text:
Click on the link below to check out the collection of Design Articles, Case Studies, Product How-To articles,... related to Power Line Communication that have been published on EETimes.
Check back frequently. The list will be updated as new articles arrive.
http://www.eetimes.com/design/smart-energy-design/4390953/Power-Line-Communication---Design-archive?Ecosystem=smart-energy-design

If you look at a solar array with panels on a rooftop where some may be shaded during part of the day, if you have a micro-inverter at each panel, then the ones that are shaded do not cause you to lose power from the ones that are not. The normal method for connecting panels in an array would be to have strings in series to boost the voltage. If one panel in a string is in shade then you lose output from the whole string. So in that case I can see that use of micro-inverters would improve the efficiency of the system.
I agree that Smart Grid is a buzz word but there is some meaning behind it. The power companies are having to change the way they operate to accommodate small localized energy generation instead of large centralized generators. In order to do this, they need to add intelligence and communications to their systems to balance generation with load without waste. So if your micro-inverter can tell the power company that it is delivering power then they can choose to turn down the output of another generator. They can figure it out without communication but it takes a while and power is wasted until the system is back in balance.

Just one question: How is it that micro-inverters are "supposedly" more efficient then the big ones?
Normally the opposite is true...
I understand that having a mini power plant that pumps energy locally and therefore relives the power lines may be a good concept but that does not make the micro-inverter more efficient.
And to all smart grid enthusiasts: Why should my micro-inverter be connected to the data network? I tried to ask many people and there seem no answer except for the billing issues.
For me Smart Grid is still a buzz word with no meaning....

from an indian perspective and on a practical side i find that its much more cheaper and less cumbersome to use the mobile network which is now covering almost the entire country. with technologies like PLCC, even the basic elements of transmission like the transformers pose a big hurdle and ofcourse i need not point out the huge amount of noise introduced into the grid/transmission lines by things like unbalanced loads, sparking switches, bad contacts and hundreds of other factors which are common throughout the country. any system using such lines for communication will be fighting an uphill battle.on the other hand mobile networks have matured considerably to an extent that SIM card based control kits are found at dirt cheap rates today. also the competition in the mobile sector has ensured that the operator cost for such applications is next to zero.

In India, the power revolution can't happen if the Government is not serious and the awareness is created on a massive level (so that right people are chosen to run the Government). Where the majority of the population in India is struggling to get their basic rights from the Government, I can't see a hope that the people of India getting benefitted by these initiatives. I might sound too pessimistic, but I think this is the fact.

A very good and informative article. But for a country like India where even the simple metering of the power is fraught with many problems and with blatant theft of the power by the roadside industry, huts which just bypass the meters even in the urban cities like Delhi and Mumbai , such smart concepts are difficult to implement.
A way to implement smart grid without using the power line itself for communications is to use internet for all the grid related communications. If all the power generating and consuming devices are internet enabled then such two way communications is possible without installing additional infrastructure for power line communications

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Power Line Communication (PLC)

**Overview:**
Power Line Communication (PLC) is a technology that enables data transmission over electrical power lines. It is used in various applications such as home automation, smart grids, and industrial control systems. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of PLC, its advantages and disadvantages, and its applications.

**Section 1: What is Power Line Communication (PLC)?**
PLC is a communication technology that uses the existing power lines to transmit data. It allows devices to communicate with each other without the need for additional wiring or infrastructure. PLC can operate at different frequencies, including low-frequency (LF), high-frequency (HF), and broadband (BB).

**Section 2: Advantages of PLC**
- Cost-effective: PLC does not require additional wiring or infrastructure, making it a cost-effective solution compared to other communication technologies.
- Easy installation: PLC can be easily installed in existing power lines, reducing the need for complex installation procedures.
- Wide range of applications: PLC can be used in various applications such as home automation, smart grids, and industrial control systems.

**Section 3: Disadvantages of PLC**
- Limited bandwidth: PLC has limited bandwidth, which can affect the quality of the data transmission.
- Interference: PLC can experience interference from other electronic devices, which can affect the accuracy of the data transmission.
- Security concerns: PLC can be vulnerable to cyberattacks, which can compromise the security of the network.

**Section 4: Applications of PLC**
- Home automation: PLC can be used to control home appliances such as lighting, heating, and air conditioning.
- Smart grids: PLC can be used to monitor and control the power grid, enabling better energy management and reducing energy waste.
- Industrial control systems: PLC can be used to control and monitor industrial processes such as manufacturing and production.

**Section 5: Conclusion**
Power Line Communication (PLC) is a useful technology that enables data transmission over electrical power lines. It has several advantages such as cost-effectiveness, easy installation, and wide range of applications. However, it also has some disadvantages such as limited bandwidth, interference, and security concerns. Despite these limitations, PLC has many applications in home automation, smart grids, and industrial control systems. By understanding the basics of PLC, we can apply this knowledge to new problems and improve our ability to communicate and manage data effectively.


text: How flexible is CrateDB when it comes to vertical scaling? E.g. what if I increase the number of CPU cores and RAM per node, after having created a table and ingested data to it?. Can I simply alter the table settings to have more shards after I have increased the number of CPU cores?. Can CrateDB dynamically handle this?. Also: are there some practical limitations for the amount of RAM and number of CPU cores per node?. E.g. would you say “beyond that amount of RAM / CPU cores, be careful for such and such overhead!”, etc.?

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Vertical Scaling in CrateDB

## Introduction

CrateDB is a distributed SQL database designed for handling large volumes of data. One of the key features of CrateDB is its ability to scale vertically, which means adding more resources such as CPU cores and RAM to existing nodes. In this lesson, we will explore the flexibility of CrateDB when it comes to vertical scaling and discuss some practical limitations.

## Section 1: Understanding Vertical Scaling in CrateDB

### What is Vertical Scaling?

Vertical scaling, also known as scale-up, refers to the process of adding more resources such as CPU cores and RAM to an existing node in a database system. This approach is different from horizontal scaling, where additional nodes are added to the system to handle more workload. Vertical scaling is typically used when the workload is unpredictable or when the data size is too large to be distributed across multiple nodes.

### How does CrateDB support Vertical Scaling?

CrateDB is designed to support vertical scaling out of the box. This means that you can easily add more CPU cores and RAM to an existing node without any changes to the software or configuration. CrateDB automatically distributes the workload across the available CPU cores and uses all the available memory for caching data.

## Section 2: Practical Limitations

### Limitations on RAM

While CrateDB can use a lot of RAM for caching data, there is a practical limit to the amount of RAM that can be used. If you exceed the maximum amount of RAM that CrateDB can handle, you may experience performance degradation or even crashes. The maximum amount of RAM that CrateDB can handle depends on the version of CrateDB you are using and the operating system of the node.

### Limitations on CPU Cores

Similarly, there is a practical limit to the number of CPU cores that can be used in CrateDB. While CrateDB can use multiple CPU cores for parallel processing, there is a limit to how many cores it can handle. If you exceed this limit, you may experience performance degradation or even crashes. The maximum number of CPU cores that CrateDB can handle depends on the version of CrateDB you are using and the operating system of the node.

## Section 3: Practical Examples

### Example 1: Adding More RAM to a Node

Let's say you have a CrateDB node with 8 GB of RAM and you want to add more RAM to the node. You can easily do this by adding more RAM sticks to the node or by upgrading the node to a larger instance type with more RAM. Once you have added more RAM, CrateDB will automatically use the additional RAM for caching data.

### Example 2: Adding More CPU Cores to a Node

Let's say you have a CrateDB node with 4 CPU cores and you want to add more CPU cores to the node. You can easily do this by upgrading the node to a larger instance type with more CPU cores. Once you have added more CPU cores, CrateDB will automatically distribute the workload across the additional CPU cores for parallel processing.

## Conclusion

In conclusion, CrateDB is highly flexible when it comes to vertical scaling. You can easily add more RAM and CPU cores to an existing node without any changes to the software or configuration. However, there are practical limitations to the amount of RAM and CPU cores that can be used in CrateDB. By understanding these limitations and following best practices for vertical scaling, you can ensure that your CrateDB system performs optimally and can handle large amounts of data.


text: The new Transcend StoreJet 25M-R portable hard drive combines anti-shock construction with an attractive design that earned it Japanâ€™s coveted G-Mark design award.. It features dual-stage shock protection system that incorporates a rugged hard casing and vibration-absorbing anti-slip silicone outer shell that aims to evenly distribute the force of an impact, along with a complete array of internal hard drive suspension dampers as a last line of defence. It meets U.S. military drop-test standards (MIL-STD-810F 516.5 â€“ Transit Drop), according to the company.. The new Transcend StoreJet 25M-R is equipped with a high-speed 2.5-inch SATA hard drive and a OneTouch Auto-Backup button, plus free StoreJet elite data management software. It is now available in 250GB and 320GB capacities.. [Via: Transcend USA]. You must log in to post a comment.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Portable Hard Drives

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

A portable hard drive is an external storage device used to store and transfer digital files between computers and other devices. It is designed to be compact and lightweight, making it easy to carry around and use on-the-go. In this lesson, we will learn about the different types of portable hard drives, their features, and how they work.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's say you have a laptop with a 500GB hard drive but you need more storage space to store your photos, videos, music, and documents. You could purchase an external portable hard drive that has a larger capacity than your laptop's internal hard drive. For example, you could buy a 1TB (1000GB) portable hard drive for around $50.

After connecting the portable hard drive to your laptop using a USB cable, you can copy and paste files from your laptop's hard drive to the portable hard drive just like you would with any other external storage device. Once the files are copied over, you can access them from either your laptop or the portable hard drive.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

Why would someone choose to use a portable hard drive instead of cloud storage?

Cloud storage is convenient because it allows you to access your files from anywhere with an internet connection. However, if you do not have an internet connection or if you are concerned about security, then a portable hard drive may be a better option. Additionally, some people prefer having a physical backup of their files rather than relying solely on a digital backup.

What are some things to consider when purchasing a portable hard drive?

When purchasing a portable hard drive, there are several factors to consider. These include the size of the hard drive (measured in gigabytes or terabytes), the speed at which the hard drive operates (measured in megabytes per second), the durability of the hard drive (such as whether it is waterproof or shock-resistant), and the price of the hard drive.

## Glossary

- Portable hard drive: An external storage device used to store and transfer digital files between computers and other devices.
- Capacity: The amount of storage space available on a hard drive, measured in gigabytes or terabytes.
- Speed: The rate at which a hard drive can read and write data, measured in megabytes per second.
- Durability: The ability of a hard drive to withstand physical damage or environmental hazards.
- Backup: A copy of your files that is stored on a separate device in case the original files are lost or damaged.

## Conclusion

Portable hard drives are useful tools for anyone who needs to store or transfer large amounts of data. By understanding the theoretical concepts, practicing with real-world examples, and engaging in self-debating discussions, you can become an expert in using portable hard drives to solve a variety of problems.


text: BOSTON – A judge will decide whether a 1913 state law being used to prevent out-of-state gay couples (search) from getting married in Massachusetts (search) (search) are recognized.. The attorney, Michele Granda, argued that the 1913 statute violates both the U.S. Constitution and state law.. "We're asking the court to tear down the fence of discrimination that's been erected around (the state's) borders," she said.. Assistant Attorney General. 2 to file its response. She did not say when she would rule, but noted: "From what I've read so far, it appears the state is applying the law in a procedurally nondiscriminatory manner.". Republican Gov. Mitt Romney, a gay marriage opponent, has invoked the 1913 law to bar gay couples from other states from getting married here.. When gay marriages began May 17, some municipal clerks openly defied Romney and issued licenses to anyone who applied. But Massachusetts' gay.."

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Legal Systems

Overview: In this lesson, we will learn about legal systems and how they operate. We will explore the differences between common law and civil law systems and discuss the role of judges in interpreting laws.

Objectives:

- Understand the basic principles of legal systems
- Identify the differences between common law and civil law systems
- Explain the role of judges in interpreting laws
- Apply critical thinking skills to analyze legal cases

Section 1: Introduction to Legal Systems

What is a legal system? A legal system is a set of rules and principles that govern the behavior of people in a society. These rules and principles are enforced through a court of law. There are two main types of legal systems: common law and civil law.

Common Law System: In a common law system, laws are created by judges through their decisions in court cases. Judges interpret existing laws and apply them to specific situations. This means that the law can change over time as judges make new rulings. Common law systems are found in countries such as the United States, England, and Canada.

Civil Law System: In a civil law system, laws are created by the government through legislation. Judges apply these laws to specific cases, but they do not have the power to create new laws. This means that the law remains stable and does not change as often as in a common law system. Civil law systems are found in countries such as France, Germany, and Italy.

Section 2: The Role of Judges in Interpreting Laws

Judges play an important role in legal systems. They are responsible for interpreting laws and applying them to specific cases. In common law systems, judges create new laws through their decisions in court cases. This means that judges must use their knowledge of the law and their understanding of social values to make fair and just decisions.

Questions:

1. What is the difference between common law and civil law systems?
2. What is the role of judges in interpreting laws?

Section 3: Analyzing Legal Cases

Let's consider a hypothetical case to see how legal systems work in practice.

Case: John is driving his car when he hits a pedestrian, Jane, who was jaywalking. Jane suffers serious injuries and decides to sue John for damages.

In a common law system like the United States, the judge would look at previous court decisions to determine how similar cases have been decided. The judge might also consider the specific facts of the case, such as whether Jane was jaywalking or not. Based on these factors, the judge would make a decision on how to interpret the law and apply it to the case.

In a civil law system like France, the judge would first look at the relevant legislation to determine how the law applies to the case. The judge would then apply the law to the specific facts of the case, taking into account any precedents set by higher courts.

Section 4: Conclusion

In conclusion, legal systems play a crucial role in society by providing a framework for resolving disputes and maintaining order. By understanding the differences between common law and civil law systems and the role of judges in interpreting laws, we can better appreciate the complexities of the legal process.

Glossary:

- Common law system: A legal system where laws are created by judges through their decisions in court cases.
- Civil law system: A legal system where laws are created by the government through legislation.
- Judge: A person who interprets and applies the law in a court of law.
- Interpret: To explain the meaning of a law or legal document.
- Apply: To use a law or legal principle to make a decision in a specific case.

Self-Debate Discussion:

- Do you think that common law systems are better than civil law systems because they allow for more flexibility in the law? Why or why not?
- How do you think the legal system could be improved to better serve the needs of society?


text: Your shopping cart is empty!. The 490-11322 from Sioux Chief is a Closet Flange Support Kit. It allows to replace rotted-out flooring around a closet flange or to support the flange when the cut-out hole is too big. Two-piece 18-gauge heavy-duty zinc-plated plates. Includes (4) flange screws and (6) floor screws. Overall dimensions (W x L): 7" x 9.25".

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Shopping Carts

## Section 1: What is a Shopping Cart?
A shopping cart is an essential tool used in online shopping. It is a virtual container that holds items you wish to purchase from an online store. The cart keeps track of the items you add, their quantities, and their prices. You can add or remove items from the cart until you are ready to complete your purchase.

## Section 2: How does a Shopping Cart work?
When you add an item to your cart, the website's server sends a message to your web browser, which then updates the cart's contents on your screen. When you change the quantity or remove an item from your cart, the server receives the updated information and adjusts the total cost of your purchase accordingly.

## Section 3: Why do I need a Shopping Cart?
Having a shopping cart is essential when shopping online because it helps you keep track of the items you want to buy and their prices. This makes it easier for you to compare prices and make informed decisions about what to buy. Additionally, having a shopping cart makes it easier for you to complete your purchase quickly and securely.

## Conclusion:
In summary, a shopping cart is a virtual container used in online shopping to hold items you wish to purchase. It keeps track of the items, their quantities, and their prices, making it easier for you to compare prices and make informed decisions about what to buy. Having a shopping cart is essential when shopping online because it helps you complete your purchase quickly and securely.

Glossary:
- Shopping Cart: A virtual container used in online shopping to hold items you wish to purchase.
- Online Store: A website where you can purchase goods and services.
- Web Browser: A software application used to access and navigate the internet.


text:
Advantages of Borosilicate Glass Microspheres in 0.03mm to 0.2mm sizing

BSGMS 63-75 micron at 40x magnification

High quality glass microspheres for research and development are always in high demand. In an effort to better serve scientists Cospheric recently added a complete line of high quality borosilicate microspheres, and microbeads.

The high roundness, and low thermal expansion make borosilicate spheres an excellent candidate for use as spacers in epoxy bond lines, or other applications which require stability over a wide temperature range.

Borosilicate glass spheres are now offered in narrow size ranges from 0.03mm to 0.2mm with greater than 90% of the particles in range.

Monodisperse – Spacer Grade Microspheres

SLGMS 27-30um 40x

Scientists are constantly looking for narrower particle size distributions (monodispersed) of microspheres to help increase the consistency and correlation between theoretical models and verification experiments. In an effort to fill the increasing demand for these particles Cospheric has launched a new line of spacer grade microspheres.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Advantages of Borosilicate Glass Microspheres in 0.03mm to 0.2mm sizing

## Chapter 1: Introduction

Borosilicate glass microspheres are tiny spherical particles made of a type of glass that has unique properties. They are commonly used in various scientific research and development projects due to their high roundness and low thermal expansion. In this lesson, we will explore the advantages of using borosilicate glass microspheres in the 0.03mm to 0.2mm sizing range.

## Chapter 2: Properties of Borosilicate Glass Microspheres

Borosilicate glass microspheres have several unique properties that make them ideal for use in scientific research and development. These properties include:

1. High roundness: Borosilicate glass microspheres have a very high degree of roundness, which means that they are almost perfectly spherical in shape. This property makes them ideal for use as spacers in epoxy bond lines, where a uniform and consistent shape is required.

2. Low thermal expansion: Borosilicate glass microspheres have a low coefficient of thermal expansion, meaning that they do not expand or contract significantly when exposed to changes in temperature. This property makes them ideal for use in applications where stability over a wide temperature range is required.

3. High quality: Borosilicate glass microspheres are known for their high quality and purity. They are free from impurities and have a very low level of residual stress, making them ideal for use in sensitive scientific experiments.

4. Narrow size range: Borosilicate glass microspheres are now available in narrow size ranges from 0.03mm to 0.2mm with greater than 90% of the particles in range. This property makes them ideal for use in applications where precise control over particle size is required.

## Chapter 3: Applications of Borosilicate Glass Microspheres

Borosilicate glass microspheres have a wide range of applications in scientific research and development. Some of these applications include:

1. Epoxy bond lines: Borosilicate glass microspheres can be used as spacers in epoxy bond lines to create a uniform and consistent shape.

2. Drug delivery: Borosilicate glass microspheres can be used as carriers for drug delivery systems, providing a controlled release of the drug over time.

3. Biomedical research: Borosilicate glass microspheres can be used as markers in biomedical research, allowing scientists to track the movement and behavior of cells and tissues.

4. Coatings and adhesives: Borosilicate glass microspheres can be used as additives in coatings and adhesives to improve their mechanical properties, such as strength and durability.

5. Optics and electronics: Borosilicate glass microspheres can be used as optical elements in lenses and mirrors, as well as electronic components in sensors and transistors.

## Chapter 4: Conclusion

In conclusion, borosilicate glass microspheres have several advantages that make them ideal for use in scientific research and development. Their high roundness, low thermal expansion, high quality, and narrow size range make them perfect for a wide range of applications. By understanding the properties and applications of borosilicate glass microspheres, scientists can use them to improve the accuracy and reliability of their experiments and research.


text: A short trip to the Kootenays which didn’t quite go to plan…. Okanagan Mountain Park Canoe Trip. Two nights and 50km of paddling on beautiful but windy Okanagan Lake. Paddling to Newcastle Island, British Columbia. Newcastle Island is a little haven from Nanaimo’s city bustle and makes for a lovely day or afternoon trip from Vancouver Island, especially for paddlers. Crossing Canada by Canoe – Gerry and Celine, Canadian Voyageurs. An interview with the adventurous and inspiring Celine and Gerry, who are canoeing across Canada starting in May 2015!. Kayaking With Icebergs in Valdez, Alaska, British Columbia. 5 days canoeing and portaging around 8 lakes on the Sunshine Coast. Our Western Canada road trip: Sunshine Coast. A busy few weeks along the Sunshine Coast, including over 100km of paddling around the Powell Forest Canoe Circuit and beautiful Desolation Sound. Paddling the Sayward Forest Canoe Circuit, Vancouver Island. Camping, portaging and timing advice for other first time Circuiters

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Canoeing

**Overview**
Canoeing is an outdoor activity that involves using a canoe to navigate through water. It is a popular pastime for people of all ages and skill levels. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of canoeing, including safety tips, equipment needed, and techniques for paddling.

**Section 1: Introduction to Canoeing**
In this section, we will cover the basic concepts of canoeing, including what a canoe is, its history, and why it is a popular outdoor activity.

**Topic 1: What is Canoeing?**
Canoeing is an outdoor activity that involves using a canoe to navigate through water. A canoe is a small, narrow boat that is typically propelled using a paddle. Canoeing can be done on rivers, lakes, oceans, and even in whitewater.

**Topic 2: History of Canoeing**
Canoeing has been practiced for thousands of years by indigenous peoples worldwide. They used canoes for transportation, fishing, and hunting. Today, canoeing is a popular recreational activity and competitive sport.

**Topic 3: Why is Canoeing Popular?**
Canoeing is a popular outdoor activity because it allows people to experience nature in a unique way. It is a low-impact sport that requires skill and technique, making it challenging and rewarding. Canoeing also allows people to explore remote areas that may be difficult to access by other means.

**Section 2: Equipment and Safety**
In this section, we will discuss the equipment needed for canoeing and safety tips to follow while on the water.

**Topic 1: Equipment Needed**
To canoe, you will need a canoe, paddles, life jackets, and appropriate clothing. You may also want to bring sunscreen, water, and snacks.

**Topic 2: Safety Tips**
Before going canoeing, always check the weather forecast and make sure the water level is safe for canoeing. Wear your life jacket at all times and never canoe alone. Always let someone know where you are going and when you plan to return.

**Section 3: Techniques for Paddling**
In this section, we will cover the basic techniques for paddling a canoe, including the forward stroke, backstroke, and draw stroke.

**Topic 1: Forward Stroke**
The forward stroke is the most commonly used stroke in canoeing. To perform the forward stroke, follow these steps:
1. Sit facing the direction you want to go.
2. Hold the paddle with one hand near the blade and the other near the handle.
3. Push the paddle blade into the water, keeping it parallel to the canoe.
4. Pull the paddle towards you, rotating your shoulders to turn the canoe.
5. Repeat on the other side.

**Topic 2: Backstroke**
The backstroke is used to stop or turn the canoe quickly. To perform the backstroke, follow these steps:
1. Sit facing the direction you want to go.
2. Hold the paddle with one hand near the blade and the other near the handle.
3. Push the paddle blade into the water, keeping it perpendicular to the canoe.
4. Pull the paddle towards you, rotating your shoulders to turn the canoe.
5. Repeat on the other side.

**Topic 3: Draw Stroke**
The draw stroke is used to maintain a straight line or to turn the canoe gradually. To perform the draw stroke, follow these steps:
1. Sit facing the direction you want to go.
2. Hold the paddle with one hand near the blade and the other near the handle.
3. Push the paddle blade into the water, keeping it perpendicular to the canoe.
4. Pull the paddle towards you, rotating your shoulders to turn the canoe.
5. Repeat on the other side.

**Conclusion**
Canoeing is a fun and rewarding outdoor activity that allows people to experience nature in a unique way. By following the safety tips and learning the basic techniques for paddling, anyone can enjoy the thrill of canoeing. Remember to always respect the water and the environment, and you will have a great time canoeing for years to come.


text: Syntax, the newsletter of Suffolk University's English Department, highlights the accomplishments and activities of the department. Published biannually, the publication includes student and alumni profiles, faculty publications and research, pedagogical strategies, departmental events, and class profiles.. Printing is not supported at the primary Gallery Thumbnail page. Please first navigate to a specific Image before printing.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Write a Newsletter

**Introduction:** A newsletter is a great way to communicate with your audience and keep them informed about your organization's activities. In this lesson, we will learn how to write an effective newsletter that engages your readers and showcases your work.

**Section 1: Planning Your Newsletter**

- Define your purpose: Before you start writing your newsletter, you need to know what you want to achieve with it. Are you trying to promote your organization, share news and updates, or engage with your audience? Once you have a clear purpose, you can plan your content accordingly.

- Identify your audience: Knowing who your audience is will help you tailor your newsletter to their interests and needs. Consider their age, occupation, education level, and language skills when planning your content.

- Choose a format: There are many ways to present your newsletter, such as a printed document, an email, or a web page. Choose the format that best suits your audience and your organization's resources.

**Section 2: Writing Your Newsletter**

- Use a clear structure: Start with a catchy headline that grabs your reader's attention and use subheadings to break up the text into manageable chunks. Use bullet points and numbered lists to make your content easy to read.

- Write engaging content: Your newsletter should be interesting and informative. Use stories, quotes, and images to illustrate your points and make your content more engaging.

- Keep it concise: People have short attention spans, so keep your newsletter as brief as possible while still conveying all the necessary information. Aim for a length of two to four pages for a printed document or a few minutes for an email newsletter.

**Section 3: Editing and Designing Your Newsletter**

- Proofread carefully: Before sending out your newsletter, make sure to proofread it thoroughly for errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Have someone else read it over as well to catch any mistakes you might have missed.

- Use eye-catching design: A well-designed newsletter can make all the difference in engaging your readers. Use a consistent color scheme, font, and layout throughout the document. Add images, graphics, and charts to break up the text and make your newsletter more visually appealing.

- Test your newsletter: Before sending out your newsletter, test it on a few people to see how it looks and reads. Ask for feedback on the design, content, and overall effectiveness of the newsletter.

**Conclusion:** By following these steps, you can create an effective newsletter that engages your audience and showcases your work. Remember to always keep your purpose and audience in mind when planning, writing, and designing your newsletter.

**Glossary:**
- Newsletter: A regular publication that provides information, news, and updates about an organization or individual.
- Purpose: The reason for which something is done or created.
- Audience: The group of people intended to receive or view something.
- Format: The way in which something is presented or arranged.


text: Great first day of the odoo conference. Watch the whole conference above or skip to the discussion that you would you like to hear.. –Start————– Day One Event Name ——————————————————. 1:10:00 [slides] Introduction Speech – Xavier Pansaers. 1:16:55 [slides] What’s new in Odoo V8 – Fabien Pinckaers. 1:58:20 [slides] Odoo v8: The framework reborn – Antony Lesuisse. 3:17:20 [slides] Developing V8 frontend modules – Xavier Morel. 4:11:00 [slides] Contributing (The OCA Community) – Alexandre Fayolle. 5:47:45 [slides] Developing V8 backend modules – Raphael Collet. 6:49:25 [slides] Developing automated tests for Odoo – Gery Debongnie. 8:14:00 [slides] Using runbot to test developments – Olivier Dony. 8:47:00 [slides] Odoo and Google Apps – Guillaume Leclercq. 9:17:30 [slides] Development environments in 5 mins. – Laurent Mignon. —————————————————————————————-

textbook:
Lesson: How to Summarize a Conference

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to summarize a conference in a clear and concise manner. This skill is useful for anyone who attends conferences, whether it's for work or personal interest. By mastering the art of summarization, you can effectively communicate key takeaways and share valuable information with others.

Section 1: Understanding the Conference
1. Start by reading through the conference program or agenda to get an overview of the topics that will be discussed.
2. Take note of the speakers and their areas of expertise.
3. Identify any recurring themes or topics that will be covered throughout the conference.

Section 2: Taking Notes During the Conference
1. Use a notebook and pen or a digital note-taking tool to jot down key points and interesting facts.
2. Write down quotes or statements that stand out to you.
3. Summarize each session or presentation in a few sentences.

Section 3: Creating a Summary
1. After the conference, review your notes and organize them into a logical order.
2. Use headings and subheadings to break up the summary into sections.
3. Include key takeaways and actionable items that attendees can use to implement changes or improvements.

Section 4: Sharing the Summary
1. Share the summary with other attendees or colleagues who were not able to attend the conference.
2. Post the summary on social media or a company intranet to make it accessible to a wider audience.
3. Use the summary as a starting point for further discussion or implementation of conference ideas.

Conclusion:
By following these steps, you can effectively summarize a conference and share valuable information with others. Summarization is a valuable skill that can help you communicate key takeaways and share knowledge with others. Remember to keep it concise, clear, and actionable.


text: With Boost libraries you can really unleash the power of C++. Learn to build applications faster and better through a cookbook approach that uses tons of recipes to make it all so easy to assimilate and apply.. In Detail. Boost libraries are developed by professionals, tested on multiple platforms and processor architectures, and contain reliable solutions for a wide range of tasks. This Cookbook takes you on a journey of simplifying the process of application development and guides you through writing perfect applications fast.. .

textbook:
## Lesson: Using Boost Libraries to Enhance C++ Applications

### Introduction
Boost libraries are a collection of open-source libraries that provide additional functionality to the standard C++ library. They are designed to simplify the process of application development and provide reliable solutions for a wide range of tasks. In this lesson, we will learn about the benefits of using Boost libraries, how to install them, and how to use them to enhance our C++ applications.

### Section 1: Understanding Boost Libraries

**Topic 1: Why Use Boost Libraries?**
Boost libraries provide several advantages over the standard C++ library. These advantages include:

- Simplified application development: Boost libraries provide pre-written code that can be easily integrated into your application, reducing the amount of time and effort required to develop features.
- Improved performance: Boost libraries are optimized for performance, allowing your application to run faster and more efficiently.
- Cross-platform compatibility: Boost libraries are tested on multiple platforms and processor architectures, ensuring that your application will work seamlessly across different systems.
- Wider range of functionality: Boost libraries provide a wider range of functionality than the standard C++ library, allowing you to solve complex problems with ease.

**Topic 2: Installing Boost Libraries**
Installing Boost libraries depends on the operating system and compiler you are using. Generally, you can download the Boost libraries from the official website and follow the installation instructions for your specific platform.

### Section 2: Using Boost Libraries in Your Application

**Topic 1: Integrating Boost Libraries into Your Code**
Once you have installed the Boost libraries, you can integrate them into your code by including the necessary header files and linking against the library at compile time. Here is an example of how to use the Boost::Filesystem library:

```c++
#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
using namespace boost::filesystem;

int main() {
    path p("example.txt"); // Create a path object
    if (exists(p)) {         // Check if the file exists
        std::cout << "File exists" << std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}
```

In this example, we include the Boost::Filesystem header file and use the `path` class to create a file path object. We then check if the file exists using the `exists()` function.

**Topic 2: Using Boost Libraries for Complex Tasks**
Boost libraries provide a wide range of functionality for complex tasks such as multithreading, serialization, and graph algorithms. Here are some examples:

- Multithreading: Boost provides a threading library that makes it easy to write concurrent and parallel programs. You can use this library to take advantage of multi-core processors and improve the performance of your application.
- Serialization: Boost provides a serialization library that allows you to serialize objects and store them on disk or transmit them over a network. This can be useful for saving game states, persisting data between sessions, or transmitting data between clients and servers.
- Graph Algorithms: Boost provides a graph library that includes various algorithms for traversing, searching, and analyzing graphs. This can be useful for solving complex problems in areas such as social networks, transportation networks, and computer graphics.

### Section 3: Practical Examples and Exercises

**Exercise 1: Write a program that reads a configuration file using Boost::PropertyTree**
Create a program that reads a configuration file using the Boost::PropertyTree library. The program should read the values of two configuration options: `database_host` and `database_port`. Use the following sample configuration file as a reference:

```ini
[database]
host = localhost
port = 3306
```

**Exercise 2: Implement a basic graph algorithm using Boost::Graph**
Create a program that implements a basic graph algorithm using the Boost::Graph library. The program should be able to add vertices and edges to the graph and then find the shortest path between two vertices using Dijkstra's algorithm.

### Glossary
- **Boost libraries**: A collection of open-source libraries that provide additional functionality to the standard C++ library.
- **Standard C++ library**: A library of reusable code that comes with the C++ language.
- **Header file**: A file containing C++ code that is included in other files to provide functionality.
- **Linking**: The process of connecting a program to a library so that it can use the functions provided by the library.
- **Compiler**: A program that translates source code written in a programming language into machine code that can be executed by a computer.
- **Multithreading**: The process of executing multiple threads of execution simultaneously.
- **Serialization**: The process of converting an object into a format that can be stored or transmitted.
- **Graph**: A mathematical structure used to model relationships between objects or entities.
- **Graph algorithms**: Algorithms that operate on graphs to solve problems such as finding shortest paths or detecting connected components.

### Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about the benefits of using Boost libraries, how to install them, and how to use them to enhance our C++ applications. We also looked at practical examples and exercises that demonstrate how to use Boost libraries for complex tasks. By mastering these concepts, you will be able to write efficient and powerful C++ applications that can tackle even the most challenging problems.


text: Archive for the ‘that really scares me’ Category. BREAKING (Kind of): Syrians and the Ruskies Meeting in Damascus. In a flurry of diplomacy (a flurry is similar to an offensive), the travel-sized Russian President Dmitry Medvedev is meeting with Syrian President Bashar al-Assad to discuss Israel’s nuclear weapons.. And for those keeping score at home, you’ll recall the legendary story of “The French spy, the CIA, and the Syrian reactor” in which “the French military attaché in Damascus simply took it upon himself to drive out to the reactor on his own and take pictures.”. Man, that would have made for an interesting Facebook album!

textbook:
Lesson: Diplomacy and International Relations
Introduction:
Diplomacy is the art of managing international relations, and it plays a crucial role in maintaining peace and security among nations. In this lesson, we will explore the concept of diplomacy and its importance in international relations.
Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
What is diplomacy?
Diplomacy is the practice of managing international relations through dialogue and negotiation. It involves communication between nations to promote mutual understanding and cooperation.
Why is diplomacy important?
Diplomacy is essential in promoting peace and security among nations. It helps to prevent conflicts by fostering dialogue and cooperation between countries. Additionally, diplomacy can help to resolve disputes and promote economic and cultural exchange.
Section 2: Practical Examples
How does diplomacy work in practice?
Diplomacy involves a range of activities, including negotiations, treaties, and international agreements. For example, when two countries have a disagreement, they may send diplomats to negotiate a resolution. Similarly, when countries sign treaties or international agreements, they are engaging in diplomacy to promote cooperation and understanding.
What are some examples of successful diplomacy?
One example of successful diplomacy is the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). This treaty was signed in 1968 and has been ratified by 191 countries. It aims to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and promote disarmament.
Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
What is the role of diplomacy in current events?
Diplomacy plays a crucial role in current events, particularly in conflicts and disputes between nations. For example, in the ongoing conflict between Ukraine and Russia, diplomats from both countries have been engaged in negotiations to try to resolve the crisis.
What are some challenges facing diplomacy today?
One significant challenge facing diplomacy today is the rise of nationalism and populism in many countries. These movements can make it more difficult to promote international cooperation and understanding. Additionally, the proliferation of social media and other forms of communication can make it harder for diplomats to control the narrative and promote their country's interests.
Glossary:
- Diplomacy: The practice of managing international relations through dialogue and negotiation.
- International relations: The study of the relationships between countries and the interactions between them.
- Treaty: A formal agreement between two or more countries.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, diplomacy is an essential tool for promoting peace and security among nations. By fostering dialogue and cooperation, diplomacy can help to prevent conflicts and resolve disputes. As we continue to navigate an increasingly complex and interconnected world, the importance of diplomacy will only continue to grow.


text:
This video covers the basics of character movement through a variety of controls, such as the accelerometer, keyboard, and mouse. The fundamentals of object rendering through a DirectX implementation of SpriteBatch are also covered. Check out the article for this video at…

Shaders are the core part of many modern video games. This video covers the fundamentals of the High Level Shader Language as well as its application in creating vertex and pixel shaders for a Windows Store DirectX & XAML hybrid project. Check out the article for this video at…

In this video, Den Delimarsky introduces the FallFury project, describing the basic core and organization as well as the technologies used to create the game. Check out the article for this video at http://channel9.msdn.com/coding4fun/articles/Fall-Fury-Part-1-Introduction For the source code, head…

Hardware Testing & DebuggingAs previously mentioned, FallFury runs on multiple types of hardware as long as that hardware supports Windows 8. This article describes the project’s general testing and debugging process, including setting the debug configurations and remote debugging. Check out the…

CharmsWith the release of the Windows 8 operating system, applications are now able to easily integrate with each other and have a unified way to control their workflow through unique system-wide contracts called Charms. Out of the multitude of available options, FallFury leverages two charms—Share…

Particle SystemDuring gameplay there are scenarios during which users need to be visually notified that something has happened, such as a collision with an obstacle or an enemy shell. One way to do this is by having explosion or item breaking simulation, which brings us to the next large component…

Element InteractionDuring the gameplay multiple entities interact with each other to make the gaming experience what it is. The bear collides with obstacles and collects buttons, monsters shoot shells that can fly off-screen or hit the bear—all this is possible with the help of the basic collision…

Animations & Item TransitionsFallFury relies on a lot of dynamic content. As you already aware of how SpriteBatch is invoked inside the FallFury rendering stack, this article focuses on how dynamic activities are handled on existing textures and entities. If you need a quick look at what was…

Rendering Level ElementsIn the previous article, you learned how to build level XML files in order to create playable levels. This article discusses how the internal parser works and how XML nodes become items on the game screen. Check out the video for this article at…

Creating LevelsOne of the goals set when developing FallFury was making the game extensible in regards to playable levels. Furthermore, I thought that it would make sense from the development and testing perspective to have levels as a completely separate entity that can be modified as necessary.…

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Game Development with C# and Unity

### Overview

This lesson introduces students to the basics of game development using C# and Unity, a popular game development engine. The lesson covers the following topics:

1. Introduction to game development
2. Using C# to program games
3. Creating graphics with SpriteBatch
4. Implementing shaders in games
5. Testing and debugging hardware issues

### Section 1: Introduction to Game Development

Game development is the process of creating a game, from conceptualization to release. It involves several stages, including design, programming, art, and sound. In this lesson, we will focus on the programming aspect using C# and Unity.

### Section 2: Using C# to Program Games

C# is a programming language developed by Microsoft. It is widely used for developing games, desktop applications, and web applications. In this lesson, we will learn the basics of C# and how to use it to program games in Unity.

### Section 3: Creating Graphics with SpriteBatch

SpriteBatch is a built-in feature in Unity that allows developers to render sprites efficiently. It is commonly used for creating 2D games. In this section, we will learn how to use SpriteBatch to create graphics in our game.

### Section 4: Implementing Shaders in Games

Shaders are programs that run on the graphics card and control how the graphics card renders 3D graphics. In this section, we will learn how to implement shaders in our game to create stunning visual effects.

### Section 5: Testing and Debugging Hardware Issues

Hardware testing and debugging are essential parts of game development. In this section, we will learn how to test and debug hardware issues in our game to ensure it runs smoothly on different devices.

### Conclusion

In this lesson, we have learned the basics of game development using C# and Unity. We covered the use of C# for programming games, creating graphics with SpriteBatch, implementing shaders, and testing and debugging hardware issues. By the end of this lesson, students will have a solid understanding of the core concepts involved in game development and be able to apply them to their own projects.


text: The Foley Group will host your documents securely online, or you can host them on your servers–it's up to you. We are committed to making this process smooth and stress-free.. We have thousands of square feet of dry, secure storage space for short-term archiving while your documents are being transferred to an electronic system and for up to 90 days after the scanning process is complete. You have access to your original documents whenever you need them in the meantime.. Paper documents can be returned to you after conversion, or you can take advantage of our document destruction services and we will dispose of them for you. We treat our clients' information carefully and with respect. Our affiliate provides a certificate of destruction to ensure your peace of mind.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Document Management and Storage Solutions

Introduction:
In today's digital age, managing and storing documents has become easier than ever before. However, many businesses still rely on paper documents which can be time-consuming and inefficient. In this lesson, we will learn about document management and storage solutions that can help businesses store their documents securely and efficiently.

Section 1: Importance of Document Management and Storage

Topic 1: Why is document management and storage important?
- Document management and storage is important because it helps businesses to organize, store, and retrieve their documents easily and securely.
- It also saves time and resources that would otherwise be spent on searching for documents manually.

Topic 2: What are the benefits of document management and storage?
- Benefits include improved efficiency, reduced costs, increased security, and better collaboration among team members.
- Document management and storage systems also enable businesses to access their documents from anywhere in the world.

Section 2: Types of Document Management and Storage Solutions

Topic 1: On-premise vs. cloud-based solutions
- On-premise solutions involve storing documents on local servers owned by the business itself.
- Cloud-based solutions involve storing documents on remote servers owned by third-party providers.
- Both options have their advantages and disadvantages, and businesses must choose the option that best suits their needs.

Topic 2: Features to look for in document management and storage solutions
- Features include document scanning, indexing, search functionality, version control, and access controls.
- Businesses must ensure that the solution they choose offers all the necessary features to meet their needs.

Section 3: Best Practices for Document Management and Storage

Topic 1: How to choose the right document management and storage solution
- Businesses must consider factors such as cost, scalability, security, and ease of use when choosing a document management and storage solution.
- They should also conduct a thorough analysis of their needs and requirements before selecting a solution.

Topic 2: Tips for effective document management and storage
- Businesses must create a documented plan for managing and storing their documents.
- They should also ensure that all employees are trained on the proper procedures for managing and storing documents.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, document management and storage solutions are essential for businesses looking to streamline their operations and improve efficiency. By following the tips provided in this lesson, businesses can choose the right solution that meets their needs and implement best practices for effective document management and storage.

Glossary:
- Document Management: The process of organizing, storing, and retrieving documents electronically.
- Cloud-based: A computing model that relies on shared computing resources such as servers, storage, and applications hosted on the internet.
- On-premise: A computing model where an organization manages its own infrastructure, including servers, storage, and applications.
- Indexing: The process of creating an index of the contents of a document to facilitate searchability.
- Version Control: The process of tracking changes to documents over time to ensure accuracy and consistency.
- Access Controls: Security measures that restrict access to documents to authorized users only.


text:
In early November 2016, a previously healthy male infant aged 5 months from eastern Connecticut developed fever and vomiting. Right-sided facial twitching began over the next several days, and progressed to seizures that included rightward eye deviation and right arm stiffening. He was admitted to the hospital for evaluation and management of his seizures. There was no travel history; however, the parents reported that 2 weeks earlier, the infant had been bitten by a tick most likely carried into the home on a family member's clothing. The estimated time of tick attachment was \<3 hours.

Head computed tomography scan, complete blood count, and serum electrolytes were normal. A lumbar puncture was performed; white blood cell count in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was 125/*μ*L (81% lymphocytes) (reference range = 0--15 cells/*μ*L). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed a symmetric pattern of restricted diffusion (suggestive of cellular edema) involving the basal ganglia, rostral thalami, and left pulvinar, consistent with encephalitis. There were no findings of hemorrhage, and the lesions did not enhance, indicating normal local blood flow and minimal inflammation. Testing for common nonarboviral causes of encephalitis was negative, as were CSF bacterial cultures and respiratory viral cultures.

Because of the clinical and MRI findings, and the confirmed brief tick attachment, CDC testing for evidence of infection with Powassan virus (POWV) was requested by the attending infectious diseases specialist. The CSF sample obtained on admission (4 days after illness onset) was positive for POWV immunoglobulin M, with a POWV-specific neutralizing antibody titer of 32. The child's seizures were controlled with anticonvulsant therapy with fosphenytoin and levetiracetam, and he was discharged home after 7 days on oral levetiracetam. One month after the onset of symptoms the parents noted that he could no longer sit up unaided, a milestone that he had met prior to the illness. Four months after his illness (aged 10 months), he was reported to have normal motor and verbal development (crawling, walking with a walker, and babbling). He was noted to have a distinct left-handed preference. He was no longer receiving physical or occupational therapy, and was no longer on any antiepileptics. A second MRI performed 4 months after the first revealed gliosis and encephalomalacia in the thalami and basal ganglia bilaterally, with volume loss and evidence of early mineralization in the left basal ganglia.

POWV is a tickborne flavivirus, similar to tickborne encephalitis virus, transmitted by *Ixodes scapularis, I. cookei,* and *I. marxi* ticks ([@R1]). Transmission of POWV occurs as quickly as 15 minutes after tick attachment ([@R2]). Clinical presentations of POWV infection range from a febrile illness to severe neurologic disease, with death occurring in approximately 10% of reported cases; long-term sequelae are common ([@R1]).

During 2006--2015, a median of seven cases of POWV disease (range = 1--12) were reported annually in the United States ([@R1]). Cases occur predominantly in the Northeast and Great Lakes region; several states (Minnesota, New Hampshire, and Virginia) reported their first POWV disease cases during the last 7 years; it is not known whether this represents spread of the virus within the local tick population, or increased testing and recognition of the virus as a cause of human disease. Despite POWV-infected ticks having been found in Connecticut ([@R3]), this is the first report of a human case of POWV disease in the state and highlights the importance of considering POWV disease in persons with a clinically compatible illness and obtaining a comprehensive exposure history. Although the illness onset for this patient (early November) was later than might be expected for encephalitis caused by mosquitoborne arboviruses (e.g., West Nile virus, which is more common in the summer months), ticks can be active well before and after peak mosquito season. It is important for clinicians to consider POWV disease whenever a patient in a tick-endemic area is evaluated for encephalitis. Testing for POWV infection is not usually included on arbovirus encephalitis panels and should be requested specifically, as was done in this case. The short attachment time required to transmit POWV highlights the importance of avoiding tick exposure through the use of repellents or wearing permethrin-treated clothing. Tick checks should be performed as soon as possible after exposure, including showering to remove any nonattached ticks, and clothing should be changed afterward.

Janelle Laven, Amanda Panella, Olga Kosoy, CDC, Fort Collins, Colorado.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Neurological Disorders

### Section 1: Overview of Neurological Disorders

Neurological disorders are diseases or conditions that affect the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. These disorders can cause a wide range of symptoms, including changes in movement, sensation, or thinking. In this lesson, we will learn about some common neurological disorders and their symptoms, as well as how doctors diagnose and treat these conditions.

### Section 2: Types of Neurological Disorders

There are many different types of neurological disorders, but some of the most common ones include:

1. Epilepsy: This is a condition where a person has repeated seizures, which are sudden changes in behavior, sensation, or movement caused by a change in the electrical activity in the brain.

2. Multiple sclerosis: This is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering of nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord, leading to problems with movement, balance, and other functions.

3. Parkinson's disease: This is a progressive disorder that affects the nervous system, causing tremors, stiffness, and problems with movement and balance.

4. Alzheimer's disease: This is a progressive brain disorder that causes memory loss, confusion, and changes in personality and behavior.

5. Stroke: This is a sudden interruption of blood flow to part of the brain, which can cause symptoms such as weakness, numbness, or trouble speaking or seeing.

### Section 3: Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological Disorders

Doctors use a variety of tools and techniques to diagnose and treat neurological disorders. These may include:

1. Physical examination: A doctor may examine a patient's movements, reflexes, and sensitivity to touch, as well as their ability to walk, speak, and think clearly.

2. Imaging tests: MRI or CT scans can help doctors see changes in the brain or spinal cord that may be causing symptoms.

3. Blood tests: These can help rule out certain conditions or identify specific problems, such as a vitamin deficiency that may be causing symptoms.

4. Electroencephalogram (EEG): This test measures the electrical activity in the brain and can help doctors diagnose conditions like epilepsy or tumors.

5. Treatment depends on the specific disorder, but may include medication, physical therapy, occupational therapy, or speech therapy.

### Section 4: Glossary

- Neurological disorder: A disease or condition that affects the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
- Seizure: A sudden change in behavior, sensation, or movement caused by a change in the electrical activity in the brain.
- Autoimmune disease: A condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.
- Tremor: A shaking or trembling of the hands, arms, or legs.
- Stiffness: A feeling of tightness or rigidity in the muscles.
- Memory loss: The inability to remember new information or recall past events.
- Confusion: Feeling unclear or uncertain about what is happening or what to do.
- Personality change: A noticeable shift in a person's behavior, character, or temperament.
- Blood flow: The movement of blood through the body's circulatory system.
- Interruption: A sudden stopping or breaking of something.
- Symptom: A sign or indication of a disease or condition.

### Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about neurological disorders, their symptoms, and how doctors diagnose and treat these conditions. We also explored some of the most common types of neurological disorders and their characteristics. By understanding the basics of these conditions, we can better appreciate the importance of seeking medical care when experiencing symptoms and support those affected by these disorders.


text: Trending News. What is the equation of an ellipse with foci (4, 0) and major axis of length 12?. 2 Answers. a million) right here y coordinates of foci stay comparable; so its axis is parallel to x-axis. 2) Its center is the mid factor of foci = (-2, 4) 3) for this reason its equation is of the type (x - h)²/a² + (y - ok)²/b² = a million 4) right here (h, ok ) is the middle = (-2, 4). 5) considerable axis = 12; ==> a = 6; concentration is (ae+h, ok) = (6e - 2, 4) = (a million, 4); e = a million/2 6) b² = a²(a million - e²); ==> b² = 36(a million - a million/4) = 27 7) for this reason, its equation is: (x + 2)²/36 + (y - 4)²/27 = a million This on increasing and re arranging, turns into as: "3x² + 4y² + 12x - 32y - 32 = 0" This answer besides the previous contributor are comparable, yet does not locate any of the techniques given. Kindly be sure your selections.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Find the Equation of an Ellipse

Introduction
An ellipse is a curve in a plane that is defined by a particular equation. In this lesson, we will learn how to find the equation of an ellipse with foci (4, 0) and a major axis of length 12.

Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
- An ellipse is a conic section that is formed by the intersection of a right circular cone with a plane that is not parallel or perpendicular to the base of the cone.
- The foci of an ellipse are the points where the ellipse intersects itself.
- The major axis of an ellipse is the longest diameter of the ellipse, which runs from one focus to the other.

Question: What is the equation of an ellipse?
Answer: The equation of an ellipse can be written in the form (x - h)²/a² + (y - k)²/b² = 1, where (h, k) is the center of the ellipse.

Section 2: Practical Examples
- Let's find the equation of the ellipse with foci (4, 0) and a major axis of length 12.
- First, we need to find the center of the ellipse. Since the foci stay the same when we reflect the ellipse across the x-axis, the center must be the midpoint of the foci. Therefore, the center is (-2, 4).
- Next, we need to find the semi-major axis (a) and the semi-minor axis (b). We know that the major axis is 12, so a = 6 and b = 6/3 = 2.
- Now we can plug these values into the equation of the ellipse: (x - (-2))²/36 + (y - 4)²/27 = 1.
- Simplifying this equation gives us the final equation of the ellipse: 3x² + 4y² + 12x - 32y - 32 = 0.

Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
- An ellipse can be used to model many real-world phenomena, such as the orbit of a planet around the sun or the path of a projectile launched at an angle.
- For example, if we want to find the equation of an ellipse that represents the orbit of a satellite around the earth, we can use the same principles as we did above. However, we would need more information about the satellite's orbit, such as its semi-major axis and eccentricity.

Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned how to find the equation of an ellipse with foci (4, 0) and a major axis of length 12. We started by understanding the theoretical concepts behind ellipses, then moved on to practical examples using mathematical abstractions and real-world scenarios. By applying these skills, we can find the equation of other ellipses and model real-world phenomena.

Glossary
- Ellipse: A curve in a plane that is defined by a particular equation.
- Foci: The points where the ellipse intersects itself.
- Major axis: The longest diameter of the ellipse, which runs from one focus to the other.
- Center: The midpoint of the foci.
- Semi-major axis: Half of the major axis.
- Semi-minor axis: Half of the minor axis.
- Conic section: A curve in a plane that is formed by the intersection of a right circular cone with a plane that is not parallel or perpendicular to the base of the cone.


text: Abrasive hardness. The hardness of the abrasive refers to the ability of the abrasive surface to resist external effects, and the hardness of the abrasive (eg, oil) is one of the basic properties of the abrasive. Grinding processing is the use of abrasive and the hardness of the workpiece to achieve the difference, the higher the hardness of the abrasive, the stronger its cutting capacity.

textbook:
Lesson: Abrasive Hardness

**Introduction:** In this lesson, we will learn about abrasive hardness and how it is used in grinding processing. We will cover the basic properties of an abrasive, the hardness of the workpiece, and the difference between the two. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the importance of abrasive hardness in grinding processing and how it affects the cutting capacity of the abrasive.

**Section 1: Basic Properties of an Abrasive**

An abrasive is a material that is used to shape or finish other materials by rubbing against them. The hardness of the abrasive refers to its ability to resist external effects such as wear, heat, and corrosion. The hardness of an abrasive can vary depending on its composition and structure. Some common types of abrasives include aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, and diamond.

**Section 2: Hardness of the Workpiece**

The hardness of the workpiece is another important factor in grinding processing. The harder the workpiece, the more force is required to cut it. This means that a harder workpiece will require a harder abrasive to achieve the desired cutting capacity. The hardness of the workpiece can be measured using a variety of methods, including the Rockwell scale, the Vickers scale, and the Brinell scale.

**Section 3: Difference between Abrasive Hardness and Workpiece Hardness**

The difference between the hardness of the abrasive and the workpiece is what allows for effective grinding processing. If the abrasive is too soft, it will not be able to cut the workpiece effectively. On the other hand, if the abrasive is too hard, it may become brittle and break during the grinding process. The ideal abrasive hardness depends on the specific application and the type of workpiece being processed.

**Section 4: Practical Examples**

Let's consider a practical example using mathematical abstractions and real-world scenarios. Suppose we have a workpiece with a hardness of 600 on the Rockwell scale, and we want to choose an appropriate abrasive. If we use an abrasive with a hardness of 800 on the same scale, we can achieve the desired cutting capacity. However, if we use an abrasive with a hardness of 400, we will not be able to achieve the desired cutting capacity.

**Section 5: Self-Debating Discussions**

Now let's engage in a self-debating discussion to teach critical thinking. Why is it important to choose the right abrasive hardness when grinding a workpiece? What are some factors that should be considered when selecting an abrasive? How does the hardness of the abrasive affect the cutting capacity of the grinding wheel?

**Conclusion:**

In conclusion, abrasive hardness is an important property to consider when selecting an abrasive for grinding processing. The hardness of the abrasive and the workpiece must be carefully chosen to ensure effective cutting. By understanding the basic properties of an abrasive, the hardness of the workpiece, and the difference between the two, we can select the appropriate abrasive and achieve the desired cutting capacity.


text: milestone amg news updates private clients, Milestone AMG Private Clients FERROVANADIUM Through the use of a proprietary, environmentally friendly process, AMG is the largest producer of ferrovanadium in North America and the largest recycler of waste streams used to produce vanadium in the world. AMG’s advanced technological process recovers these valuable specialty metals from hazardous waste, eliminating the need to landfill this waste. AMG estimates that the energy consumption used to produce recycled vanadium is approximately 60% of primary manufacturing routes.: milestone amg news updates private clients, Milestone AMG Private Clients FERROVAN.

textbook:
Lesson: Recycling and Sustainability in the Production of Specialty Metals

**Introduction:** Recycling and sustainability are becoming increasingly important in today's world. In this lesson, we will learn about how AMG uses a proprietary, environmentally friendly process to recycle waste streams and produce specialty metals such as ferrovanadium. We will also explore the benefits of this process and how it can help reduce our impact on the environment.

**Section 1: The Importance of Recycling**

Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new products. It is an essential part of reducing our impact on the environment and preserving natural resources. By recycling, we can reduce the amount of waste that ends up in landfills, conserve energy, and reduce pollution.

**Section 2: The Process of Recycling**

AMG uses a proprietary, environmentally friendly process to recycle waste streams and produce specialty metals such as ferrovanadium. This process involves the following steps:

1. Collection and sorting of waste materials
2. Processing of waste materials to separate valuable metals
3. Extraction of specialty metals from the processed waste materials
4. Purification and refining of the extracted metals
5. Formation of the specialty metals into a usable form

**Section 3: The Benefits of Recycling**

The benefits of recycling are numerous. Some of the most significant benefits include:

1. Reduced environmental impact - By recycling, we can reduce the amount of waste that ends up in landfills, which reduces pollution and conserves natural resources.
2. Energy conservation - Recycling requires less energy than producing new products from raw materials, which helps conserve energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
3. Cost savings - Recycling can save money by reducing the need for raw materials and energy, which can lower production costs.
4. Job creation - Recycling creates jobs in the collection, processing, and manufacturing of recycled products.

**Section 4: Real-World Examples**

One real-world example of recycling is the recycling of aluminum cans. Aluminum cans are collected, sorted, and processed to extract the aluminum metal. This metal is then purified and formed into new cans or other aluminum products. This process reduces the need for new aluminum production, conserves energy, and reduces pollution.

**Section 5: Conclusion**

In conclusion, recycling and sustainability are essential for a healthier planet. By using environmentally friendly processes like those used by AMG, we can reduce our impact on the environment while still producing valuable products. By learning about the benefits of recycling and how it works, we can make informed decisions about how to reduce our waste and protect our planet.


text:
A formal total synthesis of dysidiolide.
[structure] A formal total synthesis of the natural product dysidiolide is described. Starting from a Diels-Alder reaction between an enoate and a Rawal diene, the cyclohexenone 4 was synthesized. A subsequent stereospecific methyl cuprate addition established the desired trans configuration in the cyclohexane 3. Wacker oxidation of the pentenyl side chain to the diketone 17 followed by an intramolecular aldol condensation led to the bicyclic enone 2, a key intermediate in a recently reported synthesis of dysidiolide.

textbook:
Core Value: Total Synthesis of Natural Products

Lesson: How to Perform a Formal Total Synthesis of a Natural Product

Introduction:
Total synthesis is the process of creating a complex molecule from simple precursors using a series of chemical reactions. In this lesson, we will learn how to perform a formal total synthesis of the natural product dysidiolide. We will start with the structure of dysidiolide and work our way through each step of the synthesis.

I. Theoretical Concepts

1. What is total synthesis?
Total synthesis is the process of creating a complex molecule from simple precursors using a series of chemical reactions. It involves the use of retrosynthetic analysis to break down the target molecule into simpler precursors and then designing a synthetic route to assemble the molecule from these precursors.

2. What is a natural product?
A natural product is a chemical compound that is produced by living organisms such as plants, animals, and microbes. Natural products have been used for centuries in medicine, food, and other industries due to their diverse range of biological activities.

3. What is dysidiolide?
Dysidiolide is a natural product that has been found in various marine organisms such as sponges and ascidians. It has been reported to exhibit cytotoxic activity against cancer cells.

II. Practical Examples

1. How does the Diels-Alder reaction play a role in the synthesis of dysidiolide?
The Diels-Alder reaction is a [4+2] cycloaddition reaction that involves the formation of a cyclic compound from a conjugated diene and a dienophile. In this case, the enoate and the Rawal diene undergo a Diels-Alder reaction to form the cyclohexenone 4.

2. How does the stereospecific methyl cuprate addition establish the desired trans configuration in the cyclohexane 3?
The stereospecific methyl cuprate addition involves the use of a copper catalyst and a chiral ligand to selectively add methyl groups to the trans-cyclohexane 3. This reaction allows for the establishment of the desired trans configuration in the cyclohexane 3.

3. How does the Wacker oxidation of the pentenyl side chain to the diketone 17 follow by an intramolecular aldol condensation lead to the bicyclic enone 2?
The Wacker oxidation involves the oxidation of an alkene to an aldehyde or ketone using a peroxyacid. In this case, the pentenyl side chain is oxidized to the diketone 17. An intramolecular aldol condensation then occurs between the two ketone groups to form the bicyclic enone 2, which is a key intermediate in a recently reported synthesis of dysidiolide.

III. Self-Debating Discussions

1. Why is the Wacker oxidation necessary in the synthesis of dysidiolide?
The Wacker oxidation is necessary to convert the pentenyl side chain to a diketone, which can then undergo an intramolecular aldol condensation to form the bicyclic enone 2. This step is crucial for the formation of the desired product, dysidiolide.

2. How can the skills learned from this lesson be applied to other natural products?
The skills learned from this lesson can be applied to other natural products by using similar retrosynthetic analysis techniques to break down the target molecule into simpler precursors and then designing a synthetic route to assemble the molecule from these precursors. Additionally, understanding the role of specific reactions such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the Wacker oxidation can help in the synthesis of other complex molecules.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have learned how to perform a formal total synthesis of the natural product dysidiolide. We started with the structure of dysidiolide and worked our way through each step of the synthesis, including the use of the Diels-Alder reaction, stereospecific methyl cuprate addition, Wacker oxidation, and intramolecular aldol condensation. We also discussed the theoretical concepts involved in total synthesis and how they can be applied to other natural products. By mastering these skills, we can contribute to the advancement of chemistry and the development of new drugs and materials.


text: Going into effect from May 15, the new privacy policy has been redesigned to be much simpler by using less legal jargons. The policy offers the same level of protection as the old policy – sharing of no personal data with third parties. Beyond this the new policy goes into more specifics of Reddit Gold and its third party advertising partner Adzerk.. According to Lauren Gelman, a San Francisco based lawyer, Reddit’s old policy was quite broad. Gelman added that the new policy has been specifically written “to apply to reddit.”. “The goal was to be clear and specific. Especially about data retention”, she said while appearing in the comments section of the announcement. Gelman has said that she will be incorporating changes to the policy based on the suggestions provided by redditors. Despite being specific to Reddit, the new policy has awaken quite a few rebels with dissenting voices.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Privacy Policies
## I. Overview
A privacy policy is a statement that explains how a company collects, uses, and protects the personal information of its customers. It is an essential tool for any business that deals with personal data, as it helps to build trust and confidence in the company's ability to handle sensitive information responsibly.
## II. Importance of Privacy Policies
Privacy policies are important because they help to protect the rights and freedoms of individuals by ensuring that their personal information is handled appropriately. They also provide transparency and accountability, which are crucial in building trust between businesses and their customers.
## III. Key Components of a Privacy Policy
A good privacy policy should include the following key components:
- Purpose: This section should explain why the company collects personal information and what it does with it.
- Collection: This section should describe how the company collects personal information from its customers.
- Use: This section should explain how the company uses personal information to provide its services and improve customer experience.
- Disclosure: This section should outline any instances where the company may share personal information with third-party partners or service providers.
- Retention: This section should explain how long the company retains personal information and under what circumstances it may destroy or delete it.
- Security: This section should detail the measures the company takes to protect personal information from unauthorized access, theft, or loss.
- Rights: This section should outline the rights of customers to access, correct, or delete their personal information.
## IV. Real-World Scenarios
Let's consider a few real-world scenarios to illustrate the importance of privacy policies:
### A. Online Shopping
Imagine that you are shopping online at a popular retailer. Before checking out, you are prompted to create an account or continue as a guest. You decide to create an account and provide your name, email address, and credit card information. The retailer's privacy policy is prominently displayed on the page, and you take a moment to review it. You feel comfortable proceeding because you know that the retailer has a good reputation for protecting customer data and that its privacy policy is clear and transparent.
### B. Social Media
Now imagine that you are using a social media platform to connect with friends and family. The platform's privacy policy is lengthy and full of legalese, making it difficult to understand. You wonder whether the platform is really protecting your personal information and whether it is sharing your data with third-party advertisers. You begin to question whether it is safe to use the platform at all.
## V. Conclusion
In conclusion, privacy policies are essential tools for businesses that deal with personal information. They help to build trust and confidence in a company's ability to handle sensitive information responsibly. By understanding the key components of a privacy policy and considering real-world scenarios, we can appreciate the importance of these policies in protecting our rights and freedoms.


text: Q: I’ve been using an X-centric set [lift in one second, lower in six] for every muscle and have noticed more cuts, veins, and I’m pretty sure more muscle size. I usually use it on the last set of a 4X sequence, but I’ve heard it’s better on the first set to get more of a warmup. Which is better, the X-centric set on the first or last set of 4X?. A: In a previous newsletter, we outlined how to use an X-centric set on the last set of a 4X sequence with The Ultimate Fat-to-Muscle Workout. We showed a lat routine with 4X on the first exercise.[Read more…]

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding X-Centric Sets and their Benefits

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the concept of X-Centric sets and understand their benefits in building muscle mass, cutting, and increasing overall strength. We will cover the following topics:

I. What are X-Centric Sets?
II. Benefits of X-Centric Sets
III. How to Perform X-Centric Sets
IV. Examples of X-Centric Sets
V. Conclusion

I. What are X-Centric Sets?
X-Centric sets refer to a training method where the weight is lifted for an extended period (X seconds) and then lowered slowly over a period of 2X seconds. This method is also known as time-under-tension training.

Benefits of X-Centric Sets:
1. Increased Muscle Size: X-Centric sets promote muscle growth by increasing the time under tension, which leads to micro-trauma in the muscles. This micro-trauma stimulates the body's repair process, leading to increased muscle size.

2. Improved Muscle Definition: By lifting the weight slowly and lowering it even slower, X-Centric sets help to increase blood flow to the muscles being worked. This increased blood flow helps to pump up the muscles and provide a better definition.

3. Increased Strength: X-Centric sets can help to increase overall strength by targeting the slow-twitch muscle fibers that are responsible for endurance and strength.

II. Benefits of X-Centric Sets
III. How to Perform X-Centric Sets
To perform X-Centric sets, follow these steps:

1. Choose a weight that you can lift for an extended period (X seconds).

2. Lift the weight slowly and with control for X seconds.

3. Lower the weight slowly over a period of 2X seconds.

4. Repeat for 3-5 sets, depending on your goals and fitness level.

IV. Examples of X-Centric Sets
Example 1: Push-ups
1. Choose a weight that you can lift for 5 seconds.

2. Lift the weight slowly and with control for 5 seconds.

3. Lower the weight slowly over a period of 10 seconds.

4. Repeat for 3-5 sets.

Example 2: Squats
1. Choose a weight that you can lift for 8 seconds.

2. Lift the weight slowly and with control for 8 seconds.

3. Lower the weight slowly over a period of 16 seconds.

4. Repeat for 3-5 sets.

V. Conclusion
In conclusion, X-Centric sets are an effective training method that can help to increase muscle size, improve muscle definition, and increase overall strength. By performing X-Centric sets for 3-5 sets, you can achieve significant results in your fitness journey. Remember to choose a weight that you can lift for an extended period and lower slowly over a period of 2X seconds.


text:
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of fecal Escherichia coli isolates with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones: results from a large hospital-based surveillance initiative.
The prevalence of fecal colonization with Escherichia coli that has reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones is unknown. A detailed characterization of such isolates is limited. We conducted 3 annual fecal surveillance initiatives at 2 hospitals from 2002 to 2004. All E. coli isolates with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] to levofloxacin, > or = 0.125 microg/mL) were identified. We characterized gyrA and parC mutations and organic solvent tolerance (OST). Isolates were compared using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Of 789 fecal samples, 149 (18.9%) revealed E. coli with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. Of 149 isolates, 102 (68.5%) had a MIC > or = 8 microg/mL, 138 (92.6%) had > or = 1 gyrA mutation, 101 (67.8%) had > or = 1 parC mutation, and 59 (39.6%) demonstrated OST. Isolates with a MIC > or = 8 versus <8 microg/mL had more target mutations (median, 3 vs. 1; P<.001) and more often exhibited OST (51% vs. 15%; P<.001). Of 149 isolates, 144 (96.6%) demonstrated a MIC > or = 16 microg/mL to nalidixic acid. The prevalence of OST differed across study years (P = .01). There was no clonal spread of isolates. Colonization by E. coli with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility is common, and fluoroquinolone-resistance characteristics differ significantly over time. Resistance to nalidixic acid may be useful in the identification of E. coli with early resistance mutations.

textbook:
Lesson: Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Bacteria

Introduction:
Bacteria are single-celled organisms that can cause diseases in humans. Some bacteria have developed resistance to antibiotics, making it difficult to treat infections. In this lesson, we will learn about phenotypic and genotypic characterization of bacteria with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

Section 1: Phenotypic Characterization

Phenotypic characterization is the process of identifying physical traits of an organism. In the case of bacteria, phenotypic characterization involves observing the bacteria's appearance, growth rate, and other physical properties.

Question: How do we identify bacteria with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones?
Answer: We identify bacteria with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones by observing their ability to grow in the presence of the antibiotic. If the bacteria can still grow, they are considered resistant to the antibiotic.

Section 2: Genotypic Characterization

Genotypic characterization involves identifying the genetic makeup of an organism. In the case of bacteria, genotypic characterization involves analyzing the DNA sequences of specific genes that are responsible for antibiotic resistance.

Question: How do we identify the genetic mutations responsible for antibiotic resistance in bacteria?
Answer: We identify the genetic mutations responsible for antibiotic resistance in bacteria by analyzing the DNA sequences of specific genes, such as gyrA and parC, which are involved in the process of DNA replication. Mutations in these genes can lead to changes in the enzymes they produce, making them less susceptible to the effects of antibiotics.

Section 3: Organic Solvent Tolerance (OST)

Organic solvent tolerance is a phenomenon in which certain bacteria can survive in the presence of organic solvents, which are substances that can dissolve other substances. This tolerance can be a factor in antibiotic resistance, as some antibiotics are organic solvents.

Question: Why is organic solvent tolerance important in antibiotic resistance?
Answer: Organic solvent tolerance is important in antibiotic resistance because it allows certain bacteria to survive in the presence of antibiotics that are organic solvents. This can lead to increased resistance to these antibiotics.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of bacteria with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. We also learned about organic solvent tolerance, which can contribute to antibiotic resistance. By understanding these factors, we can better understand and combat antibiotic resistance in bacteria.


text: “Evolution of mankind is paralleled by the increase and expansion of consciousness.”. – Albert Hofmann. Psilocin Pharma Corp., a subsidiary of Revive Therapeutics Ltd. (CSE: RVV), has developed production solutions for the active compound Psilocybin. Our process encompassed with our intellectual property cover methods of production of Psilocybin based formulations. We have developed 6 formulations to date. Visit our pipeline for more information. Psilocin Pharma Corp’s range of products have been engineered to work synergistically with the body’s own natural pathways of absorption while offering a contemporary approach to consumption.. About The Founder has since.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Evolution of Mankind and the Expansion of Consciousness
Introduction:
The quote by Albert Hofmann suggests that the evolution of human beings is closely related to the expansion of consciousness. This lesson will explore what consciousness is, how it evolved, and its impact on human evolution.
What is Consciousness?
Consciousness is the state or quality of being aware of something. It is the ability to perceive and understand the world around us. Consciousness allows us to think, feel, and make decisions.
How did Consciousness Evolve?
Consciousness is thought to have evolved over millions of years. The first living organisms were single-celled creatures that lacked any form of consciousness. As life evolved, more complex organisms emerged, such as plants and animals. These organisms had a basic form of consciousness, but it was limited.
The evolution of consciousness is believed to have occurred in stages. The first stage was the development of simple reflexes, which allowed organisms to respond to their environment. The second stage was the development of basic sensory perception, which allowed organisms to perceive their surroundings. The third stage was the development of cognitive abilities, which allowed organisms to think and make decisions.
The final stage of the evolution of consciousness was the development of self-awareness. Self-awareness is the ability to recognize oneself as an individual separate from the environment. This is a relatively recent development in human evolution and is thought to be the basis for human consciousness.
Impact of Consciousness on Human Evolution
Consciousness has had a profound impact on human evolution. The development of self-awareness allowed humans to develop complex social structures, create art, and develop language. These advancements allowed humans to cooperate and communicate with one another, which led to the development of civilization.
Consciousness also allowed humans to develop advanced problem-solving skills. This enabled humans to create tools, invent agriculture, and develop technology. These advancements allowed humans to control their environment and improve their standard of living.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the evolution of human beings is closely related to the expansion of consciousness. The development of consciousness allowed humans to develop complex social structures, create art, develop language, and advance problem-solving skills. These advancements allowed humans to create civilization and improve their standard of living.