text:
Q:

rcharts dimple bubble chart in shiny

Using a variation of the below example dimple chart, how can I get this to auto scale with Shiny bootstrap without having to hard code height and width of the chart?
#get data used by dimple for all of its examples as a first test
data <- read.delim(
  "http://pmsi-alignalytics.github.io/dimple/data/example_data.tsv"
)

#eliminate . to avoid confusion in javascript
colnames(data) <- gsub("[.]","",colnames(data))

#example 27 Bubble Matrix
d1 <- dPlot(
  x = c( "Channel", "PriceTier"),
  y = "Owner",
  z = "Distribution",
  groups = "PriceTier",
  data = data,
  type = "bubble",
  aggregate = "dimple.aggregateMethod.max"
)
d1$xAxis( type = "addCategoryAxis" )
d1$yAxis( type = "addCategoryAxis" )
d1$zAxis( type = "addMeasureAxis", overrideMax = 200 )
d1$legend(
  x = 200,
  y = 10,
  width = 500,
  height = 20,
  horizontalAlign = "right"
)
d1

A:

Hi you have to put width="100%" in dplot(), like this :
d1 <- dPlot(
  x = c( "Channel", "PriceTier"),
  y = "Owner",
  z = "Distribution",
  groups = "PriceTier",
  data = data,
  type = "bubble",
  aggregate = "dimple.aggregateMethod.max",
  width="100%"
)

textbook:
Lesson: How to Create a Responsive Dimple Bubble Chart in Shiny

Introduction:

In this lesson, we will learn how to create a responsive dimple bubble chart in Shiny using Bootstrap. We will start by understanding the basic concepts of dimple charts and their properties. Then, we will explore how to customize the chart's appearance and make it responsive using Bootstrap. Finally, we will apply these concepts to create a bubble chart that displays sales data for a company.

Section 1: Understanding Dimple Charts

Dimple charts are interactive and dynamic visualizations that can be used to display complex data sets in an easy-to-understand manner. They are created using JavaScript libraries such as dimple.js, which provides a wide range of customization options for creating different types of charts, including bubble charts.

Bubble charts are useful for displaying three dimensions of data, with two of them being represented on the x and y axes, while the third is represented by the size of the bubbles. The size of each bubble is determined by the value of the third dimension.

Properties of Dimple Charts:

- Dimple charts can be created using various types of data, including numerical, categorical, and time-series data.
- They can be customized to display different types of markers, such as points, lines, or areas.
- Dimple charts can be animated to show changes over time or to highlight specific data points.
- They can be used to create interactive dashboards that allow users to filter and sort data.

Section 2: Customizing Dimple Charts

To create a responsive dimple bubble chart in Shiny, we need to customize the chart's appearance and make it responsive using Bootstrap. Here are some ways to do this:

- Set the width and height of the chart using the `width` and `height` parameters in the `dPlot()` function. For example, `d1 <- dPlot(..., width = "100%")`.
- Use the `responsive` package in Shiny to make the chart responsive to different screen sizes. This package allows you to set minimum and maximum widths for the chart, so that it will automatically adjust its size based on the available space.
- Use Bootstrap's CSS classes to style the chart. For example, you can use the `col-md-*` classes to set the chart's width based on the available space in a row.

Section 3: Creating a Responsive Dimple Bubble Chart in Shiny

Now that we know how to customize dimple charts and make them responsive, let's create a bubble chart that displays sales data for a company.

First, we need to install and load the required packages:

```{r}
library(shiny)
library(dimple)
library(resizable)
library(bootstrap)
```

Next, we define the UI for our app:

```{r}
ui <- fluidPage(
  titlePanel("Responsive Dimple Bubble Chart"),
  sidebarLayout(
    sidebarPanel(
      fileInput("data", "Choose Sales Data",
                  choices = list.files(),
                  multiple = FALSE,
                  onPreview = j("Preview will not work"),
                  preview = TRUE
      ),
      tags$div(
        h4("Sales Data Preview"),
        dimpleChart(outputId = "my_chart",
                     src = "data.csv",
                     x = c("Date", "Region", "Product"),
                     y = "Sales",
                     z = "Expenses",
                     color = "Sales",
                     fillOpacity = 0.8,
                     chartOpts = list(responsive = TRUE, height = "300px")
        )
      )
    ),
    mainPanel(
      h4("Responsive Dimple Bubble Chart"),
      verbatimTextOutput("sales_data")
    )
  )
)
```

Then, we define the server logic for our app:

```{r}
server <- function(input, output) {

  data <- reactive({
    req(input$data)
    infile <- input$data
    df <- readRDS(infile)
    return(df)
  })

  output$sales_data <- renderTable({
    head(data())
  })

  observe({
    req(data())
    output$my_chart <- renderDimpleChart({
      d1 <- dPlot(
        x = c( "Date", "Region", "Product"),
        y = "Sales",
        z = "Expenses",
        groups = "Product",
        data = data(),
        type = "bubble",
        aggregate = "dimple.aggregateMethod.max",
        color = "Sales",
        fillOpacity = 0.8,
        chartOpts = list(responsive = TRUE, height = "300px")
      )

      d1$xAxis( type = "addCategoryAxis" )
      d1$yAxis( type = "addCategoryAxis" )
      d1$zAxis( type = "addMeasureAxis", overrideMax = 100 )
      d1$legend(
        x = 200,
        y = 10,
        width = 500,
        height = 20,
        horizontalAlign = "right"
      )
      d1
    }, height = "100%")
  })
}
```

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned how to create a responsive dimple bubble chart in Shiny using Bootstrap. We started by understanding the basic concepts of dimple charts and their properties, then we explored how to customize the chart's appearance and make it responsive using Bootstrap. Finally, we applied these concepts to create a bubble chart that displays sales data for a company.

Glossary:

- Dimple chart: A dynamic and interactive visualization created using the dimple.js library.
- Bubble chart: A type of dimple chart that displays three dimensions of data, with two of them being represented on the x and y axes, while the third is represented by the size of the bubbles.
- Bootstrap: A popular CSS framework for creating responsive and mobile-first web pages.
- Responsive: A Shiny package that allows you to create responsive UI elements.
- RDS: A format for serializing R objects to a binary format.


text: Photographers. There are so many wonderful freelance photographers in the area who are great working with children.. Bellos Momentos Photography, Centreville. Birds on a Wire Photography. Bridget Havercroft Images. Captivating Clicks by Samantha. Chevelle Roberts Photography. Daydreamer Photography, Kingston. Eden’s Garden Photography. Jen Ringuette Photography – Bridgetown (Email). Krista Dawn Photography, Avonport. Maternal Moments Photograhy, Rachel Aalders. The Tiny Light Foundation – provides free photography services to families with children who are diagnosed with life altering diseases/disorders.. Tracey’s Odds & Sods, Hantsport. (Visited 278 times, 1 visits today)

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: How to Choose a Freelance Photographer

### Introduction
Choosing a freelance photographer can be a daunting task, especially if you are not sure what to look for or where to start. In this lesson, we will cover the key factors to consider when selecting a photographer, including their portfolio, experience, pricing, and communication style. By the end of this lesson, you will have a better understanding of how to choose a photographer that is right for your needs.

### Section 1: Understanding the Importance of a Portfolio

A portfolio is a collection of work that showcases a photographer's skills, style, and creativity. When looking at a portfolio, there are several things to consider:

1. Consistency: Do the images in the portfolio have a consistent style and theme?
2. Quality: Are the images well-composed, well-lit, and properly exposed?
3. Variety: Does the portfolio showcase a range of subjects, locations, and lighting conditions?
4. Emotion: Do the images evoke emotions and tell a story?

By examining a photographer's portfolio, you can get a sense of their strengths and weaknesses, as well as whether their style aligns with your preferences.

### Section 2: Assessing a Photographer's Experience

Experience is another important factor to consider when choosing a photographer. Look for photographers who have experience shooting similar events or subjects as your own. This can help ensure that they know how to handle the challenges that may arise during the shoot.

Some questions to ask when assessing a photographer's experience include:

1. How long have they been in business?
2. What type of events or subjects have they shot in the past?
3. Do they have any awards or recognition for their work?
4. Have they completed any continuing education or training courses?

By understanding a photographer's experience, you can feel more confident that they can deliver the results you are looking for.

### Section 3: Understanding Pricing and Contracts

Pricing and contracts are important aspects of working with a freelance photographer. Before hiring a photographer, be sure to discuss and understand their pricing structure, including any additional fees or expenses. It is also important to review and understand the terms of their contract, including their cancellation policy, rights to use the images, and any warranties or guarantees they offer.

Some questions to ask when discussing pricing and contracts include:

1. What is included in their pricing?
2. Are there any additional fees or expenses?
3. What is their cancellation policy?
4. Who owns the copyright to the images?
5. Are there any warranties or guarantees offered?

By understanding a photographer's pricing and contract terms, you can avoid any surprises or misunderstandings later on.

### Section 4: Communication and Working Style

Communication and working style are also important factors to consider when choosing a photographer. You want to work with someone who is easy to communicate with, responsive to your needs, and able to adapt to changing circumstances.

Some questions to ask when assessing a photographer's communication and working style include:

1. How do they communicate with clients?
2. How do they handle changes or unexpected situations during a shoot?
3. Do they offer a consultation or planning session before the event?
4. How do they edit and deliver the final images?

By understanding a photographer's communication and working style, you can ensure that you are a good fit for each other and that you can work together effectively.

### Conclusion

In conclusion, choosing a freelance photographer requires careful consideration of their portfolio, experience, pricing, and communication style. By taking the time to evaluate these factors, you can find a photographer who is right for your needs and who can deliver the high-quality images you are looking for.

### Glossary

- Portfolio: A collection of work showcasing a photographer's skills, style, and creativity.
- Experience: The amount of time a photographer has been in business and their level of expertise in shooting similar events or subjects.
- Pricing: The cost of hiring a photographer, including any additional fees or expenses.
- Contract: A legal agreement between the photographer and client outlining the terms of their working relationship.
- Communication: The ability of a photographer to effectively communicate with clients and adapt to changing circumstances during a shoot.
- Working style: A photographer's approach to shooting, editing, and delivering final images.


text: Who would have thought, that building an entire skyscraper could be that easy? In this awesome action game that is inspired by the legendary Tower Bloxx you stack up the floors to form a building. Of course you have to make sure to place one floor exactly on another, not only because you get heaps of coins for every perfectly placed block, but also because the game gets faster and faster with every miss. The higher your multistory building gets, the more coins you will be able to hoard and the more cool boosters you will be able to buy. Play Towers now for free and find out, if you have what it takes to beat the highscore and to set the highest tower that in the history of mankind.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: How to Build a Skyscraper

## Section 1: Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn about the process of building a skyscraper. We will start by understanding the basic principles of architecture and engineering that go into constructing such a tall structure. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to identify the different stages of building a skyscraper and understand the importance of each stage.

## Section 2: Understanding Architecture and Engineering

Architecture and engineering are two critical fields involved in building a skyscraper. Architects design the structure, while engineers ensure that it is safe and functional. Let's take a closer look at these two fields and their roles in building a skyscraper.

Architecture:
- Architects design the overall look and feel of the building, including its shape, style, and layout.
- They consider factors such as aesthetics, functionality, and safety when designing a skyscraper.
- They work closely with engineers to ensure that the structure is safe and can support the weight and forces it will experience.

Engineering:
- Engineers focus on the technical aspects of building a skyscraper, such as structural integrity and mechanical systems.
- They design the internal framework that supports the building's weight and distributes it evenly.
- They also design the elevator systems, plumbing, and electrical systems, among other things.

## Section 3: Stages of Building a Skyscraper

Building a skyscraper involves several stages, each of which is crucial to the final product. Here are the main stages involved in constructing a skyscraper:

1. Site preparation: This stage involves clearing the site and preparing it for construction.
2. Foundation excavation: The foundation is the base of the building, and it must be strong enough to support the weight of the structure.
3. Framework: In this stage, the building's skeleton is constructed. This includes the steel or concrete framework that holds up the structure.
4. Exterior and interior construction: Once the framework is complete, the exterior and interior walls and features are added.
5. Finishing touches: The final stage involves adding finishing touches such as flooring, lighting, and plumbing fixtures.

## Section 4: Conclusion

Building a skyscraper is a complex process that requires the expertise of architects and engineers. By understanding the stages involved in constructing a skyscraper, we can appreciate the hard work and dedication required to create such impressive structures. Whether you're interested in architecture, engineering, or simply enjoy learning about incredible feats of human ingenuity, this lesson has provided valuable insights into the world of skyscraper building.


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textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)

## Section 1: What is CAM?
CAM refers to medical practices that are not part of conventional medicine. It includes practices like acupuncture, herbal medicine, and homeopathy. These practices aim to promote health and treat illness by focusing on the whole person rather than just treating symptoms.

## Section 2: Types of CAM
There are many different types of CAM, including:

1. Acupuncture: This involves inserting thin needles into specific points on the body to restore energy flow and promote healing.
2. Herbal medicine: This involves using plants and plant extracts to treat illnesses and promote health.
3. Homeopathy: This involves using small doses of substances that cause symptoms to stimulate the body's natural defenses and promote healing.
4. Chiropractic: This involves manipulating the spine to restore proper alignment and improve health.
5. Massage therapy: This involves using touch to manipulate the body and promote relaxation, reduce pain, and improve circulation.
6. Yoga and meditation: These practices involve using breathing techniques, postures, and focused attention to promote relaxation and improve overall well-being.

## Section 3: Benefits and Risks of CAM
There are many potential benefits to using CAM, including:

1. Promoting relaxation and stress reduction.
2. Improving overall well-being and quality of life.
3. Reducing the need for medications and surgery.
4. Enhancing the body's natural ability to heal.

However, there are also potential risks to using CAM, including:

1. Interactions with medications or other treatments.
2. Unproven effectiveness or safety.
3. Misleading claims or false information.
4. Potential for fraud or scams.

It is important to discuss any plans to use CAM with your healthcare provider to ensure that it is safe and appropriate for you.

## Section 4: Examples of CAM in Practice
Here are some examples of how CAM might be used in practice:

1. A person with chronic back pain might try acupuncture to help alleviate their symptoms.
2. Someone with anxiety might try yoga or meditation to help reduce stress and promote relaxation.
3. A person with a cold might try a homeopathic remedy to help speed up their recovery.
4. An athlete with an injury might try chiropractic care to help restore proper alignment and reduce pain.

## Glossary:
- CAM: Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Acupuncture: A technique that involves inserting thin needles into specific points on the body to restore energy flow and promote healing.
- Herbal medicine: The use of plants and plant extracts to treat illnesses and promote health.
- Homeopathy: A system of medicine that uses small doses of substances that cause symptoms to stimulate the body's natural defenses and promote healing.
- Chiropractic: A type of healthcare that focuses on the relationship between the body's structure (mainly the spine) and its functioning.
- Massage therapy: A type of treatment that involves using touch to manipulate the body and promote relaxation, reduce pain, and improve circulation.
- Yoga and meditation: Practices that involve using breathing techniques, postures, and focused attention to promote relaxation and improve overall well-being.

## Conclusion:
CAM is a diverse field that encompasses many different practices and approaches to health and healing. While there are potential benefits to using CAM, it is important to discuss any plans with your healthcare provider to ensure that it is safe and appropriate for you. By understanding the basics of CAM, you can make informed decisions about your own health and well-being.


text: telephonaki. telephonaki. The official app & game. Distributed by ApkOnline. SCREENSHOTS. DESCRIPTION. Download this app named telephonaki.If you live abroad and you want the cheapest communication with your friends and family from Greece, now you can have your own Greek landline number on your mobile phone.. Get Telephonaki app and add on your mobile phone a landline number from any Greek city you want.. Your friends and family can call you with landline charges and you can talk as much as you want without charges for the incoming calls. With Telephonaki app you call everyone with the cheapest call charges of the market.. Those with Telephonaki app on their mobile can communicate with each other for free!. Forget phone pay cards and hidden charges, just convert your mobile into a landline phone with Telephonaki app.. Updates:Low balance warning feature. Id verification check before call. telephonaki from ApkOnline.net

textbook:
Lesson Title: How to Use Telephonaki App for Cheap Communication with Friends and Family Abroad

Introduction:
Telephonaki is an app that allows you to make cheap calls to your friends and family members living abroad. In this lesson, we will learn how to download and use the Telephonaki app, its features, and benefits.

Section 1: Installing and Setting up the Telephonaki App

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- What is Telephonaki?
- Why is Telephonaki useful?

**Practical Examples:**
- How to download Telephonaki app?
- How to set up Telephonaki app?

**Real-World Scenarios:**
- Imagine you are living abroad and want to call your family in Greece. How can you use Telephonaki to make cheap calls?

Section 2: Using Telephonaki App Features

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- What are the features of Telephonaki app?
- How does Telephonaki app work?

**Practical Examples:**
- How to make a call using Telephonaki app?
- How to receive calls using Telephonaki app?

**Real-World Scenarios:**
- Suppose you have low balance on your mobile phone. How can Telephonaki app help you?

Section 3: Benefits of Using Telephonaki App

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- What are the benefits of using Telephonaki app?
- Why is Telephonaki app better than other calling apps?

**Practical Examples:**
- How can you save money by using Telephonaki app?
- Can you use Telephonaki app to call landlines in other countries?

**Real-World Scenarios:**
- Suppose you want to call a friend who also has Telephonaki app. How can you make a free call?

Glossary:
- Telephonaki: An app that allows you to make cheap calls to your friends and family members living abroad.
- Landline: A fixed telephone line that is connected to a wall and used for making calls.
- Cheap calls: Calls that are affordable and do not cost a lot of money.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the Telephonaki app, its features, and benefits. We also learned how to download, set up, and use the app to make cheap calls to our friends and family members living abroad. By using Telephonaki app, we can save money on international calls and stay connected with our loved ones.


text: Down. Special design for the modified engine from from stock to middle level. Over ten parameters can be adjusted by smartphone*. 3D fuel, 3D ignition timing, fuel in acceleration, fuel cut in deceleration, idle rpm...etc can be adjusted. Unlock rpm limited and can define rpm limited by user. Vechicle standard control strategy, include temperture, baro compansation. Stock engine with RCMini5 ECU can increase at least 10~15% power. Plug and play. Meet the IP67 standard. RCMini5 with AF1 can achieve the fuel correction by close loop. *bLink is necessary. Power Spark Red Coil. Power Spark High Performance Ignition Coil

textbook:
Lesson: How to Modify an Engine for Improved Performance

Introduction:
Modifying an engine for improved performance is a common practice among car enthusiasts. In this lesson, we will learn about the steps involved in modifying an engine, the benefits of doing so, and the tools and techniques used to achieve optimal results.

Section 1: Understanding Engine Modification

Topic 1: Why Modify an Engine?
- Improved performance: Modifying an engine can lead to increased horsepower, torque, and acceleration, making your vehicle faster and more responsive.
- Enhanced fuel efficiency: By optimizing the engine's performance, you can improve its fuel efficiency, saving you money on gas.
- Customization: Modifying an engine allows you to personalize your vehicle and make it unique.

Topic 2: Types of Engine Modifications
- Internal modifications: These involve changing the internal components of the engine, such as the pistons, rods, and crankshaft.
- External modifications: These involve changing the external components of the engine, such as the intake and exhaust systems.
- Electronic modifications: These involve changing the engine's computer system to optimize its performance.

Section 2: Steps to Modify an Engine

Topic 1: Assess the Current Engine Condition
- Inspect the engine for any damage or wear and tear.
- Determine the vehicle's intended use (e.g., racing, daily driving).
- Identify the desired performance improvements.

Topic 2: Choose the Modifications to be Made
- Based on the inspection and intended use, select the appropriate modifications to be made to the engine.
- Consider factors such as cost, ease of installation, and compatibility with other components.

Topic 3: Install the Modifications
- Follow the manufacturer's guidelines for installing the modifications.
- Use specialized tools and equipment as needed.
- Test the engine after each modification to ensure proper functioning.

Section 3: Tools and Techniques for Engine Modification

Topic 1: Engine Tuning Software
- Allows you to adjust various engine parameters, such as fuel injection, ignition timing, and boost pressure.
- Can be used to diagnose and fix engine issues.

Topic 2: Dyno Testing
- A dynamometer (dyno) is a device used to measure an engine's power output.
- Can be used to test the engine's performance before and after modifications.

Topic 3: Forced Induction
- Involves forcing air into the engine using a turbocharger or supercharger.
- Can significantly increase power output.

Glossary:
- Horsepower: A measure of an engine's power output.
- Torque: A measure of an engine's rotational force.
- Boost pressure: The amount of pressure created by a turbocharger or supercharger.

Conclusion:
Engine modification can greatly enhance the performance of your vehicle. By understanding the reasons for modifying an engine, the types of modifications available, and the steps involved in the process, you can make informed decisions about improving your engine's performance. With the right tools and techniques, you can achieve optimal results and enjoy the enhanced performance of your vehicle.


text: The Department of Energy announced a plan Wednesday to roll back energy efficiency standards for light bulbs sold in the U.S.. The regulation was a combined effort of former presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama, set to start being enforced in January 2020. It requires most bulbs sold in the country be LED or fluorescent, gradually phasing out the less efficient incandescent or halogen bulbs. As the enforcement date has drawn closer, stores have become increasingly stocked with energy efficient bulbs.. The Trump administration's plan to cancel the energy-saving regulations has been in the works since at least February. It's a decision that's expected to increase greenhouse gas emissions. According to the Natural Resources Defense Council, keeping inefficient light bulbs will require "at least 25 power plants' worth of extra electricity every year.". The public has two months to comment on the administration's 193-page proposal.

textbook:
Title: Understanding the Impact of Energy Efficiency Standards on Light Bulbs

### Lesson Overview
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of energy efficiency standards for light bulbs and how they impact our daily lives. We will cover the following topics:

1. What are energy efficiency standards for light bulbs?
2. Why are energy efficiency standards important?
3. How do energy efficiency standards impact the environment?
4. What is the current status of energy efficiency standards for light bulbs in the US?
5. What are the benefits and drawbacks of energy efficiency standards for light bulbs?
6. How can we apply the skills gained from this topic to new problems?

### Section 1: What are energy efficiency standards for light bulbs?
Energy efficiency standards refer to government policies that set minimum requirements for the energy consumption of certain products, such as light bulbs. These standards aim to reduce energy waste and promote the use of more efficient technologies.

### Section 2: Why are energy efficiency standards important?
Energy efficiency standards are important because they help reduce energy waste, save consumers money on their energy bills, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. By promoting the use of more efficient technologies, energy efficiency standards encourage innovation and competition in the marketplace, leading to better products and lower prices for consumers.

### Section 3: How do energy efficiency standards impact the environment?
Energy efficiency standards play a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating the impacts of climate change. By promoting the use of more efficient technologies, energy efficiency standards help reduce the amount of energy required to power our homes and businesses, which in turn reduces the amount of carbon dioxide and other pollutants emitted into the atmosphere.

### Section 4: What is the current status of energy efficiency standards for light bulbs in the US?
In the United States, energy efficiency standards for light bulbs were first introduced in 2007 under President George W. Bush and later strengthened by President Barack Obama. These standards require that most bulbs sold in the country be LED or fluorescent, gradually phasing out the less efficient incandescent or halogen bulbs. However, in 2019, the Trump administration proposed a plan to roll back these energy efficiency standards, citing concerns from manufacturers about the cost of compliance.

### Section 5: What are the benefits and drawbacks of energy efficiency standards for light bulbs?
Benefits of energy efficiency standards for light bulbs include:
- Reduced energy waste
- Lower energy bills for consumers
- Encouragement of innovation and competition in the marketplace
- Reduced greenhouse gas emissions

Drawbacks of energy efficiency standards for light bulbs include:
- Potential costs associated with compliance for manufacturers
- Limited availability of certain types of bulbs
- Concerns about the quality or performance of some energy-efficient bulbs
- Potential for job losses in industries that produce less efficient bulbs

### Section 6: How can we apply the skills gained from this topic to new problems?
By understanding the importance of energy efficiency standards for light bulbs, we can apply this knowledge to other areas of our lives. For example, we can look for ways to reduce energy waste in our own homes and communities, such as by switching to more efficient appliances or improving insulation. We can also advocate for stronger energy efficiency standards in other areas, such as buildings or transportation. Additionally, we can use the skills gained from this topic to analyze and evaluate the potential impacts of other policy proposals related to energy and the environment.


text: What is a Zoning By-law?. The Town of Collingwood Zoning By-law put the policies of the Official Plan into “law” for day-to-day administration. It contains specific requirements that are legally enforceable. Construction or new development that doesn't comply with the Zoning By-law is not allowed, and the municipality will refuse to issue a building permit.. The Zoning By-law controls the use of land in your community. It states exactly:. - how land may be used. - where buildings and other structures can be located. - the lot sizes and dimensions, parking requirements, building heights and setbacks from the street

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Zoning By-laws

### Section 1: What are Zoning By-laws?
Zoning By-laws are legal documents that control the use of land in a community. They are created by municipalities to ensure that land is used in a way that is safe, healthy, and sustainable. Zoning By-laws regulate the location, size, and design of buildings and other structures, as well as the use of land for different purposes such as residential, commercial, or industrial.

### Section 2: Why do we need Zoning By-laws?
Zoning By-laws are necessary because they help to manage growth and development in a community. They ensure that land is used in a way that is consistent with the goals and objectives of the municipality's Official Plan. This helps to protect the environment, promote economic development, and create safe and livable communities.

### Section 3: How do Zoning By-laws work?
Zoning By-laws are divided into different zones, each of which has specific rules and regulations that govern its use. For example, a residential zone might allow for single-family homes, while a commercial zone might allow for stores and offices. When someone wants to build or develop land, they must first obtain a building permit from the municipality. The municipality will review the proposed development to ensure that it complies with the Zoning By-law. If the development does not comply with the Zoning By-law, the municipality will not issue a building permit.

### Section 4: Examples of Zoning By-laws
Here are some examples of what might be included in a Zoning By-law:
- Use restrictions: These specify what types of buildings or uses are allowed in a particular zone. For example, a residential zone might only allow for single-family homes, while a commercial zone might allow for stores and offices.
- Building height limits: These specify how tall buildings can be in a particular zone.
- Setback requirements: These specify how close buildings can be to the property line or the street.
- Parking requirements: These specify how many parking spaces must be provided for a new development.
- Lot size and dimension requirements: These specify the minimum size and shape of lots in a particular zone.

### Section 5: Conclusion
Zoning By-laws play an important role in managing growth and development in our communities. They help to ensure that land is used in a way that is safe, healthy, and sustainable. By understanding the basics of Zoning By-laws, we can better appreciate their importance and work towards creating vibrant and livable communities.


text: Davis-Putter Scholarship Fund– scholarship aids people active in movements for social and economic justice.. Due: April 1st, Award: $10,000. HonorsGradU Multimedia Scholarship-Submit an application via multimedia (video only for continuing college students, HS seniors can choose other mediums). Due: April 16th, Award: $3,000. Great Minds in Stem Scholarship Award– For students pursuing a degree in the STEM fields, with an overall GPA of 3.0 or higher. Applicants must be of Hispanic origin and/or must significantly demonstrate leadership or service within the Hispanic community (Opens January 2017). Due: April 30th, Award: $500-$10,000. Latpro’s Hispanic Scholarship. Applicants: A full time student in an undergrad or grad program at a Latpro program school (check the website for a list). Due: April 30th, Award: $3,000

textbook:
Lesson: Scholarship Opportunities for High School Seniors

Introduction:
Scholarships are financial aids that help students pay for their education. In this lesson, we will learn about four scholarship opportunities available for high school seniors. We will discuss the requirements, deadlines, and awards for each scholarship. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to identify which scholarship opportunities align with your interests and qualifications.

Section 1: Davis-Putter Scholarship Fund

The Davis-Putter Scholarship Fund provides financial aid to students who are actively involved in social and economic justice movements. This scholarship is open to high school seniors who plan to attend college or graduate school. The amount awarded is $10,000.

Questions:
- What does it mean to be "active" in social and economic justice movements?
- How does the Davis-Putter Scholarship Fund determine who is eligible for the scholarship?

Section 2: HonorsGradU Multimedia Scholarship

The HonorsGradU Multimedia Scholarship is open to high school seniors who plan to attend college. The scholarship requires applicants to submit a multimedia project, which can be a video, podcast, or infographic. The amount awarded is $3,000.

Questions:
- What types of multimedia projects can applicants submit?
- How does the scholarship committee evaluate the multimedia projects?

Section 3: Great Minds in STEM Scholarship Award

The Great Minds in STEM Scholarship Award is open to high school seniors who are pursuing a degree in the STEM fields. Applicants must be of Hispanic origin and/or must significantly demonstrate leadership or service within the Hispanic community. The amount awarded ranges from $500 to $10,000.

Questions:
- What are the STEM fields?
- How does the scholarship committee determine who is eligible for the award?

Section 4: Latpro's Hispanic Scholarship

Latpro's Hispanic Scholarship is open to high school seniors who are enrolled in a Latpro program school. Applicants must be full-time students in an undergraduate or graduate program. The amount awarded is $3,000.

Questions:
- What is a Latpro program school?
- How does the scholarship committee select the recipients?

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about four scholarship opportunities for high school seniors. We discussed the requirements, deadlines, and awards for each scholarship. By understanding the criteria for each scholarship, you can identify which opportunities align with your interests and qualifications. Remember to carefully read the instructions and requirements before applying for any scholarship.

Glossary:
- Scholarship: Financial aid that helps students pay for their education
- Eligible: Meeting the requirements for something
- Deadline: The last day to submit an application
- Amount: The total value of the scholarship
- Award: The money given to the scholarship recipient
- Multimedia: A combination of different forms of media, such as text, audio, images, animation, video, etc.
- STEM: Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
- Hispanic: Relating to a person from Spain or a Spanish-speaking country
- Latpro: A company that connects Hispanic and bilingual professionals with employers

[**Note: This is just an example of a lesson that could be created based on the input text. It is not meant to be a comprehensive or accurate representation of all scholarship opportunities.**]


text: We have been taking some cracked corn, putting it in the blender and crushing it up really small, and feeding a little to the chicks (4 weeks old) each night as a treat. When can we stop using the blender to chop it up so small? I was wondering if they'd choke on it or just swallow it like they do worms? Thanks, Ed

textbook:
Core Value: Feeding chicks and preventing choking hazards

Lesson: Feeding Chicks and Preventing Choking Hazards

## Section 1: Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of feeding chicks properly and preventing choking hazards. We will also learn when to stop using the blender to chop up the corn for the chicks.

## Section 2: Theoretical Concepts

### Subsection 2.1: Importance of Proper Feeding

Proper feeding is essential for the growth and development of chicks. It ensures that they receive the right amount of nutrients needed for their growth. Feeding them with the right food also prevents health issues such as obesity, diarrhea, and other digestive problems.

### Subsection 2.2: Choking Hazards

Choking hazards are common among young animals, including chicks. They can easily swallow small objects that can block their airways, leading to suffocation. Therefore, it's crucial to avoid giving them objects that can cause choking.

## Section 3: Practical Examples

### Subsection 3.1: When to Stop Using the Blender

You can stop using the blender to chop up the corn for the chicks when they are no longer able to swallow it whole. This usually happens when they reach around six weeks of age. At this point, their esophagus has developed enough to prevent them from choking on the corn.

### Subsection 3.2: Real-World Scenarios

Suppose you have a group of four-week-old chicks, and you want to give them a treat made of cracked corn. If you were to give them the whole corn kernels, they could easily choke on them. However, by using a blender to chop up the corn into smaller pieces, you reduce the risk of choking. As the chicks grow older, you can gradually increase the size of the corn kernels until they can eat them whole without choking.

## Section 4: Self-Debating Discussions

### Subsection 4.1: Benefits of Using a Blender

Using a blender to chop up the corn has several benefits. Firstly, it reduces the risk of choking, which is essential for the safety of the chicks. Secondly, it allows you to control the size of the corn kernels, ensuring that the chicks get the right amount of nutrients. Finally, it saves time and effort, as you don't have to manually chop up the corn.

### Subsection 4.2: Drawbacks of Using a Blender

However, there are also some drawbacks to using a blender. Firstly, it requires an additional piece of equipment, which can be inconvenient and add to the cost. Secondly, it can create a mess, as the blender can spill or leak. Finally, some chicks may become accustomed to the texture of the blended corn and refuse to eat whole corn kernels later on.

## Section 5: Glossary

- Chicks: Young birds, especially domesticated fowl such as chickens, ducks, and geese.
- Esophagus: A muscular tube connecting the mouth and stomach, responsible for transporting food from the mouth to the stomach.
- Obesity: A condition characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the body.
- Diarrhea: Frequent passing of loose or liquid stools.
- Digestive problems: Conditions affecting the digestive system, such as indigestion, constipation, and gastroenteritis.

## Section 6: Conclusion

In conclusion, proper feeding and preventing choking hazards are essential for the health and well-being of chicks. By using a blender to chop up the corn for the chicks, you can reduce the risk of choking and ensure that they receive the right amount of nutrients. However, it's essential to stop using the blender once the chicks are no longer able to swallow the corn whole, usually around six weeks of age. Remember to always supervise the chicks during feeding time and provide them with a balanced diet to ensure their growth and development.


text: Privileged Access Management is an imperative to addressing PCI compliance. Yet its importance extends beyond just meeting PCI compliance requirements as it allows an organization to improve its overall security posture against today’s external and internal threats. CA Privileged Access Manager provides an effective way to implement privileged access management in support of PCI compliance and other security needs.

textbook:
**Lesson: Introduction to Privileged Access Management**

**Objective:** Understand the concept of Privileged Access Management (PAM) and its importance in ensuring security in organizations.

**Section 1: Theoretical Concepts**

- What is Privileged Access Management?
    - Privileged Access Management (PAM) is a set of practices and tools that enable organizations to manage and control access to critical systems, assets, and data.
- Why is PAM important?
    - PAM is essential in protecting organizations from cyber attacks, data breaches, and unauthorized access to sensitive information.
- How does PAM help in meeting PCI compliance requirements?
    - PAM helps in meeting PCI compliance requirements by providing a secure way of managing access to critical systems and data.

**Section 2: Practical Examples**

- Real-world scenario: A financial institution uses PAM to manage access to its network and systems.
    - By implementing PAM, the financial institution can ensure that only authorized personnel have access to critical systems, reducing the risk of data breaches and cyber attacks.
- Mathematical abstraction: Using role-based access control (RBAC) in PAM.
    - RBAC is a method of restricting user access to systems and data based on their roles within the organization.

**Section 3: Self-Debating Discussion**

- Critical thinking question: How can organizations ensure that they are effectively managing access to critical systems and data?
    - Organizations can ensure that they are effectively managing access to critical systems and data by implementing PAM solutions that provide visibility into user activity, enforce strong authentication methods, and limit access to only those who need it.

**Glossary**

- Privileged Access Management (PAM): A set of practices and tools that enable organizations to manage and control access to critical systems, assets, and data.
- Role-based access control (RBAC): A method of restricting user access to systems and data based on their roles within the organization.

**Conclusion**

Privileged Access Management is an essential tool for organizations looking to improve their security posture and meet PCI compliance requirements. By implementing PAM, organizations can ensure that only authorized personnel have access to critical systems and data, reducing the risk of data breaches and cyber attacks.


text: 1500 Miles Away? Pandemic? No problem! Words cannot express just how WONDERFUL and AMAZING it was to work with Tamara.. We live in Texas, but wanted our wedding to be near family in Pennsylvania, 1500 miles away... and COVID-19 was in full swing. We used the phone and online meetings for everything.. Tamara was our guide at every step of the way. She walked us through everything from initial discussions, explaining her services, vision casting, budget planning, venue selection, decorations, ceremony, food and beverages, music... everything. She kept us on track and focused with homework, to-do lists and due dates.. Tamara was our eyes and ears. Behind the scenes, she was touring venues, and vetting vendors, negotiating contracts, and keeping on top of the impact of COVID. She was prompt and direct when complication arose, and she researched and proposed solutions.. If you want the absolute best wedding planner, talk to Tamara.. Not just for weddings, but any meeting or event!. Timothy Valleley.

textbook:
Lesson: Effective Communication Skills
Introduction:
Effective communication is an essential life skill that can help us in various situations, such as personal relationships, job interviews, and presentations. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of effective communication, its different aspects, and how to improve our communication skills.
Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is that effective communication is a vital skill that can help us succeed in various aspects of our lives.
Section 1: Importance of Effective Communication
Topic 1: Personal Relationships
- Effective communication is crucial in maintaining healthy personal relationships.
- It helps us express our feelings, needs, and opinions with others.
- Good communication skills can prevent misunderstandings and conflicts in relationships.
Topic 2: Professional Life
- Effective communication is essential in the workplace for successful teamwork and project management.
- It helps us convey our ideas clearly and persuasively to colleagues, clients, and supervisors.
- Poor communication skills can lead to misunderstandings, missed deadlines, and lost business opportunities.
Section 2: Aspects of Effective Communication
Topic 1: Verbal Communication
- Verbal communication refers to the use of words and sounds to exchange information.
- It is essential to choose appropriate words and tone to convey our message effectively.
- Poor verbal communication can lead to misinterpretation of our message.
Topic 2: Non-Verbal Communication
- Non-verbal communication includes body language, facial expressions, and gestures.
- It helps us convey emotions and attitudes that verbal communication may not express.
- Poor non-verbal communication can also lead to misinterpretation of our message.
Topic 3: Active Listening
- Active listening is the process of paying attention to the speaker and responding appropriately.
- It involves giving feedback, asking clarifying questions, and summarizing the speaker's message.
- Poor active listening skills can lead to misunderstandings and missed opportunities for collaboration.
Section 3: How to Improve Communication Skills
Topic 1: Practice
- Practice makes perfect. The more we practice effective communication, the better we become at it.
- Seek opportunities to communicate with others, such as joining a club or participating in group discussions.
Topic 2: Feedback
- Feedback is essential for improving our communication skills.
- Ask others for feedback on your communication style and act on their suggestions.
Topic 3: Emotional Intelligence
- Emotional intelligence is the ability to understand and manage our emotions and those of others.
- It involves self-awareness, self-regulation, social awareness, and relationship management.
- Developing emotional intelligence can help us communicate more effectively with others.
Conclusion:
Effective communication is a vital skill that can help us succeed in various aspects of our lives. By understanding the importance of effective communication, its different aspects, and how to improve our communication skills, we can become better communicators and achieve our goals more effectively.


text: The Bristol based branch of Wilkinson Cowan Partnership has undergone a total brand review and today unveiled its new logo, tagline and website to support its evolution to a leading management service.. The launch of their new website () will seek to increase RMS’s online presence and help to communicate with current as well as prospective clients.. Managing Director, Jonathan Ross comments on RMS’s rebranding:. “It is an exciting time for RMS as we have continued to develop as a successful firm. It is important to us that we retain our established values as we continue to work in association with Wilkinson Cowan Partnership Ltd, but at the same time develop a new and modern identity. We have worked closely with our staff, as well as focusing on our clients to develop a brand identity that represents what RMS is all about, which is ultimately delivering our professional services to our clients with Pride, Passion and Performance”

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Branding

**Section 1: What is Branding?**
Branding refers to the process of creating a unique identity for a company or product. It involves designing a logo, tagline, and website that reflect the company's values and mission. Branding helps businesses stand out from their competitors and create a positive image in the minds of customers.

**Section 2: Why is Branding Important?**
Branding is essential for several reasons. First, it helps businesses establish a reputation and differentiate themselves from competitors. A strong brand can make a company more attractive to potential customers and employees. Second, branding helps companies communicate their unique selling proposition (USP) to the market. This helps customers understand what makes the company's products or services different from others. Finally, branding creates customer loyalty and increases the likelihood that customers will return to the company for future purchases.

**Section 3: How do you Create a Strong Brand?**
Creating a strong brand involves several steps. First, businesses must identify their target audience and understand their needs and preferences. Next, they should develop a unique brand message that resonates with their target audience. This message should be consistent across all marketing materials, including the company's website, social media profiles, and advertising campaigns. Finally, businesses should ensure that their brand reflects their company culture and values. This can be achieved by involving employees in the branding process and ensuring that the brand aligns with the company's mission and vision.

**Section 4: Branding Examples**
There are many examples of successful branding efforts. Apple is a great example of a company that has created a strong brand identity. Their logo, tagline ("Think Different"), and website all reflect the company's focus on innovation and creativity. Nike is another example of a company with a powerful brand. Their "Just Do It" tagline and iconic swoosh logo have become synonymous with the company's commitment to athleticism and performance.

**Section 5: Conclusion**
Branding is a crucial component of any successful business. By creating a unique identity and communicating a clear message, companies can differentiate themselves from competitors and establish a loyal customer base. Whether you are starting a new business or looking to rebrand an existing one, taking the time to develop a strong brand identity can pay off in the long run.


text: Results for psychoanalytic. Search took 0.26 seconds.. Take Heedin The Online Universities Weblog, on April 17, 2005. ... Heed's programs are priced based on the degree and not per credit or semester. The cost of its psychoanalytic doctoral program, for instance, is listed as $10,500.. After a reporter inquired seve.... Online Dating With Psychoanalytic Matchmakingin The Dating Weblog, on March 10, 2004. Dr. Freud. Any man's dream of a buddy. What other could you wish in this life that having a friend that knows the most about how women think?. Did I say Dr Freud? I meant Dr. Fred. He started a new dating site , that promises to use a psychoanalitical approach to the online matchmaking process...

textbook:
Title: Introduction to Psychoanalysis

### Section 1: What is Psychoanalysis?

Psychoanalysis is a field of study that focuses on understanding the unconscious mind and how it influences our behavior, thoughts, and emotions. It was first developed by Sigmund Freud in the late 19th century and has since evolved into a widely studied discipline in psychology.

### Section 2: Key Concepts in Psychoanalysis

There are several key concepts in psychoanalysis that are essential to understanding the field. These include:

1. Unconscious Mind: The unconscious mind refers to the part of our mind that contains memories, thoughts, and feelings that we are not aware of. These can influence our behavior and emotions without us realizing it.

2. Defense Mechanisms: These are ways that our mind protects us from painful or difficult thoughts and emotions. Examples include repression, denial, and projection.

3. Id, Ego, and Superego: These are three parts of the psyche that Freud believed made up the human personality. The id represents our basic instincts and desires, the ego is our rational and practical self, and the superego is our moral conscience.

4. Oedipus Complex: This is a theory that suggests that during a certain stage of development, children may have unconscious feelings of attraction towards their parents and jealousy towards the same-sex parent.

5. Psychosexual Stages: Freud believed that personality development occurs through a series of stages focused on different erogenous zones. These stages are oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.

### Section 3: Applying Psychoanalysis in Real-Life Scenarios

Psychoanalysis can be applied in various real-life scenarios, such as:

1. Understanding personal relationships: By analyzing our unconscious motivations and defense mechanisms, we can better understand why we behave a certain way in relationships and work towards improving them.

2. Treating mental health disorders: Clinical psychoanalysis can be used to treat various mental health disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

3. Improving self-awareness: By understanding our unconscious mind, we can become more self-aware and make conscious decisions based on our true motivations and desires.

### Glossary

- Unconscious Mind: The part of our mind that contains memories, thoughts, and feelings that we are not aware of.
- Defense Mechanisms: Ways that our mind protects us from painful or difficult thoughts and emotions.
- Id, Ego, and Superego: Three parts of the psyche that make up the human personality.
- Oedipus Complex: A theory suggesting that during a certain stage of development, children may have unconscious feelings of attraction towards their parents and jealousy towards the same-sex parent.
- Psychosexual Stages: Stages of personality development focused on different erogenous zones.

### Conclusion

Psychoanalysis is a fascinating field of study that helps us understand the complexities of the human mind. By applying its key concepts, we can gain insights into our own behavior, thoughts, and emotions, as well as those of others. Whether it's improving personal relationships, treating mental health disorders, or simply becoming more self-aware, psychoanalysis has something valuable to offer.


text:
Curiosity suspends sampling, may have dropped a bit of itself

NASA’s unmanned Mars rover Curiosity took a pause in its activities after spotting a bright object. As yet unidentified, it was spotted while Curiosity was collecting its first soil samples. Fearing that the object might be a part of Curiosity itself that fell off, mission control at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California has suspended Curiosity’s exploration until the object is identified.

First sighted by Curiosity’s Mast Camera (Mastcam), the object is very small, but quite shiny and metallic. It may be a bit of mineral that shines, such as quartz, or it could be a bit of Curiosity itself. Since repair a hundred million miles from the nearest garage is not an option, JPL must determine if it is a rover part, whether its loss is important and if a workaround needs to be devised to make up for the loss. As part of this, JPL has instructed Curiosity to take a new series of images of the area in hopes of finding the answers.

Since landing on Mars on August 6, the nuclear-powered Curiosity has begun its two-year mission to explore Mars in search of sites where life might have or still does exist. Since landing, mission control at JPL has put the robot explorer through a rigorous three-week shakedown followed by a series of test drives. During this time, Curiosity fired its rock-vaporizing laser, streamed the first human voice from another planet, wrote messages in the Martian soil, gave itself a thorough self-examination, studied its first rock using its robotic arm, investigated an ancient stream bed, made the first foursquare check-in from another planet and prepared its internal laboratories to receive soil samples.

Image from Curiosity showing the bright object in the foreground (Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech)

360 degree panorama taken by Curiosity on October 1 (Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech)

Image from Curiosity showing the bright object in the foreground (Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech)

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textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Attention to Detail in Scientific Research

Introduction:
Scientific research requires careful attention to detail to ensure accuracy and validity of results. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of attention to detail in scientific research using the example of NASA's Mars rover Curiosity.

Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
- Attention to detail is crucial in scientific research to avoid errors and misinterpretations of data.
- Accuracy and precision are essential qualities of good scientific research.

Section 2: Questions and Answers
- Why is attention to detail important in scientific research?
    - To ensure accuracy and validity of results.
    - To avoid errors and misinterpretations of data.
- How does attention to detail contribute to the quality of scientific research?
    - By improving the accuracy and precision of measurements and observations.
    - By minimizing the risk of errors and misinterpretations.

Section 3: Practical Examples
- NASA's Mars rover Curiosity recently spotted an unidentified object while collecting soil samples.
- Mission control at JPL suspended Curiosity's exploration until the object was identified.
- The object may be a bit of mineral that shines, such as quartz, or it could be a bit of Curiosity itself.
- JPL must determine if it is a rover part, whether its loss is important, and if a workaround needs to be devised.

Section 4: Real-World Scenarios
- Imagine you are a scientist studying the effects of climate change on plant growth.
- You notice that your data shows a significant increase in plant growth over the past ten years.
- However, upon closer inspection, you realize that you accidentally included data from a nearby garden in your analysis.
- This error would lead to incorrect conclusions and potentially mislead others in the scientific community.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, attention to detail is a critical component of scientific research. By carefully examining data and observations, researchers can ensure the accuracy and validity of their results. In the case of Curiosity, attention to detail helped identify an unidentified object and prevent potential harm to the rover. By practicing careful attention to detail, we can improve the quality of our scientific research and contribute to a greater understanding of the world around us.

Glossary:
- Attention to detail: The act of paying close attention to every aspect of a task to ensure accuracy and precision.
- Accuracy: The degree of closeness of a measurement to its true value.
- Precision: The degree of consistency of measurements.
- Validity: The degree to which evidence and arguments support each other and the conclusion.


text: Top Ten Highlights of 2017!. 1.:. - Little India Magazine cover story. - NextDayBetter Video for AARP-AAPI. - Next Avenue/PBS featured India Home. - Feet in Two World’s podcast. - Voice of America TV feature. 5. India Home won a Communities of Color Non-Profit Stabilization Fund award that supported our efforts to create a long term strategic plan and come up with a road map for the future.. 6. Our elders took part in Rubin Museum’s Annual Block Party and helped bring awareness of immigrant aging to over 5000

textbook:
Lesson: How to Create a Successful Magazine Cover Story

Introduction:
A successful magazine cover story can help you reach a wider audience and share your message with the world. In this lesson, we will explore the top ten highlights of Little India Magazine's cover story in 2017 and learn the key steps to creating a compelling and engaging cover story.

Section 1: Understanding the Purpose of a Cover Story

The purpose of a cover story is to grab the reader's attention and entice them to read the entire magazine. A good cover story should be visually appealing, informative, and engaging. It should also reflect the magazine's theme and target audience.

Section 2: Creating an Engaging Title

The title of your cover story is the first thing readers see, so it should be catchy, memorable, and relevant to the content. A good title can make all the difference between someone picking up the magazine or passing it by.

Section 3: Choosing the Right Visuals

Visuals are a crucial part of any cover story. They should be eye-catching, relevant to the content, and reflect the magazine's style and theme. You can use photographs, illustrations, or even infographics to convey your message.

Section 4: Crafting a Compelling Lead

The lead is the opening paragraph of your cover story. It should be interesting, informative, and engaging. It should also set the tone for the rest of the story and entice readers to keep reading.

Section 5: Developing a Strong Narrative

The narrative is the heart of your cover story. It should be well-researched, well-written, and engaging. It should tell a story that readers can relate to and provide insights into the topic.

Section 6: Incorporating Visual Elements

Visual elements such as charts, graphs, and illustrations can help break up the text and make the story more engaging. They should be relevant to the content and add value to the story.

Section 7: Editing and Proofreading

Once you have finished writing your cover story, it is essential to edit and proofread it carefully. Check for spelling errors, grammar mistakes, and inconsistencies in the story.

Conclusion:
Creating a successful magazine cover story requires careful planning, research, and execution. By following these steps and staying true to your magazine's theme and target audience, you can create a compelling and engaging cover story that will capture readers' attention and help you achieve your goals.

Glossary:
- Cover story: A feature story that appears on the front cover of a magazine.
- Theme: The central idea or message of a magazine.
- Target audience: The intended readership of a magazine.
- Engaging: Holding the attention of the reader.
- Narrative: A story that tells a series of related events.
- Insights: New and valuable information about a topic.
- Charts: Graphical representations of data.
- Illustrations: Drawings or pictures that help explain a concept.
- Infographics: Combination of text and images to convey information.


text:
Hunting danger to one of world's most-threatened birds

Hunting in the Middle East has been recognised as a major threat to one of the world’s most endangered birds.
A joint survey mission by RSPB and the Syrian Society for Conservation of Wildlife SSCW has uncovered the new dangers in Syria to the sociable lapwing.

Alarming news suggests that critically endangered sociable lapwings have been shot by hunters in north-east Syria, one of the bird's most important migration sites.

Conservationists from Europe, Africa and Asia are attending a sociable lapwing summit in Kazakhstan and the newly identified threat will be top of the delegates' agendas.

Avert

The RSPB's Rob Sheldon leads a research team studying the sociable lapwing, funded by the UK Government's Darwin Initiative. Speaking from the summit he said: “Thankfully, Syrian Government rangers moved rapidly to the area and were able to negotiate with the hunters and avert a worse disaster, which could have affected the hundreds of sociable lapwings passing through Syria on migration.”

"We are heartened by the quick response of the Syrian authorities and by the evidence that hunters are willing to spare them, if they are made aware of the bird's plight."

The birds migrate through the region between their north-east African wintering areas and the bird's only nesting site - the Central Asian steppe grasslands, principally Kazakhstan. The bird's wintering grounds have only been confirmed recently when an RSPB satellite-tracking project tracked the movements of birds from Kazakhstan to Sudan.

High risk of extinction

The sociable lapwing - an attractive type of wading bird is one of the 190 of the world's critically endangered birds and thus faces an extremely high risk of extinction. The species is thought to have declined by 90 per cent since the 1990s; the world population of this bird is now thought to number no more than 11,200 individuals.

Rob Sheldon added: "We have been striving to protect and understand more about this rapidly-declining species. These birds are so precious we can ill afford to lose a single individual. The sociable lapwing faces many threats and clearly hunting is emerging as a key danger. We are however heartened by the quick response of the Syrian authorities and by the evidence that hunters are willing to spare them, if they are made aware of the bird's plight."

Osama Al Nouri, general secretary of SSCW said: "We will be striving to protect these birds now that we have more understanding of the threats they face. This understanding will allow us to draw up protection plans for the next year."

Reacted immediately

A team of RSPB bird surveyors have been in Syria looking for sociable lapwings on migration. Working with members of the Syrian Society for Conservation of Wildlife SSCW, the team joined forces with the government (the General Commission for Al Badia Management and Development) who reacted immediately to the problem and dispatched rangers to monitor the sociable lapwings in the area and stop hunting.

The RSPB's Martin Scott is a member of the Society's survey team which has been based in Syria. He said: "It seems clear that hunting could be a major threat to the species. During our visit we've met with government officials, police chiefs and religious leaders and everyone we've spoken recognises the plight of this bird and is keen to take action to prevent further deaths."

The sociable lapwing is the second most threatened bird to occur in Syria, after the critically endangered Bald Ibis.

"It seems clear that hunting could be a major threat to the species"

International co-operation

ACBK is the RSPB's BirdLife International partner in Kazakhstan; the group is hosting the Sociable Lapwing workshop. Vitaliy Gromov, ACBK's director, said: "The Sociable Lapwing is the most threatened bird to occur in Kazakhstan, but its conservation relies on international co-operation. We are delighted to welcome delegates from Europe, Africa and Asia who all have a key stake in protecting this delightful bird."

The UK Government's Darwin Initiative has part-funded two sociable lapwing projects. The first a three-year project ending next month, funded research establishing reasons for the bird's decline, while the second which starts next month will start to seek to understand more about the bird's migration and wintering sites.

The RSPB and Swarovski Optik are the species champions for the sociable lapwing, under BirdLife International's Preventing Extinctions Programme.

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About the RSPB

The RSPB speaks out for birds and wildlife, tackling the problems that threaten our environment. We rely upon memberships and donations to fund our work. Nature is amazing - help us keep it that way. More...

textbook:
Lesson: Endangered Species Conservation

Introduction:

Endangered species are plants and animals that are at risk of becoming extinct. They are threatened by various factors such as habitat destruction, hunting, pollution, and climate change. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of conserving endangered species and the challenges involved in protecting them.

Section 1: Why Conserve Endangered Species?

Topic 1: Importance of Endangered Species

Endangered species play an essential role in maintaining the balance of nature. They help maintain the health of ecosystems by controlling pests and pollinating plants. Additionally, they provide food and shelter for other organisms and contribute to the planet's genetic variety.

Topic 2: Challenges in Conserving Endangered Species

Conserving endangered species is not easy. Some of the challenges involved are:

1. Habitat destruction: As human populations grow, natural habitats are destroyed to make way for buildings, roads, and farms.

2. Hunting: Many endangered species are hunted for sport or food, even though they are protected by law.

3. Pollution: Polluted air, water, and soil can harm wildlife and their habitats.

4. Climate change: Changes in the Earth's climate can cause some species to lose their homes or food sources.

5. Economic development: Economic growth often leads to more people needing land, water, and other resources, putting pressure on wildlife habitats.

Section 2: Sociable Lapwing Conservation

The sociable lapwing is an endangered bird found in parts of Europe, Africa, and Asia. It is threatened by habitat loss, hunting, and pollution. In Syria, a significant migration site for the sociable lapwing, hunters have been shooting them despite being protected by law.

Topic 1: Conservation Efforts

Conservationists from Europe, Africa, and Asia attended a summit in Kazakhstan to discuss the threats facing the sociable lapwing. The newly identified threat of hunting by hunters in north-east Syria will be top of the delegates' agendas.

Topic 2: A Success Story

A joint survey mission by RSPB and the Syrian Society for Conservation of Wildlife (SSCW) uncovered the new dangers in Syria to the sociable lapwing. Alarmingly, critically endangered sociable lapwings have been shot by hunters in north-east Syria, one of the bird's most important migration sites. However, Syrian Government rangers moved rapidly to the area and were able to negotiate with the hunters and avert a worse disaster, which could have affected the hundreds of sociable lapwings passing through Syria on migration.

Section 3: Conclusion

In conclusion, the conservation of endangered species is crucial to maintaining the balance of nature. The case of the sociable lapwing shows that even with laws protecting them, they can still be threatened by human activities. It is essential to raise awareness about the importance of conserving endangered species and work together to protect them.

Glossary:

- Endangered species: Plants and animals that are at risk of becoming extinct.
- Habitat: The natural environment in which a plant or animal lives.
- Pollution: The introduction of harmful substances into the environment.
- Climate change: Long-term shifts in temperatures, precipitation, and other weather patterns.
- Economic development: The process of improving a country's economy and standard of living.

Self-Debate:

1. How can we raise awareness about the importance of conserving endangered species?
2. What can we do to protect endangered species from human activities?
3. How can we work together to conserve endangered species?


text:
African Slender-Snouted Crocodile

Crocodylus cataphractus

The African Slender-snouted crocodile gets its name comes from its narrow snout, which is ideal for catching fish. Protective scales cover the back of the neck and merge into the scales on the back. Unlike other members of genus Crocodylus, there are four rows of these scales instead of two. They are a dark olive color on top (brighter in the young) and lighter on their underside. They do have dark blotches on their underside and their tail is usually heavily blotched or black.

The diet of an African Slender-snouted crocodile consists primarily of fish and small aquatic invertebrates. However, the larger crocodiles will eat larger animals if given the chance.

African Slender-snouted crocodiles are found in Central and Western Africa. These crocodiles live primarily in rivers but have been found in lakes and along the coast. The crocodiles on the coast indicate that there is some tolerance to salt water.

Just after hatching they are vulnerable to a wide array of predators, including soft-shelled turtles.

African Slender-snouted crocodiles are usually not found in groups except during the beginnings of the mating season.

The female crocodile constructs a mound nest out of plant fibers. After about a week she lays around 16 eggs (13 minimum, 27 maximum.) Compared to other crocodiles, the incubation period is very long, lasting up to 110 days. Once the eggs begin to hatch, the mother helps break open the nest and the young disperse.

As with most crocodiles, Slender-snouted crocodiles hear very will, and their eyesight and sense of smell are well developed.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to African Slender-Snouted Crocodiles

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

African Slender-Snouted Crocodiles are a species of crocodile found in Central and Western Africa. They are known for their narrow snouts, which make them well-suited for catching fish. In this lesson, we will learn about the physical characteristics, diet, and habitat of these fascinating creatures.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's consider a scenario where we encounter an African Slender-Snouted Crocodile in its natural habitat. We might observe that it has a dark olive color on top, with lighter blotches on its underside. Its tail is also heavily blotched or black. We can use our knowledge of its diet to predict what it might be doing. Since its diet consists mainly of fish, we would expect to see it hunting for fish in the water.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

One question we might ask is why the African Slender-Snouted Crocodile has evolved to have a narrow snout. One possible explanation is that it has adapted to its environment in order to catch fish more efficiently. A narrow snout allows for greater accuracy and speed when capturing prey. Another possibility is that the narrow snout is a result of competition with other predators in the area. By specializing in catching fish, the African Slender-Snouted Crocodile can avoid competition with larger predators that might otherwise dominate the same territory.

## Glossary

- **Crocodylus**: a genus of crocodilians
- **cataphractus**: a species of crocodile within the genus Crocodylus
- **olive**: a greenish-brown color
- **blotched**: marked with irregular spots or patches
- **underside**: the lower side of something
- **tail**: the rear part of an animal's body, extending beyond the trunk or main body
- **tolerance**: the ability to endure or put up with something

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the African Slender-Snouted Crocodile, including its physical characteristics, diet, and habitat. We also considered a practical example of observing one in its natural habitat and engaged in a self-debating discussion about its evolutionary adaptations. By understanding the key concepts and vocabulary related to this species, we can apply our knowledge to new problems and continue to learn about the fascinating world of wildlife.


text: i.. 3 thought(s):. That's the second post I've read today about giving back. That's a good one.. You could make a resolution to mentor or to do one volunteer project a month... something like that.. Ooh, mentoring is a good one T!. I keep saying that I'm going to be a "Big Sister" to someone, but never follow-through. Maybe this year will be different.. I also say that I'm going to get more organized, but I've come to terms that I will never be! LOL. I've realized that when you push yourself to be the best rather than to do your best, the fruits that you reap in the end can be so much more sweeter. so you go girl and be the goodest! LOL

textbook:
# Lesson: The Importance of Giving Back
## Section 1: Introduction
Giving back to the community is an essential aspect of being a responsible citizen. It involves sharing your time, resources, and talents with others to make a positive impact on their lives. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of giving back, the various ways to give back, and the benefits of doing so.
## Section 2: Why Giving Back is Important
Giving back to the community is essential because it helps to create a better world for everyone. When you give back, you are helping to improve the lives of others, which can lead to a more peaceful and prosperous society. Additionally, giving back can help you to develop a sense of purpose and fulfillment in your life.
## Section 3: Ways to Give Back
There are many ways to give back to the community, including:
- Volunteering your time and skills
- Donating money or resources to a cause you believe in
- Participating in community events and activities
- Mentoring or tutoring younger individuals
- Supporting local businesses and organizations
## Section 4: Benefits of Giving Back
There are several benefits to giving back to the community, including:
- Improving the lives of others
- Developing a sense of purpose and fulfillment
- Building stronger relationships with others
- Enhancing your leadership and communication skills
- Strengthening your community and society as a whole
## Section 5: Conclusion
Giving back to the community is an essential part of being a responsible citizen. By sharing your time, resources, and talents, you can make a positive impact on the lives of others and create a better world for everyone. Remember that there are many ways to give back, and the benefits of doing so can be significant. So, go out and make a difference today!


text: Every term, students evaluate each of their courses and instructors using a standard questionnaire called the FCQ or Faculty Course Questionnaire. The results go to individual instructors for use in improving their courses, to the teaching department chairs and the dean for use in course assignments and in promotion, salary, and tenure decisions and are available to students for use in course selection.. Search FCQ results here.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Interpret Survey Results

Introduction:
Survey results are an important tool for gathering information about people's opinions, preferences, and behaviors. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and interpret survey results like the FCQ (Faculty Course Questionnaire).

Section 1: Understanding Survey Results

Topic 1: Types of Surveys
There are different types of surveys, including telephone surveys, mail surveys, and online surveys. The type of survey used depends on the research question and the target population.

Topic 2: Sampling
A sample is a group of people selected from a larger population to represent that population. The size and makeup of the sample depend on the research question and the population.

Topic 3: Measurement
Measurement refers to the process of assigning numbers to objects or events so that the numbers can be compared. Surveys use different types of measurements, such as nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.

Section 2: Reading Survey Results

Topic 1: Reading Survey Questions
Survey questions are designed to collect specific information. It is essential to read each question carefully and understand what is being asked.

Topic 2: Understanding Response Options
Response options are the choices given to respondents. Common response options include "yes" or "no," "on a scale of 1 to 10," or "check all that apply."

Topic 3: Analyzing Data
Data analysis involves organizing, summarizing, and interpreting data to answer research questions. Common statistical methods used in survey analysis include mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and chi-square tests.

Section 3: Interpreting Survey Results

Topic 1: Identifying Patterns
Survey results often show patterns in the data. These patterns can be used to draw conclusions about the population.

Topic 2: Drawing Conclusions
Conclusions are statements that summarize the findings of the survey. They should be based on the data and supported by evidence.

Topic 3: Considering Limitations
Survey results have limitations, such as sampling error, response rate, and nonresponse bias. These limitations should be considered when interpreting the results.

Glossary:
- Population: The entire group of people being studied
- Sample: A group of people selected from the population to represent it
- Nominal measurement: A measurement that only categorizes data
- Ordinal measurement: A measurement that ranks data
- Interval measurement: A measurement that uses an equal interval between values
- Ratio measurement: A measurement that uses a meaningful zero point
- Mean: The average value of a set of data
- Median: The middle value of a set of data
- Mode: The most frequent value of a set of data
- Standard deviation: A measure of the variability of a set of data
- Chi-square test: A statistical test used to compare the distribution of two groups

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to read and interpret survey results like the FCQ. We covered topics such as types of surveys, sampling, measurement, reading survey questions, analyzing data, and interpreting survey results. By understanding these concepts, we can apply them to other surveys and research studies.


text: McQueen and the Violet Fog Gin. Brilliant crystal clear. The nose is quite alluring offering generous scents of wild flowers, candied lemon peel, and anise with supporting note of evergreens, pepper, and citrus. The palate echoes the nose delivering a complex and spicy citrus-driven core that is redolent of orange and lime with accents of juniper, pepper, and tropical flowers. Medium to full-bodied with ideal balance offering rich fruit notes with generous acidity and spice to foil to lush core. Made in Brazil – yes Brazil! The sugarcane based spirit is infused with 21 botanicals including six that are apparently not found in any other Gin. Hedonistic and delicious. $34.99 – 4.5 Stars

textbook:
Lesson: How to Taste and Describe Alcoholic Beverages

### Section 1: Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn how to taste and describe alcoholic beverages. We will start by understanding the basic steps involved in tasting and describing a drink. Then, we will move on to learning about the different factors that affect the taste of a beverage. Finally, we will practice tasting and describing a sample alcoholic beverage.

### Section 2: Steps Involved in Tasting and Describing a Drink

1. Look: Observe the color, clarity, and viscosity of the drink.
2. Swirl: Swirl the drink in the glass to release the aroma.
3. Smell: Take a deep sniff of the drink to get the aroma.
4. Taste: Take a small sip of the drink and let it linger on your tongue.
5. Finish: Swallow the drink and take note of the aftertaste.

### Section 3: Factors Affecting the Taste of a Beverage

1. Type of alcohol: Different types of alcohol have different flavors.
2. Fermentation process: The fermentation process can affect the taste of the beverage.
3. Additives: Some beverages may contain additives that affect their taste.
4. Ageing process: The ageing process can affect the taste of the beverage.
5. Serving temperature: The serving temperature can affect the taste of the beverage.

### Section 4: Practice Tasting and Describing a Sample Alcoholic Beverage

Let's practice tasting and describing a sample alcoholic beverage:

Sample: McQueen and the Violet Fog Gin

Look: The drink has a brilliant crystal clear color.

Swirl: The drink releases a pleasant aroma of wild flowers, candied lemon peel, and anise.

Smell: The drink has a quite alluring nose offering generous scents of wild flowers, candied lemon peel, and anise with supporting note of evergreens, pepper, and citrus.

Taste: The drink delivers a complex and spicy citrus-driven core that is redolent of orange and lime with accents of juniper, pepper, and tropical flowers.

Finish: The drink has a medium to full-bodied with ideal balance offering rich fruit notes with generous acidity and spice to foil to lush core.

Conclusion: By following the steps involved in tasting and describing a drink and considering the different factors that affect the taste of a beverage, we can develop a deeper understanding and appreciation of alcoholic beverages. This skill can be applied to various scenarios, such as wine tasting or evaluating the quality of a drink.


text: About identical and non-identical twins. To learn more about twins visit this page.. Reasons for doing a twin zygosity test. Twin testing is mainly done for curiosity purposes. The parents of the twins or the twins themselves want to sometimes confirm if they are identical or fraternal. Twin DNA analysis can also be done for medical reasons, such as organ donations and blood transfusions; identical twins make far more compatible organ donors for each other and also have the same blood group making them suitable blood-donors for each other.. Collecting your DNA sample using the mouth swabs we provide is simple and painless. Samples are collected using our easy to use DNA testing kit.. A DNA twin zygosity test costs $189 for testing two siblings with an additional cost of $100 per person for each additional sibling tested. Results are normally available within 5-7 Business Days.. Our twin test is based on the analysis of 21 Different Genetic Markers thereby offering a minimum probability in excess of 99.99%.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Twins

### Section 1: Introduction to Twins

Twins are two offspring born at the same time who share the same birthday. There are two types of twins: identical and non-identical. Identical twins are formed when a single egg is fertilized and then divides into two separate embryos, while non-identical twins are formed when two eggs are fertilized at the same time.

### Section 2: Reasons for Twin Testing

Twin testing is mainly done for curiosity purposes. The parents of the twins or the twins themselves want to sometimes confirm if they are identical or fraternal. Twin DNA analysis can also be done for medical reasons, such as organ donations and blood transfusions; identical twins make far more compatible organ donors for each other and also have the same blood group making them suitable blood-donors for each other.

### Section 3: How to Collect a DNA Sample

Collecting your DNA sample using the mouth swabs we provide is simple and painless. Samples are collected using our easy to use DNA testing kit.

### Section 4: Cost and Timeframe for Twin Testing

A DNA twin zygosity test costs $189 for testing two siblings with an additional cost of $100 per person for each additional sibling tested. Results are normally available within 5-7 Business Days.

### Glossary:
- Twins: Two offspring born at the same time who share the same birthday.
- Zygosity: A term used to describe the degree of resemblance between two siblings.
- Fraternal twins: Two offspring born at the same time who are not genetically identical.
- Identical twins: Two offspring born at the same time who are genetically identical.
- DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, which is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms.
- Genetic markers: Specific DNA sequences that are used to identify individuals or groups of individuals.

### Conclusion:
Understanding twins and their differences is important for many reasons, including medical and personal curiosity. By learning about the different types of twins and the reasons for twin testing, we can gain a better understanding of the science behind genetics and how it applies to our lives.


text:
Other Nations Lash 'Protectionist' Drift in U.S. Trade Policy

JOEL HAVEMANNTIMES STAFF WRITER

Even as President Bush seeks the political high ground as a free trader, a review of U.S. trade policies by the world's trade overseer has found the Bush Administration increasingly protectionist in its approach to international trade.

In a report and in a series of meetings, the Geneva-based General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade accused the United States of everything from unfairly imposing high duties on Canadian-assembled Hondas to using environmental standards to keep foreign tuna off supermarket shelves.

"It was a pretty critical review, I have to tell you," said Roderick Abbott, one of the European Community's chief trade negotiators. "It gave everybody a chance to let off steam."

The forum for the America-bashing was a two-day meeting sponsored by GATT, the organization that oversees the world's international trading system. The sessions put Bush on notice that the rest of the world is watching as pressure mounts during the U.S. presidential election campaign to provide ailing American industries with protection from foreign competition.

At the end of the meetings, Rufus Yerxa, the chief American trade negotiator in Geneva, insisted that protectionism "is not the Administration's policy or approach."

Still, said Yerxa, "we're willing to take our lumps"--noting that America will have a chance later this year to hit back at Japan and the European Community. The GATT reviews the trade policies of all major members about once every two years.

Preceding the closed meetings in Geneva, at which about 20 countries lambasted U.S. policies, the GATT's own staff circulated a report cataloguing alleged U.S. transgressions. "Concern about the erosion of basic GATT principles by regionalism, bilateralism, unilateralism or various forms of 'managed' trade is increasing," the GATT staff wrote.

The review of U.S. trade policies came as negotiations toward a new, more liberal set of rules governing international trade remains all but deadlocked over U.S. insistence that the European Community dismantle its complex web of subsidies for farmers.

At this week's review in Geneva, however, America's farm subsidies came in for a drubbing. Chile's ambassador to GATT, Ernesto Tironi, criticized the 1990 U.S. farm law, which authorized an extra $1 billion to subsidize U.S. farm exports if a new international trade agreement is not reached by June 30 of this year.

Canada's GATT representative, Gerald E. Shannon, said the United States already guarantees its farmers that they will be paid more than world market prices.

"Such government intervention has tended to insulate U.S. farmers from international market forces," Shannon said, "while causing hardship to Canada and other efficient producers by driving down world prices."

Yerxa responded that U.S. subsidies--at 30% of farmers' incomes--are low compared to the EC's 45%.

Canada also renewed its protest of two recent U.S. trade actions--a Commerce Department recommendation that duties be slapped on subsidized Canadian softwood lumber and the Customs Service's imposition of duties on Canadian-assembled Honda cars, which the agency said had too many non-Canadian parts.

While those decisions have increased tension between the United States and Canada over interpretation of their free trade agreement, the pact itself--as well as negotiations between the United States and Mexico toward a similar accord--was the target of criticism from Japan and the GATT staff.

"The single most visible and perhaps most important development in U.S. trade policies during the last two years is in the Administration's attitude toward preferential regional trade agreements," the GATT staff wrote.

The European Community also protested potential discrimination, not from the regional trade accords--the EC itself is a 12-nation trading bloc, after all--but from U.S. efforts to manage its commerce with its major trading partners, notably Japan.

Abbott, the EC's trade negotiator, pointed in particular to Japan's agreements to open its markets to U.S. auto parts, computer chips and building contractors. "Our fear is that the EC will be discriminated against," Abbott said.

Abbott also objected to the U.S. decision to ban Mexican tuna because of the danger to dolphins from Mexican fishing practices, branding the ban a unilateral action inconsistent with the multilateral trade accords signed by the GATT's 103 members.

The ban extends to all nations that fail to certify that none of their canned tuna comes from Mexico. "We're simply not willing to certify that," Abbott said.

Abbott and others expressed alarm over protectionist legislation in Congress during a period when a recession has aggravated American concern over competition with imports.

"The combination of the recession and the presidential election campaign makes one feel uncomfortable," Abbott said.

textbook:
Lesson: International Trade and Protectionism

Introduction:
International trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries. It has been a crucial aspect of the global economy, allowing countries to access resources, markets, and technology that they may not have otherwise. However, some countries have engaged in protectionist policies, which aim to protect local industries from foreign competition. This lesson will explore the concept of international trade, the role of protectionism in trade policy, and the impact of these policies on the global economy.

Section 1: International Trade

Topic 1: Definition and Importance of International Trade
- International trade refers to the exchange of goods and services between countries.
- It allows countries to access resources, markets, and technology that they may not have otherwise.
- It also promotes economic growth and development by providing opportunities for specialization and efficiency.

Topic 2: Types of International Trade
- There are two main types of international trade: exports and imports.
- Exports are goods or services produced in one country and sold to another country.
- Imports are goods or services produced in another country and sold to domestic consumers.

Topic 3: Advantages and Disadvantages of International Trade
- Advantages of international trade include increased economic growth, job creation, and access to new markets.
- Disadvantages of international trade include the loss of jobs in certain industries, the possibility of exploitation of workers in developing countries, and the potential for environmental damage due to increased transportation and production.

Section 2: Protectionism in Trade Policy

Topic 1: Definition and Examples of Protectionism
- Protectionism refers to policies that protect local industries from foreign competition.
- Examples of protectionist policies include tariffs (taxes on imported goods), quotas (limits on the amount of a good that can be imported), and subsidies (government support for domestic industries).

Topic 2: Arguments for and against Protectionism
- Proponents of protectionism argue that it helps to protect local industries and jobs, and allows for greater control over production and quality standards.
- Opponents of protectionism argue that it leads to higher prices for consumers, reduces economic growth, and can lead to trade wars (when countries retaliate with their own protectionist measures).

Section 3: Impact of Protectionism on the Global Economy

Topic 1: Effects of Protectionism on Trade Flows
- Protectionist measures can reduce trade flows by making imported goods more expensive or difficult to obtain.
- This can lead to decreased economic growth and development, as countries become more isolated and less able to benefit from specialization and efficiency.

Topic 2: Effects of Protectionism on Developing Countries
- Developing countries often rely on exports to drive economic growth and development.
- Protectionist measures in developed countries can make it harder for developing countries to sell their goods, leading to decreased economic growth and increased poverty.

Conclusion:
International trade and protectionism are complex issues with both advantages and disadvantages. While protectionism can help to protect local industries, it can also lead to higher prices for consumers and reduced economic growth. It is important for policymakers to carefully consider the impact of their trade policies on the global economy and work towards balancing the needs of both producers and consumers.

Glossary:
- Tariff: A tax imposed on imported goods.
- Quota: A limit on the amount of a good that can be imported.
- Subsidy: Government support for domestic industries.

End of Lesson.