text:
What Fruits to Avoid for Diabetic & Uric Acid Patients

by
JOANNE MARIE Last Updated: Aug 14, 2017

Joanne Marie

Joanne Marie began writing professionally in 1981. Her work has appeared in health, medical and scientific publications such as Endocrinology and Journal of Cell Biology. She has also published in hobbyist offerings such as The Hobstarand The Bagpiper. Marie is a certified master gardener and has a Ph.D. in anatomy from Temple University School of Medicine.

Diet is important for both diabetes and gout, two chronic metabolic diseases. In diabetes, the body has a problem managing blood glucose because insulin is too low or cells respond abnormally to insulin. As a result, blood sugar may become too high, compromising the body's energy supply. In gout, the body has a problem metabolizing purines, natural compounds found in many foods. Breakdown of purines produces uric acid, which may crystallize in joints of gout patients and cause severe pain. Both gout patients and diabetics should avoid certain foods, including some fruits that are either rich in purines or that have lots of simple sugar. Consult a doctor to determine a dietary regimen that is appropriate for you.

Bananas

Although bananas are healthy foods in general, they are not a good choice for patients with either gout or diabetes. Bananas are purine-rich, providing about 60mg of purine in a 100 g serving. Diabetics should also avoid eating bananas regularly, because they are high in the simple sugar fructose, with about 20 g in 100 g of banana. High sugar foods cause a rapid increase in blood sugar, a situation that is unhealthy for diabetic patients.

Grapes

Grapes contain significant amounts of both purines and simple sugars, making them poor dietary choices for diabetics and for patients with gout. A serving of green grapes, or 100 g, contains almost 30 mg of purines; this amount of fruit also provides 15 g of simple sugar. Patients should choose other fruits such as cantaloupe or grapefruit, which are low in both sugar and purines.

Raisins and Other Dried Fruits

Patients suffering from gout should avoid raisins since these fruits are produced from grapes, which are purine-rich fruits. Diabetics should also avoid raisins and other dried fruits such as dried apricots and figs. Drying these fruits concentrates their sugars, making them very rich in simple sugar. As a result, consuming dried fruits may cause a rapid and unhealthy rise in blood sugar in diabetic patients.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Chronic Metabolic Diseases: Diabetes and Gout

Introduction:
Chronic metabolic diseases are disorders that affect the body's ability to regulate essential functions. Two common examples are diabetes and gout. In this lesson, we will learn about these diseases, their causes, and how they can be managed through diet.

Diabetes:
Diabetes is a disease where the body cannot produce enough insulin or does not use insulin properly. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This results in little or no insulin production. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults.

Type 2 diabetes is more common and occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough of it. This type of diabetes is often associated with obesity, physical inactivity, and poor diet.

Gout:
Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis that occurs when there is too much uric acid in the blood. Uric acid is produced when the body breaks down purines, which are found in many foods. When there is too much uric acid, it forms crystals that can deposit in the joints, causing pain and swelling.

Causes:
Both diabetes and gout are caused by different factors. Type 1 diabetes is genetic and usually inherited from both parents. Type 2 diabetes is more likely to occur if there is a family history of the disease, but it can also be caused by obesity, physical inactivity, and poor diet.

Gout is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some people are more susceptible to gout because of their genes, while others may develop the condition due to lifestyle choices such as diet and exercise.

Diet:
Diet plays a crucial role in managing both diabetes and gout. For people with diabetes, it is essential to control blood sugar levels by eating a balanced diet that includes carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Carbohydrates should be chosen carefully, as they can raise blood sugar levels quickly. Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins are good sources of carbohydrates for people with diabetes.

For gout patients, it is essential to limit the intake of foods high in purines. These include red meat, seafood, organ meats, and some vegetables like peas and beans. Instead, gout patients should eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. It is also essential to stay hydrated, as water helps the body eliminate uric acid.

Conclusion:
In summary, understanding chronic metabolic diseases such as diabetes and gout is crucial for managing these conditions effectively. By following a balanced diet and avoiding certain foods, people with diabetes and gout can improve their overall health and wellbeing.


text:
#Makefile to build test case
CC      = gcc
SRC_DIR = ../../src
TEST_DIR = ../../test
INCLUDES = -I../../include -I$(TEST_DIR) -I.
DEFINES = -DBIG_ENDIAN=0 -DTEST -DBACAPP_ALL -DTEST_LOAD_CONTROL

CFLAGS  = -Wall $(INCLUDES) $(DEFINES) -g

SRCS = lc.c ao.c \
	$(SRC_DIR)/bacdcode.c \
	$(SRC_DIR)/bacint.c \
	$(SRC_DIR)/bacstr.c \
	$(SRC_DIR)/bacreal.c \
	$(SRC_DIR)/datetime.c \
	$(SRC_DIR)/bacapp.c \
	$(SRC_DIR)/bactext.c \
	$(SRC_DIR)/indtext.c \
	$(SRC_DIR)/proplist.c \
	$(SRC_DIR)/lighting.c \
	$(TEST_DIR)/ctest.c

TARGET = load_control

all: ${TARGET}

OBJS = ${SRCS:.c=.o}

${TARGET}: ${OBJS}
	${CC} -o $@ ${OBJS}

.c.o:
	${CC} -c ${CFLAGS} $*.c -o $@

depend:
	rm -f .depend
	${CC} -MM ${CFLAGS} *.c >> .depend

clean:
	rm -rf core ${TARGET} $(OBJS)

include: .depend

source: minipile

textbook:
# Lesson: Makefile Basics

## Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about Makefiles, which are files used by the make utility to manage the process of compiling and linking software components. Makefiles are commonly used in software development projects to automate the process of building and testing programs.

## Section 2: Understanding Makefiles
A Makefile typically contains a list of rules that define how to build a target program from its sources. Each rule specifies a dependency on one or more prerequisite files, which are other files that must be updated before the target program can be built. The make utility uses these rules to determine which files need to be rebuilt and in what order they should be compiled.

## Section 3: Creating a Simple Makefile
Here's an example of a simple Makefile that builds a program called "test" from its source code:

```
# Makefile
CC      = gcc
SRC_DIR = src
TEST_DIR = test
INCLUDES = -I$(TEST_DIR) -I.
DEFINES = -DBIG_ENDIAN=0 -DTEST -DBACAPP_ALL -DTEST_LOAD_CONTROL

CFLAGS  = -Wall $(INCLUDES) $(DEFINES) -g

SRCS = lc.c ao.c \
	$(SRC_DIR)/bacdcode.c \
	$(SRC_DIR)/bacint.c \
	$(SRC_DIR)/bacstr.c \
	$(SRC_DIR)/bacreal.c \
	$(SRC_DIR)/datetime.c \
	$(SRC_DIR)/bacapp.c \
	$(SRC_DIR)/bactext.c \
	$(SRC_DIR)/indtext.c \
	$(SRC_DIR)/proplist.c \
	$(SRC_DIR)/lighting.c \
	$(TEST_DIR)/ctest.c

TARGET = test

all: ${TARGET}

OBJS = ${SRCS:.c=.o}

${TARGET}: ${OBJS}
	${CC} -o $@ ${OBJS}

.c.o:
	${CC} -c ${CFLAGS} $*.c -o $@

depend:
	rm -f .depend
	${CC} -MM ${CFLAGS} *.c >> .depend

clean:
	rm -rf core ${TARGET} $(OBJS)

include: .depend
```

This Makefile defines a target program called "test", which is built from several source files in the SRC_DIR and TEST_DIR directories. The CFLAGS variable specifies the flags to use when compiling the source code, and the DEFINES variable sets various definitions and preprocessor symbols to use during compilation.

## Section 4: Building the Program
To build the program, you would run the make command in the directory where the Makefile is located:

```
$ make
```

This would cause the make utility to read the Makefile, determine which files need to be rebuilt, and then execute the appropriate rules to build the target program.

## Section 5: Practical Examples
Here's an example of how you might use this Makefile to build the program:

```
$ make
gcc -Wall -I. -Itest -I. -g -c lc.c ao.c bacdcode.c bacint.c bacstr.c bacreal.c datetime.c bacapp.c bactext.c indtext.c proplist.c lighting.c ctest.c -o lc.o ao.o bacdcode.o bacint.o bacstr.o bacreal.o datetime.o bacapp.o bactext.o indtext.o proplist.o lighting.o ctest.o
gcc -Wall -I. -Itest -I. -g -c -MD -MF .depend bacdcode.c bacint.c bacstr.c bacreal.c datetime.c bacapp.c bactext.c indtext.c proplist.c lighting.c ctest.c
gcc -Wall -I. -Itest -I. -g -c -MD -MF .depend lc.c ao.c bacdcode.c bacint.c bacstr.c bacreal.c datetime.c bacapp.c bactext.c indtext.c proplist.c lighting.c ctest.c
gcc -Wall -I. -Itest -I. -g -c -MD -MF .depend lc.o ao.o bacdcode.o bacint.o bacstr.o bacreal.o datetime.o bacapp.o bactext.o indtext.o proplist.o lighting.o ctest.o -o test
```

This output shows that the make command has compiled the source code and created several object files. It has also generated a makefile dependency file called ".depend", which tracks which files need to be rebuilt next time the Makefile is used.

## Section 6: Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about Makefiles and how they are used to automate the process of building and testing programs. We also learned how to create a simple Makefile and how to use it to build a program. By understanding the basics of Makefiles, we can save time and effort when developing software projects.


text:
Resources tax to pay for superannuation, and small business concessions and company tax cut

In the first wave of a 10 year agenda the Government proposes to introduce a Resources Super Profits Tax to fund concessions for company and small business taxes, and superannuation. Other proposals being considered by the Government include making tax time simpler and improving incentives to save. The Government has also announced the recommendations which they have specifically rejected and will not implement at any stage.

Company tax rate reduced
In response to the Henry Report recommendation to reduce the company tax rate to 25%, the Government has proposed the company tax rate be reduced from 30% to 28% in two stages starting from July 2013. However, for eligible small business companies the 28% rate will apply from 1 July 2012. The rates will occur in two stages as follows:

Income year

Normal company tax rate

Small business rate

2011-12 (i.e. current tax rate)

30%

30%

2012-13

30%

28%

2013-14

29%

28%

2014-15

28%

28%

The reduction in the company tax rate will be funded through the introduction of the proposed Resources Super Profits Tax.

At this stage the Government has not indicated what companies will qualify as "eligible small business entities", however they are expected to consult on the implementation details of this measure before preparing exposure draft legislation.

Small business immediate asset write-off

The existing capital allowance deductions available for small businesses will be expanded. From 1 July 2012, small businesses will be allowed:

an immediate deduction for assets valued at less than $5,000 (currently $1,000); and

a deduction for all other assets valued at $5,000 or more (except buildings) by including them in a single depreciation pool at a rate of 30% per annum. Currently, assets can be allocated to two different pools according to their effective life – i.e. a general pool at a diminishing value rate of 30% per annum or a long-life pool at a diminishing rate of 5% per annum.

Superannuation changes

Super guarantee rate increase

Despite no specific recommendation about the super guarantee rate in the Henry Report, the Government is proposing to gradually increase the rate from 9% to 12%, phasing the increase in from 1 July 2013. This will be achieved by increasing the percentage by 0.25% per year in the first two years and 0.5% thereafter.

Super guarantee increases

Year commencing

Super guarantee rate

1 July 2012 (i.e. current rate)

9%

1 July 2013

9.25%

1 July 2014

9.5%

1 July 2015

10%

1 July 2016

10.5%

1 July 2017

11%

1 July 2018

11.5%

1 July 2019

12%

Super guarantee age limit raised

In line with the Committee's recommendation, the Government is proposing to increase the super guarantee age limit from 70 to 75, with effect from 1 July 2013. Consequently, contributions will need to be made up until an employee turns 75 years of age.

Currently, the super guarantee only apples to people aged up to 70 years but employers can make voluntary deductible contributions for employees under the age of 75. Self-employed people can make deductible contributions until the age of 75.

Concessional contributions caps to continue

From 1 July 2012 onwards, individuals aged 50 and over with total superannuation balances below $500,000 will be able to make up to $50,000 in concessional super contributions. This extends the $50,000 cap that was due to expire on 30 June 2012 and doubles the cap of $25,000 which is scheduled to apply from 1 July 2012.

Individuals under 75 years of age will still be able to make non-concessional super contributions up to $150,000 per year. Individuals under 65 years of age can also bring forward two years' worth of non-concessional contributions, allowing them to contribute up to $450,000 of non-concessional contributions in any three-year period.

$500 Government super contributions From 1 July 2012 the Government will provide a super contribution of up to $500 annually for individuals earning up to $37,000. The amount will be paid into the individual's super fund. The amount payable will be calculated by applying a 15% matching rate to the concessional contributions made by or for the individual. This means concessional contributions made from 1 July 2012 will be eligible for the first Government contribution to be paid in 2013-14.

Currently all concessional super contributions are taxable in the fund at a flat rate of 15%. This measure ensures no tax will be paid on super guarantee contributions for individuals with incomes up to $37,000 in the 2012-13 year.

Resource Super Profits Tax introduced

To fund the above concessions the Government will implement the Committee's proposal to introduce increased taxation for the resources sector.

Resource Super Profits Tax (RSPT)

The Government proposes to introduce on 1 July 2012 a Resource Super Profits Tax at the rate of 40% on profits made from the exploration of Australia's non-renewable resources. The RSPT will apply to all legal entities including companies, partnerships and trusts.

The announcement to introduce a RSPT is generally consistent with the recommendations of the Committee. The RSPT will be imposed at 40% on a taxable amount derived after taking into account extraction costs and an appropriate recoupment of capital investment (proposed to be the 10 year bond rate).

Credit for State Royalties

Where State based royalties are paid the taxpayer will be entitled to a refundable credit for the State royalties, but it will be capped to the current royalty rate, including scheduled increases.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Taxation

### Section 1: What is Taxation?
Taxation is the process by which governments raise revenue to fund public services and programs. It is a compulsory payment that individuals and businesses must make to the government based on their income or consumption.

### Section 2: Types of Taxes
There are several types of taxes, including income tax, sales tax, property tax, and corporate tax. In this lesson, we will focus on income tax and sales tax.

### Section 3: How does Taxation work?
Income tax is a direct tax that is paid on the income earned by individuals and businesses. The amount of income tax owed is calculated based on the taxpayer's income and deductions. Sales tax, on the other hand, is an indirect tax that is imposed on the purchase of goods and services. The amount of sales tax owed is calculated based on the value of the goods or services purchased.

### Section 4: Why do we need Taxation?
Taxation is necessary for governments to provide essential public services and programs such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure. These services benefit society as a whole and are not provided by the private sector.

### Section 5: How is Taxation collected?
Taxes are collected by the government through various means, including income tax returns, payroll deductions, and sales tax collections.

### Section 6: Critical Thinking Questions
1. Should governments use taxation as their primary source of funding for public services and programs?
2. How does taxation affect the economy?
3. Is it fair for some individuals and businesses to pay more taxes than others?

### Glossary
- Income: The money earned by individuals and businesses from their employment or investments.
- Deductions: Expenses that can be subtracted from income to reduce the amount of tax owed.
- Sales tax: A tax imposed on the purchase of goods and services.
- Public services: Services provided by the government to benefit all citizens, such as healthcare and education.
- Programs: Specific initiatives or projects implemented by the government to address specific issues or needs.

### Conclusion
Taxation is an essential tool used by governments to fund public services and programs. By understanding how taxation works, we can better appreciate the role it plays in our society and the importance of contributing to it.


text: 4 Flute M42 8% Cobalt Single End Mill. Brand: T&O. Size: 1-7/8". No. of Flutes: 6. Length of Cut: 2". - For milling the abrasive high strength and heat resistant exotic metals.. - For cutting difficult and abrasive materials, ranging from medium to the highest hardness level machinable by high speed steel.. Applications. - The 8% cobalt content ensures high edge hardness at elevated temperature levels.. - Higher speeds & increased feeds.. - Great abrasive resistance.. - Longer tool life than ordinary high speed steel.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
**Lesson: Introduction to Materials Science**

**Objective:** To introduce students to the study of materials science, including the properties of different materials and their applications.

**Section 1: Properties of Materials**

Materials science is the study of how different materials behave under various conditions. This includes their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. In this section, we will explore some of these properties and how they relate to the use of materials in different industries.

**Topic 1: Hardness**

Hardness is a measure of a material's ability to withstand scratching or deformation. It is an important property in materials science because it determines how well a material can perform under pressure. We will learn about different types of hardness tests and how they are used to evaluate materials.

**Topic 2: Strength**

Strength is another important property in materials science. It refers to a material's ability to withstand breaking or fracturing under stress. We will learn about different types of strength tests and how they are used to evaluate materials.

**Topic 3: Ductility**

Ductility is the ability of a material to deform under stress without breaking. It is an important property in materials science because it allows materials to be shaped into different forms without breaking. We will learn about different types of ductility tests and how they are used to evaluate materials.

**Section 2: Types of Materials**

There are many different types of materials used in various industries. In this section, we will explore some of these materials and their properties.

**Topic 1: Metals**

Metals are materials that are usually hard and have a high melting point. They are often used in construction, engineering, and manufacturing. We will learn about different types of metals, their properties, and their applications.

**Topic 2: Ceramics**

Ceramics are materials that are usually hard and brittle. They are often used in the production of pottery, tiles, and other items. We will learn about different types of ceramics, their properties, and their applications.

**Topic 3: Polymers**

Polymers are materials that are made up of long chains of repeating units. They are often used in the production of plastics, fibers, and other items. We will learn about different types of polymers, their properties, and their applications.

**Section 3: Applications of Materials Science**

Materials science has many applications in different industries. In this section, we will explore some of these applications and how materials science is used to improve products and processes.

**Topic 1: Aerospace**

The aerospace industry uses materials science to design and produce aircraft, rockets, and other vehicles. We will learn about different materials used in aerospace applications and how they are used to improve performance and safety.

**Topic 2: Automotive**

The automotive industry uses materials science to design and produce cars, trucks, and other vehicles. We will learn about different materials used in automotive applications and how they are used to improve fuel efficiency, safety, and performance.

**Topic 3: Construction**

The construction industry uses materials science to design and produce buildings, bridges, and other structures. We will learn about different materials used in construction applications and how they are used to improve durability, strength, and energy efficiency.

**Conclusion**

Materials science is a fascinating field that involves the study of how different materials behave under various conditions. By understanding the properties of materials and their applications, we can improve products and processes in many industries. Throughout this lesson, we have explored some of the key concepts and applications of materials science. As you continue to learn more about this field, you will be able to apply your knowledge to new problems and challenges.


text: Black Dog Bleeding. Download and read online Black Dog Bleeding in PDF and EPUB The story of one man's journey to hell. Hell does have a name.Robben Island. This story, though fictional, is based on, and honors, the life - and death - of Stephen Biko. It is 1977, Johannesburg, South Africa. Some cruelly and sadistically wielded power meant to scourge, some broke under its weight, while some remained unbent, immovable under it, resolute of spirit, and ultimately, tragically, indomitable. This is the story of such a man.The story of Stephen Biko, though familiar to many, is a tragedy beyond what any man, any person should ever have to endure.. Understanding it just might.

textbook:
**Lesson: The Story of Stephen Biko**

**Introduction**

In this lesson, we will learn about the life and death of Stephen Biko, a South African anti-apartheid activist who fought against the oppressive system of apartheid. We will explore his background, beliefs, and the events that led to his tragic death.

**Section 1: Background**

Stephen Bantu Biko was born on December 18, 1946, in King William's Town, South Africa. He was a member of the Xhosa people and grew up in a Christian family. Biko was an intelligent student and excelled in school, but he became disillusioned with the education system when he realized that it was designed to perpetuate white supremacy and maintain the status quo.

**Section 2: Beliefs and Activism**

Biko became involved in the anti-apartheid movement while studying at the University of Natal. He founded the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) in 1969, which aimed to empower black people and promote their rights and dignity. The BCM advocated for black pride and self-respect, and it challenged the idea that black people were inferior to whites.

Biko believed that black people needed to take control of their own destiny and reject the idea that they were inferior to whites. He argued that black people needed to become conscious of their identity and their history in order to overcome the psychological effects of apartheid.

**Section 3: Death and Legacy**

On September 12, 1977, Biko was arrested by the South African police and taken to a prison in Port Elizabeth. He was interrogated and tortured for several days before being taken to a hospital, where he died from brain damage and a broken neck. His death caused international outrage and helped to bring attention to the atrocities of apartheid.

Biko's legacy lives on today through the many organizations and movements that continue to fight for human rights and equality. His vision of a united and empowered black community has inspired generations of activists and continues to inspire people around the world.

**Conclusion**

Stephen Biko's life and death are a powerful reminder of the importance of standing up for what is right and fighting against injustice. His legacy serves as a testament to the power of individual action and the impact that one person can have on the world. By studying his life and work, we can gain a deeper understanding of the struggles faced by black people during apartheid and the importance of continuing to fight for equality and justice today.


text: What is the Daily Chicken?. A photo a day of my three chickens: Dolly, Sally, and Blackbird.. Although they’re awfully cute, the chickens were not the primary inspiration for this project. For that I have to thank my two friends, Teresa Boardman and Mykl Roventine who shoot their own daily photos. Teresa shoots the same thing daily for a month while Mykl chooses something new everyday.. My Rules. Each photo must have something to do with my chickens. In other words, you might see birds, eggs, poop, or their coop. I will choose my favorite photo of the day. They are live models, after all, and sometimes they don’t cooperate even I do bribe them with oatmeal.. My Goals. One: Learn to use my camera better. I’ve had it for two years and I just learned how to change the “F-stop.”. Two:. Master Learn Photoshop. I took a class at the Science Museum of Minnesota and promptly forgot everything.. Pingback: Chickens in the City, Yes, You Can Cluck, Too! | Sara Geneva Noreau Kerr

textbook:
Lesson: The Power of Daily Practice

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the concept of daily practice and its benefits. We will learn about the importance of consistency, repetition, and dedication to achieving our goals. We will also discuss how daily practice can help us improve our skills and develop new habits.

Section 1: Understanding Daily Practice

Topic 1: Consistency
- Consistency is key when it comes to daily practice. It means doing something every day, no matter what.
- Consistency helps us build discipline and resilience, which are essential qualities for achieving our goals.
- By practicing regularly, we become more efficient and effective in our work.

Topic 2: Repetition
- Repetition is another crucial aspect of daily practice. It means repeating the same action over and over again until it becomes second nature.
- Repetition helps us internalize knowledge and skills, making them a part of our being.
- The more we practice, the better we get at it, and the easier it becomes to achieve our goals.

Topic 3: Dedication
- Dedication is the third component of daily practice. It means committing ourselves wholeheartedly to our goals and putting in the effort required to achieve them.
- Dedication requires us to prioritize our goals above all else, even when it's hard or uncomfortable.
- When we are dedicated to our goals, we are more likely to stick with our daily practice and achieve success.

Section 2: Benefits of Daily Practice

Topic 1: Improved Skills
- Daily practice helps us improve our skills by providing regular opportunities for feedback and reflection.
- As we practice regularly, we become more aware of our strengths and weaknesses, allowing us to focus on areas that need improvement.
- Over time, our skills become sharper and more refined, leading to better performance and achievement of our goals.

Topic 2: Development of New Habits
- Daily practice helps us develop new habits by reinforcing positive behaviors and attitudes.
- As we repeat the same actions day after day, they become ingrained in our psyche, becoming automatic responses to certain situations.
- New habits make it easier for us to achieve our goals because they become second nature, requiring less conscious effort.

Topic 3: Increased Confidence
- Daily practice helps us increase our confidence by providing regular opportunities for success.
- As we experience small victories each day, our self-esteem and self-belief grow, allowing us to take on bigger challenges.
- Greater confidence leads to increased motivation and determination, further fueling our progress towards our goals.

Section 3: Applying Daily Practice to Our Lives

Topic 1: Setting Goals
- To apply daily practice to our lives, we must first set clear and specific goals that we want to achieve.
- Our goals should be challenging but achievable, providing us with a sense of purpose and direction.
- Without clear goals, daily practice lacks meaning and direction, making it difficult to make progress.

Topic 2: Creating a Routine
- Once we have set our goals, we need to create a routine that supports our daily practice.
- A routine is a series of actions that we perform regularly, helping us develop good habits and disciplines.
- Our routine should be flexible enough to accommodate changes in our schedule or circumstances, yet structured enough to provide consistency and stability.

Topic 3: Tracking Progress
- Tracking our progress is an essential part of daily practice. It helps us stay motivated and focused, providing feedback on our efforts and progress.
- We can track our progress using a journal, spreadsheet, or app, recording our daily practice sessions and noting any improvements or challenges.
- Regularly reviewing our progress helps us identify areas for improvement and celebrate our successes, keeping us motivated and committed to our goals.

Conclusion:
Daily practice is a powerful tool for achieving our goals and developing new skills. By committing ourselves to consistent, repeated effort, we can improve our abilities, develop new habits, and increase our confidence. By applying daily practice to our lives, we can achieve greater success and fulfillment in all areas of our lives.


text: and. ~/.var/app/$APPID. Only the last of these is. In many cases, portals use a system component to implicitly ask the user for permission before granting access to a particular resource. For example, in the case of opening a file, the user’s selection of a file using the file chooser dialog is interpreted as implicitly granting the application access to whatever file is chosen. minumum:. - Using portals as an alternative to blanket filesystem access, wherever possible.. - Using read-only access wherever possible, using the. :rooption.. - If some home directory access is absolutely required, using XDG directory access only.. The full list the available filesystem options can be found in the Sandbox Permissions.. --env=TMPDIR=/var/tmpor if it uses. $TMPDIRto share with processes outside the sandbox you will want a wrapper script that sets it to. $XDG_CACHE_HOME.. -.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Sandboxing

## Overview
In this lesson, we will learn about sandboxing and its importance in computer security. Sandboxing is a security technique that isolates a program or process from other programs or systems on a computer. It creates a virtual environment where the program or process can run without affecting the rest of the system. This is particularly useful when dealing with untrusted code or data, as it prevents malicious programs from causing harm to the host system.

## Section 1: What is Sandboxing?
Sandboxing is a security technique that isolates a program or process from other programs or systems on a computer. It creates a virtual environment where the program or process can run without affecting the rest of the system. This is particularly useful when dealing with untrusted code or data, as it prevents malicious programs from causing harm to the host system.

## Section 2: Why is Sandboxing Important?
Sandboxing is important because it provides an additional layer of security for computer systems. By isolating programs and processes, sandboxing prevents malicious code from causing harm to the host system. This is particularly important when dealing with untrusted code or data, as it prevents malicious programs from causing harm to the host system.

## Section 3: Types of Sandboxing
There are two types of sandboxing: mandatory and discretionary. Mandatory sandboxing is enforced by the operating system and all programs are subject to it. Discretionary sandboxing is optional and can be enabled or disabled by the user.

## Section 4: Examples of Sandboxing
Some examples of sandboxing include:
- Browser sandboxing: This is a type of sandboxing used by web browsers to isolate web pages from each other and from the rest of the system.
- App sandboxing: This is a type of sandboxing used by mobile operating systems to isolate apps from each other and from the rest of the system.
- File system sandboxing: This is a type of sandboxing used by operating systems to restrict access to certain files or directories.

## Section 5: Conclusion
In conclusion, sandboxing is an important security technique that isolates programs and processes from each other and from the rest of the system. It provides an additional layer of security for computer systems and prevents malicious code from causing harm to the host system. There are two types of sandboxing: mandatory and discretionary, and there are many examples of sandboxing in use today.


text: The.. Digitalization of processes, personalization of customer experiences, breakthrough innovations are shaping the new landscape of business life. To give your organization all the tools it needs to win the digital competition, it is now necessary to place agility at the heart of its operation.. By offering advice, training and coaching, we initiate or accelerate your Lean and Agile transformation. Our coaches have expertise in managing cultural and organizational change and implementing technical prerequisites. They are involved at all levels of your ecosystem (team, program, portfolio, architecture, process, sourcing, purchasing, legal, finance, governance, human resources...).. We can mobilize enterprise frameworks such as SAFe®, LeSS, Nexus, SSwS, DaD, RAGE, eScrum, etc., to bring out new ways of collaboration, new ways of producing and selling. Finally, we provide a structured and objective assessment of the level of agility achieved by your team or organization.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Agile Transformation

Introduction:
Agile transformation is a process that involves changing an organization's culture, practices, and processes to become more agile and responsive to customer needs. This lesson will introduce students to the concept of agile transformation and its benefits.

Section 1: What is Agile Transformation?

Agile transformation refers to the process of adopting agile methods and practices to improve an organization's ability to deliver value quickly and efficiently. It involves changing the way organizations work, think, and interact to become more flexible, adaptable, and customer-focused.

Why is Agile Transformation Important?

- Increased customer satisfaction: Agile transformation allows organizations to respond quickly to customer needs, leading to higher customer satisfaction.
- Improved product quality: Agile methods promote frequent delivery of high-quality products, which helps organizations meet customer expectations.
- Faster time-to-market: By breaking down projects into smaller pieces, organizations can deliver products faster and get them to market sooner.
- Increased employee engagement: Agile transformation encourages collaboration, creativity, and ownership among employees, leading to increased engagement and job satisfaction.

Section 2: Agile Methods and Practices

There are several agile methods and practices that organizations can use to transform their culture and processes. These include:

- Scrum: A framework for managing product development that emphasizes iterative and incremental delivery of products.
- Kanban: A visual system for managing workflow that emphasizes continuous delivery and improvement.
- Lean: A methodology for eliminating waste and improving efficiency in processes.
- DevOps: A set of practices that combine software development and operations to improve the speed, quality, and reliability of software delivery.

Section 3: Agile Transformation in Action

Organizations around the world have successfully transformed their cultures and processes using agile methods and practices. Here are some examples:

- Spotify: The music streaming service uses a version of the SAFe framework to organize its teams and deliver products quickly and efficiently.
- Amazon: The e-commerce giant uses a combination of Scrum and Kanban to manage its massive product development efforts.
- Netflix: The streaming service uses a combination of Scrum and Lean to continuously improve its content delivery and user experience.

Conclusion:

Agile transformation is a powerful tool for organizations looking to improve their ability to deliver value quickly and efficiently. By adopting agile methods and practices, organizations can increase customer satisfaction, improve product quality, and get products to market faster. This lesson has introduced students to the concept of agile transformation and provided examples of how it can be applied in real-world scenarios.


text:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Example for GAM with Poisson Model and PolynomialSmoother

This example was written as a test case.
The data generating process is chosen so the parameters are well identified
and estimated.

Created on Fri Nov 04 13:45:43 2011

Author: Josef Perktold
"""
from statsmodels.compat.python import lrange
import time

import numpy as np

from scipy import stats

from statsmodels.sandbox.gam import Model as GAM
from statsmodels.genmod.families import family
from statsmodels.genmod.generalized_linear_model import GLM

np.seterr(all='raise')
np.random.seed(8765993)
#seed is chosen for nice result, not randomly
#other seeds are pretty off in the prediction or end in overflow

#DGP: simple polynomial
order = 3
sigma_noise = 0.1
nobs = 1000
#lb, ub = -0.75, 3#1.5#0.75 #2.5
lb, ub = -3.5, 3
x1 = np.linspace(lb, ub, nobs)
x2 = np.sin(2*x1)
x = np.column_stack((x1/x1.max()*1, 1.*x2))
exog = (x[:,:,None]**np.arange(order+1)[None, None, :]).reshape(nobs, -1)
idx = lrange((order+1)*2)
del idx[order+1]
exog_reduced = exog[:,idx]  #remove duplicate constant
y_true = exog.sum(1) #/ 4.
z = y_true #alias check
d = x
y = y_true + sigma_noise * np.random.randn(nobs)

example = 3

if example == 2:
    print("binomial")
    f = family.Binomial()
    mu_true = f.link.inverse(z)
    #b = np.asarray([scipy.stats.bernoulli.rvs(p) for p in f.link.inverse(y)])
    b = np.asarray([stats.bernoulli.rvs(p) for p in f.link.inverse(z)])
    b.shape = y.shape
    m = GAM(b, d, family=f)
    toc = time.time()
    m.fit(b)
    tic = time.time()
    print(tic-toc)
    #for plotting
    yp = f.link.inverse(y)
    p = b

if example == 3:
    print("Poisson")
    f = family.Poisson()
    #y = y/y.max() * 3
    yp = f.link.inverse(z)
    p = np.asarray([stats.poisson.rvs(val) for val in f.link.inverse(z)],
                   float)
    p.shape = y.shape
    m = GAM(p, d, family=f)
    toc = time.time()
    m.fit(p)
    tic = time.time()
    print(tic-toc)

for ss in m.smoothers:
    print(ss.params)

if example > 1:
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    plt.figure()
    for i in np.array(m.history[2:15:3]):
        plt.plot(i.T)

    plt.figure()
    plt.plot(exog)
    #plt.plot(p, '.', lw=2)
    plt.plot(y_true, lw=2)

    y_pred = m.results.mu # + m.results.alpha #m.results.predict(d)
    plt.figure()
    plt.subplot(2,2,1)
    plt.plot(p, '.')
    plt.plot(yp, 'b-', label='true')
    plt.plot(y_pred, 'r-', label='GAM')
    plt.legend(loc='upper left')
    plt.title('gam.GAM Poisson')

    counter = 2
    for ii, xx in zip(['z', 'x1', 'x2'], [z, x[:,0], x[:,1]]):
        sortidx = np.argsort(xx)
        #plt.figure()
        plt.subplot(2, 2, counter)
        plt.plot(xx[sortidx], p[sortidx], 'k.', alpha=0.5)
        plt.plot(xx[sortidx], yp[sortidx], 'b.', label='true')
        plt.plot(xx[sortidx], y_pred[sortidx], 'r.', label='GAM')
        plt.legend(loc='upper left')
        plt.title('gam.GAM Poisson ' + ii)
        counter += 1

    res = GLM(p, exog_reduced, family=f).fit()

    #plot component, compared to true component
    x1 = x[:,0]
    x2 = x[:,1]
    f1 = exog[:,:order+1].sum(1) - 1 #take out constant
    f2 = exog[:,order+1:].sum(1) - 1
    plt.figure()
    #Note: need to correct for constant which is indeterminatedly distributed
    #plt.plot(x1, m.smoothers[0](x1)-m.smoothers[0].params[0]+1, 'r')
    #better would be subtract f(0) m.smoothers[0](np.array([0]))
    plt.plot(x1, f1, linewidth=2)
    plt.plot(x1, m.smoothers[0](x1)-m.smoothers[0].params[0], 'r')

    plt.figure()
    plt.plot(x2, f2, linewidth=2)
    plt.plot(x2, m.smoothers[1](x2)-m.smoothers[1].params[0], 'r')

    plt.show()

textbook:
# Lesson: Introduction to Generalized Additive Models (GAM)
## Section 1: What is a GAM?
A Generalized Additive Model (GAM) is a statistical model used to analyze the relationship between a response variable and one or more predictor variables. It is a semi-parametric model that allows for non-linear relationships between the response and predictor variables, while still maintaining the parsimony of linear models.
## Section 2: How does a GAM work?
A GAM is composed of a sum of smooth functions, where each smooth function represents the relationship between the response variable and a predictor variable. These smooth functions are chosen based on their ability to approximate the relationship between the response and predictor variables. The smooth functions can be either linear or non-linear, and they can be combined using different link functions to create a flexible model that can capture complex relationships.
## Section 3: Why use a GAM?
GAMs are useful when the relationship between the response and predictor variables is non-linear, and when there are interactions between the predictor variables. They can also be used when there are too many predictor variables to include in a linear model, or when there are outliers in the data that would affect the results of a linear model. Additionally, GAMs can be used to model longitudinal data or time series data.
## Section 4: How do I fit a GAM?
To fit a GAM, you will need to specify the smooth functions that represent the relationship between the response and predictor variables, as well as the link functions that combine these smooth functions. You will also need to specify the predictor variables and the response variable, as well as any covariates or other variables that may be relevant to the analysis. Once you have specified these components, you can fit the GAM using a software package such as R or Python.
## Section 5: Example
Consider a dataset containing information on the height and weight of individuals. You want to model the relationship between height and weight, but you suspect that there may be non-linear relationships between these variables. To fit a GAM, you could use a box-cox transformation to create a smooth function that approximates the relationship between height and weight. You could then use a link function such as logarithm to combine this smooth function with other smooth functions representing the relationship between height and other variables such as age, gender, and BMI.
## Conclusion
In summary, GAMs are useful tools for analyzing non-linear relationships between response and predictor variables. They can be fit using software packages such as R or Python, and can be used to model complex relationships in datasets containing longitudinal or time series data. By fitting GAMs, researchers can gain insights into the relationships between variables that may not be apparent using linear models.


text: Jason Rumney wrote: I'm not sure, do we really expect buffer-size to be the same as the number of bytes in the file, potentially in the presence of multibyte characters? Of course not and I actually got files for which the two are very different. This change is quite likely to break things if that assumption is not correct. Could cause 100% CPU usage and continuous overshouting of other minibuffer messages with revert messages, making Emacs completely unusable. On top of that, if Emacs has trouble checking when a file has changed on disk on MS Windows, then how is this a problem that is specific to Auto Revert Mode? What about any other part of Emacs that needs to know this? Sincerely, Luc Teirlinck.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding the Importance of Buffer Size in Emacs

## Introduction
In this lesson, we will explore the concept of buffer size in Emacs and why it is crucial to understand its implications. We will also discuss the potential issues that can arise when the buffer size is not optimized correctly.

## Section 1: Understanding Buffer Size in Emacs

In Emacs, a buffer is a memory area where text is stored. The buffer size refers to the amount of memory allocated to store the text in the buffer. When you open a file in Emacs, it creates a buffer for that file, and the buffer size determines how much of the file's content can be stored in memory.

The buffer size is an essential parameter in Emacs because it affects the performance and stability of the editor. If the buffer size is too small, Emacs may run out of memory and become slow or unresponsive. On the other hand, if the buffer size is too large, it may consume a significant amount of memory, leading to a decrease in system performance.

## Section 2: Potential Issues When Buffer Size is Not Optimized Correctly

When the buffer size is not optimized correctly, it can lead to several issues, including:

1. 100% CPU usage: If the buffer size is too large, Emacs may consume all available CPU resources, leading to a slow or unresponsive system.

2. Continuous overshouting of other minibuffer messages: If the buffer size is not optimized correctly, Emacs may continuously display minibuffer messages, making it difficult to use the editor effectively.

3. Making Emacs completely unusable: In extreme cases, incorrect optimization of the buffer size can make Emacs completely unusable, preventing users from performing their tasks.

## Section 3: Optimizing Buffer Size in Emacs

To optimize the buffer size in Emacs, follow these steps:

1. Use the "M-x" command to access the "universal argument" interface.

2. Type "universal-argument-keys" to view the list of keys that can be used to specify arguments for any command.

3. Look for the "buffer-size" key and set it to an appropriate value based on your needs and the size of the file you are working with.

4. Save your changes and exit the "universal argument" interface.

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we have explored the concept of buffer size in Emacs and why it is crucial to optimize it correctly. We have also discussed the potential issues that can arise when the buffer size is not optimized correctly and how to optimize it in Emacs. By following these steps, you can ensure that your Emacs experience is smooth and efficient.


text: As I start wearing them more and more I'll post up a better more in depth review. This was the first time I wore them so I'm pretty sure as time passes they'll loosen up and not be as stiff.. Oh and they are extremely easy to clean. Superfly II's are more comfortable.Superfly II's are more comfortable.TommyGun wrote:I buy all of my stuff from the states so the vapors and superfly II's are just getting around to the stores up here in Vancouver. The prices are much higher here as well, so less people have the higher end boots. I've never really been to big on Vapors but they seem to improve them on every release. I've always had an issue with comfort and the durability in the past releases. First synthetic boot I've owned that I truly like is the CTR360 so if the Vapor's can ever mimic how those fit, I'm sold.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Football Boots
## I. Overview
Football boots are an essential piece of equipment for any football player. They provide support, protection, and traction to help players perform at their best. In this lesson, we will explore the different types of football boots, their features, and how to choose the right pair for you.
## II. Types of Football Boots
There are three main types of football boots: firm ground (FG), soft ground (SG), and artificial ground (AG). Firm ground boots are designed for use on natural grass surfaces, while soft ground boots have a more flexible sole for use on wet or muddy fields. Artificial ground boots are designed for use on artificial turf surfaces.
## III. Features of Football Boots
Football boots come with a variety of features to enhance performance. These include:
1. Cleats - these are the spikes on the bottom of the boot that provide traction on the field.
2. Upper - this is the part of the boot that covers the foot. It is usually made of leather or synthetic materials.
3. Lacing system - this is how the boot is secured to the foot.
4. Ankle support - this feature provides additional support to the ankle joint.
5. Heel counter - this is a rigid piece that helps to stabilize the back of the foot.
6. Soleplate - this is the bottom of the boot that contacts the ground.
## IV. How to Choose the Right Pair of Football Boots
Choosing the right pair of football boots depends on several factors, including your playing style, the type of field you play on, and your personal preferences. Here are some things to consider when choosing football boots:
1. Fit - the boot should fit snugly but comfortably. There should be enough room in the toe box for the toes to spread out.
2. Weight - lighter boots may be more comfortable, but they may also provide less support.
3. Traction - if you play on a wet or muddy field, you may want a boot with more aggressive cleats.
4. Durability - look for a boot that is made of high-quality materials and has a reputation for being durable.
## V. Conclusion
In conclusion, football boots are an essential piece of equipment for any football player. By understanding the different types of boots and their features, you can choose the right pair for your needs. Remember to consider factors such as fit, weight, traction, and durability when making your choice. With the right pair of football boots, you can perform at your best on the field.


text: Les 3 Brasseurs/The 3 Brewers Releases New Version of Milkshake IPA. By. On May 16, 2019 At 10:30 (6.3% abv, 25 IBU) is a reformulated version of a beer originally released two summers ago. Described as “thick, tropical, and hazy,” it was brewed with the addition of apricot purée, and double dry-hopped with Mosaic.. Milkshake IPA will be on tap until June 12th at all Les 3 Brasseurs/The 3 Brewers locations in Quebec and Ontario.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Craft Beer Brewing

**Section 1: The Basics of Craft Beer Brewing**

- What is craft beer?
- How is craft beer different from mass-produced beer?
- What are the steps involved in brewing craft beer?

**Section 2: Understanding the Ingredients**

- What are the main ingredients used in craft beer brewing?
- How do different types of grains affect the taste of beer?
- What is the role of hops in craft beer?

**Section 3: The Brewing Process**

- How does the brewing process differ between mass-produced beer and craft beer?
- What is the role of yeast in craft beer brewing?
- How does the fermentation process affect the flavor of beer?

**Section 4: Experimenting with Flavors**

- How do brewers add unique flavors to craft beer?
- What is the difference between dry-hopping and wet-hopping?
- How can you tell if a beer has been double dry-hopped?

**Section 5: Tasting and Evaluating Craft Beer**

- What are some common tasting notes used to describe craft beer?
- How can you tell if a beer is well-brewed?
- What factors should you consider when evaluating craft beer?

**Glossary**

- Craft beer: A type of beer that is produced in small batches by independent breweries, typically with a focus on quality and unique flavors.
- Mass-produced beer: A type of beer that is produced in large quantities by large breweries, often with a focus on consistency and cost-effectiveness.
- Grains: The main ingredient in beer, which provides the fermentable sugar needed to make alcohol. Common types include barley, wheat, and rye.
- Hops: A plant that is used to add bitterness, flavor, and aroma to beer.
- Yeast: A type of fungus that is used to ferment the sugars in beer, converting them into alcohol and carbon dioxide.
- Fermentation: The process by which yeast converts the sugars in beer into alcohol and carbon dioxide, resulting in the production of carbonated alcoholic beverages.

**Conclusion**

Craft beer brewing is a complex process that involves careful attention to detail and a deep understanding of the science behind beer production. By learning about the basics of craft beer brewing, the ingredients used, and the brewing process, you can develop a deeper appreciation for this artisanal beverage. Whether you're a beer enthusiast or simply curious about the world of craft beer, this lesson provides a comprehensive introduction to the subject.


text: When you read any Samsung LED 3D TV Review, you can not help but be impressed by the sheer WOW factor that so many buyers write into their comments. They often speak of jaw-dropping action that leaps off the 3D TV screen!. The Samsung 8000 series of LED 3D TV's, deliver the pure thrill of 3D entertainment. With a range of models in the lineup that give you visually stunning picture quality. Action leaps off the screen with advanced 3D technology, for a truly immersive viewing experience.. Some of the models in the lineup have Internet@TV which lets you get connected to the best of the web, right on your HDTV, with down-loadable and customizable widgets – and coming soon, Samsung apps. Connect to friends, share pictures, shop online and more.. Innovative LED back-light.. The range of screen sizes available goes from 40 inch right up to a large 65 inch ultra slim flat panel with a brushed Titanium finish. With contrast ratios go up to 8 Million to One, you can see why everyone is raving about the picture quality.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the WOW Factor of Samsung LED 3D TVs

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the WOW factor of Samsung LED 3D TVs. We will learn about the advanced 3D technology that delivers an immersive viewing experience, the innovative LED backlight, and the range of screen sizes available. By the end of this lesson, you will understand why people are raving about the picture quality of these TVs.

Section 1: Advanced 3D Technology

Topic 1: Jaw-Dropping Action
Question: What do people often write in their comments when they read a Samsung LED 3D TV review?
Answer: They often speak of jaw-dropping action that leaps off the 3D TV screen!

Topic 2: Immersive Viewing Experience
Question: How does the Samsung 8000 series of LED 3D TVs deliver a truly immersive viewing experience?
Answer: They use advanced 3D technology to create a visually stunning picture quality that makes you feel like you are part of the action.

Section 2: Innovative LED Backlight

Topic 1: Contrast Ratio
Question: What is the contrast ratio of the Samsung LED 3D TVs?
Answer: The contrast ratio goes up to 8 million to one, which means that you can see why everyone is raving about the picture quality.

Topic 2: Range of Screen Sizes
Question: What is the range of screen sizes available for Samsung LED 3D TVs?
Answer: The range of screen sizes available goes from 40 inch right up to a large 65 inch ultra slim flat panel with a brushed Titanium finish.

Section 3: Picture Quality

Topic 1: Pure Thrill of 3D Entertainment
Question: What do buyers often say about the Samsung LED 3D TVs?
Answer: They often speak of the pure thrill of 3D entertainment that the TVs deliver.

Topic 2: Visually Stunning Picture Quality
Question: What does the Samsung 8000 series of LED 3D TVs deliver?
Answer: They deliver visually stunning picture quality that makes you feel like you are part of the action.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the advanced 3D technology, innovative LED backlight, and range of screen sizes available for Samsung LED 3D TVs. We also explored the pure thrill of 3D entertainment that these TVs deliver. By understanding these concepts, we can appreciate the WOW factor of Samsung LED 3D TVs and see why they are so popular.

Glossary:
- 3D: Three-dimensional representation of an object.
- LED: Light-emitting diode.
- Backlight: The light source used to illuminate the display.
- Contrast ratio: The difference between the brightest and darkest parts of an image.
- Ultra slim: A very thin design.

[1] Samsung - LED 3D TV Review


text: The George Music Society proudly presents the internationally acclaimed Saxophone group Quatuor Avena on Friday 5 April at 19h30 at the George Museum.. Tickets for this concert can be pre-booked online for R140, members R90 and learners R30 at , purchased at Cloud Assistants, 73 Meade St, next to Patria Church or at the concert.. This group was formed in 2016 when four musicians from different countries met at ‘Haute Ecole des Arts du Rhin’ in Strasbourg. The group consists of Nicolas Allard from France, Fabio Cesare from Italy, Sumika Tsujimoto from Japan and Adam Campbell from South Africa.. They have performed at various venues around France, Croatia, Italy and Japan and are the recipients of many international music awards. They have performed for many radio stations, the most memorable highlight being a performance on France Musique.. For more information go to or visit the George Music Society Facebook page.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Concerts

## Section 1: What is a Concert?

A concert is a live musical performance in front of an audience. It can feature one musician or a group of musicians playing different instruments. Concerts can take place in various settings such as a theatre, hall, or outdoor venue.

## Section 2: Types of Concerts

There are different types of concerts, including:

1. Rock Concerts - These concerts feature rock bands and musicians playing loud music with electric guitars, drums, and other instruments.

2. Classical Concerts - These concerts feature orchestras playing classical music composed by famous composers like Beethoven and Mozart.

3. Jazz Concerts - These concerts feature jazz musicians playing improvised music on saxophones, trumpets, and other instruments.

4. Folk Concerts - These concerts feature folk musicians playing traditional music on acoustic instruments like guitars, fiddles, and banjos.

5. Pop Concerts - These concerts feature pop singers and musicians playing popular music that is often heard on the radio.

## Section 3: How to Attend a Concert

1. Research the artist or band before attending their concert to ensure that you enjoy their music.

2. Check the age restriction for the concert if applicable. Some concerts may have age restrictions due to the type of music or language used during the performance.

3. Purchase tickets in advance to avoid disappointment if the concert sells out. You can purchase tickets online, over the phone, or at the venue's box office.

4. Arrive early to avoid long lines and ensure you get a good seat.

5. Bring cash or a credit card for food, drinks, and merchandise.

6. Respect the performers and other concertgoers by not talking or texting during the performance.

7. Enjoy the music and have a great time!

## Glossary:

- Venue: A place where an event or performance takes place
- Orchestra: A large group of musicians playing together
- Improvisation: Creating music on the spot without written music
- Acoustic: Relating to sound or music that is not amplified by electronic devices
- Folk: Traditional music that originates from a particular culture or region
- Pop: Short for popular music, which is music that is popular among the general public

## Conclusion:

Attending a concert can be a fun and exciting experience. By following these tips and understanding the different types of concerts, you can make the most out of your concert experience.


text: Michael LaFaive, director of the Center’s Morey Fiscal Policy Initiative, was cited by the San Francisco-area NBC affiliate over GlobalWatt’s decision to leave Saginaw.. “Now we know [the state of Michigan] did not really look too deeply into the matter,” LaFaive said.. LaFaive recently wrote about GlobalWatt’s eviction from its headquarters and failure to meet several criteria required to receive taxpayer subsidies worth millions of dollars.. LaFaive also told TV7&4 in Traverse City that he found discrepancies on applications GlobalWatt submitted to the state in applying for subsidies. He also discussed the issue with Greg Ghering on WJRW AM1340 in Grand Rapids.. Center analysts first began investigating GlobalWatt in September 2010.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Economic Development and Tax Incentives

**Objective:** Students will learn about economic development and tax incentives, their purpose, and how they work in practice.

**Introduction:** Economic development is the process of improving the economy and standard of living for people in a certain area. Governments often use tax incentives as a tool to attract businesses and create jobs, which can lead to economic growth.

**Main Topics:**

1. What is Economic Development?
2. Why do governments use tax incentives?
3. How do tax incentives work?
4. Examples of tax incentives and their effects

**Section 1: What is Economic Development?**

Economic development refers to the process of improving the economy and standard of living for people in a certain area. This can include creating new jobs, increasing income, and improving infrastructure such as roads, schools, and hospitals.

**Section 2: Why do governments use tax incentives?**

Governments use tax incentives to attract businesses to move to their area or to stay there. They do this because businesses can bring new jobs and investment, which can help the economy grow.

**Section 3: How do tax incentives work?**

Tax incentives are financial benefits that a government offers to businesses. These benefits can take many forms, such as tax credits, tax deductions, or reduced tax rates. The idea is that businesses will be more likely to locate or expand in an area if they can keep more of their profits or pay lower taxes.

**Section 4: Examples of tax incentives and their effects**

One example of a tax incentive is the "New Markets Tax Credit" program in the United States. This program gives tax credits to banks and other investors who put money into businesses in low-income areas. The idea is that this will help create jobs and improve the economy in those areas.

Another example is the "Research and Development Tax Credit" program, which gives businesses tax credits for spending money on research and development. This program has been shown to encourage businesses to invest more in research and development, which can lead to new inventions and job creation.

**Conclusion:** Tax incentives are one tool that governments can use to promote economic development. By attracting businesses and creating jobs, tax incentives can help improve the economy and standard of living for people in a certain area. Understanding how tax incentives work and their effects on the economy is an important part of studying economics.

**Glossary:**
- Economic development: The process of improving the economy and standard of living for people in a certain area.
- Tax incentives: Financial benefits that a government offers to businesses to attract them to locate or expand in their area.
- Job creation: The act of creating new jobs in an economy.
- Infrastructure: The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.


text:
Are you a control freak?

I am. And proud of it.

I love doing things to turn ideas into reality. And I love doing them my way.

Know what I’m talking about? When it comes to manifesting money, we must let go of control.

We don’t really have a choice. If we are attached to the outcome and focused on the results, we are focusing on the lack of money. This is a problem because the law of attraction matches the vibration of not having. Holding on to what we want just attracts more lack.

So it’s imperative to let go.

Granted, the words let go are much easier said than done.

How do you let go?

The first step in letting go is understanding what it means.

Assume for a moment that you decide to jump off a cliff. But no worries – you have the super power to fly. Instead of trying to force your way to your destination, you let the air currents guide you. You even do a couple of flips as you fly. You let yourself feel the joy. Eventually you land exactly where you wanted to be. That is what letting go is like.

You start with a desire to accomplish something, which is when you jump off the cliff.

As you take flight, you take action to reach your desires. You let your intuition guide you to your destination. But most of all, you enjoy the ride. Not letting go means trying to control the flight path. When you let go, you allow the universe to guide you to your destination. This is when magic happens. Granted letting go is not always easy.

Here are a few tips to practice letting go:

Tip #1: Whenever you notice you are attached to the outcome, say “I’m trying to control things again. That’s funny. I’m just resisting. All I have to do is breath and relax.” This helps the energy flow.

Tip #2: Turn the results over to the big manager in the universe. A great way to do this is to write a letter to the big manager up in the sky.

Tip #3: Some people only truly let go when they give up on what they want. You don’t have to give up. Practice letting go while still having a desire for the outcome. Do it as often as possible. Letting go gets easier.

The bottom line is that letting go means letting go your attachment to the outcome while still caring about what you desire. Since it’s said than done, practice often.

Now that you’ve learned what letting go means, will you do it? Will you let the universe guide you?

Letting go is part of you will learn how to do in Manifest Money Bootcamp. Registration closes Sunday November 8th. CLICK HERE TO BOOK YOUR SPOT.

textbook:
Lesson: Manifesting Money

## Introduction

Manifesting money is an art that requires practice and patience. It's not always easy to let go of control and trust the universe, but it's essential if you want to attract abundance into your life. In this lesson, we will explore the concept of letting go and how it relates to manifesting money. We will also provide practical tips and exercises to help you develop the skill of letting go and trusting the process.

## Section 1: Understanding Letting Go

Letting go is a crucial step in manifesting money. It means giving up control and allowing the universe to work its magic. When you let go, you trust that the universe will provide for you and guide you towards your desires. However, letting go can be challenging for many people, especially those who are used to being in control.

### Questions and Answers

**Question:** Why is letting go essential when manifesting money?

**Answer:** Letting go is essential because it allows you to trust the universe and surrender to the flow of abundance. When you let go, you stop trying to force things to happen and instead allow the universe to work its magic.

**Question:** How do I know when I've let go?

**Answer:** Letting go is a process, and it can take time to get comfortable with it. Some signs that you're letting go include feeling more relaxed, trusting the universe, and not worrying about the outcome.

## Section 2: Practical Tips for Letting Go

Letting go can be challenging, but there are practical steps you can take to make it easier. Here are some tips to help you develop the skill of letting go:

1. Practice mindfulness meditation to help you stay present and focused on the moment.
2. Write down your desires and intentions, then let go of the outcome and focus on the journey.
3. Visualize yourself letting go of a balloon or a kite, watching it float away into the sky.
4. Surround yourself with positive influences that remind you to trust the universe.
5. Practice gratitude and appreciation for what you already have.

## Section 3: Exercises for Letting Go

Letting go can be a difficult skill to master, but these exercises can help you develop the muscle:

1. Visualize yourself standing at the edge of a cliff, ready to jump. As you fall, imagine yourself soaring like a bird, enjoying the ride, and landing safely on the ground below.
2. Write a letter to the universe, expressing your desires and intentions, then burn the letter as a symbol of letting go.
3. Try a new activity or hobby that requires you to let go of control and trust the process, such as dancing or painting.

## Conclusion

Letting go is an essential part of manifesting money. By trusting the universe and surrendering control, you open yourself up to abundance and opportunities you never thought possible. Remember, letting go is a process, and it takes time to develop the skill. Keep practicing, and soon, you'll find yourself effortlessly attracting money and abundance into your life.


text:
# Copyright(C) 2011 Kouhei Sutou <kou@clear-code.com>
#
# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
#
# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
# Lesser General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
# License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA

--source ../../../include/mroonga/have_innodb.inc
--source ../../../include/mroonga/have_mroonga.inc

--disable_warnings
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS diaries;
--enable_warnings

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
CREATE TABLE diaries (
  id int PRIMARY KEY,
  title varchar(255),
  content text,
  FULLTEXT INDEX (title)
) DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='ENGINE "InnoDB"';

INSERT INTO diaries VALUES (1, "Hello", "はじめました。");
INSERT INTO diaries VALUES (2, "天気", "明日の富士山の天気について");
INSERT INTO diaries VALUES (3, "富士山", "今日もきれい。");

SELECT * FROM diaries WHERE MATCH (title) AGAINST ("富士山");

DROP INDEX title ON diaries;

--error ER_FT_MATCHING_KEY_NOT_FOUND
SELECT * FROM diaries WHERE MATCH (title) AGAINST ("富士山");
SELECT * FROM diaries;

CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX new_title_index ON diaries (title);
SELECT * FROM diaries WHERE MATCH (title) AGAINST ("富士山");
SELECT * FROM diaries;

DROP TABLE diaries;

--source ../../../include/mroonga/have_mroonga_deinit.inc

textbook:
# Lesson: Introduction to Text Searches with SQL

In this lesson, we will learn how to perform text searches using SQL. We will use the example of searching for diaries based on their titles.

**Section 1: Theoretical Concepts**

SQL is a programming language used to manage and manipulate data in databases. One of its features is the ability to search for data based on specific criteria. In this case, we want to search for diaries based on their titles.

**Section 2: Practical Examples**

To perform a text search in SQL, we can use the `SELECT` statement with the `MATCH()` function. Here's an example:

```sql
SELECT * FROM diaries
WHERE MATCH (title) AGAINST ('hello' IN BOOLEAN MODE);
```

This query will return all diaries whose titles contain the word "hello". The `MATCH()` function searches for the specified term in the `title` column and returns a list of rows where the term was found. The `AGAINST()` function is used to specify the mode of the search. In this case, we are searching for an exact match, so we use `BOOLEAN MODE`.

**Section 3: Real-World Scenarios**

Now let's say we want to search for all diaries written by a specific author. We can use the `SELECT` statement with the `MATCH()` function again, but this time we need to join the `diaries` table with another table that contains information about the authors. Here's an example:

```sql
SELECT diaries.*
FROM diaries
JOIN authors ON diaries.author_id = authors.id
WHERE MATCH (authors.name) AGAINST ('John' IN BOOLEAN MODE);
```

This query will return all diaries written by the author named John. We join the `diaries` table with the `authors` table using the `id` column of the `authors` table as the foreign key in the `diaries` table. Then we use the `MATCH()` function to search for the name "John" in the `authors` table and return all diaries written by that author.

**Conclusion**

In this lesson, we learned how to perform text searches using SQL. We started with theoretical concepts and then moved on to practical examples and real-world scenarios. We can apply the skills gained from this topic to other problems that require text searches.


text: Thinking about Transferring ?. Make sure you understand the rules. There are many different NCAA rules and regulations for college transfers. For example, transferring from or to a 2 year school is nothing like transferring from or to a 4 year school. The requirements are completely different. You must have a release to transfer from a 4 year school to another 4 year school and be awarded a scholarship...If you are transferring from a 2 year school to a 4 year DI school and you are not a qualifier, you must graduate from the 2 year school first. These are just a couple of the numerous transfer rules you need to know before you decide to transfer. Not knowing the rules can cost you your scholarship or chance to participate in college athletics. Click here for a guide to transfers and additional information to assist you.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding NCAA Transfer Rules
Introduction:
The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has established various rules and regulations governing the transfer of college athletes from one institution to another. These rules are designed to ensure fairness and equity in the recruitment and retention of student-athletes. In this lesson, we will explore the different types of transfers, the eligibility requirements, and the transfer process.
Types of Transfers:
1. Intraconference Transfer: A student-athlete who transfers from one institution in the same conference as their current school to another institution within that conference.
2. Interconference Transfer: A student-athlete who transfers from one conference to another conference.
3. Two-Year College Transfer: A student-athlete who transfers from a two-year college to a four-year college.
4. Four-Year College Transfer: A student-athlete who transfers from one four-year college to another four-year college.
Eligibility Requirements:
1. Academic Progress: A student-athlete must meet the academic progress standards of their current institution and the receiving institution.
2. Satisfactory Progress Toward Degree: A student-athlete must be making satisfactory progress toward completing their degree at their current institution.
3. Transfer Release: A student-athlete must obtain a transfer release from their current institution if they plan to transfer to another Division I institution.
4. Qualifier Status: A student-athlete must meet the qualifier status requirements of the NCAA Eligibility Center if they plan to transfer to a Division I institution.
Transfer Process:
1. Obtain a Transfer Release: If you are transferring from a Division I institution to another Division I institution, you must obtain a transfer release from your current institution.
2. Register with the NCAA Eligibility Center: If you are transferring to a Division I institution, you must register with the NCAA Eligibility Center and meet the qualifier status requirements.
3. Contact Coaches: Research and contact coaches at the institutions you are interested in transferring to.
4. Complete Admission Requirements: Complete the admission requirements of the institution you plan to transfer to.
Conclusion:
Understanding the NCAA transfer rules is crucial for any student-athlete considering transferring to another institution. Failure to comply with these rules can result in loss of scholarship or eligibility to participate in college athletics. By following the guidelines outlined in this lesson, you can ensure a smooth and successful transfer process.


text: The Young Victoria star Paul Bettany has been approached to star in horror western Priest, according to The Hollywood Reporter.. Scott Stewart, who just finished working with Bettany on Legion, is directing the picture for Screen Gems.. Priest is an adaptation of a TokyoPop comic book, which is based in a world that has been "ravaged by centuries of war between man and vampire". Bettany will play the title character, who is on a mission to track down murderous vampires who have kidnapped his niece.. Screen Gems president Clint Culpepper said that it was Bettany's performance in Legion which persuaded them to sign the actor.

textbook:
Lesson: Horror Western Movies

Introduction:
Horror western movies are a unique genre that combines elements of horror and western films. In this lesson, we will explore the characteristics of horror western movies, their history, and some popular examples.

Section 1: Characteristics of Horror Western Movies

Horror western movies often take place in the American west during the late 1800s. They typically involve a supernatural or monstrous threat that the protagonist must confront. These movies often feature themes of good vs. evil and the struggle to maintain law and order in a dangerous and unpredictable environment.

Questions:
- What are some common characteristics of horror western movies?
- How do these movies combine elements of horror and western films?

Answer:
 Horror western movies often take place in the American west during the late 1800s. They typically involve a supernatural or monstrous threat that the protagonist must confront. These movies often feature themes of good vs. evil and the struggle to maintain law and order in a dangerous and unpredictable environment.

Section 2: History of Horror Western Movies

Horror western movies have been around since the early days of cinema. Some of the earliest examples include "The Great Train Robbery" (1903) and "The Lost Cause" (1926). However, the genre really took off in the 1930s and 1940s with movies like "The Old Dark House" (1932) and "The Wolf Man" (1941).

Questions:
- When did horror western movies first become popular?
- What were some of the earliest examples of this genre?

Answer:
Horror western movies have been around since the early days of cinema. Some of the earliest examples include "The Great Train Robbery" (1903) and "The Lost Cause" (1926). However, the genre really took off in the 1930s and 1940s with movies like "The Old Dark House" (1932) and "The Wolf Man" (1941).

Section 3: Popular Examples of Horror Western Movies

There have been many great horror western movies over the years. Some popular examples include:
- "The Night of the Hunter" (1955)
- "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre" (1974)
- "Evil Dead" (1981)
- "From Dusk Till Dawn" (1996)
- "The Burrowers" (2008)

Questions:
- What are some popular examples of horror western movies?
- Are there any recent horror western movies that you would recommend?

Answer:
There have been many great horror western movies over the years. Some popular examples include:
- "The Night of the Hunter" (1955)
- "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre" (1974)
- "Evil Dead" (1981)
- "From Dusk Till Dawn" (1996)
- "The Burrowers" (2008)

Conclusion:

Horror western movies are a unique and exciting genre that combines elements of horror and western films. By exploring the characteristics, history, and popular examples of horror western movies, we can appreciate the creativity and skill that goes into making these films. Whether you're a fan of classic horror westerns or modern remakes, there's something for everyone in this thrilling genre.

Glossary:
- Horror: A genre of film that seeks to frighten or unsettle the audience.
- Western: A genre of film that typically takes place in the American west during the late 1800s and focuses on cowboys, outlaws, and the struggle to maintain law and order.


text: 5.4. CrossFit Love – CrossFit. Bench Press (1x 5 @ RPE 8, 1 x 3 @ RPE 9, 2×1 @ 8 then 9). Bench Prep (No Measure). Scap CARs x 10 each direction. ————. 2 RDS. 90/90 Bottoms Up Carry Down/Back Each. High Plank with Hands on Foam Roller x :30 (reach). In Close Floor DB/KB Press x 8 with 5s negative. Bench Press (1x 5 @ RPE 8, 1 x 3 @ RPE 9, 2×1 @ 8 then 9). Metcon (AMRAP – Rounds). 3 Rounds NFT. 15 Single Arm DB Row R/L. –Staggered Stance, oppo hand on box/wall/rack.bench. –pull to DB to hip. -Good Tempo (squeeze at top). 15 Barbell Curls (grunting encouraged). 25 Band Push Downs. Best Core Exercise? Stop Ordering Take Out (AMRAP – Reps). 12 Minute EMOM. Min 1: 20 Hollow Rocks. Min 2: 10 KB Drag Thrus. Min 3: Max AB Sit Ups in :40 [with MB]. Score is Sit Ups

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to CrossFit Workouts

### Section 1: What is CrossFit?
CrossFit is a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program that combines elements of weightlifting, gymnastics, and metabolic conditioning. It is designed to improve overall fitness, including strength, endurance, flexibility, and speed. CrossFit workouts are typically short and intense, with a focus on functional movements that mimic real-life activities.

### Section 2: Understanding a CrossFit Workout
A typical CrossFit workout consists of three parts: a warm-up, a strength component, and a metabolic conditioning component. The warm-up prepares the body for the workout by increasing heart rate and blood flow to the muscles. The strength component focuses on building strength and power through compound exercises like squats, deadlifts, and bench presses. The metabolic conditioning component improves cardiovascular endurance and burns calories through high-intensity intervals and circuits.

### Section 3: Examples of CrossFit Workouts
Here is an example of a CrossFit workout:
Warm-up: 5 minutes of jumping jacks
Strength: Bench press (1 x 5 @ RPE 8, 1 x 3 @ RPE 9, 2×1 @ 8 then 9)
Metabolic conditioning: 3 rounds NFT (15 single arm DB row R/L, 15 barbell curls, 25 band push-downs)
Cooldown: 5 minutes of stretching

### Section 4: Benefits of CrossFit
CrossFit has many benefits, including:
- Improved overall fitness
- Increased strength and power
- Better cardiovascular endurance
- Enhanced flexibility and mobility
- Weight loss and muscle gain

### Section 5: Tips for Starting CrossFit
If you're new to CrossFit, here are some tips to help you succeed:
- Start with a beginner's class or on-ramp program
- Listen to your coach and ask questions if you're unsure about anything
- Use proper form and technique to avoid injury
- Gradually increase the intensity and volume of your workouts
- Prioritize recovery by getting enough sleep, eating well, and taking rest days

### Glossary
- HIIT: High-intensity interval training
- RPE: Rate of perceived exertion
- WOD: Workout of the day
- R/L: Right/left
- NFT: As many rounds as possible
- AMRAP: As many reps as possible
- EMOM: Every minute on the minute
- MB: Medicine ball
- DB: Dumbbell
- KB: Kettlebell
- AB: Abdominal
- Flex: Flexibility
- Mob: Mobility
- R/R: Rest/rest
- WU: Warm-up
- Cool: Cool down

### Conclusion
CrossFit is a challenging but rewarding fitness program that can help you achieve your goals. By understanding the basics of CrossFit workouts, following proper form and technique, and prioritizing recovery, you can maximize your results and stay safe during your workouts.


text:
My View: Library expansion will bring great benefits to Monroe

Friday

Oct 26, 2007 at 2:00 AM

The Monroe Town Board has finally decided to put the Monroe Free Library building expansion referendum on the ballot on Election Day, Nov. 6. What a surprise it was to find this out after months of delays caused by premature, undue stipulations put upon the library by the Town Board.

Denise A. Harris

The Monroe Town Board has finally decided to put the Monroe Free Library building expansion referendum on the ballot on Election Day, Nov. 6. What a surprise it was to find this out after months of delays caused by premature, undue stipulations put upon the library by the Town Board.

Unbeknownst to the board of trustees, the Town Board voted at an emergency highway meeting Sept. 4 to pass a resolution to put the library's request on the ballot. Three weeks later, on Sept. 27, the library board received a letter from the town attorney advising the library board that the referendum would now be on the Nov. 6 ballot.

While the road to getting the referendum was rather twisted, we are here now! The board of trustees is excited about being able to provide the opportunity for our community to vote on a much-needed expanded library on Election Day.

This is our opportunity to improve the village, enhance our quality of life and realize the importance of being an education-minded community. It is an opportunity that spans generations, allowing all of us to enjoy first-rate programs and resources right here in the heart of Monroe.

The expanded building will cost $11.9 million, but it will be money well-spent. The average taxpayer will spend about $90 a year on this building.

Many have agreed that we need a new library. Others have said "the building should be $7 or $8 million." The library is driven by the size of the community, not a budget randomly decided and then acted upon. In fact, if we built a library for $7 million or $8 million, it would result in a much smaller library at a relatively insignificant reduction in our tax burden because, like a mortgage, it would be paid off over 30 years. Our current library was built in 1960, expanded in 1984, and is smaller than the state requirements for a children's library.

We have already economized by reusing the existing building in this plan. With your financial support, we thoughtfully acquired the property right next door. This is not a fancy library; instead, it provides much-needed square footage so that we can operate a proper library within state guidelines and mandates for service and operations.

On Election Day, there will also be a referendum to increase the Monroe Free Library budget. This increase of $84,000 will cost the taxpayer an additional $14. So, for a total estimated cost of about $104, the value is given back to us in a revitalized downtown, programming, community space and our property values.

In all likelihood, this is the community's last opportunity — for the foreseeable future — to realize a much-needed facility. We have worked hard to bring this opportunity to you. On Election Day, we encourage you to carefully weigh the benefits of this proposal, what the library means to our town and how we want to make our village and our community a better place.

I leave you with this editorial, as stated in the Times Herald-Record on Oct. 5: "The requests add up to a bargain for Monroe taxpayers who should show up and vote yes on Nov. 6. All these improvements will cost Monroe taxpayers less than a trip to the movies or a hardcover book. A municipal library is one of the great bargains in our community life. This is an investment that Monroe taxpayers cannot afford to pass up. Voters should approve both (the operating budget and the building expansion referendum) because they will bring the town and its residents so much."

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to the Expansion of the Monroe Free Library

## Chapter 1: What is a Library Expansion?

A library expansion refers to the process of increasing the size of a library building to accommodate more books, resources, and services for the community. This can involve adding new rooms, floors, or wings to an existing structure or constructing a completely new building.

## Chapter 2: Why is the Monroe Free Library Expanding?

The Monroe Free Library is expanding to provide more space for its growing collection of books, resources, and services. This will allow the library to better serve the needs of the community and offer more programs and events for people of all ages.

## Chapter 3: How will the Library Expansion Benefit the Community?

The library expansion will bring great benefits to the community of Monroe. With more space, the library will be able to offer a wider range of programs and events, such as workshops, author talks, and book clubs. It will also provide more room for people to study, read, and use computers and other resources. Additionally, the expansion will enable the library to acquire more books, magazines, and other materials to meet the needs and interests of the community.

## Chapter 4: How does a Library Expansion Work?

A library expansion typically involves several steps, including planning, fundraising, designing, and construction. During the planning phase, library staff and community members work together to determine the needs of the community and what types of spaces and resources are needed in the expanded library. Once the plans are finalized, the library may launch a fundraising campaign to raise money for the project. After the funds are secured, architects and engineers are hired to design the new space, taking into account the library's needs and the community's feedback. Finally, construction begins, and the expanded library is built.

## Chapter 5: Conclusion

In conclusion, the expansion of the Monroe Free Library will bring great benefits to the community. By providing more space and resources, the library will be able to offer more programs and events, better serve the needs of the community, and accommodate the growing collection of books and resources. This lesson has covered the basics of what a library expansion is, why the Monroe Free Library is expanding, and how it will benefit the community.


text: Horticulture and the Roman Shaping of Nature. Victoria E. Pagán. In the Roman world, horticulture (the art and practice of garden cultivation and management) is one aspect of the larger enterprise of farming and agriculture. Hortus denotes a kitchen garden near the house for growing vegetables; horti are large-scale pleasure grounds or parks, privately owned but sometimes open to public use. The literary and material sources from the second century b.c.e. to the second century c.e. in the regions of Latium and Campania adhere to and diverge from generic conventions, distort and exaggerate their subject, and provide social commentary on the purposes and meanings of gardens. After surveying the sources, the second section of this article reviews scholarship on gardens: archaeological studies that ask what gardens are, and cultural studies that ask what gardens mean. The conclusion suggests two future directions: reception studies and environmental sustainability.

textbook:
Lesson: Horticulture and the Roman Shaping of Nature

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about horticulture and its role in shaping nature in the Roman world. We will explore the different types of gardens, their purposes, and how they were used by the Romans. We will also examine the literary and material sources that provide insights into the Roman gardening practices.

Section 1: Types of Gardens in the Roman World

The Roman world had two main types of gardens: hortus and horti.

1. Hortus: This was a small garden located near the house where vegetables were grown. It was primarily used for domestic purposes, such as providing food for the family.

2. Horti: This was a large-scale garden or park that was privately owned but sometimes open to the public. These gardens were primarily used for leisure and entertainment purposes. They often included elaborate fountains, sculptures, and other decorative features.

Section 2: Purposes and Meanings of Gardens in the Roman World

Gardens in the Roman world served several purposes, including:

1. Food production: As mentioned earlier, hortus was primarily used for growing vegetables for domestic consumption.

2. Leisure and entertainment: Horti were designed for relaxation and enjoyment. They provided a place for Romans to socialize, walk, and enjoy the beauty of nature.

3. Social status: Owning a garden was a sign of wealth and prestige. It demonstrated the owner's ability to afford land and the resources needed to maintain the garden.

4. Education: Gardens were also used as a place for learning about nature and horticulture. Romans believed that studying plants and flowers could improve one's understanding of the natural world.

Section 3: Literary and Material Sources on Roman Gardens

Several literary and material sources provide insights into Roman gardening practices, including:

1. Literary sources: Roman writers such as Virgil, Horace, and Pliny the Elder wrote about gardens in their works. These writings provide details about the design, layout, and plants found in Roman gardens.

2. Archaeological evidence: Archaeologists have discovered remains of Roman gardens, including pottery, tools, and other artifacts. These findings help us understand the practical aspects of gardening in the Roman world.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, horticulture played an important role in shaping nature in the Roman world. Gardens served various purposes, including food production, leisure, social status, and education. By examining literary and material sources, we can gain a deeper understanding of Roman gardening practices and their impact on the natural world.

Glossary:
- Hortus: A small garden near the house for growing vegetables.
- Horti: A large-scale pleasure ground or park, privately owned but sometimes open to public use.
- Virgil: A Roman poet who wrote about gardens in his work, "Georgics."
- Horace: A Roman poet who also wrote about gardens.
- Pliny the Elder: A Roman writer who discussed gardens in his work, "Natural History."

Self-Debating Discussion:
1. What were the main purposes of gardens in the Roman world?
2. How did owning a garden demonstrate social status in the Roman world?
3. What were some of the challenges faced by Roman gardeners?
4. How did Roman gardening practices influence the natural world?