text:
.float-cart {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  right: -450px;
  width: 450px;
  height: 100%;
  background-color: #1b1a20;
  box-sizing: border-box;

  transition: right 0.2s;

  &--open {
    right: 0;
  }

  &__close-btn {
    width: 50px;
    height: 50px;
    color: #ececec;
    background-color: #1b1a20;
    text-align: center;
    line-height: 50px;
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: -50px;
    cursor: pointer;

    &:hover {
      background-color: #212027;
    }
  }

  .bag {
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: middle;
    margin-right: 15px;
    background-image: url('../../static/bag-icon.png');
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-size: contain;
    background-position: center;

    &--float-cart-closed {
      position: absolute;
      background-color: #000;
      background-size: 50%;
      left: -60px;
      width: 60px;
      height: 60px;
      cursor: pointer;

      .bag__quantity {
        bottom: 5px;
        right: 10px;
      }
    }

    &__quantity {
      display: inline-block;
      width: 18px;
      height: 18px;
      color: #0c0b10;
      font-weight: bold;
      font-size: 0.7em;
      text-align: center;
      line-height: 18px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      background-color: #eabf00;
      position: absolute;
      bottom: -5px;
      right: 0px;
    }
  }

  &__header {
    color: #ececec;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 45px 0;

    .header-title {
      font-weight: bold;
      font-size: 1.2em;
      vertical-align: middle;
    }
  }

  &__shelf-container {
    position: relative;
    min-height: 280px;
    padding-bottom: 200px;

    .shelf-empty {
      color: #ececec;
      text-align: center;
      line-height: 40px;
    }

    .shelf-item {
      position: relative;
      box-sizing: border-box;
      padding: 5%;

      transition: background-color 0.2s, opacity 0.2s;

      &::before {
        content: '';
        width: 90%;
        height: 2px;
        background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
        position: absolute;
        top: 0;
        left: 5%;
      }

      &--mouseover {
        background: #0c0b10;
        .shelf-item__details {
          .title,
          .desc {
            text-decoration: line-through;
            opacity: 0.6;
          }
        }

        .shelf-item__price {
          text-decoration: line-through;
          opacity: 0.6;
        }
      }

      &__del {
        width: 16px;
        height: 16px;
        top: 15px;
        right: 5%;
        border-radius: 50%;
        position: absolute;
        background-size: auto 100%;
        background-image: url('../../static/sprite_delete-icon.png');
        background-repeat: no-repeat;
        z-index: 2;
        cursor: pointer;

        &:hover {
          background-position-x: -17px;
        }
      }

      &__thumb,
      &__details,
      &__price {
        display: inline-block;
        vertical-align: middle;
      }

      &__thumb {
        vertical-align: middle;
        width: 15%;
        margin-right: 3%;

        img {
          width: 100%;
          height: auto;
        }
      }
      &__details {
        width: 57%;

        .title {
          color: #ececec;
          margin: 0;
        }

        .desc {
          color: #5b5a5e;
          margin: 0;
        }
      }
      &__price {
        color: #eabf00;
        text-align: right;
        width: 25%;
      }
      .change-product-button {
        color: #b7b7b7;
        border: 0;
        background-color: #000;
        width: 25px;
        height: 25px;

        &:disabled {
          opacity: .2;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  &__footer {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    padding: 5%;
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 200px;
    z-index: 2;
    background-color: #1b1a20;

    &::before {
      content: '';
      width: 100%;
      height: 20px;
      display: block;
      position: absolute;
      top: -20px;
      left: 0;
      background: linear-gradient(to top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), transparent);
    }

    .sub,
    .sub-price {
      color: #5b5a5e;
      vertical-align: middle;
      display: inline-block;
    }

    .sub {
      width: 20%;
    }

    .sub-price {
      width: 80%;
      text-align: right;

      &__val,
      &__installment {
        margin: 0;
      }

      &__val {
        color: #eabf00;
        font-size: 22px;
      }
    }

    .buy-btn {
      color: #ececec;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      background-color: #0c0b10;
      text-align: center;
      padding: 15px 0;
      margin-top: 40px;
      cursor: pointer;

      transition: background-color 0.2s;

      &:hover {
        background-color: #000;
      }
    }
  }
}

/* MAC scrollbar para desktop*/
@media screen and (min-width: 640px) {
  .float-cart__content::-webkit-scrollbar {
    -webkit-appearance: none;
    width: 10px;
    background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    padding: 10px;
  }
  .float-cart__content::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
    border-radius: 4px;
    background-color: #0c0b10;
  }
}

.float-cart__content {
  height: 100%;
  overflow-y: scroll;
}

textbook:
Lesson: How to Use Floating Cart in CSS

### Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn how to use a floating cart in CSS. A floating cart is a design element that allows users to view and interact with a cart without leaving the page. It is a useful feature for e-commerce websites, as it provides a convenient way for customers to make purchases without having to navigate away from the product page.

### Section 1: What is a Floating Cart?
A floating cart is a design element that appears on the right side of the screen and stays fixed in place as the user scrolls. It contains information about the products in the cart, such as the quantity, price, and image of each item. The cart can be opened and closed by clicking on the close button or by hovering over the cart icon.

### Section 2: How to Implement a Floating Cart in CSS
To implement a floating cart in CSS, you will need to create a container that holds the cart and position it using CSS. You can use the `position: fixed` property to fix the container in place, and the `right` property to position the container on the right side of the screen. You will also need to set the width and height of the container, and use the `background-image` property to display the cart icon. Finally, you will need to add a close button to the container and position it using CSS.

### Section 3: Examples
Here is an example of how to implement a floating cart in CSS:

```css
/* Create a container for the floating cart */
.float-cart {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  right: -450px;
  width: 450px;
  height: 100%;
  background-color: #1b1a20;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* Position the cart icon */
.float-cart .bag {
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  position: absolute;
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: middle;
  margin-right: 15px;
  background-image: url('https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/11/09/19/28/shopping-bag-766910_960_720.jpg');
  background-size: contain;
  background-position: center;
}

/* Add a close button to the cart */
.float-cart__close-btn {
  width: 50px;
  height: 50px;
  color: #ececec;
  background-color: #1b1a20;
  text-align: center;
  line-height: 50px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: -50px;
  cursor: pointer;
}

/* Hover effect for the close button */
.float-cart__close-btn:hover {
  background-color: #212027;
}
```

In this example, we have created a container for the floating cart using the `float-cart` class. We have positioned the container on the right side of the screen using the `right` property, and set its width and height. We have also added a background color to the container using the `background-color` property.

We have also added a class called `bag` to the cart icon, which positions it absolutely within the container. We have set the width and height of the icon, as well as its margin and background image.

Finally, we have added a close button to the cart using the `float-cart__close-btn` class. We have positioned the button using the `left` property, and set its width, height, color, and background color. We have also added a hover effect to the button using the `:hover` pseudo-class.

### Section 4: Conclusion
In this lesson, we have learned how to implement a floating cart in CSS. We have covered the basic concepts of positioning the cart on the right side of the screen, adding a close button, and styling the icon. We have also provided examples of how to use these concepts in practice. By following these steps, you can create a floating cart that is both functional and visually appealing.


text: Mekhala Bahl (Delhi ). About ArtistBorn in 1980, Mekhala studied briefly at the College of Art, Delhi, before training at the Rhode Island School of Design until she graduated in 2003. In that year, Bahl was awarded Student of the Year in Print-making at the Rhode Island School of Design. She was also the recipient of the G.W. Hodge Ritchie Award for Excellence in Printmaking, USA, in 2002.She has worked, and exhibited in countries and cultures as diverse as Italy, France and Japan. She has been part of several group shows including Blur, Montecastello Art Gallery, Montecastello, Italy 2005; India on Canvas, Auction and Exhibition 2006; Grain, Gallery Espace, Delhi 2013, The Black Frame Project, Indigo Blue Art - Singapore 2013, Drawing 2014, 7 decades of India Drawing at IGNCA, Delhi; Her solo exhibits include Anecdote, Alliance Francaise, Delhi, 2007; The Geometry of Error, Gallery Espace, Delhi, 2009, is that | that is at Gallery Espace in 2016. Mekhala Bahl lives and works in Delhi.. Artwork

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Art

**Overview:** This lesson introduces students to the world of art, its history, and its various forms. It covers the basics of visual art, including drawing, painting, sculpture, and printmaking.

**Objectives:** By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

- Define what art is and identify its various forms.
- Understand the history of art and its evolution over time.
- Recognize the basic techniques used in visual art, including drawing, painting, sculpture, and printmaking.
- Appreciate the beauty and meaning of different artworks.

**Section 1: What is Art?**

**Introduction:** Art is a form of expression that uses creativity and imagination to communicate ideas, emotions, and experiences. It can take many different forms, including painting, sculpture, photography, film, and performance art.

**Defining Art:** Art is often defined as the creation of beautiful or meaningful objects, but this definition is too narrow. Art can also be ugly or meaningless, but still be considered art if it meets certain criteria. One common definition of art is that it is an activity or object that is intended to be beautiful or meaningful.

**Forms of Art:** There are many different forms of art, including:

- Drawing: A two-dimensional image created using lines, shapes, and colors.
- Painting: A two-dimensional image created using paint, usually on a canvas or other surface.
- Sculpture: A three-dimensional object created by carving, modeling, or casting.
- Printmaking: A technique used to create multiple copies of an image, usually by transferring ink from a matrix to a sheet of paper.

**Section 2: The History of Art**

**Introduction:** Art has been around for thousands of years, and its history is rich and complex. It has evolved over time, reflecting the changing cultural, social, and political landscape of human society.

**Prehistoric Art:** The earliest known examples of art come from prehistoric times, around 30,000 BC. These include cave paintings and carvings, which were often created for religious or ceremonial purposes.

**Ancient Art:** As civilizations developed, so did art. Ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman art often depicted gods and goddesses, as well as daily life.

**Medieval Art:** During the Middle Ages, art focused on religious themes, such as the life of Christ and the saints.

**Renaissance Art:** In the 14th and 15th centuries, art underwent a revival, with a focus on humanism and the beauty of nature.

**Baroque Art:** In the 17th century, art became more dramatic and emotional, with a focus on movement and light.

**Romanticism:** In the 19th century, art became more personal and emotional, with a focus on nature and the individual.

**Realism:** In the 19th century, artists began to depict everyday life in a more realistic way.

**Impressionism:** In the late 19th century, artists began to use color and light to create a sense of atmosphere and mood.

**Cubism:** In the early 20th century, artists began to break down objects into geometric shapes.

**Surrealism:** In the mid-20th century, artists began to explore the subconscious mind and create dreamlike images.

**Section 3: Basic Techniques in Visual Art**

**Introduction:** Visual art involves creating images or objects that are visually interesting or meaningful. There are several basic techniques used in visual art, including:

- Line: A continuous mark made on a surface, often used to create shapes and outlines.
- Shape: A closed two-dimensional area, often used to create patterns or textures.
- Color: The visual aspect of light that is reflected off an object, often used to create mood or atmosphere.
- Texture: The way an object feels to the touch, often used to create depth or interest.

**Drawing:** Drawing is the process of making marks on a surface to create an image. It can be done with pencil, pen, charcoal, or any other tool that can make a mark. Drawing can be used to create sketches, illustrations, or finished works of art.

**Painting:** Painting is the process of applying pigment to a surface using a brush, roller, or other tool. Paint can be used to create images, patterns, or textures. Painting can be done on canvas, paper, wood, or any other surface.

**Sculpture:** Sculpture is the process of creating three-dimensional objects. It can be done using a variety of materials, such as clay, stone, metal, or wood. Sculpture can be used to create figures, abstract shapes, or architectural elements.

**Printmaking:** Printmaking is the process of creating multiple copies of an image. It can be done using a variety of techniques, such as etching, lithography, or screen printing. Printmaking is often used to create posters, books, or other printed materials.

**Section 4: Appreciating Art**

**Introduction:** Art can be beautiful, thought-provoking, and meaningful. It can inspire us, challenge our beliefs, and help us understand the world around us.

**Appreciating Art:** To appreciate art, we need to look beyond its physical appearance and try to understand what the artist was trying to communicate. We can ask questions like:

- What is the subject matter?
- What is the style or technique used?
- What is the mood or atmosphere created?
- What is the message or meaning conveyed?

**Analyzing Art:** To analyze art, we need to break it down into its component parts and examine each part individually. We can ask questions like:

- What colors are used?
- How are they applied?
- What is the composition like?
- What is the perspective or viewpoint used?
- What is the overall effect created?

**Conclusion:** Art is a powerful tool that can inspire, challenge, and move us. By learning about its history, techniques, and forms, we can better appreciate and understand the art around us.


text:
Q:

R: different predictor p-value in linear and multi-linear models

Here is what I did:
1) I divided the mtcars dataset into a training set (80%) and a validation set (20%).
2) I built a simple linear model predicting mileage (mpg) based on displacement (disp).
3) I built a multi-linear model predicting mileage (mpg) based on displacement, horsepower and weight (disp + hp + wt).
Here is the R code I used:
set.seed(123)
trainingRowIndex <- sample(1:nrow(mtcars), 0.8*nrow(mtcars))
trainingSet <- mtcars[trainingRowIndex, ]
validationSet  <- mtcars[-trainingRowIndex, ]
# Build simple linear model (disp only)
lmMtcars <- lm(mpg ~ disp, data=trainingSet)
summary (lmMtcars)
# Build multi-linear model (disp + hp + wt)
mlmMtcars <- lm(mpg ~ disp + hp + wt , data=trainingSet)
summary (mlmMtcars)

In the simple linear model, the disp has a p-value of 2.33e-07 (basically meaning that it is a good predictor). However, in the multi-linear model, disp has a p-value of 0.87220 (meaning that it is not a good predictor). I would expect disp to be a rather good predictor for mgp as there is a strong (negative) correlation between the two (=-0.8475514).
Why is the disp p-value not significant in the case of the multi-linear model? Is there something wrong with my code or do I miss something here?
Thanks,

A:

The p-values in multiple linear regression are conditional tests, they measure the effect of the given term above and beyond the effect of all the other terms in the model.  So displacement has a significant effect (being a good predictor is beyond just being significant) when it is in the model by itself, but in the multiple model you are asking about the contribution of displacement above and beyond the relationship with horsepower and weight.  Since horsepower and weight contain much of the same information that displacement does you get a different estimate and a different p-value.
What if you had displacement measured in cubic centimeters and displacement measured in cubic inches.  Either one would be meaningful by itself, but using both of them would be redundant, neither would contribute anything above and beyond what the other one does, you would only need one of the 2.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding P-values in Regression Models

Introduction:
P-values are statistical measures used to determine the probability of obtaining a particular result by chance. In regression models, p-values help us understand the significance of independent variables in predicting the dependent variable. In this lesson, we will learn about p-values in regression models, their interpretation, and how they can be used to make informed decisions.

Section 1: Understanding P-values
Topic 1: What are P-values?
A P-value is the probability of observing a result as extreme or more extreme than the one observed, if the null hypothesis is true. In regression models, p-values are calculated to determine the significance of independent variables in predicting the dependent variable.

Topic 2: How are P-values used in regression models?
In regression models, p-values are used to determine the significance of independent variables in predicting the dependent variable. A low p-value indicates that the independent variable is significantly related to the dependent variable, while a high p-value indicates that the independent variable is not significantly related to the dependent variable.

Section 2: Interpreting P-values
Topic 1: What do P-values tell us?
P-values tell us the probability of observing a result as extreme or more extreme than the one observed, if the null hypothesis is true. In regression models, p-values help us understand the significance of independent variables in predicting the dependent variable.

Topic 2: How do we interpret P-values?
We interpret p-values by comparing them to a significance level, usually 0.05. If the p-value is less than 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the independent variable is significantly related to the dependent variable. If the p-value is greater than 0.05, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the independent variable is not significantly related to the dependent variable.

Section 3: Practical Examples
Topic 1: Example 1
Suppose we have a dataset with two variables, x and y. We want to predict y based on x. We fit a regression model with x as the independent variable and y as the dependent variable. The p-value for x is 0.049. Since 0.049 < 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that x is a significant predictor of y.

Topic 2: Example 2
Suppose we have a dataset with three variables, x, y, and z. We want to predict y based on x and z. We fit a multi-linear regression model with x, y, and z as the independent variables and y as the dependent variable. The p-value for x is 0.872, while the p-values for y and z are 0.654 and 0.789, respectively. Since 0.872 > 0.05, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that x is not a significant predictor of y.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about p-values in regression models, their interpretation, and how they can be used to make informed decisions. We also explored practical examples to illustrate the use of p-values in predicting the significance of independent variables in predicting the dependent variable. By understanding p-values, we can make better decisions when analyzing data and drawing conclusions.


text: It is estimated that 34% of Americans are affected by an increasingly prevalent condition known as metabolic syndrome which is a combination of at least three of the following risk factors: large waistline, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure and elevated blood sugar.(i) These individuals have a variety of risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Decades of mixed messaging regarding dietary cholesterol have led to avoidance of certain foods, such as eggs, particularly among individuals who are faced with health conditions. However, a recent study published in Metabolism suggests that including whole eggs as part of a weight loss diet may have positive effects on lipoprotein profiles for individuals with metabolic syndrome.(ii)

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Metabolic Syndrome and its Effects on Health

**Introduction:** Metabolic syndrome is a condition that affects many people in the United States. It is characterized by a combination of risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In this lesson, we will learn about metabolic syndrome, its symptoms, and how it can be managed.

**Section 1: What is Metabolic Syndrome?**

Metabolic syndrome is a condition that affects the way your body processes glucose, or sugar, in your bloodstream. It is also known as insulin resistance. This condition can lead to high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and obesity. These factors increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

**Section 2: Symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome**

The symptoms of metabolic syndrome can vary from person to person. Some common symptoms include:

- High blood pressure (130/85 mmHg or higher)
- High fasting blood sugar (100 mg/dL or higher)
- Low HDL cholesterol (less than 40 mg/dL for men or 50 mg/dL for women)
- Large waistline (more than 40 inches for men or more than 35 inches for women)
- High triglycerides (150 mg/dL or higher)

**Section 3: Managing Metabolic Syndrome**

Managing metabolic syndrome involves making lifestyle changes to improve your overall health. Here are some tips to help manage metabolic syndrome:

- Eat a healthy diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats can help lower your risk of developing diabetes and heart disease.
- Exercise regularly: Physical activity can help lower your blood pressure, improve your cholesterol levels, and help you maintain a healthy weight.
- Quit smoking: Smoking can worsen metabolic syndrome and increase your risk of developing other health problems.
- Maintain a healthy weight: Losing weight and keeping it off can help improve your symptoms and reduce your risk of developing diabetes and heart disease.
- Monitor your blood pressure and blood sugar levels regularly: Regular check-ups with your doctor can help you stay on top of your health and catch any problems early.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

In conclusion, metabolic syndrome is a condition that affects many people in the United States. However, with proper management and lifestyle changes, it is possible to reduce your risk of developing diabetes and heart disease. By eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and monitoring your blood pressure and blood sugar levels regularly, you can take control of your health and live a long and healthy life.

**Glossary:**
- Metabolic syndrome: A condition that affects the way your body processes glucose in your bloodstream, leading to high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and obesity.
- Insulin resistance: A condition where your body does not use insulin properly, leading to high blood sugar levels.
- High blood pressure: A condition where your blood pressure is consistently 130/85 mmHg or higher.
- High fasting blood sugar: A condition where your blood sugar level is 100 mg/dL or higher after not eating or drinking anything except water for at least 8 hours.
- Low HDL cholesterol: A condition where your HDL cholesterol level is less than 40 mg/dL for men or 50 mg/dL for women.
- Large waistline: A condition where your waist circumference is more than 40 inches for men or more than 35 inches for women.
- High triglycerides: A condition where your triglyceride level is 150 mg/dL or higher.

**Self-Debate Discussion:**

- How does metabolic syndrome increase the risk of developing diabetes and heart disease?
- What are some lifestyle changes that can help manage metabolic syndrome?
- Why is it important to monitor your blood pressure and blood sugar levels regularly if you have metabolic syndrome?
- How does quitting smoking help improve metabolic syndrome and overall health?


text: Posts Tagged ‘live oak’. Arranging StringsBIG TICKET. Widely divergent kinds of music will be arranged for stringed instruments at two different performances this week. First, TCU Cello Ensemble will feature 11 cellists and one harpsichordist playing music arranged for their force.... _2<<_6<<_8<<_9<<. Live Oak Re-brandingAnthony Mariani. Hiring Kinser and Knight, Live Oak owner Bill Smith said, is part of an overall re-branding of his venue/restaurant/bar. Blake Barker, former general manager of Scat Jazz Lounge, has been hired as the new manager of oper...

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to String Arrangements

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

In this lesson, we will learn about string arrangements in music. String arrangements refer to the way strings are organized and played to create a specific sound or melody. This can involve using different types of strings, such as violin, viola, cello, and double bass, as well as different techniques like pizzicato, arco, and tremolo.

## Section 2: Questions and Answers

**Question:** What is the difference between a string quartet and a string orchestra?

**Answer:** A string quartet is a small ensemble of four string players, usually two violins, a viola, and a cello. A string orchestra, on the other hand, is a larger group of string players, often including multiple sections of each instrument.

**Question:** How do you choose which strings to use in an arrangement?

**Answer:** Choosing the right strings for an arrangement depends on the desired sound and style of the piece. For example, a folk tune might use a simple, open tuning, while a classical piece might require a more complex, standard tuning.

## Section 3: Definitions and Examples

**Definition:** Pizzicato is a technique where the player plucks the string instead of using a bow.

**Example:** In the opening of Tchaikovsky's "Swan Lake," the solo cello plays a pizzicato line.

**Definition:** Arco is a technique where the player uses a bow to stroke the string.

**Example:** In the slow movement of Beethoven's "String Quartet in E minor," Op. 59, No. 2, the first violin plays an arco melody.

**Definition:** Tremolo is a technique where the player rapidly alternates between two adjacent pitches.

**Example:** In the finale of Brahms' "String Quartet No. 3," Op. 99, the second violin and viola play a tremolo figure in octaves.

## Section 4: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios

**Practical Example:** A string quartet might arrange a pop song for their performance, using their skills to create an interesting and unique interpretation of the tune.

**Real-World Scenario:** A composer might arrange a string quartet part for a film score, adding depth and emotion to the scene.

## Glossary
- String: A long, thin piece of material that vibrates when played, producing sound.
- String arrangement: The way strings are organized and played to create a specific sound or melody.
- Pizzicato: A technique where the player plucks the string instead of using a bow.
- Arco: A technique where the player uses a bow to stroke the string.
- Tremolo: A technique where the player rapidly alternates between two adjacent pitches.

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about string arrangements in music, including the different types of strings, techniques, and styles. We also explored practical examples and real-world scenarios where string arrangements are used. By understanding these concepts, we can appreciate and analyze the role of strings in various musical genres.


text: ROUNDUP: 'Pet Talk' on cable. Sun | Local. Pet Talk with the Kitsap Humane Society, a half-hour program, will air several times in December on the cable access channels of TCI and Falcon Cable.. The featured panel consists of Diane Webber, director of operations; Kathy Cocus, development director; Mary Dussol, volunteer coordinator; and Chuck and Julie Moore, KHS volunteers.. Scheduled air times are 9 p.m. today, 3:30 p.m. Dec. 14, 9 p.m. Dec. 17, 6:30 p.m. Dec. 22 and 10 a.m. Dec. 23.. KHS also is featured on the monthly program "Our Community" hosted by Sandra Howes. "Our Community" airs at 8:30 p.m. Mondays and 3:30 p.m. Thursdays. Many of the "Pet Talk" topics will be featured on this program as well.. For information, call (360) 692-6977 or visit.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Cable Access Programming

**Objective:** Understand the basics of cable access programming and its benefits.

**Introduction:** Cable access programming is a form of television programming that is produced and broadcasted over cable television systems. It provides an opportunity for individuals and organizations to create and air their own shows, reaching a wider audience than traditional broadcast television. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of cable access programming, its benefits, and its role in the media landscape.

**Section 1: What is Cable Access Programming?**

Cable access programming is a type of television programming that is created and broadcasted over cable television systems. It allows individuals and organizations to produce and air their own shows, which can be educational, informational, or entertainment-based. These shows are typically aired on public access channels, which are available to all cable subscribers.

**Section 2: Benefits of Cable Access Programming**

There are several benefits to creating and airing cable access programming. These include:

1. Reaching a wider audience: Cable access programming can reach a wider audience than traditional broadcast television, as it is available to all cable subscribers.

2. Providing a platform for expression: Cable access programming provides individuals and organizations with an opportunity to express their ideas and opinions, promoting free speech and democratic values.

3. Building community engagement: Cable access programming can help build community engagement by providing a platform for local events, issues, and initiatives.

4. Promoting local businesses: Cable access programming can help promote local businesses by featuring them in shows or advertisements.

**Section 3: Role in Media Landscape**

Cable access programming plays an important role in the media landscape by providing an alternative to traditional broadcast television. It allows for diverse voices and perspectives to be heard, and provides a platform for individuals and organizations to express their ideas and opinions. Additionally, it can serve as a tool for community engagement and building local economies.

**Conclusion:** Cable access programming is an important aspect of the media landscape, providing individuals and organizations with an opportunity to create and air their own shows. By reaching a wider audience, promoting free speech, and building community engagement, cable access programming plays a vital role in shaping our media culture.

**Glossary:**
- Public Access Channels: These are channels available to all cable subscribers, where cable access programming is aired.
- Free Speech: The right to express opinions and ideas without censorship or punishment.
- Democracy: A system of government where power is held by the people, either directly or through elected representatives.

**Self-Debate Questions:**
1. Why is cable access programming important in today's media landscape?
2. How does cable access programming promote community engagement?
3. What are some challenges associated with creating and airing cable access programming?


text:
[Priming effects on mental comparison].
Two experiments were carried out to examine priming effects on a mental comparison task. In experiment I the category names (related/unrelated) or plus sign (neutral) were used as prime stimuli, followed by 10 item-pairs which belonged to the category of fruit or animal as target stimuli that were compared in terms of their real size. In experiment II the instance names were used as prime stimuli instead of the category names, and other conditions were the same as experiment I. The results of two experiments showed that priming effects occurred in a mental comparison task, and that those effects did not interact with the factors related to comparison. Priming effects in experiment II, particularly the inhibition effect were smaller than those in experiment I. These findings suggested that the strength of the semantic relatedness between prime and target influenced priming effects not only in the automatic spreading activation process but in the limited-capacity attentional process.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Mental Comparison

**Objective:** In this lesson, we will learn about mental comparison, its types, and how to perform it effectively.

**Prerequisites:** None

**Introduction:** Mental comparison is the process of comparing two or more items in your mind to make a decision. It is an essential skill that helps us make informed choices in our daily lives.

**Types of Mental Comparison:** There are two types of mental comparison:

1. **Feature-based comparison:** This involves comparing specific features of two or more items to determine which one is better. For example, when choosing between two cars, you might compare their fuel efficiency, price, and safety features.

2. **Relational comparison:** This involves comparing the relationship between two or more items to determine which one is better. For example, when choosing between two restaurants, you might compare their location, ambiance, and menu options.

**Performing Mental Comparison Effectively:** To perform mental comparison effectively, follow these steps:

1. **Identify the criteria:** Determine the criteria that are important to you when making a decision. For example, if you are choosing a car, you might consider fuel efficiency, price, safety features, and brand reputation.

2. **Gather information:** Collect information about each item you are comparing. You can use online reviews, product descriptions, and customer feedback to gather information.

3. **Analyze the information:** Analyze the information you have gathered to determine which item is better based on your criteria. You can use tables, charts, and graphs to organize the information and make it easier to analyze.

4. **Make a decision:** After analyzing the information, make a decision based on your criteria. Remember to consider the pros and cons of each item and choose the one that best meets your needs.

**Conclusion:** Mental comparison is a valuable skill that helps us make informed decisions in our daily lives. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can perform mental comparison effectively and make better choices.


text:
*To rapidly communicate short reports of innovative responses to Covid-19 around the world, along with a range of current thinking on policy and strategy relevant to the pandemic, the *Journal* has initiated the Covid-19 Notes series.*

One April morning during the height of the pandemic in Rhode Island, 43-year-old Mr. H. picked up the phone in his hotel room and dialed our primary care clinic. "You wouldn't believe how awesome they're treating me here," he said. "This is actually great."

Two days earlier, after testing positive for Covid-19, Mr. H. had been transported from the hospital to the Department of Health's newly established isolation facility, a hybrid boarding home--military base in a former midbudget hotel in Warwick. Mr. H. had been incarcerated for more than half his adult life, but he seemed content inside the hotel, where residents were confined to their rooms. Mr. H. had always found the constraints of hospitalization challenging, frequently leaving against medical advice. It was his contention that the isolation imposed by hospitalization and the hospital's rules, including prohibition of smoking, made the hospital resemble a prison.

Humvees surrounded the isolation hotel, with state police at the entrance and volunteer emergency medical technicians (EMTs) checking temperatures of staff members and asking them screening questions. The smell of sanitizing solution was everywhere. High-top bar tables were now workstations; conference rooms stored clothing and snacks for residents; and the ballroom was now the National Guard's headquarters, complete with large screens for surveillance video. Residents' rooms were on the upper floors, where meals, medications, and care packages were delivered by National Guard members clad in personal protective equipment.

During the day, the hotel bustled with staff --- a registered nurse, case managers, National Guard members, and peer specialists. After hours, the staff became just two volunteer EMTs, who "admitted" people from shelters, emergency departments, and inpatient units, but without any accompanying medical information.

"There's just one thing missing," Mr. H. told us. "I don't have my Suboxone." He was not alone; the hotel staff had no consistent system for addressing medical issues, including opioid use disorder. It was clear that although the social-service framework was robust, near misses related to gaps in medical care were happening too frequently. Responding to feedback from onsite staff, we mobilized a group of attending physicians, trainees, and medical students who volunteered their time to evaluate people who were being referred to the hotel and assess their medical needs over the phone. These interviews led to several people being redirected to more appropriate care settings, including hospitals, psychiatric units, and nursing homes.

The admissions became the easy part. At several points during the ensuing days, we worried that Mr. H. would try to leave, as he had so often left the hospital. After a week of enjoying the hotel bed, bubble baths, and TV, he started to feel the weight of his solitude. He asked, "Is there any chance to get out of here at all? I need a cigarette so bad right now." He hadn't had any Covid-19 symptoms, and the nicotine-replacement products were not enough. His history of congregate living --- whether in prison or in a shelter --- was also compounding his experience of isolation.

Knowing the risks associated with ending his isolation early, we tried to tailor our support. We arranged for regular video check-ins with his community health worker, a telemedicine visit with his primary care provider, and, perhaps most important to Mr. H., some cigarettes. We did not make the decision to have cigarettes delivered --- nor the decision to provide alcohol to people with alcohol dependence --- lightly. Mr. H., along with all the other residents, remained at the hotel voluntarily until meeting the health department's criteria for safe discharge.

As the number of Covid-19 cases in Rhode Island has declined, so has the number of people in need of isolation; the facility was closed at the end of June. During its 3 months in operation, 179 people were admitted for isolation, staying an average of 10 days; only 8 people required transfer to a hospital. The most frequent discharge destination was a shelter, but 18 people went to substance-use programs. Mr. H., like many others, was discharged back to the street. He quickly found home in a tent encampment in a park north of Providence.

[Disclosure forms](#ap1){ref-type="app"} provided by the authors are available with the full text of this note at NEJM.org.

We would like to acknowledge the patients for whom we cared and the following partnering organizations and colleagues: House of Hope, Fellowship Health Resources, RI Disaster Medical Assistance Team, Lifespan, Brown Medicine, Deborah Garneau, Alma Guerrero, David Liu, Kristy Blackwood, Leanna Travis, Gabrielle Dressler, Felicia Sun, Babak Tehrani, Vivian Shi, and Marsha Haverly.

Identifying details have been changed to protect the patient's privacy.

This note was published on July 21, 2020, at NEJM.org.

######

Click here for additional data file.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Covid-19 Notes Series

**Objective:** To introduce students to the Covid-19 Notes series and its significance in sharing information about the pandemic.

**Materials:** None

**Activity:**

1. Begin by asking students what they know about the Covid-19 pandemic. Write their responses on the board.

2. Explain that the Covid-19 Notes series is a collection of short reports that share innovative responses to the pandemic from around the world. It also includes current thinking on policy and strategy relevant to the pandemic.

3. Ask students if they think it is important to share information about the pandemic. Why or why not?

4. Discuss the significance of the Covid-19 Notes series in providing up-to-date information about the pandemic and its impact on different countries.

5. Ask students if they can think of any ways in which this information could be useful. For example, it could help researchers develop new treatments or policymakers make informed decisions about how to handle the pandemic.

6. Conclude by asking students to reflect on what they have learned and how it might be applied in the future.

**Glossary:**
- Pandemic: A widespread epidemic of an infectious disease that affects a large number of people across a whole country or the world.
- Innovative: Relating to or being new ideas, especially those that are creative and effective.
- Strategy: A plan of action designed to achieve a specific goal or set of goals.
- Policymaker: A person who formulates policies, especially in government or politics.

**Conclusion:**
The Covid-19 Notes series is an important tool in sharing information about the pandemic and its impact on different countries. By providing current thinking on policy and strategy relevant to the pandemic, it helps researchers and policymakers make informed decisions about how to handle the crisis. Students can apply this knowledge to understand the importance of sharing information and how it can be used to make a difference in the world.


text: Reselling. We carry out value added reselling by harnessing our ability to discern the right products to be sold across different geographical locations. Accura-Tech has an extensive reach due to our several partnerships in South America, China, UK, Australia, Spain, North America and Asia.. Our highly talented marketing team has been strategically positioned and spread geographically so that we can sell across the world.. We work best with SMEs who have an innovative product at its infancy stage where Accura-Tech will add value and move this product forward. Currently we work with several companies such as Hollywood Studio, Wakster Animation Company, and Several GPS Sat Nav companies to name a few. We seize opportunities, white label if beneficial, and sell these products in Asia, Europe and so forth.. Please contact us if you wish to resell your innovative technical product through us. We will open your doors to unimaginable opportunities.

textbook:
Lesson: Reselling 101

Introduction:
Reselling is the process of buying a product at a lower price and selling it at a higher price to make a profit. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of reselling and how to identify profitable products to sell.

Section 1: Understanding Reselling

Topic 1: What is Reselling?
Reselling is the act of purchasing products at a lower price and selling them at a higher price to make a profit. This can be done through various channels such as online marketplaces, physical stores, or even through your own website.

Topic 2: Types of Reselling
There are different types of reselling, including:

- Retail Arbitrage: This involves buying products from retail stores and selling them on online marketplaces for a higher price.
- Wholesale: This involves buying products in bulk from manufacturers or distributors and selling them to retailers or other businesses.
- Dropshipping: This involves selling products without actually holding any inventory. You purchase the product from a supplier and they ship it directly to the customer.

Section 2: Identifying Profitable Products

Topic 1: Researching the Market
To identify profitable products to resell, you need to research the market thoroughly. Look for products that are in demand and have a high profit margin. You can use tools like Google Trends, social media analytics, and online forums to gather information about what people are interested in buying.

Topic 2: Analyzing Competitors
Another way to identify profitable products is by analyzing your competitors. Look for products that they are selling well and consider offering similar products on your platform. You can also look for gaps in their product offerings and fill those gaps with your own unique products.

Topic 3: Trends and Seasonality
Keep an eye on trends and seasonality when identifying profitable products to resell. For example, during the holiday season, people tend to buy more gifts and decorations. So, if you're in the business of selling gift items, it would be wise to stock up on holiday-themed products.

Section 3: Reselling Strategies

Topic 1: White Labeling
White labeling is when you purchase products from a manufacturer and then sell them under your own brand name. This can be a great way to differentiate yourself from competitors and establish a unique brand identity.

Topic 2: Niche Marketing
Niche marketing involves targeting a specific group of customers with products that cater to their needs. For example, if you're selling pet supplies, you could focus on selling eco-friendly and organic products to environmentally conscious pet owners.

Topic 3: Collaboration
Collaborating with other businesses can help you tap into new markets and expand your customer base. Consider partnering with complementary businesses to offer bundled products or services.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, reselling can be a lucrative business if you know how to identify profitable products and effectively market them. By researching the market, analyzing competitors, and leveraging trends and seasonality, you can find products that will sell well and generate profits. Additionally, by implementing strategies such as white labeling, niche marketing, and collaboration, you can differentiate yourself from competitors and expand your customer base.

Glossary:
- Retail Arbitrage: The practice of buying products at retail stores and selling them at a higher price online
- Wholesale: Buying products in bulk from manufacturers or distributors and selling them to retailers or other businesses
- Dropshipping: Selling products without holding any inventory; purchasing the product from a supplier and having them ship it directly to the customer
- White Labeling: Purchasing products from a manufacturer and selling them under your own brand name
- Niche Marketing: Targeting a specific group of customers with products that cater to their needs
- Collaboration: Partnering with other businesses to offer bundled products or services.


text:
variable frequency drive

with your need/request , We will collect and show specific information of variable frequency drive's within short time.......So hurry to Ask now (No Registration , No fees ...its a free service from our side).....Our experts are ready to help you...

In this page you may see variable frequency drive related pages link And You're currently viewing a stripped down version of content. open "Show Contents" to see content in proper format with attachments

speed error at any frequency is presented. The control scheme is based on the popular constant volts
per hertz (V/f) method using low-cost open-loop current sensor..................[:=> Show Contents <=:]

is for our discussion.
Switching Bus with IGBTS
Today's inverters use Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) to switch
the DC bus on and off at specific intervals. In doing so, the inverter actually creates a variable
AC voltage and frequency output. As shown in Fig., the output of the drive doesn't provide an exact
replica of the AC input sine waveform. Instead, it provides voltage pulses that are at a constant
magnitude.
The drive's control board signals the power device's control circuits to turn on the waveform
positive half or negative hal..................[:=> Show Contents <=:]

rough advanced integration of power electronics components. It provides high frequency synthesis,
resulting in important improvements in performance, size, and cost.
Currently, assemblies of power semiconductor switches and their associated drive circuitry are
available in modules. Though the module contains a small size power switching part, the associated
control, sensing, electro magnetic power passives and inter connect structures are very bulky. In
IPEM, the reduction in size and weight is provided by planar metalization that allows 3-D
integration of power devices and power passives to ..................[:=> Show Contents <=:]

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Variable Frequency Drives

**Objective:** To understand the basic principles and applications of variable frequency drives (VFDs) in electrical systems.

**Glossary:**
- VFD: A device that controls the frequency and voltage of an alternating current (AC) electric motor.
- AC motor: An electric motor that runs on an alternating current.
- Inverter: A device that converts direct current (DC) into AC.
- IGBT: Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, a type of transistor used in inverters.

**Section 1: Introduction**

Variable frequency drives (VFDs) are essential components in modern electrical systems. They are used to control the speed and torque of AC motors in various applications, such as industrial processes, pumps, and fans. This lesson will introduce the basic principles of VFDs and their applications.

**Section 2: How VFDs Work**

A VFD works by converting the AC voltage output from an inverter into a DC voltage. This DC voltage is then converted back into AC voltage using a rectifier bridge. The resulting AC voltage is fed back into the inverter, which modulates the frequency and voltage of the output signal. This process is repeated at a high frequency, allowing the VFD to control the speed and torque of the AC motor accurately.

**Section 3: Applications of VFDs**

VFDs are used in various applications where precise control of motor speed and torque is required. Some common applications include:

1. Industrial processes: VFDs are used to control the speed of conveyor belts, mixers, and other machinery in manufacturing plants.
2. Pumps: VFDs can be used to control the flow rate of water in irrigation systems, water treatment plants, and other applications.
3. Fans: VFDs are used to control the speed of fans in HVAC systems, providing precise temperature control in buildings.

**Section 4: Advantages of VFDs**

There are several advantages to using VFDs in electrical systems:

1. Energy savings: VFDs can save energy by reducing the speed of motors when they are not operating at full capacity.
2. Improved performance: VFDs can provide precise control over motor speed and torque, improving the performance of AC motors in various applications.
3. Reduced maintenance: VFDs can reduce maintenance costs by extending the life of AC motors and reducing wear and tear on mechanical components.

**Section 5: Conclusion**

In summary, VFDs are essential components in modern electrical systems. They provide precise control over motor speed and torque, leading to improved performance and reduced energy consumption. By understanding the basic principles of VFDs and their applications, we can appreciate their importance in various industries and applications.


text: At GW: 2005 - Started all 18 games for the Colonials in 2005 ... Earned A-10 All-Championship honors after netting a hat-trick against Duquesne in the semifinals ... Second on the team with 28 goals and 37 points ... Also had nine assists and posted 23 ground balls ... Her 28 goals rank seventh all-time.. Prior to GW: Appeared in two games for the University of Maryland in 2002 and 2003 ... Sat out the 2004 season before transferring to GW.. High School: Three-time all-county selection ... Holds the Wantagh career record with more than 400 points ... High school teammate of junior Colleen Schmidt.. Personal: Annie Christine Howley ... Born April 1, 1983 in Wantagh, NY ... Daughter of Diane and Patrick Howley ... One brother, Michael (23) is the GW assistant women's lacrosse coach ... Majoring in political science.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Lacrosse

### Section 1: What is Lacrosse?
Lacrosse is a sport that requires skill, speed, and agility. It is played with a small rubber ball and a long-handled stick called a crosse. The objective of the game is to score by shooting the ball into the opponent's goal.

### Section 2: Understanding the Game
Lacrosse is divided into four quarters, each lasting for 15 minutes. The team with the most goals at the end of the game wins. Players must use their sticks to catch, carry, and pass the ball. They cannot use their hands or arms to hold the ball for more than three seconds.

### Section 3: Positions and Roles
There are three main positions in lacrosse: attack, midfield, and defense. Attack players are responsible for scoring goals, midfielders play both offense and defense, and defenders protect the goal. Each position requires different skills and strategies.

### Section 4: Lacrosse Equipment
Players wear helmets, gloves, and pads to protect themselves while playing. They also wear cleats to provide traction on the field. The goalie wears special equipment such as a helmet, chest protector, and throat guard to protect them from the ball.

### Section 5: Strategies and Tactics
Lacrosse teams use various strategies and tactics to win the game. Some of these include man-to-man defense, zone defense, fast breaks, and set plays. Players must communicate with each other and work together as a team to be successful.

### Section 6: Famous Lacrosse Players
Many famous athletes have played lacrosse, including Paul Rabil, John Grant Jr., and Jenny Levy. These players have achieved great success in the sport and have inspired many others to take up lacrosse.

### Glossary:
- Crosse: A long-handled stick used to play lacrosse
- Goal: Scoring by shooting the ball into the opponent's goal
- Quarters: Periods of play in a game
- Attack: Position responsible for scoring goals
- Midfield: Position that plays both offense and defense
- Defense: Position responsible for protecting the goal
- Helmet: Protective gear worn by players
- Gloves: Protective gear worn by players
- Pads: Protective gear worn by players
- Cleats: Shoes with spikes for traction on the field
- Goalie: Player responsible for protecting the goal

### Conclusion:
Lacrosse is an exciting and challenging sport that requires skill, speed, and agility. By understanding the game, positions, and strategies, players can improve their skills and contribute to their team's success.


text: One Sun One World One Grid Initiative. India. India recently proposed the ambitious project, One Sun One World and One Grid (OSOWOG), to set up cross border grid infrastructure to connect solar power plants across borders. The key objectives of this project are to galvanise international cooperation for large scale capacity addition of renewable energy, increase demand-side flexibility and address the variability in renewable energy supply. The project is going to be executed in phases: first, connecting the Middle East, South Asia and South-East Asian regions; extending later to the African power pools; potentially leading, during a third phase, to a global grid interconnection. Cross-border electricity trade with deregulated power markets has the potential to optimise renewable energy systems and can help reduce prices of electricity. A long-term view and commitment to developing a global grid will attract investment, manage country-specific risks, create jobs, and encourage technology development.

textbook:
Title: One Sun One World One Grid Initiative
Level: Primary School

Lesson: Introduction to Renewable Energy and Global Grid Interconnections

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Renewable energy refers to energy that comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, and water. It is called "renewable" because it can be replenished or replaced in a short time period. Solar power is one type of renewable energy that comes from the sun's rays.

## Section 2: Questions and Answers

**Question:** What is the goal of the One Sun One World and One Grid initiative?
**Answer:** The goal of the initiative is to connect solar power plants across borders to share electricity and reduce costs.

**Question:** How does renewable energy help us?
**Answer:** Renewable energy helps us by providing clean and sustainable sources of electricity that do not harm the environment.

## Section 3: Definitions and Purpose

Global grid interconnection refers to the process of connecting different power grids around the world to share electricity. This can help reduce costs and increase access to electricity in areas that do not have enough power sources.

## Section 4: Practical Examples

India recently proposed the One Sun One World and One Grid initiative to connect solar power plants across borders. This would allow countries to share electricity and reduce costs. For example, if a country has too much solar power during the day, it could sell excess electricity to neighboring countries.

## Section 5: Real-World Scenarios

Imagine that you are a country that has just started using renewable energy sources. You want to connect your solar power plants to other countries to share electricity and reduce costs. How would you go about doing this?

First, you would need to find countries that are willing to participate in the global grid interconnection. Next, you would need to work with engineers and scientists to figure out how to connect the power grids together. Finally, you would need to make sure that the technology used for the interconnection is safe and reliable.

## Glossary

- Renewable energy: Energy that comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, and water.
- Solar power: Electricity generated from the sun's rays.
- Global grid interconnection: The process of connecting different power grids around the world to share electricity.

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the One Sun One World and One Grid initiative and how it aims to connect solar power plants across borders. We also learned about renewable energy and how it can help us. Finally, we explored practical examples and real-world scenarios related to global grid interconnection. By understanding these concepts, we can apply them to new problems and contribute to a more sustainable future.


text: Traffic Engineering Control (TEC). In the current issue. Cover story: About one in 12 UK road deaths arises from hitting a tree in a single vehicle accident but because tree felling is a thorny issue the casualty rate has never been addressed in a concerted manner. With a new drive to reduce road deaths over the next 20 years, the issue is likely to become more pressing, if not less contentious.. Other top features: Martin Wylie of Southampton ROMANSE sets out one authority's approach to defining the traffic management metrics relating to the movement of traffic. Brian Hunt looks at how data from the NTCC can be tailored to the requirements of the user and we have an update on the Sentience project which uses electronic horizon information to improve the efficiency of vehicle systems.. Letter from the editor. Traffic Engineering & Control (TEC) celebrates its 50th birthday this year.. The.. ContactCarol Debell. Tel: +44 (0) 1935 816030. Website:

textbook:
Lesson: Traffic Management Metrics

Introduction:
Traffic management is the process of controlling and directing the flow of vehicles on roads to ensure safety, efficiency, and convenience. It involves the use of various techniques such as traffic signals, speed limits, and road design to manage traffic flow. In this lesson, we will learn about traffic management metrics, which are measures used to evaluate the effectiveness of traffic management strategies.

Section 1: What are Traffic Management Metrics?
Traffic management metrics are measures used to evaluate the effectiveness of traffic management strategies. They help to determine whether the strategies being used are achieving their intended goals, such as reducing accidents, improving traffic flow, and minimizing congestion. Some common traffic management metrics include:

1. Average speed: This measures the average speed of vehicles on a road segment. A lower average speed indicates that traffic is moving slower, while a higher average speed indicates faster traffic flow.

2. Travel time: This measures the time it takes for a vehicle to travel between two points on a road. Longer travel times indicate congested roads, while shorter travel times indicate smoother traffic flow.

3. Traffic volume: This measures the number of vehicles using a road at a given time. Higher traffic volumes can lead to congestion and longer travel times, while lower volumes can result in smoother traffic flow.

4. Accident rates: This measures the number of accidents per mile or kilometer traveled. Higher accident rates indicate a greater need for traffic management strategies to improve safety.

Section 2: How are Traffic Management Metrics Used?
Traffic management metrics are used by transportation planners and engineers to evaluate the effectiveness of traffic management strategies. By collecting data on these metrics, they can determine whether a particular strategy is working or whether changes are needed. For example, if average speeds are consistently low on a certain road, it may be necessary to add traffic signals or adjust speed limits to improve traffic flow.

Section 3: Real-World Examples
Let's consider a real-world example. Suppose there is a busy intersection in a city with a high accident rate. Traffic engineers decide to install a traffic signal at the intersection to improve safety. After the signal is installed, they measure the average speed of vehicles before and after the installation. They find that the average speed has decreased, indicating that the signal is successful in slowing down traffic and reducing accidents.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about traffic management metrics, which are measures used to evaluate the effectiveness of traffic management strategies. We also learned how these metrics are used by transportation planners and engineers to improve traffic flow and safety. By understanding these metrics, we can make informed decisions about how to manage traffic more effectively.

Glossary:
- Traffic management: The process of controlling and directing the flow of vehicles on roads to ensure safety, efficiency, and convenience.
- Traffic management metrics: Measures used to evaluate the effectiveness of traffic management strategies.
- Average speed: The average speed of vehicles on a road segment.
- Travel time: The time it takes for a vehicle to travel between two points on a road.
- Traffic volume: The number of vehicles using a road at a given time.
- Accident rates: The number of accidents per mile or kilometer traveled.


text:
|

Stories from the lives of athletes, all pressing toward the goal found in John 3:30; “He must increase, but I must decrease”

Matt E Diaz

Matt E is a former professional outfielder. While in the Major Leagues, Matt E played with the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, the Kansas City Royals, the Atlanta Braves, the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Miami Marlins.

Q&A

What effect does your faith have on your lifestyle?

My faith in a loving God who wants me as His son has affected every aspect of my life.
Faith has given me alternative motivations and eliminated a lot of my insecurities. I work differently, I parent differently, I husband differently, I just live differently. If I truly believe what I say I believe, no area of my life can be the same. It is a daily battle to live this faith, but it is one well worth fighting.

Describe how your Journey with Christ began.

Most would consider me a “lifer” but that wouldn’t be entirely true. I did grow up in a great Christian household, but it wasn’t until I left for college that my relationship with Christ became personal. Alone in a college apartment during my freshman year, the Bible became alive to me—It finally made sense to me. My faith in Christ was no longer something I wanted to “do” to please my parents, Christianity became something I wanted to “be”.

Who have been the mentors in your life? How did God bring these people into your life?

There are so many mentors in my life. God has placed different people in my life at precise times to grab ahold of my heart in new ways. One of those people has always been my older brother Zach. He was in college with me at Florida State when I needed a mentor the most, and has been involved in nearly every important area of my life since birth.

What does the Increase of Christ mean to you?

Now that I am a Christian, my desire to know Christ more cannot stop at salvation. The more Jesus increases in my life, the more real He becomes, the more amazing His life while on earth becomes, and the more holy His standard becomes. As His standard becomes more holy, my inability to live up to that standard becomes more glaring. Each day as Christ increases and I decrease, my need for a savior becomes more real and the cross becomes huge!

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to the Christian Faith

### Section 1: What is the Christian Faith?
The Christian faith is based on the belief that Jesus Christ is the Son of God and that he died for the sins of humanity. Christians believe that by accepting Jesus as their savior and following his teachings, they can have eternal life and be forgiven of their sins.

### Section 2: Who is Jesus Christ?
Jesus Christ is the central figure of the Christian faith. He is believed to be the son of God and the messiah (or savior) who was sent to Earth to save humanity from their sins. Christians believe that Jesus was born of a virgin, lived a sinless life, performed miracles, and was crucified and resurrected from the dead before ascending back to heaven.

### Section 3: What are the core teachings of the Christian faith?
The core teachings of the Christian faith are summarized in the Ten Commandments and the Beatitudes. The Ten Commandments are a set of moral principles that Christians are expected to follow, while the Beatitudes are a set of principles that describe the character of a person who is living a Christian life.

### Section 4: How do Christians practice their faith?
Christians practice their faith by attending church services, reading the Bible, praying, and participating in acts of charity and service. Many Christians also participate in religious rituals such as baptism and communion.

### Section 5: Why is the Christian faith important?
The Christian faith is important because it provides a framework for living a meaningful and purposeful life. It offers guidance and support for dealing with the challenges of life, and it provides a sense of community and belonging. The Christian faith also teaches that there is hope and forgiveness for those who seek it, and that eternal life is available to those who accept Jesus as their savior.

### Glossary:
- Ten Commandments: A set of moral principles that Christians are expected to follow
- Beatitudes: A set of principles that describe the character of a person who is living a Christian life
- Baptism: A religious ritual that symbolizes the cleansing of sin and the start of a new life in Christ
- Communion: A religious ritual that commemorates the last supper of Jesus and his disciples

### Conclusion:
The Christian faith is an important part of many people's lives. By following the teachings of Jesus Christ and living a life of faith, Christians can find meaning and purpose in their lives. Whether you are just beginning to explore the Christian faith or have been a practicing Christian for many years, there is always more to learn and discover.


text:
Targeted treatment of choroidal neovascularization using integrin-mediated sterically stabilized liposomes loaded with combretastatin A4.
The objective of this study was to develop an efficient vasculature-targeted liposomal combretastatin A4 (CA4), by the modification of the sterically stabilized liposomes (SSL) with a ligand of integrins and to explore the possibility of such system for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). CA4-loaded liposomes were prepared by thin-film dispersion method. The linear arginine-glycine-aspartic acid tripeptide (RGD) with affinity for integrins such as alphavbeta3 expressed on rapidly proliferative vascular endothelial cells was coupled to the distal end of polyethylene glycol (PEG) connected on the surface of SSL. The liposome delivery system was characterized in terms of size and size distribution profiles by dynamic light scattering method, entrapment efficiency, and leakage properties by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The uptake efficiency by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was evaluated by confocal microscopy. The therapeutic efficacy was quantitatively assessed by choroidal flat mounts. CA4-loaded RGD-SSL (RGD-SSL-CA4) was obtained with an entrapment efficiency over 70% and an average diameter of approximately 120 nm. The leakage property of RGD-SSL-CA4 was similar with SSL-CA4, both were slower than CA4 ethanol solution. Confocal microscopy studies revealed that RGD-SSL could facilitate the liposomes' uptake into HUVECs. Rats treated with two intravenous injections of 7 mg/kg RGD-SSL-CA4 resulted in a significant reduction in the area of CNV compared with control group (P < 0.05). RGD-modified SSL loaded with CA4 can be successfully prepared, and the vasculature-targeted liposome system would increase the uptake of HUVECs and improve the therapeutic efficacy of CA4 on CNV compared with the control formulations.

textbook:
Lesson: Targeted Drug Delivery Using Liposomes

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about targeted drug delivery using liposomes. Liposomes are small, spherical vesicles made of phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. They can be used to deliver drugs specifically to the site of action, reducing side effects and improving drug efficacy.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is understanding the process of targeted drug delivery using liposomes and its application in treating choroidal neovascularization.

Section 1: Introduction to Liposomes

Topic 1: What are liposomes?
Liposomes are small, spherical vesicles made of phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. They are used as drug carriers in targeted drug delivery systems.

Topic 2: How do liposomes work?
Liposomes can be functionalized with targeting ligands that recognize specific receptors on the surface of target cells. Once bound to the target cells, the liposome releases its drug payload, which then exerts its therapeutic effect.

Section 2: Preparation of Liposomes

Topic 1: How are liposomes prepared?
Liposomes can be prepared using various methods, such as the thin-film hydration method, the extrusion method, and the solvent evaporation method. The choice of method depends on the desired properties of the liposome, such as size, drug loading capacity, and stability.

Topic 2: What is the role of PEGylation in liposome preparation?
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) can be attached to the surface of liposomes through a linker, such as a poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(caprolactone) diblock copolymer. This process, known as PEGylation, improves the stability and circulation time of liposomes in the bloodstream.

Section 3: Targeting Choroidal Neovascularization

Topic 1: What is choroidal neovascularization?
Choroidal neovascularization is the formation of new blood vessels in the choroid layer of the eye, which can lead to vision loss. It is commonly associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Topic 2: How can liposomes target choroidal neovascularization?
Liposomes can be functionalized with a targeting ligand, such as RGD, which binds specifically to integrins expressed on the surface of rapidly proliferative vascular endothelial cells involved in choroidal neovascularization. This allows for selective delivery of the drug to the affected area, minimizing side effects and improving drug efficacy.

Section 4: Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about targeted drug delivery using liposomes and their potential application in treating choroidal neovascularization. We discussed the preparation of liposomes, their functionalization with targeting ligands, and the benefits of PEGylation. Finally, we explored how liposomes can be used to selectively deliver drugs to choroidal neovascularization, improving drug efficacy and reducing side effects.

Glossary:
- Liposome: A small, spherical vesicle made of phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs.
- PEGylation: The process of attaching polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the surface of liposomes through a linker, such as a poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(caprolactone) diblock copolymer.
- RGD: Linear arginine-glycine-aspartic acid tripeptide, which binds specifically to integrins expressed on rapidly proliferative vascular endothelial cells involved in choroidal neovascularization.
- PEO-PCL: Poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(caprolactone) diblock copolymer, which can be used as a linker for PEGylation.
- HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography, a technique used to analyze the size and size distribution profiles of liposomes.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the importance of targeted drug delivery using liposomes in treating choroidal neovascularization. By functionalizing liposomes with targeting ligands and improving their stability and circulation time through PEGylation, we can improve drug efficacy and reduce side effects. This knowledge can be applied to other areas of medicine where targeted drug delivery is necessary for optimal therapeutic outcomes.


text: DEAR DR. GOTT: I often cut out your articles and save them. Unfortunately, I have misplaced one of the most important ones for my well-being. It concerned a natural recipe for bowel regularity. It contained three ingredients, two of which were applesauce and prune juice. The third component is as much a mystery as is the exact amount of each.. DEAR READER: The three ingredients, known as a colon cocktail, are applesauce, prune juice and unprocessed bran. Mix equal portions in a small bowl, and refrigerate for at least one hour to blend. Then take 1 to 2 tablespoons or more, if needed, each day for relief. Refrigerate any unused portions in a sealed container. The remedy may take up to two weeks to be fully effective.. [Read more...]

textbook:
Lesson: How to Make a Colon Cocktail for Bowel Regularity

## Section 1: Introduction

The colon cocktail is a natural remedy for improving bowel regularity. It contains three ingredients: applesauce, prune juice, and unprocessed bran. In this lesson, we will learn how to make a colon cocktail, its benefits, and how to use it effectively.

## Section 2: How to Make a Colon Cocktail

To make a colon cocktail, you need the following ingredients:

- 1/3 cup applesauce
- 1/3 cup prune juice
- 1/3 cup unprocessed bran

Follow these steps to prepare the colon cocktail:

1. In a small bowl, mix equal portions of applesauce, prune juice, and unprocessed bran.
2. Refrigerate the mixture for at least one hour to blend the ingredients.
3. Take 1 to 2 tablespoons of the mixture, or more if needed, each day for relief.
4. Refrigerate any unused portions in a sealed container.

## Section 3: Benefits of a Colon Cocktail

The colon cocktail is beneficial for improving bowel regularity and overall digestive health. Here are some benefits of using a colon cocktail:

- Helps relieve constipation and promote regular bowel movements.
- Contains fiber, which helps cleanse the colon and prevent waste buildup.
- Contains natural laxatives that stimulate the bowels and promote bowel movements.
- Is a natural and safe alternative to over-the-counter laxatives.

## Section 4: Using a Colon Cocktail

To get the most benefits from a colon cocktail, follow these tips:

- Take the mixture consistently every day for at least two weeks to see results.
- Start with a smaller dose (1 tablespoon) and gradually increase to 2 tablespoons if needed.
- Drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration and to help move the mixture through your system.
- Be patient, as it may take up to two weeks for the colon cocktail to work effectively.

## Section 5: Conclusion

In conclusion, making a colon cocktail is an easy and natural way to improve bowel regularity and overall digestive health. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can create a simple recipe that works to relieve constipation and promote regular bowel movements. Remember to use the mixture consistently and gradually increase the dosage to see the best results.


text: “They (underground militant groups to fight against India in Kashmir) were indeed formed," the military ruler told German magazine Der Spiegel.. When asked on what was the need for training militants against India, Musharaff charged the Nawaz Sharif government of showing apathy towards the Kashmir cause.. “The (Nawaz Sharif) government turned a blind eye because they wanted India to discuss Kashmir," he said.. Defending the militancy and violence including Kargil intrusion, Musharaff said, “Yes, it is the right of any country to promote its own interests... when India is not prepared to discuss Kashmir at the United Nations and is not prepared to resolve the dispute in a peaceful manner.". OneIndia News

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Conflict in Kashmir

Introduction:
Kashmir is a region in South Asia that is administered by three countries: India, Pakistan, and China. The conflict in Kashmir dates back to 1947 when India gained independence from British rule. India and Pakistan each administer part of the territory, while China controls a third of it. The conflict has led to several wars between India and Pakistan, as well as internal strife within the region. In this lesson, we will explore the history of the conflict, the role of underground militant groups, and the current situation in Kashmir.

Section 1: History of the Conflict

The conflict in Kashmir can be traced back to the partition of India in 1947. At that time, the region was ruled by a Hindu maharaja who decided to join India rather than Pakistan. This decision led to widespread protests and violence, which resulted in the deployment of Indian troops to the region.

In 1989, a popular uprising against Indian rule began in Kashmir, which was followed by an influx of armed militants from Pakistan. These militants were trained by the Pakistani government and were supported by some segments of the Kashmiri population.

Section 2: Role of Underground Militant Groups

Underground militant groups have played a significant role in the conflict in Kashmir. They have been responsible for carrying out attacks on Indian security forces and civilians. The Indian government has accused Pakistan of supporting these groups and providing them with training and resources.

However, some Kashmiris see these militant groups as freedom fighters who are fighting against Indian occupation. They argue that the Indian government's crackdown on militancy has led to human rights abuses and that the militants are fighting for their right to self-determination.

Section 3: Current Situation in Kashmir

Since 2019, the Indian government has revoked the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, which was previously granted under Article 370 of the Indian constitution. This move has been criticized by Pakistan and some human rights organizations as an attempt to change the demographic makeup of the region.

The Indian government has also imposed strict security measures in the region, including the deployment of additional troops and the restriction of internet access. These measures have led to widespread protests and criticism from human rights organizations.

Conclusion:

The conflict in Kashmir is a complex issue that has been going on for decades. It involves competing claims from India and Pakistan, as well as internal strife within the region. Understanding the role of underground militant groups and their impact on the conflict is essential for anyone interested in finding a solution to the problem. By examining the historical background, current situation, and potential solutions, we can gain a better understanding of the conflict and its implications for the region and the world.


text: Marite and Thomas called me one afternoon to set up a time to do an engagement shoot. They had recently gotten engaged and were excited to have photos taken to share with their friends and family. In the past, I haven't put much thought into how important an engagement session can be for both the engaged couple and their photographer. Looking back at "e-sessions" I've done I felt much closer to the couple on their wedding day. Sometimes you just click with someone and your personalities match. Each time I do an engagement session I am learning more about my clients. Engagement sessions allow for us to work together as a team. I think it's really important to get to know the players on your team before the big game day (otherwise known as wedding day.) I had a lot of fun shooting Marite and Thomas' engagement session and by the end of the session they were all smiles too. Here are some of my favorites..

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Engagement Sessions for Photographers

Introduction:
As a photographer, it is essential to understand the importance of engagement sessions for both the couple and the photographer. Engagement sessions provide an opportunity for the couple to get to know the photographer and vice versa, allowing for a more comfortable and relaxed atmosphere during the wedding day. This lesson will explore the reasons why engagement sessions are crucial for both the couple and the photographer.

Section 1: Why Engagement Sessions are Important for Couples

Topic 1: Building Trust and Comfort
Engagement sessions help couples build trust and comfort with their photographer. By meeting and working with the photographer before the wedding day, couples can feel more at ease and confident in their ability to capture their special moments.

Topic 2: Previewing Photos and Style
Engagement sessions allow couples to see the photographer's style and get an idea of what their photos will look like. This helps them make any necessary adjustments or changes before the wedding day, ensuring that they are completely satisfied with the final product.

Section 2: Why Engagement Sessions are Important for Photographers

Topic 1: Getting to Know the Couple
Engagement sessions give photographers the opportunity to get to know the couple and their personalities. This allows for a more natural and authentic interaction during the wedding day, resulting in more genuine and emotional photos.

Topic 2: Understanding the Couple's Vision
By working with couples during engagement sessions, photographers can better understand the couple's vision for their wedding photos. This information is crucial in helping the photographer capture the perfect shots that the couple envisions.

Section 3: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios

Example 1: A photographer who has done an engagement session with a couple will feel more comfortable and confident during the wedding day. They will already know the couple's preferences and style, making it easier to anticipate their needs and capture the perfect moments.

Real-World Scenario: If a couple has never met their photographer before, they may feel nervous or uncomfortable on their wedding day. However, if they have already done an engagement session, they will feel more relaxed and confident in their ability to work with the photographer, resulting in more natural and genuine photos.

Conclusion:
Engagement sessions are crucial for both couples and photographers. They provide an opportunity for the couple to build trust and comfort with their photographer, as well as for the photographer to understand the couple's vision and preferences. By doing an engagement session, couples can feel more relaxed and confident on their wedding day, resulting in more natural and emotional photos. As a photographer, understanding the couple's vision and getting to know their personalities allows for a more authentic interaction, capturing the perfect moments that the couple envisions.

Glossary:
- Engagement Session: A photo shoot done before the wedding day, allowing the couple and photographer to get to know each other and build trust.
- Wedding Day: The day when the couple gets married and exchanges vows.
- Photographer: A professional who takes photos, especially for publications or events.

Self-Debating Discussion:
Why do you think engagement sessions are important for both couples and photographers? What are some benefits of doing an engagement session before the wedding day?


text: We booked into Hawthorn House for 2 nights (Fri,Sat) as we were in the area for a wedding and we wanted to be close to the venue at Caswell House.. Hawthorn House is located on the edge of Witney just opposite The Windrush Inn.. Our room, number 3 was in the front of the house. The large room was clean and very tastefully laid out and had a good sized double bed. The bed was one of the most comfortable beds we'd ever slept in. The bathroom was a squeeze but had everything you'd want.. Breakfast was served in a lovely dining room overlooking the back garden. The full English, cooked to order, was so tasty. Delicious Bacon, Eggs (from the chickens kept at the bottom of the garden) Old Spot Pork Sausages filled with Black pudding, fresh Mushrooms and Tomatoes. All this with a choice of Cereals, juices and a selection of breads.. Our hostess, Alison was wonderful and most helpful. Booking Taxi's and tables at the local pub if requested.. We would certainly stay at Hawthorn House and pay Witney a visit again.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand Reviews for Travel Accommodations

Introduction:
Reviews are an essential part of the travel planning process. They provide valuable insights into the quality of accommodations, amenities, and customer service. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand reviews for travel accommodations.

Section 1: Understanding Review Formats

Reviews come in different formats, including written text, ratings, and rankings. Written reviews provide detailed information about the accommodation, while ratings and rankings give a quick summary of the experience.

Questions:
1. What is the difference between written reviews and ratings/rankings?
2. How can you use ratings and rankings to evaluate accommodations?

Section 2: Analyzing Review Content

Once you have identified the type of review you are looking for, it is essential to analyze the content carefully. Look for specific details that can help you determine the quality of the accommodation.

Questions:
1. What kind of information should you look for in written reviews?
2. How can you use the content of written reviews to evaluate accommodations?

Section 3: Evaluating Reviews

After analyzing the content, you should evaluate the reviews to determine their credibility. Consider factors such as the reviewer's profile, the date of the review, and the number of reviews left by the user.

Questions:
1. How can you evaluate the credibility of a review?
2. What factors should you consider when evaluating reviews?

Section 4: Applying Reviews to Your Travel Planning

Once you have evaluated the reviews, you can use the information to make informed decisions about your travel accommodations. Consider factors such as the location, price, and amenities when making your decision.

Questions:
1. How can you use reviews to make informed decisions about your travel accommodations?
2. What factors should you consider when choosing accommodations based on reviews?

Conclusion:
Reading and understanding reviews for travel accommodations can help you make informed decisions about where to stay during your trip. By analyzing the content, evaluating the reviews, and considering factors such as location, price, and amenities, you can find the perfect accommodation for your needs.

Glossary:
- Review: A feedback given by a customer about a product or service.
- Ratings: A numerical value assigned to a product or service to indicate its quality.
- Rankings: A position assigned to a product or service based on its performance relative to others.

[1] Review Format - the way in which the review is presented, either in written form or through ratings and rankings.
[2] Review Content - the specific details provided in the review, such as the cleanliness of the room or the quality of the breakfast.
[3] Credibility - the trustworthiness of the review, based on factors such as the reviewer's profile and the date of the review.
[4] Travel Accommodations - a place to stay during a trip, such as a hotel, motel, or bed and breakfast.
[5] Location - the geographic area where the accommodation is located.
[6] Price - the cost of staying at the accommodation.
[7] Amenities - additional features or services provided by the accommodation, such as free Wi-Fi or a fitness center.


text:
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a gradient information calculating system capable of acquiring road gradient information, a vehicle running control system, a navigation system, and a gradient information calculating method.
2. Description of the Related Art
Vehicles, such as hybrid vehicles, which can generate electric power through regenerative braking, or the like, are able to run with high efficiency by performing driving control according to the gradients of roads. For example, the engine power is reduced and electric power is generated on downward slopes, whereas the vehicle is driven basically with the engine, with the aid of an electric motor, on upward slopes. On the basis of this concept, it is known to control the vehicle according to an energy consumption advance plan, in which the amount of energy consumed is planned in advance, based on gradient information associated with each road, so as to further improve the fuel economy.
However, a map DB (data base) stored in a navigation system contains gradient information for only a part of the roads, such as access roads to highways, and the thus limited gradient information is not sufficient for making of the energy consumption advance plan. If it is planned to acquire gradient information of all of the links (roads) through measurements, or the like, and store them in the map DB, the cost is expected to be enormous, which makes the plan impractical.
In the meantime, the navigation system calculates vehicle location information, utilizing the GPS (Global Positioning System). The GPS enables the navigation system to detect the three-dimensional location of the vehicle, and thus enables the system to detect the elevation of the vehicle. However, the accuracy of commercially available GPS radio waves is intentionally reduced, and therefore, the GPS radio waves are not suitable for detecting the elevation. Also, it is required to capture four or more GPS satellites in principle for detecting the elevation; therefore detection of the elevation is less likely to be accomplished while the vehicle is running in urban areas.
In view of the above background, there has been proposed a technology of calculating gradient information of links by using grid elevation data with a grid spacing of 50 m (meter), which is released by the Geographical Survey Institute of Japan (see, for example, Japanese Patent No. 3985622). However, it is difficult to use the grid elevation data as they are for all roads, since the grid elevation data indicate an elevation of each of sections (meshes) into which a map is divided by latitudes and longitudes in a grid pattern, regardless of the presence or absence of a road in each section. Japanese Patent No. 3985622 discloses a navigation system that estimates gradients of roads, with reference to locations (specific point data), such as bridges or tunnels, where data of elevations, gradients, etc. of the actual roads are known, and grid elevation data.
However, the navigation system of Japanese Patent No. 3985622, which uses the specific point data stored in map data and the grid elevation data, assures the accuracy of elevations only at around the specific point data, and there is a limit to the roads for which the gradients can be accurately estimated. Namely, it is difficult to acquire accurate gradient information for roads that are spaced apart from the specific point data.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Gradient Information Calculating System

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the gradient information calculating system, its applications in vehicle running control systems, navigation systems, and gradient information calculating methods. We will also explore the related art, which includes vehicles that can generate electric power through regenerative braking, and their ability to run efficiently according to the gradients of roads.

Section 1: Understanding the Gradient Information Calculating System

Topic 1: What is a Gradient Information Calculating System?
A gradient information calculating system is a device that calculates the gradient of a road. It measures the slope of the road and provides information about the steepness of the incline. This information is used in vehicle running control systems, navigation systems, and gradient information calculating methods.

Topic 2: How does a Gradient Information Calculating System work?
A gradient information calculating system works by using sensors to measure the slope of the road. These sensors can be located on the vehicle or on the navigation system. The system then processes the data collected by the sensors and provides information about the gradient of the road.

Topic 3: Applications of a Gradient Information Calculating System
The gradient information calculating system has several applications in vehicle running control systems, navigation systems, and gradient information calculating methods. In vehicle running control systems, the system helps to optimize the use of energy by adjusting the engine power and electric motor assistance according to the gradient of the road. In navigation systems, the system provides information about the steepness of the incline, allowing drivers to plan their route accordingly. In gradient information calculating methods, the system calculates the gradient of the road and uses this information to plan the amount of energy consumed in advance.

Section 2: Related Art

Topic 1: Regenerative Braking
Regenerative braking is a technology used in hybrid vehicles to generate electric power by converting the kinetic energy of the vehicle into electrical energy during braking. This electric power can then be stored in the battery and used to power the vehicle.

Topic 2: Energy Consumption Advance Plan
An energy consumption advance plan is a strategy used to optimize the use of energy in vehicles. By planning the amount of energy consumed in advance, based on gradient information associated with each road, vehicles can run more efficiently and reduce fuel consumption.

Section 3: Conclusion
In conclusion, the gradient information calculating system is a valuable tool for optimizing vehicle running control, navigation, and gradient information calculating methods. By understanding the principles behind this system and its applications, we can improve our ability to use energy efficiently and plan our routes accordingly.