text:
Readings: Thursday, October 13, 2011

Thursday, October 13, 2011

First Reading

First Reading: Rom 3:21-29

Brothers and sisters:
Now the righteousness of God has been manifested apart from the law,
though testified to by the law and the prophets,
the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ
for all who believe.
For there is no distinction;
all have sinned and are deprived of the glory of God.
They are justified freely by his grace
through the redemption in Christ Jesus,
whom God set forth as an expiation,
through faith, by his Blood, to prove his righteousness
because of the forgiveness of sins previously committed,
through the forbearance of God-
to prove his righteousness in the present time,
that he might be righteous
and justify the one who has faith in Jesus.

What occasion is there then for boasting? It is ruled out.
On what principle, that of works?
No, rather on the principle of faith.
For we consider that a person is justified by faith
apart from works of the law.
Does God belong to Jews alone?
Does he not belong to Gentiles, too?
Yes, also to Gentiles, for God is one
and will justify the circumcised on the basis of faith
and the uncircumcised through faith.

Responsorial Psalm

Responsorial Psalm: Ps 130:1b-2, 3-4, 5-6ab

R./ With the Lord there is mercy, and fullness of redemption.

Out of the depths I cry to you, O LORD;
LORD, hear my voice!
Let your ears be attentive
to my voice in supplication.R./ With the Lord there is mercy, and fullness of redemption.

If you, O LORD, mark iniquities,
Lord, who can stand?
But with you is forgiveness,
that you may be revered.R./ With the Lord there is mercy, and fullness of redemption.

I trust in the LORD;
my soul trusts in his word.
My soul waits for the LORD
more than sentinels wait for the dawn.R./ With the Lord there is mercy, and fullness of redemption.

Holy Gospel

Gospel Reading: Lk 11:47-54

Jesus said to a teacher of the law, "A curse is on you, for you build memorials to the prophets your ancestors killed. So you approve and agree with what your ancestors did. Is it not so? They got rid of the prophets, and now you can build!"

(The Wisdom of God also said,) "I will send prophets and apostles and this people will kill and persecute some of them. But the present generation will have to answer for the blood of all the prophets that has been shed since the foundation of the world, from the blood of Abel to the blood of Zechariah, who was murdered between the altar and the sanctuary. Yes, I tell you, the people of this time will have to answer for them all.

"A curse is on you, teachers of the Law, for you have taken the key of knowledge. You yourselves have not entered, and you prevented others from entering."

As Jesus left that place, the teachers of the Law and the Pharisees began to harass him, asking him endless questions, setting traps to catch him in something he might say.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to the Concept of Righteousness

Overview:
In this lesson, we will introduce the concept of righteousness, which is a term used in religion and philosophy to describe the state of being morally right or justified. We will explore the meaning of righteousness, its significance in religious contexts, and how it relates to other concepts such as justice and morality.

Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
1. Define the term "righteousness" and explain its significance in religious contexts.
2. Identify ways in which righteousness is related to concepts such as justice, morality, and sin.
3. Analyze how the concept of righteousness is expressed in different religions and philosophies.

Section 1: Introduction to Righteousness

Topic 1: Definition and Significance
- What does the term "righteousness" mean?
- Why is righteousness important in religious contexts?

Topic 2: Relationship with Other Concepts
- How is righteousness related to justice, morality, and sin?
- Can you provide examples of each?

Section 2: Exploring Righteousness in Different Traditions

Topic 1: Christianity
- How does the concept of righteousness appear in Christian theology?
- Can you provide an example of how righteousness is expressed in Christian practice?

Topic 2: Judaism
- How does the concept of righteousness appear in Jewish tradition?
- Can you provide an example of how righteousness is expressed in Jewish practice?

Topic 3: Islam
- How does the concept of righteousness appear in Islamic theology?
- Can you provide an example of how righteousness is expressed in Islamic practice?

Section 3: Applying Righteousness in Everyday Life

Topic 1: Personal Reflection
- How can we apply the concept of righteousness in our daily lives?
- What challenges might we face when trying to act righteously?

Topic 2: Group Discussion
- How can we encourage righteous behavior in our communities?
- What role do institutions such as schools, churches, and governments play in promoting righteousness?

Glossary:
- Righteousness: The state of being morally right or justified.
- Justice: The quality of being fair and impartial.
- Morality: A set of principles that govern right and wrong behavior.
- Sin: An act of disobedience against God or a violation of his law.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have explored the concept of righteousness, its significance in religious contexts, and how it relates to other concepts such as justice, morality, and sin. We have also examined how the concept of righteousness is expressed in different religions and philosophies. By understanding the importance of righteousness and reflecting on its application in our daily lives, we can strive to become better individuals and contribute positively to our communities.


text: If you lose track of what you are. tracking, you can safely drive. along the walking route to the. point immediately before it.. The speed is automatically adjusted according. to the weight of the towed luggage.. Joystick remote control- It can control manually. by using a Smart Phone Application (Android / iOS). In the tracking mode,. when you need to pass the. robot in narrow space,. you can adjust the movement. of the robot with remote control.. It is also possible to create a map. of the warehouse and automatically. drive on the route decided by the user.. What is Double Safety Performance?. It can stop safely with Non-contact detection and bumper sensor can stop tire. lock for unexpected contact.. Compatible with. two types of carts.. Product Summary. Product Name : PITAKURU. Transport Weight : 600kg. Maximum speed: 6km / h * When not towing. Company Profile. Company Name : KEISUUGIKEN Co.,Ltd

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Robotics

## Section 1: What is Robotics?
Robotics is the study of robots and their design, construction, and operation. It involves the use of sensors, actuators, and computer programming to create machines that can perform tasks automatically. Robotics has many applications in industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, and transportation.

## Section 2: Types of Robots
There are different types of robots, including industrial robots, service robots, and research robots. Industrial robots are used in manufacturing processes to perform repetitive tasks such as welding, painting, and assembly. Service robots are designed to interact with humans and perform tasks such as cleaning, cooking, and shopping. Research robots are used in scientific research to explore new technologies and techniques.

## Section 3: How Robotics Works
Robotics works by combining sensors, actuators, and computer programming to create machines that can perform tasks automatically. Sensors are used to detect changes in the environment, such as temperature or pressure. Actuators are used to move the robot's arms or legs, or to manipulate objects. Computer programming is used to control the robot's movements and actions.

## Section 4: Applications of Robotics
Robotics has many applications in industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, and transportation. In manufacturing, robots are used to perform repetitive tasks such as welding, painting, and assembly. In healthcare, robots are used to perform surgeries, dispense medication, and assist patients with mobility. In transportation, robots are used to guide vehicles and deliver packages.

## Section 5: Conclusion
Robotics is an exciting field that combines engineering, computer science, and mathematics. By understanding the principles of robotics, we can create machines that can perform tasks automatically, making our lives easier and more efficient. Whether you are interested in building robots, programming them, or using them in your industry, there is something for everyone in the world of robotics.


text: this project is to determine how ferric chloride application points and dosage can lower phosphorus levels. demonstration sites provides information on the characteristics of agricultural drainage from a typical field in south-central Minnesota. Results will help researchers evaluate the environmental and economic impacts of specific management practices.. The goals of this site are:.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Determine the Effectiveness of Ferric Chloride Application in Lowering Phosphorus Levels in Agricultural Drainage

**Introduction**

In this lesson, we will learn about the process of determining the effectiveness of ferric chloride application in lowering phosphorus levels in agricultural drainage. We will cover the steps involved in conducting a study, the factors that affect the results, and the methods used to analyze the data. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the importance of this research and apply the knowledge to other related fields.

**Section 1: Understanding the Problem**

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth, but excessive amounts in agricultural drainage can lead to water pollution and eutrophication. Ferric chloride is a common chemical used to treat agricultural drainage systems to remove phosphorus. However, the effectiveness of ferric chloride application depends on several factors such as the type of soil, weather conditions, and the concentration of the chemical.

**Section 2: Conducting the Study**

To determine the effectiveness of ferric chloride application in lowering phosphorus levels in agricultural drainage, researchers need to follow a systematic approach. First, they need to select a demonstration site with a typical field in south-central Minnesota. They then collect samples of agricultural drainage before and after the application of ferric chloride. Finally, they analyze the samples in a laboratory to measure the amount of phosphorus removed.

**Section 3: Analyzing the Data**

Once the data is collected, researchers use statistical methods to analyze the results. They compare the initial and final phosphorus levels in the drainage samples to determine the effectiveness of the ferric chloride application. They also consider other factors such as soil type, weather conditions, and the concentration of the chemical to understand the impact of these variables on the results.

**Section 4: Drawing Conclusions**

Based on the results of the study, researchers can draw conclusions about the effectiveness of ferric chloride application in lowering phosphorus levels in agricultural drainage. If the results show a significant reduction in phosphorus levels, it suggests that the application of ferric chloride is an effective method for managing phosphorus in agricultural drainage systems. On the other hand, if the results show no significant reduction, it may indicate that other methods or higher concentrations of ferric chloride may be necessary to achieve the desired results.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, understanding the effectiveness of ferric chloride application in lowering phosphorus levels in agricultural drainage is crucial for maintaining water quality and preventing eutrophication. By following a systematic approach to conducting and analyzing the data, researchers can draw meaningful conclusions about the impact of this method on phosphorus management. This knowledge can be applied to other related fields to improve water quality and protect the environment.


text: NMIT has been conceived, planned and implemented by Sri. Jacob John, graduate of IIT Madras. The latest technologies have been implemented from construction onwards, and are a model for engineers who visit the campus to study the unique features.. NMIT is advised by a galaxy of academicians, among whom are Dr. Gangan Prathap, former Vice Chancellor, CUSAT, Dr. K Rajagopal, London, Dr. Harinder Singh Jagdev, Ireland, and Dr. Vinod Veedu, USA.. NMIT is the sole institution in the state seeded by an IIT alumnus and nurtured by technocrats and world renowned scientists.. The institution has already become a trend setter in Professional education in Kerala owing to the strong foundation laid by great minds, assisted by highly qualified faculty and supported by excellent infrastructure and amenities.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Conceive, Plan, and Implement a Successful Institution

**Introduction:**
In this lesson, we will learn about the process of conceiving, planning, and implementing a successful institution. We will focus on the NMIT, which was conceived, planned, and implemented by Sri. Jacob John, a graduate of IIT Madras. We will explore the unique features of NMIT, its advisory board, and how it became a trendsetter in professional education in Kerala.

**Conceiving an Institution:**
Conceiving an institution involves identifying a need or gap in the market and creating a plan to fill that need. In the case of NMIT, the need was for a top-quality institution that provided professional education in Kerala. Sri. Jacob John recognized this need and decided to create an institution that would meet this demand.

**Planning an Institution:**
Planning an institution involves creating a roadmap for how the institution will operate, what services it will provide, and how it will achieve its goals. This includes developing a mission statement, defining the target audience, and creating a business plan. In the case of NMIT, the institution's mission was to provide world-class professional education to students in Kerala. The target audience was students who wanted to pursue careers in engineering, technology, and management. The business plan included details on how the institution would attract students, faculty, and funding.

**Implementing an Institution:**
Implementing an institution involves putting the plan into action. This includes securing funding, hiring staff, and building infrastructure. In the case of NMIT, Sri. Jacob John used the latest technologies to construct the campus and implemented unique features that made it a model for engineers who visited the campus. He also assembled a team of advisors, including Dr. Gangan Prathap, former Vice Chancellor of CUSAT, and Dr. Vinod Veedu, USA, to guide the institution.

**Conclusion:**
In conclusion, conceiving, planning, and implementing a successful institution requires a clear vision, a well-defined plan, and a commitment to execution. By following these steps, NMIT became a trendsetter in professional education in Kerala. By studying the unique features of NMIT and the process it went through, we can apply these lessons to our own endeavors and create successful institutions that meet the needs of our communities.


text:
75 Livingston Street

75 Livingston Street, also known as the Court Chambers Building, or the Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce Building, is a 30-story  residential cooperative tower located in Downtown Brooklyn, New York.

Overview
The building was designed by architect Abraham J. Simberg, and built in 1926. The building was initially designed to have a dining room on the terrace of the 25th floor and to be 430 ft high (131 m).

At one time in the past, the structure was called the Court-Livingston, due to its alternate street address of 66 Court Street. Originally constructed as an office tower, the building was converted into cooperative apartments in 1981. In 2010 the building was included in the Borough Hall Skyscraper Historic District, which would landmark it, as well as several of the surrounding buildings. This inclusion came with disagreements from many residents of the building who claimed that, not only was the building's architecture not significant enough to merit landmark status, but also argued that the status would be financially adverse for those living in the building. However, despite their claims the building was included in the Historic District and was land-marked in 2011.

See also
 List of tallest buildings in Brooklyn
 List of tallest buildings in New York City

References

External links

75 Livingston Street on CTBUH
75 Livingston Street on Emporis
75 Livingston Street on Skyscraperpage.com
75 Livingston Street on Structurae

Category:Skyscrapers in Brooklyn
Category:Brooklyn Heights
Category:1920s architecture in the United States
Category:1926 establishments in New York (state)
Category:Gothic Revival architecture in New York City
Category:Gothic Revival skyscrapers
Category:Downtown Brooklyn
Category:Residential condominiums in New York City
Category:Residential buildings in Brooklyn
Category:Residential skyscrapers in New York City
Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1926

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Real Estate

### Overview
Real estate is a broad term that refers to land, buildings, and other physical assets that are used for commercial, industrial, or residential purposes. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of real estate, including the different types of properties, the role of real estate agents, and the importance of location.

### Section 1: Types of Real Estate
There are four main types of real estate: residential, commercial, industrial, and land. Residential real estate includes single-family homes, condominiums, townhouses, and multi-family buildings with two to four units. Commercial real estate includes office buildings, retail spaces, warehouses, and other structures used for business purposes. Industrial real estate includes factories, warehouses, and other facilities used for manufacturing and distribution. Land refers to vacant lots or undeveloped land that can be used for development.

### Section 2: Real Estate Agents
Real estate agents are professionals who help buyers and sellers negotiate the purchase and sale of property. They are licensed by the state and work for real estate brokers, who oversee their activities. Real estate agents earn a commission when they complete a successful transaction.

### Section 3: Location, Location, Location
Location is one of the most important factors to consider when buying or renting real estate. Proximity to public transportation, schools, shopping, and entertainment are all important factors to consider. The condition of the neighborhood, crime rates, and property values can also affect the desirability of a location.

### Conclusion
Real estate is a complex and dynamic industry that requires a deep understanding of market trends, financing, and legal issues. By studying the basics of real estate, you can make informed decisions about buying or selling property and become a savvy investor.


text: PA144: Exploring Challenges Facilitators and Opportunities for Minority School Psychology StudentsFriday, February 21, 2014 10:00 AM–10:50 AM PMD: 8Skill Level: IGrade Level(s): DDescription: Exploring Challenges, Facilitators, and Opportunities for Minority School Psychology Students This session presents research regarding challenges and facilitators to minority graduate students’ persistence to degree completion. Participants should gain an understanding of: (a) research related to minority students’ experiences in graduate school; (b) challenges and facilitators to participation in graduate school; and (c) persistence strategies to encourage degree completion. The session offers minority students a forum for discussing opportunities for success in graduate school. Speaker(s): Tamanna Haque, Addison District 4, Addison, IL; Courtney Banks, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX; Kayla Nichols, Duquesne University, Pittsburg, PA; Shireen Quaizar, Queens College, City University of New York, Queens, NY

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Graduate School for Minority Students

**Objective:** To provide an overview of the graduate school experience for minority students and offer strategies for success.

**Grade Level:** High School

**Prerequisites:** None

**Materials:** None

**Introduction:** Graduate school is an important step in higher education that can lead to advanced degrees and specialized training in various fields. However, the journey to graduate school can be challenging, especially for minority students. In this lesson, we will explore the challenges and opportunities for minority students in graduate school and provide strategies for success.

**Section 1: Challenges Faced by Minority Students in Graduate School**

One of the main challenges faced by minority students in graduate school is impostor syndrome, which is the feeling of not belonging or being out of place in a predominantly white institution. Other challenges include financial difficulties, lack of support from faculty and peers, and cultural differences.

**Activity:** Discuss with a partner or small group some of the challenges you may face as a minority student in graduate school. What strategies can you use to overcome these challenges?

**Section 2: Facilitators for Minority Students in Graduate School**

Despite the challenges, there are also facilitators that can help minority students succeed in graduate school. One such facilitator is the presence of mentors who can provide guidance and support. Additionally, many universities offer resources such as tutoring, writing centers, and academic counseling to help students succeed.

**Activity:** Research the resources available at your university for minority graduate students. Share your findings with the class.

**Section 3: Strategies for Success**

To succeed in graduate school, minority students should develop a strong support system, seek out mentors and role models, and participate in professional development opportunities. It is also important to stay organized, manage time effectively, and take advantage of any resources available.

**Activity:** Create a study plan for graduate school that includes strategies for managing time, staying organized, and seeking support when needed.

**Conclusion:** Graduate school can be a challenging experience, but with the right strategies and support, minority students can succeed and thrive in this environment. By understanding the challenges and opportunities, students can make informed decisions about their academic journey and set themselves up for success.

**Glossary:**
- Impostor syndrome: the feeling of not belonging or being out of place in a predominantly white institution
- Minority: a person belonging to a racial or ethnic group that is not dominant in a particular society or context
- Graduate school: a school that offers advanced degrees and specialized training in various fields
- Mentor: an experienced and trusted advisor
- Professional development: activities that help individuals improve their skills and knowledge in their occupational sphere

**Glossary:**
- Impostor syndrome: the feeling of not belonging or being out of place in a predominantly white institution
- Minority: a person belonging to a racial or ethnic group that is not dominant in a particular society or context
- Graduate school: a school that offers advanced degrees and specialized training in various fields
- Mentor: an experienced and trusted advisor
- Professional development: activities that help individuals improve their skills and knowledge in their occupational sphere


text: The three-dimensional jig-saw puzzle : a ceramic sequence from North east Thailand.. Buchan, Rosemary Ann. Cite this item: Buchan, R. A. (1973). The three-dimensional jig-saw puzzle : a ceramic sequence from North east Thailand. (Thesis, Master of Arts). Retrieved from. Permanent link to OUR Archive version:. Abstract:. The aims of this research are threefold - to demonstrate changes in the ceramic sequence of four sites in one area in Northeast Thailand; to assess the extent to which these changes are indicative of wider changes in the prehistoric culture responsible for them; and to compare ceramic changes in all four sites with a view to establishing a tentative overall sequence for the area in question. [extract from Introduction]. Date: 1973. Advisor: Bayard, Donn; Parker, R. H.. Degree Name: Master of Arts. Degree Discipline: Anthropology. Publisher: University of Otago. Languages: English. Collections. - Anthropology and Archaeology [176]. - Thesis - Masters [3000]

textbook:
Title: The Three-Dimensional Jigsaw Puzzle: A Ceramic Sequence from Northeast Thailand

Abstract: This research aims to demonstrate changes in the ceramic sequence of four sites in one area in Northeast Thailand. The study also assesses the extent to which these changes are indicative of wider changes in the prehistoric culture responsible for them and compares ceramic changes in all four sites with a view to establishing a tentative overall sequence for the area in question.

Introduction: The research focuses on the ceramic sequence of four sites in Northeast Thailand. The aims of the study are to demonstrate changes in the ceramic sequence, assess the extent to which these changes are indicative of wider changes in the prehistoric culture responsible for them, and compare ceramic changes in all four sites with a view to establishing a tentative overall sequence for the area in question.

Methodology: The research methodology involves analyzing the ceramic sequence of four sites in Northeast Thailand. The study uses a comparative approach to identify changes in the ceramic sequence and assess their significance in understanding the prehistoric culture responsible for them.

Results: The results show that there are significant changes in the ceramic sequence of the four sites. The study identifies a tentative overall sequence for the area in question, which indicates that there were significant changes in the prehistoric culture responsible for the ceramic sequence.

Conclusion: The study concludes that the ceramic sequence of the four sites in Northeast Thailand demonstrates significant changes that are indicative of wider changes in the prehistoric culture responsible for them. The study also establishes a tentative overall sequence for the area in question, which can be used to understand the development of prehistoric cultures in the region.

Glossary:
- Ceramic: A type of pottery or other fired clay object.
- Sequence: A series of related events or items followed in a particular order.
- Prehistoric: Relating to or denoting the period before the development of written records.
- Culture: The customs, arts, and social institutions of a particular nation or people.

Chapter 1: Introduction to Ceramic Analysis
- Definition of Ceramics
- Importance of Ceramic Analysis
- Overview of the Research Problem
- Research Objectives
- Research Questions
- Significance of the Study
- Scope of the Study

Chapter 2: Literature Review
- Historical Background of Northeast Thailand
- Prehistoric Cultures in Northeast Thailand
- Ceramic Sequences in Northeast Thailand
- Comparative Approaches to Ceramic Analysis
- Theoretical Frameworks for Ceramic Analysis

Chapter 3: Methodology
- Site Selection
- Data Collection
- Data Analysis
- Interpretation of Results
- Limitations of the Study

Chapter 4: Results
- Description of the Ceramic Sequence
- Changes in the Ceramic Sequence
- Significance of the Changes
- Comparison with Other Sites
- Implications for Prehistoric Cultures

Chapter 5: Conclusion
- Summary of Findings
- Discussion of Results
- Implications for Future Research
- Contributions to Knowledge
- Concluding Remarks

Glossary:
- Ceramic: A type of pottery or other fired clay object.
- Sequence: A series of related events or items followed in a particular order.
- Prehistoric: Relating to or denoting the period before the development of written records.
- Culture: The customs, arts, and social institutions of a particular nation or people.

Chapter 6: Appendix
- Tables and Figures
- References
- Bibliography

Glossary:
- Table: A row of data arranged in a specific format.
- Figure: A graphical representation of data or information.
- Reference: A source of information cited in a piece of writing.
- Bibliography: A list of sources used in a research project or essay.


text: General availability: Asset certification in Azure Purview data catalog. Date de publication : 28 février, 2022. As an Azure Purview data catalog grows in size, it becomes important for data consumers to understand what assets they can trust. Data consumers must know if an asset meet their organization's quality standards and can be regarded as reliable..

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Data Quality in Azure Purview Data Catalog

**Section 1: What is Data Quality?**
Data quality refers to the accuracy, completeness, and relevance of data in a dataset or data catalog. In the context of Azure Purview data catalog, data quality is crucial for ensuring that data consumers can trust the assets listed in the catalog. High-quality data helps organizations make informed decisions, while poor-quality data can lead to incorrect conclusions and loss of credibility.

**Section 2: Importance of Data Quality in Azure Purview Data Catalog**
Azure Purview data catalog is a central location where all data assets across an organization are registered and managed. As the catalog grows in size, it becomes challenging for data consumers to identify which assets they can trust. Therefore, ensuring high-quality data in the catalog is essential for maintaining the integrity of the organization's decision-making process.

**Section 3: Assessing Data Quality in Azure Purview Data Catalog**
There are several ways to assess data quality in Azure Purview data catalog:

1. Data profiling: This involves analyzing the data to identify any errors, inconsistencies, or missing values. Data profiling tools can help automate this process and provide insights into the quality of the data.

2. Business rules: Organizations can define business rules to ensure that the data meets specific quality standards. For example, a rule might state that a particular field must contain only numerical values.

3. User feedback: Data consumers can provide feedback on the quality of the data they consume from the catalog. This feedback can be used to improve the quality of the data over time.

**Section 4: Conclusion**
In conclusion, data quality is a critical aspect of any data catalog, including Azure Purview data catalog. Ensuring high-quality data helps organizations make informed decisions and maintain credibility. By assessing data quality using data profiling, business rules, and user feedback, organizations can ensure that the data in their catalog is reliable and trustworthy.

**Glossary**
- Data quality: The accuracy, completeness, and relevance of data in a dataset or data catalog.
- Data catalog: A central location where all data assets across an organization are registered and managed.
- Data asset: A specific piece of data that is registered in the data catalog.
- Data consumer: An individual or system that consumes data from the data catalog.

**Self-Debating Discussion**
Why is data quality important in the context of Azure Purview data catalog? How does poor-quality data affect an organization's decision-making process?


text: This booklet has important information about breast cancer. You will read about possible causes, screening, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and supportive care. You will also find ideas about how to cope with the disease.. Review Date: February 28, 2011. This brief, step-by-step guide will help you to understand the steps doctors take to distinguish a benign from a cancerous lump, including diagnostic mammography, ultrasound, MRI and biopsy.. Susan G. Komen for the Cure

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Breast Cancer

## Section 1: Understanding Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the breast tissue. It is one of the most common types of cancer in women, but it can also affect men. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of breast cancer, including its causes, screening methods, and treatment options.

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that forms in the cells of the breast.
- There are different types of breast cancer, depending on the kind of cells affected.
- Risk factors for breast cancer include family history, age, and certain genetic mutations.

**Practical Examples:**
- If a woman in your family has had breast cancer, it increases your risk of getting the disease.
- The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma, which begins in the milk ducts.
- Women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation have a higher risk of developing breast cancer.

**Questions and Answers:**
- What is breast cancer?
- How common is breast cancer?
- Who is at risk for breast cancer?

**Definitions of Purpose:**
- Malignant: cancerous, meaning it can spread to other parts of the body
- Benign: not cancerous, does not invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body
- Screening: testing for diseases before any symptoms appear

**Glossary:**
- Breast cancer: a type of cancer that develops in the breast tissue
- Malignant: cancerous
- Benign: not cancerous
- Screening: testing for diseases before any symptoms appear

## Section 2: Diagnosing Breast Cancer
Once a woman notices changes in her breasts or has a concern, she should see a healthcare provider. The provider will perform an examination and may order tests to determine if cancer is present. In this section, we will learn about the diagnostic tools used to identify breast cancer.

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- Diagnostic mammography: an X-ray of the breast used to detect changes in breast tissue
- Ultrasound: a test that uses sound waves to create images of the inside of the body
- MRI: a test that uses magnets and radio waves to create images of the body
- Biopsy: a procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed from the breast to be examined under a microscope

**Practical Examples:**
- A diagnostic mammogram is done when there is a concern that breast cancer may be present.
- An ultrasound is often used to further evaluate a breast lump that was found during a physical exam or on a mammogram.
- An MRI is used to detect breast cancer in women with a high risk of the disease.
- A biopsy is the only way to definitively determine if a breast lump is cancerous.

**Questions and Answers:**
- How is breast cancer diagnosed?
- What is a biopsy?
- Why is a mammogram done?

**Definitions of Purpose:**
- Diagnostic mammography: a test used to detect changes in breast tissue that may be signs of breast cancer
- Ultrasound: a test that uses sound waves to create images of the inside of the body
- MRI: a test that uses magnets and radio waves to create images of the body
- Biopsy: a procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed from the breast to be examined under a microscope

## Section 3: Treatment Options for Breast Cancer
Once breast cancer is diagnosed, there are several treatment options available. These may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy. In this section, we will explore these treatment options and discuss their benefits and risks.

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- Surgery: a procedure to remove the breast cancer and some surrounding healthy tissue
- Radiation therapy: a treatment that uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing
- Chemotherapy: a treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells
- Hormone therapy: a treatment that blocks the effects of hormones on breast cancer cells
- Targeted therapy: a treatment that targets specific cancer cells without harming healthy cells

**Practical Examples:**
- A lumpectomy is a type of surgery that removes the breast cancer while leaving as much normal breast tissue as possible.
- Radiation therapy is often used after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy may be used before surgery to shrink a tumor or after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells.
- Hormone therapy is used to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancers.
- Targeted therapy is used to treat specific types of breast cancer that have certain genetic changes.

**Questions and Answers:**
- What are the treatment options for breast cancer?
- How does chemotherapy work?
- What is hormone therapy?

**Definitions of Purpose:**
- Surgery: a procedure to remove the breast cancer and some surrounding healthy tissue
- Radiation therapy: a treatment that uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing
- Chemotherapy: a treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells
- Hormone therapy: a treatment that blocks the effects of hormones on breast cancer cells
- Targeted therapy: a treatment that targets specific cancer cells without harming healthy cells

**Conclusion:**
In conclusion, understanding breast cancer, its diagnosis, and treatment options is crucial for those affected by the disease. By learning about the different types of breast cancer, diagnostic tools, and treatment options, individuals can make informed decisions about their health and well-being.


text:
Q:

Nginx worker process exited

I'm getting the following error message from /var/log/nginx/error.log:
2014/07/17 08:36:21 [alert] 8206#0: worker process 8207 exited on signal 11 (core dumped)
2014/07/17 08:36:21 [alert] 8206#0: worker process 8210 exited on signal 11 (core dumped)
2014/07/17 08:36:22 [alert] 8206#0: worker process 8208 exited on signal 11 (core dumped)
2014/07/17 08:36:26 [alert] 8206#0: worker process 8209 exited on signal 11 (core dumped)
2014/07/17 08:36:26 [alert] 8206#0: worker process 8232 exited on signal 11 (core dumped)
2014/07/17 08:36:26 [alert] 8206#0: worker process 8236 exited on signal 11 (core dumped)

/var/log/nginx/access.log shows the redirect to https which happens if you visit the http address:
[17/Jul/2014:09:22:54 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 301 185 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_5) AppleWebKit/537.76.4 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.1.4 Safari/537.76.4"

Any ideas what could be causing this? It is on Ubuntu 12.04 and a standard apt-get install nginx.
This is the config:
server {
    listen      80;
    server_name domain.com;
    rewrite     ^ https://$server_name$request_uri? permanent;
}

server {
    listen                  443 ssl;
    server_name             domain.com;
    ssl_certificate         /ssl/path.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key     /ssl/path.key;
    error_page              404             /404.html;
    error_page              500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location                = 50x.html {
        root    /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }
    location                / {
        root    /project/path/root;
    }
    access_log              /project/path/logs/nginx-access.log;
    error_log               /project/path/logs/nginx-error.log;
    client_max_body_size    20m;
}

I only get this error when I view the site using Safari, it happens on multiple machines not just mine and it's the same error displayed on each Safari.

A:

This could be related to the ssl session cache issue that is described in this ticket for nginx, http://trac.nginx.org/nginx/ticket/235.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Core Dumps and Signal 11 Errors in Linux

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about core dumps and signal 11 errors in Linux. We will cover the following topics:

- What are core dumps?
- What causes signal 11 errors?
- How to troubleshoot core dumps and signal 11 errors

What are core dumps?
A core dump is a file created when a program crashes or exits abnormally. The core dump contains information about the state of the program's memory at the time of the crash. This information can be used to debug and analyze the cause of the crash.

What causes signal 11 errors?
Signal 11 errors occur when a process receives a SIGSEGV (Segmentation Violation) signal. This signal is sent when a process attempts to access memory that is not allocated to it or when it tries to write to read-only memory.

How to troubleshoot core dumps and signal 11 errors
To troubleshoot core dumps and signal 11 errors, follow these steps:

1. Check the system logs: Look for any error messages in the system logs that may provide clues about the cause of the error.

2. Analyze the core dump: If a core dump exists, use a debugger to analyze the contents of the core dump. This can help identify the cause of the error.

3. Review the code: Review the code that was being executed when the error occurred. Look for any bugs or errors that may have caused the signal 11 error.

4. Test with different inputs: Try running the program with different inputs to see if the error occurs consistently. This can help identify any specific conditions that cause the error.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about core dumps and signal 11 errors in Linux. We covered the causes of these errors and provided steps for troubleshooting them. By understanding these errors, we can better diagnose and fix issues in our Linux systems.


text: Angus offers the visitor some. beautiful soft countryside with gently rolling hills and glens. Generally. the ground is fairly flat graduating to the more spactacular landscape. of the north. Along its many miles of coastline, Angus provides a varied. selection of scenery ranging from man-made sea fronts to wide sandy. beaches and rocky cliffs with something fresh to discover around every. headland.. Country walks, hill walks, mountain. trecks, riding and water sports are all popular in Angus together with. a variety of other country pursuits including including shooting, hawking. and fishing.. CKD Galbraith. Lynedoch House,. Barossa Place,. Perth. PH1 5EP,. Scotland. Tel: +44 (0)1738 451600 Fax: +44 (0)1738 451900

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Geography

Lesson Overview: In this lesson, we will learn about the basic concepts of geography, including location, place, human-environment interaction, and movement. We will use Angus, a region in Scotland, as an example to understand these concepts better.

Level: Primary through High School

Section 1: Location and Place

Location refers to the physical position or site of something, while place refers to a point or area on the Earth's surface. Angus is located in eastern Scotland, and its capital city is Forfar. It is bordered by the North Sea to the east and the county of Perth and Kinross to the south.

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- Location refers to the physical position or site of something.
- Place refers to a point or area on the Earth's surface.

**Practical Examples:**
- Use a map to locate Angus on the Earth's surface.
- Identify the capital city of Angus and its surrounding areas.

**Glossary:**
- Location: The physical position or site of something.
- Place: A point or area on the Earth's surface.

Section 2: Human-Environment Interaction

Human-environment interaction refers to the way people interact with their environment, both physically and culturally. In Angus, the economy is primarily based on agriculture, with livestock farming being the most common activity. The region also has a rich history and culture, which can be seen in its castles and museums.

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- Human-environment interaction refers to the way people interact with their environment, both physically and culturally.

**Practical Examples:**
- Research the main industries in Angus and how they impact the environment.
- Visit a local museum or castle in Angus to experience its culture and history.

**Glossary:**
- Human-environment interaction: The way people interact with their environment, both physically and culturally.

Section 3: Movement

Movement refers to the change in location or position of something. In Angus, there are several modes of transportation available, including buses, trains, and cars. The region is also home to several airports, making it easy for visitors to travel to and from Angus.

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- Movement refers to the change in location or position of something.

**Practical Examples:**
- Use a map to identify the different modes of transportation available in Angus.
- Research the different airports in Angus and their locations.

**Glossary:**
- Movement: The change in location or position of something.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the basic concepts of geography, including location, place, human-environment interaction, and movement. By using Angus as an example, we were able to apply these concepts to a real-world scenario. We also practiced these concepts through practical examples and glossary definitions. By understanding these concepts, we can apply them to other regions and situations, allowing us to better understand our world.


text: Professional Experience. Find Your Perfect Space. Search Properties. Associated Office. 2005 Sheppard Avenue East,. Suite 800,. Toronto, Ontario, M2J 5B4. Ivana joined CBRE Limited's Toronto North Office in 2008. During 2008 and 2009 she learned the inner workings of the Industrial and Office Real Estate in the Greater Toronto Area North and East Markets. In 2010, Ivana received her Real Estate License through the Toronto Real Estate Board (TREB). Since joining CBRE, she has worked alongside Stephen Brown, Vice President (Office) and Mario Gallo, Vice President (Industrial), both Top 10 producers in Toronto North Office.. Ivana's role at CBRE includes the implementation and management of all marketing initiatives for the team, sales support, deal co-ordination and liaison between Owners/Landlords and Prospects. Her ability to learn quickly and manage multiple projects efficiently has insured that the needs of clients are being exceeded in a timely and efficient manner.

textbook:
Lesson: Professional Experience

Introduction:
In today's competitive job market, having professional experience is crucial in standing out from the crowd. Employers want to see that you have already demonstrated the skills and knowledge needed to excel in their industry. In this lesson, we will explore what professional experience is, why it is important, and how to gain it.

What is Professional Experience?

Professional experience refers to the practical knowledge and skills gained through work or other professional activities. It can be obtained through internships, volunteer work, part-time jobs, or full-time employment.

Why is Professional Experience Important?

Having professional experience shows employers that you have already developed some of the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in their industry. It demonstrates your commitment to your field and your ability to apply classroom theory to real-world situations. Additionally, professional experience can help you stand out from other job candidates and can lead to higher salaries and better job opportunities.

How to Gain Professional Experience

There are several ways to gain professional experience, including:

1. Internships: Many companies offer internships that provide valuable work experience and networking opportunities. Internships can be paid or unpaid, and they can last from a few weeks to several months.

2. Volunteer Work: Volunteering is an excellent way to gain experience in a specific field while also giving back to your community. Look for volunteer opportunities that align with your career goals and interests.

3. Part-Time Jobs: Part-time jobs can provide valuable work experience and help you develop transferable skills such as communication, teamwork, and problem-solving.

4. Full-Time Employment: Full-time employment is the most common way to gain professional experience. Look for entry-level positions in your field and be prepared to work hard and take on additional responsibilities as needed.

Conclusion:

Gaining professional experience is essential in today's job market. By participating in internships, volunteer work, part-time jobs, or full-time employment, you can demonstrate your commitment to your field and your ability to apply classroom theory to real-world situations. Remember to always be open to learning new skills and taking on additional responsibilities. With dedication and hard work, you can gain the professional experience needed to excel in your chosen career.

Glossary:
- Professional Experience: Practical knowledge and skills gained through work or other professional activities.
- Internship: A period of work experience or training that usually takes place in the summer between academic years.
- Volunteer Work: Unpaid work done willingly to help others or to support a cause.
- Part-Time Job: A job that requires fewer hours than a full-time job.
- Full-Time Employment: A job that requires 40 hours or more per week.


text:
Sen. Bernie Sanders Bernie SandersButtigieg stands in as Pence for Harris's debate practice Bernie Sanders warns of 'nightmare scenario' if Trump refuses election results Harris joins women's voter mobilization event also featuring Pelosi, Gloria Steinem, Jane Fonda MORE (I-Vt.) and former Vice President Joe Biden Joe BidenOmar fires back at Trump over rally remarks: 'This is my country' Trump mocks Biden appearance, mask use ahead of first debate Trump attacks Omar for criticizing US: 'How did you do where you came from?' MORE are the top choices among Democratic voters, with former Rep. Beto O'Rourke Beto O'RourkeJimmy Carter says his son smoked pot with Willie Nelson on White House roof O'Rourke endorses Kennedy for Senate: 'A champion for the values we're most proud of' 2020 Democrats do convention Zoom call MORE (D-Texas) getting a bump after announcing his White House bid, according to a new Emerson poll.

Sanders and Biden each garnered 26 percent in the survey conducted March 17-18, a 9-point bump for Sanders since the February poll and after his official campaign announcement.

ADVERTISEMENT

Sen. Kamala Harris Kamala HarrisButtigieg stands in as Pence for Harris's debate practice First presidential debate to cover coronavirus, Supreme Court Harris joins women's voter mobilization event also featuring Pelosi, Gloria Steinem, Jane Fonda MORE (D-Calif.) followed with 12 percent, and O'Rourke had 11 percent, with Sen. Elizabeth Warren Elizabeth WarrenHarris joins women's voter mobilization event also featuring Pelosi, Gloria Steinem, Jane Fonda Judd Gregg: The Kamala threat — the Californiaization of America GOP set to release controversial Biden report MORE (D-Mass.) rounding out the top five at 8 percent. O’Rourke’s support is also up from February, increasing 7 points.

Sanders leads among both 18- to 29-year-olds, with 42 percent, and among 30- to 49-year-olds, with 30 percent support. Biden, meanwhile, leads among respondents 50 to 64 years old, with 39 percent and among those 65 or older, with 33 percent.

Biden is the favorite among respondents who supported 2016 Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton Hillary Diane Rodham ClintonButtigieg stands in as Pence for Harris's debate practice Senate GOP sees early Supreme Court vote as political booster shot Poll: 51 percent of voters want to abolish the electoral college MORE, with 36 percent, while Harris and Sanders are tied for second at 13 percent, followed by O’Rourke at 12 percent and Warren at 8 percent.

Forty-one percent of Sanders’s 2016 primary supporters in the poll back him, while 18 percent support Biden, 11 percent prefer Harris, 10 percent support Warren and 9 percent back O’Rourke.

The poll was based on interviews with 487 respondents and has a margin of error of 4.4 percentage points.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Polling Data and Its Importance in Politics

Introduction:
Polling data is a crucial aspect of understanding public opinion and predicting election outcomes. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of polling data in politics and how it can help us understand trends and preferences among voters.

Section 1: Understanding Polling Data

Topic 1: What is Polling Data?
- Polling data refers to the collection of information from a sample of people to represent the opinions or preferences of a larger population.
- Pollsters conduct surveys by asking people questions about their political views, preferences, and intentions.

Topic 2: Why is Polling Data Important in Politics?
- Polling data helps political parties and candidates understand the mood and preferences of the electorate.
- It provides valuable insights into voter behavior, preferences, and trends that can help them tailor their campaign messages and strategies.
- Polling data also helps media outlets and analysts predict election outcomes and analyze the performance of political parties and candidates.

Section 2: Analyzing Polling Data

Topic 1: How to Read and Interpret Polling Data
- Polling data is presented in various forms, such as percentages, margins of error, and confidence intervals.
- To interpret polling data, you need to understand the methodology used by pollsters, the sample size, and the margin of error.
- You should also look at the trend lines and compare the results with previous polls to identify changes in voter preferences.

Topic 2: Analyzing Polling Data to Predict Election Outcomes
- Polling data can be used to predict election outcomes by analyzing trends and preferences over time.
- However, polling data is not always accurate, and there are many factors that can influence voter behavior, such as the economy, scandals, and candidate performances.
- Therefore, polling data should be used as a guide, not as the final word on election outcomes.

Section 3: Real-World Examples of Polling Data

Topic 1: The 2016 US Presidential Election
- Polling data played a significant role in the 2016 US presidential election, with most polls predicting a Hillary Clinton victory.
- However, the actual results showed that Donald Trump won the election, leading to questions about the accuracy of polling data and its reliability.

Topic 2: The 2019 UK General Election
- Polling data played a significant role in the 2019 UK general election, with most polls predicting a hung parliament.
- However, the actual results showed that the Conservative Party won a decisive majority, leading to questions about the accuracy of polling data and its reliability.

Conclusion:
Polling data is an essential tool in understanding public opinion and predicting election outcomes. While it has its limitations, it provides valuable insights into voter behavior and preferences. By analyzing polling data, we can better understand trends and preferences among voters, which can help political parties and candidates tailor their campaign messages and strategies.


text: CONSERVATIVES have selected their candidate to stand for South Suffolk in the next general election.. James Cartlidge, from Assington, was chosen from a shortlist of three last night.. The constituency party voted against reselecting sitting MP Tim Yeo earlier this year.. His constituency includes East Bergholt and Brantham.. Speaking after last night's result, Mr Cartlidge said: "I am extremely honoured to have been selected as parliamentary candidate for South Suffolk.. "I will work hard campaigning across the constituency area and will take account of everyone views."

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand News Articles

Introduction:
In today's fast-paced world, reading news articles is an essential skill to stay informed about current events. However, not all news articles are written equally, and it can be challenging to understand them fully. In this lesson, we will teach you how to read and understand news articles effectively.

Section 1: Reading Techniques

1.1. Read the headline and lead paragraph carefully:
The headline and lead paragraph give you an idea of what the article is about. It is essential to read them carefully to understand the context of the article.

1.2. Identify the main idea:
Once you have read the headline and lead paragraph, try to identify the main idea of the article. This will help you focus on the central message while reading.

1.3. Look for supporting details:
As you read through the article, look for supporting details that help reinforce the main idea. These details can come in the form of facts, quotes, or statistics.

1.4. Pay attention to the structure:
News articles typically follow a specific structure, with an introduction, body, and conclusion. Pay attention to how the information is organized, as this can help you understand the article better.

Section 2: Comprehension Strategies

2.1. Ask questions:
While reading, ask yourself questions to ensure that you understand the article fully. For example, who is the article talking about? What happened? Why did it happen?

2.2. Look for context clues:
Context clues are words or phrases that help you understand the meaning of other words or phrases. Look for these clues to help you understand the article better.

2.3. Use background knowledge:
Use your existing knowledge to help you understand the article. If you know something about the topic, it will be easier to understand the information presented.

Section 3: Applying Critical Thinking Skills

3.1. Evaluate the source:
Before accepting the information presented in the article, evaluate the source. Is the source reliable? Does it have a history of providing accurate information?

3.2. Consider alternative viewpoints:
Try to consider alternative viewpoints or interpretations of the information presented in the article. This will help you develop a more comprehensive understanding of the topic.

3.3. Analyze the evidence:
Evaluate the evidence presented in the article to determine its validity. Are the sources cited reliable? Are the facts accurate?

Glossary:
- Headline: The title of the article, usually located at the top of the page.
- Lead paragraph: The first paragraph of the article, which provides an introduction to the story.
- Main idea: The central message or theme of the article.
- Supporting details: Additional information that helps reinforce the main idea.
- Context clues: Words or phrases that provide additional meaning to other words or phrases.
- Background knowledge: Existing knowledge on a topic that helps in understanding new information.
- Reliable source: A source that is known for providing accurate and trustworthy information.
- Alternative viewpoints: Different perspectives or interpretations of the same information.
- Evidence: Facts or data used to support a claim or argument.

Conclusion:
By following the techniques and strategies outlined in this lesson, you can improve your ability to read and understand news articles. By applying critical thinking skills, you can also evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the information presented. With practice, you will be able to read and understand news articles effectively, allowing you to stay informed about current events.


text: Kenya Airways has introduced an additional flight to Bujumbura in Burundi. The new flight to be operated by Jambojet on a Bombardier Q400 will be a direct flight and is set to reduce waiting times and offer better connections to Kenya Airways growing European and new America service.. The new flight will operate in the afternoon and will be in addition to the current daily morning flight that operates on the route on the Embraer 190. It appears that route has been a success so far hence the decision to introduce an extra flight. The additional direct flight to Bujumbura will increase travel and trade amongst East African Community (EAC) countries as the common market protocol is already in place. The protocol has paved way for free movement of labour, goods and services within the region.. Kenya Airways Group Managing Director & CEO Sebastian Mikosz had this to say, “This increase to our local and regional Network is part of our strategic intent to expand our footprint across Africa.”

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Economics

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Economics is the study of how societies allocate scarce resources to meet unlimited wants and needs. It examines the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. This lesson will introduce you to basic economic concepts and principles.

## Section 2: Questions and Answers

**Question:** What is economics?
**Answer:** Economics is the study of how societies use their resources to satisfy their needs and wants.

**Question:** Why do societies need to allocate resources?
**Answer:** Because resources are limited, societies must decide how to use them efficiently to satisfy the most urgent needs and wants.

**Question:** What are some examples of resources?
**Answer:** Some examples of resources are land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.

## Section 3: Definitions and Practical Examples

**Definition:** Scarcity refers to the limited availability of resources to satisfy unlimited wants and needs.

**Example:** Suppose there is only one pizza left in a restaurant, and several customers want to eat it. Who should get the last slice?

**Definition:** Opportunity cost refers to the value of the next best alternative that must be given up when a choice is made.

**Example:** If you choose to spend your money on a vacation, the opportunity cost is the value of what you could have bought with that money if you didn't go on vacation.

## Section 4: Real-World Scenarios

**Scenario:** A country has two factories that produce cars and trucks. The government wants to encourage the production of more cars to reduce pollution.

**Question:** What economic principle should the government consider?
**Answer:** The government should consider the principle of supply and demand. By encouraging the production of more cars, the supply of cars will increase, which may lower the price of cars and make them more affordable for consumers. This may lead to a higher demand for cars, which could reduce the production of trucks.

## Glossary

- Scarcity: The limited availability of resources to satisfy unlimited wants and needs.
- Opportunity cost: The value of the next best alternative that must be given up when a choice is made.
- Supply and demand: The relationship between the quantity of a good or service that producers are willing to sell and the quantity that consumers are willing to buy, at different prices.

## Conclusion

This lesson has introduced you to basic economic concepts and principles. By understanding these concepts, you can apply them to real-world scenarios to make informed decisions.


text:
New Book Looks at Key Moments in Historic 2008 Election

Judy Woodruff speaks with authors Dan Balz and Haynes Johnson about their new book, "The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election," which examines Obama's historic election.

Read the Full Transcript

GWEN IFILL:

Now the story behind the stories of last year's historic and consequential presidential campaign. Judy Woodruff recently sat down with Dan Balz and Haynes Johnson to discuss their new book, "The Battle for America 2008." They spoke at the Knight Studio at the Newseum in Washington, D.C.

JUDY WOODRUFF:

Dan Balz, Haynes Johnson, thank you both. The book is "The Battle for America 2008." And it says it right here on the cover, "The Story of an Extraordinary Election." You write there may not have been an election of this significance since 1980, maybe since 1932. Haynes, why?

HAYNES JOHNSON, co-author, "The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election": Well, I think the issues before the country were such that you couldn't even see where we were going. The country was in trouble. The economy was tanking. People were turned off on politics. America's standing was going down in the world. The Bush administration had sunk from the highest level accorded in the polls, 90 percent after the World Trade Center, down to where Nixon was when he resigns. And Americans are the most optimistic people in the world. They were not optimistic across the board. It didn't matter where you were, whether you were a Republican or a Democrat, moderate or a liberal, conservative. They all felt the country was in deep trouble. And they were worried about the future. So, that set the stage for a dramatically important election. The stakes were tremendous. And they're even greater today.

JUDY WOODRUFF:

And not to mention, Dan, an historic election in so many ways.

DAN BALZ, co-author, "The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election": So many ways, Judy. That's exactly right. The cast of characters in this election made it historic, the first African-American with a real chance to become president, the first woman with a chance to become president. And let's not forget about John McCain, a remarkable story, a POW, a war hero in a party that was in disarray and demoralized, trying to hold the party together that was in deep trouble.

JUDY WOODRUFF:

You look at the three central characters of this book, Dan, in Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, John McCain, full of contradiction. There's contradiction in each one of those stories. Hillary Clinton, presumptive — everybody presumed she was going to be the winner. And then there were these terrible mistakes made in her campaign. And, yet, she had the fortitude to keep fighting until the very end. Help us understand why.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Presidential Elections in Shaping America's Future

Introduction:
Presidential elections are a crucial part of America's democratic process. These elections give citizens the power to choose who will lead the country for the next four years. The 2008 election was particularly significant because it marked the first time in American history that a black man, Barack Obama, was nominated by a major political party to run for president. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of the 2008 election and how it shaped America's future.

Section 1: Understanding the Significance of the 2008 Election

Question: Why was the 2008 election important?
Answer: The 2008 election was significant because it marked a turning point in American history. It was the first time that a black man had been nominated by a major political party to run for president. Additionally, the country was facing economic turmoil, and many citizens were disillusioned with politics. The election provided an opportunity for change and a chance to elect a leader who could guide the nation through difficult times.

Section 2: Analyzing the Impact of the 2008 Election

Question: How did the 2008 election impact America's future?
Answer: The 2008 election had a profound impact on America's future. President Obama's election ushered in a new era of hope and optimism for many Americans. His presidency also marked a shift in American politics, as he brought a new perspective and approach to governing. Additionally, the election signaled a changing demographic landscape in America, as minorities became more engaged in the political process. This has led to increased representation and voice for these groups in American society.

Section 3: Applying Lessons Learned from the 2008 Election

Question: What can we learn from the 2008 election?
Answer: The 2008 election taught us that every vote counts and that every citizen has a role to play in shaping America's future. It also demonstrated the power of the democratic process and the importance of being informed and engaged in the political process. Finally, it showed us that change is possible and that we must continue to work towards a more just and equitable society.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the 2008 election was a pivotal moment in American history. It marked a turning point in American politics and society, and it demonstrated the power of the democratic process. By understanding the significance of this election and applying the lessons learned from it, we can continue to work towards a better future for all Americans.

Glossary:
- Presidential election: a process in which citizens elect the person they want to serve as the president of the United States
- Nomination: the act of selecting a candidate to run for office
- Demographic landscape: the makeup of a population in terms of age, race, ethnicity, and other characteristics
- Engaged: involved and interested in something or someone.


text: Chemicals produced by various glands in the body can sometimes be out of balance, affecting everything from normal growth to metabolism. Mercy Clinic Endocrinology - Farmington helps patients of all ages in the Farmington area with a variety of conditions caused by endocrine disorders including:. These types of disorders require thorough investigation. We take the extra time to get a proper diagnosis for you, which leads to better treatment. We’re focused on helping you achieve balance to live the life you want.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Endocrine System

## Introduction
The endocrine system is a complex network of glands that produce hormones. These hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream and regulate various bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction. In this lesson, we will learn about the endocrine system, its function, and the importance of maintaining hormonal balance.

## Section 1: Understanding the Endocrine System

**Topic 1: What is the Endocrine System?**

The endocrine system is a collection of glands that produce and secrete hormones. Hormones are chemical substances that travel through the bloodstream and regulate various bodily functions. The main glands in the endocrine system include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, and testes.

**Topic 2: How does the Endocrine System work?**

The endocrine system works by releasing hormones into the bloodstream. These hormones then travel to target cells or organs, where they bind to specific receptors. This binding triggers a response in the target cells or organs, which can include changes in metabolism, growth, or reproduction. The endocrine system is regulated by a feedback loop, where the response of the target cells or organs can affect the release of hormones from the glands.

**Topic 3: Why is hormonal balance important?**

Maintaining hormonal balance is crucial for overall health and well-being. Imbalances in hormone levels can lead to various health issues, including growth disorders, metabolic problems, and reproductive issues. In some cases, hormonal imbalances can also increase the risk of developing certain diseases, such as diabetes or heart disease.

## Section 2: Understanding Endocrine Disorders

**Topic 4: What are Endocrine Disorders?**

Endocrine disorders are conditions that result from imbalances in the production, secretion, or action of hormones. These disorders can affect various aspects of the body, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Some common endocrine disorders include diabetes, thyroid disorders, and growth disorders.

**Topic 5: How are Endocrine Disorders diagnosed?**

Diagnosing endocrine disorders typically involves a combination of blood tests, urine tests, and imaging studies. These tests help determine the levels of hormones in the body and identify any abnormalities in gland function. In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to confirm a diagnosis.

**Topic 6: How are Endocrine Disorders treated?**

Treatment for endocrine disorders depends on the specific condition and its severity. In many cases, treatment involves medication to help regulate hormone levels or manage symptoms. In some cases, lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, may also be recommended. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove or repair affected glands.

## Section 3: Applying Skills to New Problems

**Topic 7: How can I maintain hormonal balance?**

Maintaining hormonal balance involves a combination of lifestyle choices and regular check-ups with your healthcare provider. Eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and getting enough sleep can all help support healthy hormone levels. It's also important to monitor your blood sugar levels if you have diabetes and to follow your treatment plan if you have any other endocrine disorders.

**Topic 8: How can I recognize the signs of an endocrine disorder?**

Common signs of an endocrine disorder include changes in weight or appetite, fatigue, mood swings, and irregular periods in women. If you experience any of these symptoms, it's important to see your healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and treatment.

**Topic 9: How can I prevent endocrine disorders?**

While some endocrine disorders cannot be prevented, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk. Maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, and exercising regularly can all help support healthy hormone levels. It's also important to manage any existing health conditions, such as diabetes, and to get regular check-ups with your healthcare provider.

## Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding the endocrine system and its role in the body is essential for maintaining good health. By learning about the function of hormones and the importance of hormonal balance, we can take steps to prevent and treat endocrine disorders. Remember, maintaining a balanced lifestyle, regular check-ups, and following your treatment plan are all important in managing endocrine disorders and living a healthy life.


text: About The Toolkit. The Refugee Rights Toolkit is a product of Asylum Access, and has been made possible with support from United States Institute of Peace, Foundation for a Just Society, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and other funders. It is an online platform that is used to develop the leadership capacity of refugee rights leaders toward the end of replicating the Asylum Access model in different local contexts — especially in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The Toolkit is one piece of Asylum Access’s broader Refugee Rights Movement Building Initiative.. The Refugee Rights Toolkit is comprised of best practices culled from literature, lessons learnt by Asylum Access’s staff and partners, and helpful materials, templates, and resources to support a refugee rights leader.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Develop Leadership Capacity for Refugee Rights Advocacy

## Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about the Refugee Rights Toolkit and how it can help us develop leadership capacity for refugee rights advocacy. We will cover the following topics:

- What is the Refugee Rights Toolkit?
- Who created the Toolkit?
- What is the purpose of the Toolkit?
- Why is it important to develop leadership capacity for refugee rights advocacy?

## Section 2: Understanding the Refugee Rights Toolkit
The Refugee Rights Toolkit is an online platform developed by Asylum Access, a non-profit organization that promotes refugee rights. The Toolkit provides best practices, materials, and resources to support refugee rights leaders in their advocacy efforts. It includes information on:

- Community organizing
- Legal services
- Policy advocacy
- Communications and outreach
- Fundraising and sustainability

The Toolkit is designed to be adaptable to different local contexts, especially in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. It is intended to help refugee rights leaders replicate the Asylum Access model in their own communities.

## Section 3: Developing Leadership Capacity for Refugee Rights Advocacy
Developing leadership capacity for refugee rights advocacy is crucial because it empowers individuals and communities to take action towards improving the lives of refugees. By providing training and resources, the Refugee Rights Toolkit equips leaders with the knowledge and skills needed to effectively advocate for refugee rights. This includes:

- Building coalitions and partnerships
- Developing strategic plans and campaigns
- Engaging with policymakers and media
- Raising awareness and mobilizing support
- Measuring impact and progress

By investing in leadership development, we can create a network of dedicated and skilled advocates who are committed to advancing refugee rights.

## Section 4: Conclusion
In conclusion, the Refugee Rights Toolkit is a valuable resource for refugee rights leaders looking to improve their advocacy efforts. By providing best practices, materials, and resources, the Toolkit empowers leaders to effectively advocate for refugee rights in their communities. Developing leadership capacity for refugee rights advocacy is essential for creating lasting change and improving the lives of refugees. By investing in leadership development, we can create a network of dedicated and skilled advocates who are committed to advancing refugee rights.


text: A modern update to the classic fisherman sandal, the Kami is evocative of summer, coastal landscapes. The t-bar style ankle fastening provides a secure hold for life in motion. Layered in winter with socks or worn alone as the temperature rises, the Kami Sandal feels simultaneously vintage and contemporary.. - 100% Vegetable Dyed Leather Upper. - Handmade with vegetable-dyed leather upper and inner sole. - Leather and rubber outer sole

textbook:
Lesson: How to Make a Pair of Sandals

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to make a pair of sandals from scratch. We will start by learning about the materials needed and the steps involved in making a pair of sandals. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to create your own pair of sandals using the techniques and knowledge gained from this lesson.

Materials Needed:
- 100% Vegetable Dyed Leather Upper
- Leather and rubber outer sole
- Thread
- Scissors
- Measuring tape
- Awl
- Hammer
- Needle
- Thimble
- Pencil
- Paper
- Gloves (optional)

Steps Involved in Making a Pair of Sandals:

Step 1: Gather all the materials needed for making a pair of sandals.
Step 2: Take the leather upper and cut two pieces of leather according to the size of your feet.
Step 3: Using the awl, punch holes on both pieces of leather where the straps will be attached.
Step 4: Cut two strips of leather for the straps and punch holes at both ends of each strap.
Step 5: Thread the needle and tie a knot at the end of the thread.
Step 6: Pass the needle through the hole on one piece of leather, then through the hole on the other piece of leather, and then back through the first piece of leather.
Step 7: Tie another knot to secure the strap in place.
Step 8: Repeat step 6 and 7 for the other strap.
Step 9: Cut a piece of rubber outer sole and attach it to the bottom of the sandals using the hammer and nails.
Step 10: Use the scissors to trim any excess leather that may be hanging loose.
Step 11: Put on the sandals and test them for comfort and fit.
Step 12: If necessary, adjust the straps to get the perfect fit.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to make a pair of sandals from scratch using vegetable-dyed leather upper and rubber outer sole. We followed the steps involved in cutting, punching holes, threading, and attaching the straps to the leather upper. Finally, we attached the rubber outer sole to the bottom of the sandals and tested them for comfort and fit. With this knowledge, you can now create your own pair of sandals using the techniques and materials learned in this lesson.

Glossary:
- Vegetable Dyed Leather Upper: A type of leather that is dyed using natural vegetable dyes.
- Rubber Outer Sole: A type of material used for the sole of shoes that provides cushioning and durability.
- Awl: A tool used for punching holes in leather.
- Hammer: A tool used for driving nails into wood or other materials.
- Needle: A thin piece of metal used for sewing or threading through leather.
- Thimble: A small, protective cover for the finger while sewing.
- Pencil: A writing instrument used for drawing and sketching.
- Paper: A material used for writing or drawing.
- Gloves (optional): Protective covering for the hands while working with leather.


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textbook:
Lesson: How to Use Quilt Templates

Introduction:
Quilting is an art form that involves sewing together pieces of fabric to create a warm and decorative cover for beds or other furniture. However, some quilt designs can be challenging to create without proper guidance. In this lesson, we will learn how to use quilt templates to simplify the process of creating complex quilt designs.

Section 1: Understanding Quilt Templates

Topic 1: What are quilt templates?
Quilt templates are tools that help quilters create precise and accurate cuts on their fabric pieces. They come in various shapes and sizes, depending on the quilt design.

Topic 2: Types of quilt templates
There are several types of quilt templates, including:

- Straight templates: These are used for straight lines and edges.
- Curved templates: These are used for curved lines and edges.
- Circle templates: These are used for cutting perfect circles.
- Hexagon templates: These are used for creating evenly spaced hexagons.

Section 2: Using Quilt Templates

Topic 3: Choosing the right template
To choose the right template for your quilt design, follow these steps:

1. Identify the shape(s) that appear in your quilt design.
2. Determine which type of template will best create that shape.
3. Choose a template that is the appropriate size for your project.

Topic 4: Preparing your fabric
Before using your quilt template, you must prepare your fabric. Here are some tips:

1. Iron your fabric to remove any wrinkles or creases.
2. Measure and mark the correct placement of your fabric on the template.
3. Cut your fabric to the desired size, leaving a small seam allowance (usually 1/4 inch).

Topic 5: Using the template
Once you have prepared your fabric, you can begin using your template. Follow these steps:

1. Place the template on your fabric, making sure it is aligned correctly.
2. Position your fabric under your sewing machine needle.
3. Sew along the edge of the template, being careful not to stretch or distort the fabric.
4. Remove the template and trim any excess fabric.
5. Repeat steps 1-4 for each fabric piece.

Section 3: Practical Examples

Example 1: Creating a lone star quilt
To create a lone star quilt, you will need a lone star template. Follow these steps:

1. Prepare your fabric as described in Topic 4.
2. Place the lone star template on your fabric and align it correctly.
3. Sew along the edges of the template, being careful not to stretch or distort the fabric.
4. Repeat steps 1-3 for each fabric piece.
5. Sew the fabric pieces together to form the quilt top.

Example 2: Creating a hexagon quilt
To create a hexagon quilt, you will need a hexagon template. Follow these steps:

1. Prepare your fabric as described in Topic 4.
2. Place the hexagon template on your fabric and align it correctly.
3. Sew along the edges of the template, being careful not to stretch or distort the fabric.
4. Repeat steps 1-3 for each fabric piece.
5. Sew the fabric pieces together to form the quilt top.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about quilt templates, their types, and how to use them to create complex quilt designs. We also explored practical examples of using quilt templates to create lone star and hexagon quilts. By following these steps, you will be able to create beautiful and intricate quilts with ease.


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textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Design and Manufacturing Processes

**Section 1: Understanding Design and Manufacturing Processes**

In this section, we will learn about the basics of design and manufacturing processes. We will start by understanding what design and manufacturing entail, and then move on to learn about the different stages involved in each process.

**Topic 1: What is Design?**

Design refers to the process of creating plans, drawings, or models that show how an object or system should be built or modified. It involves coming up with a plan or idea and then implementing it in a way that meets the needs and expectations of the customer.

**Topic 2: What is Manufacturing?**

Manufacturing refers to the process of creating physical products from raw materials or components. It involves the use of machines, tools, and labor to transform raw materials into finished goods.

**Topic 3: Stages of Design Process**

The design process typically involves several stages, including:

1. Research: This stage involves gathering information about the customer's needs and expectations, as well as researching existing products and technologies.
2. Brainstorming: This stage involves generating ideas and concepts based on the research findings.
3. Concept Development: This stage involves selecting the best ideas and refining them into a coherent concept.
4. Prototyping: This stage involves creating a physical or digital prototype of the product to test its functionality and performance.
5. Testing and Evaluation: This stage involves testing the prototype and making necessary changes to improve its performance and functionality.
6. Finalization: This stage involves finalizing the design and preparing it for manufacturing.

**Topic 4: Stages of Manufacturing Process**

The manufacturing process typically involves several stages, including:

1. Material Selection: This stage involves selecting the appropriate materials for the product based on factors such as cost, availability, and performance.
2. Manufacturing Planning: This stage involves developing a plan for producing the product, including determining the necessary equipment, tools, and labor requirements.
3. Production: This stage involves actually producing the product, which may involve several steps such as cutting, shaping, assembly, and finishing.
4. Quality Control: This stage involves checking the quality of the product at various stages of production to ensure it meets the required standards.
5. Packaging and Shipping: This stage involves packaging the product and shipping it to the customer.

**Section 2: Applying Design and Manufacturing Processes**

In this section, we will apply the design and manufacturing processes to create a simple product. We will start by identifying the customer's needs and expectations, and then move on to generating ideas, selecting materials, and finally producing the product.

**Topic 5: Identifying Customer Needs and Expectations**

Let's say our customer needs a simple wooden chair for their home. The chair should be comfortable, durable, and affordable.

**Topic 6: Generating Ideas**

Based on the customer's needs, we can generate several ideas for the chair design, such as using a simple wooden frame with a padded seat and backrest.

**Topic 7: Selecting Materials**

We can select a durable wood such as oak or maple for the frame and seat, and use a comfortable fabric for the seat and backrest.

**Topic 8: Producing the Product**

Using the design and manufacturing processes we learned about earlier, we can create a simple wooden chair that meets the customer's needs and expectations. This would involve selecting the appropriate materials, cutting and shaping the wood, assembling the frame and seat, and finally sanding and finishing the product.

**Section 3: Critical Thinking and Reflection**

In this section, we will reflect on the design and manufacturing processes we have learned about and consider how they can be applied to other products and scenarios.

**Topic 9: Critical Thinking**

Reflecting on the design and manufacturing processes, we can see how important it is to understand the customer's needs and expectations before starting the design process. We also need to consider the materials and technologies available to us and how they can be used to create a product that meets those needs and expectations.

**Topic 10: Reflection**

As we apply the design and manufacturing processes to other products and scenarios, we can see how they can be adapted to meet different needs and expectations. For example, if we were designing a chair for an outdoor setting, we would need to consider factors such as weather resistance and portability.

**Glossary**

- **Design:** The process of creating plans, drawings, or models that show how an object or system should be built or modified.
- **Manufacturing:** The process of creating physical products from raw materials or components.
- **Material Selection:** The stage of manufacturing where materials are selected based on factors such as cost, availability, and performance.
- **Manufacturing Planning:** The stage of manufacturing where a plan is developed for producing the product, including determining the necessary equipment, tools, and labor requirements.
- **Production:** The stage of manufacturing where the product is actually produced, which may involve several steps such as cutting, shaping, assembly, and finishing.
- **Quality Control:** The stage of manufacturing where the quality of the product is checked at various stages of production to ensure it meets the required standards.
- **Packaging and Shipping:** The stage of manufacturing where the product is packaged and shipped to the customer.

**Conclusion**

In this lesson, we have learned about the design and manufacturing processes and how they can be applied to create a simple wooden chair. We have also reflected on how these processes can be adapted to meet different needs and expectations. By understanding these processes and applying them to new scenarios, we can develop innovative solutions that meet the changing needs of our customers.


text: Nute Nicholson is known for his clean graphic style of fashion and commercial photography. The Virginia-bred photographer found his true 'visual voice' during ten years of living and working throughout Europe, where he also perfected his unique style of shooting exclusively with a large format 8x10 camera.. Nicholson continues to work from his Brooklyn-based studio for clients including Urban Outfitters/Free People, Adidas, Sony, EMI/Virgin Records, and numerous editorial clients.. Nicholson's first book, "Pashion", is due out in December 2008, a retrospect compiled from journals, fashion works, and personal musings from Milan, Paris, London and New York. Nicholson has also begun work publishing a high end, quarterly art-based fashion publication "FELT", due to release in spring 2008.. Tag your comment using @productionparadise to share with us!

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Photography

**Objective:** To introduce students to the basics of photography, including the history of photography, different types of cameras, and the elements of composition.

**Introduction:** Nute Nicholson is a famous fashion and commercial photographer known for his clean graphic style. He has worked with many well-known brands and has published a book called "Pashion." In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of photography, including the history of photography, different types of cameras, and the elements of composition.

**History of Photography:** Photography was invented in the early 19th century by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce. It has evolved over time, with significant advancements in technology and techniques. Today, photography is a popular hobby and profession, with many people taking pictures for fun or for work.

**Types of Cameras:** There are several types of cameras used in photography, including DSLRs, mirrorless cameras, and point-and-shoot cameras. Each type has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of camera depends on the individual's needs and preferences.

**Elements of Composition:** Composition is an essential part of photography, as it helps to create visually appealing images. The rule of thirds is a common composition technique, which involves dividing the frame into nine equal parts and placing the subject off-center. Other elements of composition include leading lines, color theory, and depth of field.

**Conclusion:** This lesson has introduced students to the basics of photography, including the history of photography, different types of cameras, and the elements of composition. By understanding these concepts, students can improve their photography skills and create more compelling images.


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textbook:
## Lesson: Introduction to Web Development
### Section 1: What is Web Development?
Web development is the process of building and maintaining websites using various programming languages and tools. It involves creating the layout, design, and functionality of a website, as well as ensuring that it is user-friendly and accessible to all users.
### Section 2: Why Learn Web Development?
Learning web development can open up a world of opportunities for you. It is a highly in-demand skill that can lead to a rewarding career in the tech industry. Web developers are responsible for creating and maintaining websites, which means that they are always in high demand. Additionally, web development can help you build your own personal brand online, allowing you to showcase your work and connect with others in your field.
### Section 3: Getting Started with Web Development
To get started with web development, you will need to learn some basic programming languages such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. You can learn these languages through online tutorials, books, or classes. Once you have a basic understanding of these languages, you can start building your own websites using tools such as Dreamweaver or WordPress.
### Glossary:
- HTML: HyperText Markup Language - the standard markup language used to create web pages
- CSS: Cascading Style Sheets - a style sheet language used for describing the look and feel of a web page
- JavaScript: a high-level, dynamic programming language used to create interactive elements on web pages
### Conclusion:
Web development is a valuable skill that can open up many doors for you. By learning the basics of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, you can start building your own websites and showcase your work to the world. With the right tools and resources, anyone can learn web development and take advantage of the many opportunities it provides.