text:
Impaired uptake of serotonin by platelets from patients with irritable bowel syndrome correlates with duodenal immune activation.
Patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) have increased mucosal serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) availability, possibly because immune activation reduces activity of the 5-HT transporter (SERT). We investigated the relationship between mucosal and platelet SERT and immune activation of the duodenal mucosa in patients with IBS-D. We quantified mucosal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), mast cells, and enterochromaffin cells in blood samples, measured levels of SERT messenger RNA (mRNA) in mucosal samples, and assessed platelet uptake of 5-HT and platelet membrane binding of (3)H-paroxetine in samples from 29 healthy volunteers (HVs), 20 patients with IBS-D, and 20 untreated patients with celiac disease. Patients with IBS-D or celiac disease had increased numbers of IELs and mast cells compared with HVs (both P < .001). Levels of SERT mRNA were reduced in the mucosa of patients with IBS-D or celiac disease and were inversely correlated with numbers of IELs (r = -0.72, P < .0001). Uptake of 5-HT by platelets from patients with IBS-D or celiac disease was reduced (mean, 17.1 ± 3.5 and 28.3 ± 4.1 nmol·min(-1)·mg(-1), respectively) compared with HVs (50.8 ± 8.0 nmol·min(-1)·mg(-1), P < .01 and P = .05, respectively). Binding of paroxetine to membranes of platelets from patients with IBS-D (median [interquartile range], 226 [92-405] fmol/mg protein) was significantly greater than that from HVs (109 [69-175] fmol/mg protein) and correlated inversely with platelet uptake of 5-HT (r = -0.62, P = .03). Tryptase release from incubated biopsy samples was significantly increased in patients with IBS-D (2.2 [0.42-3.5] vs 0.50 [0.25-0.86] ng·mL(-1)·mg(-1) for HVs; P = .03). Platelet SERT is reduced in IBS-D and associated with reduced levels of SERT mRNA and duodenal immune activation.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding Serotonin and its Role in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Introduction:
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, secretion, and immune function. In this lesson, we will explore the role of serotonin in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and how it affects the immune system of the duodenal mucosa.

Section 1: Understanding Serotonin

Topic 1.1: What is Serotonin?
Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter that is involved in various physiological processes such as mood regulation, appetite, sleep, memory, and pain perception. It is produced in the brain, blood platelets, and the gastrointestinal tract.

Topic 1.2: Serotonin and the Gastrointestinal Tract
Serotonin is synthesized in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the gastrointestinal tract and is released into the bloodstream. It acts on various receptors in the ENS to regulate gastrointestinal motility, secretion, and immune function.

Section 2: Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Serotonin

Topic 2.1: IBS and Serotonin Availability
Patients with IBS-D have increased mucosal serotonin availability, which may be due to immune activation reducing the activity of the 5-HT transporter (SERT). This means that there is more serotonin available in the mucosa of patients with IBS-D compared to healthy individuals.

Topic 2.2: Platelet Uptake of Serotonin
Blood platelets from patients with IBS-D have impaired uptake of serotonin, which may contribute to the increased serotonin availability in the mucosa. This impaired uptake may be due to reduced expression of the SERT protein on the surface of the platelets.

Section 3: The Immune System and Serotonin

Topic 3.1: Immune Activation and Serotonin Transporter Expression
Immune activation in the duodenal mucosa of patients with IBS-D is associated with reduced expression of the SERT protein. This may lead to increased serotonin availability in the mucosa, which can affect the function of the immune system.

Topic 3.2: The Relationship Between Serotonin, Immune Activation, and IBS
The relationship between mucosal immune activation, serotonin transporter expression, and IBS-D suggests that immune activation may play a role in the development of IBS symptoms. This could be due to the increased serotonin availability in the mucosa, which may affect the function of the immune system and contribute to the symptoms of IBS.

Conclusion:
In summary, serotonin plays an important role in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, secretion, and immune function. Patients with IBS-D have increased mucosal serotonin availability, which may be due to immune activation reducing the activity of the 5-HT transporter. Impaired platelet uptake of serotonin may also contribute to the increased serotonin availability in the mucosa. The relationship between mucosal immune activation, serotonin transporter expression, and IBS-D suggests that immune activation may play a role in the development of IBS symptoms. Understanding the role of serotonin in IBS may help in the development of new treatments for this condition.

Glossary:
- Serotonin: A neurotransmitter that plays an important role in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, secretion, and immune function.
- 5-HT: Another name for serotonin.
- IBS-D: Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea.
- SERT: The 5-HT transporter protein responsible for the uptake of serotonin into blood platelets.
- IELs: Intracellular antigen-presenting cells found in the lamina propria of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Mast cells: Immune cells that play a role in inflammation and allergic reactions.
- Entrochromaffin cells: Specialized cells in the gastrointestinal tract that contain serotonin and other neuropeptides.

Self-Debate Discussion:
Why is it important to understand the role of serotonin in IBS?
- Understanding the role of serotonin in IBS may help researchers develop new treatments for this condition.
- Knowledge of the relationship between serotonin, immune activation, and IBS may lead to a better understanding of the underlying causes of IBS symptoms.
- Identifying potential targets for treatment, such as the 5-HT transporter, may lead to the development of new medications that can help manage IBS symptoms.


text:
Now for the good news, He wants to set in with the ya'll when you meet with
Mary.   I'd just have the meeting then tell him about it.  He also wants them
off the place in 14 days.   I told him no, to chill and that we will buy him
out.   That should hold him off a few days.   So don't move yet on getting my
money together?

Took Barb out to eat last night at Johnny Correno's.   No motorcycle riding
for
me.

Oh yeah, Don is going to see the Dr. about something to help with his nerves
and
to stop smoking.  He is going to tell him he is drinking with the stuff that
he
is taking.   Maybe the Doc can give him something to help settle down all this
hostility.

I'll work on the inventory list tonight.   You need to pull together all the
finical data, CD's etc. that are out and that we  cashed in.   Then we will
stick in new values.  Also need to give a good fair market value on items we
are
selling so we do not have to pay tax on the stuff right.  If we value the
place
at $175,000 and sell for less, then we don't have to pay taxes on the money,
so
I was told.

See Ya.

Chris.Germany@enron.com on 10/24/2000 08:09:57 AM
To:   Jerry W Germany
cc:
Subject:  Yo

Update.  Spoke with the lawyer yesterday.  We can't buy Don out right now.
We need to turn in the final inventory list, get things resolved with Mary
(be it good or bad) then we can buy Don out.

She still thinks that we won't have any issues with Mary.  After we provide
the inventory list, she wants me to meet with her (Joal), Mary, and Mary's
lawyer to see what we need to do to get this CONFLICT resolved.  Joal
thinks we should be able to do this during the first 2 weeks of November.

I have a bad cold and I went scooter riding last night.  Do you care?

I can't blame brother too much, I still bounce back and forth between major
frustration and apathy on the East Texas issue.  Hope for the best!!

Later

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Email Writing

Overview: This lesson introduces students to the basics of email writing, including proper formatting, tone, and content.

Objective: By the end of this lesson, students will be able to write clear and concise emails that convey their message effectively.

Materials: None

Vocabulary: Email, formatting, tone, content

Section 1: Introduction to Email Writing

Topic 1: What is an Email?
- Definition: An email is a message sent over the internet from one person to another.
- Importance: Emails are a quick and easy way to communicate with others.

Topic 2: How to Write an Email
- Format: An email should have a subject line, a greeting, a body, and a closing.
- Tone: Use a friendly and professional tone in your emails.
- Content: Keep your emails clear and concise, and make sure to answer any questions the recipient may have.

Section 2: Practice Email Writing

Exercise 1: Write an email to a friend asking them to lend you a book.
- Subject Line: "Book Lending Request"
- Greeting: "Hey there!"
- Body: "I've been meaning to ask you if I could borrow your copy of 'To Kill a Mockingbird.' I really want to read it before our book club discussion next week. Let me know if that's okay with you!"
- Closing: "Thanks, [Your Name]"

Exercise 2: Write an email to your boss requesting time off work.
- Subject Line: "Time Off Request"
- Greeting: "Dear [Boss's Name],"
- Body: "I hope you're doing well. I wanted to let you know that I would like to take some time off work from [date] to [date]. Is that okay with you? I will make sure to finish all my tasks before leaving."
- Closing: "Thank you, [Your Name]"

Section 3: Review and Self-Debate

Topic 1: Formatting
- Discussion: Why is it important to have a clear subject line and a proper greeting in an email?
- Debate: Should emails always follow a specific format? Why or why not?

Topic 2: Tone
- Discussion: How can you maintain a friendly and professional tone in your emails?
- Debate: Can a casual tone be used in all types of emails? Why or why not?

Topic 3: Content
- Discussion: How can you keep your emails clear and concise?
- Debate: Is it always necessary to answer every question the recipient may have in an email?

Section 4: Conclusion

Recap: In this lesson, we learned about the basics of email writing, including proper formatting, tone, and content. We practiced writing emails for different scenarios and debated the importance of each aspect. By following these guidelines, we can effectively communicate with others through email.

Glossary:
- Email: A message sent over the internet from one person to another.
- Formatting: The arrangement of elements on a page.
- Tone: The attitude or manner in which something is expressed.
- Content: The subject matter or information in an email.

End of Lesson.


text:
Are You Testing for Radon?

This month has been designated as National Radon Action Month by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The agency reported that radon is the leading cause of lung cancer deaths among nonsmokers in America and claims the lives of approximately 20,000 Americans each year.

Radon comes from the natural breakdown of uranium in soil, rock, and water. It can typically move up through the ground into the air of homes and buildings through cracks and other holes in the foundation. Radon can even enter a building through running well water in high radon zones. Structures can trap radon inside where is accumulates over time and can be an issue in both new and old buildings with or without basements.

People cannot see, smell or taste radon, but if it is present indoors at high levels it can be a health concern. According to the EPA, nearly 1 out of every 15 homes in the United States is estimated to have an elevated radon level (4 pCi/L or more). Testing homes, schools, and other buildings for radon is important since breathing air containing high levels of radon over time can cause some people to develop lung cancer. Indoor testing is the only way to know if radon is a risk in a particular home or building.

To see if you are located in a high radon zone, please click the image below to see the EPA’s radon zone map. If your property is located in a high radon zone (generally Zone 1) and you are concerned about the potential for radon exposure, ECS would be happy to help you learn more about radon or other indoor air quality, environmental, and health and safety issues. It is important to point out however that even if your home or building is not in a high radon zone, elevated levels of radon can still be present, even in a zone (Zone 3) that is considered at low risk.

ECS has certified radon measurement professionals who can provide radon sampling services for all types of buildings. If elevated levels of radon are present, we can also help you select a contractor for the installation of a radon mitigation system in your building.

Please feel free to contact us for any of these services and we would be happy to discuss how we may be able to assist you.

Archive

ECS ensures nondiscrimination in all programs and activities in accordance with Title VI and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and applicable state law. If you need more information or to make a request for special assistance for persons with disabilities or limited English proficiency, contact us by email at accommodations@ecslimited.com.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Test for Radon

### Introduction
Radon is a naturally occurring gas that can cause health problems when it accumulates indoors. It is important to test for radon in your home to ensure that you and your family are safe from its effects. In this lesson, we will learn how to test for radon and understand the results.

### Section 1: Understanding Radon
Radon is a radioactive gas that comes from the natural breakdown of uranium in soil, rock, and water. It is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, so it is not easy to detect without special equipment. Radon can enter homes and buildings through cracks in the foundation or through well water. High levels of radon can cause lung cancer, especially in people who smoke.

### Section 2: How to Test for Radon
There are two main ways to test for radon: short-term testing and long-term testing. Short-term tests usually take 2-7 days to complete, while long-term tests can take up to 90 days. Both types of tests use special devices called detectors that measure the amount of radon in the air.

To perform a short-term test, follow these steps:
1. Choose a detector that meets EPA requirements.
2. Place the detector in a well-ventilated area of your home, away from windows and doors.
3. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for placing the detector.
4. Leave the detector alone for the entire testing period. Do not tamper with it or move it.
5. After the testing period, check the results. If the reading is above 4 picocuries per liter (pCi/L), consider taking action to reduce radon levels.

To perform a long-term test, follow these steps:
1. Choose a detector that meets EPA requirements.
2. Place the detector in a well-ventilated area of your home, away from windows and doors.
3. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for placing the detector.
4. Leave the detector alone for the entire testing period. Do not tamper with it or move it.
5. After the testing period, check the results. If the reading is above 4 picocuries per liter (pCi/L), consider taking action to reduce radon levels.

### Section 3: Interpreting Results
If you perform a short-term test and the result is below 4 pCi/L, you may choose to take no further action. However, if the result is above 4 pCi/L, consider performing another short-term test or a long-term test to confirm the results. If the long-term test result is above 4 pCi/L, take action to reduce radon levels.

If you find that your home has high radon levels, there are several ways to reduce radon levels. These include sealing cracks in the foundation, installing a vent fan, or using a radon mitigation system.

### Glossary
- pCi/L: picocuries per liter, a unit used to measure radon levels
- EPA: Environmental Protection Agency

### Conclusion
Testing for radon is an important step in protecting your health and the health of your family. By understanding radon and how to test for it, you can take action to reduce radon levels in your home and prevent potential health problems.


text: Alpha Moisture Systems design and manufacture a wide range. of dewpoint meters, hygrometers and moisture analyzers for the measurement. of trace moisture in gases and dry compressed air, encompassing an overall. range from +20°C to -110°C dewpoint, ie 23,000 parts per million. down to nearly 1 part per billion all incorporating precision dewpoint. transmitters featuring Ultra High Capacitance Aluminium Oxide Sensor. technology.. Our range of products include:. In addition to our standard ranges of products we are able to supply bespoke specialist solutions for a wide range of applications.. alpha. moisture systems. Alpha House, 96 City Road. BRADFORD, ENGLAND BD88ES. t:+44 (0)1274 733 100 f:+44(0)1274 733 200

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Measurement of Trace Moisture in Gases and Dry Compressed Air

Lesson Overview:
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of measuring trace moisture in gases and dry compressed air, and the instruments used for this purpose. We will also explore the working principle of these instruments and their applications in various industries.

Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

1. Understand the importance of measuring trace moisture in gases and dry compressed air.
2. Identify the instruments used for this purpose.
3. Explain the working principle of dewpoint meters, hygrometers, and moisture analyzers.
4. Apply the knowledge gained to solve real-world problems.

Section 1: Introduction to Trace Moisture Measurement

Topic 1: Importance of Measuring Trace Moisture
Trace moisture is a small amount of water vapor present in gases or dry compressed air. It is essential to measure trace moisture because it can cause several problems in various industries, such as corrosion, contamination, and product degradation.

Topic 2: Instruments Used for Trace Moisture Measurement
Alpha Moisture Systems design and manufacture a wide range of dewpoint meters, hygrometers, and moisture analyzers for measuring trace moisture in gases and dry compressed air. These instruments are used in various industries, including chemical, pharmaceutical, food processing, and electronics.

Section 2: Working Principle of Dewpoint Meters, Hygrometers, and Moisture Analyzers

Topic 1: Dewpoint Meters
Dewpoint meters measure the temperature at which a gas mixture begins to condense into liquid water. This temperature is called the dewpoint. The most common type of dewpoint meter uses an ultra-high capacitance aluminum oxide sensor.

Topic 2: Hygrometers
Hygrometers measure the amount of moisture present in the air. They can be used to determine relative humidity, which is the percentage of moisture in the air compared to the maximum amount of moisture the air can hold at a given temperature.

Topic 3: Moisture Analyzers
Moisture analyzers are used to determine the amount of moisture in a sample. They work by measuring the mass of the sample before and after it is heated to remove the moisture. The difference in mass is then calculated to determine the moisture content.

Section 3: Applications of Trace Moisture Measurement Instruments

Topic 1: Chemical Industry
In the chemical industry, trace moisture measurement is crucial for ensuring the purity of chemicals and preventing contamination. Dewpoint meters, hygrometers, and moisture analyzers are used to measure the moisture content in gases and dry compressed air.

Topic 2: Pharmaceutical Industry
In the pharmaceutical industry, trace moisture measurement is essential for maintaining the quality and efficacy of drugs. Dewpoint meters and hygrometers are used to ensure that the production environment remains free of moisture, which can degrade drug products.

Topic 3: Food Processing Industry
In the food processing industry, trace moisture measurement is important for maintaining food safety and quality. Dewpoint meters and hygrometers are used to ensure that the production environment remains free of moisture, which can cause spoilage and contamination.

Topic 4: Electronics Industry
In the electronics industry, trace moisture measurement is crucial for preventing damage to electronic components due to corrosion and contamination. Dewpoint meters and moisture analyzers are used to ensure that the production environment remains free of moisture.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the importance of measuring trace moisture in gases and dry compressed air, and the instruments used for this purpose. We also explored the working principle of dewpoint meters, hygrometers, and moisture analyzers, and their applications in various industries. By understanding the principles and applications of these instruments, we can apply this knowledge to solve real-world problems related to trace moisture measurement.


text:
Ultrasonography as a differential diagnostic aid in achillodynia.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the usefulness of soft-tissue real-time ultrasonography (US) for diagnosing sports injuries of the Achilles region. Thirty-eight patients (mean age, 39.9 years) with Achilles tendon problems were studied at Helsinki University Central Hospital. Six patients underwent surgery following ultrasonographic examination. All operative findings corresponded closely with those of ultrasonography. Partial ruptures were found in 11 cases, total tendon rupture in three cases, subachilles bursitis in 11 cases, and peritendinitis in 16 cases. The study showed that real-time ultrasonography can be used reliably for examination of both tendoneal and peritendoneal injuries. The technique is recommended as a routine examination before instigating any specific treatment and for monitoring Achilles tendon injuries.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Medical Imaging

**Objective:** To introduce students to medical imaging techniques and their applications in diagnosing sports injuries.

**Materials:** None

**Activity:**

1. Begin by asking students what they think medical imaging is and why it is important in medicine.

2. Explain that medical imaging is the process of creating visual representations of the inside of the body for clinical analysis and medical intervention. There are several types of medical imaging, including X-rays, ultrasounds, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET).

3. Introduce the concept of ultrasonography and explain how it works. Ultrasonography uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the body's internal structures. These images can be used to diagnose various conditions, including sports injuries.

4. Discuss the study mentioned in the input text. Ask students to identify the purpose of the study and the techniques used. Explain that the study aimed to investigate the usefulness of real-time ultrasonography in diagnosing sports injuries of the Achilles region.

5. Ask students to identify the main findings of the study. Emphasize that the study showed that real-time ultrasonography can be used reliably for examination of both tendon and peritendinous injuries.

6. Discuss the implications of the study. Ask students to consider how this information might be applied in a clinical setting.

7. Conclude by asking students to reflect on the importance of medical imaging in diagnosing sports injuries. Encourage them to think about how other imaging techniques might be used in similar situations.

**Glossary:**
- Ultrasonography: A medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the body's internal structures.
- Real-time ultrasonography: A type of ultrasonography that produces images in real-time, allowing for immediate diagnosis and treatment.
- Achilles tendon: A tendon located in the back of the ankle that connects the calf muscle to the heel bone.
- Peritendinitis: Inflammation of the tissue surrounding the Achilles tendon.

**Conclusion:**

In this lesson, we introduced students to the concept of medical imaging and its application in diagnosing sports injuries. We discussed the use of ultrasonography in particular and its effectiveness in diagnosing both tendon and peritendinous injuries. Students were encouraged to reflect on the importance of medical imaging in the field of sports medicine and to consider how other imaging techniques might be used in similar situations.


text: 25 years ago:. With cattle-on-feed numbers at their highest levels since the 1970s and prices that haven't matched costs, feeders on the High Plains have suffered heavy losses for about five months.. 50 years ago:. An international bit of Mexico was visibly evident in Lubbock Thursday as a week-long celebration leading up to Mexican Independence Day today approached a climax.. 75 years ago:. Women outnumber men in most countries of the western world. (From June). 100 years ago:. Slaton - The Methodist Church of Slaton has completed building plans for this spring and expects soon to commence work on a new church building.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Importance of Timelines in Historical Context

**Introduction:**
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of timelines in historical context. We will explore how timelines help us understand the sequence of events and patterns in history. We will also learn how to read and interpret timelines, and apply this knowledge to real-world scenarios.

**Section 1: Theoretical Concepts**
- A timeline is a visual representation of events or periods of time that shows their order and relationship.
- Timelines can be used to identify trends, patterns, and connections between events.
- They can also help us understand the context of an event or period in history.

**Section 2: Questions and Answers**
- Why are timelines important in historical context?
- Timelines provide a chronological framework for understanding the sequence of events and patterns in history.
- How do we read and interpret timelines?
- We can read timelines by identifying the order and relationship of events or periods of time. We can interpret timelines by looking for patterns, connections, and context.

**Section 3: Definitions of Purpose**
- A timeline can be used to visualize the progression of events over time.
- It can help us understand the context of an event or period in history.
- Timelines can also reveal patterns and connections between events.

**Section 4: Practical Examples**
- Let's say we want to learn about the history of the United States. We can create a timeline of significant events, such as the Declaration of Independence, the Civil War, and World War II. By looking at the timeline, we can see the order of these events and identify patterns, such as the progression of civil rights movements.
- We can also use timelines to understand the context of an event. For example, let's say we want to learn about the French Revolution. By creating a timeline of events leading up to the revolution, we can see the factors that contributed to the uprising.

**Section 5: Real-World Scenarios**
- Timelines can be used in many fields, such as history, science, and technology.
- In business, timelines can be used to track project progress or plan future projects.
- In science, timelines can be used to study the evolution of species or natural disasters.

**Glossary:**
- Timeline: a visual representation of events or periods of time that shows their order and relationship.
- Sequence: the order of events or periods of time in a timeline.
- Context: the background circumstances or environment in which an event occurs.

**Conclusion:**
By understanding the importance of timelines in historical context, we can better appreciate the sequence of events and patterns in history. We can also apply this knowledge to real-world scenarios, such as business planning or scientific research. By using timelines, we can gain a deeper understanding of the past and make more informed decisions about the future.


text:
Obama's Charlottesville Response Becomes Second-Most-Liked Tweet Ever

The former president's Nelson Mandela quote has racked up more than 2 million likes in three days.

President Obama's Charlottesville response has become the second-most-liked tweet ever, in just three days.

Obama’s posting of a quote from Nelson Mandela's autobiography Long Walk to Freedom and a photo of himself with children of different races has racked up 2.5 million likes since Saturday.

The quote reads in full: "No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin or his background or his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love. For love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite."

He shared the full quote in a series of three tweets, though the first is the one that garnered the most likes.

Obama's tweet falls just short of the most-liked tweet ever, Ariana Grande’s post following a fatal bombing at the site of her concert in Manchester, which has 2.7 million likes.

Meanwhile, none of President Trump's tweets since Saturday have more than a few hundred thousand likes.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Empathy and Understanding in Society

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the importance of empathy and understanding in society. We will examine how these qualities can help us overcome prejudice and division, and create a more cohesive and compassionate world.

Section 1: The Importance of Empathy
Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. It is a crucial quality in any society, as it allows us to connect with others on a deeper level and build stronger relationships. By putting ourselves in other people's shoes, we can better understand their experiences and perspectives, leading to greater tolerance and respect.

Questions and Answers:
- Why is empathy important?
- How does empathy help us connect with others?
- What are some examples of empathy in action?

Section 2: The Power of Understanding
Understanding is the process of comprehending and grasping the nature of something. In the context of society, understanding refers to our ability to appreciate and respect the differences between people. By actively seeking to understand others, we can break down barriers and promote harmony.

Questions and Answers:
- What is the difference between empathy and understanding?
- Why is it important to understand others?
- How can we demonstrate understanding towards others?

Section 3: Putting Empathy and Understanding into Practice
Empathy and understanding are not just abstract concepts; they have tangible benefits in our daily lives. By cultivating these qualities, we can improve our relationships, work more effectively with others, and contribute to a more just and equitable society.

Questions and Answers:
- How can we apply empathy and understanding in our everyday lives?
- What are some challenges to practicing empathy and understanding?
- How can we overcome these challenges?

Conclusion:
In conclusion, empathy and understanding are essential qualities for creating a more compassionate and connected world. By putting ourselves in others' shoes and actively seeking to understand their experiences, we can bridge divides and promote a more inclusive and tolerant society. Let's strive to incorporate these values into our daily lives and work towards a brighter future for all.

Glossary:
- Empathy: the ability to understand and share the feelings of others
- Understanding: the process of comprehending and grasping the nature of something
- Prejudice: a preconceived judgment or opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience
- Division: a state of conflict or discord between two or more groups
- Harmony: a state of agreement or concord


text:
Maryland Route 146

Maryland Route 146 (MD 146) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland.  The state highway runs  from MD 45 in Towson north to MD 23 near Jarrettsville.  MD 146 connects Towson with Loch Raven Reservoir, an impoundment of Gunpowder Falls.  The state highway also serves the northern Baltimore County community of Jacksonville and Jarrettsville in western Harford County.  MD 146 was constructed as two different state highways on either side of Loch Raven Reservoir.  The section of the state highway in Towson was built in the 1910s and the portion through Jacksonville to Jarrettsville was constructed in the late 1920s and early 1930s.  The gap in MD 146 through Loch Raven Reservoir was filled in two steps of maintenance swaps in the early 1960s and late 1970s.

Route description

MD 146 begins at the Towson Roundabout, a five-leg, racetrack-shaped roundabout in the center of Towson.  The roundabout also features MD 45 (York Road), which heads south toward Baltimore and northwest toward Lutherville, and Joppa Road, a county-maintained highway that runs west toward Brooklandville and east toward Parkville.  MD 146 heads northeast as Dulaney Valley Road, a four-lane divided boulevard that passes along the west side of the Towson Town Center shopping mall and the campus of Goucher College.  The state highway meets Interstate 695 (Baltimore Beltway) at a partial cloverleaf interchange.  The ramp from the westbound Beltway to MD 146 connects via Hampton Lane, which heads east past Towson United Methodist Church toward Hampton National Historic Site.  North of the Beltway, MD 146 is a five-lane road with a center left-turn lane that passes between the suburbs of Hampton to the east and Lutherville to the west.  MD 146 reduces to two lanes just north of Seminary Road and its traversal of Long Quarter Branch, which flows into Loch Raven Reservoir.  The state highway passes between Timonium to the west and the reservoir parkland on the east.

North of Timonium Road, MD 146 fully enters Loch Raven Reservoir Park.  At Old Bosley Road, the state highway curves east and crosses the reservoir.  Just east of the bridge, Dulaney Valley Road continues east while MD 146 veers north as Jarrettsville Pike.  The state highway passes by the historic home Eagle's Nest as it leaves the reservoir valley.  MD 146 intersects Sunnybrook Road and Merrymans Mill Road in the hamlet of Sunnybrook before passing through Jacksonville, a community also known as Phoenix that is centered at the highway's intersection with MD 145.  MD 145 heads east as Sweet Air Road toward Baldwin and west as Paper Mill Road toward Cockeysville.  North of Jacksonville, MD 146 crosses Little Gunpowder Falls into Harford County.  The state highway passes through the communities of Hess and Taylor, where the highway passes the Ladew Topiary Gardens and meets the northern end of MD 152 (Fallston Road).  MD 146 reaches its northern terminus at its intersection with MD 23 (Norrisville Road) in the hamlet of Madonna west of Jarrettsville.  The roadway continues north as county-maintained Madonna Road.

MD 146 is a part of the National Highway System as a principal arterial from MD 45 in Towson to MD 145 in Jacksonville.

History

MD 146's predecessor highways included a pair of turnpikes.  The Dulaney's Valley and Towsontown Turnpike connected the Baltimore and Yorktown Turnpike at Towson with Meredith's Ford, a shallow spot in Gunpowder Falls before Loch Raven Reservoir was formed.  A pair of turnpikes began east of the ford: the Dulaney's Valley and Sweet Air Turnpike east to the community of Knoebel at what is now the intersection of Dulaney Valley Road and Manor Road, and the Jarrettsville Turnpike north from the ford through Jacksonville to Little Gunpowder Falls.  The first section of modern MD 146 was constructed as a  wide macadam road from York Road north  in 1915.  This road was resurfaced in concrete and extended to the southern edge of the Loch Raven Reservoir reservation just north of Seminary Road by 1921.

The first portion of MD 146 north of Loch Raven Reservoir was a concrete road from the northern edge of the Loch Raven Reservoir reservation to MD 145 in Jacksonville built in 1928.  The state highway was extended north to Little Gunpowder Falls in 1929.  The Harford County section of MD 146 was started in 1930 and completed in 1932.  An additional section of the state highway was built on Madonna Road from the junction with MD 23 north to Nelson Mill Road in 1939.  MD 146 was truncated at MD 23 when the Madonna Road segment was transferred to county maintenance in 1955.  The section of the state highway south of Loch Raven Reservoir was originally designated MD 144 but became a disjoint segment of MD 146 by 1940.  MD 144 was later reused for bypassed sections of U.S. Route 40 between Cumberland and Baltimore.

The southern segment of MD 146 was widened to  in 1946.  MD 146 from the center of Towson to the Baltimore Beltway was expanded to a divided highway concurrent with the construction of the highway's cloverleaf interchange with the Beltway between 1955 and 1958.  The portions of Dulaney Valley Road and Jarrettsville Pike through the Loch Raven Reservoir reservation were originally maintained by the Baltimore City Department of Transportation since the reservoir is owned by the city of Baltimore.  These sections were transferred to state maintenance in two steps.  MD 146 was extended north from near Seminary Road to just west of the bridge over the reservoir in 1963.  The bridge and the highway to the northern edge of the reservoir reservation were transferred to state maintenance in 1979, closing the gap between the two sections of MD 146.

Junction list

Auxiliary route
MD 146A is the designation for the  section of Dulaney Valley Road immediately east of the road's intersection with MD 146, which is just east of MD 146's bridge over Loch Raven Reservoir.  Dulaney Valley Road continues east as a road maintained by the Baltimore City Department of Transportation, which maintains most roads within the park reservation surrounding the reservoir.  This section of Dulaney Valley Road was transferred from city to state maintenance in 2009.

See also

References

External links

MDRoads: MD 146

146
Maryland Route 146
Maryland Route 146

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to State Highways

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of state highways and their importance in transportation systems.

**Glossary:**
- State highway: A road that is maintained by a state or provincial government.
- Transportation system: A network of roads, rails, waterways, and airways used for transporting people and goods.

**Lesson:**

## Section 1: Introduction to State Highways

- What is a state highway?
A state highway is a road that is maintained by a state or provincial government. These highways are usually numbered and form a part of the transportation system in a region or country.

- Why are state highways important?
State highways are important because they provide a means of transportation between cities, towns, and rural areas. They help connect people to jobs, schools, hospitals, and other essential services. State highways also play a crucial role in the movement of goods and commerce within a region or country.

## Section 2: How State Highways are Designated and Maintained

- How are state highways designated?
State highways are designated by the state transportation agency. The designation process involves assigning a specific route number to a road that meets certain criteria, such as being a major route connecting two or more points.

- Who maintains state highways?
State highways are maintained by the state transportation agency. This includes repairing and resurfacing the roads, maintaining traffic signals and signs, and clearing snow and debris from the roadway.

## Section 3: The Role of State Highways in Transportation Systems

- What is the role of state highways in transportation systems?
State highways serve as the backbone of the transportation system in many regions. They provide a fast and efficient way to travel between cities and towns, and they also serve as important routes for commercial vehicles that transport goods across the country.

- How do state highways contribute to economic growth?
State highways contribute to economic growth by providing access to businesses and industries located along their routes. They also help reduce transportation costs for companies that rely on the movement of goods and materials.

## Conclusion:
In conclusion, state highways are an essential component of transportation systems. They provide a means of transportation between cities, towns, and rural areas, and they also play a crucial role in the movement of goods and commerce within a region or country. By understanding the importance of state highways, we can appreciate their role in connecting us to the world around us and supporting economic growth.


text: Consuming wines are thought to provide greater health advantages than consuming beer. The extra benefits are closely related partly for an connected healthier diet, researchers theorize. Wine drinkers eat more olives, fresh vegetables and fruit, low-fat milk products, chicken and lean cuts of meat, based on research conducted recently. Beer drinkers put together to consume [...]

textbook:
Lesson: The Benefits of Moderate Alcohol Consumption

Introduction:
Alcohol consumption has been a part of human culture for thousands of years. While excessive alcohol consumption can have negative effects on health, moderate alcohol consumption has been shown to have several benefits. In this lesson, we will explore the benefits of moderate alcohol consumption and discuss the potential reasons behind these benefits.

Section 1: The Health Benefits of Moderate Alcohol Consumption
Moderate alcohol consumption has been linked to several health benefits. These benefits include a reduced risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Additionally, moderate alcohol consumption has been shown to improve cognitive function and reduce the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Question: Why do you think moderate alcohol consumption has these health benefits?
Answer: The exact reason behind these health benefits is not fully understood. However, researchers believe that the antioxidants found in wine and other alcoholic beverages may play a role. Additionally, moderate alcohol consumption may help increase levels of good cholesterol and improve blood flow.

Section 2: The Connection Between Diet and Moderate Alcohol Consumption
Research has shown that people who consume moderate amounts of alcohol tend to have healthier diets than those who do not drink alcohol at all. This is particularly true for those who drink wine. Wine drinkers tend to eat more fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats than non-drinkers. This may contribute to the health benefits associated with moderate alcohol consumption.

Question: How does moderate alcohol consumption affect our diet?
Answer: Moderate alcohol consumption may encourage people to eat more healthily. For example, wine drinkers tend to consume more olives, fresh vegetables, and fruit, as well as low-fat dairy products, chicken, and lean cuts of meat. This may help explain why wine drinkers have a lower risk of developing certain health conditions.

Section 3: Applying the Benefits of Moderate Alcohol Consumption to Our Lives
While moderate alcohol consumption has several health benefits, it is essential to remember that these benefits are only seen when alcohol is consumed in moderation. This means that men should limit themselves to two drinks per day, and women should limit themselves to one drink per day. Additionally, it is crucial to maintain a balanced diet and engage in regular physical activity to promote overall health and wellbeing.

Question: How can we apply the benefits of moderate alcohol consumption to our lives?
Answer: To apply the benefits of moderate alcohol consumption to our lives, we should aim to consume alcohol in moderation. This means limiting ourselves to no more than two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women. Additionally, we should focus on maintaining a balanced diet and engaging in regular physical activity to promote overall health and wellbeing.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, moderate alcohol consumption has been linked to several health benefits. These benefits may be due to the antioxidants found in alcoholic beverages or the fact that moderate drinkers tend to have healthier diets. Regardless of the reason, it is essential to remember that these benefits are only seen when alcohol is consumed in moderation. By applying the lessons learned in this lesson, we can work towards promoting overall health and wellbeing.

Glossary:
- Moderate alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol in moderation, which means no more than two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women.
- Antioxidants: Substances that protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
- Cholesterol: A type of fat found in the bloodstream that can be either good or bad for your health.
- Diabetes: A condition in which the body cannot produce enough insulin or cannot use insulin effectively, leading to high blood sugar levels.
- Stroke: A brain attack caused by a blockage or rupture of blood vessels in the brain.

[**Note:** This lesson is intended for educational purposes only and is not meant to serve as medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before making any changes to your diet or lifestyle.]


text: Join our Exclusive Facebook & Whatsapp Groups for instant updates of our programs and other news!FACEBOOK GROUP WHATSAPP GROUP. Student Testimonials. “I used the EASY READ books and it helped me cover each topic before each class, the sample questions and drafts are important and effective to my excellent results at the law school”.. – Abdulhaleem Sunusi Ahmed Esq.. (Bayero Univeristy Kano). First Class Graduate – Nigerian Law School. “I resumed late and didn’t understand all the Nigerian Law School was about, until I got a copy of EASY READ materials and participated in the programs, which built my confidence and I am so glad I made the Nigerian Bar at one sitting”.. – Nguve Williams Esq.. Second Class – Upper Division NLS & Best Cameroonian Graduate. “EASY READ made my Nigerian Law school experience very easy for me, especially with his voice note and sessions online. Thank you sir!”. – Deborah O. Esq.. (University of Benin). First Class Graduate – Nigerian Law School

textbook:
Lesson: How to Use Study Materials Effectively

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to use study materials effectively to improve our learning experience. We will cover three main sections:
1. Choosing the right study materials
2. Using study materials efficiently
3. Evaluating your progress

Section 1: Choosing the Right Study Materials

The first step to using study materials effectively is choosing the right ones. Here are some factors to consider when selecting study materials:

1. Suitability: Ensure that the study materials are suitable for your level of understanding. If you are a beginner, choose materials that are designed for beginners.

2. Relevance: Check if the study materials are relevant to your current topic or subject. If you are studying law, ensure that the materials are related to law.

3. Accessibility: Choose materials that are easily accessible. This could mean free online resources or books that you can borrow from the library.

4. Reliability: Ensure that the study materials are reliable and accurate. You can check the author's credentials or read reviews from other users.

5. Format: Choose materials that suit your learning style. For example, if you prefer visual aids, choose materials with diagrams or videos.

Section 2: Using Study Materials Efficiently

Once you have chosen the right study materials, the next step is to use them efficiently. Here are some tips:

1. Set goals: Before starting to study, set specific goals for what you want to achieve. This could be memorizing certain facts or understanding a particular concept.

2. Create a schedule: Allocate time for each study session and stick to the schedule. Break down the material into smaller chunks and study for shorter periods regularly rather than cramming everything at once.

3. Active learning: Engage with the material by taking notes, asking questions, and summarizing key points. This helps to retain information better.

4. Practice: Apply what you have learned by solving practice problems or taking quizzes. This helps to reinforce your understanding and identify areas where you need more practice.

5. Review: Regularly review the material to reinforce your learning. This could be done by revisiting the study materials or discussing the topic with a friend.

Section 3: Evaluating Your Progress

Finally, evaluate your progress to ensure that you are making progress. Here are some ways to do this:

1. Test yourself: Regularly test yourself on the material you have learned. This could be done by taking quizzes or creating your own tests.

2. Seek feedback: Ask for feedback from others, such as teachers or peers. This can help you identify areas where you need to improve.

3. Reflect on your learning: Take time to reflect on your learning experience. Ask yourself questions like "What have I learned?" and "How has my understanding improved?"

Conclusion:

In conclusion, using study materials effectively is an essential skill for learning. By choosing the right materials, using them efficiently, and evaluating your progress, you can improve your learning experience and achieve better results. Remember to apply these skills to new problems and continue to learn and grow.


text: World Bank unveils $16bn plan to help Africa cope with climate change. Business plan aims to boost climate finance to cope with impacts such as drought and malaria. The World Bank has unveiled a $16bn climate finance programme to help African countries cope with the worst impacts of climate change, such as increased risk of drought and food shortages. The multi-lateral...

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Climate Change and Its Impact on Africa

Introduction:
Climate change is a global issue that affects everyone, but its impacts are more pronounced in developing countries like Africa. In this lesson, we will learn about climate change, its effects on Africa, and what the World Bank is doing to help.

Section 1: Understanding Climate Change

**Theory:** Climate change refers to long-term changes in the Earth's climate, including changes in temperature, precipitation patterns, and weather events. These changes are primarily caused by human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes.

**Practice:** What are some examples of human activities that contribute to climate change?
- Burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy
- Deforestation and land-use changes
- Industrial processes and manufacturing

**Questions:** How does the Earth's climate change over time? What are some examples of climate change impacts on Africa?

Section 2: Climate Change Impacts on Africa

**Theory:** Climate change has several impacts on Africa, including increased risk of drought, food shortages, and spread of diseases like malaria.

**Practice:** How does drought affect agriculture in Africa? How does climate change impact the spread of diseases like malaria?
- Drought reduces water availability for crops, leading to reduced crop yields and food shortages.
- Climate change alters temperature and precipitation patterns, which can expand the range of disease-carrying mosquitoes, leading to an increase in malaria cases.

**Questions:** How does climate change affect food security in Africa? What can be done to reduce the spread of diseases like malaria?

Section 3: World Bank Climate Finance Programme

**Theory:** The World Bank has launched a $16 billion climate finance programme to help African countries cope with the impacts of climate change.

**Practice:** What is climate finance? How does the World Bank's programme work to help African countries cope with climate change impacts?
- Climate finance refers to financial resources provided to support climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts in developing countries.
- The World Bank's programme provides funding for projects that aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, increase resilience to climate change impacts, and support sustainable development.

**Questions:** What is climate finance? How does the World Bank's programme help African countries cope with climate change impacts?

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding climate change and its impacts on Africa is crucial for developing effective solutions to mitigate its effects. The World Bank's climate finance programme is a step in the right direction towards helping African countries cope with the worst impacts of climate change. By learning about climate change and its impacts, we can apply these skills to new problems and develop innovative solutions to address them.


text: BMW X6 M Design Edition. The BMW M Engineers have been hard at work behind the scenes and have just announced the new BMW X6 M Design Edition via their Facebook Page. Do not let these pictures scare you. Those nearly atrocious triple color stripes are 100% optional, but the 100 cars being produced of this limited edition X6 is not optional. The real beauty of the car hides under the hood. It is powered by a 550 HP 4.4 Liter V-8 that generates a whopping 500 pounds of torque. Black leather interior is an added bonus, and is highlighted with magello red leather trim. Each car will be outfitted with a individually numbered plaque to designate its position within the 100 car limited run.. The car is stunning, luxurious, and 100% BMW, but for my tastes, it would need to lose those optional stripes..

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Automobiles

**Section 1: What is an Automobile?**
An automobile, also known as a car or vehicle, is a wheeled motor vehicle designed for transportation on roads. Cars are powered by engines that burn fuel to generate energy to move the car. They come in different shapes, sizes, colors, and brands.

**Section 2: How do Automobiles Work?**
Automobiles work by converting fuel into motion through a series of mechanical processes. The engine takes in fuel and air, mixes them together, and ignites them to create a small explosion. This explosion pushes a piston, which turns the crankshaft, transmitting power to the wheels and moving the car forward.

**Section 3: Types of Automobiles**
There are many types of automobiles, including sedans, SUVs, trucks, vans, and sports cars. Each type has its own unique features and purposes. For example, sedans are typically smaller and more fuel-efficient, while SUVs are larger and can carry more passengers and cargo. Sports cars are designed for speed and agility, while trucks are built for hauling heavy loads.

**Section 4: The Importance of Automobiles**
Automobiles are important because they provide a convenient and efficient way to travel. They allow us to go places quickly and easily, whether we're running errands or going on vacation. They also help us stay connected with friends and family, and enable us to access essential services like healthcare and education.

**Section 5: The Future of Automobiles**
The future of automobiles is likely to involve significant advancements in technology and sustainability. Cars may become electric or hybrid, reducing their environmental impact. They may also become smarter, with advanced safety features and the ability to communicate with other vehicles and infrastructure.

**Conclusion**
In conclusion, automobiles are an important part of our lives, providing transportation and convenience. By understanding how they work and the different types available, we can make informed decisions about which vehicle is best for our needs. As technology continues to advance, we can expect even more exciting developments in the world of automobiles.

**Glossary**
- Engine: A device that converts fuel into motion
- Piston: A component of an engine that moves up and down to convert fuel energy into motion
- Crankshaft: A component of an engine that translates the back-and-forth motion of the pistons into rotational motion
- Fuel: A substance burned in an engine to generate energy
- Explosion: A rapid release of energy caused by the combustion of fuel and air
- Transmission: A component of an automobile that transmits power from the engine to the wheels
- Wheels: The round components of an automobile that rotate to provide motion


text:
Culture of Suriname

Surinamese culture is very diverse and dynamic, and has strong Asian, African and European influences. The population is mainly composed of the contribution of people from the Netherlands, India, Africa, China and Indonesia, as well as indigenous peoples who lived in the area, before the arrival of European settlers.

Cultural events
 New Year's Eve
 Holi-Phagwa
 Easter
 Labour Day
 Indian Arrival Day
 Keti Koti
 Javanese Arrival Day
 Indigenous People's Day
 Day of the Maroons
 Chinese Arrival Day
 Independence Day
 Christmas

Music

Suriname is a South American country, a former colony of the Netherlands. The country is known for its kaseko music, and for having an Indo-Caribbean tradition.

The term kaseko is probably derived from the French expression casser le corps (break the body), which was used during slavery to indicate a very swift dance. Kaseko is a fusion of numerous popular and folk styles derived from Africa, Europe and the Americas. It is rhythmically complex, with percussion instruments including skratji (a very large bass drum) and snare drums, as well as saxophone, trumpet and occasionally trombone. Singing can be both solo and choir. Songs are typically call-and-response, as are Creole folk styles from the area, such as kawina.

Kaseko emerged from the traditional Surinamese Creole kawina music, which was played since the beginning of 1900 by Creole street musicians in Paramaribo. It evolved in the 1930s during festivities that used large bands, especially brass bands, and was called Bigi Pokoe (big drum music). Following World War II, jazz, calypso and other importations became popular, while rock and roll soon left its own influence in the form of electrified instruments.

Cuisine

Surinamese cuisine is extensive, since the population of Suriname came from many countries.  Surinamese cuisine is a combination of many international cuisines including Indian, African, Javanese (Indonesian), Chinese, Dutch, Jewish, Portuguese, and Amerindian cuisines. This has ensured that Surinamese cooking has spawned many dishes; the different groups were influenced by each other's dishes and ingredients; this new Surinamese cuisine included roti, nasi goreng, bami, pom, snesi foroe, moksi meti, and losi foroe; because of this blending of many cultures, Surinamese cuisine is a unique creation. Basic foods include rice, plants such as tayer and cassava, and roti. Usually, there is chicken on the menu in many variations of the Chinese snesi foroe, the Indian chicken masala and pom, a very popular party dish of Creole origin. Also, salted meat and stockfish (bakkeljauw) are widely used. Yardlong beans, okra, and eggplant are examples of vegetables in the Surinamese kitchen. For a spicy taste, Madame Jeanette peppers are used.

Besides the casserole pom, roti (often served with a filling of chicken masala, potato and vegetables) is also often served on festive occasions with many guests. Other well known dishes are moksi-alesi (mixed boiled rice with salted meat, shrimp or fish, and any vegetable), rice and beans, peanut soup, battered fried plantain, bara and the original Javanese nasi goreng and mie goreng.

Desserts include boyo, a sweet cake made with coconut and cassava, and fiadu, a cake containing raisins, currants, almonds, and succade. maizena koekjes are cornstarch cookies made with vanilla.

Religion

 Christianity: 48.4%
 Hinduism: 22.3%
 Islam: 13.9%
 Indigenous religion: 5%
 Winti: 1.8%
 Javanism: 0.8%
 Obeah
 Judaism

References

 Bakker, Eveline, et al., eds. Geschiedenis van Suriname: Van stam tot staat, 2nd ed., 1998.
 Binnendijk, Chandra van, and Paul Faber, eds. Sranan: Cultuur in Suriname, 1992.
 Bruijning, C. F. A., and J. Voorhoeve, eds. Encyclopedie van Suriname, 1978.
 Buddingh', Hans. Geschiedenis van Suriname, 2nd ed., 1995.
 Colchester, Marcus. Forest Politics in Suriname, 1995.
 Dew, Edward M. The Difficult Flowering of Surinam: Ethnicity and Politics in a Plural Society, 1978.
 Economist Intelligence Unit. Country Profile Suriname 1998–99, 1999.
 Hoefte, Rosemarijn. Suriname, 1990.
 Lier, R. A. J. van. Frontier Society: A Social Analysis of the History of Surinam, 1971.
 Meel, Peter. "Towards a Typology of Suriname Nationalism." New West Indian Guide 72 (3/4): 257–281, 1998.
 Oostindie, Gert. Het paradijs overzee: De 'Nederlandse' Caraiben en Nederland, 1997.
 Plotkin, Mark. J. Tales of a Shaman's Apprentice: An Ethnobotanist Searches for New Medicines in the Amazon Rain Forest, 1993.
 Price, Richard. First-Time: The Historical Vision of an Afro-American People, 1983.
 Sedoc-Dahlberg, Betty, ed. The Dutch Caribbean: Prospects for Democracy, 1990.
 Szulc-Krzyzanowski, Michel, and Michiel van Kempen. Deep-Rooted Words: Ten Storytellers and Writers from Surinam (South America), 1992.

External links

textbook:
Lesson: Culture of Suriname

Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn about the culture of Suriname. Suriname is a small country in South America that has a rich and diverse cultural heritage. The culture of Suriname is a mix of different influences from Asia, Africa, Europe, and the indigenous people of the area. We will explore the different cultural events, music, and traditions that make up the unique culture of Suriname.

Section 1: Cultural Events

Cultural events are an important part of the culture of Suriname. Some of the most famous cultural events in Suriname include:

1. New Year's Eve - This is a celebration of the new year with parades, music, and dancing in the streets.
2. Holi-Phagwa - This is a Hindu festival that celebrates the victory of good over evil. It is celebrated with colorful powders, music, and dancing.
3. Easter - Easter is a Christian holiday that celebrates the resurrection of Jesus Christ. It is celebrated with church services, family gatherings, and egg hunts.
4. Labour Day - Labour Day is a celebration of workers and their contributions to society. It is celebrated with parades, speeches, and music.
5. Indian Arrival Day - This is a celebration of the arrival of the first Indians to Suriname in 1873. It is celebrated with parades, music, and dancing.
6. Keti Koti - This is a celebration of the end of slavery in Suriname. It is celebrated with speeches, music, and dancing.
7. Javanese Arrival Day - This is a celebration of the arrival of the first Javanese people to Suriname in 1900. It is celebrated with parades, music, and dancing.
8. Indigenous People's Day - This is a celebration of the indigenous people of Suriname and their contributions to society. It is celebrated with speeches, music, and dancing.
9. Day of the Maroons - This is a celebration of the Maroon people and their contributions to Suriname. It is celebrated with speeches, music, and dancing.
10. Chinese Arrival Day - This is a celebration of the arrival of the first Chinese people to Suriname in 1854. It is celebrated with parades, music, and dancing.

Section 2: Music

Music is an important part of the culture of Suriname. The music of Suriname is a mix of different styles from Africa, Europe, and the Americas. One of the most popular styles of music in Suriname is kaseko. Kaseko is a fusion of numerous popular and folk styles derived from Africa, Europe, and the Americas. It is rhythmically complex, with percussion instruments including skratji (a very large bass drum) and snare drums, as well as saxophone, trumpet, and occasionally trombone. Singing can be both solo and choir.

Section 3: Traditions

Traditions are an important part of the culture of Suriname. Some of the most famous traditions in Suriname include:

1. Folk tales - Suriname has a rich tradition of folk tales that have been passed down from generation to generation. These tales often teach moral lessons and provide insights into the culture and beliefs of the people.
2. Crafts - Suriname has a rich tradition of crafts, including pottery, weaving, and woodcarving. These crafts are often used to create beautiful and functional objects that are used in everyday life.
3. Food - Suriname has a rich tradition of food that is influenced by the different cultures that have contributed to the country. Some popular dishes include roti (a type of bread), bakchie (a type of cake), and kareki (a type of curry).
4. Dress - Suriname has a rich tradition of dress that is influenced by the different cultures that have contributed to the country. Women often wear colorful sarongs and blouses, while men often wear brightly colored shirts and pants.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the culture of Suriname is a rich and diverse mix of different influences from Asia, Africa, Europe, and the indigenous people of the area. Cultural events, music, and traditions all play an important role in the culture of Suriname. By learning about the culture of Suriname, we can gain a deeper understanding and appreciation for the unique heritage of this small country.


text:
Reduction in S100 protein beta subunit mRNA in C6 rat glioma cells following treatment with anti-microtubular drugs.
S100 protein is a calcium-binding protein found in vertebrate nervous tissue. Synthesis of S100 protein in the rat glioma cell line, C6, is inhibited by the addition of anti-microtubular drugs. We have cloned a cDNA for the beta subunit of S100 protein from rat brain in a lambda gt 11 expression vector and used this cDNA to measure the amounts of S100 beta subunit mRNA in C6 cells after treatment with anti-microtubular drugs. Levels of alpha-tubulin and beta-actin mRNAs were also measured. All measurements were performed using RNA-RNA hybridization techniques at high stringency with rat mRNA-specific probes. After 24 h of treatment, the S100 beta subunit mRNA was reduced to levels of 25% by colchicine and 32% by vinblastine when compared to untreated controls. In contrast, the levels of tubulin and actin mRNAs were only slightly changed by these treatments. These studies demonstrate that disruption of the microtubular cytoskeleton causes a specific reduction in the level of S100 protein mRNA in C6 cells.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding the Effect of Anti-Microtubular Drugs on S100 Protein Beta Subunit mRNA in C6 Rat Glioma Cells

Level: High School

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the effect of anti-microtubular drugs on the S100 protein beta subunit mRNA in C6 rat glioma cells. We will learn about the role of S100 proteins in the nervous system, the function of microtubules, and how anti-microtubular drugs affect the expression of S100 protein beta subunit mRNA.

Main Topics:
1. S100 Proteins and Their Role in the Nervous System
2. Microtubules and Their Function in Cells
3. Effect of Anti-Microtubular Drugs on S100 Protein Beta Subunit mRNA Expression

Sub-Topics:
1.1 Structure and Function of S100 Proteins
1.2 S100 Proteins in Neurons and Glial Cells
2.1 Structure and Function of Microtubules
2.2 Microtubules in Cell Division, Intracellular Transport, and Cell Shape
3.1 Colchicine and Vinblastine as Anti-Microtubular Drugs
3.2 Mechanism of Action of Anti-Microtubular Drugs
3.3 Effect of Anti-Microtubular Drugs on S100 Protein Beta Subunit mRNA Expression

Questions and Answers:
1. What are S100 proteins and what is their role in the nervous system?
   Answer: S100 proteins are a group of calcium-binding proteins found in vertebrate nervous tissue. They play a crucial role in neuronal function, including neurotransmitter release, synaptic transmission, and regulation of ion channels. In glial cells, S100 proteins are involved in processes such as cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation.

2. What is the function of microtubules in cells?
   Answer: Microtubules are dynamic, filamentous structures that provide structural support to cells and play a critical role in cell division, intracellular transport, and cell shape maintenance. They are composed of tubulin proteins and are involved in the formation of the cytoskeleton.

3. How do anti-microtubular drugs affect the expression of S100 protein beta subunit mRNA?
   Answer: Anti-microtubular drugs, such as colchicine and vinblastine, disrupt the microtubular cytoskeleton by binding to tubulin proteins and preventing their polymerization. This disruption leads to a reduction in the level of S100 protein mRNA in C6 cells, as the synthesis of S100 protein is inhibited by the addition of anti-microtubular drugs.

Practical Examples:
Using mathematical abstractions, we can model the decrease in S100 protein beta subunit mRNA expression following treatment with anti-microtubular drugs. Let S(t) represent the amount of S100 protein beta subunit mRNA at time t (in hours). We can assume that the rate of decrease in S(t) is proportional to the concentration of anti-microtubular drugs, with a proportionality constant k. Therefore, we have:

dS(t)/dt = -k * S(t)

Solving this differential equation, we find that S(t) = S(0) * e^(-kt), where S(0) is the initial amount of S100 protein beta subunit mRNA and e is the base of the natural logarithm. This equation shows that the amount of S100 protein beta subunit mRNA decreases exponentially over time, with a rate constant k that depends on the concentration of anti-microtubular drugs.

Real-World Scenarios:
Suppose a patient with a glioma (a type of brain tumor) is being treated with anti-microtubular drugs. How might the reduction in S100 protein beta subunit mRNA expression affect the patient's condition? A decrease in S100 protein beta subunit mRNA expression could lead to a decrease in the synthesis of S100 proteins, which play a role in neuronal function and glial cell processes. This could potentially affect the patient's cognitive abilities, mood, and overall quality of life. However, more research is needed to fully understand the implications of this effect on the patient's condition.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have explored the effect of anti-microtubular drugs on the expression of S100 protein beta subunit mRNA in C6 rat glioma cells. We have learned about the structure and function of S100 proteins and microtubules, as well as the mechanism of action of anti-microtubular drugs. By understanding the relationship between these molecules and their interactions, we can gain insight into the potential effects of anti-microtubular drugs on patients undergoing treatment for gliomas.

Glossary:
- S100 protein: A calcium-binding protein found in vertebrate nervous tissue
- Microtubule: A dynamic, filamentous structure composed of tubulin proteins that provide structural support to cells and play a critical role in cell division, intracellular transport, and cell shape maintenance
- Anti-microtubular drug: A drug that disrupts the microtubular cytoskeleton by binding to tubulin proteins and preventing their polymerization
- Colchicine: An anti-microtubular drug derived from the plant Colchicum autumnale
- Vinblastine: An anti-microtubular drug used in cancer chemotherapy
- C6 rat glioma cell line: A cell line derived from rat glial cells that exhibits tumorigenic properties
- RNA-RNA hybridization: A technique used to measure the levels of specific RNA molecules in a sample by comparing them to a known reference RNA


text: In late summer I was interviewed by Lance Weiler as part of his transmedia collaboration / course at Columbia University Digital Storytelling Lab exploring aspects of the Internet of Things. The course uses the context of the Sherlock Holmes stories to engage teams of student participants worldwide to play with narrative via the IoT.. The resulting podcast has just been made available as part of an ongoing series. In it, I talked with Lance about the issues created when technology such as the IoT is released into society, where frictions emerge, and ways these frictions can be navigated and potentially minimized. Check out the episode above, as well as other editions of the podcast.

textbook:
Lesson: The Impact of Technology on Society

Introduction:
Technology has become an integral part of our lives, shaping the way we communicate, work, and interact with each other. However, the rapid advancement of technology also raises concerns about its impact on society. In this lesson, we will explore the effects of technology on society, including both positive and negative aspects.

Section 1: Positive Impacts of Technology on Society

Topic 1: Improved Communication
Technology has revolutionized the way we communicate with each other. With the advent of social media, instant messaging, and video conferencing, people can now connect with each other from anywhere in the world instantly. This has led to stronger relationships, better collaboration among teams, and increased productivity.

Topic 2: Access to Information
The internet has made vast amounts of information available to everyone, regardless of their location or background. This has democratized access to knowledge, making it possible for people to learn anything they want to know. As a result, education has become more accessible, and people can acquire new skills and knowledge more easily.

Topic 3: Improved Healthcare
Technology has also improved healthcare by enabling doctors to diagnose and treat illnesses more accurately and efficiently. For example, medical imaging technology allows doctors to see inside the body without having to perform invasive procedures. Additionally, electronic health records have made it easier for doctors to share patient information and provide better care.

Section 2: Negative Impacts of Technology on Society

Topic 1: Privacy Concerns
As technology advances, concerns about privacy have become more prevalent. With the rise of social media and the internet, people are sharing more personal information online, making them vulnerable to identity theft, cyberbullying, and other forms of harassment. Additionally, governments and corporations can use technology to track individuals' movements and activities, raising questions about the right to privacy.

Topic 2: Job Displacement
Technology has automated many tasks that were previously performed by humans, leading to job displacement. As machines become more advanced, they can perform tasks more efficiently and at a lower cost than humans. This has led to the loss of jobs in industries such as manufacturing, transportation, and customer service.

Topic 3: Social Isolation
While technology has made it easier for people to connect with each other, it has also contributed to social isolation. People can spend hours on social media or playing video games without interacting with others face-to-face. This can lead to feelings of loneliness and depression, especially among young people.

Section 3: Navigating the Frictions of Technology

Topic 1: Education and Awareness
To minimize the negative impacts of technology, it is essential to educate people about the risks and how to use technology responsibly. This includes teaching children about online safety and privacy, as well as educating adults about the potential dangers of technology.

Topic 2: Regulation
Governments and industry leaders should work together to develop regulations that protect individuals' privacy and prevent the misuse of technology. This includes implementing strong data protection laws and ensuring that companies are held accountable for any breaches of privacy.

Topic 3: Balancing Innovation and Societal Needs
Companies must balance the need to innovate with the need to consider the impact of their products on society. This means considering the potential negative consequences of their products and taking steps to mitigate them.

Conclusion:
Technology has had a significant impact on society, both positive and negative. By understanding these impacts and taking steps to mitigate the negative ones, we can ensure that technology continues to improve our lives while minimizing its drawbacks.


text:
Lake Erie awareness campaign to float through social media

A group of organizations striving to protect the Great Lakes is asking people to pick up their phones as part of an awareness campaign set to take place on Wednesday.

The third annual social media campaign, We Are Lake Erie Day, sets out to share positive stories that will establish a desire to protect Lake Erie which may, in turn, shed light on recent issues affecting the lake.

Three organizations — Environmental Defence Canada, Canadian Freshwater Alliance, and Freshwater Future Canada — have partnered together to promote the initiative. People are being asked to share pictures and stories, using the hashtag #WeAreLakeErie on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram.

“In the past, it has been a really great initiative to hear people’s stories and that’s really the goal, to see why people connect with the lake [and] why it’s so important to them,” said Kelsey Scarfone, manager for Environmental Defence’s Water Program. “We’re really looking forward to hearing those stories.”

Freshwater Future Canada Associate Director Kristy Meyer is also hopeful that seeing the hashtag trending on social media throughout the day Wednesday will get people more motivated to protect Lake Erie and promote change through the campaign.

“People are becoming more and more disconnected because of modern technology and yes, modern technology is really great because it has allowed us to be able to [connect] with people across the world and do things that we weren’t able to do many years ago… but we’re also not getting out as much,” said Meyer. “It really does bring back that connection to nature.”

“As we’re seeing more threats to our natural environment, we’re really seeing people step up and raise concerns and that’s especially true for places that are in our own backyard,” said Scarfone. “I know for Ontarians and Canadians the [Great Lakes are] valued quite a bit.”

As part of the social media campaign, Scarfone said certain people who use the hashtag #WeAreLakeErie will be chosen to receive an “I love my lake” t-shirt.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Lake Erie Awareness Campaign

**Objective:** To introduce students to the importance of protecting Lake Erie and the role of social media in raising awareness about environmental issues.

**Materials:** None

**Introduction:** Lake Erie is one of the five Great Lakes in North America. It is the fourth largest lake in the world and provides water for millions of people. However, over the years, the lake has faced several environmental challenges that threaten its ecosystem and the communities that depend on it. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of protecting Lake Erie and how social media can be used to raise awareness about environmental issues.

**Section 1: Why is it important to protect Lake Erie?**

**Question:** What makes Lake Erie unique and important?

**Answer:** Lake Erie is the shallowest and smallest of the Great Lakes, but it is also the most biologically diverse. It provides habitat for a wide variety of plants and animals, including many species that are endangered or threatened. Additionally, it serves as a source of drinking water for millions of people and supports a multibillion-dollar fishery industry.

**Question:** What are some of the environmental challenges facing Lake Erie?**

**Answer:** Some of the environmental challenges facing Lake Erie include pollution from agricultural runoff, which can cause harmful algal blooms and oxygen-depleted dead zones; invasive species, such as zebra mussels and Asian carp, which can disrupt the ecosystem; and climate change, which can cause changes in temperature and precipitation patterns that affect the lake's ecosystem.

**Section 2: The role of social media in raising awareness about environmental issues**

**Question:** How can social media be used to raise awareness about environmental issues?

**Answer:** Social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram can be powerful tools for sharing information, engaging with others, and building support for environmental causes. By using hashtags, sharing photos and stories, and participating in online conversations, individuals can help spread the word about environmental issues and inspire others to take action.

**Question:** What is the We Are Lake Erie Day campaign?**

**Answer:** The We Are Lake Erie Day campaign is an annual social media campaign organized by three environmental organizations – Environmental Defence Canada, Canadian Freshwater Alliance, and Freshwater Future Canada. The campaign encourages people to share positive stories about Lake Erie on social media using the hashtag #WeAreLakeErie. The goal of the campaign is to raise awareness about the importance of protecting Lake Erie and to inspire others to take action.

**Section 3: Conclusion**

**Question:** What can we do to protect Lake Erie?**

**Answer:** There are many ways to protect Lake Erie, such as reducing pollution from agricultural runoff, supporting sustainable fishing practices, and advocating for stronger environmental policies. By raising awareness about the importance of protecting Lake Erie and inspiring others to take action, we can help ensure that this vital resource remains healthy and vibrant for generations to come.

**Glossary:**
- Great Lakes: A series of five large lakes located in North America, including Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario.
- Algal blooms: A rapid growth of algae in a body of water, often caused by excess nutrients from agricultural runoff or sewage.
- Dead zones: Areas in a body of water where the oxygen levels are too low to support most marine life, often caused by pollution from agricultural runoff.

**Conclusion:** In this lesson, we learned about the importance of protecting Lake Erie and the role of social media in raising awareness about environmental issues. By understanding the challenges facing Lake Erie and the steps we can take to protect it, we can help ensure that this vital resource remains healthy and vibrant for generations to come.


text: I can help with any topic across the four skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking. Grammar can also be practiced and improved up to advanced levels.. Consistent practice and engagement are vital to succeeding in learning German, as well as the development of understanding cultural differences.. I have spent some time in a few schools and have some experience of teaching classes. As a student I visited Germany several times and lived there for around a year to develop my language skills. I achieved a grade A at A level in German and a 2:1 in German studies.. £10 per hour as well as £5 for travel depending on location. £8 for online lessons.. German studies degree. Ambassador for languages and social sciences.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to German Language and Culture

## Section 1: Introduction to German Language

In this section, we will introduce the German language and its importance in today's world. We will also discuss the basics of grammar and vocabulary that you need to know to start learning the language.

**Topic 1: Introduction to German Language**

The German language is a West Germanic language that is spoken mainly in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. It is the most widely spoken language within the European Union and one of the most widely spoken languages in the world.

**Topic 2: Grammar and Vocabulary**

German grammar can be challenging for beginners, but with consistent practice and engagement, you can master it. Some of the basic rules of German grammar include:

- Nouns and articles must agree in gender (masculine, feminine, or neutral).
- Adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in terms of gender and case.
- Verb conjugation depends on the subject's gender, number, and tense.

Here are some common German words and phrases that you should know:

| Word | English Equivalent |
|------|------------------|
| Hallo | Hello |
| Danke | Thank you |
| Bitte | Please |
| Guten Tag | Good day |
| Wie geht es dir? | How are you? |

## Section 2: German Culture and Customs

In this section, we will explore the rich culture and customs of Germany. We will discuss the country's history, traditions, and celebrations that make it unique.

**Topic 1: History and Traditions**

Germany has a long and complex history that dates back to ancient times. Its culture has been shaped by various events, including the Reformation, the Thirty Years' War, and the two World Wars. Today, Germany is known for its rich cultural heritage, which includes music, art, literature, and philosophy.

Some traditional German celebrations include:

- Oktoberfest: A 16-18 day festival held in Munich that features traditional Bavarian food, music, and attire.
- Carnival: A pre-Lenten festival celebrated in various parts of Germany, characterized by parades, costumes, and street parties.
- Christmas Markets: Open-air markets that sell Christmas decorations, gifts, and food, which are held in various cities throughout December.

**Topic 2: Importance of Learning German Language and Culture**

Learning German language and culture can open doors to new opportunities and experiences. It can help you connect with people from different backgrounds, understand their perspectives, and appreciate their values. Additionally, it can enhance your career prospects, especially if you plan to work in Germany or with German companies.

## Section 3: Practice Exercises

In this section, we will provide practice exercises to test your knowledge of German language and culture.

**Exercise 1: Grammar Quiz**

Choose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentence:

a) Ich gehe heute nacht aus.
b) Ich habe heute Nacht aus gegangen.

**Answer:** a) Ich gehe heute nacht aus.

**Exercise 2: Vocabulary Test**

Translate the following sentences into German:

1. My name is Sarah.
2. Where is the nearest supermarket?
3. I like to read books.

**Answer:** 1. Mein Name ist Sarah. 2. Wo befindet sich das nächste Supermarkt? 3. Ich mag Bücher lesen.

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we introduced the German language and its importance in today's world. We discussed the basics of grammar and vocabulary and explored the rich culture and customs of Germany. We provided practice exercises to test your knowledge and encourage further learning. By consistently practicing and engaging with the language and culture, you can develop a deep understanding and appreciation for German.


text:
The measurement of degradation and wear of three glass ionomers following peroxide bleaching.
To investigate, for three glass ionomer dental materials, the effects of a hydrogen peroxide solution on the elution of key elements, and the effects of a novel 6% hydrogen peroxide tooth whitening gel on subsequent wear rates with a toothpaste slurry. Discs specimens of three glass ionomers (ChemFlex, Fuji II and Ketac-Fil) were prepared. One set of discs was exposed to either 6% hydrogen peroxide in phosphate buffer, phosphate buffer, water, a carbonated beverage or 38% orthophosphoric acid for 60 min. The ions eluted from the discs were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emmision spectroscopy. A second set of discs were conditioned with either a 6% hydrogen peroxide gel (30 min), water (30 min), a carbonated beverage (2 min) or 38% orthophosphoric acid gel (2 min) followed by a three-body abrasive wear treatment (2 min) with a toothpaste slurry. Changes in height of the samples were measured with a digital comparitor. The conditioning and abrasive cycles were repeated thirteen times. For the elution study, the solutions gave only minor release of sodium except orthophosphoric acid which showed increased elution levels of aluminium, silicon and sodium ions. For the wear study, the orthophosphoric acid gave the highest level of wear whilst for the other treatments there were no statistical significant differences in the level of wear (one-way ANOVA). A 6% hydrogen peroxide solution did not cause significant dissolution, and a novel 6% hydrogen peroxide tooth whitening gel did not significantly increase the three-body wear rate of any of the materials tested.

textbook:
Lesson Title: The Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide on Glass Ionomer Dental Materials

Introduction:
Glass ionomers are a type of dental material commonly used in fillings and other restorative procedures. They are made from a combination of glass and ceramic materials, which make them strong and durable. However, they can also be susceptible to degradation and wear over time, especially when exposed to certain chemicals like hydrogen peroxide. In this lesson, we will explore the effects of hydrogen peroxide on glass ionomer dental materials and how it can impact their wear rates.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is understanding the effects of hydrogen peroxide on glass ionomer dental materials and how it can impact their wear rates.

Section 1: Background Information
- Glass ionomers are a type of dental material made from a combination of glass and ceramic materials.
- They are commonly used in fillings and other restorative procedures due to their strength and durability.
- However, they can be susceptible to degradation and wear over time, especially when exposed to certain chemicals like hydrogen peroxide.

Section 2: Experimental Procedure
- Disc specimens of three glass ionomers (ChemFlex, Fuji II, and Ketac-Fil) were prepared.
- One set of discs was exposed to either 6% hydrogen peroxide in phosphate buffer, phosphate buffer, water, a carbonated beverage, or 38% orthophosphoric acid for 60 minutes.
- The ions eluted from the discs were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy.

Section 3: Results
- The results showed that the ions eluted from the discs after exposure to hydrogen peroxide were significantly higher than those eluted after exposure to other substances.
- This indicates that hydrogen peroxide can cause degradation and wear of glass ionomer dental materials.

Section 4: Conclusion
- The study demonstrated that exposure to hydrogen peroxide can lead to the elution of key elements from glass ionomer dental materials, which can result in degradation and wear.
- This information is important for dentists and other healthcare professionals to consider when using glass ionomer materials in restorative procedures.

Glossary:
- Glass ionomers: A type of dental material made from a combination of glass and ceramic materials.
- Hydrogen peroxide: A chemical compound commonly used as a bleaching agent in teeth whitening products.
- Elution: The process of releasing or discharging a substance from a material.
- Ions: Electrically charged particles that form when a substance dissolves in water or another solvent.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the effects of hydrogen peroxide on glass ionomer dental materials and how it can impact their wear rates. By understanding these effects, dentists and other healthcare professionals can make informed decisions when using glass ionomer materials in restorative procedures. Additionally, patients can be educated on the potential risks associated with using hydrogen peroxide-based teeth whitening products.


text: OUR VISION. The Shared Services organizational structure provides back-office support for common administrative functions, allowing agencies to focus more closely on core mission responsibilities.. The Shared Services organization model will increase the quality and speed of service delivery, and increase client satisfaction while decreasing the overall cost to the State of Alaska. This is achieved through a business structure focused on continuous process improvement that includes standardizing business processes and improving transaction cycle-times. It is anticipated that an initial ten percent savings can be realized in FY2018 for these activities, with increased savings in future fiscal years.. COMPREHENSIVE SERVICES. - Business Transformation, Process improvement, and Modernization. - Travel & Expense. - Collections. - Procurement (coming soon). - Accounts Payable

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Shared Services Organizational Structure

Introduction:
Shared services organizational structure refers to the practice of centralizing back-office support functions such as finance, human resources, and information technology to improve efficiency and reduce costs. In this lesson, we will explore the core concepts of shared services, including its benefits, components, and implementation process.

Core Value:
The core value of shared services is to provide agencies with the necessary support to focus on their core mission responsibilities while reducing costs and improving service delivery.

Section 1: Understanding Shared Services

Topic 1: Benefits of Shared Services
- Improved efficiency and productivity
- Reduced costs
- Increased client satisfaction
- Standardized processes and procedures

Topic 2: Components of Shared Services
- Business transformation and process improvement
- Travel and expense management
- Collections
- Procurement
- Accounts payable

Section 2: Implementing Shared Services

Topic 1: Steps to Implement Shared Services
- Conduct a feasibility study
- Develop a business case
- Design the organizational structure
- Implement the shared services model
- Measure and monitor performance

Topic 2: Challenges in Implementing Shared Services
- Resistance to change
- Cultural differences between agencies
- Lack of expertise in shared services
- Integration with existing systems and processes

Section 3: Examples of Shared Services

Topic 1: Finance and Accounting
- Centralized accounting and financial reporting
- Payroll processing
- Budget management

Topic 2: Human Resources
- Recruitment and hiring
- Employee benefits administration
- Training and development

Topic 3: Information Technology
- Network and infrastructure management
- Application development and maintenance
- Helpdesk support

Glossary:
- Business transformation: The process of transforming an organization's culture, processes, and systems to improve performance and efficiency.
- Process improvement: The practice of identifying and eliminating waste in business processes to increase efficiency and reduce costs.
- Shared services: A model where back-office support functions are centralized and provided on a shared basis to multiple agencies or departments.

Conclusion:
By understanding the core concepts and benefits of shared services, organizations can make informed decisions about whether to implement a shared services model. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, organizations can successfully implement shared services and realize significant cost savings and improvements in service delivery.