text: An Analysis of Multiple Product Merchandising Strategies for Loblolly Pine Stumpage. Procedures are outlined for analyzing the value of loblolly pine stands, given various merchandising strategies, product specifications, and market conditions. Taper equations are used extensively for determining tree-bucking strategies that meet production specifications. An empirical example demonstrates the application of the procedures to a comparison of ten merchandising strategies for a timber stand. Among the products considered are pulpwood, chip-n-saw, plylogs, and sawlogs, with the latter three in both standard-cut and tree-length forms. Several sensitivity analyses demonstrate the impacts of changes in markets and product specifications on the values implicit in the merchandising strategies. South. J. Appl. For. 10:137-41, Aug. 1986.. No References. No Citations. No Supplementary Data. No Data/Media. No Metrics. Document Type: Journal Article. Affiliations: Canal Wood Corporation, Lumberton, NC. Publication date: 1986

textbook:
Lesson Title: Analyzing Multiple Product Merchandising Strategies for Loblolly Pine Stumpage

Lesson Overview:
In this self-taught lesson, we will learn about the procedures for analyzing the value of loblolly pine stands, given various merchandising strategies, product specifications, and market conditions. We will also explore the use of taper equations for determining tree-bucking strategies that meet production specifications. Finally, we will apply these procedures to a comparison of ten merchandising strategies for a timber stand.

Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
- Understand the procedures for analyzing the value of loblolly pine stands
- Use taper equations for determining tree-bucking strategies that meet production specifications
- Compare ten merchandising strategies for a timber stand
- Analyze the impacts of changes in markets and product specifications on the values implicit in the merchandising strategies

Lesson Outline:
I. Introduction to Analyzing Multiple Product Merchandising Strategies for Loblolly Pine Stumpage
    A. Definition of Loblolly Pine
    B. Importance of Analyzing Multiple Product Merchandising Strategies
    C. Overview of the Lesson

II. Procedures for Analyzing the Value of Loblolly Pine Stands
    A. Determining Tree-Bucking Strategies
        1. Use of Taper Equations
        2. Determining Optimal Tree-Bucking Strategies
    B. Analyzing Various Merchandising Strategies
        1. Pulpmill Strategies
        2. Sawmill Strategies
        3. Chip-N-Saw Strategies
        4. Plylog Strategies
        5. Comparison of Ten Merchandising Strategies

III. Empirical Example Demonstrating the Application of the Procedures
    A. Example of a Timber Stand
    B. Comparison of Ten Merchandising Strategies
    C. Results of the Analysis

IV. Sensitivity Analyses
    A. Impacts of Changes in Markets and Product Specifications
    B. Variations in Market Conditions
    C. Effects of Different Product Specifications

V. Conclusion
    A. Recap of the Lesson
    B. Application of Skills Gained to New Problems
    C. Final Thoughts

Glossary:
- Loblolly Pine: A species of pine tree native to the southeastern United States.
- Taper Equations: Mathematical equations used to determine the diameter and height of a tree at any point along its length.
- Merchandising Strategies: Plans for converting raw timber into finished products.
- Product Specifications: The details of a product, such as size, shape, and quality.
- Market Conditions: The economic, social, and political factors that affect the demand and supply of goods and services.

Self-Debating Discussion:
- Why is it important to analyze multiple product merchandising strategies for loblolly pine stumpage?
- How do taper equations help in determining tree-bucking strategies?
- What are some of the challenges in comparing ten merchandising strategies for a timber stand?
- How can sensitivity analyses help in understanding the impacts of changes in markets and product specifications?


text: Oracle VM: Avoid High Load and Slow Response from Oracle VM Manager After Removing a LUN. Last updated on APRIL 05, 2016. Applies to:Oracle VM - Version 3.2.1 and later. Information in this document applies to any platform.. Symptoms. A LUN was deleted from the backend SAN Storage Controller but it is still shown listed as a Physical disk in OVM Manager.. OVM Manager GUI is very slow and potentially unresponsive.. Changes. A LUN was deleted from the backend SAN Storage Controller.. Cause. My Oracle Support provides customers with access to over a. Million Knowledge Articles and hundreds of Community platforms

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: How to Avoid High Load and Slow Response from Oracle VM Manager After Removing a LUN

### Overview

In this lesson, we will learn about the causes and symptoms of high load and slow response from Oracle VM Manager after removing a LUN. We will also explore the changes that can lead to these issues and the steps you can take to avoid them.

### Section 1: Introduction

Oracle VM is a virtualization software that enables users to create and manage virtual machines on a physical computer. However, sometimes users may encounter high load and slow response from Oracle VM Manager after removing a LUN (Logical Unit Number). In this lesson, we will learn about the causes and symptoms of this issue and the steps you can take to avoid it.

### Section 2: Causes and Symptoms

The causes of high load and slow response from Oracle VM Manager after removing a LUN are usually due to the following reasons:

1. The LUN is still mounted or referenced by the guest operating system even after it has been removed from the Oracle VM.
2. The LUN was not properly detached from the Oracle VM.
3. The Oracle VM Manager is not configured correctly to handle the removal of a LUN.

Symptoms of this issue include:

1. The Oracle VM Manager GUI is very slow and potentially unresponsive.
2. The Oracle VM Manager takes a long time to start up or respond to commands.
3. The Oracle VM Manager crashes or freezes when attempting to remove a LUN.

### Section 3: Changes and Steps to Avoid the Issue

To avoid high load and slow response from Oracle VM Manager after removing a LUN, follow these steps:

1. Ensure that the LUN is no longer mounted or referenced by the guest operating system. You can do this by checking the guest operating system's file system for any references to the removed LUN.
2. Properly detach the LUN from the Oracle VM. This can be done by using the "ovm_detach" command in the Oracle VM Manager's command line interface.
3. Ensure that the Oracle VM Manager is configured correctly to handle the removal of a LUN. This can be done by checking the Oracle VM Manager's configuration settings and ensuring that they are optimized for your environment.

### Section 4: Conclusion

In conclusion, high load and slow response from Oracle VM Manager after removing a LUN can be caused by several factors, including the LUN being still mounted or referenced by the guest operating system, improper detachment of the LUN from the Oracle VM, and incorrect configuration of the Oracle VM Manager. By following the steps outlined above, you can avoid these issues and ensure that your Oracle VM Manager runs smoothly and efficiently.


text:
Therapeutic drug monitoring of aminoglycoside antibiotics.
Aminoglycosides are widely used antibacterial agents, particularly for serious infections. They have a narrow therapeutic margin of efficacy over toxicity relative to many other agents, a disadvantage which can be obviated to some extent by precise dosing regulated by blood concentration monitoring. The relationships of efficacy and toxicity to concentrations are discussed, as are the practical aspects of clinical indications for monitoring and specimen collection. Dosing by predictive methods is useful but not always of sufficient precision. A large number of methods for assay are now available. With care, microbilogical plate assays can give results of adequate accuracy and selectivity, and with sufficient speed. Immunoassays give more accurate, specific and rapid answers; EMIT, in particular, seems the best method available at the present time. Whichever method is used, control of its accuracy is essential.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson Title: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

Introduction:
Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that are commonly used to treat serious bacterial infections. However, they have a narrow therapeutic margin of efficacy over toxicity, which means that it is crucial to monitor their levels in the blood to ensure that they are effective without causing harm. This lesson will discuss the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring of aminoglycoside antibiotics and the methods used to perform this monitoring.

Section 1: Understanding Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Topic 1: Why is therapeutic drug monitoring important?
- Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is the process of measuring the levels of a drug in a patient's blood to ensure that it is within the appropriate therapeutic range.
- Aminoglycosides have a narrow therapeutic margin, which means that even small changes in concentration can lead to toxicity or reduced effectiveness.
- TDM helps to optimize dosing regimens and minimize the risk of toxicity or treatment failure.

Topic 2: How does TDM work?
- TDM involves taking blood samples from patients who are receiving aminoglycoside therapy.
- The samples are then sent to a laboratory, where they are analyzed to determine the concentration of the drug in the blood.
- The results are used to adjust the dosing regimen to ensure that the drug is effective without causing harm.

Section 2: Methods of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Topic 1: Microbiological plate assays
- Microbiological plate assays are a common method used to measure aminoglycoside concentrations in blood samples.
- These assays involve the use of microorganisms that are sensitive to aminoglycosides.
- The concentration of the drug is determined by measuring the degree of inhibition of the microorganisms.

Topic 2: Immunoassays
- Immunoassays are another method used to measure aminoglycoside concentrations in blood samples.
- These assays involve the use of antibodies that bind specifically to aminoglycosides.
- The concentration of the drug is determined by measuring the amount of binding that occurs between the antibody and the drug.

Section 3: Practical Aspects of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Topic 1: Clinical indications for monitoring
- Therapeutic drug monitoring is typically indicated when a patient is receiving aminoglycoside therapy for a serious bacterial infection.
- It may also be indicated in cases where there is a risk of toxicity or treatment failure.

Topic 2: Specimen collection
- Blood samples for TDM should be collected at a consistent time each day to ensure that the results are comparable.
- The site of collection should be clean and free from contamination.
- The needle should be sterile and properly disposed of after use.

Conclusion:
Therapeutic drug monitoring of aminoglycoside antibiotics is an essential tool in ensuring the safety and effectiveness of these drugs. By understanding the importance of TDM and the methods used to perform it, healthcare providers can optimize dosing regimens and minimize the risk of toxicity or treatment failure.

Glossary:
- Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM): The process of measuring the levels of a drug in a patient's blood to ensure that it is within the appropriate therapeutic range.
- Aminoglycosides: A class of antibiotics that are commonly used to treat serious bacterial infections.
- Therapeutic margin: The range of drug concentrations in which a drug is effective without causing harm.
- Toxicity: The potential harm that a drug can cause when used at high concentrations.


text:
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textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Bearings

Overview: In this lesson, we will learn about bearings, their types, and their applications. We will also explore the different components of a bearing and how they work together to reduce friction and support loads.

Objective: By the end of this lesson, students will be able to identify different types of bearings, understand the components of a bearing, and explain how bearings work to reduce friction and support loads.

Section 1: What are Bearings?

Introduction: Bearings are mechanical devices that allow one object to move smoothly over another. They are used in a wide range of applications, from automobiles and machines to medical equipment and toys.

Main Topic: Types of Bearings

There are four main types of bearings: ball bearings, roller bearings, needle bearings, and plain bearings. Each type has its own unique characteristics and applications.

1. Ball Bearings: Ball bearings consist of balls made of metal or other materials that are placed between two rings, one of which is usually stationary while the other rotates. They are commonly used in applications where high precision and low friction are required.

2. Roller Bearings: Roller bearings consist of rollers that are placed between two rings, one of which is usually stationary while the other rotates. They are commonly used in applications where heavy loads need to be supported.

3. Needle Bearings: Needle bearings consist of long, thin needles that are placed between two rings, one of which is usually stationary while the other rotates. They are commonly used in applications where space is limited.

4. Plain Bearings: Plain bearings consist of a shaft that slides or rolls against a stationary surface. They are commonly used in applications where there is no need for precise movement or low friction.

Section 2: Components of a Bearing

Introduction: A bearing consists of several components that work together to reduce friction and support loads. These components include the outer race, inner race, cage, and rolling elements.

Main Topic: Functions of Bearing Components

1. Outer Race: The outer race is the stationary part of the bearing. It is usually made of steel or other durable material and provides support for the rolling elements.

2. Inner Race: The inner race is the rotating part of the bearing. It is usually made of steel or other durable material and is designed to guide the rolling elements.

3. Cage: The cage is a device that holds the rolling elements in place and prevents them from coming into contact with the inner race. It is usually made of plastic or other lightweight material.

4. Rolling Elements: The rolling elements are the balls or rollers that make up the bearing. They are designed to rotate smoothly between the inner and outer races.

Section 3: How Bearings Work

Introduction: Bearings work by reducing friction and supporting loads. This is achieved through the use of rolling elements that rotate between the inner and outer races.

Main Topic: How Bearings Reduce Friction

1. Lubrication: Bearings reduce friction by using a lubricant between the rolling elements and the inner and outer races. This reduces the amount of force required to move the object and prolongs the life of the bearing.

2. Separation of Moving Parts: Bearings reduce friction by separating the moving parts of an object from the stationary parts. This allows for smooth, low-friction movement.

Section 4: Applications of Bearings

Introduction: Bearings are used in a wide range of applications, from automobiles and machines to medical equipment and toys.

Main Topic: Examples of Bearing Applications

1. Automobiles: Bearings are used in the wheels, steering system, and transmission of automobiles.

2. Machines: Bearings are used in industrial machines such as motors, generators, and pumps.

3. Medical Equipment: Bearings are used in medical equipment such as X-ray machines and surgical instruments.

4. Toys: Bearings are used in toys such as remote-controlled cars and dolls.

Conclusion: In this lesson, we learned about bearings, their types, and their applications. We also explored the different components of a bearing and how they work together to reduce friction and support loads. By understanding these concepts, we can apply our knowledge to new problems and improve our ability to design and analyze mechanical systems.

Glossary:

Bearing: A mechanical device that allows one object to move smoothly over another.

Rolling Elements: The balls or rollers that make up the bearing.

Outer Race: The stationary part of the bearing.

Inner Race: The rotating part of the bearing.

Cage: A device that holds the rolling elements in place.

Lubrication: The use of a lubricant to reduce friction between moving parts.

Separation of Moving Parts: The process of separating the moving parts of an object from the stationary parts.

Applications: The uses of bearings in various industries.


text:
Q:

How to Keep First Row and Second Row of Ms. Word Table in one page in BI Publisher Report?

My institution is using BI Publisher (Ms.Word add on) with Peoplesoft.
Now, I'm doing a report that will print a name and it's description in table format repeatedly. In some cases, the first and second row of the table will be separated in different page. I already tried to check the "Keep Lines Together" and deselect "allow row to break across pages" setting, but only worked with static table, not with table contains BI Publisher fields.
This is the screen shot (look at the red arrow).
First and second row of table are separated in different page
Anyone able to solve this issue? Thanks.

A:

it was done..just create 1x1 table and set it to not allow break across pages. Then, put the the main table into that 1x1 table. Place the repeating tags outside the 1x1 table.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Create a Table in Microsoft Word

## Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn how to create a table in Microsoft Word. Tables are useful for organizing information and presenting it in a structured way. They can be used for various purposes such as creating a list, organizing data, or displaying information graphically.

## Section 1: Creating a Table

### Subsection 1.1: Opening Microsoft Word

To create a table in Microsoft Word, you need to open the program. If you do not have Microsoft Word installed on your computer, you can use the online version of Microsoft Word.

### Subsection 1.2: Selecting the Table Tool

Once you have opened Microsoft Word, select the "Table" tool from the "Insert" tab. This will open the "Create Table" dialog box.

### Subsection 1.3: Adding Table Rows and Columns

In the "Create Table" dialog box, you can specify the number of rows and columns you want in your table. You can also choose the style of the table, such as a grid or a form. Once you have selected the desired options, click "OK."

### Subsection 1.4: Formatting the Table

After you have created the table, you can format it as needed. For example, you can change the font size, color, or style. You can also add borders to the table, change the cell spacing, or align the data.

## Section 2: Adding Content to the Table

### Subsection 2.1: Entering Text

Once you have created and formatted the table, you can enter the desired content. This can include text, numbers, or symbols. You can also use the table to create a chart or graph.

### Subsection 2.2: Using Table Fields

If you are working with a database, you can use table fields to automatically populate the table with data. To do this, you must first create the table in the database and then link it to the table in Microsoft Word.

## Section 3: Saving and Sharing the Table

### Subsection 3.1: Saving the Table

After you have finished creating and formatting the table, you should save your work. You can do this by clicking on the "File" tab and selecting "Save As." Choose a location on your computer to save the file and give it a name.

### Subsection 3.2: Sharing the Table

If you want to share the table with others, you can send them the file or copy and paste the table into an email. You can also publish the table to a website or a cloud storage service such as Dropbox or Google Drive.

## Conclusion

Creating a table in Microsoft Word is a useful skill that can help you organize and present information in a clear and structured way. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can create a table, add content, and save and share it with others.


text: 12 PM: 1/3 lb ground lamb browned in a little lard with 2 duck eggs and a bunch of spinach. 2 PM: 2 Kind bars. 6-9 PM: Grazed at our Daniel’s get-together. Sesame steak bites, shrimp in sauce(?), seared ahi, bacon wrapped scallop, 2 glasses white wine.. Workouts:. 3-4 PM: deadlifting up to 241 x 3. I lifted it twice, decided the calculated 1RM wasn’t what I wanted, vacuumed the gym, and then lifted it three times, for a calc. PR 1RM of 266. MAYBE I’ll be able to get my long delayed goal lift of 260, for double bodyweight. Hmm… maybe next month at the Rippetoe barbell seminar?. 5 PM with my class:. “Ensign”. AMRAP 3 minutes – 3 power cleans, 6 push-ups, 9 air squats, rest 1 min, repeat four more times for five rounds. I used 75 lbs and total rounds were 19+. Fun workout. Then we all went to our happy hour party at Daniel’s and were sent to the upstairs room–awesome.

textbook:
Lesson: Nutrition and Exercise Tracking

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of tracking what we eat and our exercise routine. We will also learn how to calculate our daily caloric needs and create a plan to meet those needs while staying healthy.

Section 1: Understanding Calories
- What is a calorie?
- Why do we need to track calories?
- How many calories do we need daily?

Section 2: Calculating Daily Caloric Needs
- BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate)
- Activity Factor
- TDEE (Total Daily Energy Expenditure)
- Example calculation

Section 3: Creating a Healthy Diet Plan
- Macronutrients (protein, carbohydrates, and fats)
- Micronutrients (vitamins and minerals)
- Balancing calories and macronutrients
- Example meal plan

Section 4: Tracking Exercise
- Importance of exercise
- Types of exercise
- Calculating calories burned during exercise
- Incorporating exercise into daily routine

Conclusion:
In conclusion, tracking what we eat and our exercise routine is essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. By calculating our daily caloric needs and creating a balanced diet plan, we can meet those needs while staying healthy. Additionally, incorporating exercise into our daily routine can help us maintain a healthy weight and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

Glossary:
- Calorie: A unit of energy used to measure the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.
- BMR: Basal Metabolic Rate - the number of calories needed to keep the body functioning at rest.
- TDEE: Total Daily Energy Expenditure - the total number of calories needed to maintain the body's functions and activity levels.
- Macronutrient: A nutrient that the body needs in relatively large amounts, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.
- Micronutrient: A nutrient that the body needs in small amounts, such as vitamins and minerals.


text:
Qbeta-phage resistance by deletion of the coiled-coil motif in elongation factor Ts.
Elongation factor Ts (EF-Ts) is the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), which promotes the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-programmed ribosome in prokaryotes. The EF-Tu.EF-Ts complex, one of the EF-Tu complexes during protein synthesis, is also a component of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases like the polymerase from coliphage Qbeta. The present study shows that the Escherichia coli mutant GRd.tsf lacking the coiled-coil motif of EF-Ts is completely resistant to phage Qbeta and that Qbeta-polymerase complex formation is not observed. GRd.tsf is the first E. coli mutant ever described that is unable to form a Qbeta-polymerase complex while still maintaining an almost normal growth behavior. The phage resistance correlates with an observed instability of the mutant EF-Tu.EF-Ts complex in the presence of guanine nucleotides. Thus, the mutant EF-Tu.EF-Ts is the first EF-Tu.EF-Ts complex ever described that is completely inactive in the Qbeta-polymerase complex despite its almost full activity in protein synthesis. We propose that the role of EF-Ts in the Qbeta-polymerase complex is to control and trap EF-Tu in a stable conformation with affinity for RNA templates while unable to bind aminoacyl-tRNA.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding Elongation Factor Ts and Its Role in Phage Resistance

Introduction:
Elongation factor Ts (EF-Ts) is a crucial protein in prokaryotic cells that plays a significant role in protein synthesis. It is involved in the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-programmed ribosome, which is essential for the translation process. In this lesson, we will explore the role of EF-Ts in phage resistance and its significance in the field of molecular biology.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is to understand the role of EF-Ts in phage resistance and its importance in the field of molecular biology.

Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

1. What is Elongation Factor Ts?
EF-Ts is a protein that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis in prokaryotic cells. It is involved in the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-programmed ribosome, which is essential for the translation process.

2. How does EF-Ts contribute to phage resistance?
In some cases, EF-Ts can help bacterial cells resist phage infection. This is because EF-Ts is also a component of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, which are involved in the replication of phages. By interfering with the function of these polymerases, EF-Ts can prevent the replication of phages and thus protect the bacterial cell from infection.

3. What is the role of EF-Ts in the Qbeta-polymerase complex?
EF-Ts is involved in the formation of the Qbeta-polymerase complex, which is essential for the replication of the Qbeta phage. However, some mutations in EF-Ts can prevent the formation of this complex, leading to phage resistance in bacterial cells.

Section 2: Practical Examples

1. How can we study the role of EF-Ts in phage resistance experimentally?
Researchers can use genetic engineering techniques to create bacterial strains with mutations in the EF-Ts gene. By comparing the susceptibility of these mutant strains to phage infection, they can determine the role of EF-Ts in phage resistance.

2. Can we use mathematical models to predict the effect of EF-Ts mutations on phage resistance?
Yes, mathematical models can be used to predict the effect of EF-Ts mutations on phage resistance. These models can take into account factors such as the rate of phage infection, the rate of phage replication, and the efficiency of phage-host interactions.

Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

1. How can we apply our understanding of EF-Ts and phage resistance to the development of antibiotics?
By understanding the role of EF-Ts in phage resistance, we can develop drugs that target this protein and make bacterial cells more susceptible to phage infection. This could lead to the development of new antibiotics that are effective against drug-resistant bacteria.

2. How can we use our knowledge of EF-Ts and phage resistance to improve biosecurity?
Understanding the role of EF-Ts in phage resistance can help us develop strategies to prevent the spread of phage infections in biological research facilities and other settings where biosecurity is a concern.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, EF-Ts plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and has been shown to contribute to phage resistance in certain bacterial strains. By understanding the mechanisms behind this resistance, we can develop new strategies to combat phage infections and improve biosecurity.


text: U.S. Employment/Labor: Employment Torts Domain Supplement resource Standards and Guidelines. This Supplement addresses the risks and compliance issues that arises from employment tort actions.. Employment/Labor (U.S.) group. Welcome to the U.S. Employment & Labor community group. This group addresses all GRC issues that arise for companies that must address employment and labor requirements and risks in the United States. In addition, there are several community groups that address specific aspects of employment as they arise both in the U.S. and globally.. Employment Litigation Gets Personal for Company Managers (2007) resource Articles Member contributionOCEG Reviewed. Employment Torts (2006) resource Articles Member contributionOCEG Reviewed. CCH Work Week Newsletter resource Books / Publications Member contributionOCEG Reviewed.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Employment Torts

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Employment torts are legal claims that arise when an employee alleges that their employer has violated their rights. These claims can be based on various legal theories such as negligence, intentional misconduct, or breach of contract. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of employment torts and how they can affect both employees and employers.

### Section 2: Practical Examples
Let's consider a hypothetical example. Suppose an employee named John works for a company called XYZ Corp. One day, while John is working, he slips and falls on a wet floor due to the negligence of his employer. As a result, John suffers injuries and decides to file a lawsuit against XYZ Corp. for negligence.

In this case, John would be filing an employment tort claim against his employer. He would argue that XYZ Corp. was negligent in maintaining a safe work environment, which resulted in his injuries. The court would then decide whether John's injuries were caused by the employer's negligence or if they were due to some other reason.

### Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions
Now, let's engage in a self-debating discussion. Suppose you are John's attorney. How would you prove that XYZ Corp. was negligent in maintaining a safe work environment? What evidence would you gather to support your argument? How would you demonstrate that the employer's negligence directly caused John's injuries?

As John's attorney, you would need to gather evidence such as witness statements, photographs of the wet floor, and safety reports to show that the employer knew or should have known about the hazardous conditions but failed to take corrective action. You would also need to prove that the employer's negligence was the proximate cause of John's injuries. This could be done by showing that had the employer taken reasonable steps to maintain a safe work environment, John's accident would not have occurred.

### Glossary
- Negligence: Failure to exercise the care toward others which a reasonable person of ordinary prudence and intelligence would exercise under similar circumstances.
- Intentional Misconduct: Deliberate or reckless behavior that causes harm to another person or entity.
- Breach of Contract: A violation of the terms of a legally binding agreement between two parties.

### Conclusion
Employment torts are an important area of law that affects both employees and employers. By understanding the basic principles of employment torts, we can better navigate the legal landscape and protect our rights and interests. In this lesson, we explored the theoretical concepts, practical examples, and engaged in self-debating discussions to deepen our understanding of this topic.


text:
Q:

Is /tmp/crontab.NKQ7JX/crontab expcted as a cron job?

My apologies for asking... This looks very unusual to me, but I'm not a cron expert because I rarely have to do anything with it. I'm trying to setup a cron job to run once every 15 minutes.
$ echo $EDITOR
emacs
$ sudo crontab -e

When I run the command, it brings up the wrong editor (GNU nano) with an unexpected filename. However, it has the expected comments:

The text that can't be seen is:
# Run ci20-rng.exe to replenish /dev/random once every 15 minutes
*/15 * * * * /usr/local/bin/ci20-rng.exe

Is the wrong editor and an incorrect filename expected? It seems like putting long term jobs in a temp directory seems kind of dicey, especially if its world readable/writable. I guess more importantly, will the job run every 15 minutes?

A:

Editor part:
$ echo $EDITOR
emacs

Shows your personal editor setting.
You then do a sudo crontab -e which changes the user to root and uses root's environment, which can have different settings including a different setting for EDITOR.
/tmp part
Many programs do not edit a file in place. That make a local copy (e.g. in /tmp/) and you edit that. On save and quit a sanity check if performed before the result is copied back to its original place. Having nano show that it is working on the copy in /tmp/ is not bad. So you don`t have to worry about it.

textbook:
Lesson:
Introduction to Cron Jobs

Cron jobs are a powerful tool for scheduling tasks on a computer. They can automate repetitive tasks, run programs at specific times, and even send email notifications. In this lesson, we will learn about cron jobs, how they work, and how to set them up.

Section 1: What is a Cron Job?

A cron job is a task scheduled to run at a specific time or interval. It is named after the Greek word "chronos," which means time. Cron jobs are typically used to automate repetitive tasks, such as backing up a database or running a program at a specific time.

Section 2: How do Cron Jobs Work?

Cron jobs work by using a crontab file, which contains a list of commands that the system should run at specific times or intervals. The crontab file is stored in the /etc/cron.d directory, and each line in the file represents a separate task.

The format of a crontab file is as follows:

0 12 * * * command to run

The five fields in the crontab file represent the following:

1. Minute (0-59)
2. Hour (0-23)
3. Day of the month (1-31)
4. Month (1-12)
5. Weekday (0-6, where 0 is Sunday and 6 is Saturday)

For example, if you want a task to run every day at midnight, you would use the following crontab entry:

0 0 * * * command to run

Section 3: Setting Up Cron Jobs

To set up a cron job, you need to open a terminal and use the crontab command. Here are the steps:

1. Open a terminal and log in as the user who should own the cron job.
2. Type the command crontab -e to edit the crontab file.
3. Add the desired task to the crontab file using the format described in Section 2.
4. Save the file and exit.

Here is an example of a cron job that backs up a database every day at midnight:

0 0 * * * tar -czf /backup/database.tar.gz /path/to/database

Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about cron jobs and how they can be used to automate tasks. We also learned how to set up a cron job using the crontab command. By applying these skills, you can save time and effort by automating repetitive tasks.


text: 摘要 = - 0.654, p = 0.006) and is positively correlated to the swimming time (r = 0.69, p = 0.003). Conclusion: The result shows that omega-3 fatty acids have a beneficial effect on preventing the development of depression-like behaviors in rats with the FST.. ASJC Scopus subject areas. - 精神病學和心理健康. - 生物精神病學

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Correlation Coefficients

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about correlation coefficients, which are used to measure the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. We will cover the basics of correlation coefficients, including what they are, how they are calculated, and how to interpret them.

Section 1: What are correlation coefficients?
A correlation coefficient is a statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two variables are related to each other. It ranges from -1 to +1, where -1 indicates a perfect negative correlation, 0 indicates no correlation, and +1 indicates a perfect positive correlation.

Section 2: How are correlation coefficients calculated?
Correlation coefficients are calculated using a formula that takes into account the mean of the two variables and the standard deviation of each variable. The formula is as follows:

r = [nΣ(xy) - (Σx)(Σy)] / [(nΣx)^2 + (Σey)^2]

Where:
- r is the correlation coefficient
- n is the number of observations
- Σ is the sum of the values
- x and y are the two variables being compared

Section 3: How do we interpret correlation coefficients?
Interpreting correlation coefficients involves understanding the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. Here are some guidelines for interpreting correlation coefficients:

- If the correlation coefficient is close to +1, it indicates a strong positive correlation between the two variables.
- If the correlation coefficient is close to -1, it indicates a strong negative correlation between the two variables.
- If the correlation coefficient is close to 0, it indicates that there is no correlation between the two variables.

Section 4: Practical Examples
Let's consider an example where we want to determine if there is a relationship between the number of hours spent studying and the final exam score. We calculate the correlation coefficient between the two variables and find that it is 0.7. This indicates that there is a strong positive correlation between the number of hours spent studying and the final exam score.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about correlation coefficients, which are used to measure the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. We covered the basics of correlation coefficients, including what they are, how they are calculated, and how to interpret them. We also provided a practical example to illustrate how correlation coefficients can be used to analyze data.

Glossary:
- Correlation coefficient: A statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two variables are related to each other.
- Positive correlation: A relationship between two variables where an increase in one variable is associated with an increase in the other variable.
- Negative correlation: A relationship between two variables where an increase in one variable is associated with a decrease in the other variable.
- No correlation: A relationship between two variables where changes in one variable do not affect the other variable.


text: A. They will also be at the box office along with your opera tickets. This tour is included with your Opera Package, so don’t forget to ask for them!. Make sure to leave time during one of your free afternoons for the backstage tour of the Metropolitan Opera House.. The Metropolitan Opera Guild Backstage Tour allows people to visit production areas not usually seen by the general public.. These behind-the-scene tours of the Met ™ increase your understanding of how a world-class opera company actually works.. Backstage tours are held during the opera season at 3:00 pm on weekdays and at 10:30 am and 1:30 pm. Sundays. However, tours are not held on the days of final dress rehearsals, or other special events in the opera house.

textbook:
Lesson: Backstage Tour of the Metropolitan Opera House
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the backstage tour of the Metropolitan Opera House. We will explore the production areas that are not usually seen by the general public and understand how a world-class opera company works.
Section 1: The Importance of Backstage Tours
- Why are backstage tours important?
- What can we learn from these tours?
- How do they increase our understanding of the opera industry?
Section 2: The Tour Itinerary
- What are the production areas we will visit?
- What are the times and days when the tours are available?
- What are the days when the tours are not available?
Section 3: The Role of Backstage Workers
- What are the different roles of workers in the opera house?
- What are their responsibilities?
- How do they contribute to the success of the opera performances?
Section 4: The Importance of Attention to Detail
- Why is attention to detail important in the opera industry?
- What are some examples of details that need to be taken care of?
- How does attention to detail affect the overall experience of the audience?
Section 5: The Impact of Technology on the Opera Industry
- How has technology changed the way the opera industry operates?
- What are some examples of technological advancements used in the opera industry?
- How has technology improved the overall experience of the audience?
Glossary:
- Opera: A form of theatre in which music and singing play a significant role in the narrative.
- Metropolitan Opera House: A famous opera house located in New York City.
- Backstage: The area behind the scenes of a theatre or stage production.
- Final Dress Rehearsal: The last rehearsal before a performance.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, backstage tours of the Metropolitan Opera House provide us with a unique opportunity to understand the inner workings of a world-class opera company. By exploring the production areas that are not usually seen by the general public, we can gain valuable insights into the hard work and dedication that go into creating an unforgettable opera experience. Furthermore, by learning about the different roles of workers in the opera house and the importance of attention to detail, we can appreciate the intricacies of the opera industry even more. Finally, by understanding the impact of technology on the opera industry, we can see how advancements have improved the overall experience of the audience.


text: Benjamin Bratt has earned a fairly impressive net worth over the course of his career as a TV and movie actor. That is, provided an estimated net worth of approximately $7.5 million dollars counts as "impressive." Bratt's most famous role is arguably that of Detective Rey Curtis on the TV procedural Law & Order. On the big screen, his most popular movies include Traffic and Miss Congeniality. He also can be heard performing voice work in the popular animated comedy Cloudy With A Chance of Meatballs. In 2009, Bratt was seen in the documentary The People Speak, which utilizes decades, and hopefully his star will continue to rise as more and more people learn of the talent and gifts he has to share. His latest projects include La Mission, Modern Family, Private Practice, and Happily Divorced. He also has two children – a daughter born in 2002, and a son born in 2005.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding Net Worth

Introduction:
Net worth is the value of everything an individual owns minus all debts they owe. It is a measure of financial health and can indicate an individual's ability to meet their financial obligations. In this lesson, we will explore the concept of net worth, its calculation, and how it can be used to make informed financial decisions.

Section 1: What is Net Worth?

Topic 1: Definition of Net Worth
- Net worth is the total value of a person's assets and liabilities.
- Assets are things of value that an individual owns, such as money, property, and investments.
- Liabilities are debts or obligations that an individual owes, such as loans, credit card balances, and mortgages.

Topic 2: Importance of Net Worth
- Net worth is an essential measure of financial health because it provides a snapshot of an individual's overall financial situation.
- A high net worth indicates that an individual has significant assets and resources, while a low net worth may indicate financial instability.
- Knowing one's net worth can help individuals make informed financial decisions, such as budgeting, saving, and investing.

Section 2: Calculating Net Worth

Topic 1: Assets and Liabilities
- Assets include cash, investments, real estate, personal property, and other items of value.
- Liabilities include credit card balances, student loans, mortgages, and other debts.

Topic 2: Calculating Net Worth
- To calculate net worth, individuals should add up all their assets and subtract all their liabilities.
- Assets should be listed on a balance sheet, with their current market value.
- Liabilities should also be listed on a balance sheet, with their current balance.
- Once all assets and liabilities have been accounted for, the difference between them is an individual's net worth.

Section 3: Using Net Worth to Make Financial Decisions

Topic 1: Budgeting
- Individuals with a high net worth may need to create a budget to manage their finances effectively.
- A budget helps individuals track their income and expenses, ensuring that they are living within their means.

Topic 2: Saving and Investing
- Individuals with a low net worth may need to focus on saving and building their assets.
- Saving involves setting aside money regularly and avoiding unnecessary expenses.
- Investing involves putting money into assets such as stocks, bonds, and real estate to grow wealth over time.

Conclusion:
Understanding net worth is an essential part of managing one's financial health. By knowing their net worth, individuals can make informed decisions about budgeting, saving, and investing. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, individuals can calculate their net worth and use it as a tool for financial success.

Glossary:
- Asset: A thing of value that an individual owns
- Liability: A debt or obligation that an individual owes
- Net Worth: The total value of an individual's assets minus their liabilities
- Balance Sheet: A financial statement that lists an individual's assets and liabilities
- Budget: A plan for managing income and expenses
- Savings: Money set aside for future use
- Investment: Putting money into an asset to grow wealth over time.


text: Poem of water. Plaza de San Bartolomé. Concéntrico 01. Boamistura. BoaMistura’s work Mírate a través de este poema de agua – installed for four days during the “Concéntrico”, the Architecture and Design Festival of Logroño – is about a forest of triangular base prisms on a grid of hexagons which depending on where you place, it opens to the city giving new views or darkens generating a screen.. Starting with the verse of the Poem 6 by Enrique Cabezón, poet from La Rioja in Spain (Logroño, 1976) which says: “look at yourself through this poem of water.” Decomposed in four parts, one can read only from certain points when walking the installation perimetrically.. Every part of the verse mixes with the others generating different colored and geometrical compositions. Its a piece conceived to push yourself to get in and discover, losing many times the perception of the place where you are in.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Geometry and Architecture

**Overview:** In this lesson, we will explore the relationship between geometry and architecture. We will learn about the basic principles of geometry, such as lines, angles, and shapes, and how they are used in designing buildings and structures. We will also examine the role of geometry in creating visual interest and beauty in architecture.

**Objectives:** By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

- Define key terms related to geometry and architecture
- Identify examples of geometric shapes in architecture
- Explain how geometry is used in the design process of buildings and structures
- Apply geometric principles to create their own architectural designs

**Section 1: Introduction to Geometry**

Geometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with points, lines, angles, and shapes. It is used in many fields, including architecture, engineering, and art. In architecture, geometry plays a crucial role in designing buildings and structures that are functional, aesthetically pleasing, and safe.

**Section 2: Geometry in Architecture**

There are many examples of geometric shapes in architecture. Some common ones include circles, squares, triangles, and rectangles. Architects use these shapes to create visually interesting and functional buildings. For example, the Parthenon in Greece is a famous building that uses the geometric shape of the pentagon to create a beautiful and stable structure.

**Section 3: Using Geometry in Design**

Architects use geometry to design buildings and structures that meet the needs of the people who will use them. They consider factors such as the number of rooms, the size of the building, and the type of materials used. Geometry is also used to create visual interest and beauty in architecture. For example, the facade of a building might be designed with a pattern of triangles or circles to make it more interesting and attractive.

**Section 4: Practical Examples**

Let's look at an example of how geometry is used in architecture. Imagine you are designing a house. You need to decide on the shape of the roof. A common shape is a rectangle, which is a type of quadrilateral. You could also choose a triangle, which is another type of polygon. The choice of shape will affect the overall look of the house and how much it costs to build.

**Section 5: Conclusion**

In conclusion, geometry plays a significant role in architecture. From designing the shape of a roof to creating visually interesting facades, architects use geometry to create functional and beautiful buildings. By understanding the principles of geometry, we can appreciate the art and science behind architecture.


text: Discover how Chemycal PRO helps you boosting your regulatory monitoring:. Title - COMMISSION DELEGATED DIRECTIVE (EU) .../… amending, for the purposes of adapting to scientific and technical progress, Annex IV to Directive 2011/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards an exemption for the use of cadmium in certain radiation tolerant video camera tubes. Commission Delegated Act for specific exemption from restrictions of hazardous substances (RoHS). Directive 2011/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2011 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment Text with EEA relevance. Policy Area: Environment - ENV. Status - Planned. Q3 2018. Adoption. Commission delegated directive. Access the latest version of the delegated act text. Click here. 2013 © MyChemicalMonitoring. ALL Rights Reserved. About Us | Terms and Conditions

textbook:
Lesson: Regulatory Monitoring and Compliance for Electrical and Electronic Equipment
Introduction:
Regulatory monitoring and compliance are essential for ensuring that electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) is safe and environmentally friendly. In this lesson, we will learn about the EU's RoHS Directive, which restricts the use of hazardous substances in EEE, and how Chemycal PRO can help you monitor and ensure compliance with this directive.
Section 1: Understanding the RoHS Directive
The RoHS Directive is a European Union (EU) law that restricts the use of certain hazardous substances in EEE. The substances covered by the directive include lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The objective of the directive is to protect human health and the environment by reducing the risks associated with these substances.
Section 2: How Chemycal PRO Can Help
Chemycal PRO is a software tool that helps companies monitor and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements such as the RoHS Directive. It provides a comprehensive database of substances and materials, as well as tools for calculating the concentration of hazardous substances in products.
Section 3: Practical Examples
Let's consider a hypothetical example of a company that manufactures electronic toys. The company wants to ensure that its products comply with the RoHS Directive. Using Chemycal PRO, the company can:
- Search for the substances covered by the directive, such as lead and cadmium.
- Enter the part numbers or materials used in the product to check their compliance with the directive.
- Generate reports on the concentration of hazardous substances in the product.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Chemycal PRO is a valuable tool for companies that want to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements such as the RoHS Directive. By providing a comprehensive database of substances and materials, as well as tools for calculating the concentration of hazardous substances in products, Chemycal PRO can help companies avoid costly mistakes and ensure that their products are safe and environmentally friendly.
Glossary:
- RoHS Directive: A European Union (EU) law that restricts the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment.
- Hazardous substances: Substances that are toxic, carcinogenic, or otherwise harmful to human health or the environment.
- Electrical and electronic equipment (EEE): Any equipment that is designed to operate on an electrical circuit and has an intended use that is dependent on electrical or electronic means.
- Chemycal PRO: A software tool that helps companies monitor and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements such as the RoHS Directive.


textbook:
Lesson: Writing a Film Review

Introduction:
A film review is a critical analysis of a movie that provides information about the film's strengths and weaknesses. In this lesson, we will learn how to write a film review by analyzing a sample review of a movie.

Section 1: Understanding the Review

The review we will analyze is of a movie called "The Sleepover Bandits." Let's read the review and identify the key points the writer makes about the film.

Review: Despite a plot as old as the hills and a title that pitches for outlaw nostalgia, this is a reasonable hybrid, a character-led comic ramble along the highways and byways of genre - buddy pic, heist film, romance and road movie. Add light media satire and, with Levinson's emphasis on performance and dialogue, you have a higher-end studio project, albeit overlong and uneven, with a residue of indie spirit. It opens kinetically enough as Joe Blake (Willis), a hardman with a penchant for perusing Zen texts, breaks out of jail on a cement lorry with neurotic fellow con Terry Collins (Thornton). The two soon earn the moniker of 'the sleepover bandits' for their relaxed kidnappings of bank managers the night before a job. Along the road they pick up Kate Wheeler (Blanchett) and there ensues the inevitable falling in and out of love and trouble. This kind of picture would be dead in the saddle, if it weren't for enjoyable playing and some sprightly lines here.

Key Points:
- The reviewer praises the film's unique blend of genres, including buddy pic, heist film, romance, and road movie.
- The reviewer also appreciates the light media satire and the emphasis on performance and dialogue.
- However, the reviewer notes that the film is overlong and uneven.
- The reviewer enjoys the opening scene and the characters of Joe Blake and Terry Collins.
- The reviewer acknowledges that the film has some funny lines.

Section 2: Analyzing the Review

Now that we understand the key points of the review, let's break down the review into its components.

Title: The reviewer uses a punny title that references the film's title and the idea of sleeping over.

Introduction: The reviewer sets up the review by stating that despite a clichéd plot, the film is still a reasonable hybrid of different genres.

Body: The reviewer provides specific examples of what works in the film, such as the opening scene and the characters of Joe Blake and Terry Collins. The reviewer also mentions the light media satire and the emphasis on performance and dialogue. However, the reviewer notes that the film is overlong and uneven.

Conclusion: The reviewer summarizes their opinion by stating that the film is enjoyable despite its flaws.

Section 3: Writing Your Own Review

Now that we have analyzed a sample review, let's try writing our own review of a movie.

Choose a movie you have recently watched and provide a brief summary of the plot. Next, identify the key strengths and weaknesses of the film. Finally, write a concise conclusion that summarizes your overall opinion of the film.

Glossary:
- Hybrid: A thing made by combining parts from different sources
- Clichéd: Overused or predictable
- Emphasis: Stressing a particular point
- Residue: A remaining amount of something
- Indie: Independent
- Penchant: A strong liking or preference
- Satire: The use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize the faults or vices of society or individual behavior.
- Kinetically: In a way that involves motion or movement
- Overlong: Too long or drawn-out
- Uneven: Not consistent or regular in quality or character
- Sprightly: Lively or spirited
- Enjoyable: Pleasant or enjoyable to experience
- Dead in the saddle: Unable to perform well or meet expectations

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to write a film review by analyzing a sample review of a movie. We learned about the key components of a review, such as the title, introduction, body, and conclusion. We also learned about important film terms and how to use them in a review. Finally, we practiced writing our own review of a movie. By following these steps, we can write informative and engaging reviews that help others make informed decisions about which movies to watch.


text: JBS focus on health and safety in all our working environments, for all employees and individuals affected by our works.. We achieve this by:-. – Implementation of advice and procedures as advised by our independent Safety Supervisors. – Continual review of health & safety management and performance.. – Promotion of a strong health & safety ethic.. – Compliance with all applicable environmental laws and regulations.. – Internal auditing.. – Employment of registered First Aiders.. - – Closely monitoring our Trade Waste Removal sector and ensuring cooperation with the Environmental Agency.. It is important that you are familiar with the correct information and obtain the right advice. If you would like further information, or you have a concern you would like to raise, please contact us.

textbook:
Lesson: Health and Safety in the Workplace
Introduction:
Health and safety in the workplace is an essential aspect of any job. It is crucial to ensure that employees are safe while performing their duties. This lesson will discuss the importance of health and safety in the workplace, the measures that can be taken to ensure employee safety, and the consequences of not adhering to health and safety guidelines.
Section 1: Importance of Health and Safety in the Workplace
Health and safety in the workplace is essential for several reasons. First, it helps to prevent accidents and injuries that could result in long-term disability or even death. Second, it helps to create a safe working environment, which boosts employee morale and productivity. Finally, it helps to reduce costs associated with workplace accidents, such as medical bills and lost time.
Section 2: Measures to Ensure Employee Safety
There are several measures that can be taken to ensure employee safety in the workplace. These include:
- Implementation of advice and procedures as advised by our independent Safety Supervisors.
- Continual review of health & safety management and performance.
- Promotion of a strong health & safety ethic.
- Compliance with all applicable environmental laws and regulations.
- Internal auditing.
- Employment of registered First Aiders.
Section 3: Consequences of Not Adhering to Health and Safety Guidelines
Not adhering to health and safety guidelines can have severe consequences. These include:
- Fines and penalties imposed by regulatory bodies.
- Lawsuits filed by injured employees or their families.
- Damage to the company's reputation.
- Reduced productivity due to employee absenteeism or reduced morale.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, health and safety in the workplace is crucial for ensuring employee safety and reducing costs associated with workplace accidents. By implementing measures such as continuous review of health & safety management and promotion of a strong health & safety ethic, companies can create a safe working environment. Failure to adhere to health and safety guidelines can have severe consequences, including fines, lawsuits, and damage to the company's reputation. By applying the concepts learned in this lesson, employees can help to create a safe and healthy working environment.
Glossary:
- Health and Safety: A set of practices and procedures that aim to protect workers from injury and illness.
- Independent Safety Supervisor: A person who is responsible for overseeing health and safety in the workplace.
- Environmental Agency: A government agency responsible for regulating environmental matters.
- Trade Waste Removal: The process of removing waste generated by business activities.
- First Aider: A person trained to provide emergency medical care.


text:
Small business rates relief

Reduce your Business Rates bill by up to 100 per cent.

The Government announced in the budget on the 16th March 2016 that from 2017-18, Small Business Rate Relief will permanently double from 50% to 100%. The £6,000 and £12,000 thresholds will increase to £12,000 and £15,000 respectively. Therefore, those with rateable values below £12,000 that meet the eligibility criteria will receive 100% relief and those with rateable values between £12,000 and £15,000 will receive tapered relief.The threshold for the standard business rates multiplier will also increase from £18,000 to a rateable value of £51,000. Please note, these changes are only effective from 1st April 2017.

Current Scheme

Small Business Rates Relief came in to effect on 1 April 2005 and is a national discount scheme administered by the council on behalf of the Government. It is awarded on a sliding scale depending on the size of the Rateable Value (RV) of your business property. Please note, Small Business Rates Relief is only available for occupied properties.

The maximum discount is 100% for properties with rateable values of £12,000 and below. This means that qualifying businesses may have nothing to pay depending on your Rateable Value (RV). For properties with an RV between £12,000 and £15,000 the relief is tapered.

Qualifying properties with rateable values from £15,001 to £51,000 have their Business Rates automatically calculated using the lower multiplier.

Criteria for relief

Small Business Rates Relief is available to ratepayers who occupy either:

one property with a rateable value of £15,000 or less or

one main property and other additional properties providing the additional properties each have a rateable value of £2,899 or less and the total rateable value of all your properties is £19,999 or less.

Please Note - with effect from 14 February 2014 if a business takes on an additional property which would normally have meant the loss of small business rate relief, they will be allowed to keep the relief on their existing property for a period of 12 months providing the ratepayer`s occupation of the additional property started on a date after they occupied the main property.

If you are receiving small business rate relief then you must tell us if you occupy a new property anywhere in England or if there is an increase in the rateable value of any properties which you occupy that are outside Doncaster.

Applications may currently be backdated to the 1st April 2010 providing all the above criteria are met.

For a reduction to be awarded as far back as 1st April 2010 an application must be made within 6 months of the end of the current rating list to which it relates (i.e. by 30 September 2017 for all applications after 1 April 2010) or within six months of a change to the Non Domestic Rating List whichever is the later.

From the 1st October 2017, any entitlement to Small Business Rate Relief will only be backdated to whichever is the later of 1st April 2012 or a maximum of 6 years from the date of entitlement.

textbook:
Lesson: Small Business Rates Relief

Introduction:
Small Business Rates Relief is a government scheme that helps small businesses pay their business rates. In this lesson, we will learn about the current scheme, how it works, and who is eligible for it. We will also explore the changes that were made to the scheme in 2017 and how they affect businesses.

Current Scheme:
Small Business Rates Relief came into effect on 1 April 2005. It is a national discount scheme administered by local councils on behalf of the government. The scheme is awarded on a sliding scale depending on the size of the rateable value (RV) of a business property. The rateable value is the value that is used to calculate the business rates bill.

Eligibility:
To be eligible for Small Business Rates Relief, a business must occupy a property with a rateable value of £12,000 or less. If the rateable value is between £12,000 and £15,000, the business may still be eligible for relief, but the amount of relief will be reduced.

Changes in 2017:
In the budget on 16 March 2016, the government announced that from 2017-18, Small Business Rate Relief would permanently double from 50% to 100%. This means that eligible businesses with rateable values below £12,000 will receive 100% relief, while those with rateable values between £12,000 and £15,000 will receive tapered relief. The threshold for the standard business rates multiplier also increased from £18,000 to a rateable value of £51,000.

How it Works:
Small Business Rates Relief is calculated as a percentage of the business rates bill. The percentage varies depending on the rateable value of the property:

- For properties with a rateable value of £6,000 or less, the relief is 100%.
- For properties with a rateable value between £6,001 and £12,000, the relief is tapered, meaning it decreases as the rateable value increases.
- For properties with a rateable value between £12,001 and £15,000, the relief is still available, but it is cash-limited, meaning the maximum relief is £1,000.

Example:
Let's say a business has a rateable value of £10,000. The business rates bill is £3,000. The business is eligible for Small Business Rates Relief because its rateable value is between £12,000 and £15,000. The relief is tapered, so the business will receive 50% relief on the first £6,000 of its rateable value (£3,000) and 50% on the remaining £4,000 (£2,000). The business will pay £500 in business rates.

Conclusion:
Small Business Rates Relief is an important scheme that helps small businesses save money on their business rates. Understanding how the scheme works and who is eligible for it can help businesses take advantage of the relief and potentially save thousands of pounds in business rates.


text:
Impact Analysis of Covid-19 The complete version of the Report will include the impact of the COVID-19, and anticipated change on the future outlook of the industry, by taking into the account the political, economic, social, and technological parameters. Request Sample

Ethylene– Insights

Ethylene is the lightest olefinic hydrocarbon or organic hydrocarbon is the basic raw material generally derived from various hydrocarbons which are largely used in the manufacturing of polymers such as fibers, polymer plastics and other organic chemicals. Naphtha and ethane are the major feedstocks used to produce ethylene globally. The other feedstocks used in manufacturing ethylene are butane, propane, coal, methanol to olefins (MTO) and gas oil.

Naphtha feedstock segment dominated the ethylene market in 2016. Naphtha is the largest feedstock used in the Asia-Pacific, and Western Europe regions. Ethane is the dominant feedstock used in North America, and Middle East regions. The production cost of ethylene is comparatively low with ethane as a feedstock compared to naphtha. In North America, the boom in exploiting shale gas reserves has led in producing low cost ethane gas, hence lowering the production cost of ethylene to 60% as compared to naphtha as a feedstock. Saudi Arabia being one of the largest producer of oil and gas in Middle East region is able to produce ethylene in just approximately US$ 50 per metric ton with ethane as a feedstock. Moreover, the regions such as Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and North America are also using coal, propane, butane and MTO as a feedstock to produce ethylene at a low cost on comparing with naphtha. Currently, North America and Middle East are the dominant regions for consuming propane and butane as a feedstock for producing ethylene in much lower cost than naphtha. Furthermore, the boom in exploiting shale gas reserves for the production of ethane in North America has led to a lot of capacity expansions in ethylene plants. Also, China which is the largest coal consuming country in developing energy has started using coal as a feedstock to produce ethylene from its coal to olefins (CTO) and methanol to olefins (MTO) plants; This has lowered the cost of producing ethylene at a much higher rate in the country, which in turn has led to lot of capacity expansions of ethylene in China. Hence, the feedstock cost trends are largely driving consumption growth between geographic regions. The growing consumption of ethane, propane, butane and coal for the low cost of production of ethylene is the major factor for the robust growth in the ethylene market during the forecast period.

Ethylene is the raw material which is used in the manufacture of various derivatives such as polyethylene, ethylene oxide, ethylene dichloride and other derivatives, namely, ethyl benzene, vinyl acetate, alpha olefins, etc. Polyethylene is estimated to be the largest derivative segment and has accounted for over 60% in the global ethylene market. Polyethylene is widely used in the manufacturing of various key derivatives, namely, high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX), and many more. These derivatives are largely used in food & non-food packaging, shrink & elastic films, extruded pipes, and molding applications. Hence, the growing polyethylene market in developing regions such as Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East regions is making polyethylene as the largest derivative segment in the ethylene market.

The global Ethylene market was valued at US$ 107.65 billion and 146.6 million metric tons in 2016 and is expected to expand at a CAGR of 8.7% in terms of revenue and 5.3% in terms of volume during 2017 – 2025.

Figure 1. Global Ethylene Market, By Derivative

Source: Coherent Market Insights Analysis (2016)

Ethylene oxide segment is expected to be the fastest growing derivative in the ethylene market

Among derivative, ethylene oxide segment is expected to be the fastest-growing derivative in the ethylene market over the forecast period. In the manufacturing of ethylene glycol, ethylene oxide is used as a raw-material. Various monoethylene glycol (MEG) compounds are used in the manufacturing of polyester fibers for textile applications, PET resins for bottles and polyester film, and in various antifreeze applications. Other derivatives of ethylene oxide include ethoxylates, which is largely used in kitchen cleaners, shampoos, and others, glycol ethers, which is mostly used in fuels, solvents, and others, and ethanolamines, which find its application in personal care products, surfactants, and others.

Regional Insights

Asia Pacific, North America, Middle East and Europe accounted for major share in the global ethylene market both in terms of revenue and volume in 2016 and the trend is estimated to remain the same over the forecast period. In 2016, Asia Pacific held a share of 31.7% in terms of volume. The growing demand for ethylene for the production polyethylene which is largely used in packaging, pipes, and shrinks & elastic films applications. Hence, the growing packaging, plumbing, automobile, and construction end-use industries in Asia Pacific due to growing population, and increased urbanization and commercial sector is expected to drive the growth of the global ethylene market over the forecast period. For instance, as per statistics released by India Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF)—a Trust established by the Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India—the Indian government plans to invest US$ 376.53 billion in infrastructure development over the following three years. Furthermore, the capacity additions in China, and India is leading to the key growth driver for ethylene market in Asia-Pacific region over the following years. During 2015-2020, the ethylene capacity growth is projected to increase at 45% in China, 10% in India, and 5% in South East Asia. In 2017, the lot of capacity expansions is scheduled by various companies, namely, Jiangsu Sailboat (China - 320 thousand tons per year), KPIC (Korea - 330 thousand tons per year), Shenhua Ningmei (China - 430 thousand tons per year), Changzhou Fund (China - 130 thousand tons per year), Zhongtian Hechuang No2 (China - 300 thousand tons per year), Reliance Jamnagar (India – 1,365 thousand tons per year), CNOOC Shell (China - 1000 thousand tons per year), Lotte Titan (Malaysia – 92 thousand tons per year), and Shaanxi Yanchang (China - 300 thousand tons per year).

Multinational players

Major players in the global ethylene market includes Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC), Exxon Mobil Corporation, The Dow Chemical Company, Royal Dutch Shell plc, China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (Sinopec Corporation), Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC, Total S.A., LyondellBasell Industries, National Petrochemical Company (NPC), and INEOS Group AG.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Ethylene

Ethylene is an organic hydrocarbon that is widely used in the manufacturing of polymers such as fibers, polymer plastics, and other organic chemicals. It is the basic raw material for many industries, and understanding its production and properties is essential for those interested in pursuing careers in chemistry, materials science, or engineering.

In this lesson, we will explore the following topics:

1. What is ethylene?
2. How is ethylene produced?
3. What are the applications of ethylene?
4. How does the production cost of ethylene affect its use in different regions?

### Section 1: What is ethylene?

Ethylene is an organic compound with the molecular formula C2H4. It is a colorless gas at room temperature and is highly flammable. Ethylene is the simplest alkene, meaning it has a carbon-carbon double bond. It is a valuable commodity chemical and is primarily used to make polyethylene, which is the most common plastic in the world.

### Section 2: How is ethylene produced?

There are several methods for producing ethylene, but the most common method is through steam cracking of large hydrocarbons such as naphtha or ethane. This process involves heating the hydrocarbon to very high temperatures in the presence of steam, causing it to break down into smaller molecules. The ethylene produced can then be separated from the other products and used in various industrial applications.

### Section 3: What are the applications of ethylene?

Ethylene is primarily used to produce polyethylene, which is used to make products such as plastic bags, containers, and pipes. It is also used in the production of other chemicals such as ethylene oxide, which is used to make detergents, antifreeze, and other chemicals. Additionally, ethylene is used as a feedstock in the production of other chemicals such as styrene, which is used to make polystyrene and other plastics.

### Section 4: How does the production cost of ethylene affect its use in different regions?

The production cost of ethylene varies depending on the feedstock used and the region in which it is produced. In general, ethylene produced from ethane is less expensive than ethylene produced from naphtha. This is because ethane is more readily available and cheaper in regions such as North America, where there is an abundance of shale gas reserves. In contrast, naphtha is more commonly used in Asia-Pacific and Western Europe due to its relative affordability in these regions.

## Conclusion

Understanding the production and applications of ethylene is essential for anyone interested in pursuing a career in chemistry, materials science, or engineering. By exploring the different methods of ethylene production and its various applications, we can gain a deeper understanding of this important compound and its role in industry.


text:
Dipolar assisted rotational resonance NMR of tryptophan and tyrosine in rhodopsin.
Two dimensional (2D) solid-state (13)C.(13)C dipolar recoupling experiments are performed on a series of model compounds and on the visual pigment rhodopsin to establish the most effective method for long range distance measurements in reconstituted membrane proteins. The effects of uniform labeling, inhomogeneous B(1) fields, relaxation and dipolar truncation on cross peak intensity are investigated through NMR measurements of simple amino acid and peptide model compounds. We first show that dipolar assisted rotational resonance (DARR) is more effective than RFDR in recoupling long-range dipolar interactions in these model systems. We then use DARR to establish (13)C-(13)C correlations in rhodopsin. In rhodopsin containing 4'-(13)C-Tyr and 8,19-(13)C retinal, we observe two distinct tyrosine-to-retinal correlations in the DARR spectrum. The most intense cross peak arises from a correlation between Tyr268 and the retinal 19-(13)CH(3), which are 4.8 A apart in the rhodopsin crystal structure. A second cross peak arises from a correlation between Tyr191 and the retinal 19-(13)CH(3), which are 5.5 A apart in the crystal structure. These data demonstrate that long range (13)C em leader (13)C correlations can be obtained in non-crystalline integral membrane proteins reconstituted into lipid membranes containing less than 150 nmoles of protein. In rhodopsin containing 2-(13)C Gly121 and U-(13)C Trp265, we do not observe a Trp-Gly cross peak in the DARR spectrum despite their close proximity (3.6 A) in the crystal structure. Based on model compounds, the absence of a (13)C em leader (13)C cross peak is due to loss of intensity in the diagonal Trp resonances rather than to dipolar truncation.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy

Overview:
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the structure, dynamics, and interactions of molecules. In this lesson, we will introduce the basic principles of NMR spectroscopy, its applications in chemistry, and the steps involved in analyzing an NMR spectrum.

Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

1. Define NMR spectroscopy and explain its importance in chemistry.
2. Describe the principles behind NMR spectroscopy, including the behavior of nuclei in a magnetic field, resonance frequencies, and chemical shifts.
3. Analyze an NMR spectrum and identify the functional groups present in a molecule.
4. Understand the steps involved in acquiring and analyzing an NMR spectrum.
5. Apply their knowledge of NMR spectroscopy to solve problems related to molecular structure and interactions.

Section 1: Introduction to NMR Spectroscopy

Topic 1: What is NMR Spectroscopy?
- Definition: NMR spectroscopy is a technique used to study the structure and properties of molecules by measuring the interaction between atomic nuclei and an external magnetic field.
- Importance: NMR spectroscopy is widely used in chemistry, biology, and materials science to determine the structure and dynamics of molecules, identify unknown compounds, and study molecular interactions.

Topic 2: Principles of NMR Spectroscopy
- Behavior of nuclei in a magnetic field: When placed in a strong magnetic field, certain atomic nuclei (such as 1H, 13C, and 15N) align with the magnetic field due to their magnetic moments. These nuclei can be excited to higher energy levels by applying a radiofrequency pulse, causing them to absorb and emit electromagnetic radiation at specific frequencies.
- Resonance frequencies: The frequency at which a nucleus absorbs or emits radiation is called its resonance frequency. This frequency depends on the strength of the magnetic field and the properties of the nucleus, such as its magnetic moment and spin.
- Chemical shifts: The resonance frequency of a nucleus also depends on its chemical environment, which affects the shielding or deshielding of its magnetic moment. This results in a small variation in resonance frequency, known as the chemical shift, which can be used to distinguish between different functional groups in a molecule.

Section 2: Analyzing an NMR Spectrum

Topic 3: Reading an NMR Spectrum
- An NMR spectrum is a plot of the absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation by atomic nuclei as a function of frequency or wavelength. It consists of a series of peaks, each corresponding to a specific nucleus in the sample.
- The position of a peak in the spectrum (chemical shift) provides information about the chemical environment of the nucleus, while the area under the peak (integrated intensity) indicates the relative abundance of the nucleus in the sample.
- The splitting of peaks (multiplicity) reveals information about the connectivity of atoms in the molecule.

Topic 4: Identifying Functional Groups
- By analyzing the chemical shifts, multiplicities, and integrations of peaks in an NMR spectrum, it is possible to identify the presence of different functional groups in a molecule.
- For example, the presence of an alcohol group can be deduced from the characteristic chemical shift of the 1H nucleus, while the presence of an aromatic ring can be inferred from the downfield shift of the 13C nucleus.

Section 3: Steps Involved in Acquiring and Analyzing an NMR Spectrum

Topic 5: Acquiring an NMR Spectrum
- To obtain an NMR spectrum, the sample is placed in a strong magnetic field, and a series of radiofrequency pulses are applied to excite the nuclei. The absorbed and emitted radiation is then detected and processed to produce the final spectrum.
- The choice of pulse sequence, magnetic field strength, and detector settings depend on the type of nuclei being studied and the desired resolution and sensitivity of the spectrum.

Topic 6: Analyzing an NMR Spectrum
- Once the spectrum has been acquired, it must be processed and analyzed using specialized software to extract useful information about the molecular structure and interactions.
- This involves tasks such as baseline correction, phase and amplitude analysis, and peak fitting, which help to resolve overlapping peaks and quantify the relative intensities of different nuclei in the sample.

Section 4: Applications of NMR Spectroscopy

Topic 7: Applications of NMR Spectroscopy
- Structure elucidation: NMR spectroscopy is widely used to determine the structure of organic and inorganic compounds, including natural products, pharmaceuticals, and polymers.
- Reaction monitoring: NMR spectroscopy can be used to monitor chemical reactions in real-time, providing insights into reaction mechanisms and kinetics.
- Study of molecular interactions: NMR spectroscopy can be employed to study the binding of ligands to enzymes or receptors, the folding and assembly of proteins, and the formation of supramolecular structures.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have introduced the principles of NMR spectroscopy, its applications in chemistry, and the steps involved in analyzing an NMR spectrum. By understanding these concepts, students will be well-equipped to apply NMR spectroscopy to solve problems related to molecular structure and interactions.

Glossary:
- NMR Spectroscopy: A technique used to study the structure and properties of molecules by measuring the interaction between atomic nuclei and an external magnetic field.
- Resonance Frequency: The frequency at which a nucleus absorbs or emits radiation.
- Chemical Shift: A small variation in resonance frequency caused by the chemical environment of a nucleus.
- Integrated Intensity: A measure of the relative abundance of a nucleus in a sample.
- Multiplicity: A measure of the splitting of peaks in an NMR spectrum, indicating the connectivity of atoms in a molecule.


text:
Silent Ghungroos

Silent Ghungroos is a 2006 Indian documentary film directed by Gauri Warudi. The film is about Tamasha, the folk musical theatre of Maharashtra, and traces its origins to the Peshwa era. Tamasha has been the source of entertainment and amusement for the rural Marathi audience for more than a century. It was made by a Pune-based journalist turned documentary film maker.

Production
The film was shot in various places in Maharashtra, especially Narayangaon, where Tamasha originated, and two Tamasha festivals were shot there.

Made in digital format, using PD 150, a very basic digital movie camera, the film has English narration and dubbing for a mass appeal. Marathi and Hindi versions have also been made for different audiences.

Reception
Silent Ghungroos won the IDPA-Nautanki.tv Online Award in 2007, for the best documentary film.

Screenings
Silent Ghungroos was screened at several film festivals internationally and domestic, viz
 Koodu Women Director’S Film Festival, Madurai, India
 Golden Gate Film Festival, San Francisco, Usa
 Cape Town Bollywood Film Festival, South Africa.

Also screened at independent events in India:
Patrakar Bhavan, Pune, Pu. La Deshpande Film Fest, Pune, Idpa-Nautanki.Tv Online Competition, Itc—Hyderabad and Centre For Films And Drama, Bangalore

References

External links

 Silent Ghungroos, Online

Category:Indian documentary films
Category:Indian films
Category:2000s documentary films
Category:2006 films
Category:Documentary films about theatre
Category:Culture of Maharashtra
Category:Films about musical theatre

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Documentary Filmmaking

Introduction
This lesson will introduce students to the basics of documentary filmmaking. We will cover the following topics:

- What is a documentary?
- What are the different types of documentaries?
- How do you make a documentary?
- What equipment do you need to make a documentary?

What is a documentary?
A documentary is a type of film that tells a story or presents information about a particular subject. It is usually based on real events and people, and is intended to be informative and educational.

What are the different types of documentaries?
There are several types of documentaries, including:

- Expository: This type of documentary provides information about a particular subject.
- Observational: This type of documentary observes and records events without interfering with them.
- Participatory: This type of documentary involves the filmmaker interacting with the subjects of the film.
- Reflexive: This type of documentary is about the filmmaking process itself.

How do you make a documentary?
Making a documentary involves several steps, including:

- Researching the subject matter
- Developing a storyboard
- Shooting the footage
- Editing the footage
- Adding music and sound effects
- Adding narration or voiceovers

What equipment do you need to make a documentary?
To make a documentary, you will need several pieces of equipment, including:

- A camera: This can be a digital camera or a video camera.
- Microphones: You will need at least one microphone to record sound.
- Lighting equipment: This includes lights, reflectors, and gels.
- Tripods and stabilizers: These are used to keep the camera steady while shooting.
- Editing software: This allows you to edit the footage and add effects.

Conclusion
In this lesson, we have learned about the basics of documentary filmmaking. We have covered what a documentary is, the different types of documentaries, and the steps involved in making a documentary. We have also discussed the equipment needed to make a documentary. By understanding these concepts, students can begin to create their own documentaries and tell their own stories.


text: Mr. Speaker, it almost seems as if the minister is acting at arm's-length from his own job. He has to admit that cuts to government departments are responsible for this.. Reports tabled in Parliament yesterday revealed that CRA is understaffed by 642 full-time positions compared to planned levels; so perhaps it is little surprise that it dramatically missed its target for full-scale investigations for prosecution. When will the minister admit that his cuts are ruining our ability to crack down on tax evaders?

textbook:
Lesson: How to Analyze a Political Speech

Introduction:
Political speeches are an essential part of democracy, where politicians express their views and opinions on various issues affecting society. In this lesson, we will learn how to analyze a political speech by focusing on the speaker's tone, language, and arguments.

Section 1: Understanding the Speech

Topic 1: Tone
- What is the speaker's tone? Is it aggressive, persuasive, or neutral?
- How does the tone change throughout the speech? Does it become more emotional or logical?
- What words does the speaker use to convey their message? Are they positive or negative?

Topic 2: Language
- Does the speaker use technical terms or jargon? Are they easy to understand?
- Are there any metaphors or analogies used to make the speech more engaging?
- Does the speaker use repetition to emphasize certain points?

Topic 3: Arguments
- What is the main argument of the speech?
- Are there any supporting arguments? Are they convincing?
- Does the speaker address counterarguments or opposing views?

Section 2: Analyzing the Speech

Questions:
- What is the speaker's objective?
- Who is the target audience?
- How does the speech fit into the larger political context?

Discussion:
- Analyze the speaker's tone and language to determine their attitude towards the issue.
- Identify the main argument and supporting arguments to understand the speaker's position.
- Evaluate the effectiveness of the speech by considering the target audience and political context.

Section 3: Applying the Skills

Exercise: Find a political speech online and analyze it using the skills learned in this lesson.

Glossary:
- Tone: The attitude or mood expressed in a piece of writing or speech.
- Jargon: Specialized terminology used in a particular field.
- Metaphor: A figure of speech that compares two unlike things.
- Repetition: The use of a word or phrase multiple times to emphasize a point.

Conclusion:
By analyzing a political speech, we can better understand the speaker's message and how it relates to the larger political context. This skill is essential for critical thinking and evaluating information in a democratic society.


text: Emergency Service. Alpha Hospital has one of the best 24-hour emergency services in Pune. The emergency centre is well-equipped with advanced technologies manned by a team of highly trained nurses and physicians. Our team works around the clock to ensure the emergency department leaves no stone unturned while treating patients in a critical condition. Identifying the need for world-class emergency services in Pune, Alpha Hospital pledges to offer the best medical services for a range of acute cases.. We also provide the best ambulance services and on-site critical care while the patient is being transported to the hospital. Every ambulance has the presence of a highly experienced doctor to enhance the survival rate of patients who require immediate medical aid.. The ambulance is equipped with modern medical systems such as:. - Defibrillators. - Monitors. - Ventilators. - Oxygen supply. Conditions we treat at the emergency department:. - Trauma. - Surgical. - Medical. - Paediatric emergencies

textbook:
Lesson: Emergency Services
Introduction:
Emergency services are essential in providing quick response to individuals who require urgent medical attention. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of emergency services, their role in healthcare, and the equipment used in ambulances.
Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is to understand the importance of emergency services in healthcare and how they work to save lives.
Section 1: Importance of Emergency Services
Topic 1: Role of Emergency Services in Healthcare
- Emergency services play a crucial role in healthcare by providing immediate medical attention to individuals who require it.
- They are responsible for stabilizing patients before they are transferred to the hospital for further treatment.
- Emergency services also help to reduce the mortality rate among patients who require immediate medical attention.
Topic 2: Types of Emergencies
- Trauma: This refers to injuries caused by external forces such as accidents or physical violence.
- Surgical: This refers to emergencies that require surgical intervention, such as appendicitis or a ruptured ectopic pregnancy.
- Medical: This refers to emergencies that require immediate medical attention due to a sudden change in a patient's health condition.
- Paediatric emergency: This refers to emergencies involving children who require immediate medical attention.
Section 2: Equipment Used in Ambulances
Topic 1: Defibrillators
- Defibrillators are devices used to shock the heart back into its normal rhythm in case of a cardiac arrest.
- They are essential in saving lives as they restore the normal heartbeat of a patient who has collapsed due to a heart problem.
Topic 2: Monitors
- Monitors are devices used to measure vital signs such as blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen levels.
- They help to determine the severity of a patient's condition and guide the medical team on the appropriate treatment plan.
Topic 3: Ventilators
- Ventilators are machines used to assist patients with breathing problems.
- They are essential in providing oxygen to patients who have difficulty breathing, such as those with pneumonia or asthma.
Topic 4: Oxygen Supply
- Oxygen is an essential gas that helps to maintain life.
- It is used to treat patients with respiratory problems such as pneumonia or emphysema.
Section 3: Self-Debating Discussion
Topic 1: Why are emergency services essential in healthcare?
- Emergency services are essential in healthcare because they provide immediate medical attention to individuals who require it.
- They help to stabilize patients before they are transferred to the hospital for further treatment.
- Emergency services also help to reduce the mortality rate among patients who require immediate medical attention.
Topic 2: How does the equipment used in ambulances help to save lives?
- Defibrillators are essential in restoring the normal heartbeat of a patient who has collapsed due to a heart problem.
- Monitors help to determine the severity of a patient's condition and guide the medical team on the appropriate treatment plan.
- Ventilators are essential in providing oxygen to patients who have difficulty breathing, such as those with pneumonia or asthma.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, emergency services play a crucial role in healthcare by providing immediate medical attention to individuals who require it. They are responsible for stabilizing patients before they are transferred to the hospital for further treatment. The equipment used in ambulances, such as defibrillators, monitors, ventilators, and oxygen supply, are essential in saving lives. By understanding the importance of emergency services and the equipment used in ambulances, we can appreciate their role in healthcare and how they work to save lives.
Glossary:
- Defibrillator: A device used to shock the heart back into its normal rhythm in case of a cardiac arrest.
- Monitor: A device used to measure vital signs such as blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen levels.
- Ventilator: A machine used to assist patients with breathing problems.
- Oxygen supply: An essential gas that helps to maintain life and is used to treat patients with respiratory problems.