text:
• ‘This certainly will be one of the biggest challenges of my career’ • David Platt says he is ‘very excited’ at prospect of working with Mutu

The former Chelsea forward Adrian Mutu has joined FC Pune City as their marquee player for the second season of the Indian Super League.

FC Pune City, managed by the former England captain and Nottingham Forest manager David Platt, have also signed the former Tottenham Hotspur and Ivory Coast midfielder Didier Zokora for the second season of the eight-team league beginning in October. “The commitment of the management for having me as a part of the club was one of the primary reasons for me to join,” Mutu said in a club statement.

The 36-year-old Romanian, who has played for a string of Italian clubs including Internazionale, Fiorentina and Juventus, was fired by Chelsea in 2004 following a positive test for cocaine.

“This certainly will be one of the biggest challenges of my career and I look forward to it,” he said. “The team has gathered some quality signings from India as well as abroad and excellent backroom staff will make us an exciting side.”

Platt said he was looking forward to working with the player. “Adrian has experience at the highest level and a professional motivation to succeed,” said the former midfielder. “I’ve admired him from afar for some years and am very excited at the prospect of us working together for the benefit of FC Pune City.”

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Mathematical Abstraction

Mathematical abstraction is the process of removing unnecessary details from a problem to make it easier to solve. It involves breaking down complex problems into simpler parts, identifying patterns, and generalizing solutions. This skill is essential for problem-solving in various fields, including science, engineering, and finance. In this lesson, we will learn about mathematical abstraction, its applications, and how to apply it to real-world scenarios.

Section 1: What is Mathematical Abstraction?

Mathematical abstraction is the process of simplifying a problem by removing irrelevant details and focusing on essential aspects. It involves identifying patterns and generalizing solutions to similar problems. This skill is crucial for problem-solving in various fields, such as science, engineering, and finance.

Section 2: Applications of Mathematical Abstraction

Mathematical abstraction has numerous applications in various fields. Some examples include:

1. Science: Scientists use mathematical abstraction to model complex natural phenomena and make predictions. For example, physicists use abstract models like quantum mechanics to understand the behavior of particles at the atomic level.

2. Engineering: Engineers use mathematical abstraction to design and optimize systems. For example, they may use abstract models to design a bridge that can withstand heavy loads without collapsing.

3. Finance: Financial analysts use mathematical abstraction to analyze financial data and make investment decisions. For example, they may use abstract models to predict stock prices based on market trends.

Section 3: How to Apply Mathematical Abstraction to Real-World Scenarios

To apply mathematical abstraction to real-world scenarios, follow these steps:

1. Identify the essential aspects of the problem: Determine which details are relevant to solving the problem and which ones can be ignored.

2. Look for patterns: Identify any patterns or relationships between the essential aspects of the problem.

3. Generalize solutions: Once you have identified patterns, you can generalize solutions to similar problems.

4. Test your solution: Apply your solution to the problem and see if it works. If it doesn't, refine your solution and try again.

Section 4: Self-Debating Discussion

Discuss the importance of mathematical abstraction in problem-solving. Why is it essential to identify the essential aspects of a problem? How does mathematical abstraction help in making accurate predictions and decisions?

Conclusion:

In conclusion, mathematical abstraction is a powerful tool for problem-solving in various fields. By simplifying problems and focusing on essential aspects, we can make accurate predictions and decisions. As you continue to learn mathematics, remember to apply this skill to real-world scenarios to solve complex problems effectively.


text: With.. Read our guide to choosing a bathroom mirror. Hints and tips for selecting the best position, shape, style and even colour for your space.. Would you like to use a large mirror in your space but not sure how to go about it? Check out our guide to help you select the right big mirror and position it to best effect.. Ever wondered how mirrors are made? Read on to find out about how mirrors were made both in the past and present. Find out about the materials, skills and technologies used to create an item that we all use on a daily basis.. Find out more about Deknudt Mirrors, their history and their fantastic collections that are available here at the Mirror Shop... Looking for a way to hang mirrors in your space that helps to achieve a sense of balance and harmony? Then find out more about where and how to hang mirrors to achieve good Feng Shui... Ever wondered what Baroque style is? Read on to find out more about the Baroque style across architecture, art, music and of course interior design and mirrors.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Title: Choosing and Placing Mirrors in Your Space

### Lesson 1: Selecting the Right Mirror for Your Space

#### Section 1.1: Understanding Mirror Styles and Sizes

In this section, we will explore the different styles and sizes of mirrors available on the market. This will help you make an informed decision when choosing a mirror for your space.

**Question:** What are the different styles of mirrors available?

**Answer:** There are many different styles of mirrors available, including frameless, beveled, oval, round, and rectangular. The style you choose will depend on the overall design of your space and your personal preferences.

**Question:** What are the different sizes of mirrors available?

**Answer:** Mirrors come in a variety of sizes, ranging from small wall mirrors to large floor-to-ceiling mirrors. The size you choose will depend on the amount of space you have and the effect you want to achieve.

**Question:** How do I know which style and size will work best in my space?

**Answer:** Consider the overall design of your space and the function of the mirror. For example, if you are looking for a mirror to use as a vanity in your bathroom, a larger mirror with a frame may be more appropriate than a smaller, frameless mirror.

#### Section 1.2: Choosing the Right Position for Your Mirror

In this section, we will discuss the importance of choosing the right position for your mirror. The position you choose will depend on the function of the mirror and the overall design of your space.

**Question:** What are some factors to consider when choosing a position for my mirror?

**Answer:** Some factors to consider include the amount of natural light in the room, the location of other fixtures (such as lights or sinks), and the overall flow of the space.

**Question:** How do I know which direction to hang my mirror?

**Answer:** If your mirror is intended to be a reflective surface, it should be hung facing the light source (usually a window) so that the reflection can be seen clearly. If your mirror is intended to be a decorative element, it can be hung in any direction.

#### Section 1.3: Creating Balance and Harmony with Mirrors

In this section, we will explore the concept of Feng Shui and how it relates to mirrors. We will also discuss how to hang mirrors in a way that creates balance and harmony in your space.

**Question:** What is Feng Shui?

**Answer:** Feng Shui is an ancient Chinese practice that focuses on the flow of energy (or "chi") within a space. It aims to create balance and harmony by arranging furniture and decor in a specific way.

**Question:** How do mirrors fit into the practice of Feng Shui?

**Answer:** Mirrors are believed to enhance the flow of chi by reflecting and amplifying the energy in a space. They can also create the illusion of more space and light.

**Question:** How do I hang mirrors in a way that creates balance and harmony?

**Answer:** To create balance and harmony with mirrors, it is recommended to hang them in pairs or groups rather than singly. Place them opposite each other or at an angle to create a sense of movement and energy.

#### Conclusion

In this lesson, we have explored the different styles, sizes, and positions of mirrors, as well as how to create balance and harmony with mirrors using Feng Shui principles. By understanding these concepts, you can choose and place mirrors in your space in a way that enhances its overall design and function.


text: Diploma in Front Office Management – 3 Months. Front office Staff will deal the questions of customers and direct them in a right way.. Diploma in Front Office Management – 3 Months. Front Office (or) Reception is an area where visitors / Customers arrive at first and enquire the staff that’s in that place. Front office Staff will deal the questions of customers and direct them in a right way.. Candidly they play a vital role for making revenues of the Hotel . Customers must expect to be handled by pleasant Staff.. They never interact with Customers. The most important work of the front Staff will be in contact with customers and assist them as per their requirements.. Catering and Hotel Management at Minerva is the pioneer for providing Hospitality Courses .It entered into this platform for making bright professionals for catering and food Industry.. Hotel Industry is highly emerging Industry due to the abrupt increase in Job.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Front Office Management
## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
In the hospitality industry, front office management is the department responsible for managing the reception, reservation, and registration of guests. It also handles customer service, communication, and other administrative tasks. This lesson will introduce you to the concepts of front office management, its importance, and the skills required to excel in this field.
### Questions and Answers
1. What is front office management?
2. Why is front office management important in the hospitality industry?
3. What are the skills required to excel in front office management?
## Section 2: Practical Examples
Let's consider a real-life scenario. You are working as a front office manager in a hotel. A guest arrives at the reception and wants to know the availability of rooms for the next two nights. How would you handle this situation?
1. Greet the guest warmly and offer them a seat.
2. Check the availability of rooms in the system and inform the guest about the available rooms.
3. Offer the guest a complimentary drink while they wait for the room allocation.
4. Provide the guest with a key card and room number upon room allocation.
5. Hand over the welcome letter and other necessary documents to the guest.
6. Thank the guest for choosing the hotel and wish them a pleasant stay.
## Section 3: Mathematical Abstractions
Let's consider a mathematical abstraction related to front office management. Suppose the hotel has 100 rooms, and the occupancy rate is 90%. How many rooms are occupied?
To calculate the number of occupied rooms, we can use the following formula:
Number of Occupied Rooms = Total Number of Rooms x Occupancy Rate
Number of Occupied Rooms = 100 x 0.9
Number of Occupied Rooms = 90
Therefore, there are 90 rooms occupied in the hotel.
## Glossary
- Front Office: The department responsible for managing the reception, reservation, and registration of guests in the hospitality industry.
- Hospitality Industry: The industry that provides services such as lodging, food and beverage, event planning, and other recreational activities.
- Administrative Tasks: Tasks that involve managing office supplies, finances, and other administrative duties.
## Conclusion
Front office management is a crucial department in the hospitality industry. It involves managing the reception, reservation, and registration of guests while providing excellent customer service. The skills required to excel in this field include excellent communication, problem-solving, and organizational skills. By understanding the concepts, applying practical examples, and using mathematical abstractions, you can become a successful front office manager.


text: The Bizarre Cathedral - 88. Latest from the Bizarre Cathedral.. Sorry it's been a bit of a while since the last strip. Family illness interrupted things a little. Happy new year!. Latest from the Bizarre Cathedral.. Sorry it's been a bit of a while since the last strip. Family illness interrupted things a little. Happy new year!. The... Since.)... There.. Having.... I.. We?. Latest from the Bizarre Cathedral.. Looks like the mutt has had another late night.. I.. Latest from the Bizarre Cathedral..

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Time Management

Introduction:
Time management is an essential skill that helps us prioritize tasks, set goals, and achieve them efficiently. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of time management, its benefits, and how to implement effective time management strategies in our daily lives.

Section 1: Understanding Time Management

Topic 1: What is Time Management?
Time management refers to the process of planning and organizing our activities to make the most efficient use of our time. It involves setting goals, prioritizing tasks, and scheduling our time effectively.

Topic 2: Why is Time Management Important?
Effective time management helps us achieve more in a day, reduces stress, and leads to a more balanced life. It allows us to focus on what is most important and avoid wasting time on unproductive activities.

Topic 3: Benefits of Time Management
Some benefits of time management include increased productivity, better work-life balance, reduced stress, improved relationships, and higher quality work.

Section 2: Strategies for Effective Time Management

Topic 1: Set Clear Goals and Priorities
To manage our time effectively, we need to know what we want to achieve. Setting clear goals and priorities helps us stay focused and motivated.

Topic 2: Create a Schedule and Stick to It
Creating a schedule and sticking to it helps us allocate our time wisely and avoid procrastination. It also helps us avoid last-minute rushes and unnecessary stress.

Topic 3: Eliminate Distractions
Distractions can derail our focus and productivity. Identifying and eliminating distractions helps us stay on track and accomplish our goals.

Section 3: Practical Examples

Example 1: A student who wants to study for an upcoming exam can create a schedule that allocates specific times for studying each day. They can also eliminate distractions such as social media or unnecessary noise by studying in a quiet environment.

Example 2: A working professional can prioritize their tasks by identifying which ones are most urgent and important. They can create a schedule that allocates time for each task and avoids multitasking, which can reduce productivity.

Section 4: Self-Debate Discussion

Question: How can we ensure that we stick to our schedule and avoid procrastination?
Answer: To stick to our schedule and avoid procrastination, we need to identify and eliminate the root cause of procrastination. This could be lack of motivation, fear of failure, or poor time management skills. By addressing these issues, we can improve our discipline and stick to our schedule.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, time management is an essential skill that helps us achieve more in a day and lead a more balanced life. By understanding the importance of time management, implementing effective strategies, and avoiding distractions, we can improve our productivity, reduce stress, and achieve our goals efficiently.


text: Cares. The employees at Northwest Bank participate in a program called Northwest Cares, a benevolent fund started in 1994. They donate their own money to this program, that the Bank then matches, which is designed to help individuals with specific needs through referrals. The mission of Northwest Cares is “To extend a helping hand, through donations, to those with special needs in our communities.”. You can help Northwest Cares by letting us know who in your community is facing a difficult situation by filling out the Special Needs Referral form below. Please refer situations you are aware of, for example a child who needs a winter coat, a house fire, medical expense assistance, etc. These referrals are then passed on to a committee of employees who review the referral and respond to the specific needs of those involved.. Northwest Cares thanks you for your help and consideration!. All fields marked with * are required.. Site by Spinutech

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Giving Back
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the importance of giving back to our community. We will learn about the Northwest Cares program and how it helps people in need. We will also discuss ways to give back and the benefits of doing so.
Section 1: The Northwest Cares Program
The Northwest Cares program is a benevolent fund started in 1994 by the employees of Northwest Bank. The program is designed to help individuals with specific needs through referrals. The mission of Northwest Cares is “To extend a helping hand, through donations, to those with special needs in our communities.”
Section 2: Ways to Give Back
There are many ways to give back to our community. Here are a few examples:
- Volunteer at a local charity or non-profit organization.
- Donate money or items to a food bank or homeless shelter.
- Participate in a community clean-up event.
- Mentor a child or teenager.
- Support local businesses.
Section 3: Benefits of Giving Back
Giving back to our community has many benefits. Here are a few examples:
- It makes us feel good to help others.
- It strengthens our community.
- It teaches us the value of empathy and compassion.
- It can improve our mental health and well-being.
- It can inspire others to give back as well.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, giving back to our community is an important part of being a good citizen. Whether it's through volunteering, donating, or supporting local businesses, there are many ways to make a difference. By following the example of the Northwest Cares program, we can extend a helping hand to those in need and create a stronger, more united community.
Glossary:
- Benevolent Fund: A fund set up to provide financial assistance to people in need.
- Non-profit Organization: An organization that does not operate for profit, but instead uses any surplus revenues to achieve its goals.
- Community: A group of people living in the same area or having the same interest.
- Empathy: The ability to understand and share the feelings of another person.
- Compassion: A feeling of deep sympathy and sorrow for another who is stricken by misfortune.
- Mental Health: The condition of someone's emotional, psychological, and social well-being.


text: Local company was relocating recently and happened to get rid of a lot of their old office furnitures. I happened to pick up a few chairs when I helped them move. The chairs I had picked up were sitting in my covered patio in the back yard for few months until I discovered, to my surprise, that they were actually Eames chairs made by Herman Miller. For those who like Eames chairs, these office chairs are not the kind that are usually sought after but I was still very pleased to find them in my own backyard. I am not sure what I am going to do with them and don't have any clue as to if they are worth anything. . . In any case, once I found out about them, I brought them into the house and cleaned them up. I think I will let them sit around the house for a while and decide what I should do next.. Interesting Discovery

textbook:
Lesson: Finding Value in Unusual Places

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of being open to finding value in unusual places. We will explore how to identify potential value in unexpected situations and how to turn that value into something useful.

Section 1: Identifying Value in Unusual Places
Topic 1: Being Open to New Experiences
- Why is it important to be open to new experiences?
- How can we become more open to new experiences?
- What are some examples of unexpected situations where we can find value?

Topic 2: Recognizing Opportunities
- What does it mean to recognize an opportunity?
- How can we train ourselves to recognize opportunities?
- What are some examples of opportunities that can be found in unusual places?

Topic 3: Turning Value into Something Useful
- What does it mean to turn value into something useful?
- How can we turn unexpected situations into something useful?
- What are some examples of ways to turn value into something useful?

Section 2: Practical Examples
Example 1: A person finds a wallet on the street and returns it to its owner. They later discover that the wallet belonged to a millionaire who offers them a reward.
- What value did the person find?
- How did they turn that value into something useful?

Example 2: A company is struggling to sell a product and decides to target a new market. They find that the product is popular among a different demographic and sales increase significantly.
- What value did the company find?
- How did they turn that value into something useful?

Example 3: An artist discovers a new medium for their work and creates a new style that gains popularity.
- What value did the artist find?
- How did they turn that value into something useful?

Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions
Question: How can we stay open to new experiences without getting overwhelmed or losing focus on our goals?
- What are some strategies to stay open to new experiences without getting overwhelmed?
- How can we balance staying open to new experiences while still focusing on our goals?

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the importance of being open to finding value in unusual places. We explored how to identify potential value in unexpected situations and how to turn that value into something useful. By practicing openness and recognizing opportunities, we can find value in unexpected places and turn it into something useful.

Glossary:
- Value: Something of worth or importance
- Unusual Places: Places that are not typically associated with finding value
- Opportunity: A chance for advancement, progress, or profit

Self-Debating Discussion:
- How can we stay open to new experiences without getting overwhelmed or losing focus on our goals?
  - One strategy is to set aside time each day or week for exploring new experiences, such as trying a new hobby or meeting new people. This way, we can stay open to new experiences without letting them take over our lives.
  - Another strategy is to prioritize our goals and make sure that we are still making progress towards them, even as we explore new experiences. This can help us stay focused and avoid getting overwhelmed.
  - Finally, it can be helpful to remind ourselves that new experiences can actually enhance our ability to achieve our goals, rather than distracting from them. For example, trying a new hobby may help us develop new skills or meet new people who can help us in our professional life.


text: Results 1–10 of 27 for "Magazine"X related to "Time has taught us to build better Web..." Refine Your Search Refine Your Search TopicEducation (5)Children (2)Emotional health (2)Learning & memory (2)Therapy (2) 14 more... [+] Addictions (1)Disability (1)Environment (1)Ethics (1)Military (1)Money (1)Parenting (1)Safety & design (1)Sport & exercise (1)Stress (1)Suicide (1)Testing issues (1)Trauma (1)Workplace issues (1)Hide detailsDocument TypeMagazineXYear2013 (5)2012 (8)2011 (4)2010 (8) Results 1–10 of 27.January.Good Practice Articles by YearGood Practice provides information for practicing psychologists on subjects such as technology, insurance billing, PTSD, HIPAA and legal issues 27 for "Magazine"X related to "Time has taught us to build better Web..."

textbook:
Lesson: Building Better Websites with Time and Experience
Introduction:
In today's digital age, having a strong online presence is crucial for businesses and individuals alike. A website is often the first impression someone has of a company or person, and it can make or break their reputation. As such, building a better website requires time and experience to ensure that it is user-friendly, visually appealing, and effective in conveying the intended message.
Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is the importance of time and experience in building better websites. By taking the time to learn and improve upon one's skills, as well as gaining experience through trial and error, one can create a website that is both functional and attractive.
Section 1: Understanding the Basics
Topic: HTML and CSS
Questions and Answers:
- What are HTML and CSS?
- Why are they important in building a website?
- How do they work together to create an effective website?
Definitions of Purpose:
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a standard markup language used to structure and organize content for display on the web. It defines the content and layout of a webpage.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a style sheet language used to describe the look and formatting of an HTML document. It allows for the separation of content from presentation, making it easier to maintain and update a website.
Practical Examples:
Using HTML and CSS, you can create a website that is visually appealing and easy to navigate. For example, you can use HTML to structure the content of your webpage, while CSS can be used to add styling such as colors, fonts, and background images.
Section 2: Designing for User Experience
Topic: User Interface and User Experience
Questions and Answers:
- What is user interface (UI) design?
- What is user experience (UX) design?
- Why are they important in building a website?
Definitions of Purpose:
UI design refers to the visual design of a website, including elements such as buttons, menus, and graphics. It focuses on making the website easy to use and navigate.
UX design, on the other hand, refers to the overall experience of using a website. It takes into account not only the visual design but also the functionality, ease of use, and overall satisfaction of the user.
Practical Examples:
By considering both UI and UX design when building a website, you can create a site that is both visually appealing and easy to use. For example, you can use color contrast and font size to make buttons and links stand out, while also ensuring that the website is easy to navigate and find information.
Section 3: Testing and Optimization
Topic: Website Analytics and SEO
Questions and Answers:
- What is website analytics?
- What is SEO?
- Why are they important in building a website?
Definitions of Purpose:
Website analytics refers to the tracking and analysis of website traffic and user behavior. It can help identify areas of improvement and optimize the website for better user experience.
SEO (Search Engine Optimization) is the process of optimizing a website to rank higher in search engine results pages. It involves using keywords, meta tags, and other techniques to improve the visibility and accessibility of a website.
Practical Examples:
By using website analytics and SEO, you can optimize your website for better performance and visibility. For example, you can use Google Analytics to track user behavior and identify areas of improvement, such as page load times or navigation issues. You can also use SEO techniques to improve your website's ranking in search engines, making it easier for users to find your site.
Conclusion:
Building a better website requires time and experience, as well as a thorough understanding of HTML, CSS, UI, UX, and website analytics. By taking the time to learn and practice these skills, you can create a website that is both visually appealing and easy to use, optimized for better performance and visibility. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced web designer, there is always something new to learn and apply to your website.


text: THE ACTUAL BAGS. The new Gemini Tory Burch Bags are super stylish! Their full name is Tory Burch Link Gemini Bag. They are $500-600 DOLLARS! But it is worth it, look how Fabulous they are. It is made from pebbled leather. An adjustable strap and zipper for closure are some of their qualities. They have a height of 24 cm, length of 27.5 cms, and a depth of 6 cms.. Kate Bosworth. Who better to represent the Gemini bag than a Gemini. Kate Bosworth is one of the two main people representing this bag. She is a Gemini and also has many connections to the zodiac sign. Gemini has a strong relation to two, which is a simpler way to talk about the meaning. Bosworth has two different colored eyes, hazel and blue, which bring up the number two. She has also lived on the west and east side. These are two reasons that she was chosen as a model for this bag. The photos below can also be found at the sources at the bottom.. Image Source: Pop Sugar: Courtesy of Tory Burch. Source:

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Zodiac Signs

## Chapter 1: What are Zodiac Signs?
Zodiac signs are groups of stars that form constellations in the sky. They are used to help people understand their personalities and predict their future. There are twelve zodiac signs, each represented by an animal or symbol.

## Chapter 2: The Significance of Zodiac Signs
Zodiac signs are believed to influence people's personalities, relationships, and careers. By understanding your zodiac sign, you can learn more about yourself and make better decisions in life.

## Chapter 3: The Twelve Zodiac Signs
There are twelve zodiac signs, each with its own unique personality traits and characteristics. Here is a brief overview of each sign:

1. Aries - Known for their confidence and leadership abilities, Aries are natural born leaders.
2. Taurus - Taureans are known for their practicality and reliability. They are also very stubborn.
3. Gemini - Geminis are known for their communication skills and ability to adapt to different situations.
4. Cancer - Cancers are very emotional and sensitive. They are also very nurturing and caring.
5. Leo - Leos are known for their confidence and charisma. They are also very creative.
6. Virgo - Virgos are known for their attention to detail and analytical skills. They are also very picky.
7. Libra - Libras are known for their balance and harmony. They are also very diplomatic.
8. Scorpio - Scorpions are known for their passion and intensity. They are also very secretive.
9. Sagittarius - Sagittarians are known for their adventurous spirit and optimism. They are also very restless.
10. Capricorn - Capricorns are known for their ambition and determination. They are also very disciplined.
11. Aquarius - Aquarians are known for their creativity and originality. They are also very independent.
12. Pisces - Pisceans are known for their empathy and intuition. They are also very imaginative.

## Chapter 4: Understanding Your Zodiac Sign
To understand your zodiac sign, you need to know your birth date and time. This will allow you to determine which sign you are and learn more about your personality traits and characteristics.

## Chapter 5: Applying Zodiac Signs to Your Life
Once you understand your zodiac sign, you can use this knowledge to make better decisions in life. For example, if you are a Gemini, you may want to choose a career that allows you to use your communication skills. If you are a Cancer, you may want to focus on your emotional health and relationships.

## Conclusion
Understanding zodiac signs can help you gain insight into your personality and make better decisions in life. By studying the traits and characteristics of each sign, you can learn more about yourself and others. Applying this knowledge to your life can help you achieve success and happiness.


text: Brick & Lace - Never Never. - Artist: Brick and Lace. - Track: Never Never. - Producer: Akon. - Album: Love is Wicked. Brick and Lace is made up of sisters Nyanda and Nailah, and on their single Never Never they live up to their names. Brick and Lace sing sweetly over a flowing track, and their lyrics are an anthem for independent women that definitely hits hard. The duo is signed to the unstoppable Akon's Konvict label (their album Love Is Wicked drops soon) and with their talent and his backing they have a legit shot at the top. Never Never just might not be hot enough to be what gets them there.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Music Reviews

**Objective:** In this lesson, we will learn how to write a music review by analyzing a popular song.

**Materials:** None

**Instructions:**

1. **Introduction to Music Reviews**

A music review is a written evaluation of a piece of music or a musical performance. As a listener, you can express your opinion about a song, its lyrics, melody, and overall impact. In this lesson, we will analyze the song "Never Never" by Brick and Lace.

2. **Song Analysis**

- **Artist:** Brick and Lace
- **Track:** Never Never
- **Producer:** Akon
- **Album:** Love is Wicked

Listen to the song and pay attention to the following elements:

- Lyrics: What is the message of the song? Are the lyrics meaningful and relatable?
- Melody: How does the song make you feel? Does it have a catchy tune?
- Instrumentation: What instruments are used in the song? Do they complement the melody?
- Production: Was the song produced well? Does it sound polished and professional?

3. **Discussion**

- Lyrics: The lyrics of "Never Never" are about independence and self-confidence. The sisters sing about not needing a man to complete them and being happy on their own. The lyrics are empowering and relatable to many women.
- Melody: The melody of "Never Never" is smooth and flowing. It has a reggae vibe that is easy to listen to and sing along with.
- Instrumentation: The song features a simple but effective instrumentation with a guitar and drum beat. The instruments complement the melody and create a laid-back vibe.
- Production: The production of "Never Never" is top-notch. It was produced by Akon, who is known for his hit songs and successful productions. The song sounds polished and professional, with a clear sound quality.

4. **Conclusion**

In conclusion, "Never Never" by Brick and Lace is a great song that empowers women to be independent and confident. The lyrics are meaningful and relatable, the melody is smooth and flowing, the instrumentation is simple yet effective, and the production is top-notch. This song is a great addition to any playlist and is sure to leave a lasting impression on the listener.

5. **Glossary**

- Artist: The person or group that performs the song.
- Track: The name of the song.
- Producer: The person who creates the instrumental and beats for the song.
- Album: The collection of songs released by an artist.

6. **Self-Debate**

- Should I base my music reviews solely on my personal preference or take into account the general reception of the song?
- How important is the production quality in determining the success of a song?
- Can a song with mediocre lyrics still be popular if it has a catchy melody and good production?


text: Low Level QA Automation. - Design test automation frameworks (multi-platform) and write automated tests to conduct complex tests;. - Contribute to identifying testing strategies and drive their implementation;. - Participate in writing test plans and test cases;. - Report software defects and work with development team. - Mid-level of experience in automated tests writing for Linux CLI applications;. - Some experience in automated test writing for libraries, drivers in multiple OS'es is a big plus;. - Experience in automated tests using docker, vagrant and other virtualization environments is welcome;. - Knowledge, practicing and advocating of DevSecOps practices is very beneficial;. - Working English knowledge is expected for documentation reading and writing purposes. 2050 to 5450 EUR/month. Keep in mind that we are open to discuss a different salary based on your skills and competences.

textbook:
**Lesson: Introduction to Test Automation**

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of test automation and its importance in software development.

**Introduction:** Test automation refers to the use of software tools to perform tests that would normally be done manually. This can save time and increase the accuracy of the testing process. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of test automation, including its benefits, challenges, and best practices.

**Main Topics:**

1. What is Test Automation?
2. Benefits of Test Automation
3. Challenges of Test Automation
4. Best Practices for Test Automation

**Sub-topics:**

1. What is Test Automation?
    - Definition of test automation
    - Types of tests that can be automated
    - Tools used for test automation

2. Benefits of Test Automation
    - Time savings
    - Improved accuracy
    - Consistency
    - Reduced costs

3. Challenges of Test Automation
    - Initial setup costs
    - Maintenance requirements
    - Test complexity
    - Tool limitations

4. Best Practices for Test Automation
    - Plan ahead
    - Choose the right tools and techniques
    - Automate the right tests
    - Monitor and maintain automation

**Conclusion:** Test automation is an essential part of modern software development. By automating tests, developers can save time and improve the accuracy of their testing processes. However, there are challenges to consider when implementing test automation, such as initial setup costs and maintenance requirements. By following best practices for test automation, developers can overcome these challenges and create effective and efficient automated testing processes.

**Glossary:**

- Test automation: The use of software tools to perform tests that would normally be done manually.
- Tools: Software programs used to support test automation.
- Test suite: A set of tests that are run together to evaluate a system.
- Test case: A specific test that exercises a particular aspect of a system.
- Test plan: A document that outlines the approach and strategy for testing a system.

**Self-Debate Discussion:** Should developers prioritize test automation over manual testing? Why or why not?


text: Master of Science in Nonprofit Leadership. La Salle University. Program Details. The online Master of Science in Nonprofit Leadership provides the interdisciplinary framework and knowledge needed in leadership, and the opportunity to apply that knowledge. Students learn the challenges of aligning theory and practice. Courses come from a wide variety of disciplines, including finance, marketing, planning, and evaluation, enabling students to develop the understanding they will need to be successful nonprofit leaders.. % Online100% Online. School Accreditation & Licensing. La Salle), Resume/CV, Statement of Purpose/Intent, Interview

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Nonprofit Leadership

## Section 1: What is Nonprofit Leadership?
Nonprofit leadership refers to the process of managing and leading nonprofit organizations effectively. It involves understanding the unique challenges of the nonprofit sector and applying principles of leadership to achieve the organization's mission.

## Section 2: Why Study Nonprofit Leadership?
Studying nonprofit leadership is important because it equips individuals with the necessary skills and knowledge to lead and manage nonprofit organizations effectively. Nonprofit organizations play a crucial role in addressing social issues, and effective leadership is essential to ensure their success.

## Section 3: What are the Challenges of Nonprofit Leadership?
Nonprofit leadership faces several challenges, including limited resources, competition for funding, and maintaining a sustainable business model. Additionally, nonprofit leaders must balance the needs of multiple stakeholders, including donors, volunteers, and beneficiaries.

## Section 4: What Courses are Offered in the Master of Science in Nonprofit Leadership Program?
The Master of Science in Nonprofit Leadership program offers courses in areas such as finance, marketing, planning, and evaluation. These courses provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the challenges facing nonprofit organizations and the skills needed to overcome them.

## Section 5: How is the Program Structured?
The Master of Science in Nonprofit Leadership program is offered 100% online, making it accessible to students from anywhere in the world. The program consists of ten courses, each lasting five weeks. Students can complete the program in as little as two years by taking two courses per term.

## Glossary
- Nonprofit organization: An organization that operates for a social cause rather than generating profit for its owners.
- Leadership: The ability to inspire and guide individuals or teams towards a common goal.
- Mission: The purpose or objective of an organization.

## Conclusion
The Master of Science in Nonprofit Leadership program provides students with the knowledge and skills needed to become effective nonprofit leaders. By understanding the challenges facing nonprofit organizations and the principles of leadership, graduates of this program will be well-prepared to take on leadership roles in the nonprofit sector.


text:
Q:

Classification of groups without proper subgrouups

I saw the following question from the book by Gallian on abstract algebra.
If G is a group such that it has no proper subgroup then I need to show that order of G is prime. In brackets, he mentions that I'm not to assume that the order is finite.
My question is : Isn't it obvious that if I have to show that the cardinality is prime, then it is finite. In fact, I don't get how one shows that the order is prime without assuming that it is finite.
The proof after assuming that the order is a natural number is trivial, follows from Lagrange's theorem.
Any help is appreciated. Thanks :)

A:

You mean a group $G$ with identity $1$ and with more than one member and no proper subgroup except the one-element subgroup $\{1\}$.Take $x\in G$ with $x\ne 1$. Let $H=\{x^n : n \in Z\}$.Since $H$ is a subgroup of $G$ and $H\ne \{1\}$,we have $H=G$.Now if $x^m\ne x^n$ whenever  $m,n$ are distinct integers then $\{x^{2n}: n\in Z\}$ is a proper subgroup of G not equal to $\{1\}$, which can't be, so it must be that $x^m=x^n$ for some distinct $m,n$, which gives $x^{|m-n|}=1$. So $G$ is finite and cyclic,and as you said,the rest is easy.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Properties of Groups

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about properties of groups, which are sets with a binary operation that satisfies certain conditions. We will focus on the classification of groups without proper subgroups and the concept of order.

Section 1: Classification of Groups without Proper Subgroups

Topic 1: Definition and Example

A group is a set G with a binary operation * that satisfies the following four properties:

1. Closure: For all x, y in G, x * y is also in G.
2. Associativity: For all x, y, z in G, (x * y) * z = x * (y * z).
3. Identity: There exists an element 1 in G such that for all x in G, x * 1 = 1 * x = x.
4. Inverses: For every x in G, there exists an element x^(-1) in G such that x * x^(-1) = x^(-1) * x = 1.

Example: The set of integers under addition, Z, is a group.

Topic 2: Proof without Assuming Finite Order

We will use the following theorem: A group of order p, where p is a prime number, is cyclic and hence has a unique subgroup of order d for each divisor d of p.

Proof: Since the order of G is p, there must exist an element g in G such that the order of g is p. Then, the cyclic subgroup generated by g, ⟨g⟩, has order p. By Lagrange's theorem, the order of any subgroup of ⟨g⟩ must divide the order of ⟨g⟩, which is p. Thus, ⟨g⟩ has a unique subgroup of order d for each divisor d of p.

Conclusion: If G is a group with no proper subgroups, then the order of G is prime.

Section 2: Order of a Group

Topic 1: Definition

The order of a group G is the number of elements in G. If G has n elements, we say that the order of G is n.

Topic 2: Example

Example: The set of integers under addition, Z, has countably infinite elements. However, if we consider only the positive integers, Z^+, it has a finite number of elements. Thus, the order of Z^+ is 6 (since there are 6 positive integers from 1 to 6).

Topic 3: Formula for the Order

If G is a group and H is a subgroup of G, then the order of G is the product of the orders of H and G/H, where G/H is the set of cosets of H in G.

Formula: |G| = |H| * |G/H|

Example: If H is the trivial subgroup {1} and G/H is G itself, then |G| = |H| * |G/H| = 1 * |G|.

Section 3: Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the classification of groups without proper subgroups and the concept of order. We saw that if a group has no proper subgroups, then its order is prime. We also discussed the formula for the order of a group and provided an example.

Glossary:
- Group: A set with a binary operation that satisfies certain conditions.
- Proper subgroup: A subgroup that is not equal to the whole group or the trivial subgroup.
- Order: The number of elements in a group.
- Coset: An equivalence class of elements in a group.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have learned about the properties of groups and their classification. We can apply these skills to other problems involving groups and their properties.


text: Fournier House was designed by architect Lawrence A. Fournier and built in 1910. The house blends early Prairie School-style elements with a more dominant Arts and Crafts style. It was also one of the first homes built in North Minneapolis.. Artist Alexis Jean Fournier is well known in Minnesota for his atmospheric paintings of Minneapolis and St. Paul landscapes. Fournier is also renowned beyond Minnesota as an important figure in the Arts and Crafts movement.acob Fjelde's sculpture Hiawatha and Minnehaha has stood in Minnehaha Park in Minneapolis since the early twentieth century. Now a popular fixture of the park, its placement there was originally.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Architecture

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. It involves creating functional, safe, and aesthetically pleasing spaces that meet the needs of people. Architecture has been around for thousands of years and has evolved over time to reflect changing cultural, social, and technological influences.

### Section 2: Practical Examples

One of the most famous examples of architecture is the Parthenon in Athens, Greece. This ancient temple was built in the fifth century BCE and is considered a masterpiece of classical architecture. Its design incorporates principles of geometry, proportion, and symmetry to create a beautiful and harmonious structure.

Another example of architecture is the Fournier House in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Built in 1910, this house blends early Prairie School-style elements with a more dominant Arts and Crafts style. It was one of the first homes built in North Minneapolis and is now considered a significant piece of local history.

### Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

In addition to these famous examples, architecture plays an important role in our everyday lives. Architects design everything from homes and offices to schools and hospitals. They consider factors such as function, safety, sustainability, and cost when designing a space.

For example, an architect might design a school that not only provides a safe and comfortable learning environment but also incorporates energy-efficient features to reduce costs and minimize its impact on the environment.

### Glossary
- Architecture: The art and science of designing buildings and structures.
- Prairie School-style: An architectural style that emerged in the American Midwest in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It emphasizes horizontal lines, open floor plans, and natural materials.
- Arts and Crafts movement: A late nineteenth-century European artistic and social movement that emphasized handmade objects and traditional crafts.
- Sustainability: The ability to maintain or preserve something over time. In architecture, this refers to designing buildings that use resources efficiently and have minimal negative impact on the environment.

### Conclusion

Architecture is an important field that affects our daily lives in many ways. By studying architecture, we can learn about the history, theory, and practice of designing buildings and structures. We can also develop critical thinking skills and learn to analyze and evaluate different types of architecture. As we continue to explore this subject, we will be better equipped to understand and appreciate the built environment around us.


text:
Filming Locations lists all of the known locations that the Parks and Recreation cast and crew have filmed at.

The Eagleton Park Huntington Library SCA

The Plaza Eagleton Westfield Topanga Mall Canoga Park, CA

Corn maze and carnival in the episode "Harvest Festival". Pierce Farm Center

Pawnee City Hall Pasadena City Hall 100 N. Garfield Avenue, Pasadena, California

The Quiet Corn exterior 341 Adena St., Pasadena, CA

Pawnee Skateland Northridge Skateland

Saint Joseph Hospital Providence St. Joseph

JJ's Diner exterior Landmark Diner 2277 Cheshire Bridge Road NE, Atlanta, GA

JJ's Diner interior Four ‘N 20 5530 Van Nuys Blvd., Sherman Oaks, CA

JJ's Diner (season one) Kountry Folks 8501 Sepulveda Blvd., North Hills, CA

Jurassic Fork Clifton's Cafeteria 648 S Broadway, Los Angeles, CA

The coffee shop where Ron Swanson takes Tammy II Frank's Coffee Shop 916 West Olive Ave., Burbank, CA

Motel where Ron and Tammy II stay overnight Glen Capri Inn & Suites 6700 San Fernando Rd., Glendale, CA

Leslie Knope's campaign party / Entertainment 720 party Holiday Inn Towers 150 East Angeleno Ave., Burbank, CA

scene where Leslie meets with Martin Kernston of Kernston's Rubber Nipples Holiday Inn Towers sales office

Leslie's book signing for her Pawnee: The Greatest Town in America Vroman’s Bookstore Pasadena, CA

Smallest Park in Indiana constructed in the northwesternmost parking space near 4378 Kraft Ave., Studio City, CA

The Bulge exterior Oxwood Inn 13713 Oxnard St, Van Nuys, CA

The Bulge interior Serra’s Dine & Dance 12449 Ventura Blvd, Studio City, CA

Leslie Knope's house 2358 Highland Avenue, Altadena, CA

Ann Perkins' house 5655 Murietta Ave., Van Nuys, CA

Sullivan Street Pit southeast corner of Hazeltine Ave and Collins Street, Van Nuys, CA

Ricky's Rock N' Roll Bowling Alley Pickwick Bowl, part of Pickwick Gardens 1001 Riverside Dr., Burbank, CA

Chris Traeger's apartment building 5700 Melrose Ave., Los Angeles, CA

building Ron Swanson pulls up alongside when a cop pulls him over in "The Comeback Kid" 544 Mateo St., Los Angeles, CA

Doubletime Sound Studio Doubletime Recording Studio 1401 Pioneer Way, El Cajon, CA

Andy, April, and Ben's House 12718 Valley Spring Ln

Mini golf scene with Councilman Jamm Golf 'N Stuff Norwalk, CA

Background of Leslie's campaign ad demo, Salvatore's barber shop 12450 Magnolia Blvd., Valley Village, CA

Partridge, Minnesota (City Hall and Hospital parking lot) Chapman University

Pawnee Zoo

Old L.A. Zoo (Abandoned) Los Angeles, Ca 90027

textbook:
Lesson: Filming Locations

Introduction:
Filming locations are essential in the movie industry as they provide a realistic setting for the actors to perform. In this lesson, we will explore the various filming locations used in the popular TV series, Parks and Recreation. We will learn about the different places where the cast and crew filmed, their significance, and how they contributed to the show's success.

Section 1: Introduction to Filming Locations

Topic 1: What are Filming Locations?
Filming locations refer to the physical places where movies or TV shows are shot. These locations can be indoors or outdoors, and they play a crucial role in creating a realistic and engaging environment for the actors to perform.

Topic 2: Why are Filming Locations Important?
Filming locations are essential because they help bring the story to life. They provide a sense of reality and authenticity that is necessary for the audience to connect with the characters and the plot. Additionally, filming locations can also add to the overall aesthetic of the show, contributing to its visual appeal.

Section 2: Filming Locations in Parks and Recreation

Topic 1: The Plaza
The Plaza is an iconic location in Parks and Recreation, serving as the setting for many of the show's most memorable moments. It is a public space where the characters often gather to socialize, and it plays a significant role in shaping the show's overall tone.

Topic 2: Eagleton
Eagleton is a fictional town that is frequently referenced throughout the series. It is depicted as Pawnee's rival, and the two towns often clash. The filming locations used to portray Eagleton add to the show's humor and charm.

Topic 3: JJ's Diner
JJ's Diner is another iconic location in Parks and Recreation, serving as the show's central hub. It is where the characters often gather to eat, drink, and socialize. The filming locations used to portray JJ's Diner contribute to the show's overall atmosphere and charm.

Section 3: Conclusion
In conclusion, filming locations play a crucial role in the movie industry, providing a realistic and engaging environment for the actors to perform. In Parks and Recreation, the filming locations used to portray The Plaza, Eagleton, and JJ's Diner contribute significantly to the show's overall tone, humor, and charm. By understanding the importance of filming locations, we can appreciate the hard work and dedication that goes into creating a successful TV series.

Glossary:
- Filming Location: A physical place where a movie or TV show is shot
- Aesthetic: The quality of being artistic or pleasing to look at
- Authenticity: The quality of being genuine or accurate
- Visual Appeal: The ability to attract and hold the attention of the viewer

Self-Debate:
Is it essential to use real-life locations when filming a TV series? Why or why not?

Answer:
 Yes, it is essential to use real-life locations when filming a TV series because they provide a sense of reality and authenticity that is necessary for the audience to connect with the characters and the plot. Real-life locations also add to the overall aesthetic of the show, contributing to its visual appeal. However, it is also essential to consider the logistical challenges of filming in real-life locations, such as obtaining permits and dealing with disruptions to normal activities.


text: In order to improve the fine level of air pollution prevention and control, our company developed PM2.5 detection device for Beijing zhongkejiande Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. before and after the purification of electric sanitation vehicle.. This project is a vehicle borne atmospheric particle monitoring system developed by our company. Based on the principle of laser scattering detection, the instrument and equipment are installed on the sanitation roof, which overcomes the adverse environmental impact of high temperature, high speed, vibration, wind disturbance, rain and snow, and can be monitored at the same time PM2.5 And PM10, the real-time transmission of location and monitoring data, has successfully realized the monitoring from fixed point to the whole network The transformation creates a new idea for air pollution monitoring and makes environmental protection vehicle a new platform for air monitoring.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Build an Atmospheric Particle Monitoring System

### Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn about the process of building an atmospheric particle monitoring system. We will cover the following topics:

1. What is atmospheric particle monitoring?
2. How does a laser scattering detection work?
3. What are the challenges in building such a system?
4. How can we overcome these challenges?
5. What are the benefits of building an atmospheric particle monitoring system?

### Section 1: What is Atmospheric Particle Monitoring?

Atmospheric particle monitoring refers to the process of measuring the concentration of particles in the air. These particles can be dust, pollen, smoke, or any other substance that can harm human health and the environment. The goal of atmospheric particle monitoring is to identify the sources of pollution and take measures to reduce them.

### Section 2: How Does Laser Scattering Detection Work?

Laser scattering detection is a technique used to measure the size and concentration of particles in the air. It works by shining a laser beam onto a particle, which then scatters light in all directions. By measuring the intensity of the scattered light, we can determine the size of the particle. This information can then be used to estimate the concentration of particles in the air.

### Section 3: Challenges in Building an Atmospheric Particle Monitoring System

Building an atmospheric particle monitoring system can be challenging due to several factors:

1. Environmental Factors: High temperatures, high speeds, vibrations, wind disturbances, and rain/snow can all affect the accuracy of the measurements.
2. Technical Challenges: The equipment must be durable enough to withstand these environmental factors while still providing accurate readings.
3. Cost: Building a reliable and accurate atmospheric particle monitoring system can be expensive.

### Section 4: Overcoming Challenges

To overcome these challenges, we can use the following strategies:

1. Design the system to withstand harsh environmental conditions by using durable materials and designing the equipment to minimize the effects of vibrations and wind disturbances.
2. Use advanced algorithms and data analysis techniques to filter out any noise or errors introduced by the environmental factors.
3. Implement cost-effective solutions, such as using open-source software and hardware components, to reduce the overall cost of the system.

### Section 5: Benefits of Building an Atmospheric Particle Monitoring System

Building an atmospheric particle monitoring system has several benefits, including:

1. Improved Air Quality: By identifying the sources of pollution, we can take measures to reduce them, leading to improved air quality.
2. Enhanced Public Health: By monitoring the concentration of particles in the air, we can better understand their impact on human health and take steps to mitigate those impacts.
3. Informed Policy Making: By collecting and analyzing data on atmospheric particle concentrations, policymakers can make informed decisions on air quality policies and regulations.

### Glossary

- Atmospheric Particle: A particle suspended in the atmosphere, such as dust, pollen, or smoke.
- Laser Scattering Detection: A technique used to measure the size and concentration of particles in the air by shining a laser beam onto a particle and measuring the intensity of the scattered light.
- Particulate Matter (PM): A complex mixture of extremely small particles and liquid droplets that are suspended in the air.
- PM2.5: Particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less.
- PM10: Particulate matter with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less.

### Conclusion

By building an atmospheric particle monitoring system, we can improve air quality, enhance public health, and inform policy making. By overcoming the challenges associated with building such a system, we can create a reliable and accurate monitoring system that will provide valuable data on atmospheric particle concentrations.


text: My book, Raw Concrete: the Beauty of Brutalism is published on 21 April 2016.. Advertisements. My book, Raw Concrete: the Beauty of Brutalism is published on 21 April 2016.. 2 thoughts on “Raw Concrete: the Beauty of Brutalism”. Looking forward to reading this but can’t yet get it in kindle format. Are there plans to release that soon?. Thanks for your enthusiasm – I hope we can sort it out for you!. It has been released on Kindle in the UK but not I think the US yet – is that where you are? Is it possible for you to download it from the UK Amazon or is it blocked for you?. If that’s not working I’ve had US readers get the printed version mailed from Amazon.co.uk. Failing that I suspect that a US release of both print and Kindle will be negotiated in the next few months, but I don’t yet know when.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Architecture

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

In this lesson, we will explore the world of architecture and learn about its history, styles, and elements. Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. It involves creating functional, safe, and aesthetically pleasing spaces that meet the needs of people.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's look at an example of how architects use mathematics to design buildings. The Parthenon in Greece is a famous example of classical architecture. Its designers used the Golden Ratio to determine the proportions of the building's parts. They divided the height of the structure by the width, and the ratio was approximately 1:1.618. This ratio appears in many natural phenomena, such as the spiral pattern of a sunflower or the shape of a nautilus shell. By using the Golden Ratio, the architects created a building that is both beautiful and functional.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

Now let's consider a modern example of architecture. The Burj Khalifa in Dubai is currently the tallest building in the world. Its designers used advanced computer modeling to test different designs and materials before construction began. They also considered factors such as wind resistance, temperature control, and energy efficiency. As a result, the building is not only tall but also safe, comfortable, and sustainable.

## Glossary

- Architecture: The art and science of designing buildings and structures.
- Style: A particular type or form of architecture that is characterized by specific features or elements.
- Element: A part or component of a building or structure.
- Functional: Meeting the intended purpose or use of something.
- Safe: Protecting people from harm or injury.
- Aesthetically pleasing: Appealing to the senses or tastes.
- Proportion: The relationship between the size or amount of one thing compared to another.
- Golden Ratio: A mathematical proportion that is approximately 1:1.618.
- Classical architecture: A style of architecture that originated in ancient Greece and Rome and is characterized by columns, pediments, and other features.
- Computer modeling: Creating digital representations of physical objects or systems.

## Conclusion

In conclusion, architecture is a fascinating field that combines art, science, and technology. By studying the history, styles, and elements of architecture, we can appreciate the beauty and functionality of buildings and structures. Through practical examples and real-world scenarios, we can also learn about the challenges and solutions involved in designing and constructing buildings. By applying these skills, we can create spaces that meet the needs of people while also being safe, functional, and aesthetically pleasing.


text: . How to use Jest unit tests with Angular. The Jest unit test framework is a relatively new unit testing tool built by Facebook, it is widely used for testing ReactJS projects. Studies shows that Jest is much faster than other unit test frameworks for JavaScript, since it’s using a custom built JavaScript engine instead of running the tests in a full blown browser.... Continue Reading →

textbook:
Lesson 1: Introduction to Jest Unit Tests with Angular

## Section 1: Theory
In this lesson, we will learn about Jest unit tests and how they can be used to test our Angular applications. We will cover the following topics:

1. What are unit tests?
2. Why use Jest for unit testing?
3. Setting up Jest for Angular projects

## Section 2: Practice
Let's start by answering the following questions:

1. What are unit tests?
Unit tests are a type of software testing where individual units or components of a program are tested to ensure they are working correctly. These tests are typically written by developers and run quickly, allowing for testing to be performed frequently.

2. Why use Jest for unit testing?
Jest is a popular unit testing framework for JavaScript applications, including Angular. It is fast, reliable, and easy to use. It also has excellent support for asynchronous code and testing of React components.

3. Setting up Jest for Angular projects
To set up Jest for an Angular project, you will need to install the Jest and Jasmine plugins. You can do this by running the following commands in your terminal:

```
npm install --save-dev jest @jest/plugins
```

You will also need to create a new file called "jest.config.js" in your project directory with the following content:

```javascript
const { Jest } = require('jest/config');

module.exports = (config) => {
  config.cacheDirectory = true;
  config.cache = 'memory';
  config.watchman = false;
  config.testEnvironment = 'node';

  return config;
};
```

Finally, you will need to add the following scripts to your package.json file:

```json
{
  "scripts": {
    "test:jest": "jest"
  }
}
```

Now you are ready to write your first Jest unit test for your Angular application!

## Section 3: Practice
Let's write a simple Jest unit test for an Angular component. We will create a new file called "component.spec.js" in our project directory and add the following code:

```javascript
describe('MyComponent', () => {
  let component;

  beforeEach(async(() => {
    TestBed.configureTestingModule({
      declarations: [ MyComponent ]
    }).compileComponents();
    component = await TestBed.createComponent(MyComponent);
  }));

  it('should render the component', () => {
    expect(component).toBeTruthy();
  });
});
```

In this example, we imported the Jasmine library and used the `describe` and `it` functions to define our unit test. We also used the `beforeEach` function to set up the test environment and the `compileComponents` function to compile our Angular application. Finally, we used the `createComponent` function to create an instance of our component and assert that it exists.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about Jest unit tests and how they can be used to test our Angular applications. We covered the theory behind unit testing and why Jest is a good choice for testing JavaScript applications. We then went on to practice setting up Jest for an Angular project and writing our first Jest unit test.

By applying these skills, we can ensure that our Angular applications are robust and reliable, reducing the risk of bugs and errors in production.


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textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Mathematics

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Mathematics is the study of numbers, quantities, and spaces. It is an essential subject that helps us understand the world around us. Mathematics is divided into several branches, including algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's consider a simple example. Suppose you want to buy apples and oranges at the store. The price of apples is $2 per kilogram, and the price of oranges is $3 per kilogram. If you buy 2 kilograms of apples and 1.5 kilograms of oranges, how much money will you spend?

Using the formula:
Cost = (Price per kg) x (Weight of item in kg)

The cost of apples is:
2 x 2 = $4

The cost of oranges is:
3 x 1.5 = $4.50

So, the total cost is:
$4 + $4.50 = $8.50

In this example, we used basic arithmetic operations to solve a real-world problem. Mathematics is essential in everyday life, and it helps us make informed decisions.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

Mathematics is also used in various fields, such as engineering, physics, and finance. For example, engineers use mathematics to design and build structures, while physicists use it to understand the behavior of the universe. In finance, mathematicians help create financial models to predict market trends.

## Glossary
- Arithmetic: The branch of mathematics that deals with numbers and their operations.
- Geometry: The branch of mathematics that deals with the properties and relationships of points, lines, angles, and shapes.
- Calculus: The branch of mathematics that deals with rates of change and functions.
- Statistics: The branch of mathematics that deals with collecting, organizing, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting data.

## Conclusion

Mathematics is a fascinating subject that has many practical applications in our daily lives. By understanding the principles of mathematics, we can make better decisions and gain a deeper understanding of the world around us. Whether you are interested in engineering, physics, finance, or any other field, a strong foundation in mathematics is essential.


text:
Q:

Flatten a list of strings to characters and then de-dupe the new list

I have the following and have flattened the list via this documentation
>>> wordlist = ['cat','dog','rabbit']
>>> letterlist = [lt for wd in wordlist for lt in wd]
>>> print(letterlist)
['c', 'a', 't', 'd', 'o', 'g', 'r', 'a', 'b', 'b', 'i', 't']

Can the list comprehension be extended to remove duplicate characters. The desired result is the following (in any order):
['a', 'c', 'b', 'd', 'g', 'i', 'o', 'r', 't']

I can convert to a set and then back to a list but I'd prefer to keep it as a list.

A:

Easiest is to use a set comprehension instead of a list comp:
letterlist = {lt for wd in wordlist for lt in wd}

All I did was replace the square brackets with curly braces. This works in Python 2.7 and up.
For Python 2.6 and earlier, you'd use the set() callable with a generator expression instead:
letterlist = set(lt for wd in wordlist for lt in wd)

Last, but not least, you can replace the comprehension syntax altogether by producing the letters from all sequences by chaining the strings together, treat them all like one long sequence, with itertools.chain.from_iterable(); you give that a sequence of sequences and it'll give you back one long sequence:
from itertools import chain
letterlist = set(chain.from_iterable(wordlist))

A:

Sets are an easy way to get unique elements from an iterable. To flatten a list of lists, itertools.chain provides a handy way to do that.
from itertools import chain

>>> set(chain.from_iterable(['cat','dog','rabbit'])
{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'g', 'i', 'o', 'r', 't'}

textbook:
Lesson:

### Section 1: Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn how to flatten a list of strings to characters and then de-duplicate the new list. We will start by understanding what flattening a list means and why it is useful. Then, we will explore different ways to achieve this task, including using list comprehensions and set comprehensions. Finally, we will apply our knowledge to a real-world scenario.

### Section 2: What is Flattening a List?

Flattening a list means converting a nested list into a single list. It is useful when we want to process elements of a list in a recursive manner. For example, if we have a list of lists, each containing integers, we can flatten the list to obtain a single list containing all the integers.

### Section 3: How to Flatten a List?

There are several ways to flatten a list in Python. One common approach is to use list comprehensions. Another approach is to use set comprehensions.

Using List Comprehensions:

We can use list comprehensions to flatten a list. For example, given a list of lists, each containing integers, we can flatten the list to obtain a single list containing all the integers using the following code:

```python
wordlist = [[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]
flattened_list = [item for sublist in wordlist for item in sublist]
print(flattened_list)
```

Output:
```
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
```

Using Set Comprehensions:

We can also use set comprehensions to flatten a list. For example, given a list of lists, each containing integers, we can flatten the list to obtain a set containing all the integers using the following code:

```python
wordlist = [[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]
flattened_set = {item for sublist in wordlist for item in sublist}
print(flattened_set)
```

Output:
```
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
```

### Section 4: Real-World Scenario

Now that we know how to flatten a list and de-duplicate the new list, let's apply our knowledge to a real-world scenario. Suppose we have a list of words that we want to convert into a list of letters. Then, we want to remove duplicates from the list of letters.

```python
wordlist = ['cat','dog','rabbit']
letterlist = [lt for wd in wordlist for lt in wd]
```

Output:
```
['c', 'a', 't', 'd', 'o', 'g', 'r', 'a', 'b', 'b', 'i', 't']
```

Next, we want to remove duplicates from the list of letters:

```python
unique_letters = set(letterlist)
flattened_unique_letters = list(unique_letters)
```

Output:
```
{'c', 'a', 't', 'd', 'o', 'g', 'r', 'a', 'b', 'i', 't'}
```

```python
flattened_unique_letters = list(unique_letters)
```

Output:
```
['c', 'a', 't', 'd', 'o', 'g', 'r', 'a', 'b', 'i', 't']
```

In this scenario, we first created a list of letters by iterating over each word in the `wordlist` and iterating over each letter in each word. Then, we used a set to remove duplicates from the `letterlist`. Finally, we converted the set back to a list using the `list()` function.

### Section 5: Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned how to flatten a list of strings to characters and then de-duplicate the new list. We explored different ways to achieve this task, including using list comprehensions and set comprehensions. We applied our knowledge to a real-world scenario involving a list of words and their corresponding letters. By the end of this lesson, we should be able to flatten and de-duplicate lists efficiently and effectively.


text: Shopping and Goodies is sharing the latest fall looks!. Guess which designer is on trend with her new line of cosmetics launching this September? The packaging is beauty-ful!!!! One of our favorite celebs talks about growing old. We’re so inspired by what she has to say! Are you ready for fall with basic black? Yours truly is and we’re loving Givenchy’s stunning black Lucrezia Duffel and Saint Laurent’s Military style black coat. These stylish pieces are getting us ever-so ready for fall! I’d start reading what the hippest fashionistas have to say!. A Few Goody Gumdrops is ready to wear this season’s outstanding selection of black coats from Rick Owens, Saint Laurent and The Row!. Shopping and Info has spotted Givenchy’s Lucrezia Duffel Bag! Go for it!. Be Voguish is sharing the launch of Tory Burch’s make-up, perfume and bath line!. Girls Talkin Smack has the scoop on why Blake Lively is excited to grow old!. Ahhh that Rick Owens jacket! My wallet’s gonna hurt haha

textbook:
Lesson: Reading Comprehension for Primary School Students
Introduction:
Reading comprehension is an essential skill for primary school students. It helps them understand what they read, learn new information, and enjoy books. In this lesson, we will learn how to improve our reading comprehension skills by analyzing a paragraph.
Section 1: Understanding the Paragraph
1. Read the paragraph carefully and identify the main idea.
2. Look for key words or phrases that support the main idea.
3. Identify any contradictory or confusing information.
Section 2: Answering Questions
1. What is the paragraph about?
2. Who is the target audience?
3. What are some of the products mentioned in the paragraph?
4. What celebrity is mentioned and what does she talk about?
5. What are some of the stylish pieces mentioned?
6. What is the purpose of the paragraph?
Section 3: Defining Key Terms
1. Trendy - means popular or fashionable.
2. Launching - means introducing something new to the public.
3. Packaging - refers to the design and presentation of a product.
4. Inspired - means influenced or stimulated by someone or something.
5. Basic - means simple or plain.
Section 4: Practical Examples
1. How can we use our reading comprehension skills to understand a book we are reading?
2. How can we use key words or phrases to find information on the internet?
3. How can we analyze a paragraph to identify the main idea and supporting details?
Conclusion:
Reading comprehension is an important skill for primary school students. By analyzing a paragraph, we can identify the main idea, answer questions, define key terms, and apply our knowledge to real-world scenarios. By practicing these skills, we can become better readers and learners.


text: Hello, Roofers!. We would like to give you a personalized tour of our forms building app, Scout! Scout allows you to easily build every custom form you need to help your business grow. It also works as a dispatch app giving your roofers all the information they need for their next job.. Let’s walk through a typical day in the life of a roofer using Scout.. Pointman Blog. Hello, Roofers!. Tags: Business Owners, Scout, Spotlight Forms, Roofing

textbook:
# Lesson: Building Custom Forms with Scout App
## Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn how to use the Scout app to build custom forms that can help your roofing business grow. We will cover the following topics:
1. What is Scout app?
2. How to create custom forms using Scout app?
3. How to use Scout app as a dispatch app?
4. Real-world examples of using Scout app in roofing business
## What is Scout app?
Scout app is a mobile app that helps businesses to manage their workflow and communicate effectively with their team members. It allows you to create custom forms that can be used to collect important information from your customers or employees. The app also includes a dispatch feature that helps you to assign jobs to your roofers and track their progress.
## How to create custom forms using Scout app?
Creating custom forms using Scout app is easy. Here are the steps:
1. Open the Scout app and log in to your account.
2. Click on the "Forms" tab and select the form you want to edit.
3. Click on the "Edit" button to open the form editor.
4. Use the drag-and-drop interface to add fields to your form. You can choose from text, date, time, signature, and other types of fields.
5. Once you have added all the necessary fields, click on the "Save" button to save your changes.
6. You can now share the form with your team members or customers by clicking on the "Share" button.
## How to use Scout app as a dispatch app?
Scout app can also be used as a dispatch app to assign jobs to your roofers and track their progress. Here are the steps:
1. Open the Scout app and log in to your account.
2. Click on the "Jobs" tab and select the job you want to assign.
3. Click on the "Assign" button to open the job assignment screen.
4. Select the roofer you want to assign the job to and click on the "Assign" button.
5. You can now track the progress of the job by clicking on the job card and viewing the status updates.
## Real-world examples of using Scout app in roofing business
Here are some real-world examples of how Scout app can be used in a roofing business:
1. Collecting customer information: You can use Scout app to create a custom form that collects important information from your customers such as their name, address, and contact details. This information can be used to follow up with the customer and provide them with a quote for the job.
2. Tracking job progress: You can use Scout app to assign jobs to your roofers and track their progress. This can help you to ensure that the job is completed on time and to a high standard.
3. Communicating with team members: You can use Scout app to communicate with your team members and keep them informed about the progress of the job. This can help to ensure that everyone is on the same page and working towards the same goal.
## Conclusion
In conclusion, Scout app is a powerful tool that can help you to manage your roofing business more effectively. By creating custom forms and using the app as a dispatch tool, you can improve communication, increase efficiency, and grow your business.


text: Travel Insurance.co.uk. Travelinsurance.co.uk is an online travel insurance provider based in Essex. Travelinsurance.co.uk provides a number of different types of travel insurance, such as backpackers and over 65s. Its policies are underwritten by MAPFRE, who also underwrite brands such as Virgin Money and Admiral. Travelinsurance.co.uk is part of Insure & Go Insurance Services Ltd who trade under many different brands including Debenhams Travel insurance.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Travel Insurance

## Section 1: What is Travel Insurance?

Travel insurance is a type of insurance that covers medical expenses, trip cancellation, lost luggage, and other losses while traveling. It is designed to protect travelers from financial losses due to unexpected events such as illness, injury, or theft while they are away from home.

## Section 2: Why do I need Travel Insurance?

Travel insurance is an essential part of planning a trip. It provides peace of mind and protection against unexpected events that may arise during your travels. Some reasons why you need travel insurance include:

- Medical emergencies: If you become sick or injured while traveling, travel insurance can help cover the cost of medical treatment and transportation back home.
- Trip cancellation or interruption: If you need to cancel or cut short your trip due to unforeseen circumstances, travel insurance can reimburse you for non-refundable expenses such as flights and hotels.
- Lost or stolen belongings: If your luggage is lost or stolen, travel insurance can help replace or reimburse you for the value of the items inside.
- Accidental damage or theft: If you accidentally damage property or have your belongings stolen, travel insurance can provide coverage for the costs associated with repairing or replacing the item.

## Section 3: Types of Travel Insurance

There are several different types of travel insurance available, each with its own set of benefits and coverage levels. Some common types include:

- Basic travel insurance: This type of policy covers only the basics, such as medical expenses and trip cancellation.
- Comprehensive travel insurance: This type of policy offers more extensive coverage, including lost luggage, accidental death or dismemberment, and emergency evacuation.
- Backpacker's travel insurance: Designed for budget travelers, this type of policy covers medical expenses, trip cancellation, and loss of personal belongings.
- Over 65s travel insurance: Designed for seniors, this type of policy covers medical expenses, trip cancellation, and lost luggage.

## Section 4: How to Choose the Right Travel Insurance Policy

When choosing a travel insurance policy, consider the following factors:

- Destination: If you are traveling to a high-risk area, make sure your policy covers any potential risks such as political unrest or natural disasters.
- Coverage: Determine what types of coverage you need based on your travel plans and activities.
- Price: Compare prices from different providers to find the best deal without sacrificing coverage.
- Reputation: Research the company's reputation and customer satisfaction ratings to ensure that you are dealing with a reputable provider.

## Section 5: Conclusion

In conclusion, travel insurance is an essential part of planning a trip. It provides peace of mind and protection against unexpected events that may arise during your travels. By understanding the different types of travel insurance and how to choose the right policy for your needs, you can ensure that you are well-protected while traveling.


text: Ralston Courtyards apartments in Ventura is proud to welcome you to a world of community, comfort, and convenience that will take your apartment living experience to the next level. Browse our photo gallery and discover more about our pet-friendly homes.. Our luxury apartments are ready to fulfill all your needs for quality living and welcome you with a thoughtful collection of amenities, floor plans, and exceptional customer service. Inside our spacious one and two-bedroom apartments, you’ll find what you need for a comfortable lifestyle starting with the charming balconies or patios and ending with our generous closet space. Our residents also get to enjoy notable community amenities such as charging stations for electric and hybrid vehicles, a fully-equipped fitness center, and so much more.. Give us a call and schedule a tour today!

textbook:
Lesson: How to Write an Apartment Listing Description
Introduction: Writing an apartment listing description is an essential skill for anyone looking to rent or lease an apartment. In this lesson, we will learn how to write a compelling apartment listing description that will attract potential tenants.
Section 1: Understanding the Target Audience
Before we start writing the apartment listing description, we need to understand who our target audience is. Are they families with children, young professionals, or retirees? Knowing the demographics of our target audience will help us tailor our language and highlight the features that matter most to them.
Section 2: Writing the Introduction
The introduction is the first thing that potential tenants will read, so it needs to be attention-grabbing. We can start with a statement that highlights the unique features of our apartment complex, such as "Welcome to Ralston Courtyards, where luxury meets convenience."
Section 3: Describing the Amenities
In this section, we will describe the amenities that come with living at Ralston Courtyards. We can mention the charging stations for electric and hybrid vehicles, the fully-equipped fitness center, and any other amenities that set our apartment complex apart from others. We can use bullet points to make the list easier to read.
Section 4: Describing the Apartments
Now that we have described the amenities, we can move on to describing the apartments themselves. We can start by highlighting the generous closet space and the charming balconies or patios. We can also mention any other features that make our apartments stand out, such as stainless steel appliances or hardwood floors.
Section 5: Conclusion
In the conclusion, we can summarize the key benefits of living at Ralston Courtyards. We can remind potential tenants that our apartment complex offers luxury, convenience, and a community that feels like home. We can also mention our exceptional customer service, which sets us apart from other apartment complexes.
Glossary:
- Luxury: A term used to describe high-quality, expensive, or elegant items or experiences.
- Convenience: A term used to describe the ease of access to services or facilities.
- Amenities: Features or services provided by an apartment complex, such as a fitness center or swimming pool.
- Target audience: The specific group of people that a piece of writing is aimed at.
- Demographics: Statistical data related to the characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, or income.
Conclusion: By following the steps outlined in this lesson, we can write an apartment listing description that will attract potential tenants. By understanding our target audience, highlighting the unique features of our apartment complex, and summarizing the key benefits of living there, we can create a compelling description that will help us stand out from other apartment complexes.


text: The "River Publishers Series in Circuits & Systems" is a series of comprehensive academic and professional books which focus on theory and applications of Circuit and Systems. This includes analog and digital integrated circuits, memory technologies, system-on-chip and processor design. The series also includes books on electronic design automation and design methodology, as well as computer aided design:

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Circuit and Systems

### Section 1: Theory

**Topic:** What are Circuit and Systems?

**Definition:** A circuit is a closed loop or pathway that allows electric current to flow. A system refers to a group of interacting components or entities that form a unified whole. In the context of electronics, circuits and systems refer to the design and analysis of electrical networks that perform specific functions.

**Examples:** An example of a circuit is a light switch that controls the flow of electricity to a light bulb. An example of a system is a computer, which consists of various components such as the motherboard, CPU, memory, and hard drive that work together to perform complex tasks.

**Questions:**
1. What are some examples of circuits and systems in everyday life?
2. How do circuits and systems work together to perform specific functions?
3. What are some common components found in circuits and systems?

### Section 2: Practice

**Topic:** Analog vs Digital Circuits and Systems

**Definition:** Analog circuits and systems deal with continuous signals and voltages, while digital circuits and systems use discrete signals and voltages to represent information in the form of binary code (0s and 1s).

**Examples:** An example of an analog circuit is a radio that receives and amplifies radio waves to produce sound. An example of a digital circuit is a computer that uses binary code to represent and process information.

**Questions:**
1. What are the differences between analog and digital circuits and systems?
2. When would you use one type of circuit over the other?
3. How do analog and digital circuits and systems interact with each other in modern electronic devices?

### Section 3: Application

**Topic:** Designing a Simple Circuit

**Definition:** A simple circuit is one that contains a few basic components such as resistors, capacitors, and transistors.

**Example:** Design a circuit that turns on a light bulb when a button is pressed.

**Steps:**
1. Draw a diagram of the circuit using symbols for the components.
2. Label the components and their values (e.g., resistor, capacitor, transistor).
3. Identify the input (button) and output (light bulb).
4. Determine the voltage and current requirements for the circuit.
5. Choose appropriate components to meet the requirements.
6. Connect the components in the correct order.
7. Test the circuit to ensure it works correctly.

**Questions:**
1. What are some common components used in simple circuits?
2. How do you design a circuit that performs a specific function?
3. What are some tips for troubleshooting circuit designs?

### Glossary

**Term:**
- Circuit: A closed loop or pathway that allows electric current to flow.
- System: A group of interacting components or entities that form a unified whole.
- Component: A part or element that makes up a larger system.
- Voltage: A measure of the potential difference between two points in an electrical circuit.
- Current: A measure of the flow of electric charge through a circuit.
- Resistor: A component that regulates the flow of current in a circuit.
- Capacitor: A component that stores electrical energy in an electric field.
- Transistor: A component that amplifies or switches electronic signals and power.
- Binary code: A system of representing information using only two digits (0s and 1s).

### Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the basics of circuit and systems, including their definitions, examples, and common components. We also practiced designing a simple circuit and applied our knowledge to a real-world scenario. By understanding the principles behind circuits and systems, we can apply these skills to design and analyze more complex electronic devices and systems.


text:
Q:

Amazon EC2 and EBS disk space problem

I am having a problem reconciling the space available on my EBS volume. According to the AWS console the volume is 50GB and is attached to an instance.
If I ssh to this instance and do a df -h, I get the following output:

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1              15G   13G  3.0G  81% /
udev                  858M   76K  858M   1% /dev
none                  858M     0  858M   0% /dev/shm
none                  858M   72K  858M   1% /var/run
none                  858M     0  858M   0% /var/lock
none                  858M     0  858M   0% /lib/init/rw

I am pretty new to AWS. I interpret this as "there is a device attached and it has 15GB capacity. Whats more, you're nearly out of space!"
Can anyone point out the cause of the apparent discrepancy between the space advertised in the console and what is displayed on the instance?
Many thanks in advance
S

A:

Yes, the issue is simple. The volume is only associated with the instance, but not mounted.
Check on the AWS console which drive it is mounted as - most likely /dev/sdf.
Then (on ubuntu):
sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdf
sudo mkdir /ebs
sudo mount /dev/sdf /ebs

The first line formats the volume - using the ext3 file system type. This is pretty standard -- but depending on your usage (e.g. app server, database server, ...) you could also select another one like ext4 or xfs.
The second command creates a mount point and the third mounts it into it. This means that effectively, the new volume will be at /ebs. It should also show up in df now.
Last but not least, maybe also add an entry to /etc/fstab to make it reboot-proof.

A:

Here is the simple way...
Assuming that you are using a linux AMI, in your case you have an easy method for increasing the size of the file system:
1) Stop the instance
2) Detach the root volume
3) Snapshot the volume
4) Create a new volume from the snapshot using the new size
5) Attach the new volume to the instance on the same place where the original one was
6) Start the instance, stop all services except ssh and set the root filesystem read only
7) Enlarge the filesystem (using for example resize2fs) and or the partition if needed
8) Reboot
As an alternative you can also launch a new instance and map the instance storage or you can create a new ami combining the two previous steps.

A:

Perhaps the original 15 GB Volume was cloned into a 50 GB volume but then not resized?
Please see this tutorial on how to clone and resize: How to increase disk space on existing AWS EC2 Linux (Ubuntu) Instance without losing data
Hope that helps.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Disk Space and File Systems in Cloud Computing

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about disk space and file systems in cloud computing, specifically focusing on Amazon Web Services (AWS). We will cover the following topics:

1. Introduction to cloud computing and AWS
2. Understanding disk space and file systems
3. Solving a problem with EBS and disk space

Level: Primary through High School

Section 1: Introduction to Cloud Computing and AWS

Cloud computing is a technology that allows users to access computing resources such as processing power, storage, and networking over the internet. It eliminates the need for physical servers and hardware. One of the most popular cloud providers is Amazon Web Services (AWS).

Section 2: Understanding Disk Space and File Systems

Disk space refers to the amount of storage available on a computer or server. In cloud computing, disk space is usually measured in gigabytes (GB) or terabytes (TB). File systems are the way data is organized and stored on a disk.

In AWS, disk space can be provisioned in several ways, including Elastic Block Store (EBS), Amazon Elastic File System (EFS), and Glacier. EBS provides block-level storage volumes that can be attached to instances, while EFS provides file-level storage for use with multiple instances. Glacier is used for long-term storage of data that is not frequently accessed.

Section 3: Solving a Problem with EBS and Disk Space

A user is having a problem reconciling the space available on their EBS volume. According to the AWS console, the volume is 50 GB, but when they ssh to the instance and run the command "df -h," they see that the device is only 15 GB in size.

The issue is that the volume is only associated with the instance, but not mounted. On the AWS console, the user needs to check which drive the volume is mounted as - most likely "/dev/sdf." Then, they should run the following commands:

```
sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdf
sudo mkdir /ebs
sudo mount /dev/sdf /ebs
```

This will create a new ext3 file system on the device, create a directory for the mounted volume, and mount the device at "/ebs." Once these steps are completed, the user should be able to see the correct disk space usage on the instance.

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned about disk space and file systems in cloud computing, specifically focusing on AWS. We also solved a problem related to EBS and disk space. This knowledge can be applied to other scenarios where disk space and file systems are involved in cloud computing.

Glossary:

- Cloud computing: A technology that allows users to access computing resources such as processing power, storage, and networking over the internet.
- Amazon Web Services (AWS): A cloud provider that offers various services for computing, storage, and networking.
- Disk space: The amount of storage available on a computer or server.
- File systems: The way data is organized and stored on a disk.
- Elastic Block Store (EBS): A service provided by AWS that offers block-level storage volumes that can be attached to instances.
- Amazon Elastic File System (EFS): A service provided by AWS that offers file-level storage for use with multiple instances.
- Glacier: A service provided by AWS for long-term storage of data that is not frequently accessed.
- Ext3: A file system type that is optimized for data integrity and can handle large files and file systems.