text: Details. Tech Specs The Bluetooth Camera pairs with your laptop and in-class projector, bringing pocket-sized portability and large-scale learning to any classroom. It can be hooked up to a computer via the USB port or plugged into any power source in the classroom for maximized simplicity. To make it work, the camera requires a computer with both Windows 7 and Bluetooth 4.0. The camera is always facing the display surface, whether it’s a classroom wall or a whiteboard, and can easily communicate with the stylus for pain-free writing and drawing. Boardshare allows teachers to transform their classrooms into a hub of interactivity, engage students with powerful technology, and revamp learning without any majorly expensive equipment! Make any board a smart board with the power of Boardshare’s technology!. Kit Components:. - -Camera. - -Pen Stylus. - -Software. - -USB Cord. - -Power Adapter

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Interactive Whiteboards

## Section 1: Theory
An interactive whiteboard is a digital board that allows users to write or draw on it using a stylus or their fingers. It is an educational tool that enhances classroom learning by providing an interactive and engaging experience for students. In this lesson, we will learn about the different components of an interactive whiteboard, how it works, and its benefits.

## Section 2: Practice
1. What are the components of an interactive whiteboard?
- Camera
- Pen Stylus
- Software
- USB Cord
- Power Adapter

2. How does an interactive whiteboard work?
- An interactive whiteboard is a digital board that allows users to write or draw on it using a stylus or their fingers.
- It uses a camera to capture the writing or drawing on the board and translates it into digital ink on the screen.
- The software then processes the digital ink and displays it on the screen for everyone to see.
- The USB cord connects the camera to the computer, while the power adapter provides power to the camera.

3. What are the benefits of using an interactive whiteboard in the classroom?
- Interactive whiteboards provide an engaging and interactive experience for students, which increases their participation and motivation.
- They allow teachers to create a more collaborative learning environment, where students can work together to solve problems or complete projects.
- Interactive whiteboards also provide a way for teachers to share their screen with students, allowing them to demonstrate a math equation or show a video.
- Finally, interactive whiteboards can be used to record lessons, which can be useful for students who miss a class or need to review the material later.

## Section 3: Critical Thinking
1. How can teachers use interactive whiteboards to enhance their lessons?
- Teachers can use interactive whiteboards to create interactive and engaging activities that encourage students to participate and think critically.
- For example, they can use the whiteboard to create a brainstorming session, where students can write down their ideas and thoughts on the board.
- Teachers can also use the whiteboard to create mind maps, which can help students organize their thoughts and understand complex concepts.
- Finally, teachers can use the whiteboard to create quizzes or games that test students' knowledge and understanding of the material.

## Glossary
- Camera: A device that captures images or videos
- Pen Stylus: A tool that allows users to write or draw on the board using digital ink
- Software: Programs or applications that run on a computer
- USB Cord: A cable that connects the camera to the computer
- Power Adapter: A device that provides power to the camera

## Conclusion
In conclusion, an interactive whiteboard is an excellent tool for enhancing classroom learning. By providing an interactive and engaging experience, it encourages students to participate and think critically. Teachers can use it to create a variety of activities that test students' knowledge and understanding of the material. With the power of Boardshare's technology, any board can become a smart board, making learning more accessible and affordable for everyone.


text:
I’m slowly working through getting my small Asian beauty haul up, so I’ll be unusually productive for a few weeks! Can I keep it up?! (Don’t answer that… :-_-: ) With the exception of the Etude House Nymph Aura Volumer, these were products that I’ve been lemming for a while and finally decided to get. That’s a kind of recurring theme with me. These days, I very, very, very rarely run out and get the newest product as soon as it drops. I know it might not seem like it, seeing as how I have an… extensive makeup stash *cough*, but I’m actually very frugal with my money. I agonize over purchases for days, if not weeks, and I almost always wait to see if other bloggers have gotten their reviews up so I can check to see what they think before parting with my cash. Today’s review is about the Etude House Baby Choux Base, a product that’s well beloved among Asian beauty fans.

Overview

The Etude House Baby Choux Base is a face primer and color corrector which comes in three shades: #01 Mint Choux, #02 Berry Choux and #03 Peach Choux. This was originally released with their Sweet Recipe collection in Spring 2013, and at the time, the primer came in these absolutely adorable if not a little impractical pots. To see what those looked like, as well as see swatches of the other shades, please check out Bethany’s post here or Laura’s post here (/r/AsianBeauty redditors shoutout!). Below are the “directions” (actually they’re rather nonsensical and useless, aren’t they?) and ingredients list.

Although I was taken by the cute packaging of the original release, I hesitated for two reasons: I’m not a fan of jar packaging for anything but night creams (and even then, only begrudgingly) plus I wasn’t sure if the product was limited edition. Don’t you hate when you fall in love with a product and it is limited edition or gets discontinued? (Looking at you, Dior HydrAction Skin Tint, Urban Decay Graffiti liner et al…) Luckily, the base was so popular that Etude House not only kept it in their permanent line, but also revamped the packaging to a much more user- and travel-friendly tube. Shockingly enough, this change also came with a product increase: from 25g (0.88 oz) in the original jar to 35g (1.23 oz) in the tube. Well, actually, I think the price also went up a bit… :nod:

As mentioned above, the color correction comes in the tint of each shade. Mint is used for cancelling out redness, the Berry for warming up pale, cool-toned skin, and the Peach for brightening up sallow skin.

Image from Etude House International

I was really interested in the Berry Choux, just because I rarely see berry/pink-colored base products, but I decided to go with the Peach as my skin is yellow-toned. The base is meant to smooth the surface of your skin, and give a moist, plump appearance. It also has SPF 25 PA++, although of course you should never rely on makeup products for SPF alone. In addition, the Peach Choux is scented with the most delicious scent of — what else? — peaches. It’s sweet, light and crisp, but it fades rather quickly so if you’re sensitive to scents, you shouldn’t have a problem. I’m not normally a fan of peach scents/flavors, but I love this one!

I paid $15 after shipping for this from eBay, but later found it cheaper on Amazon with Prime shipping. :-_-: The old jar version was a bit cheaper, going by other bloggers’ reviews, usually running around $7-10. So, it seems this one went up a few dollars to compensate for the amount increase. Even accounting for markups, I wouldn’t pay much more than $15 for it, though.

Performance and Use

The base comes out a very, very pale creamy peach shade with no shimmer. It has a relatively runny texture, and is not as thick as some other primers I use (e.g., Too Faced Primed and Poreless). It applies very nicely without any excessive tugging, and dries down relatively quickly.

On my skin, which is roughly NC35-40, it does leave behind a faint white cast. I was worried about this when I first heard about the Etude House Baby Choux Base, but in practice, it isn’t that big a deal. If you’re much darker than me, though, I think it might be a problem. In the below swatch, I blended out the Etude House Baby Choux Base to the right. It’s more noticeable here because I overdid it a little — on my face, it’s much less noticeable.

I have worn this fairly regularly for the last month, and I’ve come to several conclusions.

First, the base does as promised and smooths out the surface of my skin. It creates a nice, even canvas for my base makeup without affecting the base shade too much.

Second, it does brighten up my skin, but not in a whitening way. Although it leaves behind that faint white cast, my foundation basically cancels out that whiteness. However, it does grant an undertone to my makeup that makes my face look healthier and more alive. I wore it in my Etude House Nymph Aura Volumer review, although you won’t be able to see a comparison as I had it all over my face. I especially like it, then, for foundations that can give your face the “corpse effect.” You know, the kind that make your face look so uniformly even, matte and dull that you look like you belong in a morgue? Yeah.

Third, although it wasn’t as long-lasting as other primers, it did help to extend the longevity of my makeup by quite a bit. It does have a few silicones in it, namely cyclopentasiloxane — this silicone is very efficacious and non-comedogenic and non-acnegenic, but regardless, some people have a sensitivity to this silicone in particular. I personally don’t, but I know many people stay away from it.

Fourth, if my skin is not very well moisturized, it can look a bit dry and almost cakey. The fine lines under my eyes are particular problem areas. To counter this, make sure your skin is well moisturized and that you blend very well. This is not a primer you need to overdo. Use a light hand to avoid the cakey look.

Final Thoughts

This isn’t holy grail material for me, but I really like this primer. It goes on nicely, and helps my makeup to last longer. In my head, I’ve been dubbing this the “wake up primer.” :oh: That is, if I’m feeling rather dull and sickly, I’d reach for this first to give my face that little oomph to make it come alive. It isn’t nearly as blatant as highlighters and shimmery bases (e.g., MAC Strobe Cream, Missha BB Boomer) so it’s a great option for day or work looks.

It’s fairly inexpensive, although as with all Asian beauty products, if you don’t have in-person access to Etude House, you’ll need to order online and be prepared for markup and shipping fees.

Overall, this is

Chuchu Approved!

:aha:

Have you tried the Etude House Baby Choux Base before? Even if it seems weird to pair makeup with food, I have an avowed weakness for desserts and pastries in particular, so they got me good…

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: How to Analyze and Evaluate Product Reviews

Introduction:
Product reviews are an essential part of the buying process for consumers. They provide valuable insights into the quality, performance, and suitability of a product. In this lesson, we will learn how to analyze and evaluate product reviews to make informed decisions when purchasing goods.

Section 1: Understanding Product Reviews

A product review is a written evaluation of a product by a customer who has purchased and used it. Reviews can be found on retail websites, social media platforms, and blogs. They provide information on the product's strengths, weaknesses, and overall satisfaction level.

Questions and Answers:
1. Why are product reviews important?
- Product reviews provide valuable information about the product's quality, performance, and suitability. They help customers make informed decisions about whether to purchase the product or not.

2. What are the benefits of reading product reviews?
- Reading product reviews can help you avoid buying a product that may not meet your expectations or needs. It can also help you find products that are worth your money and time.

3. How do I read product reviews effectively?
- To read product reviews effectively, look for patterns in the feedback provided by other customers. Pay attention to the most common praises and complaints. This will give you an idea of what others like and dislike about the product.

Section 2: Analyzing Product Reviews

To analyze product reviews, you need to look beyond the star rating and read the actual comments. Here are some steps to follow:

1. Determine the reviewer's experience level: Look for clues about the reviewer's experience with similar products. Was the reviewer an experienced user or a first-time buyer?

2. Identify common themes: Look for patterns in the feedback provided by other customers. Pay attention to the most common praises and complaints. This will give you an idea of what others like and dislike about the product.

3. Evaluate the credibility of the review: Consider whether the review seems legitimate and trustworthy. Does the reviewer provide specific details and examples to support their claims?

4. Compare reviews across different platforms: Look for consistency in the feedback provided by customers on different platforms (e.g., retail websites, social media, blogs). This can help you identify any trends or issues that are commonly reported.

Section 3: Evaluating Product Reviews

Once you have analyzed product reviews, it's time to evaluate them. Here are some factors to consider:

1. Quality of the product: Look for evidence of the product's quality, such as durability, ease of use, and performance.

2. Customer service: Assess the level of customer service provided by the company. Were there any issues with delivery or returns?

3. Value for money: Determine whether the product is worth its price. Is it a good investment?

4. Satisfaction level: Determine whether customers were satisfied with their purchase. Were their expectations met?

Conclusion:

Analyzing and evaluating product reviews is an essential skill for making informed purchasing decisions. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can become a savvy consumer who knows how to read between the lines and find the information you need to make the best choice for your needs.


text: Another major leap in Fiber Laser Welding Technology. The new Coherent HighLight FL4000CSM-ARM fiber laser builds on the success of Coherent HighLight ARM fiber laser series already qualified for automotive applications. This new laser enables more advanced welding capabilities for high…. Fanuc: new fiber lasers ideal for fly cutting. Fanuc introduces new fiber lasers. The line boasts six models with power ranging from 1 to 6 kW. The most powerful laser currently is the Fanuc Fiber Laser FF 6000i Model A. Its…. Recent Comments

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Fiber Laser Welding Technology

## Section 1: What is Fiber Laser Welding Technology?
Fiber laser welding technology is a type of welding process that uses a high-quality beam of light to join two materials together. This technology is becoming increasingly popular in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and electronics due to its precision, speed, and efficiency.

## Section 2: How does Fiber Laser Welding Technology work?
Fiber laser welding technology works by using a laser beam that is transmitted through a thin, flexible fiber optic cable. This cable contains a single mode fiber that allows the laser beam to be focused into a small spot size, which is essential for achieving high-quality welds.

The laser beam is then directed towards the materials that need to be joined together. As the beam hits the materials, it creates a high amount of heat, which melts the materials and creates a strong bond between them. The heat is also what causes the materials to flow and fill any gaps or voids between them, resulting in a strong and durable weld.

## Section 3: Advantages of Fiber Laser Welding Technology
There are several advantages to using fiber laser welding technology over traditional welding methods. Some of these advantages include:

1. Precision: Fiber laser welding technology allows for precise control over the welding process, resulting in consistent and accurate welds.

2. Speed: Fiber laser welding technology is much faster than traditional welding methods, allowing for quicker production times and increased efficiency.

3. Efficiency: Fiber laser welding technology requires less energy to operate, resulting in lower operating costs and reduced environmental impact.

4. Quality: Fiber laser welding technology produces high-quality welds with minimal defects, making it ideal for use in industries where quality is paramount.

## Section 4: Applications of Fiber Laser Welding Technology
Fiber laser welding technology has a wide range of applications across various industries. Some of these applications include:

1. Automotive: Fiber laser welding technology is used in the production of automobiles to join metal components together, such as in the manufacturing of car frames and body panels.

2. Aerospace: In the aerospace industry, fiber laser welding technology is used to create strong and durable joints in aircraft components, such as engine parts and fuselage sections.

3. Electronics: Fiber laser welding technology is used in the electronics industry to join delicate components together, such as in the production of smartphones and computers.

## Section 5: Conclusion
Fiber laser welding technology is a powerful and versatile tool that has revolutionized the way industries approach welding and joining materials together. By offering precision, speed, efficiency, and quality, this technology has become an essential part of many manufacturing processes. As the technology continues to evolve, it will undoubtedly play an even greater role in shaping the future of manufacturing and engineering.


text: Shop Manufactures. Products for fitting out points of sale. How to fit out a shop and make the most of its space?. Slatwall panels and modular units are some of the best solutions available for optimising shop space while containing costs.. Altrarredo is a specialist in custom-made solutions for furnishing and fitting out points of sale with high-quality products: slatwall panels and corresponding accessories for complete customisation of the retail space, display units of various types, shop counters of every size and style, modular compositions for fitting out your shop within the available budget.. Get in touch and together we will design your retail space!

textbook:
Lesson Title: How to Fit Out a Shop and Make the Most of Its Space?

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to fit out a shop and make the most of its space. We will cover the following topics:

1. Types of products for fitting out points of sale
2. Custom-made solutions for furnishing and fitting out points of sale
3. Designing your retail space
4. Practical examples of fitting out a shop
5. Conclusion and application of skills gained

Section 1: Types of Products for Fitting Out Points of Sale

There are several types of products that can be used to fit out a shop and make the most of its space. These include:

- Slatwall panels: These are versatile and cost-effective solutions for organizing merchandise in a retail environment. They can be customized to fit any space and can be used to create attractive displays that draw customers in.

- Modular units: These are prefabricated units that can be easily assembled and disassembled. They are ideal for temporary or pop-up shops, as they can be reconfigured quickly and easily to meet changing needs.

- Display units: These are standalone units that can be used to showcase specific products or promotions. They can be customized to match the branding of the shop and can be easily moved around to create different layouts.

Section 2: Custom-Made Solutions for Furnishing and Fitting Out Points of Sale

Altrarredo is a specialist in custom-made solutions for furnishing and fitting out points of sale. They offer high-quality products such as slatwall panels and corresponding accessories for complete customization of the retail space. This means that you can create a unique and personalized shopping experience for your customers.

Section 3: Designing Your Retail Space

Designing your retail space involves more than just choosing the right products. It requires careful planning and consideration of factors such as customer flow, product placement, and lighting. Here are some tips for designing your retail space:

- Start with a clear vision of what you want to achieve with your retail space. This could include increasing sales, improving customer experience, or creating a specific brand image.

- Use a floor plan to visualize how your retail space will look once it is fitted out. This will help you to identify any potential issues or obstacles before they arise.

- Consider the flow of customers through the space. You want to make it easy for customers to navigate your shop and find what they are looking for.

- Use lighting to create an atmosphere that matches your brand image. This could involve using natural light, dimming lights, or adding accent lighting to highlight specific products.

Section 4: Practical Examples of Fitting Out a Shop

Here are some practical examples of fitting out a shop using the products and solutions discussed earlier:

- A clothing store could use slatwall panels to create attractive displays that showcase their latest fashion collections. They could also use modular units to create temporary displays for seasonal items or promotions.

- A jewelry store could use display units to highlight specific pieces or collections. They could also use custom-made counters to create a luxurious and sophisticated atmosphere.

- A convenience store could use slatwall panels to organize their products efficiently and create easy-to-navigate displays. They could also use modular units to create temporary displays for new products or promotions.

Section 5: Conclusion and Application of Skills Gained

In conclusion, fitting out a shop involves careful planning and consideration of various factors such as product placement, customer flow, and lighting. By using custom-made solutions and high-quality products, you can create a unique and personalized shopping experience for your customers. The skills gained from this lesson can be applied to other areas of retail design and management, such as store layout planning, product display optimization, and branding.


text:
Q:

How to have separate instance of ViewModel in each Fragment and have shared data as well between Viewmodels

I am working on Android TV app
And I have a Fragment(main Fragment) and inside fragment have side menu, each menu Item creates new fragment(menu Fragment).
I have Viewmodel and in ViewModel I have config livedata which I am loading when I main Fragment is created.
And Menu Fragment's data is based on data I am getting from API calls and from config data
I have created single instance of viewmodel with the activity lifecycle.
But the problem is when I am navigating from one fragment to another for example from 1-2 fragment and as 1 fragment has already loaded data the livedata is not empty and navigating to 2nd fragment before fetching the second fragment data it observes/displays the livedata from first fragment and then it's own after it fetches it's data
I think each fragment should have it's own instance ,but I also need data which should be shared (the config)  between the each instance of viewmodel ?
How can I make this?
  private val viewModel: HomeViewModel by lazyViewModelActivityScope()
viewModel.fetch()
   viewModel.configData.observe(viewLifecycleOwner, Observer { it ->
  loadData(it)
})

it is inside MenuFragment
  private val viewModel: HomeViewModel by lazyViewModelActivityScope()

 viewModel.fetchMenuPage(menuItem)
      viewModel.carouselsWithAssetsData.observe(viewLifecycleOwner, Observer { carouselWithAssets ->
    carouselWithAssets.forEach { carouselWithAsset ->
      mRowsAdapter.add(createCardRow(carouselWithAsset))
    }
  })

A:

I got the answer of my question and I want to share it with others
I think generally this is something you'd manage with DI (injecting the same config into both ViewModels)
Or each Fragment would need to pass the activity ViewModel's data to the Fragment's ViewModel. Or you could have a global LiveData that manages itself (loading data in onActive()) and skip the activity ViewModel entirely

textbook:
Sure, I can help you with that! Here's a self-taught lesson on how to handle shared data and separate instances of ViewModels in Fragments:
# Lesson: Handling Shared Data and Separate Instances of ViewModels in Fragments
In this lesson, we will learn how to handle shared data and separate instances of ViewModels in Fragments. We will cover the following topics:
1. Understanding ViewModels and Fragments
2. Creating separate instances of ViewModels for each Fragment
3. Sharing data between ViewModels
4. Using ViewModels with Fragments
5. Conclusion
### 1. Understanding ViewModels and Fragments
In Android development, ViewModels are classes that store and manage data for a given View. They are designed to make the code in the View more concise, readable, and maintainable. Fragments, on the other hand, are reusable units of code that can be used to create UI components in an Android app.
### 2. Creating separate instances of ViewModels for each Fragment
To create separate instances of ViewModels for each Fragment, we can use the `viewModelScope` property of the ViewModelProvider. This property allows us to create a new instance of the ViewModel for each Fragment.
Here's an example of how to do this:
```kotlin
class MyFragment : Fragment() {
    private val viewModel: MyViewModel by viewModels()
    override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_my, container, false)
    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
        viewModel.fetchData().observe(viewLifecycleOwner, Observer { data ->
            // Handle the fetched data here
        })
    }
}
class MyViewModel(private val repository: MyRepository) : ViewModel() {
    init {
        // Fetch data from the repository
    }
    val data by lazy({ /* Fetch data from the repository */ })
    fun fetchData(): LiveData<Data> = repository.getData()
}
```
In this example, we have a `MyFragment` class that creates a new instance of the `MyViewModel` class using the `viewModels()` function. This function creates a new instance of the ViewModel for each Fragment.
### 3. Sharing data between ViewModels
To share data between ViewModels, we can use the `LiveData` class provided by Android. `LiveData` is a class that allows us to observe changes in data without having to worry about threading or concurrency issues.
Here's an example of how to share data between ViewModels:
```kotlin
class MyRepository {
    fun getData(): LiveData<Data> {
        // Fetch data from the network
    }
}
class MyViewModel(private val repository: MyRepository) : ViewModel() {
    init {
        // Fetch data from the repository
    }
    val data by lazy({ /* Fetch data from the repository */ })
    fun fetchData(): LiveData<Data> = repository.getData()
}
class MyOtherViewModel(private val otherRepository: OtherRepository) : ViewModel() {
    init {
        // Fetch data from the other repository
    }
    val otherData by lazy({ /* Fetch data from the other repository */ })
    fun fetchOtherData(): LiveData<OtherData> = otherRepository.getOtherData()
}
```
In this example, we have a `MyRepository` class that fetches data from the network and returns a `LiveData` object. We also have a `MyViewModel` class that observes this `LiveData` object and updates its internal state.
We can share this `LiveData` object with other ViewModels by creating a new instance of the `MyRepository` class in each ViewModel and calling the `getData()` method to fetch the data.
### 4. Using ViewModels with Fragments
To use ViewModels with Fragments, we can create a new instance of the ViewModel in the `onCreateView()` method of the Fragment class. We can then observe the data from the ViewModel in the `onViewCreated()` method.
Here's an example of how to use ViewModels with Fragments:
```kotlin
class MyFragment : Fragment() {
    private val viewModel: MyViewModel by viewModels()
    override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_my, container, false)
    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
        viewModel.fetchData().observe(viewLifecycleOwner, Observer { data ->
            // Handle the fetched data here
        })
    }
}
class MyViewModel(private val repository: MyRepository) : ViewModel() {
    init {
        // Fetch data from the repository
    }
    val data by lazy({ /* Fetch data from the repository */ })
    fun fetchData(): LiveData<Data> = repository.getData()
}
```
In this example, we have a `MyFragment` class that creates a new instance of the `MyViewModel` class using the `viewModels()` function. We then observe the data from the ViewModel in the `onViewCreated()` method.
### 5. Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned how to handle shared data and separate instances of ViewModels in Fragments. We covered the following topics:
1. Understanding ViewModels and Fragments
2. Creating separate instances of ViewModels for each Fragment
3. Sharing data between ViewModels
4. Using ViewModels with Fragments
We also provided an example of how to implement these concepts in practice.


text:
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty for Axillary Artery Dissection After Open Reduction of Shoulder Fracture-Dislocation: A Case Report.
Injury of the axillary artery after shoulder-joint fracture or dislocation is uncommon. We describe the clinical outcome of an elderly patient with a dissecting aneurysm of the axillary artery following open reduction of a fracture-dislocation of the shoulder. The arterial dissection was successfully managed with percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty. This case report highlights the need for careful vascular examination of all elderly patients with a fracture or dislocation of the shoulder and the possible use of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for the management of arterial dissection prior to proceeding with surgical exploration.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA) for Axillary Artery Dissection After Open Reduction of Shoulder Fracture-Dislocation

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA), a medical procedure used to treat arterial dissections caused by shoulder fracture-dislocations. We will cover the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for this condition.

Section 1: Causes and Symptoms
Causes:
- Injury of the axillary artery after shoulder-joint fracture or dislocation is uncommon.
- The most common cause of axillary artery injury is a direct blow to the shoulder joint during contact sports or motor vehicle accidents.
- Other causes include penetrating injuries, blunt trauma, and tumors.
Symptoms:
- Pain, swelling, and bruising in the affected arm.
- Numbness or tingling sensation in the fingers.
- Weakness or paralysis of the arm or hand.
- Coldness or paleness of the skin on the affected arm.

Section 2: Diagnosis
Diagnosis:
- Physical examination: The doctor will check for signs of pain, swelling, and bruising in the affected arm.
- Imaging studies: X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs may be performed to identify the location and severity of the injury.
- Angiography: This is a specialized X-ray that uses a dye injected into the blood vessels to visualize the arteries and detect any blockages or dissections.

Section 3: Treatment Options
Treatment Options:
- Pain management: Over-the-counter pain medications such as ibuprofen or aspirin can be prescribed to manage pain.
- Rest: The affected arm may need to be immobilized in a sling for a few days to prevent further injury.
- Physical therapy: Once the pain has subsided, physical therapy may be recommended to restore strength and mobility to the affected arm.
- Surgery: In cases where the injury is severe or does not respond to conservative treatment, surgery may be necessary to repair the damaged artery.

Section 4: Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA)
PTA is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a catheter to insert a balloon into the affected artery to widen it and improve blood flow. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia and takes approximately one hour.

Section 5: Conclusion
In conclusion, PTA is a viable treatment option for patients with axillary artery dissection following open reduction of shoulder fracture-dislocation. This procedure can help restore blood flow and reduce the risk of complications associated with the condition. By understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for this condition, patients can make informed decisions about their care.


text:
Is ‘everybody’ ‘everyone’ ‘someone’ ‘anyone’ singular? Or plural?

English is a universal language that is used by so many people around the world. Sometimes it can be confusing though, as there are words that have spellings that might not be pronounced quite the way you would expect. Like anything else, it takes work and perseverance to learn to speak English like a native, but be assured, you can do it, and you will have fun in the process.

In this English tip episode, Gabby explains how to handle the “ai” sound in many English words. She uses the examples “again”, “mountain”, and “pain.” If you listen closely, and learn to pronounce the sound like Gabby says it, you will sound more fluent in English and be better understood.

Don’t forget that Go Natural English can be found on YouTube, iTunes, and Stitcher. There are numerous video tips and podcasts to help you along your English learning journey. Make sure you use all of the resources available to you so you can learn English faster and better.

Episode transcript below:

Hello! Hello!

What is up?

How are you?

Welcome to a free English tip at Go Natural English.

I have a question from Stephani.

Stephani asks, “What is the difference between “someone”, “everyone”, and “everybody”?

And are they singular or plural?

Awesome question, Stephani.

I think this will be helpful for everyone, so I’ll give the quick answer and if you want more help with questions like these, consider the Go Natural English premium course that’s available at gonaturalenglish.com.

So, “someone”, “everyone”, “everybody.”

OK, they are different and the short quick answer is they are singular.

I know it’s crazy, right?

Because “everyone” means many people.

“Everybody” means many people.

“Someone” actually means one person out of many people.

They are all singular.

So, for example, “Someone is calling.”

I can hear my phone ringing.

“Everyone is happy today.”

“Everybody is happy today.”

OK, so “is” shows you that it’s singular, the way that I’m showing you the example.

So, always remember that they’re singular.

There are other nouns like this in English that you would think are plural but they’re not, and those are some things that I help you out with in the Go Natural English premium course.

So, if you want to learn more, come on over to gonaturalenglish.com.

Now, what is the difference between these three?

So, as I said, “someone” is one person in a group of many people and it’s kind of anonymous.

We don’t know specifically who that person is – “someone.”

OK, “anyone.”

“Everybody” is a generalization – we’re thinking 100%.

Alright? And “everyone” is also a generalization – 100%.

“Everybody” and “everyone” are actually the same.

They have the same meaning.

However, it’s your choice which one to use.

So, the big difference is between “someone” and “everyone” or “everybody.”

Now, whichever you feel comfortable with, if you prefer to say “everyone” or you prefer to say “everybody” that is your choice.

So, English is interesting like that.

It’s good to have a big vocabulary so that you can choose.

You have the option, you have the choice to use whatever word that you want.

And, so that you can remember, you can understand when other people use these words too.

So, I hope this was helpful for you.

If you like English tips, make sure to subscribe here on YouTube, and also consider listening to the podcast if you don’t already.

There are five English tips a week over at the Go Natural English podcast on iTunes for ios or Stitcher for Android.

So check that out and don’t forget too to join Go Natural English on social media – facebook.com/gonaturalenglish or Twitter at gonaturaleng

Alright, thank you so much for part of the Go Natural English community.

I love you guys.

You’re doing awesome and I’m so happy that you’re learning English so don’t stop now.

textbook:
Lesson 1: Pronouns in English

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the usage of pronouns in English. Pronouns are words that replace nouns and make our sentences easier to read and understand. They are used to refer back to a noun or nouns that have already been mentioned.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is to understand the correct usage of pronouns in English.

Section 1: Types of Pronouns
There are several types of pronouns in English, including personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, reflexive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, interrogative pronouns, relative pronouns, and indefinite pronouns.

Personal pronouns: These pronouns are used to refer to specific people, places, or things. Examples include I, me, he, him, she, her, it, we, us, and they.

Possessive pronouns: These pronouns show ownership or possession. Examples include my, mine, his, her, its, our, ours, their, and theirs.

Reflexive pronouns: These pronouns indicate that the subject of the sentence is also the object of the verb. Examples include myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves.

Demonstrative pronouns: These pronouns are used to point out or identify something or someone. Examples include this, that, these, and those.

Interrogative pronouns: These pronouns are used to ask questions. Examples include who, whom, whose, what, and which.

Relative pronouns: These pronouns introduce a relative clause and connect it to the rest of the sentence. Examples include who, whom, whose, and which.

Indefinite pronouns: These pronouns refer to people or things without specifying who or what they are. Examples include everyone, someone, anyone, each, many, and some.

Section 2: Using Pronouns Correctly
To use pronouns correctly in English, we need to know whether they are singular or plural. In general, pronouns should agree with the nouns they replace in terms of number (singular or plural) and person (first, second, or third).

Example:
Incorrect: Everyone should bring their pencil to class.
Correct: Every student should bring their pencil to class.

Incorrect: Someone left their backpack on the floor.
Correct: Some students left their backpacks on the floor.

Section 3: Practice
Exercise 1: Fill in the blank with the appropriate pronoun.
1. ________ is responsible for _______ own actions.
2. ________ left _______ phone on _______ desk.
3. ________ are welcome to join us for lunch.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences using appropriate pronouns.
1. The students should bring their books to class.
2. Someone left their jacket on the bench.
3. Everyone is invited to the party.

Glossary:
Pronoun: A word that is used to refer back to a noun or nouns that have already been mentioned.

Conclusion:
In summary, pronouns are essential tools in English that help us communicate effectively. By understanding the different types of pronouns and their proper usage, we can improve our writing and speaking skills.


text: Frommer's Review. On the Duke University campus, about a mile from U.S. 15/501, this is the premier inn of Durham, with an 18-hole golf course designed by Robert Trent Jones. Named for the original tobacco tycoon, it's filled with Duke memorabilia, including Washington Duke's own antique desk. The property is like a castle, with an L-shaped lower wing. Many of the helpful staff members are university students. Although the impressive redbrick mansion is traditional in style, the bedrooms are modern, with big mullioned windows, upholstered chairs, quilted spreads, and either one or two double beds. In 2004, the hotel underwent a massive renovation and is now better than ever.. Naturally, someone had to name the bar Bull Durham. The full-service restaurant, Fairview, the most comfortable in town, serves an excellent contemporary cuisine and features piano music.. Facilities:Restaurant; bar; indoor pool with outdoor deck; 18-hole golf course; 12 tennis courts; fitness center; spa services; limited

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Golf

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Golf is a sport that involves hitting a ball into a series of holes using different types of clubs. The objective of the game is to complete each hole in the fewest number of strokes possible. The sport originated in Scotland in the 15th century and has since become popular worldwide.

## Section 2: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios
In golf, there are different types of clubs that can be used to hit the ball. These include drivers, irons, wedges, and putters. Each club has a specific purpose and is used in different situations on the course. For example, drivers are used to hit the ball long distances off the tee, while putters are used to hit the ball a short distance into the hole on the green.

## Section 3: Increasing Difficulty Level
As the game progresses, players must navigate obstacles such as sand traps, water hazards, and trees. They must also use strategy to decide which club to use and which path to take. This requires critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

## Glossary
- Driver: A type of golf club that is used to hit the ball long distances off the tee.
- Iron: A type of golf club that is used to hit the ball a medium distance and is typically used for approach shots.
- Wedge: A type of golf club that is used to hit the ball a short distance and is typically used around the green.
- Putter: A type of golf club that is used to hit the ball a short distance into the hole on the green.

## Conclusion
Golf is a challenging and strategic sport that requires skill, patience, and precision. By understanding the different types of clubs and how to use them, players can improve their game and enjoy the many benefits that golf has to offer.


text: Industries & Professions /. /. Waste B.C., when the first known dump was created outside of Athens. The ancient Romans created basic sewer systems. They also had trenches outside of cities where people threw trash, a practice that periodically led to epidemic diseases.. A $55 billion dollar industry, waste management companies process more than 600 million tons of waste each year, about a third of which winds up recycled.. Great strides have been made in waste management in the last 30 years. But hundreds of millions of tons of municipal and industrial solid and hazardous wastes continue to be generated every year. Properly handling all the waste is the job of the waste management industry.

textbook:
Lesson: Waste Management 101

**Introduction**

Waste management is the process of collecting, transporting, treating, and disposing of waste materials. It is an essential part of modern society, as it helps to keep our environment clean and healthy. In this lesson, we will learn about the history of waste management, the different types of waste, and the steps involved in managing waste.

**Section 1: History of Waste Management**

The first known dump was created outside of Athens in 1000 BCE. The ancient Romans also created basic sewer systems and had trenches outside of cities where people threw trash. However, this practice periodically led to epidemic diseases.

In the last 30 years, great strides have been made in waste management. Today, the waste management industry processes more than 600 million tons of waste each year, about a third of which winds up recycled.

**Section 2: Types of Waste**

There are several types of waste, including:

1. Municipal solid waste - This includes household garbage, yard waste, and recyclables.
2. Industrial waste - This includes waste materials produced by industries during manufacturing or construction.
3. Hazardous waste - This includes chemicals, radioactive materials, and biological waste that can harm human health or the environment.
4. Electronic waste - This includes old electronic devices such as computers, cell phones, and televisions.

**Section 3: Steps in Waste Management**

The steps involved in waste management are:

1. Collection - Waste materials are collected from homes, businesses, and other locations.
2. Transportation - The collected waste is transported to a waste treatment facility.
3. Treatment - The waste is treated to remove hazardous materials and reduce its volume.
4. Disposal - The waste is disposed of in a safe and environmentally friendly manner.

**Section 4: Waste Management in Action**

Waste management is an essential part of our daily lives. Here are some examples of how waste management works in action:

1. Recycling - Many households recycle their waste, such as paper, plastic, and glass.
2. Composting - Some people compost their food waste, which is then used as fertilizer for plants.
3. Landfills - Waste that cannot be recycled is taken to landfills, where it is buried under layers of dirt and rocks to prevent pollution.

**Glossary**

- Waste: Any material that is no longer useful or has no value to anyone.
- Recycling: The process of converting waste materials into new products.
- Composting: The process of breaking down organic waste into nutrient-rich soil.
- Landfills: A site for the disposal of waste materials in layers of dirt and rock.

**Conclusion**

Waste management is an essential part of modern society. By properly managing waste, we can keep our environment clean and healthy. In this lesson, we learned about the history of waste management, the different types of waste, and the steps involved in managing waste. We also saw examples of waste management in action, such as recycling and composting. By understanding the importance of waste management, we can work towards a cleaner and more sustainable future.


text: Quality. - A2LA. - ISO 9001:2015. - AS9100D. A2LA has accredited our facility in Lake Orion, MI for technical competence in the field of calibration. Our laboratory is accredited in accordance with the recognized International Standard ISO/IEC 17025:2005 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. This laboratory also meets the requirements of ANSI/NCSLI Z540-1-1994 and any additional program requirements in the field of calibration. This accreditation demonstrates technical competence for a defined scope and the operation of a laboratory quality management system (refer to joint ISO-ILAC-IAF Communiqué dated 8 January 2009).. Our ISO 9001:2015 certificate is to expire on September 10, 2021.. Our AS9100D certificate is to expire on November 21, 2020

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding Quality Management Systems

Introduction:
Quality management systems are essential in ensuring that products and services meet customer expectations. In this lesson, we will explore what quality management systems are, why they are important, and how they can benefit businesses.

Section 1: What is a Quality Management System?

A quality management system (QMS) is a set of processes, procedures, and policies that help businesses ensure their products and services meet customer expectations. QMS helps businesses to improve customer satisfaction, reduce costs, and increase efficiency.

Section 2: Why are Quality Management Systems Important?

Quality management systems are important because they help businesses to:

1. Meet customer expectations: By implementing a QMS, businesses can ensure that their products and services meet or exceed customer expectations.

2. Reduce costs: A well-implemented QMS can help businesses reduce costs by identifying and fixing problems before they become significant issues.

3. Increase efficiency: A QMS can help businesses streamline their processes, reducing waste and increasing efficiency.

4. Improve competitiveness: A QMS can help businesses to stand out from their competitors by providing high-quality products and services.

Section 3: How can Quality Management Systems benefit Businesses?

Quality management systems can benefit businesses in several ways, including:

1. Improved customer satisfaction: By meeting customer expectations, businesses can improve customer satisfaction, which can lead to repeat business and positive word-of-mouth marketing.

2. Increased profitability: By reducing costs and increasing efficiency, businesses can increase their profitability.

3. Enhanced reputation: A strong QMS can help businesses build a strong reputation for quality, which can attract new customers and retain existing ones.

Section 4: Examples of Quality Management Systems

There are several types of quality management systems, including:

1. ISO 9001: This is the most widely used QMS standard and is designed for businesses of all sizes and industries.

2. AS9100D: This is a QMS standard specifically designed for the aerospace industry.

3. IATF 16949: This is a QMS standard designed for automotive manufacturers.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, quality management systems are essential for businesses that want to ensure their products and services meet customer expectations. By implementing a QMS, businesses can improve customer satisfaction, reduce costs, and increase efficiency.

Glossary:
- Quality Management System (QMS): A set of processes, procedures, and policies that help businesses ensure their products and services meet customer expectations.
- ISO 9001: A QMS standard designed for businesses of all sizes and industries.
- AS9100D: A QMS standard specifically designed for the aerospace industry.
- IATF 16949: A QMS standard designed for automotive manufacturers.


text:
[Description of the structure of and demand for a social security service for displaced persons].
We have evaluated the structure and demand of care in a Social Security center for the attention to patients out of their dwelling place during de months of July and August, 1987. We had a single office, with two doctors and one nurse and no auxiliary staff. Data were recovered from the daily morbidity sheet. There were overall 4354 visits with a daily mean of 42 patients/doctor. 63.8% attended only to repeat prescriptions, and only 1.07% justified their demands with a written report. The leading cause for medical consultation were respiratory diseases followed by dermatological diseases. Remarkably, 22.6% of consultations were not made by the patient in person. The most common type of interconsultation was the referral to the emergency room of the reference hospital. We have compared these data with other morbidity studies, and we conclude that a better attention of the administration to the clinics for patients out of their dwelling place is required. Another urgent need is the implementation of the prolonged therapy card.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Social Security Services

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Social security services are designed to provide financial and medical support to individuals who are unable to work due to disability, old age, or other reasons. These services are funded through payroll taxes and are intended to ensure that all citizens have access to basic needs such as food, housing, and healthcare.

### Section 2: Practical Examples

One example of a social security service is the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), which provides food assistance to low-income individuals and families. Another example is the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program, which provides benefits to individuals who are unable to work due to a disability.

### Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

In the United States, the Social Security Administration (SSA) oversees the administration of social security services. The SSA collects payroll taxes from employers and employees to fund these services. In 2020, the SSA provided benefits to over 64 million people, including retired workers, disabled workers, and their dependents.

### Glossary

- Social Security Administration (SSA): A federal government agency in the United States that administers social security programs.
- Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP): A federal government program that provides food assistance to low-income individuals and families.
- Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI): A federal government program that provides benefits to individuals who are unable to work due to a disability.
- Payroll taxes: Taxes paid by employers and employees to fund social security services.

### Conclusion

Social security services play an important role in ensuring that all citizens have access to basic needs such as food, housing, and healthcare. These services are funded through payroll taxes and are administered by the Social Security Administration. Understanding the structure and demand of care in a Social Security center can help us better understand the importance of these services and how they can be improved to better serve the needs of the population.


text:
Summary

it’s a big day for Callie as her future with the Fosters hinges on the revelation that Donald is not her birth father. What happens next could threaten to separate Callie and Jude once again. Brandon struggles to recover and come to terms with his guilt over sleeping with Dani, and big questions still remain about what Mike was up to the night Ana disappeared. Meanwhile, Jesus and Emma’s relationship impacts Emma’s standing with her teammates, which causes tension between them. Mariana has made a big change, much to Stef’s dismay.

textbook:
Lesson:

**Lesson: How to Find the Area of a Circle**

**Objective:** In this lesson, we will learn how to find the area of a circle. We will cover the formula for finding the area of a circle, how to use the formula, and apply it to real-world scenarios. By the end of this lesson, you should be able to find the area of any given circle.

**Introduction:** A circle is a round shape that is formed by drawing a circle with a compass and straightedge. The area of a circle is the amount of space inside the circle. The formula for finding the area of a circle is A = πr^2, where A is the area, π is a mathematical constant (approximately equal to 3.14), and r is the radius of the circle.

**The Formula:** To find the area of a circle, you need to know its radius. The formula for finding the area of a circle is A = πr^2, where A is the area, π is a mathematical constant (approximately equal to 3.14), and r is the radius of the circle.

**Examples:**

1. If the radius of a circle is 5 cm, then the area of the circle would be A = π(5)^2 = 25π square centimeters.

2. If the radius of another circle is 8 meters, then the area of the circle would be A = π(8)^2 = 64π square meters.

**Conclusion:** In this lesson, we learned how to find the area of a circle using the formula A = πr^2. We applied the formula to different scenarios and solved examples to reinforce our understanding. This skill can be useful in various fields such as mathematics, science, and engineering.


text: A truly ground breaking procedure took place here at Emory this weekend. Transplant surgeons at Emory University Hospital have successfully completed the program’s first hand transplant.... Tags: hand transplant, hand transplant program, hand transplantation, transplant center, transplant milestone, transplant procedure, transplant program

textbook:
Lesson: Hand Transplantation

Introduction:
Hand transplantation is a surgical procedure that involves replacing a damaged or missing hand with a donor hand. This procedure is usually performed on individuals who have lost their hands due to injuries, infections, or other medical conditions. In this lesson, we will learn about the process of hand transplantation, its benefits, and the challenges associated with it.

Section 1: The Process of Hand Transplantation

Topic 1: What is Hand Transplantation?
Hand transplantation is a complex surgical procedure that involves transplanting a donor hand into a recipient's body. The donor hand is usually obtained from a deceased individual who has agreed to donate their organs.

Topic 2: How is Hand Transplantation Performed?
The hand transplant procedure typically takes between 10 to 14 hours to complete. The surgery involves several steps, including:

1. Harvesting the donor hand: The donor's hand is removed and preserved until it can be transplanted into the recipient's body.

2. Preparing the recipient: The recipient's arm is prepared for surgery by cleaning and disinfecting the area where the donor hand will be attached.

3. Attaching the donor hand: The donor hand is attached to the recipient's arm using a special technique called microvascular surgery. This involves connecting the blood vessels, nerves, and tendons from the donor hand to the recipient's arm.

4. Reconnecting the muscles: The muscles in the donor hand are reattached to the recipient's arm using a special technique called muscle transfer.

5. Closing the incision: Once the hand has been successfully attached, the incision is closed using stitches or staples.

Topic 3: Benefits of Hand Transplantation
Hand transplantation can provide several benefits to individuals who have lost their hands, including:

1. Restoring function: Hand transplantation can help individuals regain the use of their hands and perform daily activities such as holding objects, writing, and eating.

2. Improving appearance: A successful hand transplant can improve the appearance of the affected limb and reduce the stigma associated with having a missing or disfigured hand.

3. Enhancing quality of life: Hand transplantation can improve an individual's quality of life by restoring their ability to perform daily tasks and participate in social activities.

Section 2: Challenges Associated with Hand Transplantation

Topic 1: Risks of Hand Transplantation
Although hand transplantation can be life-changing, there are several risks associated with the procedure, including:

1. Rejection: The recipient's immune system may recognize the donor hand as foreign and attack it, leading to rejection.

2. Infection: There is a risk of infection at the site of the transplant, which can lead to complications such as sepsis or organ failure.

3. Bleeding: There is a risk of bleeding during the surgery, which can be life-threatening if not controlled quickly.

4. Nerve damage: Damage to the nerves during the surgery can result in partial or complete loss of sensation or movement in the hand.

Topic 2: Long-term Outcomes
While hand transplantation can be successful, there are still many unknowns about the long-term outcomes of the procedure. Some potential issues that may arise include:

1. Loss of function: Over time, the recipient's immune system may continue to attack the donor hand, leading to a loss of function.

2. Scar tissue formation: Scar tissue can form around the transplanted hand, limiting its movement and function.

3. Changes in sensation: The recipient may experience changes in sensation, such as pain or numbness, after the transplant.

Section 3: Conclusion

In conclusion, hand transplantation is a complex and life-changing procedure that can provide significant benefits to individuals who have lost their hands. However, there are also several risks and challenges associated with the procedure. By understanding the process, benefits, and challenges of hand transplantation, individuals can make informed decisions about whether this procedure is right for them.


text: ISDN & MAIL 3.75. ISDN & Mail - Telephony And Email. What is new in official ISDN & MAIL 3.75 software version? - bis zu 4 ISDN-Contoller, Modul frei wählbar, Updatemöglichkeit auf Knopfdruck,. What is expected in the future? Newly-made ISDN & MAIL 3.76 be downloaded from current page, we also looking forward to unconfirmed 3.77 release build. You may download IsdnAndMailSetup.exe directly, estimated download time by ADSL or EDGE [~1.8 Mbit/s] is 0:01:00. Just write the reviews of the ISDN & MAIL. System requirements are ISDN-Karte mit T30-Protokoll. Program has been scanned and verified by the several antivirus and anti-spyware applications and ISDN & MAIL found to be clean. No guide or ISDN & MAIL tutorial available. The following languages are supported by ISDN & MAIL: German, English.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Telecommunications

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Telecommunications refers to the transmission of information over long distances using various forms of media such as telephone, internet, and satellite communication. In this lesson, we will learn about two popular forms of telecommunication: ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) and email.

### Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's consider an example scenario where John wants to send an email to his friend Sarah who lives in a different country. John uses ISDN to connect to the internet and sends the email using the SMTP protocol. The email reaches Sarah's email server using the POP3 protocol, and she receives it on her email client.

Now let's look at another scenario where a company uses ISDN to connect their offices in different cities. This allows them to communicate and share files efficiently without any delays or interruptions.

### Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

What are the advantages of using ISDN over traditional telephone lines? How does email differ from traditional mail? Can you think of any other examples where ISDN and email can be used for telecommunication?

### Glossary

- ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network
- SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
- POP3: Post Office Protocol Version 3

### Conclusion

In conclusion, telecommunications is a crucial aspect of our daily lives, allowing us to communicate with people and organizations across the globe. ISDN and email are two popular forms of telecommunication that have revolutionized the way we send and receive information. By understanding the theoretical concepts and practical applications of these technologies, we can apply our knowledge to new problems and stay up-to-date with the latest advancements in telecommunications.


text: Pet Breathe+ is a water-soluble blend of the natural essential oils, including eucalyptus, peppermint, camphor and tea tree within a biodegradable sorbitan emulsifier. Pet Breathe+ is a respiratory spray providing symptomatic relief for animals exhibiting breathing difficulties. Emvelo Breathe+ helps to liquefy thick sticky mucous and open up breathing passages.. Pet Breathe+ is diluted with water using 20ml of product for every litre of water. It should then be applied using a clean hand held or portable spray within the kennels, hutches, or any area where your pet animal sleeps, morning and evening for about three days or as required. The product can be applied neat to halters or a few drops to bedding material to assist with sleeping.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Pet Breathe+

### Section 1: Overview

Pet Breathe+ is a respiratory spray that provides symptomatic relief for animals experiencing breathing difficulties. It is made from natural essential oils such as eucalyptus, peppermint, camphor, and tea tree, which are dissolved in a biodegradable sorbitan emulsifier.

### Section 2: How Pet Breathe+ Works

Pet Breathe+ works by liquefying thick and sticky mucous, opening up breathing passages, and providing relief to animals experiencing respiratory issues. The natural essential oils in the spray help to break down mucous, making it easier for animals to breathe.

### Section 3: Using Pet Breathe+

To use Pet Breathe+, you will need to dilute it with water using a ratio of 20ml of product for every liter of water. Once diluted, you can apply the spray using a clean handheld or portable spray within the kennels, hutches, or any area where your pet animal sleeps. Apply the spray morning and evening for about three days or as required. Alternatively, you can apply a few drops of the product to bedding materials to assist with sleeping.

### Glossary

- Sorbitan emulsifier: A substance used to mix two liquids that do not normally mix, such as oil and water.
- Mucous: A thick, sticky substance produced by the respiratory system.

### Conclusion

Pet Breathe+ is an effective respiratory spray that can provide relief to animals experiencing breathing difficulties. By understanding how the spray works and how to use it properly, you can ensure that your pet receives the best possible care.


text: I was first introduced to the work of Kamal when I spotted Design*Sponge’s “Best in Show” post during the National Stationery Show. Since then, Kamal has launched an entire line of beautiful letterpress coasters and cards featuring stylized nature and botanical inspired illustrations and patterns. I love their use of color and metallic accents and can’t get enough of this collection, which you can now purchase on their site. Yay!. All of Kamal’s goods are created with hand mixed ink and printed onto eco-friendly 100% cotton paper or 100% kraft chipboard with 100% post-consumer kraft envelopes.. A bit of eye candy from Kamal’s collection (see the whole line here):.

textbook:
Lesson: Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management
Introduction:
Entrepreneurship is the process of starting, managing, and expanding a business. It involves identifying a need in the market, developing a product or service to meet that need, and selling it to customers. Small business management is the process of overseeing the day-to-day operations of a small business. It involves planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the resources needed to run the business.
Core Value:
The core value of this paragraph is entrepreneurship and small business management. It highlights the importance of identifying a need in the market, developing a product or service to meet that need, and selling it to customers. It also emphasizes the need for planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the resources needed to run a small business.
Lesson:
Section 1: Introduction to Entrepreneurship
Topic 1: Identifying a Need in the Market
- What is entrepreneurship?
- Why is it important to identify a need in the market?
- How can you identify a need in the market?
- Examples of successful entrepreneurs who identified a need in the market
- Practice exercise: Think of a problem you face in your daily life and brainstorm a solution to that problem.
Topic 2: Developing a Product or Service to Meet the Need
- What is a product or service?
- Why is it important to develop a product or service to meet the need?
- How can you develop a product or service to meet the need?
- Examples of successful entrepreneurs who developed a product or service to meet the need
- Practice exercise: Think of a product or service that could solve the problem you identified in the previous exercise.
Section 2: Introduction to Small Business Management
Topic 1: Planning
- What is small business management?
- Why is it important to plan?
- What are the steps involved in planning?
- Examples of successful small business owners who plan their businesses
- Practice exercise: Create a business plan for your product or service.
Topic 2: Organizing
- What is organizing?
- Why is it important to organize?
- What are the steps involved in organizing?
- Examples of successful small business owners who organize their businesses
- Practice exercise: Create an organizational chart for your business.
Topic 3: Directing
- What is directing?
- Why is it important to direct?
- What are the steps involved in directing?
- Examples of successful small business owners who direct their businesses
- Practice exercise: Create a job description for a position in your business.
Topic 4: Controlling
- What is controlling?
- Why is it important to control?
- What are the steps involved in controlling?
- Examples of successful small business owners who control their businesses
- Practice exercise: Create a budget for your business.
Section 3: Conclusion
- Summary of key takeaways from the lesson
- How can you apply these skills to new problems?
- Glossary of key terms
Glossary:
- Entrepreneurship: The process of starting, managing, and expanding a business.
- Small business management: The process of overseeing the day-to-day operations of a small business.
- Product or service: A good or intangible offering that solves a customer's problem or satisfies their need.
- Planning: The process of setting goals and developing a strategy to achieve them.
- Organizing: The process of arranging resources and tasks in a logical manner.
- Directing: The process of guiding and motivating employees to achieve business objectives.
- Controlling: The process of monitoring progress and making adjustments as necessary to ensure goals are achieved.


text:
Following up on THIS EXPLAINER.

♦ Obviously Chairman Devin Nunes has placed himself outside the rails of Deep State. ♦ The UniParty now wants him removed. ♦ Nunes has become a risk. ♦ Brutally obvious questions being ignored by media become focus of wider electorate.

2017 Congressional Intelligence Oversight “Gang of Eight”

Chairman Nunes is the only member of the Intelligence Oversight Gang-of-Eight who has reviewed the executive level intelligence product which caused him concern. Nunes alleged in the last week he received evidence that Obama administration political figures gained access to unmasked American identities through foreign intercepts involving the Trump transition team between November 2016 and January 2017.

Media and congressional leadership intentionally skip the obvious questions:

♦ Why don’t the other seven members also go look at the same executive intel?

• Why, instead of looking at the same data, does the entire UniParty political apparatus and DC media now seem intent on eliminating Devin Nunes?

• Why doesn’t Adam Schiff, Nancy Pelosi, Chuck Schumer or Mark Warner simply go look at the same executive intelligence product?

• Why doesn’t Paul Ryan, Mitch McConnell or Richard Burr simply go look at the same executive intelligence product?

• Why doesn’t any member of the DC media ask such brutally obvious questions?

• Why is the DC UniParty both intent on not looking at the intelligence and simultaneously intent on removing Nunes, and getting the investigation removed from the House Intelligence Committee (Nunes/Schiff) and over to the Senate Intelligence Committee (Burr/Warner)?

• What is it about that Executive Office Level Intelligence Product the gang-of-eight are all so desperately afraid of?

• Why would the Senate launch another entire congressional intelligence inquiry, when the head of the Senate Intelligence Committees, Burr and Warner, are desperate NOT to see the intelligence product that causes Nunes such concern?

• What does that say about the intent of a committee when they refuse to even look at the intelligence reports they are supposed to be investigating?

These are all simple questions that hang above the political chaff and countermeasures.

These are also simply questions that explain why President Trump made this simple request:

Notice how in the three months since that request was made by President-Elect Donald Trump, only one member of congress has actually done what was requested. That member is Devin Nunes.

Now look at what’s happening around Devin Nunes.

The brutally obvious reality behind these simple questions highlights something much more than the simple SWAMP. The reactive behavior is not confined to current DC politicians or the media surrounding DC.

What we see now, is a response by multiple elements more aptly called “Deep State“.

Senate intelligence leaders pledge a bipartisan Russia probe. More here: https://t.co/1nP9KaQv69 pic.twitter.com/HyMvyRYlRa — Reuters Top News (@Reuters) March 29, 2017

Fiorina calls for special prosecutor, independent commission to conduct Russia investigation https://t.co/agQFjdeWxX pic.twitter.com/VRKv9xi2cY — Washington Examiner (@dcexaminer) March 29, 2017

Carly Fiorina, a former member of the CIA advisory board, calling for an independent commission seems rather odd when you accept the reality that current congressional oversight officials are refusing to even look at the current intelligence.

Odd, that is, until you realize such a request is a way for a Deeper State to protect itself.

Devin Nunes is the only official who has viewed the intelligence, therefore Devin Nunes is now a risk – he must be removed. Similarly, the committee which Devin Nunes chairs is also a risk; because if Nunes is successful his committee will not be able to look away from the intelligence product(s) he puts in front of them.

Effective this week, the UniParty has deployed Senator Richard Burr and Senator Mark Warner as countermeasures. –EXPLAINER HERE–

Richard Burr needs to play the role formerly occupied by: Darryl Issa, Jason Chaffetz and Trey Gowdy:

The countermeasure or controlled opposition role was originally assigned to Chairman Devin Nunes.

Unfortunately Mr. Nunes did not comply with his role, he took a greater loyalty to the presidency, and to his oath-of-office, than to the UniParty/deep-state, and thus Nunes must be removed in favor of Senator Burr.

Senator Richard Burr will now play the role of political countermeasures.

Nothing more.

Once you see the strings on the Marionettes, it’s impossible to go back to a time when you couldn’t see them.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Role of Intelligence Oversight and Unmasking in Politics

Introduction:
Intelligence oversight is an essential part of our democratic system. It ensures that the intelligence community operates within the law and respects the rights of American citizens. However, politics can sometimes interfere with this process, leading to questions about the role of intelligence oversight in politics. In this lesson, we will explore the concept of intelligence oversight and unmasking, and how they relate to politics.

Section 1: What is Intelligence Oversight?
Intelligence oversight is the process by which the government oversees the activities of the intelligence community. This includes making sure that the intelligence community operates within the law, respects the rights of American citizens, and does not engage in any illegal or unconstitutional activities. The purpose of intelligence oversight is to ensure that the intelligence community is accountable to the American people and that it operates in a transparent and open manner.

Section 2: What is Unmasking?
Unmasking refers to the process by which the identity of a person who is not the intended target of a surveillance operation is revealed. This can happen accidentally or intentionally. When a person's identity is revealed, it is said that they have been "unmasked." Unmasking is a sensitive topic because it can potentially violate the privacy rights of American citizens.

Section 3: How do Intelligence Oversight and Unmasking Relate to Politics?
Intelligence oversight and unmasking can become politicized when they are used for partisan purposes. For example, if one political party uses intelligence oversight to investigate the other party, it can create a political controversy. Similarly, if intelligence agencies unmask the identities of individuals associated with one political party, it can be seen as a political attack.

Section 4: Conclusion
Intelligence oversight and unmasking are important processes that help ensure that the intelligence community operates within the law and respects the rights of American citizens. However, these processes can also be politicized, leading to controversy and debate. By understanding the role of intelligence oversight and unmasking in politics, we can better understand the complex relationship between the intelligence community and our democratic system.

Glossary:
- Intelligence Community: A group of federal agencies responsible for providing intelligence to the government.
- Unmasking: The process by which the identity of a person who is not the intended target of a surveillance operation is revealed.
- Gang of Eight: A group of eight members of Congress who are briefed on highly classified intelligence matters.

Glossary:
- Intelligence Community: A group of federal agencies responsible for providing intelligence to the government.
- Unmasking: The process by which the identity of a person who is not the intended target of a surveillance operation is revealed.
- Gang of Eight: A group of eight members of Congress who are briefed on highly classified intelligence matters.


text: A crash course in changing the world.. New forms of currency could include currency which instead of symbolic paper or coin is represented in actual services. Of course this currency would be very complicated to create, in terms of what amount and type of work converts to what good/service but nerveless it could help to bridge the gap between the poor and the rich. After all, while money can sit in the bank and go untouched at the detriment of society, goods and services would be more likely to be cashed in on and bartered with constantly. People could eventually work for all of their basic needs and then extra goods and services.. Views: 32. Comment. © 2021 Created by Alchemy.. Badges | Report an Issue | Terms of Service. You need to be a member of Urgent Evoke to add comments!. Join Urgent Evoke

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Cryptocurrency

**Overview:** In this lesson, we will learn about cryptocurrency, a digital or virtual form of currency that uses cryptography for security. We will explore the basics of cryptocurrency, its advantages and disadvantages, and how it works.

**Section 1: What is Cryptocurrency?**

Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual form of currency that uses cryptography for security. It operates on a decentralized system called blockchain technology, which is a distributed ledger that records all transactions made with the currency.

**Section 2: Advantages and Disadvantages of Cryptocurrency**

Advantages:
- Secure: Cryptocurrency uses cryptography to protect transactions and control new units' creation.
- Decentralized: It operates independently of a central authority, making it resistant to government interference or manipulation.
- Lower transaction fees: Cryptocurrency transactions are usually cheaper than traditional bank transfers.
- Anonymity: Users can make transactions without revealing their identity.

Disadvantages:
- Volatility: Cryptocurrency prices can fluctuate rapidly, making it risky for investors.
- Limited acceptance: Not all businesses accept cryptocurrency as payment.
- Regulatory uncertainty: The legal status of cryptocurrency varies by jurisdiction.
- Technical complexity: Cryptocurrency requires a certain level of technical knowledge to use securely.

**Section 3: How Cryptocurrency Works**

Cryptocurrency works using a technology called blockchain. Blockchain is a decentralized, distributed ledger that records all transactions made with the currency. Each block in the chain contains multiple transactions, and every time a new transaction is made, it is added to a block. Once a block is filled, it is verified by users on the network, and then it is added to the chain. This process ensures that transactions are secure and transparent.

**Section 4: Practical Examples**

Let's say you want to send $50 worth of Bitcoin to a friend. You would use your digital wallet to access your private key, which is a long string of numbers and letters that represents your Bitcoin address. You would then enter your friend's Bitcoin address and the amount you want to send. The transaction would be broadcasted to the network, where it would be verified by other users. Once verified, it would be added to a block and added to the blockchain. Your friend would receive the $50 worth of Bitcoin.

**Glossary**
- Blockchain: A decentralized, distributed ledger that records all transactions made with the currency.
- Wallet: A software program that stores your cryptocurrency and allows you to send and receive transactions.
- Private key: A long string of numbers and letters that represents your Bitcoin address and allows you to access your funds.
- Address: A string of numbers and letters that represents where your Bitcoin can be sent.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual form of currency that uses cryptography for security. It operates on a decentralized system called blockchain technology, which is a distributed ledger that records all transactions made with the currency. While it has advantages such as security, decentralization, and lower transaction fees, it also has disadvantages such as volatility, limited acceptance, regulatory uncertainty, and technical complexity. Understanding how cryptocurrency works and its practical applications can help us stay informed about this emerging technology.


text: Search the Community. Showing results for tags 'artwork'.. Found 5 results? Of course, some of my first wallpapers were Macross pictures but the collection quickly expanded into film, video games, music, TV series, comic books, DeviantArt, etc. Attached are a few of my favorite wallpapers for my phone. Share yours! All resolutions and smartphone types, please be sure that they are "artistic" in nature). Without any further ado, I will kick this off with a recent drawing I did of the EX-s Gundam. I began working with markers in August and have really begun to enjoy them. A lot of my new art is very clumsy in this respect because I am still learning to use them. Of course, in hindsight, it doesn't help that I made some grievous design errors with the EX-S, as well! Follow this link to read more about the image, as well as a quick explanation of the subject matter for the uninitiated. So let's see what everyone else has got! book ( not only a magazine) who contains all line art of Mospeada ? Bests regards. akim.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Find and Use Wallpapers for Your Phone
Introduction:
Wallpapers are images or photos used as backgrounds on digital devices such as smartphones and computers. They can add personality, style, and creativity to your device, making it more interesting and enjoyable to use. In this lesson, we will learn how to find and use wallpapers for your phone.
Section 1: Finding Wallpapers
Topic 1: Online Resources
There are many websites and apps available online that offer free wallpapers for your phone. Some popular websites include Pinterest, DeviantArt, and Reddit. You can also search for wallpapers using search engines like Google or Bing.
Topic 2: Social Media
Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram are also great places to find wallpapers. You can search for specific hashtags or keywords related to the type of wallpaper you are looking for.
Topic 3: Smartphone Settings
Many smartphones come with built-in settings that allow you to download and set wallpapers directly from your device. Check your phone's settings menu to see if this option is available.
Section 2: Using Wallpapers
Topic 1: Resolution and Format
Make sure to choose a wallpaper that fits the resolution and format of your phone. Most smartphones use a resolution of 1080 x 1920 pixels, so make sure your wallpaper is sized appropriately.
Topic 2: Personalization
Wallpapers are a great way to personalize your phone and make it unique to you. Choose a wallpaper that reflects your personality, interests, or style.
Topic 3: Changing Wallpapers
You can change your wallpaper at any time by going to your phone's settings menu and selecting the "wallpaper" or "background" option.
Section 3: Practical Examples
Example 1: If you are a fan of anime, you can search for wallpapers featuring your favorite characters or scenes.
Example 2: If you love traveling, you can find wallpapers featuring beautiful landscapes or city skylines.
Example 3: If you are a gamer, you can find wallpapers featuring your favorite video game characters or environments.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, finding and using wallpapers for your phone is a fun and easy way to personalize your device and make it more interesting to use. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can find and set wallpapers that reflect your personality and interests.


text:
This is the true story of New Zealand writer Janet Frame, who wrote an autobiographical trilogy that Jane Campion filmed as a three-part television mini-series, which then became An Angel at My Table. (It’s unclear to me whether the film version is just the series, edited together, or if some changes were made.) Frame has a fascinating tale to tell: shy and talented, and perhaps prone to depression, she was misdiagnosed as a schizophrenic and spent eight years in a psychiatric hospital, where she received a couple of hundred shock treatments. She was scheduled for a lobotomy when her first book, a collection of short stories, won an important literary prize. The lobotomy was cancelled, and her writing career began.

Campion tells this story in a straightforward manner. The scenes in the asylum are extremely disturbing, and like the entire movie, are presented as Janet experiences them. The series of actresses who play Frame (Alexia Keogh, Karen Fergusson, and Kerry Fox) do an excellent job of giving us a shy, withdrawn person (difficult to portray on the screen) while always giving a sense of the artist inside the shyness. (It also helps that the three, in their makeup and hairstyles, look so much alike it’s not easy to tell when one leaves off and another begins.) Fox, the only one of the three who continued with an acting career, is stunning, especially when something brings her joy. Frame experiences enough misery that the joyful moments are heartwarming in a good way.

Yet Campion hasn’t given us a feel-good movie. Yes, it’s nice that Frame found herself through her writing, and her success feels well-earned in the film. But Campion never stoops to a mere “heroine overcoming great odds” boilerplate, making An Angel at My Table much better than the norm.

The film jumps too quickly at times through important events in Frame’s life. I imagine if you knew her story in advance, this wouldn’t be a problem, but as is, the film could be longer, even though it’s already 2 1/2 hours long. There is also a matter-of-fact feel to some of Frame’s achievements. Little is made of her published works, beyond serving to move the story along, obviously in the near-lobotomy scene, but throughout … at one point, she is asked to autograph some books and I thought, she wrote a book already? In the past, I’ve tended to respect Campion’s work more than I liked it (and in the case of In the Cut, I didn’t care for it at all). Of the ones I’ve now seen, I’d say An Angel at My Table is the best Campion film. 8/10.

This is the true story of New Zealand writer Janet Frame, who wrote an autobiographical trilogy that Jane Campion filmed as a three-part television mini-series, which then became An Angel at My Table. (It’s unclear to me whether the film version is just the series, edited together, or if some changes were made.) Frame has a fascinating tale to tell: shy and talented, and perhaps prone to depression, she was misdiagnosed as a schizophrenic and spent eight years in a psychiatric hospital, where she received a couple of hundred shock treatments. She was scheduled for a lobotomy when her first book, a collection of short stories, won an important literary prize. The lobotomy was cancelled, and her writing career began.

Campion tells this story in a straightforward manner. The scenes in the asylum are extremely disturbing, and like the entire movie, are presented as Janet experiences them. The series of actresses who play Frame (Alexia Keogh, Karen Fergusson, and Kerry Fox) do an excellent job of giving us a shy, withdrawn person (difficult to portray on the screen) while always giving a sense of the artist inside the shyness. (It also helps that the three, in their makeup and hairstyles, look so much alike it’s not easy to tell when one leaves off and another begins.) Fox, the only one of the three who continued with an acting career, is stunning, especially when something brings her joy. Frame experiences enough misery that the joyful moments are heartwarming in a good way.

Yet Campion hasn’t given us a feel-good movie. Yes, it’s nice that Frame found herself through her writing, and her success feels well-earned in the film. But Campion never stoops to a mere “heroine overcoming great odds” boilerplate, making An Angel at My Table much better than the norm.

The film jumps too quickly at times through important events in Frame’s life. I imagine if you knew her story in advance, this wouldn’t be a problem, but as is, the film could be longer, even though it’s already 2 1/2 hours long. There is also a matter-of-fact feel to some of Frame’s achievements. Little is made of her published works, beyond serving to move the story along, obviously in the near-lobotomy scene, but throughout … at one point, she is asked to autograph some books and I thought, she wrote a book already? In the past, I’ve tended to respect Campion’s work more than I liked it (and in the case of In the Cut, I didn’t care for it at all). Of the ones I’ve now seen, I’d say An Angel at My Table is the best Campion film. 8/10.

textbook:
Lesson:
Title: The Power of Persistence: The Story of Janet Frame
Level: Primary through High School
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the life of Janet Frame, a New Zealand writer who overcame numerous obstacles to become a successful author. We will explore how her experiences in a psychiatric hospital and her struggle with depression inspired her writing and how she used her talent to overcome adversity.
Section 1: Background Information
- Janet Frame was a New Zealand writer who wrote an autobiographical trilogy that was later made into a television mini-series called "An Angel at My Table."
- Frame had a fascinating tale to tell, having been misdiagnosed as a schizophrenic and spending eight years in a psychiatric hospital.
- She was scheduled for a lobotomy but was saved when her first book won an important literary prize.
Section 2: The Importance of Persistence
- Despite facing numerous challenges, including a misdiagnosis and a lobotomy, Frame persisted in her writing career and eventually became a successful author.
- Her experiences in the psychiatric hospital and her struggle with depression inspired much of her writing.
- Frame's story shows that with hard work and determination, even the most difficult obstacles can be overcome.
Section 3: Applying the Concepts
- How can we apply the concept of persistence to our own lives?
- What are some examples of obstacles that we may face, and how can we overcome them?
- How can we use our own experiences to inspire our writing or other creative pursuits?
Glossary:
- Autobiographical: relating to or being a literary work based on the writer's own experiences
- Misdiagnosed: incorrectly diagnosed with a medical condition
- Lobotomy: a surgical procedure that involves cutting through the skull to destroy parts of the brain
- Psychiatric hospital: a medical facility specializing in the treatment of mental illness
Conclusion:
Janet Frame's story is a powerful reminder of the importance of persistence in the face of adversity. By using her experiences in the psychiatric hospital and her struggle with depression as inspiration for her writing, Frame was able to overcome her obstacles and become a successful author. We can apply this concept to our own lives by remaining determined and focused, even in the face of difficult challenges. By using our own experiences to inspire our creative pursuits, we can create meaningful works that resonate with others.


text: From the 3rd century to the 8th century C.E., the Caucasus experienced numerous changes in rule, each ruler bringing new coinage to the area. The Sassanid Persian Empire struck silver dirhams in Nakhichevan, a modern exclave of Azerbaijan, in the late 3rdcentury C.E. Byzantine silver was introduced into the area in the 5th century C.E. In the 7thcentury the Umayyad Caliphate minted gold and copper coins.

textbook:
Lesson: Ancient Coinage in the Caucasus

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the history of ancient coinage in the Caucasus region. We will explore the different types of coins that were used in the area, from the 3rd century to the 8th century C.E. This includes the Sassanid Persian Empire's silver dirhams, Byzantine silver, and the Umayyad Caliphate's gold and copper coins.

Section 1: Sassanid Persian Empire Silver Dirhams
- What is a dirham? (a type of coin used in the Muslim world)
- When were Sassanid Persian silver dirhams struck in Nakhichevan? (late 3rd century C.E.)
- Why were these coins introduced to the area? (to facilitate trade)

Section 2: Byzantine Silver
- What is Byzantine silver? (coins minted by the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire)
- When were Byzantine silver coins introduced into the Caucasus area? (5th century C.E.)
- How were these coins different from the previous coins used in the area? (they had different designs and were made of different materials)

Section 3: Umayyad Caliphate Gold and Copper Coins
- What is the Umayyad Caliphate? (an Islamic empire that ruled from 661 to 750 C.E.)
- What types of coins did the Umayyad Caliphate mint in the Caucasus area? (gold and copper)
- Why were these coins introduced into the area? (to establish their authority and control over the region)

Conclusion:
This lesson has taught us about the history of ancient coinage in the Caucasus region. We learned about the different types of coins used in the area, from the 3rd century to the 8th century C.E. We also learned about the reasons why these coins were introduced and how they differed from each other. By studying the history of ancient coinage, we can gain a better understanding of the economic and political changes that occurred in the region over time.

Glossary:
- Dirham: a type of coin used in the Muslim world
- Byzantine Empire: the Eastern Roman Empire (also known as the Byzantine Empire)
- Umayyad Caliphate: an Islamic empire that ruled from 661 to 750 C.E.

[1] "Ancient Coinage in the Caucasus." Ancient History Encyclopedia, www.ancient.eu/article/1549/ancient-coinage-in-the-caucasus/.