DDInter458 DDInter921
Cyclosporine is a calcineurin inhibitor known for its immunomodulatory properties that prevent organ transplant rejection and treat various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. It is isolated from the fungus _Beauveria nivea_. Initially manufactured by Sandoz and approved for use by the FDA in 1983, cyclosporine is now available in various products by Novartis (previously known as Sandoz).[L11097,L3734,L11118]
Indometacin, or indomethacin, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. NSAIDs consist of agents that are structurally unrelated; the NSAID chemical classification of indometacin is an indole-acetic acid derivative with the chemical name 1- (p-chlorobenzoyl)25-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetic acid. The pharmacological effect of indometacin is not fully understood, however, it is thought to be mediated through potent and nonselective inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which is the main enzyme responsible for catalyzes the rate-limiting step in prostaglandin and thromboxane biosynthesis via the arachidonic acid (AA) pathway. Indometacin was first discovered in 1963 and it was first approved for use in the U.S. by the Food and Drug Administration in 1965, along with other acetic acid derivatives such as [diclofenac] and [sulindac] that were also developed during the 1960s. Since then, indometacin has been extensively studied in clinical trials as one of the most potent NSAIDs in blocking prostaglandin synthesis and was among the first NSAIDs to be used in the symptomatic treatment of migraine and for headaches that eventually became known as “indomethacin-responsive” headache disorders. Most commonly used in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, acute shoulder pains, and acute gouty arthritis, indometacin is currently available as oral capsules as well as other methods of administration, including rectal and intravenous formulations. Intravenous indometacin is administered to close a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, as indicated by clinical evidence, in premature infants. Ophthalmic indometacin has been studied and used in the symptomatic treatment of postoperative ocular inflammation and pain and/or complications after cataract surgery. Although deemed effective in reducing ocular inflammation in clinical studies, topical NSAIDs were also associated with a potential reduction in corneal sensitivity accompanied by an increased risk of superficial punctate keratitis and subjective symptoms of discomfort, including pain, burning or pricking, or a tingling sensation after instillation into the cul‐de‐sac.
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Indomethacin
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) treats {v} (Disease) rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis {u} (Disease) is palliated by {v} (Compound) Indomethacin
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) TIMELESS
TIMELESS {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Indomethacin
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Thrombocytopenic purpura
Thrombocytopenic purpura {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Indomethacin
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) ATP6V1D
ATP6V1D {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Indomethacin
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCC2
ABCC2 {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) GNAI1
GNAI1 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Indomethacin
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C9
CYP2C9 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Agomelatine
Agomelatine {u} (Compound) resembles {v} (Compound) Indomethacin
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP2C19
CYP2C19 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Cimetidine
Cimetidine {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Indomethacin
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCC1
ABCC1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Indomethacin
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCC3
ABCC3 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Methotrexate
Methotrexate {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Indomethacin
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Indomethacin (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) treats rheumatoid arthritis (Disease) and rheumatoid arthritis (Disease) is palliated by Indomethacin (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates TIMELESS (Gene) and TIMELESS (Gene) is downregulated by Indomethacin (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Thrombocytopenic purpura (Side Effect) and Thrombocytopenic purpura (Side Effect) is caused by Indomethacin (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) regulates ATP6V1D (Gene) and ATP6V1D (Gene) is downregulated by Indomethacin (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds ABCC2 (Gene) and ABCC2 (Gene) regulates GNAI1 (Gene) and GNAI1 (Gene) is upregulated by Indomethacin (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds CYP2C9 (Gene) and CYP2C9 (Gene) is bound by Agomelatine (Compound) and Agomelatine (Compound) resembles Indomethacin (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds CYP2C19 (Gene) and CYP2C19 (Gene) is bound by Cimetidine (Compound) and Cimetidine may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Indomethacin
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds ABCC1 (Gene) and ABCC1 (Gene) is bound by Ibuprofen (Compound) and Ibuprofen may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Indomethacin
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds ABCC3 (Gene) and ABCC3 (Gene) is bound by Methotrexate (Compound) and Methotrexate may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Indomethacin