-dose combination product with and as the FDA- and Health Canada-approved product Technivie. First approved in July 2015, Technivie is indicated in combination with Ribavirin for the treatment of patients with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis. In Canada, ritonavir is also available as a fixed-dose combination product with , , and as the Health Canada-approved, commercially available product Holkira Pak. First approved in January 2015, Holkira Pak is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1b with or without cirrhosis, and when combined with Ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 1a with or without cirrhosis. The inclusion of ritonavir can select for HIV-1 protease inhibitor resistance-associated substitutions. Any HCV/HIV-1 co-infected patients treated with ritonavir-containing combination therapies should also be on a suppressive antiretroviral drug regimen to reduce the risk of HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance. Ritonavir is combined with other drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients at risk for progressing into a severe form of the disease, such as [nirmatrelvir].
Cetirizine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Furunculosis
Furunculosis {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Cetirizine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Palpitations
Palpitations {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Cetirizine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Bepotastine
Bepotastine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Headache
Headache {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Cetirizine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Cyclizine
Cyclizine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C9
CYP2C9 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Cetirizine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Cyclizine
Cyclizine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Nervousness
Nervousness {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Cetirizine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Flunarizine
Flunarizine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2B6
CYP2B6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Cetirizine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2D6
CYP2D6 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Cetirizine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Loperamide
Loperamide {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Atazanavir
Atazanavir {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Cetirizine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Nervousness
Nervousness {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Cetirizine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) CDK6
CDK6 {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) AGR2
AGR2 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ritonavir
Cetirizine (Compound) causes Furunculosis (Side Effect) and Furunculosis (Side Effect) is caused by Ritonavir (Compound)
Cetirizine (Compound) causes Palpitations (Side Effect) and Palpitations (Side Effect) is caused by Atazanavir (Compound) and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Cetirizine (Compound) resembles Bepotastine (Compound) and Bepotastine (Compound) causes Headache (Side Effect) and Headache (Side Effect) is caused by Ritonavir (Compound)
Cetirizine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Cyclizine and Cyclizine (Compound) binds CYP2C9 (Gene) and CYP2C9 (Gene) is bound by Ritonavir (Compound)
Cetirizine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Cyclizine and Cyclizine (Compound) causes Nervousness (Side Effect) and Nervousness (Side Effect) is caused by Ritonavir (Compound)
Cetirizine (Compound) resembles Flunarizine (Compound) and Flunarizine (Compound) binds CYP2B6 (Gene) and CYP2B6 (Gene) is bound by Ritonavir (Compound)
Cetirizine (Compound) resembles Prochlorperazine (Compound) and Prochlorperazine (Compound) binds CYP2D6 (Gene) and CYP2D6 (Gene) is bound by Ritonavir (Compound)
Cetirizine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Loperamide and Loperamide may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Atazanavir and Atazanavir (Compound) resembles Ritonavir (Compound)
Cetirizine (Compound) resembles Prochlorperazine (Compound) and Prochlorperazine (Compound) causes Nervousness (Side Effect) and Nervousness (Side Effect) is caused by Ritonavir (Compound)
Cetirizine (Compound) upregulates CDK6 (Gene) and CDK6 (Gene) regulates AGR2 (Gene) and AGR2 (Gene) is upregulated by Ritonavir (Compound)