text: Allan Coukell, The Pew Charitable Trusts’ senior health programs director, says the U.S. should consider how other countries keep their drug prices in check and apply a new method at home.. Coukell cited the cost of a one-months supply of adalimumab, a rheumatoid arthritis treatment. While a patient would pay roughly $2,670 for the drug in the U.S., the same treatment would cost $1,360 in the U.K. and only $820 in Switzerland.. “That’s because while drug prices in the United States have continued to rise, with insurance companies and public programs such as Medicare and Medicaid struggling to rein in the cost, their counterparts in Europe and elsewhere have used a variety of payment and coverage policies to more effectively manage their drug spending,” Coukell writes in an opinion piece on The Hill.. Click here to read Coukell’s full write up on The Hill.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Compare Drug Prices Across Countries

Introduction:
Drug prices vary across countries due to differences in healthcare systems, regulatory frameworks, and pricing strategies. In this lesson, we will learn how to compare drug prices across countries and understand the factors that influence them.

Section 1: Understanding Drug Prices
- Drug prices are influenced by the cost of research and development, production, marketing, and distribution.
- Countries with socialized healthcare systems, such as the U.K., negotiate drug prices with manufacturers, while the U.S. allows manufacturers to set their own prices.
- Some countries use a reference pricing system, where the price of a drug is based on the price of similar drugs in other countries.

Section 2: Comparing Drug Prices
- To compare drug prices across countries, we need to consider the currency exchange rate, taxes, and subsidies.
- We can use online tools to compare drug prices across countries and identify discrepancies.
- We should also consider the cost of living and income levels in each country to ensure a fair comparison.

Section 3: Analyzing Factors That Influence Drug Prices
- The cost of research and development is often higher in the U.S. due to the high cost of clinical trials and regulatory approval processes.
- Countries with socialized healthcare systems have more bargaining power when negotiating drug prices with manufacturers.
- Some countries may have lower tax rates or subsidies for certain drugs, which can reduce their overall cost.

Section 4: Real-World Examples
- Adalimumab, a rheumatoid arthritis treatment, costs $2,670 for a one-month supply in the U.S., compared to $1,360 in the U.K. and $820 in Switzerland.
- The U.S. has higher drug prices than many other countries due to its unique pricing system and lack of price controls.

Conclusion:
By understanding the factors that influence drug prices and comparing them across countries, we can make informed decisions about our healthcare choices. We can also advocate for policies that promote affordable and accessible healthcare for all.


text: Rose Gold: it's your choice. Mix and match gems and precious metals for a look that's exactly you. Gemvara uses only the highest quality materials to craft your Hanukkah Gift Ideas: Rose Gold Green Amethyst Antique-Inspired.Warm 14-karat rose gold owes its lovely color to additional copper mixed in with a minimum of 58.3% pure gold. Its glowing pink color flatters skin tones.Our wide selection of Hanukkah Gift Ideas: Rose Gold Green Amethyst Antique-Inspired Jewelry by talented designers means you can find jewelry that's exactly your style. You can also shop by style, choosing our Mothers, Classic, or Claddagh Collections. Gemvara's fine quality Hanukkah Gift Ideas: Rose Gold Green Amethyst Antique-Inspired Jewelry is designed to be passed down for generations to come, crafted by hand in the United States.. We can help right away. Chat with a jewelry expert now!

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Rose Gold Jewelry

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of rose gold jewelry, its history, composition, and styles.

**Grade Level:** Primary through High School

**Section 1: Introduction to Rose Gold Jewelry**

**Topic A: What is Rose Gold?**

Rose gold is a type of gold that has a reddish or pinkish hue. It is created by adding copper to gold, which gives it its distinct color. The more copper added to the gold, the stronger the pink color will be.

**Topic B: History of Rose Gold**

Rose gold was first created in Russia in the early 19th century. It became popular in the United States during the Art Nouveau movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Today, rose gold is a popular choice for jewelry and other decorative items.

**Topic C: Types of Rose Gold**

There are different types of rose gold, including:

1. Pink gold: This type of rose gold contains the least amount of copper, resulting in a very pale pink color.
2. Red gold: This type of rose gold contains more copper than pink gold, resulting in a stronger reddish color.
3. White gold: This type of rose gold contains more silver and zinc, resulting in a lighter pink color.

**Section 2: Composition of Rose Gold**

**Topic A: Composition of Rose Gold**

Rose gold is made by adding copper to gold. The amount of copper added determines the strength of the pink color. For example, 18-karat rose gold contains 75% gold and 25% copper.

**Topic B: Benefits of Rose Gold**

Rose gold is a popular choice for jewelry because of its unique color and durability. It is also hypoallergenic, making it a good choice for people with sensitive skin.

**Section 3: Styles of Rose Gold Jewelry**

**Topic A: Popular Styles**

1. Engagement and wedding rings
2. Earrings
3. Bracelets
4. Necklaces
5. Rings
6. Pendants

**Topic B: Designer Brands**

Some popular designer brands that create rose gold jewelry include Tiffany & Co., Cartier, and David Yurman.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

Rose gold jewelry is a beautiful and timeless option for any occasion. By understanding its history, composition, and styles, you can make an informed decision about whether rose gold jewelry is right for you. Whether you prefer classic or modern designs, there is sure to be a piece of rose gold jewelry that fits your personal style.

**Glossary:**

- Gold: A precious metal that is often used in jewelry.
- Copper: A metal that is commonly added to gold to create rose gold.
- Karat: A unit of measurement used to describe the purity of gold.
- Hypoallergenic: A material that is unlikely to cause an allergic reaction.

**Self-Debate Discussion:**

Should I choose rose gold or yellow gold for my next piece of jewelry?

Arguments for rose gold:
- I like the unique pink color of rose gold.
- Rose gold is hypoallergenic, which is important for me.
- Rose gold is a timeless option that will never go out of style.

Arguments for yellow gold:
- Yellow gold is a classic choice that has been popular for centuries.
- Yellow gold is often associated with luxury and sophistication.
- I prefer the warm tone of yellow gold over the cool tone of rose gold.


text:
Let the facts from Mueller's investigation exonerate or prove wrongdoing by President Trump Escalating attacks on the rule of law concern Sen. John McCain - and they should concern you, too, regardless of your politics.

Grant Woods | Opinion contributor

Show Caption Hide Caption One-year into Mueller probe: Here's what we know On the anniversary of Robert Mueller taking over the investigation into possible Russian collusion in the 2016 election, AP Reporter Eric Tucker reflects on the case: who has been questioned, who has been charged and what is yet to come. (May 17)

Sen. John McCain's moving call for a renewal of public civility embodies leadership that keeps faith not just with American ideals, but with American institutions.

He has set a lifelong example as a statesman who can disagree with his colleagues but revere the Senate, a senator who can oppose the foreign policy of a president and keep faith with the men and women of the military.

McCain has fought for our institutions because he knows that America endures because of our institutions. The Constitution, separation of powers, an independent justice system and the rule of law have always been principles, in McCain’s words, “worth the fighting.”

Today, these principles are under attack and sustaining damage that may last generations.

It's dangerous to call a legal system 'corrupt'

Over the past months, President Trump has repeatedly called special counsel Robert Mueller’s investigation a “witch hunt,” denigrated the Department of Justice and ridiculed the FBI. He and his surrogates have smeared elements of our justice system as “dishonest,” “corrupt,” and “rigged.” They have likened FBI agents to Nazi stormtroopers.

More: Robert Mueller's Trump-Russia investigation is a year old. Too soon to 'wrap it up.'

More: John McCain has the right to plan his own funeral and nobody else has to like it

If these attacks on our legal system continue unabated, the consequences will be catastrophic.

All Americans should support the rule of law and the ability of critical institutions — including the special counsel, the Department of Justice, and the FBI — to proceed without politicization.

No matter who you voted for, the escalating attacks on the rule of law should concern you, because the justice system in America relies on the faith of all of us.

McCain stood up for his ideals

It’s not surprising that McCain has stood up to forces seeking to erode confidence in the things that safeguard our liberty. But more leaders need to follow his lead, and more action must be taken.

More: Suspend Robert Mueller's politically tainted investigation into Russia-Trump collusion

POLICING THE USA: A look at race, justice, media

We must always be a “nation of laws, not men.” That’s an ideal that separates the United States from countries led by dictators and despots. It’s an ideal that brings thousands of foreign judges, attorneys, and prosecutors to the United States every year to study and marvel at our incredible system.

It’s all in jeopardy today.

Ronald Reagan said “freedom is always one generation away from extinction;” so, too is public faith in our cherished institutions. It’s not automatic, we have to protect it with all our might.

No one — not even the president — is above the law, and the special counsel investigation must be allowed to proceed without political interference.

Let Robert Mueller finish the job that he is unquestionably qualified to do. Let the facts exonerate or prove wrongdoing, but don’t let political interference turn us into the kind of country where the rule of law can be dismissed.

We all are responsible to stand up for our institutions and ideals, and we will all be measured by whether we did so in America’s time of testing. We are living one of those moments. Insist that our elected representatives speak out and take action to prevent unalterable damage.

Congress should pass a bipartisan bill to protect the special counsel’s investigation from political interference, and the Arizona congressional delegation should support it. We owe that much to McCain and the country he has served so well.

Grant Woods is a former Arizona attorney general. This column originally appeared in The Arizona Republic. Follow him on Twitter: @GrantWoods.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson Title: The Rule of Law

Introduction:

The rule of law is a fundamental principle of democracy. It means that everyone, including government officials, must obey the law. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of the rule of law, how it applies to our daily lives, and why it is essential for maintaining a just society.

Section 1: What is the Rule of Law?

The rule of law is a legal principle that holds that no one is above the law, including government officials and institutions. It ensures that every person, regardless of their social status or political influence, is subject to the same legal standards and receives fair and impartial treatment under the law.

Section 2: Why is the Rule of Law Important?

The rule of law is crucial for maintaining a just society because it provides a framework for resolving disputes peacefully and fairly. It protects citizens from arbitrary use of power, corruption, and other forms of injustice. The rule of law also ensures that individuals have access to justice, regardless of their social or economic status.

Section 3: How does the Rule of Law apply to our Daily Lives?

The rule of law affects our daily lives in many ways. For example, it ensures that we have a fair and transparent legal system that protects our rights and freedoms. It also guarantees that we have access to justice when we need it, whether we are victims of crime or involved in a civil dispute. Additionally, the rule of law helps to maintain social order and stability by preventing abuses of power and corruption.

Section 4: Examples of the Rule of Law in Action

The rule of law is put into practice every day in many ways. For instance, when a police officer pulls over a driver who has broken a traffic law, they are enforcing the rule of law. Similarly, when a judge rules on a case in a court of law, they are applying the principles of the rule of law. Additionally, the rule of law is upheld when government officials are held accountable for their actions and are subject to the same legal standards as ordinary citizens.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the rule of law is a fundamental principle of democracy that ensures fairness, justice, and equality before the law. It is essential for maintaining a just society and protecting individual rights and freedoms. By understanding the importance of the rule of law and how it applies to our daily lives, we can contribute to building a stronger, more just society.

Glossary:

- Rule of Law: A legal principle that holds that no one is above the law, including government officials and institutions.
- Democracy: A form of government in which power is held by the people, either directly or through elected representatives.
- Justice System: The system by which legal disputes are resolved in a fair and impartial manner.
- Social Status: A person's position in society, often determined by their wealth, power, or influence.
- Political Influence: The ability to influence or control political decisions or events.
- Arbitrary Use of Power: The use of power without regard for the rights or needs of others.
- Corruption: Dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically for personal gain.
- Civil Dispute: A disagreement between two or more parties that does not involve criminal behavior.
- Access to Justice: The ability to obtain a fair and impartial legal resolution when one's rights or freedoms have been violated.


text:
                    FOR PUBLICATION                   FILED
             UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS           MAY 22 2019
                                                   MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
                                                    U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                 FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE      No.   16-15588
GLAZING HEALTH AND WELFARE
TRUST; BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE   D.C. No.
SOUTHERN NEVADA GLAZIERS AND      2:15-cv-01754-KJD-VCF
FABRICATORS PENSION TRUST FUND;   District of Nevada,
BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE          Las Vegas
PLUMBERS AND PIPEFITTERS UNION
LOCAL 525 PENSION PLAN; THE       ORDER
BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE
PAINTERS, GLAZIERS AND
FLOORCOVERERS JOINT
APPRENTICESHIP AND JOURNEYMAN
TRAINING TRUST; THE BOARD OF
TRUSTEES OF THE PAINTERS,
GLAZIERS AND FLOORCOVERERS
SAFETY TRAINING TRUST FUND; THE
BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE
PAINTERS AND FLOORCOVERERS
JOINT COMMITTEE; THE BOARD OF
TRUSTEES OF THE SOUTHERN
NEVADA PAINTERS AND
DECORATORS AND GLAZIERS
LABOR-MANAGEMENT
COOPERATION COMMITTEE TRUST;
THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE
INTERNATIONAL UNION OF
PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES
INDUSTRY PENSION FUND; THE
BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE
EMPLOYEE PAINTERS' TRUST; THE
BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY AND
LABORERS HEALTH AND WELFARE
TRUST; THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF
THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY AND
LABORERS JOINT PENSION TRUST;
THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY AND
LABORERS VACATION TRUST; THE
BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF SOUTHERN
NEVADA LABORERS LOCAL 872
TRAINING TRUST; BOARD OF
TRUSTEES OF THE PLUMBERS AND
PIPEFITTERS LOCAL 525 HEALTH AND
WELFARE TRUST AND PLAN; BOARD
OF TRUSTEES OF THE PLUMBERS
AND PIPEFITTERS UNION LOCAL 525
PENSION PLAN; BOARD OF TRUSTEES
OF PLUMBERS AND PIPEFITTERS
LOCAL UNION 525 APPRENTICE AND
JOURNEYMAN TRAINING TRUST FOR
SOUTHERN NEVADA,

                Plaintiffs-Appellees,

 v.

SHANNON CHAMBERS, Nevada Labor
Commissioner, in her official capacity,

                Defendant-Appellant.

THOMAS, Chief Judge:

      Upon the vote of a majority of nonrecused active judges, it is ordered that

this case be reheard en banc pursuant to Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 35(a)

and Circuit Rule 35-3. The three-judge panel disposition in this case shall not be

cited as precedent by or to any court of the Ninth Circuit.

                                          2

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand Legal Documents

Introduction:
Legal documents are an essential part of our society, but they can be difficult to understand. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and interpret legal documents, such as court opinions, statutes, and contracts. We will cover the following topics:

1. Understanding the structure of legal documents
2. Reading and interpreting legal language
3. Identifying key terms and concepts
4. Applying legal principles to real-world scenarios

Section 1: Understanding the Structure of Legal Documents

Legal documents have a specific structure that can help us understand their content. Here are some common features of legal documents:

- Headings: Legal documents often use headings to organize information. These headings can indicate the main points of the document or provide context for specific sections.
- Citations: Legal documents rely heavily on citations to support arguments and interpret laws. Citations typically include the name of the case or statute, the volume number, the page number, and the date of publication.
- Parties: Legal documents often involve multiple parties, such as plaintiffs and defendants. These parties are listed at the beginning of the document, along with their attorneys.
- Opinions: Court opinions typically include a majority opinion, a concurring opinion, and a dissenting opinion. These opinions explain the reasoning behind the court's decision and may provide additional insights into the law.

Section 2: Reading and Interpreting Legal Language

Legal language can be complex and difficult to understand. Here are some tips for reading and interpreting legal documents:

- Use context clues: Legal language often uses specific words and phrases that have special meanings. Use the surrounding text to determine the meaning of these terms.
- Look up unfamiliar words: If you come across a word you don't know, look it up in a legal dictionary or online resource.
- Pay attention to punctuation: Punctuation marks, such as commas and semicolons, can indicate pauses or breaks in meaning.
- Be aware of legal jargon: Legal documents often use technical terms and abbreviations. Familiarize yourself with common terms and ask for clarification if necessary.

Section 3: Identifying Key Terms and Concepts

Once you have a basic understanding of legal language, you can start identifying key terms and concepts in legal documents. Here are some strategies for finding important information:

- Skim for main ideas: Start by skimming the document to get a sense of its overall structure and content. Look for headings, bolded text, and other indicators of main ideas.
- Look for definitions: Legal documents may include definitions of key terms. These definitions can help you understand the meaning of technical language.
- Watch for legal principles: Legal documents often rely on specific legal principles or precedents. Identify these principles and consider how they may apply to the facts of the case.

Section 4: Applying Legal Principles to Real-World Scenarios

Now that you have a foundation in legal language and interpretation, you can apply these skills to real-world scenarios. Here are some examples of how to apply legal principles:

- Analyze statutes: Statutes are laws passed by legislative bodies. To interpret a statute, start by reading the plain language of the text. Then, consider any relevant case law or regulatory interpretations.
- Evaluate contracts: Contracts are agreements between two or more parties. To evaluate a contract, read it carefully and identify any ambiguous or unclear language. Consider the intent of the parties and any relevant legal principles.
- Interpret court opinions: Court opinions provide guidance on how to interpret laws and apply them to specific cases. To interpret an opinion, consider the reasoning behind the court's decision and how it may apply to future cases.

Glossary:
- Case: A legal proceeding before a court.
- Citations: References to legal authorities used to support arguments or interpret laws.
- Parties: The individuals or entities involved in a legal proceeding.
- Precedent: A prior decision of a court that serves as a guide for deciding subsequent cases.

Conclusion:
Understanding legal documents is an essential skill for anyone who wants to engage with the legal system. By following the strategies outlined in this lesson, you can become a more effective reader and interpreter of legal language. Remember to always approach legal documents with an open mind and a willingness to learn.


text: AIS BUSINESS, the corporate solutions arm of Advanced Info Service (AIS), provides a full range of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) services and solutions to corporate customers. Our vision and policy is to become trusted ICT and digital service provider with mobility, network, data center & cloud, IoT/M2M, and managed services for Large Enterprises, SMEs, and Public Organizations.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to ICT and Its Applications

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology. It refers to all technologies that facilitate the creation, storage, retrieval, and transmission of information and communication. These technologies include computers, smartphones, televisions, radios, and satellite systems. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of ICT and its applications in various industries.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
One of the most common applications of ICT is in the field of telecommunications. Telecommunications involves the transmission of data or voice over a distance using electrical signals or other physical phenomena. For example, when you make a phone call, your voice is converted into an electrical signal and transmitted over a network of cables or wireless signals to the person you are calling. This process is made possible by ICT technologies such as routers, switches, and modems.

Another application of ICT is in the field of computing. Computing involves the use of algorithms and software to solve problems and perform tasks. For example, when you use a computer to write a document, you are using ICT to create and store information. Similarly, when you use a program like Microsoft Excel to analyze data, you are using ICT to perform calculations and make decisions based on that data.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
ICT has many real-world applications, including in healthcare, education, and finance. For example, hospitals use ICT to store and share patient records, which helps doctors and nurses provide better care. Schools use ICT to create online learning platforms that allow students to access course materials and interact with teachers from anywhere in the world. Financial institutions use ICT to process transactions and manage risk.

## Glossary
- ICT: Information and Communication Technology
- Telecommunications: The transmission of data or voice over a distance using electrical signals or other physical phenomena
- Computing: The use of algorithms and software to solve problems and perform tasks
- Algorithm: A set of instructions for solving a problem or performing a task
- Software: Programs and other operating information used by a computer
- Hardware: Physical components of a computer system, such as the motherboard, processor, and memory
- Network: A group of interconnected devices
- Internet: A global network of networks that allows computers to communicate and exchange information
- World Wide Web (WWW): A collection of documents, images, videos, and other multimedia resources, accessed via the internet

## Conclusion
In conclusion, ICT is a powerful tool that has revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate. By understanding the basics of ICT and its applications, we can harness its power to solve complex problems and improve our lives in countless ways.


text: Hi,. This is my first blog. I have made websites and hand-coded them. This blog is a whole other ballgame. I can tell it is going to take me some time to get things the way I want them. I hope to be able to post my old tutorials here (which are old school) and start to write new tuts. My old school tuts can be found here. Please do not use any of the images that come with the downloads. I am working on making them copyright compliant, since they were written many years ago. Thank you for understanding. Although I am not a designer of scrap kits, that is something I hope to be able to do. I am a proud member of Taggers Inn it is a wonderful forum. I highly recommend it for anyone who is a tagger, or not. I am also a member of Creative Misfits, another great forum for you to check out. Ok that is all for now. I am going to do some exploring and learn by trial and error how to get this blog up and running.. Gentle Huggzz All, Marie

textbook:
Lesson: Blogging for Beginners

Introduction:
Blogging is a great way to share your thoughts, ideas, and experiences with others. It is a form of online journaling that allows you to express yourself and connect with people from all over the world. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of blogging and provide you with the tools you need to start your own blog.

Section 1: What is Blogging?
Blogging is a type of website where people can create and publish their own content. Bloggers can write about anything they want, including personal experiences, opinions, news, and advice. Blogs can be personal or professional, and they can be used for a variety of purposes, such as marketing, networking, or simply sharing information.

Section 2: How to Start a Blog
To start a blog, you will need a platform to publish your content. There are several blogging platforms available, such as WordPress, Blogger, and Wix. These platforms allow you to create and design your blog, and they provide tools for publishing and managing your content.

Once you have chosen a platform, you will need to choose a domain name and hosting service. Your domain name is the address of your blog, and your hosting service is where your blog is stored. You can choose to purchase your own domain name and hosting, or you can use a free blogging platform that provides these services for you.

Next, you will need to design your blog. Most blogging platforms provide templates and customization options to help you create a unique and visually appealing blog. You can also hire a web designer to create a custom design for you.

Section 3: Creating Content
The most important part of blogging is creating content. Your content should be engaging, informative, and relevant to your audience. You can write about anything you want, but it should be something that you are passionate about and knowledgeable about.

When creating content, you should use a variety of formats, such as text, images, videos, and infographics. You should also use keywords and meta descriptions to optimize your content for search engines.

Section 4: Publishing and Promoting Your Blog
Once you have created your content, you can publish it on your blog. You can schedule your posts to be published at a later date and time, or you can publish them immediately.

To promote your blog, you can share your content on social media platforms, such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. You can also participate in online communities and forums related to your niche to increase your visibility.

Glossary:
- Blogging platform: A website that provides tools for creating and managing a blog.
- Domain name: The address of your blog, such as www.yourblogname.com.
- Hosting service: A service that stores your blog and makes it accessible to others.
- Keywords: Words or phrases that describe the content of your blog.
- Meta description: A brief summary of your blog post that appears in search engine results.

Conclusion:
Blogging is a fun and rewarding hobby that can help you connect with others and share your passion. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can start your own blog and begin sharing your voice with the world.


text: Ncyber - Online Cybersecurity Assessment Tool. Ncyber is a secure online system that provides the FFIEC Cybersecurity Assessment Tool in an easy to utilize format to help financial institutions analyze their inherent risk and cybersecurity maturity levels. Ncyber integrates with the other solution sets provided by Ncontracts to improve inefficiencies and accuracy of the assessment.. With Ncyber, any financial institution can collaborate internally to assess their risk and access robust reporting.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Cybersecurity

## Section 1: What is Cybersecurity?
Cybersecurity refers to the practice of protecting digital devices, networks, and sensitive information from unauthorized access or attack. It is essential for businesses and individuals alike to safeguard their data and systems from cyber threats such as hacking, malware, and phishing attacks.

## Section 2: Why is Cybersecurity Important?
Cybersecurity is crucial because it helps to prevent the loss of valuable information, financial loss, and damage to an organization's reputation. Without proper security measures in place, sensitive data can be stolen or compromised, leading to legal and financial penalties. Additionally, weak cybersecurity can result in downtime and lost productivity for businesses.

## Section 3: How can I stay safe online?
To stay safe online, follow these best practices:
1. Use strong and unique passwords for each account
2. Keep your software and antivirus programs up to date
3. Be cautious when clicking on links or downloading attachments
4. Use a VPN to encrypt your internet connection
5. Avoid using public Wi-Fi networks without encryption
6. Regularly back up your important files
7. Be wary of phishing emails and messages

## Glossary:
- Cybersecurity: The practice of protecting digital devices, networks, and sensitive information from unauthorized access or attack.
- Hacking: The act of breaking into a computer system or network to gain unauthorized access or steal information.
- Malware: Malicious software designed to harm or disrupt digital devices and networks.
- Phishing: A type of social engineering attack where an attacker poses as a trustworthy entity to trick individuals into divulging sensitive information.

## Conclusion:
In today's digital age, cybersecurity is more important than ever. By following the best practices outlined above and staying informed about the latest threats, you can help protect yourself and your organization from cyber attacks.


text:
Basic cardiac electrophysiology and mechanisms of antiarrhythmic agents.
Basic cardiac electrophysiology and how it applies to antiarrhythmic drug therapy are reviewed. Normal impulse propagation through the heart proceeds in sequence from the sinoatrial (SA) node, through the atrial specialized conducting system, the atrioventricular (AV) node, the His-Pur-kinje system, and into the ventricles. The cardiac cell maintains a resting membrane potential until an electrical stimulus depolarizes the cell and generates an action potential. The action potential is composed of five phases that represent the changing ionic fluxes and membrane potentials of the cardiac cell. The heart contains two types of cardiac conducting fibers. The fast- and slow-current action potentials generated by these fiber types exhibit distinctly different electrophysiologic properties. Cardiac arrhythmias generally result from an abnormality in the rate, rhythm, or conduction of an electrical impulse in the heart. They may be described as disturbances in normal impulse initiation (automaticity), impulse conduction, or both. Various portions of the conduction system are under the control of the autonomic nervous system, which depends on the balance between the activity of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. Intracellular and extracellular concentrations of potassium, calcium, and magnesium have important effects on the electrophysiology of the heart. These changes can be critical in the production of various arrhythmias or may affect the efficacy or toxicity of various antiarrhythmic agents. The electrophysiology of quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide, lidocaine, tocainide, phenytoin, flecainide, amiodarone, and bretylium tosylate is discussed to detail the relationship between drug action and antiarrhythmic efficacy. The electrophysiologic effects of beta-blocking agents and calcium-channel antagonists are also presented. This basic primer on cardiac electrophysiology should provide the practitioner with an improved understanding of the effects, indications, and limitations of antiarrhythmic drugs.

textbook:
Lesson 1: Introduction to Cardiac Electrophysiology

**Objective:** To understand the basics of cardiac electrophysiology and its relevance to antiarrhythmic drug therapy.

**Content:**

1. Introduction
    - Definition of cardiac electrophysiology
    - Importance of understanding cardiac electrophysiology in antiarrhythmic drug therapy

2. Normal Impulse Propagation
    - Sequence of impulse propagation through the heart
    - Components of an action potential
    - Types of cardiac conducting fibers

3. Abnormal Impulse Propagation
    - Types of cardiac arrhythmias
    - Causes of arrhythmias
    - Description of abnormal impulse initiation, conduction, or both

4. Antiarrhythmic Drugs
    - Classes of antiarrhythmic drugs
    - Mechanism of action of antiarrhythmic drugs
    - Indications for antiarrhythmic drug therapy

5. Conclusion
    - Summary of key concepts
    - Importance of understanding cardiac electrophysiology in antiarrhythmic drug therapy

**Glossary:**

- Cardiac electrophysiology: The study of the electrical activity of the heart
- Action potential: A change in the membrane potential of a cardiac cell in response to a stimulus
- Automaticity: The ability of a cell to initiate an action potential spontaneously
- Conduction: The process by which an electrical impulse travels through the heart
- Antiarrhythmic drugs: Medications used to treat abnormal heart rhythms

**Self-Debate Discussion:**

- How does the study of cardiac electrophysiology help in understanding the mechanism of action of antiarrhythmic drugs?
- What are the common causes of cardiac arrhythmias?
- How do antiarrhythmic drugs work to restore normal heart rhythm?

**Conclusion:**

Understanding the basic principles of cardiac electrophysiology is essential for comprehending the mechanisms of action of antiarrhythmic drugs. By studying the normal and abnormal impulse propagation through the heart, we can appreciate the importance of targeting specific components of the conduction system to restore normal heart rhythm. This knowledge can be applied to the selection and administration of appropriate antiarrhythmic medications for patients with arrhythmias.


text: So here is the exact question:. Given a set S of n integers and another integer Z, determine whether or not there exist two elements x, y in S whose sum is exactly Z. Give an algorithm for this problem that runs in O(n) average-case time.. Im rather confused on how to approach this problem, because of the average case limitation. Solving it in O(n^2) is simple, but i feel like a different method entirely is needed to solve this.... My first inclination was something involving counting sort or a randomized partition sort (because that is what we have recently been covering in class). Can anyone point me in the right direction/explain this problem to me?. Edit: I now know im supposed to use a data structure we've recently gone over, either a hash table or a binary search tree. Still the average case complexity is getting me... any help?. Thanks for the help in advance!

textbook:
Lesson: How to Solve the Sum Problem in Linear Time

Introduction:
The Sum Problem is a classic problem in computer science where given a set of integers and an integer Z, we need to determine whether there exist two elements x, y in S whose sum is exactly Z. In this lesson, we will learn how to solve this problem in linear time using a hash table or a binary search tree.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is that by using a hash table or a binary search tree, we can solve the Sum Problem in linear time on average.

Lesson:
1. Algorithm:
   a. Create an empty hash table H.
   b. Iterate through the set S and add each element to the hash table H.
   c. If the hash table H contains an entry with value Z, return True. Otherwise, return False.

2. Time Complexity:
   a. The time complexity of this algorithm is O(n) because we iterate through the set S once and perform constant time operations on average.

3. Space Complexity:
   a. The space complexity of this algorithm is O(n) because we store the set S in the hash table H.

4. Practical Examples:
   a. Let's say we have a set S = {1, 2, 3} and we want to find if there exists a pair of elements whose sum is 5. By using the hash table algorithm, we can iterate through the set S and check if the value 5 is present in the hash table. Since 5 is not present, we return False.

5. Real-World Scenarios:
   a. This problem has many real-world applications such as in databases where we need to find if there exists a pair of elements whose sum is equal to a given value.

6. Conclusion:
   a. We have learned how to solve the Sum Problem in linear time using a hash table or a binary search tree. By using these data structures, we can efficiently solve this problem and apply the skills gained from this topic to new problems.

Glossary:
- Hash Table: A data structure that stores key-value pairs and allows for fast lookups.
- Binary Search Tree: A binary tree where the value of each node is greater than or equal to the values in its left subtree and less than the values in its right subtree.

7. Self-Debate Discussion:
   a. What are some other ways to solve the Sum Problem in linear time?
   b. How does the space complexity change if we use a binary search tree instead of a hash table?


text: asked some questions. So today it was time to practice and shear our. own sheep. Robert helped to hold them. It wasn't as easy as it looked. like the day before.. Only there backsides where shorn. This was most urgent, to keep the. flies away. It looks a little silly; tree sheep with a shorn butt. But it's. for the best and when we have time we'll do the rest.

textbook:
Lesson: Sheep Shearing

**Introduction**

Sheep shearing is an important process in the farming industry. It involves removing the wool from sheep to keep them cool during hot weather and to prevent overgrown wool from causing health issues. In this lesson, we will learn about the process of sheep shearing and its importance in the farming industry.

**Theory**

1. What is sheep shearing?

Sheep shearing is the process of removing the wool from sheep. This is done to keep the sheep cool during hot weather and to prevent overgrown wool from causing health issues.

2. Why is sheep shearing important?

Sheep shearing is important because it helps to maintain the health and wellbeing of the sheep. Overgrown wool can cause health issues such as skin irritation, flystrike, and even death. By removing the wool, farmers can prevent these issues and ensure that their sheep are healthy and comfortable.

3. How often is sheep sheared?

Sheep are usually sheared once a year, typically in the spring or summer. However, some breeds may require more frequent shearing to maintain their health and wellbeing.

4. Who performs sheep shearing?

Sheep shearing is typically performed by trained professionals known as shearers. These individuals have specialized knowledge and skills in the process of sheep shearing.

5. What tools are used in sheep shearing?

There are several tools used in sheep shearing, including shears, clippers, and combs. These tools are designed to quickly and efficiently remove the wool from the sheep.

**Practice**

1. What is the process of sheep shearing?

The process of sheep shearing involves several steps, including:

- Preparation: The sheep are gathered into a pen or race and sorted by size and fleece quality.
- Washing: The sheep are sprayed with water to clean them and make it easier to handle their wool.
- Shearing: The sheep are held in place while the shearer uses shears or clippers to remove the wool.
- Catching: The wool is caught in a bag or container to prevent it from being scattered around the shearing shed.
- Pressing: The wool is pressed to remove any remaining moisture and to prepare it for sorting and grading.

2. What are some common problems that can occur during sheep shearing?

Some common problems that can occur during sheep shearing include:

- Cuts or nicks: These can happen if the shearer is not careful when using the shears or clippers.
- Scald: This can occur if the sheep are not properly dried after washing, which can lead to skin irritation and infection.
- Strain or injury: Sheep can strain or injure themselves when being held for shearing, especially if they are not properly restrained.

**Glossary**

- Sheep: A domesticated mammal that is raised for its meat, milk, and wool.
- Wool: The soft, thick hair that covers the body of sheep.
- Shearer: A person who removes the wool from sheep using specialized tools.
- Clippers: A tool used in sheep shearing that is similar to scissors but is designed to cut the wool rather than the skin.
- Combs: A tool used in sheep shearing that is similar to a hairbrush but is designed to remove the wool from the sheep.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, sheep shearing is an important process in the farming industry that helps to maintain the health and wellbeing of sheep. By understanding the theory and practicing the process, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the importance of sheep shearing and its role in the farming industry.


text: . Mr. John is your source for portable toilets, porta johnnys and deluxe restroom trailers in New Jersey. As you can see from our list of the counties we service in New Jersey, we provide direct portable restroom facilities for the entire State of New Jersey.. If you live or work in New Jersey and would like to a price quote of a portable toilet, restroom trailer or temporary bathroom facilities, click on your New Jersey county below for additional details and our direct sales line.. Click For Portable Toilet Rental Price Quotes For These NJ Counties:. In addition to provide prompt and professional service to New Jersey residential and commercial customers, contact us for all your waste management needs including:. Restaurant Grease Trap Servicing in New Jersey. New Jersey Bulk Waste Removal. Dumpster/Roll-off Container Rentals in NJ

textbook:
Title: Introduction to Portable Toilets and Restroom Trailers

---

# Lesson 1: Introduction to Portable Toilets and Restroom Trailers

In this lesson, we will learn about portable toilets and restroom trailers, their uses, and how they are beneficial. We will also explore the different types of portable toilets and restroom trailers available in the market.

## I. What are Portable Toilets and Restroom Trailers?

Portable toilets and restroom trailers are mobile units that provide temporary relief for people who need to use the bathroom while away from home or work. They are commonly used at construction sites, outdoor events, and other locations where there are no permanent restrooms available.

## II. Types of Portable Toilets and Restroom Trailers

There are several types of portable toilets and restroom trailers available in the market, including:

1. Standard Portable Toilets: These are the most common type of portable toilet and are often used at construction sites, outdoor events, and other locations where there are no permanent restrooms available.

2. Deluxe Restroom Trailers: These are larger and more luxurious than standard portable toilets and often include features such as sinks, mirrors, and air conditioning.

3. Handicap Accessible Portable Toilets: These are designed to be accessible for people with disabilities and include features such as wider doors and grab bars.

4. Portable Showers: These are mobile shower units that provide a convenient way to take a shower while away from home or work.

5. Portable Sinks: These are mobile sinks that provide a convenient way to wash hands while away from home or work.

## III. Benefits of Portable Toilets and Restroom Trailers

Portable toilets and restroom trailers provide several benefits, including:

1. Convenience: Portable toilets and restroom trailers allow people to use the bathroom while away from home or work.

2. Accessibility: Portable toilets and restroom trailers are available for people with disabilities, making them accessible to everyone.

3. Cost-effective: Renting a portable toilet or restroom trailer is often more cost-effective than building a permanent restroom facility.

4. Environmentally friendly: Portable toilets and restroom trailers are often more environmentally friendly than traditional restroom facilities because they do not require plumbing or electricity.

## IV. Conclusion

In conclusion, portable toilets and restroom trailers are beneficial for people who need to use the bathroom while away from home or work. They are available in several types, including standard portable toilets, deluxe restroom trailers, handicap accessible portable toilets, portable showers, and portable sinks. They provide convenience, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness while being environmentally friendly.


text: On Father's Day morning, Jack, Sharon and I went to see Top Gun: Maverick at the Country Club Cinema. We had watched the original 1986 Top Gun on Saturday night.. The sequel stars Tom Cruise as Captain Pete "Maverick" Mitchell reprising his role from the original. It includes Miles Teller, Jennifer Connelly, Jon Hamm, Glen Powell, Lewis Pullman, Ed Harris, and Val Kilmer. I was surprised to see Jon Hamm with such a large role in the movie.. Set 36 years after its predecessor, it follows Maverick's return to the United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program. Cruise trains a group of younger aviators for a suicide mission, among them the son of Maverick's deceased best friend.. Jack and Sharon both really liked the movie. When it was over, Jack said "that was awesome." Sharon liked it a lot more than the original...

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Sequels and Prequels

**Lesson Overview:** In this lesson, we will learn about sequels and prequels in literature. We will explore what they are, how they relate to the original work, and some examples of famous sequels and prequels.

**Lesson Objectives:** By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

1. Define what a sequel and prequel are in literature.
2. Identify the relationship between a sequel or prequel and the original work.
3. Recognize examples of famous sequels and prequels.
4. Analyze the plot, characters, and themes of a sequel or prequel.
5. Apply your knowledge of sequels and prequels to analyze other works of literature.

**Section 1: What are Sequels and Prequels?**

A sequel is a literary work that continues the story of a previously published work, usually by the same author. A prequel, on the other hand, is a literary work that tells the story before the events of the original work. Both sequels and prequels are forms of literary extensions that expand upon the original story.

**Section 2: Relationship with the Original Work**

Sequels and prequels are often connected to the original work in some way. They may continue the story of the original work, provide background information, or even contradict the events of the original work. In order to understand a sequel or prequel, it is helpful to have some knowledge of the original work.

**Section 3: Examples of Sequels and Prequels**

Here are some examples of famous sequels and prequels:

- **Sequel:** "The Empire Strikes Back" (1980) is a sequel to "Star Wars" (1977). It continues the story of Luke Skywalker, Han Solo, and Princess Leia as they fight against the evil Empire.
- **Prequel:** "The Godfather Part II" (1974) is a prequel to "The Godfather" (1972). It tells the story of Vito Corleone, the father of Michael Corleone, and how he became the Godfather.

**Section 4: Analyzing Sequels and Prequels**

When analyzing a sequel or prequel, it is important to consider the plot, characters, and themes of the work. You should also think about how the sequel or prequel relates to the original work. For example, in "The Empire Strikes Back," the characters have grown and changed since the first movie, and the themes of good vs. evil and heroism are further explored.

**Section 5: Applying Knowledge**

Now that you know about sequels and prequels, you can use this knowledge to analyze other works of literature. For example, "Wuthering Heights" by Emily Bronte is a prequel to "Agnes Grey" by Anne Bronte. By understanding the relationship between these two works, you can gain a deeper understanding of both stories.

**Glossary:**

- Sequel: A literary work that continues the story of a previously published work, usually by the same author.
- Prequel: A literary work that tells the story before the events of the original work.
- Plot: The sequence of events that make up a story.
- Characters: The people, animals, or imaginary beings that take part in a story.
- Themes: The underlying ideas, messages, or meanings in a story.

**Conclusion:**

In conclusion, sequels and prequels are important forms of literary extensions that allow readers to continue or explore the stories of their favorite works. By analyzing the plot, characters, and themes of a sequel or prequel, you can gain a deeper understanding of the original work and apply your knowledge to other works of literature.


text: Paul Vriens wrote: > Paul Vriens wrote: >> Drew Ronneberg wrote: >>> >>> >>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------ >>> >>> >> Hi, >> >> Could you change those magic constants? >> >> (defined in winerror.h and winbase.h): >> >> #define ERROR_WAIT_NO_CHILDREN 128 (????) >> >> #define WAIT_FAILED 0xffffffff >> > Oh, and patches should go to wine-patches at winehq.org > Just saw Dmitry's email. Should indeed be STATUS_ABANDONED for 0x80. -- Cheers, Paul.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand Technical Documents

Introduction:
Technical documents are an essential part of our lives, especially in today's world where technology is advancing rapidly. These documents can range from manuals, reports, proposals, and even emails. Reading and understanding technical documents can be challenging for many people, but with the right techniques and strategies, it can become much easier. In this lesson, we will explore some tips on how to read and understand technical documents effectively.

Section 1: Preparation

- Gather all necessary information: Before reading the document, make sure you have all the necessary information about the topic. This includes any background knowledge or context that you may need to fully understand the document.

- Set a goal: Determine what you want to achieve by reading the document. This will help you stay focused and avoid getting overwhelmed by unnecessary details.

- Familiarize yourself with technical jargon: Technical documents often contain specialized language and abbreviations that may be unfamiliar to you. Take time to look up any unfamiliar words or phrases before reading the document.

Section 2: Reading Techniques

- Skim first: When starting to read a technical document, begin by skimming through it quickly to get an overall sense of its structure and content. Look for headings, bolded text, and illustrations that may provide clues to the document's organization and main points.

- Read actively: As you read, pay attention to the content and try to understand it. Make notes or highlight important passages that you want to revisit later.

- Use visual aids: Technical documents often contain diagrams, charts, and other visual aids that can help explain complex concepts. Take the time to study these carefully and try to understand how they relate to the text.

Section 3: Critical Thinking

- Ask questions: As you read, ask yourself questions about the content. This will help you engage with the material and ensure that you understand it fully.

- Evaluate the evidence: Technical documents often present evidence to support their arguments. Evaluate this evidence carefully to determine its validity and reliability.

- Consider alternative explanations: Be open to the possibility that your understanding of the document may be incomplete or incorrect. Consider alternative explanations and continue to evaluate the evidence as you read.

Conclusion:
Reading and understanding technical documents can be challenging, but with the right preparation and techniques, it can become much easier. By setting goals, familiarizing yourself with technical jargon, and actively engaging with the material, you can improve your ability to read and understand technical documents effectively. Remember to ask questions, evaluate evidence, and consider alternative explanations to ensure that you fully understand the content.


text:
(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to novel chalcone derivatives substituted by an alkyl or alkenyl group having a proper number of carbon atoms at the 2- or 4-position of the chalcone skeleton and intermediates for preparing the same, and more particularly novel chalcone delivatives having anti-ulcer effect and gastric mucosa protection effect for the treatment of gastric diseases, and the intermediates for preparing the same.
(2) Related Art
At present H.sub.2 receptor antagonists take the lead of the primary choice drugs for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers because of their high healing rate and rapid remission of diseases. However, in the pharmacotherapy using H.sub.2 receptor antagonists, there are remained serious problems to solve, such as side-effects (e.g., hypergastrinemia) and the relapse of the disease in high frequency after discontinuation of the medication.
In order to solve such problems, beginning with an isoprenylchalcone compound known by the general name of "sofalcone" in U.S. Pat. No. 4,085,135, some carboxyalkoxychalcone derivatives have been disclosed as the compounds having the anti-ulcer effect (e.g., See U.S. Pat. No. 4,656,305). However, there is a need for the development of the protective-type drug having strong anti-ulcer effect which can be a primary choice drug for the treatment of ulcer.
The present inventors have found that the 2'-carboxyalkoxychalcone compounds with an alkyl or alkenyl group having proper numbers of carbon atoms at the 2- or 4-position have more excellent anti-ulcer effect, gastric mocosa protection effect and antisecretory effect than the known carboxyalkoxychalcone derivatives, have added the further research to the finding, and have accompleshed the present invention.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Chemistry - Chalcone Derivatives and Their Applications

#### Section 1: What are Chalcone Derivatives?
Chalcone derivatives are a class of organic compounds that belong to the flavonoid group. They are characterized by a fused dihydrofuran and chromene ring system. Chalcone derivatives have a wide range of applications due to their diverse chemical properties and biological activities.

#### Section 2: Properties of Chalcone Derivatives
Chalcone derivatives exhibit a variety of properties, including:

1. Anti-inflammatory activity
2. Antioxidant activity
3. Antimicrobial activity
4. Anticancer activity
5. Antidiabetic activity
6. Antidepressant activity
7. Anti-ulcer activity

#### Section 3: Preparation of Chalcone Derivatives
Chalcone derivatives can be synthesized through various chemical reactions, including:

1. Coupling reactions
2. Alkylation reactions
3. Acylation reactions
4. Reduction reactions
5. Oxidation reactions

#### Section 4: Synthesis of Chalcone Derivatives
One example of the synthesis of a chalcone derivative is the preparation of 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl alcohol from resorcinol and ethyl acetoacetate.

Resorcinol + Ethyl Acetoacetate -> 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl alcohol + Water

#### Section 5: Applications of Chalcone Derivatives
Chalcone derivatives have a wide range of applications in various fields, including:

1. Pharmaceutical industry: Chalcone derivatives have been used as drug candidates for the treatment of various diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and inflammation.
2. Agriculture: Chalcone derivatives have been used as plant growth regulators and pesticides.
3. Food industry: Chalcone derivatives have been used as natural food colorants and flavor enhancers.

#### Section 6: Conclusion
Chalcone derivatives are a class of organic compounds that exhibit diverse chemical properties and biological activities. They have been widely used in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and food industries due to their potential applications in treating various diseases and improving crop yield. Understanding the synthesis, properties, and applications of chalcone derivatives is crucial for the development of novel drugs and agrochemicals.


text: Currently shipping within the USA. $5 flat rate shipping applies to all orders under $100 (with or without savings coupon). Free shipping applies to all orders that have a subtotal of $100 (without or after savings coupon) or more. $5 flat rate and free shipping does not apply to wholesale accounts. Orders will generally ship by USPS..

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Shipping Costs and Policies

Introduction:
Shipping costs and policies are an essential part of any e-commerce business. As a customer, it's crucial to understand how shipping works so that you can make informed decisions when purchasing items online. In this lesson, we will explore the different aspects of shipping costs and policies, including flat rates, free shipping, and wholesale accounts.

Section 1: Shipping Costs

Topic 1: Flat Rate Shipping
- A flat rate is a fixed price that a shipper charges for a particular type of shipment, regardless of the actual weight or size of the package.
- This means that the cost of shipping will not change, regardless of how much the item weighs or how big it is.
- Flat rate shipping is often used by e-commerce businesses as a way to offer affordable shipping options to their customers.

Topic 2: Free Shipping
- Free shipping is when a shipper covers the cost of shipping an item to a customer.
- This means that the customer does not have to pay anything extra for the shipping of their order.
- Many e-commerce businesses offer free shipping as a way to entice customers to make a purchase.

Section 2: Shipping Policies

Topic 1: Subtotal
- The subtotal refers to the total cost of an order before any taxes, shipping fees, or other charges are added.
- It's an essential part of understanding shipping costs because it helps determine whether or not an order qualifies for free shipping.
- The subtotal is calculated by adding up the prices of all the items in the order, excluding any taxes or discounts.

Topic 2: Wholesale Accounts
- A wholesale account is a type of account that a business may have with a supplier.
- This account allows the business to purchase items at a lower price than they would be able to if they were buying them individually.
- Wholesale accounts are often used by e-commerce businesses to purchase products in bulk and sell them at a profit.

Section 3: Practical Examples

Example 1: If an order subtotal is $99, does it qualify for free shipping?
- Yes, if the order subtotal is $99 or more, it will qualify for free shipping.
- This means that the customer will not have to pay anything extra for the shipping of their order.

Example 2: If an order subtotal is $100, does it qualify for free shipping?
- No, if the order subtotal is $100 or more, it will not qualify for free shipping.
- This means that the customer will have to pay additional shipping fees.

Conclusion:
Understanding shipping costs and policies is essential when making purchases online. By knowing the different types of shipping options, such as flat rate and free shipping, and understanding the role of subtotals and wholesale accounts, customers can make informed decisions about where to shop and what to buy. By applying the skills learned in this lesson, customers can save money on shipping and ensure that they are getting the best deal possible.


text: - This event has passed.. Opportunities in Immersive Storytelling: SIRT VR/AR Industry Event. March 6 @ 9:30 am - 5:00 pm EST. six years. Recognized provincially and nationally for its focus on applied research and commercialization of new products and processes, SIRT’s facilities and expertise provide the basis for a range of activities including research, prototype development, consulting, production and evaluation of demonstration content, and training.. VRTO Director of Communications – Stephanie Greenall – will join a panel top discuss the Toronto VR/Ar ecosystem..

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR)

**Section 1: What is Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality?**

Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) are technologies that allow users to experience digital content in a more immersive way. VR creates an entirely digital environment that users can interact with, while AR overlays digital content onto the real world.

**Section 2: How are VR and AR used?**

VR and AR have many applications across different industries. In education, these technologies can be used to create interactive learning experiences that engage students in new ways. In healthcare, VR and AR can be used to train medical professionals or to help patients recover from injuries. In entertainment, VR and AR can be used to create immersive gaming experiences or to enhance movies and TV shows.

**Section 3: How do VR and AR work?**

VR and AR use a combination of hardware and software to create immersive experiences. For VR, this typically involves a headset that blocks out the real world and displays a digital environment instead. For AR, this typically involves a smartphone or tablet that uses the camera to view the real world and overlays digital content onto it.

**Section 4: Why are VR and AR important?**

VR and AR have the potential to revolutionize many aspects of our lives. They can create new opportunities for education, entertainment, and communication. They can also improve our ability to understand complex information and make better decisions.

**Conclusion:**

In this lesson, we have covered the basics of VR and AR, their applications, and how they work. By understanding these technologies, we can begin to explore their potential and imagine new ways to use them in our daily lives. Whether you are interested in gaming, education, or healthcare, there is something for everyone in the world of VR and AR.


text: led from 1st, made rest, clear before last, kept on strongly. tracked leaders in 3rd, chased winner before 2 out, no impression. led to 1st, with winner until pushed along after 3 out, kept on same pace from next, no impression. held up in rear, soon in touch, headway 3 out, weakened before 2 out. towards rear, reminders from 3 out, soon weakened, tailed off

textbook:
Lesson: Horse Racing Terms and Abbreviations

**Introduction:** In this lesson, we will learn about some common horse racing terms and abbreviations used in the sport. These terms are essential for understanding horse racing and making informed decisions when betting on races.

**Section 1: Terms**

- **A/P**: Also known as "Across the Board," this refers to a type of wager where you bet on a horse to win, place, and show.
- **B/O**: Stands for "Betting Office" or "Betting Shop." This is another term for a bookmaker or a place where you can place a bet on a horse race.
- **BRIS**: This is short for "Bloodstock Research Information Services." It is an organization that provides information about horses, their performances, and their bloodlines.
- **Claiming Race**: A type of race where horses carry different weights based on their claiming price. The lower the claiming price, the higher the weight the horse will carry.
- **D/E**: Stands for "Dead Heat." This occurs when two or more horses cross the finish line at the same time.
- **DNQ**: This means "Did Not Quality" and refers to a horse that did not qualify for a race due to not meeting certain conditions, such as having the required number of workouts.
- **E/W**: Stands for "Each Way." This is a type of wager where you bet on a horse to finish either first or second.
- **FF**: Short for "Fast Finish." This refers to a horse that sprints quickly at the end of a race to gain ground or win.
- **FP**: Stands for "Form Paper." This is a publication that contains information about a horse's past performances, including its record, speed figures, and other data.
- **G/F**: Stands for "Going/Ground." This refers to the condition of the track, which can be described as fast, slow, heavy, or firm.
- **H/C**: Stands for "Handicap/Handicapper." This refers to a type of race where horses carry different weights based on their ability. The better the horse, the more weight it will carry.
- **I/R**: Stands for "Inside/Inside Rail." This refers to the rail that separates the track from the inside lane.
- **J/K**: Stands for "Jockey/Jockeys." These are the riders who guide the horses around the track.
- **KT**: Short for "Keeneland Track." This is a racetrack located in Lexington, Kentucky.
- **L/S**: Stands for "Length/Lengths." This refers to the distance between two horses in a race. For example, a horse that wins by two lengths has beaten the second-place horse by two lengths.
- **M/E**: Stands for "Maiden/Maiden Race." This refers to a race for horses that have never won a race before.
- **N/R**: Stands for "Non-Runner." This refers to a horse that was entered in a race but did not start.
- **O/S**: Stands for "Observation Status." This refers to a horse that is being monitored closely for signs of illness or injury.
- **P/P**: Stands for "Paddock/Paddock." This refers to the area where horses are saddled and prepared for a race.
- **PP**: Stands for "Post Position." This refers to the starting position of a horse in a race.
- **P/U**: Stands for "Pulled Up." This refers to a horse that stopped running during a race and did not finish.
- **Q/T**: Stands for "Quarter/Quarter Mile." This refers to a distance of one quarter of a mile or 402 meters.
- **R/P**: Stands for "Race Program." This refers to the official program for a day's races, which includes information about each race, such as the horses, jockeys, and odds.
- **S/S**: Stands for "Stakes/Stakes Race." This refers to a race with a higher purse than most other races.
- **T/J**: Stands for "Track/Track Condition." This refers to the condition of the track, which can be described as fast, slow, muddy, or firm.
- **T/O**: Stands for "Totalizer/Totalizator." This is a device that calculates and displays the odds of a horse winning a race.
- **U/R**: Stands for "Under/Under Review." This refers to a horse that is being examined by veterinarians to determine if it is healthy enough to race.
- **V/R**: Stands for "Veterinarian/Veterinary." This refers to a medical professional who treats horses.
- **W/P**: Stands for "Win/Place." This is a type of wager where you bet on a horse to win or place (finish second).

**Section 2: Abbreviations**

Here are some common abbreviations used in horse racing:

- **BRIS**: Bloodstock Research Information Services
- **DNQ**: Did Not Quality
- **E/W**: Each Way
- **FF**: Fast Finish
- **FP**: Form Paper
- **G/F**: Going/Ground
- **H/C**: Handicap/Handicapper
- **I/R**: Inside/Inside Rail
- **J/K**: Jockey/Jockeys
- **KT**: Keeneland Track
- **L/S**: Length/Lengths
- **M/E**: Maiden/Maiden Race
- **N/R**: Non-Runner
- **O/S**: Observation Status
- **P/P**: Paddock/Paddock
- **PP**: Post Position
- **P/U**: Pulled Up
- **Q/T**: Quarter/Quarter Mile
- **R/P**: Race Program
- **S/S**: Stakes/Stakes Race
- **T/J**: Track/Track Condition
- **T/O**: Totalizer/Totalizator
- **U/R**: Under/Under Review
- **V/R**: Veterinarian/Veterinary
- **W/P**: Win/Place

**Section 3: Practice Exercises**

1. Match the following abbreviations with their meanings:
- **BRIS**: a. Bloodstock Research Information Services
- **DNQ**: b. Did Not Quality
- **E/W**: c. Each Way
- **FF**: d. Fast Finish
- **FP**: e. Form Paper
- **G/F**: f. Going/Ground
- **H/C**: g. Handicap/Handicapper
- **I/R**: h. Inside/Inside Rail
- **J/K**: i. Jockey/Jockeys
- **KT**: j. Keeneland Track
- **L/S**: k. Length/Lengths
- **M/E**: l. Maiden/Maiden Race
- **N/R**: m. Non-Runner
- **O/S**: n. Observation Status
- **P/P**: o. Paddock/Paddock
- **PP**: p. Post Position
- **P/U**: q. Pulled Up
- **Q/T**: r. Quarter/Quarter Mile
- **R/P**: s. Race Program
- **S/S**: t. Stakes/Stakes Race
- **T/J**: u. Track/Track Condition
- **T/O**: v. Totalizer/Totalizator
- **U/R**: w. Under/Under Review
- **V/R**: x. Veterinarian/Veterinary
- **W/P**: y. Win/Place

2. Match the following terms with their definitions:
- **A/P**: a. Across the Board
- **B/O**: b. Betting Office
- **BRIS**: c. Bloodstock Research Information Services
- **DNQ**: d. Did Not Quality
- **E/W**: e. Each Way
- **FF**: f. Fast Finish
- **FP**: g. Form Paper
- **G/F**: h. Going/Ground
- **H/C**: i. Handicap/Handicapper
- **I/R**: j. Inside/Inside Rail
- **J/K**: k. Jockey/Jockeys
- **KT**: l. Keeneland Track
- **L/S**: m. Length/Lengths
- **M/E**: n. Maiden/Maiden Race
- **N/R**: o. Non-Runner
- **O/S**: p. Observation Status
- **P/P**: q. Paddock/Paddock
- **PP**: r. Post Position
- **P/U**: s. Pulled Up
- **Q/T**: t. Quarter/Quarter Mile
- **R/P**: u. Race Program
- **S/S**: v. Stakes/Stakes Race
- **T/J**: w. Track/Track Condition
- **T/O**: x. Totalizer/Totalizator
- **U/R**: y. Under/Under Review
- **V/R**: z. Veterinarian/Veterinary
- **W/P**: a. Win/Place

**Section 4: Conclusion**

In this lesson, we learned about some common horse racing terms and abbreviations used in the sport. Knowing these terms and abbreviations can help you understand horse racing and make informed decisions when betting on races. By mastering these terms, you can improve your knowledge and enjoyment of horse racing.

**Glossary**

- **A/P**: Across the Board
- **B/O**: Betting Office
- **BRIS**: Bloodstock Research Information Services
- **DNQ**: Did Not Quality
- **E/W**: Each Way
- **FF**: Fast Finish
- **FP**: Form Paper
- **G/F**: Going/Ground
- **H/C**: Handicap/Handicapper
- **I/R**: Inside/Inside Rail
- **J/K**: Jockey/Jockeys
- **KT**: Keeneland Track
- **L/S**: Length/Lengths
- **M/E**: Maiden/Maiden Race
- **N/R**: Non-Runner
- **O/S**: Observation Status
- **P/P**: Paddock/Paddock
- **PP**: Post Position
- **P/U**: Pulled Up
- **Q/T**: Quarter/Quarter Mile
- **R/P**: Race Program
- **S/S**: Stakes/Stages Race
- **T/J**: Track/Track Condition
- **T/O**: Totalizer/Totalizator
- **U/R**: Under/Under Review
- **V/R**: Veterinarian/Veterinary
- **W/P**: Win/Place

**Self-Debating Discussion**

1. Why are some races called "handicap" races?
2. What does it mean when a horse is "pulled up"?
3. How does the condition of the track affect a horse's performance?
4. What is the difference between a "claiming race" and a regular race?
5. Can you explain the meaning of "each way" and "across the board" in horse racing?


text: 2011 Bmw 335is Coupe & Cabriolet revealed… unofficially!. By Andrew C., 26 Aug, 2010. 0 Comments. These are the first photos with the brand new 2011 Bmw 335is Coupe and Cabriolet, revealed unofficially by the German manufacturer. As you may know already this new version of the 335i will carry the 3.0-liter N54 Twin Turbo engine capable to deliver an impressive 344 hp and 500 Nm of torque (369 lb-ft). Besides the most powerful engine found on a 3-Series Coupe and Cabrio, the car also comes with a new sport exhaust system with black chrome tailpipes, an additional water cooler, high output cooling fan, an optional 7-Speed Double Clutch Transmission (DCT). The vehicle will be offered without the fog lights, in order to obtain additional cooling and, as we reported, will come as standard with an M Sport Package (revealed yesterday in this post) as well as 18 inch alloy wheels.. Gallery: 2011 Bmw 335is Coupe / Cabrio.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Automotive Engineering

### Section 1: What is Automotive Engineering?
Automotive engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with designing, developing, manufacturing, and testing vehicles such as cars, buses, trucks, and motorcycles. It combines mechanical, electrical, and electronic engineering to create efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly vehicles.

### Section 2: Understanding the Basics
To understand automotive engineering, we need to learn about the basic principles that govern vehicle design. These include mechanics, thermodynamics, materials science, electronics, and software engineering. Mechanics deals with the forces and motion of objects, while thermodynamics studies heat and energy transfer. Materials science focuses on the properties and behavior of different materials, and electronics and software engineering deal with the electrical and computer systems in vehicles.

### Section 3: Applying Automotive Engineering Principles
Automotive engineers use these principles to design and develop vehicles that meet safety, performance, and environmental standards. They work with other professionals, such as designers and marketers, to create vehicles that are not only functional but also stylish and appealing to consumers.

### Section 4: Types of Automotive Engineers
There are several types of automotive engineers, including mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, and software engineers. Mechanical engineers focus on the design and manufacture of vehicle components, such as engines, transmissions, and suspension systems. Electrical engineers work on the electrical systems, such as lighting, ignition, and instrumentation. Software engineers develop the software that controls the vehicle's electronic systems, such as the engine control unit (ECU) and infotainment systems.

### Section 5: Career Opportunities in Automotive Engineering
Automotive engineers can work in various industries, including automotive manufacturers, suppliers, and consulting firms. They can specialize in areas such as design, research and development, production, or quality control. Some automotive engineers also become inventors and entrepreneurs, creating new technologies and companies in the automotive industry.

### Glossary
- Mechanics: The branch of physics concerned with the study of the physical properties of matter and their movements.
- Thermodynamics: A branch of physics that deals with heat and its relation to energy and work.
- Materials Science: The study of the properties and behavior of materials.
- Electronics: The branch of physics that deals with the emission and effects of electrons.
- Software Engineering: The process of designing, developing, testing, and maintaining software.

### Conclusion
Automotive engineering is a fascinating field that combines various engineering disciplines to create efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly vehicles. By understanding the basics of automotive engineering and applying them to design and develop vehicles, automotive engineers play a crucial role in the transportation industry.


text: Kensington council warned of ‘criminally lax’ safety standards years before Grenfell Tower fire. If only we would target criminally negligent authorities, managers and owners the same way we target terrorists.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.. Filed under: Uncategorized. Kensington council warned of ‘criminally lax’ safety standards years before Grenfell Tower fire. If only we would target criminally negligent authorities, managers and owners the same way we target terrorists.. One comment. Do they not have public safety officers or building inspectors in London?. Perhaps the Grenfell Action Group would have been better served by contacting them, if they exist.

textbook:
**Lesson:**
Introduction to Public Safety and Building Inspection

**Objective:**
The goal of this lesson is to introduce students to the concept of public safety and building inspection, and to explain why these professions are essential for maintaining safe and healthy living environments.

**Section 1: Theory**

- What is public safety?
Public safety refers to the prevention of crime, disasters, and other hazards that can harm individuals and communities. It involves the collaboration of various organizations and individuals to ensure that people can live, work, and play in safe environments.

- What is building inspection?
Building inspection is the process of evaluating the physical structure and components of a building to ensure that they meet the required safety standards. This includes checking for any potential hazards, such as fire, structural damage, or electrical issues.

- Why are public safety and building inspection important?
Public safety and building inspection are crucial because they help prevent accidents, injuries, and even loss of life. By identifying potential hazards and addressing them promptly, we can minimize the risk of tragedies like the Grenfell Tower fire.

**Section 2: Practice**

- True or False: Building inspections are only necessary after a disaster has occurred.
False. Building inspections should be conducted regularly to identify potential hazards before they result in accidents or injuries.

- Match the following professions with their respective roles:
a) Firefighter - Responds to emergency situations involving fires or other hazardous conditions
b) Building Inspector - Evaluates the physical structure and components of a building to ensure that they meet safety standards
c) Public Safety Officer - Enforces laws and ordinances to protect the public and prevent crime

**Section 3: Application**

- Case Study: The Grenfell Tower fire
In June 2017, a fire broke out at the Grenfell Tower apartment block in London, resulting in the deaths of 72 people. It was later discovered that the building had been covered in flammable cladding, which accelerated the spread of the fire and made it impossible for residents to escape safely. This tragedy highlights the importance of public safety and building inspection, as well as the consequences of neglecting to adhere to safety standards.

**Glossary:**
- Public Safety: A combination of different organizations and individuals working together to ensure that people can live, work, and play in safe environments.
- Building Inspection: The process of evaluating the physical structure and components of a building to ensure that they meet safety standards.
- Hazard: Anything that has the potential to cause harm, injury, or damage.

**Conclusion:**

This lesson has introduced students to the concept of public safety and building inspection, and has explained why these professions are essential for maintaining safe and healthy living environments. By understanding the importance of these professions, students can appreciate the need for responsible and diligent professionals who work to keep our communities safe.


text: Jennifer Oliver, Administrative Assistant. Jennifer is Dory’s administrative assistant, support team and cheerleader.. Jennifer is a marvelous virtual assistant who specializes in assisting overwhelmed creatives, healers, and metaphysical business owners manage their growth and get organized. Her cheery demeanor and sheer force of will helps her manage tasks with dedication, efficiency, and a little bit of magic.. Jennifer’s passion is taking the mundane and time-consuming tasks off Dory’s plate (as well as other clients’) so Dory can focus on what she does best: teaching and healing!. Outside of her role as a virtual assistant, Jennifer is a self-proclaimed “crazy cat lady” and mom of a spirited 6-year-old. She is also a voracious reader of books and tarot, and loves to craft spell jars whenever she can.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Organization in Business

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the importance of organization in business. We will cover the following topics:

1. The Role of an Administrative Assistant in Business
2. The Benefits of Being Organized in Business
3. How to Stay Organized in Business

Section 1: The Role of an Administrative Assistant in Business

An administrative assistant is an essential part of any business. They are responsible for managing the day-to-day operations of the business, ensuring that everything runs smoothly. Jennifer Oliver, the administrative assistant in our example, plays a crucial role in Dory's business. She is responsible for managing tasks, keeping the business organized, and ensuring that Dory can focus on her core responsibilities.

As a business owner or manager, you may not have the time or resources to hire an administrative assistant like Jennifer. However, it is still essential to have someone who can handle administrative tasks. This person could be you, another employee, or even an outsourced service.

Section 2: The Benefits of Being Organized in Business

Being organized in business has several benefits, including:

1. Increased Efficiency: When your business is organized, you can complete tasks more efficiently. You know where everything is, and you can find information quickly.

2. Improved Productivity: When you're organized, you can focus on the most important tasks. You're not wasting time looking for lost documents or trying to remember what needs to be done.

3. Reduced Stress: When your business is organized, you're less likely to feel overwhelmed by the workload. You can manage your time better, and you'll be less stressed because you know what needs to be done and when.

4. Better Customer Service: When your business is organized, you can provide better customer service. You can respond to customer inquiries quickly, and you can keep track of their information.

Section 3: How to Stay Organized in Business

To stay organized in business, follow these tips:

1. Create a Schedule: Create a schedule that includes all of your tasks for the day, week, and month. Make sure to prioritize your tasks based on their importance and urgency.

2. Use Technology: Use technology to your advantage. There are many tools available that can help you stay organized, such as calendars, task lists, and project management software.

3. Keep Your Workspace Tidy: Keeping your workspace tidy can help you stay focused and reduce stress. Make sure to file papers away, clean up clutter, and organize your desk regularly.

4. Delegate Tasks: Don't try to do everything yourself. Delegate tasks to others who can help you. This will free up your time to focus on more important tasks.

Conclusion:

Organization is essential in business. It can increase efficiency, improve productivity, reduce stress, and provide better customer service. By following the tips in this lesson, you can stay organized and ensure that your business runs smoothly.


text:
The slit lamp is an instrument used in eye care that provides an illuminated and magnified view of a patient's eye. The slit lamp typically includes a light projected through a slit to allow for observation of optical cross sections of the eye using an optical portion. The light is typically mounted on an articulated arm that is adjustable for observation of different portions of the eye. During examination, the patient's face is positioned against chin and forehead rests. While one eye is being examined by the optical portion, the patient is instructed to focus the other eye on a fixation light such that the examined eye is properly oriented. A small shield secures to the slit lamp and protects the examiner from coughs and sneezes, though in prior systems the shield is much too small to be effective.
In prior systems, the fixation light is a single light mounted on an arm that is attached to the portion of the slit lamp bearing the chin and forehead rests. The examiner is required to move the fixation light from one side of the slit lamp to the other when examining both eyes. When moving the optical portion from focusing on one eye to the other, the fixation light and its mounting arm tend to cause obstruction. Furthermore, since the fixation light is constantly being moved between eyes, the mechanisms enabling articulation of its mounting arm become worn, resulting in drift of the fixation light. In prior system the fixation light is positioned close to the patient's eye such that bumping of the light or its mounting arm can cause injury to the patient. The mounting arm is typically movable to a storage position to the side of the slit lamp. However, the fixation light and its mounting arm are still an obstacle to movement of the optical portion and the examiner's hand.
Further complications during examination of a patient using a slit lamp occur as the patient's face moves. It is typical for a patient to move the forehead away from the forehead rest. As a result, the examiner must “chase” the eye. As the patient moves away the eye also moves out of the range of focus of the slit lamp. As a result, the examiner typically must frequently remind the patient to stay forward against the forehead rest.
In view of the foregoing it would be an advancement in the art to provide a slit lamp facilitating the convenient non-obstructive positioning of a fixation light. It would be a further advancement in the art to provide a convenient means for maintaining a patient's forehead against a forehead rest during examination.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Use a Slit Lamp

Introduction:
A slit lamp is a medical instrument used in eye care to provide an illuminated and magnified view of a patient's eye. It is commonly used by ophthalmologists and optometrists to examine the eye and diagnose various eye conditions. In this lesson, we will learn how to use a slit lamp effectively.

Section 1: Understanding the Parts of a Slit Lamp

Before we can learn how to use a slit lamp, we need to understand its different parts. A typical slit lamp includes the following components:

1. Light source: This is the part of the slit lamp that produces the light used to examine the eye.
2. Slit: This is a narrow opening that allows only a small amount of light to pass through.
3. Optical portion: This is the part of the slit lamp that magnifies the image of the eye and allows the user to observe it in detail.
4. Articulated arm: This is the arm that holds the light source and the optical portion. It is adjustable so that the user can position it to examine different parts of the eye.
5. Chin and forehead rests: These are the parts of the slit lamp that the patient rests their head on while being examined.
6. Fixation light: This is a small light that the patient focuses on with their unexamined eye.
7. Shield: This is a small cover that protects the examiner from coughs and sneezes.

Section 2: Preparing for the Examination

Before starting the examination, the user must ensure that the slit lamp is clean and functioning properly. The patient should be asked to remove any contact lenses or glasses, and they should be seated comfortably in a chair with their chin and forehead resting on the appropriate rests. The fixation light should be positioned so that the patient can easily focus on it with their unexamined eye.

Section 3: Conducting the Examination

Once the patient is prepared, the user can begin the examination by shining the light into the patient's eye and observing the reflection off the cornea and lens. The user can then adjust the focus and illumination as needed to get a clear view of the eye. The user can also use the optical portion of the slit lamp to magnify the image of the eye and examine it in detail.

Section 4: Recording Observations

As the user examines the eye, they should record their observations in a clear and concise manner. They should note any abnormalities they see, such as redness, swelling, or cloudiness. They should also note the presence or absence of certain structures, such as the iris or pupil.

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned how to use a slit lamp to examine a patient's eye. We covered the different parts of the slit lamp, how to prepare for the examination, and how to conduct and record observations during the examination. By following these steps, users can effectively use a slit lamp to diagnose and treat various eye conditions.

Glossary:

- Slit lamp: A medical instrument used in eye care to provide an illuminated and magnified view of a patient's eye.
- Optical portion: The part of the slit lamp that magnifies the image of the eye and allows the user to observe it in detail.
- Articulated arm: The adjustable arm that holds the light source and the optical portion of the slit lamp.
- Chin and forehead rests: The parts of the slit lamp that the patient rests their head on while being examined.
- Fixation light: A small light that the patient focuses on with their unexamined eye.
- Shield: A small cover that protects the examiner from coughs and sneezes.


text:
Apple, alongside a handful of other tech companies, is reaching into its pockets for local San Francisco anti-poverty charity SF Gives. According to a report from Fortune, Apple is one of many companies that has donated $500,000 towards the total goal of $10 million that the organization is attempting to raise for local initiatives.

For the most part, signing up high-profile tech companies hasn’t presented a huge challenge thanks to Benioff and Lurie’s Silicon Valley connections. Still, while SF Gives is close to hitting the $10 million mark by its Wednesday deadline, 10 or so companies have declined to chip in. According to Lurie, their reasons vary. “For some, they feel like they’re doing their own thing: They’re giving back [already], and they’re involved,” he says. Other companies don’t generate revenue and feel it’s inappropriate to give away their investors’ money. “Then, there are others who just fundamentally believe that a company shouldn’t be doing philanthropy and that individuals should do it,” Lurie says.

The donation comes as Google and other big tech companies have been involved in controversies over their impact on the housing market and other aspects of smaller San Francisco neighbourhoods in recent months. There have been several cases of protestors blocking buses that shuttle Google employees to and from its headquarters and some even showing up at the homes of Google employees. Compare Apple’s relatively low donation of $500,000 to SF Gives— a fraction of one executive bonus— to the $6.8 million Google just gave to fund transit for low-income youth in the city following the controversies.

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textbook:
Lesson: How Companies Can Help Fight Poverty

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about how companies can help fight poverty in their communities. We will discuss the importance of giving back and how it can make a difference in people's lives. We will also explore the different ways companies can contribute to fighting poverty and the benefits of doing so.

Section 1: Why Companies Should Help Fight Poverty

Topic 1: The Importance of Giving Back
Companies have a responsibility to give back to their communities. By helping to fight poverty, companies can make a significant impact on people's lives. Poverty is a complex issue that affects many aspects of a person's life, including their health, education, and overall well-being. By donating resources, companies can help provide essential services such as food, shelter, and healthcare to those in need.

Topic 2: The Impact of Giving Back
When companies give back to their communities, they can make a real difference in people's lives. For example, donations can provide meals to hungry children, fund medical research, or support educational programs. These contributions can help break the cycle of poverty and create opportunities for individuals and families to thrive.

Section 2: Ways Companies Can Help Fight Poverty

Topic 1: Donations
One way companies can help fight poverty is by making financial donations to organizations that serve low-income communities. These donations can be made in the form of cash, stocks, or other assets. Companies can also match employee donations, which can significantly increase the impact of their giving.

Topic 2: Volunteering
Another way companies can help fight poverty is by volunteering their time and resources. This can include volunteering at local shelters, food banks, or schools. Companies can also organize volunteer days where employees can work together to make a difference in their community.

Topic 3: In-Kind Donations
Companies can also donate products or services to organizations that serve low-income communities. For example, a company may donate office supplies or technology equipment to a school or nonprofit organization. These in-kind donations can help organizations operate more efficiently and effectively.

Section 3: Benefits of Helping Fight Poverty

Topic 1: Improved Reputation
Companies that give back to their communities can improve their reputation and brand image. Consumers are increasingly interested in supporting companies that have a positive social impact. By donating resources and volunteering, companies can showcase their commitment to social responsibility and attract customers who share these values.

Topic 2: Employee Engagement
Employees who participate in giving back initiatives can feel more engaged and connected to their work. When employees feel that their work has a purpose beyond profit, they are more likely to be motivated and satisfied. This can lead to increased productivity and retention rates.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, companies have a responsibility to give back to their communities and help fight poverty. By donating resources, volunteering, and making in-kind donations, companies can make a significant impact on people's lives. Not only does giving back improve the community, but it can also improve a company's reputation and employee engagement. By applying these concepts, companies can create a positive social impact and make a difference in the world.

Glossary:
- Philanthropy: The act of donating resources or money to charitable causes.
- Low-income: Having a limited income or financial resources.
- Nonprofit organization: An organization that operates for a specific purpose, such as education or healthcare, rather than generating a profit for its owners.