DDInter222 DDInter1008
Bortezomib is a dipeptide boronic acid derivative and proteasome inhibitor used to treat multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. The 26S proteasome is a protein complex that degrades ubiquitinated proteins in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway: reversible inhibition of the 26S proteasome, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells, is thought to be the main mechanism of action of bortezomib. However, multiple mechanisms may be involved in the anticancer activity of bortezomib. Bortezomib was first synthesized in 1995. In May 2003, bortezomib became the first anticancer proteasome inhibitor that was approved by the FDA under the trade name VELCADE. Phase I, II, III, and IV clinical trials are undergoing to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of bortezomib in leukemia, myasthenia gravis, systemic
Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent used in the prevention and treatment of a variety of fungal infections.[FDA Label] It functions by preventing the synthesis of ergosterol, the fungal equivalent of cholesterol, thereby increasing membrane fluidity and preventing growth of the fungus.[A181802,T116] Ketoconazole was first approved in an oral formulation for systemic use by the FDA in 1981. At this time it was considered a significant improvement over previous antifungals, [miconazole] and [clotrimazole], due to its broad spectrum and good absorption. However, it was discovered that ketoconazole produces frequent gastrointestinal side effects and dose-related hepatitis.[A188054,A188057] These effects combined with waning efficacy led to its eventual replacement by triazole agents, [fluconazole], [itraconazole], [voriconazole], and [posaconazole]. Ketoconazole and its predecessor [clotrimazole] continue to be used in topical formulations.
Bortezomib {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Bortezomib {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Bortezomib {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) HMGCR
HMGCR {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Bortezomib {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Bortezomib {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Posaconazole
Posaconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Bortezomib {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Itraconazole
Itraconazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Bortezomib {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) HMGCR
HMGCR {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) FDFT1
FDFT1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Bortezomib {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) HMGCS1
HMGCS1 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) SLC35F2
SLC35F2 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Bortezomib {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) DDIT4
DDIT4 {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) ALAS1
ALAS1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Bortezomib {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) ALAS1
ALAS1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Econazole
Econazole {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Ketoconazole
Bortezomib may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Posaconazole and Posaconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Bortezomib (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Bortezomib (Compound) upregulates HMGCR (Gene) and HMGCR (Gene) is upregulated by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Bortezomib (Compound) causes Hypersensitivity (Side Effect) and Hypersensitivity (Side Effect) is caused by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Bortezomib may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Posaconazole and Posaconazole (Compound) resembles Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Bortezomib (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Itraconazole (Compound) and Itraconazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)
Bortezomib (Compound) upregulates HMGCR (Gene) and HMGCR (Gene) is regulated by FDFT1 (Gene) and FDFT1 (Gene) is upregulated by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Bortezomib (Compound) upregulates HMGCS1 (Gene) and HMGCS1 (Gene) is regulated by SLC35F2 (Gene) and SLC35F2 (Gene) is downregulated by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Bortezomib (Compound) upregulates DDIT4 (Gene) and DDIT4 (Gene) regulates ALAS1 (Gene) and ALAS1 (Gene) is upregulated by Ketoconazole (Compound)
Bortezomib (Compound) upregulates ALAS1 (Gene) and ALAS1 (Gene) is upregulated by Econazole (Compound) and Econazole (Compound) resembles Ketoconazole (Compound)