text: Kaplin Dublin, Ireland. Kaplin are a band from Dublin and Donegal Ireland. They have released one single, played support shows with the likes of Gallon Drunk, Howe Gelb, American Music Club, Devastations and Stagger Lee. They will release their full length "Devastating Ways" October 2012. Their music is dramatic, dark and cracks open with energy every time they grace a stage. Melancholic, sexy, sleazey and romantic. ... more

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Kaplin

## Section 1: Overview

Kaplin is a band from Dublin and Donegal, Ireland. They have released one single and have played support shows with several well-known bands such as Gallon Drunk, Howe Gelb, American Music Club, Devastations, and Stagger Lee. Kaplin's music is described as dramatic, dark, and energetic. It is also melancholic, sexy, sleazy, and romantic. In this lesson, we will explore the history of Kaplin, their music style, and their impact on the music industry.

## Section 2: History

Kaplin was formed in 2010 by two friends, Cathal and Kevin. They started writing songs together and soon after, they recruited other members to join the band. In 2011, Kaplin released their first single, which received positive reviews from music critics. Since then, they have played several support shows with well-known bands and have gained a loyal following.

In October 2012, Kaplin will release their full-length album, "Devastating Ways." This album is highly anticipated by fans and music critics alike, who are eager to hear the band's latest work.

## Section 3: Music Style

Kaplin's music can be described as a mix of several genres, including rock, blues, and folk. Their music is often characterized by its dramatic and energetic sound, which is complemented by melancholic lyrics. Kaplin's music has been compared to that of several other bands, including The Pogues, The Waterboys, and Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds. However, Kaplin's unique sound sets them apart from these other bands.

## Section 4: Impact on the Music Industry

Kaplin's impact on the music industry is still relatively small, as they have only been active for a few years. However, their music has already garnered attention from both fans and music critics. Kaplin's unique sound and style have the potential to make a significant impact on the music industry in the coming years.

## Glossary
- Band: A group of musicians who perform together
- Single: A song released as a separate recording, usually with one or more tracks
- Full-length album: An album that contains a complete set of songs
- Genre: A category of music that has a specific style or sound
- Melancholic: Expressing or causing feelings of sadness or depression
- Sexy: Attractive and appealing, often in a sexual way
- Sleazy: Having an unpleasant or immoral quality
- Romantic: Relating to love or emotional affairs

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about Kaplin, a band from Dublin and Donegal, Ireland. We explored their music style, which is a mix of rock, blues, and folk, and is characterized by its dramatic and energetic sound. Kaplin's impact on the music industry is still relatively small, but their unique sound and style have the potential to make a significant impact in the coming years. By studying Kaplin's music, we can learn about the importance of originality and creativity in the music industry.


text:
3. We want to take advantage of the built in storage spaces and create a pool of physical SSD's (3) for parity.

4. Avoid buying an expensive SAN!

We want to then share this on the cluster so if one server goes down the other will still share the shared pool. If a drive goes down the parity will offer HA as well.

So, we have tried creating a lab with 2 servers running Standard Server 2016 and one of these PC's has a 500GB SATA HDD in it and a 256GB SSD Boot drive.The other virtually identical PC has a single 256GB SSD in it.

For some reason, if we install the role to cluster both of the PC's we cannot see the 500GB drive to add to the pool. If we destroy the cluster we can.

Not only do we need HA with the physical servers, we also need HA with the drives. Is it possible to have a cluster with Storage Spaces at the same time? Am I missing something?

Also, having tried adding the single standard SATA 500GB WD HDD to a storage spaces pool it failed anyway un-clustered with an error the drive was the wrong type!

Avoiding SAN... good. Storage Spaces.... not good or bad, just "a bit too new and limited to use" in many cases. Have you considered Starwind? It's also free, but way more mature and battle tested than Storage Spaces.

4 Replies

Avoiding SAN... good. Storage Spaces.... not good or bad, just "a bit too new and limited to use" in many cases. Have you considered Starwind? It's also free, but way more mature and battle tested than Storage Spaces.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Storage Spaces in Clustering

### Section 1: What are Storage Spaces?
Storage Spaces are a feature in Windows Server that allows you to combine multiple physical disks into a single logical storage pool. This pool can then be used to create virtual disks that can be used by applications and services.

### Section 2: Why use Storage Spaces in Clustering?
Using Storage Spaces in clustering provides several benefits, including:

1. High Availability (HA): By creating a storage pool with multiple physical disks, if one disk fails, the data can be retrieved from the remaining disks.

2. Scalability: Storage Spaces can be easily expanded by adding more physical disks to the pool.

3. Cost-effectiveness: Instead of purchasing an expensive SAN (Storage Area Network), you can use existing hardware and create a shared storage pool.

4. Flexibility: Storage Spaces can be used with different types of disks, including SSDs and HDDs.

### Section 3: Creating a Storage Space in Clustering
To create a Storage Space in clustering, follow these steps:

1. Determine the size of the storage pool and the number of disks to be used.

2. Create a new Storage Pool by running the "New-StoragePool" cmdlet.

3. Specify the number of disks to be included in the pool and their locations.

4. Choose the type of storage pool to be created (e.g., mirrored, parity, or striped).

5. Configure the storage pool properties, such as the maximum size and the number of copies to be created.

6. Create a new virtual disk by running the "New-VirtualDisk" cmdlet.

7. Select the storage pool created earlier and choose the type of virtual disk to be created (e.g., fixed, differencing, or differencing with copy).

8. Configure the virtual disk properties, such as the size and the number of partitions.

9. Attach the virtual disk to a clustered role or service.

### Section 4: Troubleshooting Storage Spaces in Clustering
If you encounter any issues when creating a Storage Space in clustering, try the following troubleshooting steps:

1. Check the disk partitions and ensure that they are correctly formatted and assigned drive letters.

2. Verify that the disks are properly connected and that the controller is functioning correctly.

3. Check the storage pool configuration and ensure that all disks are listed correctly.

4. Run a disk check (chkdsk) on all disks in the pool to identify any errors.

5. Restart the cluster and the storage services.

6. If the issue persists, consider contacting Microsoft Support or consulting with a professional IT technician.

### Glossary:
- High Availability (HA): A feature that ensures that applications and services are always available, even if a component fails.
- SAN (Storage Area Network): A network that provides access to consolidated, block-level data storage.
- Storage Pool: A logical grouping of physical disks that can be used to create virtual disks.
- Virtual Disk: A logical disk that is created from a physical disk or group of disks.
- Cluster: A group of servers that work together to provide high availability and scalability.
- Mirrored: A type of storage pool that creates two identical copies of the data on different disks.
- Parity: A type of storage pool that creates three or more copies of the data, using a mathematical algorithm to distribute the data across the disks.
- Striped: A type of storage pool that creates two or more copies of the data, with each copy stored on a different disk.


text: Congratulations, you got a pimple. Welcome to being a new teen, as this is definitely most likely the first involving quite a few. This article will reveal las vegas dui attorney have acne, and also enter some of the nearly all common ways that you may clear up your your current skin in addition to prevent fresh acne and bad spots from occurring.. Consider a good very few. 1. Search. What is Plikli?. Plikli is an open source content management system that lets you easily create your own user-powered website.. Latest Comments. Log in to comment or register here.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Plikli

## Section 1: What is Plikli?
Plikli is an open-source content management system that allows users to create their own websites with ease. It is designed to be user-friendly and customizable, making it a popular choice for individuals and businesses looking to establish an online presence.

## Section 2: How does Plikli work?
Plikli works by providing users with a platform to build their websites from scratch or using pre-designed templates. Users can add and edit content, including text, images, videos, and other multimedia elements, using a simple interface that requires no coding knowledge. Plikli also offers a range of features, such as SEO optimization, social media integration, and analytics tools, to help users improve their online visibility and engagement.

## Section 3: Why use Plikli?
There are several reasons why someone might choose to use Plikli to build their website:

- Ease of Use: Plikli's intuitive interface makes it easy for even those with no technical expertise to create a professional-looking website.
- Customization: Plikli offers a wide range of customization options, allowing users to tailor their website to their specific needs and preferences.
- Cost-Effectiveness: Plikli is an open-source platform, meaning it is free to use. This makes it an affordable option for those who may not have the budget for more expensive website building tools.
- Flexibility: Plikli is highly flexible, allowing users to easily update and modify their website as needed.

## Section 4: Examples of Plikli websites
Some examples of websites built using Plikli include:

- Personal blogs
- Small business websites
- Online portfolios
- Nonprofit organizations
- E-commerce stores

## Section 5: Conclusion
In conclusion, Plikli is a powerful and user-friendly content management system that allows users to create and manage their own websites with ease. Whether you are looking to establish an online presence for your business or simply want to share your thoughts and ideas with the world, Plikli provides the tools and features you need to succeed.


text: From AfterDowningStreet.org:. Kucinich: Iraq War Funding Deal Is Immoral. Submitted by davidswanson on Mon, 2007-12-10 21:42. Congress. WASHINGTON, D.C. (December 10, 2007) — Congressman Dennis Kucinich (D-OH) released the following statement before Congress takes up yet another Iraq war funding bill this week:. .. The House is expected to bring up an omnibus spending package this week. The mechanism and timing for inclusion of Iraq war funding in the bill is not yet decided. One option is for the Senate to amend a House-passed version of the bill to reflect the back room deal on domestic spending. It would reportedly not include Iraq war funding. The Senate would add funding for the Iraq war and send it back to the House.. .. Wrap...

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Analyze News Articles

Introduction:
News articles are an essential source of information that helps us stay informed about current events and issues. However, with so much news available, it can be challenging to know how to read and analyze news articles effectively. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and analyze news articles by focusing on the headline, lead, body, and conclusion. We will also explore different types of news articles and practice analyzing them.

Section 1: Understanding the Structure of a News Article

The first step in reading and analyzing news articles is understanding their structure. A typical news article consists of four main parts: the headline, lead, body, and conclusion.

Headline: The headline is the title of the article and should give you an idea of what the story is about. It is usually written in a way that grabs your attention and entices you to read more.

Lead: The lead is the opening paragraph of the article, which provides the most important information. It should answer the who, what, when, where, why, and how of the story. The lead should be concise and engaging, providing enough information to pique your interest and make you want to read more.

Body: The body of the article contains additional details and information about the story. This section should provide context, quotes, and other relevant facts to help you understand the issue or event.

Conclusion: The conclusion is the last paragraph of the article, which summarizes the main points and provides closure. It may also include a call to action or a final thought on the issue.

Section 2: Types of News Articles

There are several types of news articles, each with its own purpose and structure. These include:

1. Hard News: Hard news articles report recent events or happenings. They are typically written in a straightforward manner, providing the facts without editorializing.

2. Feature: Feature articles are longer and more in-depth than hard news articles. They often focus on a specific person, place, or event and provide additional background information and context.

3. Opinion: Opinion articles express the author's personal views on a particular issue. They may argue for or against a particular position and may include personal anecdotes or examples.

4. Editorial: Editorials are written by the editorial board of a publication and represent the newspaper's or magazine's official stance on an issue. They are usually written in response to current events or issues.

Section 3: Analyzing News Articles

Now that we understand the structure of a news article and the different types of articles, let's practice analyzing them. We will use the following article as our example:

Article Title: "New Study Finds Link Between Sugar Consumption and Obesity"

Headline: The headline tells us that there is a new study that has found a link between sugar consumption and obesity.

Lead: The lead states, "A new study published in the Journal of Nutrition and Health has found a significant link between increased sugar consumption and the rising rates of obesity in the United States."

Body: The body of the article goes into more detail about the study, including the methods used, the results, and the conclusions drawn. It also includes quotes from experts in the field and provides additional context about the issue of obesity in America.

Conclusion: The conclusion summarizes the main points of the article and encourages readers to take action by reducing their sugar intake.

Analysis: In this example, we can see that the article follows the typical structure of a news article. The headline is attention-grabbing, while the lead provides the most important information. The body of the article provides additional details and context, and the conclusion summarizes the main points. By analyzing the article, we can learn about the study's findings and their implications for obesity rates in America.

Glossary:
- Hard news: A type of news article that reports recent events or happenings.
- Feature: A type of news article that focuses on a specific person, place, or event and provides additional background information and context.
- Opinion: A type of news article that expresses the author's personal views on a particular issue.
- Editorial: A type of news article that represents the newspaper's or magazine's official stance on an issue.

Conclusion: Reading and analyzing news articles is an essential skill that helps us stay informed about current events and issues. By understanding the structure of a news article and the different types of articles, we can effectively analyze and interpret the information presented. By practicing analyzing news articles, we can develop critical thinking skills and become better informed citizens.


text:
Multnomah County Library Providing a Personal Connection

Multnomah County Library is currently embarking on the initial phases of a community engagement process that will attempt to improve the library’s strategic priorities and services by better understanding their community’s aspirations, needs and obstacles. This process, while new, stems from a clear devotion to reaching as many people within their community as possible.

Data Shows the Way

One recent initiative within the library was to explore how they could better serve the segments of their population with the fewest resources. After examining the data, it was clear: the areas with the highest rate of restricted access or blocked cards due to fines were the same areas with the highest rates of poverty. The library’s solution was elegantly simple: waive existing use fines, and stop collecting fines on youth accounts and on youth-related materials altogether. The library undertook this initiative at the start of its 2016 summer reading program, a huge point of engagement for large sections of the community, in which over 100,000 children participate each year. By waiving these fines, the library restored access to about 8,000 young people and their families.

Try an Online Librarian

My Librarian Initiative, Multnomah County Library, OR

A second recent initiative was the launch of My Librarian, an online portal for people to connect with librarians to find their next great read. The portal introduces patrons to librarians with compelling images and a host of information regarding the librarians’ reading preferences.

“One of the highest value-adds the library brings the people it serves is the personal connection,” shares Shawn Cunningham, Director of Communications and Strategic Initiatives. “We wanted to transfer that essential human connection between a patron and a librarian to a digital format.” This initiative, too, was rooted in the data. After learning that more people use the library online than in person, the library engaged in focus groups, learning more about how people were using the library before designing the service. “We were looking for ways to make the process of reader’s advisory something people could engage with from their phone, tablet, or computer,” adds Cunningham.

MultCoLib Mobile App

Go Mobile

Multnomah also provides their patrons with easy access to all the library’s resources with their MultCoLib Boopsie mobile app. In 2016, Multnomah patrons used the app to make over 12.5 million queries and the app has been downloaded by over 26,000 people!

Key Takeaways

1. Try new things. It’s OK to fail.

2. Be a shapeshifter. “Flexibility shows that the public library isn’t static.”

3. “Serve people where they are, in the ways they want to use the library” through partnerships with community-based organizations and nonprofits.

4. Find where you can “plug-in” and leverage existing channels and networks in creative ways. Through these avenues, the library is able to “constantly listen to what our community wants, making changes based on changing patterns of behavior and how people use the library.”

5. “Steal our library’s stuff [ideas], or if not ours, someone else’s! Libraries are about sharing and collaboration — leveraging good ideas that exist for the common good.”

Latest Tweets

We've broken down the @ALALibrary's "State of America's Libraries" report for you! Discover 3 ways your #library can connect with and play an even greater role in serving your #community's needs. Read the blog: https://t.co/yuaJhR0mun

textbook:
Lesson: Data Analysis for Community Engagement

Introduction:

In this lesson, we will learn how to analyze data to understand the needs and aspirations of a community. We will use the example of the Multnomah County Library, which wanted to improve its services by better understanding its community's needs.

Section 1: Understanding the Importance of Data Analysis

Topic 1: Why is data analysis important?

Data analysis is an essential tool for understanding the needs and aspirations of a community. It helps organizations like libraries to make informed decisions based on facts and figures instead of assumptions or hunches.

Topic 2: How does data analysis help in community engagement?

Data analysis helps in community engagement by providing insights into the community's needs, preferences, and behaviors. By analyzing data, the library can identify gaps in its services and tailor them to meet the community's needs more effectively.

Section 2: Collecting and Analyzing Data

Topic 1: What types of data can be collected?

There are several types of data that can be collected, including surveys, focus groups, interviews, and social media analytics. The library can use these methods to gather information about the community's needs and preferences.

Topic 2: How can data be analyzed?

Once the data is collected, it can be analyzed using various methods, such as statistical analysis, data visualization, and machine learning. These methods help to identify patterns and trends in the data that can inform decision-making.

Section 3: Applying Data Analysis to Community Engagement

Topic 1: How did the library use data analysis?

The library used data analysis to identify areas where it could improve its services. It found that the areas with the highest rate of restricted access or blocked cards due to fines were the same areas with the highest rates of poverty.

Topic 2: What was the library's solution?

The library's solution was to waive existing use fines and stop collecting fines on youth accounts and on youth-related materials altogether. This initiative was implemented at the start of its 2016 summer reading program, a huge point of engagement for large sections of the community.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, data analysis is a powerful tool for understanding the needs and aspirations of a community. By analyzing data, the library was able to identify areas where it could improve its services and make a meaningful impact on the community. This lesson has shown how data analysis can be applied to community engagement and how it can lead to positive changes.

Glossary:

Data analysis: The process of cleaning, transforming, and modeling data to uncover useful information and insights.

Community engagement: A process in which organizations and individuals work together to identify and address the needs and aspirations of a community.

Machine learning: A subset of artificial intelligence that involves training algorithms to make predictions or decisions based on data.


text: Reducing Your Digital Carbon Footprint. February 9, 2021 @ 1:00 pm - 3:00 pm EST| Free. The digital is material. Learn how you can measure and reduce your digital carbon footprint to “embody the just and liberated worlds we long for” (adrienne maree brown).. In this workshop, we’ll talk about the material impacts of our digital lives. You will be given tools to measure and understand these impacts and, through an ethics of care, reduce and repair harm by shrinking your digital carbon footprint. We frame this work, not through the faulty ideology of individual responsibility, but through the Black feminist praxis of adrienne maree brown’s Emergent Strategy: Shaping Change, Changing Worlds. Without absolving corporations and governments of environmental responsibility, we simultaneously embrace “ways for humans to practice being in right relationship to our home and each other, to practice complexity, and grow a compelling future together through relatively simple interactions” (brown 24). Join us in this work!

textbook:
Lesson: Reducing Your Digital Carbon Footprint
Introduction:
In today's world, technology has become an integral part of our lives. From communication to entertainment, we rely on digital devices to perform most of our daily tasks. However, the use of technology also comes with a cost – a carbon footprint. The digital carbon footprint refers to the amount of greenhouse gas emissions caused by the use of digital technologies. In this lesson, we will explore ways to measure and reduce our digital carbon footprint to help create a more sustainable future.
Section 1: Understanding the Digital Carbon Footprint
Topic 1: What is a digital carbon footprint?
- A digital carbon footprint refers to the amount of greenhouse gas emissions caused by the use of digital technologies such as computers, smartphones, and social media platforms.
Topic 2: How is the digital carbon footprint calculated?
- The digital carbon footprint is calculated by measuring the amount of energy used by digital devices and the associated emissions from power generation.
Topic 3: Why is it important to reduce our digital carbon footprint?
- Reducing our digital carbon footprint helps to mitigate the impact of climate change and promotes a more sustainable future.
Section 2: Measuring Your Digital Carbon Footprint
Topic 1: How can I measure my digital carbon footprint?
- There are several online tools available that can help you measure your digital carbon footprint, such as the Carbon Footprint Calculator.
Topic 2: What factors contribute to my digital carbon footprint?
- Factors that contribute to your digital carbon footprint include the type of device you use, the amount of time you spend online, and the energy source used to power your device.
Topic 3: How can I reduce my digital carbon footprint?
- You can reduce your digital carbon footprint by using energy-efficient devices, reducing the amount of time you spend online, and choosing renewable energy sources.
Section 3: Reducing Your Digital Carbon Footprint in Practice
Topic 1: How can I reduce my digital carbon footprint in my daily life?
- You can reduce your digital carbon footprint in your daily life by turning off electronic devices when not in use, using public transportation or carpooling instead of driving, and reducing the amount of paper waste you produce.
Topic 2: How can I reduce my digital carbon footprint at work?
- You can reduce your digital carbon footprint at work by using energy-efficient devices, turning off electronics when not in use, and reducing paper waste.
Topic 3: How can I reduce my digital carbon footprint in my community?
- You can reduce your digital carbon footprint in your community by supporting local businesses, reducing energy consumption, and participating in community events that promote sustainability.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, reducing our digital carbon footprint is an important step towards creating a more sustainable future. By understanding the impact of our digital activities, measuring our digital carbon footprint, and taking steps to reduce it, we can play an active role in mitigating climate change and promoting a more equitable future for all.


text: I have not picked up the sketch book in awhile, so I decided I had to sketch this morning. This is Ajax sleeping. He was drawn in black ink and his dreams were captured in colored pencil because Scotties dream in color you know. I think I was influenced by Miss Kathy Weller's interview earlier this month. I really like the little stories she tells with her work.. 3 comments:. hi rebecca!. your sketch is wonderful!. i love it!. xo. melissa. I love this. Its wonderful and simple.. Your sketch is great! Working in your sketch book is a good form of relaxation!

textbook:
Lesson: How to Sketch a Picture

Introduction:
Sketching is an art that involves creating rough drawings or designs on paper or other materials. It is a valuable skill that can help you express your creativity and capture the beauty of the world around you. In this lesson, we will learn how to sketch a picture step by step.

Step 1: Choose your subject
The first step in sketching a picture is to choose your subject. This could be anything from a landscape to a portrait, a still life, or even an abstract design. Once you have chosen your subject, take a few moments to observe it carefully and think about how you want to represent it in your sketch.

Step 2: Gather your materials
Next, gather all the materials you will need to create your sketch. You will need a sketchbook or paper, a pencil or pen, and any other drawing tools you prefer (such as charcoal, pastels, or markers). You may also want to have a reference image or photograph handy to help guide your sketch.

Step 3: Lightly sketch the outline of your subject
Begin by lightly sketching the outline of your subject using your pencil or pen. Be sure to keep your lines light and loose, as you will be able to adjust them later if needed. This is just a guideline to help you keep your proportions and placement accurate.

Step 4: Add details and shading
Once you have your outline down, start adding more details and shading to your sketch. Use your pencil or pen to add texture and depth to your subject, and use hatching or cross-hatching techniques to create shadows and highlights. Take your time with this step, as it will help make your sketch look more realistic and three-dimensional.

Step 5: Erase any mistakes
If you make any mistakes while sketching, don't worry – just use your eraser to fix them. Remember that perfection is not the goal of sketching; instead, the aim is to capture the essence of your subject in a quick and loose manner.

Step 6: Sign your sketch
When you are satisfied with your sketch, sign your name on the bottom or side of the page. This is a great way to take pride in your work and show others that you created it.

Conclusion:
Sketching is a fun and rewarding activity that can help you develop your artistic skills and express yourself creatively. By following these steps, you can learn how to sketch a picture with confidence and skill. Remember to practice regularly, experiment with different materials and techniques, and always have fun with your art!


text: Under the HOPES supported project of psychosocial support services for Syrian refugee students and students from the host community, the Center for Psychosocial support at Hawler Medical University will conduct a workshop on 12 April 2019 at the College of Health Sciences, Hawler Medical University. The workshop is for students from the different universities in Erbil city including both Syrian refugee students and students from the host community.. The aim of the workshop is to introduce the Psychosocial Support Center at Hawler Medical University and its services to the students.. Workshop moderators:. Assist. Prof. Dr. Banaz Adnan Saeed. Dr. Izaddin Ahmed. Mr. Brwa Adnan

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Psychosocial Support Services

Introduction:
Psychosocial support services are essential for individuals who have experienced trauma or stress. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of psychosocial support services and how they can benefit individuals.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is the importance of psychosocial support services in helping individuals cope with trauma and stress.

Lesson Plan:

I. Theoretical Concepts
- Definition of Psychosocial Support Services
- Importance of Psychosocial Support Services
- Types of Psychosocial Support Services

II. Questions and Answers
- What is the definition of Psychosocial Support Services?
- Why are Psychosocial Support Services important?
- What are the types of Psychosocial Support Services?

III. Practical Examples
- Real-world scenarios where Psychosocial Support Services are needed
- Mathematical abstractions to illustrate the effectiveness of Psychosocial Support Services

IV. Self-Debating Discussions
- How can Psychosocial Support Services be implemented in different scenarios?
- What are the challenges in providing Psychosocial Support Services?
- How can we measure the effectiveness of Psychosocial Support Services?

V. Glossary
- Psychosocial Support Services: Services that aim to help individuals cope with trauma and stress by addressing their social, emotional, and psychological needs.

VI. Conclusion
In conclusion, we have learned about the importance of Psychosocial Support Services and how they can benefit individuals who have experienced trauma or stress. By understanding the different types of Psychosocial Support Services and real-world scenarios where they can be applied, we can better appreciate the value of these services. We have also engaged in self-debating discussions to think critically about the challenges and effectiveness of Psychosocial Support Services. Finally, we have defined key terms in our glossary to enhance our understanding of the subject matter.

VII. Application to New Problems
By applying the concepts learned in this lesson, we can identify situations where Psychosocial Support Services may be needed and advocate for their implementation. For example, if a friend or family member has experienced a traumatic event, we can suggest Psychosocial Support Services as a means of helping them cope with their emotions and psychological well-being.


text:
Images

The images that follow were obtained using CCD imaging technology available at the Saint Johns Observatory. If you have thought that astronomy is just "stargazing", these images demonstrate that there is a lot more out there than just stars!

M20. The "Trifid Nebula".

NGC891. A distant galaxy in Andromeda.

M8. The "Lagoon Nebula".

In color:

M27. The "Dumbell Nebula".

M51. The "Whirlpool Galaxy".

M57. The "Ring Nebula".

M17. The "Swan Nebula".

And finally, a little closer to home are the familiar Jupiter and Saturn:

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Astronomy Imaging Technology

### Overview

In this lesson, we will learn about the CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) imaging technology used in astronomy to capture images of celestial objects. We will explore the types of images obtained using this technology and discuss the importance of astronomy beyond just stargazing.

### Objectives

- Understand the basics of CCD imaging technology in astronomy
- Identify different types of celestial images obtained using CCD technology
- Appreciate the significance of astronomy beyond just stargazing

### Background Knowledge

Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere. It involves observing and analyzing objects such as stars, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and galaxies.

### Section 1: CCD Imaging Technology in Astronomy

CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) imaging technology is a powerful tool used by astronomers to capture images of celestial objects. It works by detecting and measuring the amount of light received by an object or area of the sky. The technology is highly sensitive and can detect even the faintest of light, allowing astronomers to observe even the most distant objects in the universe.

### Section 2: Types of Celestial Images Obtained Using CCD Technology

The images obtained using CCD imaging technology are diverse and can range from simple to complex. Some of the common types of images include:

1. Deep Sky Images: These images capture the faint and distant objects in the universe, such as nebulae, galaxies, and star clusters.

2. Solar System Images: These images focus on objects within our solar system, including planets, moons, asteroids, and comets.

3. Planetary Images: These images are specifically of planets and their features, such as craters, mountains, and atmospheres.

4. Spectroscopy Images: These images show the distribution of light across the spectrum, allowing astronomers to study the chemical composition of celestial objects.

### Section 3: The Significance of Astronomy Beyond Just Stargazing

Astronomy is not just about stargazing; it is a scientific field that seeks to understand the universe and its origins. By studying celestial objects and phenomena, astronomers can learn about the history and evolution of the universe, the formation of galaxies and stars, and the existence of extraterrestrial life. This knowledge can help us understand our place in the cosmos and contribute to our understanding of the world around us.

### Glossary

- CCD (Charge-Coupled Device): A device used in astronomy to capture images of celestial objects. It works by detecting and measuring the amount of light received by an object or area of the sky.
- Celestial Objects: Objects in space, such as stars, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and galaxies.
- Nebulae: A large cloud of gas and dust in space.
- Galaxies: A group of stars, planets, and other matter held together by gravity.
- Star Clusters: A group of stars that are close together in space.
- Spectroscopy: The study of the distribution of light across the spectrum.

### Conclusion

In conclusion, CCD imaging technology has revolutionized astronomy by enabling astronomers to capture detailed images of celestial objects. The images obtained using this technology are diverse and provide valuable insights into the universe. Astronomy is not just about stargazing; it is a scientific field that seeks to understand the universe and its origins. By studying celestial objects and phenomena, we can learn about the history and evolution of the universe, the formation of galaxies and stars, and the existence of extraterrestrial life.


text: added this 11 years ago. Chickpea Soup. What you need:. 1 tin chickpeas (about 400g). 1 white onion. 1/2 carrot. 2 to 3 tablespoons olive oil. 1 tablespoon soya sauce. 1 veggie cube stock or equivalent. 1 clove garlic. a pinch powdered ginger (can use fresh if u like). dried herbs de provence or sage. fresh parsley. What you do:. Slice the onion and carrot thinly, place in a sauce pan with the olive oil and wait until the onions have gone golden.. At this point add the clove of garlic and the chickpeas, give it a good stir and cover with water. Add your veggie cube (or liquid stock omitting the water), pinch of ginger, parsley and herbs.. Boil for about half an hour, add the tablespoon of soya sauce and liquidize :). Preparation Time:. Cooking Time:. Servings:. 2 to 3. Recipe Category:. SO HOW'D IT GO?. Be the first to add a comment.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Make Chickpea Soup
Introduction:
In this self-taught lesson, we will learn how to make chickpea soup from scratch. We will cover the ingredients, instructions, and techniques involved in making a delicious and healthy soup. This lesson is suitable for primary through high school students who are interested in learning how to cook.
Ingredients:
- 1 tin chickpeas (about 400g)
- 1 white onion
- 1/2 carrot
- 2 to 3 tablespoons olive oil
- 1 tablespoon soya sauce
- 1 veggie cube stock or equivalent
- 1 clove garlic
- a pinch powdered ginger (can use fresh if u like)
- dried herbs de provence or sage
- fresh parsley
Instructions:
1. Slice the onion and carrot thinly, place in a sauce pan with the olive oil and wait until the onions have gone golden.
2. At this point add the clove of garlic and the chickpeas, give it a good stir and cover with water.
3. Add your veggie cube (or liquid stock omitting the water), pinch of ginger, parsley, and herbs.
4. Boil for about half an hour, add the tablespoon of soya sauce and liquidize.
5. Serve hot and enjoy!
Techniques:
- Slicing: Cut the onion and carrot into thin strips.
- Boiling: Bring the soup to a boil and let it simmer for half an hour.
- Liquidizing: Use a blender or immersion blender to puree the soup until smooth.
- Seasoning: Add herbs, spices, and other seasonings to taste.
Questions:
1. What are the ingredients needed to make chickpea soup?
2. How long does it take to boil the soup?
3. What is the purpose of adding soya sauce to the soup?
4. Can you substitute the veggie cube stock with chicken or beef broth?
5. What is the difference between dried and fresh herbs?
Conclusion:
Making chickpea soup is a simple and delicious way to incorporate more plant-based protein into your diet. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can create a hearty and flavorful soup that is perfect for a cold day or a cozy night in. Remember to experiment with different herbs and spices to find the perfect balance of flavors for your taste buds.
Glossary:
- Tin: A small container made of metal, typically used for storing food.
- Veggie cube stock: A type of vegetable broth that comes in cube form.
- Immersion blender: A handheld device used to puree soups and sauces directly in the pot or pan.
- Herbs de provence: A blend of dried herbs commonly used in French cuisine.
- Fresh parsley: A type of herb with a bright green color and a mild, earthy flavor.


text: Quality Made To Measure Blinds. Always branded, always sharpQuality is often being compromised in the need to satisfy budgets , systems for made to measure rollers blinds designed and manufactured in the uk. We use the system to make a wide range of manual and electric roller blinds in our workshop.. All the products we use have a good function design, with child safety, long lifetime, smart shape and ease of use in mind.. - Hunter Douglas pleated and duette blinds, both for windows or conservatories, manual or electric.. - Somfy motors and controls for all compatible blinds.. - Designer fabrics for all fabric rollers, curtains and roman blinds.. - Luxaflex metal and wood venetians. Benthin vertical blinds tracks, manual and electric.. - Forest and SG for curtain and roman blinds tracks.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Make Quality Blinds
---
### Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about making quality blinds that are tailored to meet specific needs. Blinds are essential components of any window treatment, providing privacy, light control, and insulation. However, not all blinds are created equal, and it is crucial to understand the factors that contribute to their quality.
### Section 2: Understanding Quality Blinds
Quality blinds are those that are designed and manufactured using high-quality materials and techniques. They are durable, functional, and aesthetically pleasing. Quality blinds can be customized to fit any window size and shape, and they come in various styles, colors, and fabrics.
### Section 3: Materials and Techniques
To make quality blinds, you need to use high-quality materials such as wood, metal, or fabric. These materials should be sourced from reputable suppliers and should be tested for quality before use. Additionally, the techniques used to make the blinds should be precise and accurate to ensure that the final product meets the desired quality standards.
### Section 4: Customization
Quality blinds can be customized to fit any window size and shape. This means that you can choose the type of blind, the color, the fabric, and the design that best suits your needs. Customization ensures that you get a product that is unique and tailored to your preferences.
### Section 5: Maintenance
Quality blinds require minimal maintenance. They should be cleaned regularly to remove dust and dirt, and they should be inspected periodically to ensure that they are functioning properly. In case of any damage, repairs should be done promptly to prevent further damage.
### Section 6: Conclusion
Making quality blinds requires attention to detail, precision, and creativity. By understanding the materials and techniques used to make blinds, customizing them to fit specific needs, and maintaining them properly, you can create blinds that are durable, functional, and aesthetically pleasing. By applying these skills to new projects, you can continue to produce high-quality blinds that meet the needs of your customers.
### Glossary
- Quality: refers to the degree of excellence or superiority of a product or service.
- Customization: refers to the process of tailoring a product or service to meet specific needs or preferences.
- Maintenance: refers to the regular upkeep and care required to keep a product or service in good condition.


text: Immigration and Intergenerational Mobility in Metropolitan Los Angeles (IIMMLA), 2004 (ICPSR 22627) Summary random sampling.. Universe View help for.. Unit(s) of Observation View help for Unit(s) of Observation. Data Type(s) View help for Data Type(s). Mode of Data Collection View help for Mode of Data Collection. Original Release Date View help for Original Release Date. 2008-06-19. Version Date View help for Version Date. 2008-07-01. Version History View help for Version History. -.. 2008-07-01 Edits were made to the metadata record.. 2008).

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Immigration and Intergenerational Mobility in Metropolitan Los Angeles

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the concept of immigration and intergenerational mobility in Metropolitan Los Angeles. We will learn about the various factors that influence immigration patterns and how they impact intergenerational mobility. This lesson is designed for primary through high school students who want to gain a better understanding of this topic.

Section 1: Understanding Immigration and Intergenerational Mobility

Topic 1: What is Immigration?
Immigration refers to the movement of people from one country to another for the purpose of settling there permanently or temporarily. It can be voluntary or involuntary and can be driven by economic, political, or social factors.

Topic 2: What is Intergenerational Mobility?
Intergenerational mobility refers to the ability of individuals to move up or down the socioeconomic ladder compared to their parents' generation. It is often used to measure the degree of social mobility in a society.

Topic 3: How do Immigration and Intergenerational Mobility Relate?
Immigration can have a significant impact on intergenerational mobility. In some cases, immigrants may experience upward mobility due to their newfound opportunities in a new country. However, in other cases, immigrants may experience downward mobility if they face barriers to employment or education.

Section 2: Factors Influencing Immigration Patterns

Topic 4: Economic Factors
Economic factors such as job opportunities, wages, and living costs can influence immigration patterns. For example, immigrants may be attracted to a country with a strong economy and high demand for their skills.

Topic 5: Political Factors
Political factors such as political stability, human rights, and democracy can also influence immigration patterns. Individuals may choose to migrate to a country with more stable politics and a better human rights record.

Topic 6: Social Factors
Social factors such as family ties, culture, and language can also play a role in immigration patterns. Individuals may choose to migrate to a country where they have family members or share a common culture and language.

Section 3: Impact of Immigration on Intergenerational Mobility

Topic 7: Positive Impacts
Immigration can have positive impacts on intergenerational mobility. For example, immigrants may bring new skills and knowledge to a country, which can create opportunities for upward mobility.

Topic 8: Negative Impacts
Immigration can also have negative impacts on intergenerational mobility. For example, immigrants may face barriers to employment or education, which can limit their upward mobility opportunities.

Section 4: Real-World Examples

Topic 9: The Impact of Immigration on Intergenerational Mobility in Metropolitan Los Angeles
The IIMMLA study conducted in 2004 aimed to understand the impact of immigration on intergenerational mobility in Metropolitan Los Angeles. The study found that while immigrants faced some barriers to upward mobility, they were still able to achieve higher levels of intergenerational mobility than their children born in the United States.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, immigration and intergenerational mobility are complex topics that are influenced by various factors. Understanding these factors can help us better understand the impact of immigration on intergenerational mobility. By studying real-world examples like the IIMMLA study, we can gain valuable insights into how immigration affects social mobility in our society.


text:
Charge and orbital orders and structural instability in high-pressure quadruple perovskite CeCuMn6O12.
We prepared a quadruple perovskite CeCuMn6O12 under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions at 6 GPa and about 1670 K and investigated its structural, magnetic and transport properties. CeCuMn6O12 crystallizes in space group Im-3 above T CO = 297 K; below this temperature, it adopts space group R-3 with the 1:3 (Mn4+:Mn3+) charge and orbital orders. Unusual compressed Mn3+O6 octahedra are realized in CeCuMn6O12 similar to CaMn7O12 with the -Q 3 Jahn-Teller distortion mode. Below about 90 K, structural instability takes place with phase separation and the appearance of competing phases; and below 70 K, two R-3 phases coexist. CeCuMn6O12 exhibits a ferromagnetic-like transition below T C = 140 K, and it is a semiconductor with the magnetoresistance reaching about -40% at 140 K and 70 kOe. We argued that the valence of Ce is +3 in CeCuMn6O12 with the Ce3+([Formula: see text])([Formula: see text])O12 charge distribution in the charge-ordered R-3 phase and Ce3+([Formula: see text])([Formula: see text])O12 in the charge-disordered Im-3 phase.

textbook:
Lesson: High-Pressure and High-Temperature Conditions in Quadruple Perovskite CeCuMn6O12

**Introduction**

Quadruple perovskites are a class of materials with the general formula ABX2YO12, where A is a rare-earth element, B is a transition metal, X is an anion, and Y is an oxygen ion. These materials have attracted significant attention due to their unique properties and potential applications in electronics, energy storage, and catalysis. In this lesson, we will explore the effects of high-pressure and high-temperature conditions on the structural, magnetic, and transport properties of quadruple perovskite CeCuMn6O12.

**Section 1: Structural Properties**

CeCuMn6O12 crystallizes in the Im-3 space group above its transition temperature (T CO) of 297 K. However, below this temperature, it adopts the R-3 space group with a 1:3 (Mn4+:Mn3+) charge and orbital order. This means that there are three Mn4+ ions for every one Mn3+ ion in the structure.

**Section 2: Magnetic Properties**

Unusual compressed Mn3+O6 octahedra are realized in CeCuMn6O12, similar to those found in CaMn7O12. These octahedra exhibit a -Q3 Jahn-Teller distortion mode, which is a type of structural instability. This instability leads to a ferromagnetic-like transition below a critical temperature (T C) of 140 K.

**Section 3: Transport Properties**

CeCuMn6O12 is a semiconductor with a magnetoresistance that can reach up to -40% at 140 K and 70 kOe. This property makes it suitable for use in electronic devices such as sensors and transistors.

**Glossary**

- Quadruple perovskite: A class of materials with the general formula ABX2YO12, where A is a rare-earth element, B is a transition metal, X is an anion, and Y is an oxygen ion.
- Charge order: An arrangement of ions in a crystal lattice where each ion has a specific position and charge.
- Orbital order: An arrangement of atomic orbitals in a crystal lattice where each orbital has a specific position and orientation.
- Jahn-Teller distortion: A type of structural instability where the coordination environment around a central atom changes, leading to changes in the electronic structure and properties of the material.
- Semiconductor: A material that has an electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.
- Magnetoresistance: The change in electrical resistance of a material when subjected to a magnetic field.

**Conclusion**

In this lesson, we have explored the effects of high-pressure and high-temperature conditions on the structural, magnetic, and transport properties of quadruple perovskite CeCuMn6O12. We have learned about the 1:3 (Mn4+:Mn3+) charge and orbital orders, the unusual compressed Mn3+O6 octahedra, and the structural instability that leads to a ferromagnetic-like transition and a semiconducting behavior. By understanding these properties, we can apply this knowledge to other materials and develop new technologies for various applications.


text: Hello pages effortlessly. Whether that ? front-end or back-end, Visual Composer is quick and easy to use. Pick and choose from 200+ elements that reflect both your personal style and practical needs. You can Get Composer Responsive Multipurpose High-performance WordPress Theme v3.3.1 From Here. You can Download Free Composer High performance WordPress Theme Nulled From Paid4Free.com.. For More Information About These Theme Click Below Link. Share With Your social Media For Help Us to Serve You more... Thanks…... This content is locked. Share This Page To Unlock The Content!

textbook:
**Lesson: Introduction to Web Development**

**Section 1: Front-end vs Back-end Web Development**

In web development, there are two main areas of focus: front-end and back-end. Front-end development refers to the design and user interface of a website, while back-end development deals with the server-side functionality and database management. Understanding the difference between these two areas is essential for anyone interested in pursuing a career in web development.

**Questions and Answers:**

Q: What is front-end development?
A: Front-end development refers to the part of web development that deals with the design, layout, and user interface of a website. It involves creating the visual elements of a site, such as the layout, colors, and fonts, using languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

Q: What is back-end development?
A: Back-end development deals with the server-side functionality and database management of a website. It involves programming languages like PHP, Python, or Ruby, and frameworks like Django or Ruby on Rails. Back-end developers work on the functionality of a site, such as creating forms, managing user accounts, and handling server-side requests.

**Definitions of Purpose:**

Front-end development focuses on creating an attractive and functional user interface for a website, while back-end development deals with the server-side functionality and database management needed to make the site work efficiently.

**Practical Examples:**

A front-end developer might create a beautiful and responsive design for a website using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, while a back-end developer would handle server-side functionality, such as creating a login system or managing user data using PHP or Python.

**Section 2: Using Visual Composer**

Visual Composer is a popular front-end development tool that allows users to quickly and easily create complex websites without needing to know any coding. It offers a wide range of customizable elements, such as sliders, buttons, and forms, making it a great choice for beginners or those who want to save time on design.

**Questions and Answers:**

Q: What is Visual Composer?
A: Visual Composer is a front-end development tool that allows users to create complex websites quickly and easily without needing to know any coding. It offers a wide range of customizable elements, such as sliders, buttons, and forms.

Q: How does Visual Composer work?
A: Visual Composer works by providing a visual interface for creating web pages. Users can drag and drop elements onto the page, then customize them using a variety of settings. Once the page is complete, Visual Composer generates the necessary HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code to make the page function correctly.

**Definitions of Purpose:**

Visual Composer is a powerful tool for front-end developers who want to create complex websites quickly and easily without needing to know any coding.

**Practical Examples:**

A user might use Visual Composer to create a beautiful landing page for their website, complete with a slider, contact form, and call-to-action buttons. They could also use Visual Composer to create a complex blog layout with multiple columns, sidebars, and widgets.

**Section 3: Using Composer Responsive Multipurpose High-performance WordPress Theme**

Composer Responsive Multipurpose High-performance WordPress Theme is another popular front-end development tool that offers a wide range of customizable elements and features. It is designed to be highly flexible and adaptable, making it a great choice for creating unique and complex websites.

**Questions and Answers:**

Q: What is Composer Responsive Multipurpose High-performance WordPress Theme?
A: Composer Responsive Multipurpose High-performance WordPress Theme is a front-end development tool that offers a wide range of customizable elements and features, making it highly flexible and adaptable. It is designed to help users create unique and complex websites quickly and easily.

Q: How does Composer Responsive Multipurpose High-performance WordPress Theme work?
A: Composer Responsive Multipurpose High-performance WordPress Theme works by providing a variety of customizable elements and features, such as sliders, buttons, and forms. Users can easily drag and drop these elements onto their page and customize them using a variety of settings. Once the page is complete, Composer Responsive Multipurpose High-performance WordPress Theme generates the necessary HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code to make the page function correctly.

**Definitions of Purpose:**

Composer Responsive Multipurpose High-performance WordPress Theme is a powerful front-end development tool that offers a wide range of customizable elements and features, making it highly flexible and adaptable.

**Practical Examples:**

A user might use Composer Responsive Multipurpose High-performance WordPress Theme to create a beautiful e-commerce website, complete with product pages, a shopping cart, and a checkout process. They could also use it to create a complex portfolio website with multiple pages, galleries, and contact forms.

**Glossary:**
- Front-end development: The part of web development that deals with the design, layout, and user interface of a website.
- Back-end development: The part of web development that deals with server-side functionality and database management.
- Visual Composer: A front-end development tool that allows users to create complex websites quickly and easily without needing to know any coding.
- Composer Responsive Multipurpose High-performance WordPress Theme: A front-end development tool that offers a wide range of customizable elements and features, making it highly flexible and adaptable.

**Conclusion:**

Understanding the differences between front-end and back-end development, as well as using tools like Visual Composer and Composer Responsive Multipurpose High-performance WordPress Theme, can help anyone interested in pursuing a career in web development create beautiful and functional websites quickly and easily. By mastering these skills, you'll be able to apply them to new problems and create stunning websites that meet the needs of your clients or users.


text: We have added a fully integrated customer management database tool in our software for direct sales, multiple contacts per account, Lead management, Opportunity management and reporting. All of the information you need is in one system.. The CRM is connected directly to the Mailware customer database and includes tools such as reminders, notes and fields compatible with other CRM systems like Salesforce and Sugar.. CRM Features. - Track Leads and convert them to Opportunities and Accounts. - Schedule Reminders and Tasks. - Track your sales efforts by individual reps. - Run Pipeline reports. - Field structure is compatible with popular 3rd party CRM systems like Salesforce and Sugar. - Data migration from other CRM systems available from our tech support. - Integrates with the Mailware Customer screens. - Store multiple contacts for each customer account. Click an image above to see a screenshot

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

## Section 1: What is CRM?
CRM stands for Customer Relationship Management. It is a software tool that helps businesses manage their interactions with customers and potential customers. The goal of CRM is to improve customer satisfaction and loyalty, which can lead to increased sales and profits.

## Section 2: Why is CRM important?
CRM is important because it allows businesses to keep track of all their interactions with customers and potential customers in one place. This can help businesses provide better customer service, sell more products or services, and build stronger relationships with their customers.

## Section 3: How does CRM work?
CRM works by collecting and organizing data about customers and their interactions with the business. This data can include information about purchases, phone calls, emails, and social media interactions. The software then uses this data to create reports and insights that businesses can use to make better decisions about how to interact with their customers.

## Section 4: What are some features of CRM?
Some common features of CRM include:
- Contact management: Stores information about customers and their interactions with the business.
- Lead management: Tracks potential customers and their interactions with the business.
- Opportunity management: Tracks deals and opportunities that the business is working on.
- Reporting: Generates reports that show how well the business is doing at managing its customer relationships.
- Reminders: Sends reminders about upcoming events or tasks.
- Tasks: Tracks to-do lists and tasks related to customer interactions.

## Section 5: How can I learn more about CRM?
If you want to learn more about CRM, there are many resources available online. You can read articles, watch videos, and attend webinars to learn more about this topic. Additionally, many software companies offer free trials of their CRM software, so you can try it out and see if it's right for your business.

## Conclusion:
In conclusion, CRM is a powerful tool that can help businesses manage their customer relationships more effectively. By using CRM, businesses can improve customer satisfaction, increase sales, and build stronger relationships with their customers. By learning more about CRM and its features, you can determine if it's the right tool for your business and start using it to achieve your goals.


text: Mission. The Mission team are passionate about what we serve our customers, based on sourcing organic sustainable produce where ever possible including coffee farms, poultry, egg and meat providers as well as their fruit and vegetable growers.. The menu has been designed for seasonal changes and customer needs.. Mission provides a wide offering including low Gi, low sugar products while the main focus is on raw goodness for health and well-being.. Mission will also provide in-house catering to meetings, conferences and special events.. See our menus and what we offer.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read a Menu

Introduction:
A menu is a list of food and drink options available at a restaurant or cafe. Reading a menu can be challenging for some people, especially if they are unfamiliar with the terminology used in the food industry. In this lesson, we will learn how to read a menu by understanding the different sections, identifying key terms, and analyzing the nutritional information.

Section 1: Understanding the Menu Layout

Topic 1: Identifying the Different Sections of a Menu
- Appetizers/Entrees/Sides: These are the main courses that are served as a meal.
- Drinks: This section includes beverages such as soft drinks, juices, and alcoholic drinks.
- Desserts: These are sweet dishes that are usually eaten after the meal.
- Beverages: This section includes non-alcoholic drinks such as tea, coffee, and smoothies.
- Specials: These are special dishes that are only available for a limited time.

Topic 2: Understanding the Menu Format
- A la carte: This means that each item on the menu is priced separately.
- Table d'hote: This means that the menu is set and fixed, and there are no choices.
- Prix fixe: This means that the menu is set and fixed, but there are choices within each course.
- Tasting menu: This is a small selection of dishes that are meant to be shared and sampled.

Topic 3: Reading the Menu Descriptions
- Ingredients: This is a list of all the ingredients used in the dish.
- Preparation: This is how the dish is prepared.
- Cooking method: This is how the dish is cooked.
- Allergens: This is a list of any allergens present in the dish.

Section 2: Identifying Key Terms

Topic 1: Understanding Food Terminology
- Gluten-free: This means that the dish does not contain any wheat, barley, or rye.
- Vegan: This means that the dish does not contain any animal products.
- Vegetarian: This means that the dish does not contain any meat.
- Halal: This means that the dish is permissible under Islamic law.
- Kosher: This means that the dish is prepared according to Jewish dietary laws.

Topic 2: Understanding Nutrition Information
- Calories: This is the amount of energy in the dish.
- Fat: This is the amount of fat in the dish.
- Carbohydrates: This is the amount of carbohydrates in the dish.
- Protein: This is the amount of protein in the dish.

Section 3: Analyzing Nutritional Information

Topic 1: Understanding Portion Sizes
- Small: This is a smaller serving size.
- Medium: This is a medium serving size.
- Large: This is a larger serving size.

Topic 2: Comparing Nutritional Information
- Comparing the nutritional information of different dishes to make an informed decision.
- Looking at the ingredients and preparation methods to determine if the dish is healthy.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, reading a menu requires understanding the different sections, identifying key terms, and analyzing the nutritional information. By following these steps, you can make an informed decision on what to order and ensure that you are making a healthy choice.


text:
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a process for absorbing refinery fractions for modified asphalt.
2. Description of the Related Art
Reclaimed asphalt pavement, “RAP”, has been used as an aggregate in hot recycling of asphalt paving mixtures. A common method is to combine RAP with virgin asphalt and aggregate in either a continuous plant (Drum) or batch (Pug Mill) central mixing plant(s) producing new pavement mixtures. In the United States these combined mixtures are generally restricted to a maximum content of about 50%, more commonly from 10% to about 25% of “RAP” due to a decrease in pavement performance as the RAP content is increased. Specifications for asphalt vary state to state, but the most common area of use is the base course of paving construction. General restrictions in this method relate to the milled size of the “RAP” and the ability to generate appropriate heat into the mixtures. Batch (“Pug Mill”) mixing systems tend to be better able to introduce heat and to control this factor than the continuous (Drum) mixing systems. Because of the high temperatures required to recycle high percentages of RAP materials into pavements, gaseous hydrocarbon emissions are also a limiting factor.
Hot in-place recycling “HIPR”, only used on a limited basis as set out below, involves the removal, rejuvenation, and replacement of the top 1-inch (25 mm) of the pavement. Remixing involves the use of some new aggregate as well as additional virgin asphalt binder combined in a Pug Mill, allowing for the placement of up to two inches of surface pavement. Three basic processes are recognized by the Asphalt Recycling and Reclaiming Association, “ARRA”: 1. heater-scarification (multiple pass), 2. repaving (single pass), and 3. remixing. The primary advantage of in-place recycling is cost savings. Stockpiling RAP is not necessary so there is no need to transport large quantities of milled old pavement. The quantity of new materials is also substantially reduced. The general description of rejuvenation agents, or new material, is described as follows: 1. Paraffinic fractions 2. Napthenic fractions (aromatic). 3. “Super Soft” asphalts. These rejuvenation products consist of organic compounds produced as extracts during the crude oil refining process.
Several technical difficulties are posed when attempting to recycle “RAP” into performance pavements and high percentage road base mixtures. These issues include a high energy required to heat the “RAP” into a useful temperature, “VOC” emissions due to high temperatures, the loss of binder properties in the asphalt due to high levels of oxidation, chemical compatibility with virgin asphalt binders, and improper aggregate size with the newly-specified mix designs. The most significant problem is establishing high percentage “RAP” mixtures which exhibit excellent properties of adhesion, cohesion and compaction.
Today's high price of crude oil has created very aggressive refining practices. This has led to the asphalt, the last fraction of the refining process, being reduced in quality. Oil companies replenish these asphalts to meet current specifications by adding percentages of aromatic, paraffinic and napthenic fractions as well as various polymers. These additions allow the virgin asphalt binder to meet the temperature failure points required by various states' current pavement construction performance grade, “PG”, specifications. Another problem faced in the prior art is the common polymer employed for asphalt modification is Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene, “SBS”. Aggressive refining practices, diverting butadiene streams into gasoline production as one example, has led to first-time worldwide shortage of “SBS”. See “SBS Polymer Supply Outlook” by Romugasa, et al, a publication of The Association of Modified Asphalt Products, describing a wet process (highlight 3, last page of article) as the response to the shortage, unlike the method of the present invention (while this article is not prior art, it does show the thinking of those skilled in the art as of August 2008.) This is providing difficulties both for the roofing and paving industries in producing quality electrometrically-modified products.
Beside the polymer discussed above, which is old in the arts, another method of modifying virgin asphalt binder is to blend ground scrap tire rubber (Crumb Rubber) with the asphalt. The Federal Highway Administration, “FHWA”, uses the terminology “CRM”, crumb rubber modifier for this application. The most common method is to blend rubber from 15%-22%, by weight of the asphalt, with the asphalt binder. These formulations are generally done as a recipe rather than as the more common performance specifications used by most states. The process is commonly referred to as the “Arizona Wet Process” and involves blending the crumb rubber at temperatures from 375° F. to 425° F. with the virgin asphalt binder until a stable viscosity is achieved. Variations of this process have been in use since the late 1960s. Vestamer® thermoplastic binder has been used in “Dry Blend” applications with CRM where the crumb rubber and Vestamer® are combined and added to the pavement mixture after the aggregate and asphalt binder have been mixed. U.S. Pat. No. 6,346,561 discloses a combination of tall oil fractions, crumb rubber and gilsonite to produce a mixture suitable to modify the temperature performance of asphalt binder in either “wet” or “dry” applications. None of the above-mentioned CRM-derived modifiers demonstrate or anticipate any ability to aid in the recycling of asphalt pavement. CRM modifiers typically consist of approximately 30% rubber hydrocarbon and approximately 70% filler agents such as, but not limited to, various clays, carbon black, and processing aides used in the tire manufacturing process. As a result of these filler agents. CRM-modified dense grade pavement mixes tend to avoid fatigue cracking by compensating with increased asphalt binder in these mixes.
It is well-known in the art to use tall oil with ground rubber waste for re-use as rubber. See “Ground Rubber Waste—A Supplementary Raw Material for the Rubber Industry” issued by Kahl & Co.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,481,335, issued Nov. 6, 1984 to Stark, Jr. entitled “Rubber Composition and Method”; U.S. Pat. No. 3,873,482, issued Mar. 25, 1975 to Severson et al, entitled “Pyrolyzed Tall Oil Products as Synthetic Rubber Tackifiers”; U.S. Pat. No. 4,895,911, issued Jan. 23, 1990 to Mowdood et al, entitled “Tall Oil Fatty Acid Mixture in Rubber”; U.S. Pat. No. 4,792,589, issued Dec. 20, 1988 to Colvin et at, entitled “Rubber Vulcanization Agents of Sulfur and Olefin”; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,244,841, issued Jan. 13, 1981 to Frankland, entitled “Method for Recycling Rubber and Recycled Rubber Product”. Generally, for the area of ground polymer elastomer operation, see U.S. Pat. No. 4,771,110, issued Sep. 13, 1988 to Bouman et al, entitled “Polymeric Materials Having Controlled Physical Properties and Purposes for Obtaining These”; and for rubber discussions see U.S. Pat. No. 3,544,492, issued Dec. 1. 1970, to Taylor et al, entitled “Sulfur Containing Curing Agents”; and “Organic Chemistry” by Fieser and Fieser, printed 1944 by D.C. Heath & Co. Boston, pages 346 and 347. See also U.S. Pat. No. 2,082,607, issued Sep. 1, 1936 to Cowdery, entitled “Rubber Compounding Material and Method of Using” and U.S. Pat. No. 2,133,690, issued Oct. 13, 1938 to Epstein, entitled “Rubber and Method of Making the Same”.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Patents

Introduction:
A patent is a legal document that grants exclusive rights to an inventor to make, use, and sell their invention for a limited time. This means that the inventor has the right to prevent others from making, using, or selling their invention without their permission. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of patents, including what they are, why they are important, and how to read them.

Section 1: What is a Patent?

A patent is a type of intellectual property that protects new and useful inventions. It is a legal document that describes the invention and its operation in detail. The patent provides the inventor with exclusive rights to make, use, and sell their invention for a limited time, usually 20 years from the date the patent was filed.

Section 2: Why are Patents Important?

Patents are important because they encourage innovation by giving inventors an incentive to share their ideas with the public. Without patents, inventors might be hesitant to share their ideas because they could be copied and used by others without compensation. Patents also help protect businesses from competitors who might steal their ideas or products.

Section 3: How to Read a Patent

A patent is a legal document, so it is written in a specific language and format. Here are some key elements to look for when reading a patent:

- Title: This is the main title of the invention and appears at the top of the patent.
- Abstract: This is a brief summary of the invention that appears below the title.
- Background: This section provides background information on the invention and explains why it is important.
- Summary: This section provides a brief overview of the invention and its key features.
- Detailed Description: This section provides a more detailed explanation of the invention, including its components, operation, and advantages.
- Claims: These are the most important part of the patent, as they define the legal protection provided by the patent. The claims define the scope of the invention and what it does.
- Drawings: These are visual representations of the invention that help explain how it works.
- References: These are other patents or publications that the inventor used to develop their invention.

Section 4: Practice Questions

1. What is the purpose of a patent?
a. To protect trade secrets
b. To prevent others from using inventions
c. To promote innovation
d. To protect businesses from competition

Answer: c. To promote innovation

2. Who can apply for a patent?
a. Only inventors
b. Only businesses
c. Anyone who invents something new and useful
d. Only scientists

Answer: c. Anyone who invents something new and useful

3. What is the length of a typical patent?
a. 5 years
b. 10 years
c. 20 years
d. 30 years

Answer: c. 20 years

Conclusion:
In conclusion, patents are important legal documents that protect inventors' rights to their inventions. By understanding the basics of patents, we can better appreciate the importance of intellectual property and how it promotes innovation.


text: - Accessories >. - Machinery Accessories >. - Sawing >. - Circular Saw Blades >. - Axcaliber Contract 250mm Neg Rake TCT Saw Blade. These negative rake blades are a perfect choice for a mitre saw, or many other workshop circular saws. The rake of the tooth will help prevent the blade from grabbing, creating a smoother, safer cut. The finish is 1st class on all natural timbers or man made boards.. Own it? Review it! Be the first to tell everyone what you think about this product...

textbook:
## Lesson: How to Choose the Right Circular Saw Blade
### Introduction
A circular saw is a powerful tool that can cut through various materials, including wood, metal, and plastic. To get the best results from your circular saw, you need to choose the right circular saw blade. In this lesson, we will learn about the different types of circular saw blades, their features, and when to use them.
### Section 1: Understanding Circular Saw Blades
Circular saw blades come in different sizes, shapes, and teeth configurations. The most common types of circular saw blades are:
- Standard circular saw blades: These blades have a positive rake angle, meaning the teeth lean forward. They are ideal for cutting wood, plywood, and other soft materials.
- Negative rake blades: These blades have a backward-leaning tooth design, making them perfect for cutting metal, plastic, and other tough materials.
- Combination blades: These blades have a mix of positive and negative rake teeth, making them versatile enough to cut both soft and hard materials.
### Section 2: Choosing the Right Circular Saw Blade
To choose the right circular saw blade, you need to consider the following factors:
- Material: What type of material are you cutting? Different materials require different tooth configurations and blade designs.
- Thickness: How thick is the material you are cutting? Thicker materials require more aggressive blades with more teeth.
- Blade diameter: What size is your circular saw? You need to choose a blade that fits your saw perfectly.
- Blade speed: How fast does your circular saw spin? Faster saws require more robust blades that can handle higher speeds.
### Section 3: Practical Examples
Let's say you want to cut a 2x4 piece of wood. You would need a standard circular saw blade with a positive rake angle. This blade will easily cut through the wood without any issues.
Now let's say you want to cut a piece of metal sheet. You would need a negative rake blade that can handle the toughness of metal. This blade has a stronger tooth design that can withstand the abrasiveness of metal.
### Conclusion
Choosing the right circular saw blade is crucial to getting the best results from your circular saw. By understanding the different types of blades, their features, and when to use them, you can make an informed decision on which blade to use for your project. Always remember to consider the material, thickness, blade diameter, and blade speed when choosing the right circular saw blade.


text: MobileHCI 2013. August 27 – 30, 2013. Munich, Germany. Giving Voice to Enterprise Mobile Applications. Presenter: Chaya Bijani, Senior Usability Engineer, Oracle. Speech technology is gaining popularity and is used in a wide range of mobile applications and consumer devices. Speech-based interfaces circumvent the typing difficulties posed by soft keyboards. Oracle Voice is a Siri-like virtual assistant that sales representatives can use to record sales activity in their system, with minimal effort, right after a meeting . Its multimodal, hands-free, eyes-free features make it easy to use in any type of environment – in the car, on the road, at a coffee shop, and more.. This paper describes the design and research of a speech-based interface for an enterprise sales application that combines speech recognition, natural-language processing, and web services to drive the application.. Date: TBD. Time: TBD. Location: TBD

textbook:
Lesson Title: Using Speech Recognition Technology in Mobile Applications

Introduction:
Speech recognition technology has become increasingly popular in recent years, and it is being used in a wide range of mobile applications and consumer devices. In this lesson, we will explore how speech recognition can be used to create hands-free, eyes-free interfaces for enterprise mobile applications.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is understanding how speech recognition technology can be used to improve the user experience of mobile applications. By using speech recognition, users can interact with their devices without having to type on a soft keyboard, which can be difficult to use.

Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Question: What is speech recognition technology?
Answer: Speech recognition technology is a type of software that allows computers to recognize and interpret human speech. It uses algorithms to analyze sound waves and convert them into text or other digital formats.

Question: How can speech recognition technology be used in mobile applications?
Answer: Speech recognition technology can be used in mobile applications to create hands-free, eyes-free interfaces that allow users to interact with their devices without having to type on a soft keyboard. It can also be used to create virtual assistants that can perform tasks such as recording sales activity in an enterprise system.

Section 2: Practical Examples

Example 1: Oracle Voice
Oracle Voice is a Siri-like virtual assistant that sales representatives can use to record sales activity in their system, with minimal effort, right after a meeting. Its multimodal, hands-free, eyes-free features make it easy to use in any type of environment – in the car, on the road, at a coffee shop, and more.

Example 2: Mobile Banking App
Many mobile banking apps now include speech recognition technology, allowing users to check their balance, make transactions, and even pay bills without having to type on a soft keyboard. This makes banking easier and more accessible for people who have difficulty typing on a keyboard.

Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

Scenario 1: Sales Representative
A sales representative is driving to their next appointment when they receive a call from a potential customer. Instead of pulling over to take notes, they use Oracle Voice to record the details of the call, including the customer's name, contact information, and the products they are interested in. This saves them time and ensures that they have all the information they need to follow up with the customer.

Scenario 2: Busy Mother
A busy mother is trying to keep track of her family's schedule while on the go. She uses her mobile banking app to check her account balance and pay her bills using speech recognition technology. This saves her time and effort, and allows her to manage her finances more easily.

Glossary:
- Speech recognition technology: Software that allows computers to recognize and interpret human speech.
- Virtual assistant: A computer program that can perform tasks for users, such as recording sales activity or making reservations.
- Multimodal: Interfaces that can be used in multiple ways, such as through speech recognition or touch screens.
- Hands-free, eyes-free: Interfaces that can be used without requiring users to touch the device or look at the screen.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, speech recognition technology is a powerful tool that can be used to improve the user experience of mobile applications. By creating hands-free, eyes-free interfaces, users can interact with their devices more easily and efficiently. As speech recognition technology continues to evolve, we can expect to see even more innovative uses of this technology in mobile applications.


text:
Q:

freeing up memory of Buffer instance in Node.js

node comes with abundance of method to create Buffers, but I haven't found one that dealocated the allocated piece of memory.
Do I just set buffer to null when I am done using it and let garbage collection kick in?
var buffer = new Buffer("pls dont null me");
buffer = null;

A:

You should not care about it.
When you stop using the variable, the garbage collector will collect.
Just in case, its ok if you want to set null.
See the buffer documentation in the Node.js site.

textbook:
Lesson: Memory Management in JavaScript

Introduction:
Memory management is an important aspect of programming. In JavaScript, memory is managed automatically by the garbage collector. However, understanding how memory works can help us write more efficient code. In this lesson, we will learn about memory management in JavaScript and how to free up memory of a Buffer instance in Node.js.

Section 1: Introduction to Memory Management
- What is memory management?
- Why is memory management important in programming?
- How does JavaScript manage memory?

Section 2: Memory Management with Buffers in Node.js
- What is a Buffer in Node.js?
- How do we create a Buffer in Node.js?
- How do we free up memory of a Buffer instance in Node.js?
- Should we worry about freeing up memory of a Buffer instance in Node.js?

Section 3: Practical Examples
- Create a Buffer instance in Node.js
- Free up memory of a Buffer instance in Node.js
- Use Buffers in real-world scenarios

Glossary:
- Buffer: A type of object in Node.js used to store binary data.
- Garbage Collector: A process that automatically frees up memory that is no longer being used by the program.
- Memory Management: The process of controlling and coordinating the use of memory in a computer system.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about memory management in JavaScript and how to free up memory of a Buffer instance in Node.js. We saw that memory management is an important aspect of programming and that JavaScript manages memory automatically through the garbage collector. We also learned that we don't need to worry about freeing up memory of a Buffer instance in Node.js as the garbage collector will take care of it. By understanding memory management, we can write more efficient code.


text: Story Tools. Date of Issue: March 17, 2005. More than 100 people met with officials of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission last week at the Manatee Civic Center to discuss proposed state regulations to protect manatees that would include a "slow speed" zone in Anna Maria Sound.. A number of Island residents spoke against the proposal, including Holmes Beach charter fisherman Scott Moore, who said the county's manatee protection ordinance should be enough.. Environmentalists such as Suzanne Tarr of Save the Manatee Club, however, argued that the state needs to do more to protect manatees and other fish and wildlife.. The FWC already has a number of "slow speed" zones for manatee protection around Tampa Bay, including Terra Ceia Bay and Terra Ceia Bayou in Manatee, but wants more zones, including.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand News Articles

Introduction:
Reading news articles is an essential skill for staying informed about current events and understanding the world around us. However, news articles can be complex and contain many different elements. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand news articles by breaking them down into their main components.

Section 1: Understanding the Structure of a News Article

A typical news article has several key elements that help convey information to the reader. These include:

- Headline: The headline is the title of the article and should give you an idea of what the story is about.
- Byline: The byline tells you the name of the person who wrote the article. This can be helpful in understanding the author's perspective or expertise on the topic.
- Lead: The lead is the first paragraph of the article and should provide the most important information about the story.
- Body: The body of the article contains additional details and information to support the lead.
- Conclusion: The conclusion summarizes the main points of the article and may also include the author's opinion or analysis.

Section 2: Reading and Analyzing the Article

Once you have identified the key elements of the article, you can begin to read and analyze it more closely. Ask yourself the following questions:

- Who is the target audience? The language and tone of the article may be tailored to a specific audience, so understanding who they are can help you better understand the article.
- What is the main message or point of the article? Look for the central idea that the author is trying to convey.
- Are there any biases or assumptions in the article? Pay attention to any language or phrasing that may suggest a particular perspective or viewpoint.
- Are there any facts or statistics cited to support the claims made in the article? If so, you should look into their credibility and accuracy.

Section 3: Applying Critical Thinking Skills

In addition to analyzing the article, you can also use critical thinking skills to evaluate the information presented. Ask yourself the following questions:

- Is the information presented accurate and reliable? Consider the source of the information and any potential conflicts of interest.
- Are there any gaps in the information presented? Is there additional information that would be helpful in understanding the story fully?
- Are there any alternative explanations or interpretations of the events described in the article?

Glossary:
- Headline: The title of the article
- Byline: The name of the person who wrote the article
- Lead: The first paragraph of the article
- Body: The main part of the article, containing additional details and information
- Conclusion: The summary of the main points of the article

Conclusion:
By understanding the structure of a news article and using critical thinking skills, you can become a more informed and analytical reader. This skill is not only useful for staying up-to-date on current events, but also for understanding complex issues in various fields.


text:
[Malignant non-Hodgkins lymphoma with primary ovarian location. Observations apropos of a case].
The authors report a case of primary ovarian non Hodgkin malignant lymphoma in a 41-year-old multiparous woman. An ovarian tumor was diagnosed in a context of hypogastric distention and discomfort. A total hysterectomy was performed with bilateral uterine appendectomy. The intra-abdominal organs were not affected and there were no internal adenopathies. The pathology examination concluded that this was a highly malignant, non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The findings of the extension assessment were negative. Five cycles of drastic chemotherapy combining bleomycin, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, iphosphamide, cisplatyl, VP-16 and ara-C have been administered and will be followed by abdominal radiotherapy. The patient is considered to be in a state of complete remission with a follow-up period of four years.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Cancer

### Section 1: What is cancer?
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. It can affect almost any part of the body, including the ovaries. In this case, the patient had malignant non-Hodgkins lymphoma with primary ovarian location.

### Section 2: How does cancer spread?
Cancer can spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system. In this case, the lymphoma had spread to the ovaries, but it could have also spread to other parts of the body.

### Section 3: What are the treatments for cancer?
Treatment for cancer depends on the type and stage of the disease. In this case, the patient received chemotherapy, which is a common treatment for lymphoma. Other treatments may include radiation therapy, surgery, or targeted therapy.

### Section 4: What is the prognosis for cancer patients?
The prognosis for cancer patients depends on many factors, including the type and stage of the disease, as well as the patient's overall health. In this case, the patient was in a state of complete remission after five cycles of chemotherapy.

### Glossary:
- Malignant: Cancerous
- Non-Hodgkins lymphoma: A type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system
- Primary ovarian location: Cancer that starts in the ovaries
- Hypogastric distention: Swelling of the lower belly
- Adrenal glands: Glands that produce hormones
- Chemotherapy: Treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells
- Radiation therapy: Treatment that uses radiation to kill cancer cells
- Targeted therapy: Treatment that targets specific cancer cells

### Conclusion:
Understanding the basics of cancer can help us appreciate the importance of early detection and treatment. This lesson has provided an overview of cancer, its spread, and treatments. By learning about this disease, we can better understand how to support those who are affected by it.


text: Sundararajan, R and Jain, Sampat R (1983) Structure and impact sensitivity relation in organic explosives. In: Indian Journal of Technology, 21 (11). pp. 474-477.Full text not available from this repository. (Request a copy). Abstract. The impact sensitivity and heat of explosion of an org. explosive are dependent upon its chem. structure.A combination of valences of the elements present in the explosive in the form [(R - P)/RP]MW, where R and P are resp. the total reducing and oxidizing valences and MW is the mol. wt., is related to impact sensitivity expressed as the min. impact height needed for causing explosion. A plausible explanation for the existence of such a relation is provided in terms of the heat of explosion, which is argued to play an important role in detg. the impact sensitivity.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Organic Explosives

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Organic explosives are a class of chemical compounds that can release a large amount of energy when they undergo a rapid decomposition reaction. This energy release is due to the breaking of chemical bonds within the molecule, which releases energy in the form of heat and light. The study of organic explosives is important because they are used in various applications such as mining, construction, and military operations.

In this lesson, we will learn about the structure and impact sensitivity relation in organic explosives. We will also discuss the factors that influence the explosive properties of these compounds.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's consider a simple example of an organic explosive, such as trinitrotoluene (TNT). TNT has a molecular formula of C7H5N3O6P, which means it contains seven carbon atoms, five hydrogen atoms, three nitrogen atoms, three oxygen atoms, and one phosphorus atom. The structure of TNT consists of a central carbon chain with two nitro groups attached to it. These nitro groups contain nitrogen and oxygen atoms, which are bonded together in a covalent bond.

When TNT is subjected to a strong shock or heat, the covalent bonds holding the nitro groups together break down, releasing energy in the form of heat and light. This process is called detonation, and it is what makes TNT an effective explosive.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

Now let's consider a more complex example, such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). PETN has a molecular formula of C6H12N4O8, which means it contains six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, four nitrogen atoms, and eight oxygen atoms. The structure of PETN consists of a central carbon chain with four nitro groups attached to it. These nitro groups contain nitrogen and oxygen atoms, which are bonded together in a covalent bond.

One of the reasons why PETN is considered a more sensitive explosive than TNT is because it has a higher heat of explosion. The heat of explosion is a measure of the amount of energy released during the detonation of an explosive. A higher heat of explosion means that the explosive will release more energy when it detonates, making it more dangerous.

## Glossary

- Chemical structure: The arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the bonds that hold them together.
- Impact sensitivity: The ability of an explosive to detonate when subjected to a shock or impact.
- Heat of explosion: The amount of energy released during the detonation of an explosive.
- Detonation: The process by which an explosive releases energy in the form of heat and light.
- Covalent bond: A type of chemical bond in which atoms share electrons.

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the structure and impact sensitivity relation in organic explosives. We also discussed the factors that influence the explosive properties of these compounds and considered a practical example of an organic explosive. Finally, we engaged in self-debating discussions to teach critical thinking. By understanding the principles behind organic explosives, we can apply this knowledge to develop safer and more effective explosives for various applications.