DDInter458 DDInter1628
Cyclosporine is a calcineurin inhibitor known for its immunomodulatory properties that prevent organ transplant rejection and treat various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. It is isolated from the fungus _Beauveria nivea_. Initially manufactured by Sandoz and approved for use by the FDA in 1983, cyclosporine is now available in various products by Novartis (previously known as Sandoz).[L11097,L3734,L11118]
Ruxolitinib, formerly known as INCB018424 or INC424, is an anticancer drug and a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2, which are tyrosine kinases involved in cytokine signalling and hematopoiesis. Myeloproliferative neoplasms, such as myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera, are often characterized by aberrant activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, leading to abnormal blood cell counts and thrombotic complications. By inhibiting JAK1 and JAK2, ruxolitinib works to block the dysregulated cell signalling pathways and prevents abnormal blood cell proliferation. Due to a large number of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms who have JAK2 mutations, ruxolitinib was the first ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 ever developed. Ruxolitinib was first approved for the treatment of adult patients with myelofibrosis by the FDA in 2011, followed by EMA's approval in 2012. In 2014, it was approved for the treatment of polycythemia vera in adults who have an inadequate response to or are intolerant of [hydroxyurea] and in 2019, ruxolitinib was approved for use in steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease in adults and children. The topical formulation of ruxolitinib is used to treat atopic dermatitis and vitiligo. It is being investigated for other inflammatory skin conditions. Ruxolitinib has been investigated to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) accompanied by severe systemic hyperinflammation. In phase II clinical trials, ruxolitinib improved chest computed tomography and improved recovery in patients with lymphopenia.[A229713, A229718] However, phase III clinical trials later determined that ruxolitinib was inadequate in meeting its primary endpoint of reducing the number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients who experienced severe complications thus the drug was not approved as a treatment for COVID-19.
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) PLK4
PLK4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) CYP3A4
CYP3A4 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) UMPS
UMPS {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) KIAA0753
KIAA0753 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) AKT1
AKT1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) NUPR1
NUPR1 {u} (Gene) is downregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Anaemia
Anaemia {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) PLK4
PLK4 {u} (Gene) regulates {v} (Gene) ZNF451
ZNF451 {u} (Gene) is upregulated by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) downregulates {v} (Gene) PLK1
PLK1 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) LRRK2
LRRK2 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Cyclosporine {u} (Compound) upregulates {v} (Gene) KIAA0753
KIAA0753 {u} (Gene) is regulated by {v} (Gene) LTK
LTK {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Ruxolitinib
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates PLK4 (Gene) and PLK4 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) binds CYP3A4 (Gene) and CYP3A4 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates UMPS (Gene) and UMPS (Gene) is upregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) upregulates KIAA0753 (Gene) and KIAA0753 (Gene) is upregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates AKT1 (Gene) and AKT1 (Gene) is downregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) upregulates NUPR1 (Gene) and NUPR1 (Gene) is downregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) causes Anaemia (Side Effect) and Anaemia (Side Effect) is caused by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates PLK4 (Gene) and PLK4 (Gene) regulates ZNF451 (Gene) and ZNF451 (Gene) is upregulated by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) downregulates PLK1 (Gene) and PLK1 (Gene) is regulated by LRRK2 (Gene) and LRRK2 (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)
Cyclosporine (Compound) upregulates KIAA0753 (Gene) and KIAA0753 (Gene) is regulated by LTK (Gene) and LTK (Gene) is bound by Ruxolitinib (Compound)