DDInter1557 DDInter734
An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood.
Fidaxomicin is a novel macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of diarrhea caused by _Clostridioides_ (formerly _Clostridium_) _difficile_ in adult and pediatric patients over the age of 6 months. Fidaxomicin is a naturally-occurring 18-member macrocycle derived from fermentation. Because fidaxomicin contains an 18-membered lactone ring in its structure, it is referred to as a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic drug. The antibacterial activity of fidaxomicin is distinct from macrolides and rifamycins, as the bactericidal activity is time-dependent, and not concentration-dependent. Fidaxomicin was the first macrocyclic lactone antibiotic with activity against _C. difficile_, and it displays a narrow spectrum of activity against gram-positive anaerobes. It mediates its potent bactericidal action on the bacteria by inhibiting the bacterial RNA synthase, thereby disrupting bacterial transcription. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC<sub>90</sub>) for fidaxomicin is four times less than that of [vancomycin], which was the primary drug of choice for _C. difficile_ infection before the approval of fidaxomicin. Unlike vancomycin, however, fidaxomicin has a negligible effect on normal colonic microflora. The FDA initially approved fidaxomicin in May 2011 for the treatment of _C. difficile_-associated diarrhea in adult patients over the age of 18. Later that year in December, the drug was also approved by the European Medicine Agency. In June 2012, fidaxomicin was also granted approval by Health Canada. The approved indication of fidaxomicin was expanded by the FDA in January 2020 to include pediatric patients over the age of 6 months in the treatment population.
Quinine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Quinine {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Immune system disorder
Immune system disorder {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Quinine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Amprenavir
Amprenavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Quinine {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Clarithromycin
Clarithromycin {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Quinine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Amprenavir
Amprenavir {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Flatulence
Flatulence {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Quinine {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Clarithromycin
Clarithromycin {u} (Compound) is included by {v} (Pharmacologic Class) Macrolides
Macrolides {u} (Pharmacologic Class) includes {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Quinine {u} may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with {v} Clarithromycin
Clarithromycin {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Flatulence
Flatulence {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Quinine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Nelfinavir
Nelfinavir {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Quinine {u} may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with {v} Nelfinavir
Nelfinavir {u} (Compound) causes {v} (Side Effect) Flatulence
Flatulence {u} (Side Effect) is caused by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Quinine {u} may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with {v} Cimetidine
Cimetidine {u} (Compound) binds {v} (Gene) ABCB1
ABCB1 {u} (Gene) is bound by {v} (Compound) Fidaxomicin
Quinine (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Quinine (Compound) causes Immune system disorder (Side Effect) and Immune system disorder (Side Effect) is caused by Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Quinine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Amprenavir and Amprenavir (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Quinine may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Clarithromycin and Clarithromycin (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Quinine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Amprenavir and Amprenavir (Compound) causes Flatulence (Side Effect) and Flatulence (Side Effect) is caused by Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Quinine may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Clarithromycin and Clarithromycin (Compound) is included by Macrolides (Pharmacologic Class) and Macrolides (Pharmacologic Class) includes Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Quinine may lead to a major life threatening interaction when taken with Clarithromycin and Clarithromycin (Compound) causes Flatulence (Side Effect) and Flatulence (Side Effect) is caused by Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Quinine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Nelfinavir and Nelfinavir (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Quinine may cause a moderate interaction that could exacerbate diseases when taken with Nelfinavir and Nelfinavir (Compound) causes Flatulence (Side Effect) and Flatulence (Side Effect) is caused by Fidaxomicin (Compound)
Quinine may cause a minor interaction that can limit clinical effects when taken with Cimetidine and Cimetidine (Compound) binds ABCB1 (Gene) and ABCB1 (Gene) is bound by Fidaxomicin (Compound)