text: nike shoes air force one af1, rift,dunk sb. View product on supplier's website. Supplier Details. Forever Nike Jordan Shoes Co. Ltd. Free Member (2005). [ China ]. Business Type: Manufacturer, Trading Company. Supplier has 178 products. Quick Details. Product Description. Our side is a professional wholesale export company for all kinds of sports shoes . The main Nike, Adidas, timberland, dior and Reebok, etc. especially handling the Nike shoes like Shox NZ, R4, TL, TL2, TL3, Turbo, Monster, Air Max 95, 97, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006;TN; Air Force 1, Dunk, Air Jordan I-XXI. You can get every detail of them on our website;

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding Supply Chain Management

Introduction:
Supply chain management is the process of managing the flow of goods and services from raw materials to the final consumer. It involves coordinating and optimizing the activities of multiple organizations, including suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and customers. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of supply chain management and how it affects businesses.

Section 1: What is Supply Chain Management?

Supply chain management is the process of managing the flow of goods and services from raw materials to the final consumer. It involves coordinating and optimizing the activities of multiple organizations, including suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and customers. The goal of supply chain management is to ensure that the right products are delivered to the right place at the right time, in the right quantity, and at the lowest possible cost.

Questions:
- What is supply chain management?
- Why is supply chain management important?
- Who are the stakeholders involved in supply chain management?

Section 2: The Importance of Supply Chain Management

Supply chain management is crucial for businesses because it helps them manage their inventory, reduce costs, and improve customer satisfaction. By optimizing the supply chain, businesses can reduce the time and cost associated with producing and delivering products to customers. This can lead to increased profits and a competitive advantage in the market.

Questions:
- Why is supply chain management important for businesses?
- What are the benefits of supply chain management?
- How can supply chain management improve customer satisfaction?

Section 3: The Role of Technology in Supply Chain Management

Technology plays a significant role in supply chain management. It enables businesses to track and monitor the movement of goods and services from raw materials to the final consumer. This helps them to identify potential bottlenecks and optimize their supply chain operations. Some of the technologies used in supply chain management include:

- Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems
- Warehouse Management Systems (WMS)
- Transportation Management Systems (TMS)
- Supply Chain Visibility Software

Questions:
- What role does technology play in supply chain management?
- What are some of the technologies used in supply chain management?
- How can technology improve supply chain efficiency?

Conclusion:
In conclusion, supply chain management is a critical aspect of business operations. By coordinating and optimizing the activities of multiple organizations, businesses can ensure that they deliver the right products to the right place at the right time, in the right quantity, and at the lowest possible cost. As technology continues to evolve, supply chain management will become even more efficient and effective, leading to improved customer satisfaction and increased profitability for businesses.

Glossary:
- Supply Chain Management (SCM): The process of managing the flow of goods and services from raw materials to the final consumer.
- Stakeholders: Individuals or groups who have an interest in the operations and performance of a business.
- Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): A software application that helps businesses manage their resources, including inventory, finances, and human resources.
- Warehouse Management System (WMS): A software application that helps businesses manage their warehouse operations, including inventory tracking, order picking, and shipping.
- Transportation Management System (TMS): A software application that helps businesses manage their transportation and logistics operations, including route optimization, load planning, and carrier selection.
- Supply Chain Visibility Software: A software application that helps businesses track and monitor the movement of goods and services throughout the supply chain.


text: The Second Tuesday is always Hostess Club! I design a layout and the clubbies can come and create their own layout and based on my design!. So here's my design.... and here are their creations:. Here's Kathy's layout... She did Gatlin's birthday and she used Baby Cakes. and look... she even has pictures on it!!. This is Michelle's first time coming... thank you Theresa for bringing her! I think she had a lovely time and a beautiful layout!. Here's Theresa's layout! The blue is perfect for this layout and the yellow is a great accent too.... The left page also has three flip flaps, an 8x12, a 6x12 and a 4x4... so room for lots of photos! We missed lots of girls tonight! Hope to see ya'll next month.. The next Hostess Club will be Tuesday December 9th and Pat Burington will be the hostess!! Woot Woot!!

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson Title: Hostess Club and Layout Design

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about Hostess Club and Layout Design. We will explore the importance of Hostess Club, the process of designing a layout, and how to create a beautiful layout that showcases your creativity and personality.

Section 1: Hostess Club

Hostess Club is a gathering of friends who share a common interest in scrapbooking or card making. It is a time for creativity, friendship, and inspiration. Hostess Clubs can be held in person or online, and they provide an opportunity for people to come together, share ideas, and create beautiful projects.

Questions and Answers:
- What is Hostess Club?
- Why do people join Hostess Club?
- How often does Hostess Club meet?

Section 2: Layout Design

Layout design is the process of creating a plan for the placement of elements on a page. In scrapbooking, this means deciding where to place photos, journaling, embellishments, and other design elements. A well-designed layout can make all the difference in a scrapbook page, as it helps to tell a story and draw the viewer's attention to the most important parts of the page.

Questions and Answers:
- What is layout design?
- Why is layout design important in scrapbooking?
- How do you create a good layout?

Section 3: Creating a Beautiful Layout

Creating a beautiful layout involves several steps, including selecting the right paper and embellishments, choosing the right placement for photos and journaling, and adding finishing touches that make the page unique. Here are some tips for creating a beautiful layout:

Tip 1: Start with a color scheme and stick to it. Choose three colors that work well together and use them throughout the page.
Tip 2: Use a variety of embellishments to add texture and dimension to the page. This can include ribbons, buttons, stickers, and more.
Tip 3: Don't be afraid to mix and match different styles. You can combine vintage and modern elements, or use traditional and non-traditional shapes.
Tip 4: Add journaling to tell the story behind the photos. This can be done in a variety of ways, such as using stickers, handwriting, or even printing out a photo of the journaling.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about Hostess Club and Layout Design. We explored the importance of Hostess Club, the process of designing a layout, and how to create a beautiful layout that showcases your creativity and personality. By following these tips and techniques, you can create stunning scrapbook pages that tell a story and capture memories forever.

Glossary:
- Hostess Club: A gathering of friends who share a common interest in scrapbooking or card making.
- Layout Design: The process of creating a plan for the placement of elements on a page.
- Scrapbooking: The hobby of preserving memories by creating albums or pages filled with photos, journaling, and other decorative elements.
- Embellishments: Decorative elements used to enhance a scrapbook page, such as ribbons, buttons, and stickers.


text: Put a little crazy, a little ambition and a little talent into a mixing bowl - and you get Kellee Riley.. With a passion for art and the desire to be a "workafrolic", there's not much she won't take on.. After a few years of working at American Greetings working on properties such as Strawberry Shortcake, Carebears, Popples, and Holly Hobbie and Friends, Kellee struck out on her own and founded KelleeArt Design Studio, LTD.. Since then, she's gone on to work on many other major properties including Barbie, My Little Pony, Spongebob Squarepants, Dora the Explorer, Polly Pocket, Littlest Pet Shop, etc. and has worked for clients including Mattel, Hasbro, Nickelodeon, Disney, Dreamworks, Random House, Simon and Schuster and more.. Right now, she's most noted for being the original illustrator on Mattel's extremely successful brand, Monster High.. Thank you so much for taking the time to visit my little site!

textbook:
Lesson:
Title: The Power of Passion and Perseverance: Kellee Riley's Journey to Success
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the life and career of Kellee Riley, an artist who has achieved great success through her passion, ambition, and talent. We will explore how her journey can serve as an inspiration for anyone who wants to pursue their dreams and achieve their goals.
Section 1: The Importance of Passion and Ambition
Passion and ambition are two essential qualities that can help us achieve our goals and lead us to success. Kellee Riley is a perfect example of how these qualities can help us achieve great things. She had a passion for art since she was a child, and she never gave up on her dreams. She was determined to succeed, and she worked hard to achieve her goals.
Questions:
1. What is the importance of having a passion for something?
2. How does ambition help us achieve our goals?
3. Can we achieve success without having passion and ambition?
Section 2: The Value of Talent
Talent is another crucial quality that can help us achieve success. Kellee Riley is a talented artist, and her talent has helped her achieve great things. She has worked on many major properties, including Barbie, My Little Pony, Spongebob Squarepants, Dora the Explorer, Polly Pocket, Littlest Pet Shop, etc. Her talent has allowed her to work with some of the biggest companies in the world.
Questions:
1. What is the importance of talent?
2. Can we achieve success without having talent?
3. How can we develop our talent?
Section 3: The Power of Perseverance
Perseverance is the ability to keep going even when things get tough. Kellee Riley faced many challenges in her career, but she never gave up. She continued to work hard and pursue her dreams, and eventually, she achieved great success.
Questions:
1. What is the importance of perseverance?
2. Can we achieve success without perseverance?
3. How can we develop our perseverance?
Conclusion:
Kellee Riley's journey to success is an inspiration to us all. She achieved great things because she had passion, ambition, and talent, and she persevered even when things got tough. We can learn from her journey and apply these same principles to our own lives. By pursuing our passions, working hard, and never giving up, we can achieve our goals and lead a successful life.
Glossary:
- Passion: A strong feeling or emotion toward something
- Ambition: A strong desire to achieve something
- Talent: A natural ability or skill
- Perseverance: The ability to keep going even when things get tough


text: RSS Back to Calendar Events. Weight Loss Surgery Informational Seminar. Submit Your Event | Questions? E-mail Us. 04/02/2013 · 05:00 PM - 06:30 PM. Location:. Learn about surgical options for severe obesity including gastric bypass, laparoscopic adjustable gastric band and laparoscopic gastric sleeve.. Location:. Holiday Inn, 3803 13th Ave. S.. Fargo, ND

textbook:
Title: RSS Back to Calendar Events

### Lesson: Introduction to RSS Feeds and Calendar Events

### Level: Primary School

### Topics Covered:
- What is an RSS feed?
- What is a calendar event?
- How do RSS feeds and calendar events work together?

### Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
- Define what an RSS feed is and how it works.
- Explain what a calendar event is and how it relates to RSS feeds.
- Understand the basic functionality of RSS feeds and calendar events.

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
What is an RSS feed?
An RSS feed is a type of web feed that provides users with frequently updated content from a website. It is usually represented by a series of HTML codes that are combined to form a single document. This document can then be read by other programs or websites that support RSS feeds.

What is a calendar event?
A calendar event is an appointment or scheduled activity that is added to a calendar. It usually includes information such as the date, time, location, and description of the event.

How do RSS feeds and calendar events work together?
RSS feeds and calendar events work together by allowing users to stay informed about upcoming events without having to constantly check their calendar. An RSS feed can be set up to automatically update whenever a new event is added to a calendar. This means that users can subscribe to an RSS feed of their calendar and receive notifications whenever a new event is added.

### Section 2: Practical Examples
Let's say that you have a calendar event for a meeting with your friend next week. You can create an RSS feed for your calendar and subscribe to it using a program like Google Calendar. Whenever you add a new event to your calendar, such as the meeting with your friend, the RSS feed will automatically update and you will receive a notification.

Another example could be a sports team that uses an RSS feed to keep their fans informed about upcoming games and events. The team can add new events to their calendar and the RSS feed will automatically update to include the latest information. Fans can then subscribe to the RSS feed and receive notifications about upcoming games and events.

### Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions
Why are RSS feeds and calendar events important?
RSS feeds and calendar events are important because they allow users to stay informed and organized. By using an RSS feed, users can easily keep track of changes to their calendar and receive notifications about upcoming events. This can help them plan their schedules more effectively and ensure that they don't miss any important appointments. Additionally, RSS feeds can be used to share information with others, such as friends or family members, who may also want to stay informed about upcoming events.

### Glossary:
- RSS feed: A type of web feed that provides users with frequently updated content from a website.
- Calendar event: An appointment or scheduled activity that is added to a calendar.
- Web feed: A data format used for sharing content, such as news articles or blog posts, between websites.

### Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about RSS feeds and calendar events and how they work together. We covered theoretical concepts, provided practical examples, and engaged in self-debating discussions. By understanding the basics of RSS feeds and calendar events, students can begin to use these tools to stay informed and organized in their daily lives.


text: Banner ads, display networks, and social media advertising not only fall short of delivering a memorable brand experience to readers — they’re increasingly automatically blocked by new technologies or programmatically ignored by viewers with the same efficiency with which the ads are served.. New to native content advertising? It means that your ads don’t rush to a call to action, but deliver value to readers en route to building a relationship with them. Readers can smell an “ad” a mile away but respond better to stories, genuine messages, and other forms of content that bring them value without explicitly asking anything of them in return.. Download our Media Kit below to learn more about how we partner with companies large and small. And if you don’t have the internal bandwidth to develop the content to drive native content campaigns — don’t worry. Our team specializes in the daily creation of fresh content and we can work with you to to bring your message to life.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Native Content Advertising - A Modern Approach to Advertising

Introduction:
Advertising has come a long way since its inception. From billboards to radio commercials, print ads to television commercials, and now digital ads, advertisers have always strived to find new ways to reach their target audience. However, with the rise of ad blockers and viewers' growing disinterest in traditional ads, a new approach to advertising is needed. Enter native content advertising.

What is Native Content Advertising?
Native content advertising refers to the practice of incorporating advertising content into a website or app's natural user experience. Instead of interrupting the user's experience with a pop-up ad or banner, native content blends in with the rest of the content on the page. This type of advertising is designed to provide value to the reader while subtly promoting a product or service.

Why Native Content Advertising Works
Native content advertising works because it provides value to the reader. By delivering content that is relevant, interesting, and engaging, advertisers can build trust and credibility with their audience. This approach is particularly effective when used in conjunction with social media platforms, where users are already consuming content in a similar format.

How to Create Effective Native Content Advertising
Creating effective native content advertising requires a deep understanding of your target audience. You need to know what types of content they are interested in, what platforms they use, and what motivates them to take action. Once you have this information, you can create content that speaks directly to them, building a relationship based on trust and value.

Examples of Native Content Advertising
There are many examples of native content advertising, including sponsored articles, sponsored social media posts, and sponsored videos. For example, a company could create a series of short videos that showcase the benefits of their product or service, then share these videos on social media platforms like Facebook or YouTube. Alternatively, they could sponsor an article on a popular blog or website, ensuring that the content is relevant and valuable to the site's audience.

Conclusion:
Native content advertising is a powerful tool for reaching today's savvy consumers. By providing value and building relationships, advertisers can create a positive association with their brand, leading to increased trust, credibility, and ultimately, sales. Whether you're new to native content advertising or looking to take your existing campaigns to the next level, the key is to focus on delivering value to your audience. With a little creativity and a lot of hard work, you can create advertising that resonates with your target market and drives results.

Glossary:
- Native content: Content that is created specifically for a particular platform or audience, blending seamlessly into the user experience.
- Ad blockers: Software that prevents ads from appearing on web pages.
- Target audience: The specific group of people that an advertiser is trying to reach with their message.


text: - THE MAGAZINE. - CATEGORY FOCUS. - BEVERAGE R&D. - PACKAGING. - OPERATIONS. - RESOURCES. - MULTIMEDIA. - EVENTS Ro.. • Matilda Freund, senior director food safety, Kraft Foods. Matilda, they are key partners in the product development process to ensure appropriate design and stability from the product, process and distribution perspective. Over her 20 year career at Kraft, Freund has held various positions including product development, sanitation, quality and production management.. • J Brent Brehmer, corporate manager regulatory compliance and HACCP, Hormel.. For more information about all the sessions at the GMA Manufacturing Excellence Conference visit:

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Food Science and Technology

### Section 1: What is Food Science and Technology?
Food Science and Technology is the study of how food is produced, processed, and distributed. It involves understanding the physical, chemical, and biological changes that occur during these processes. This knowledge helps us create safe, nutritious, and tasty food products that meet consumer demands.

### Section 2: Why is Food Science and Technology Important?
Food Science and Technology is important because it helps us understand the complex interactions between ingredients, processing conditions, and final product quality. By studying these interactions, we can develop new food products, improve existing ones, and ensure that they are safe to eat. Additionally, Food Science and Technology plays a crucial role in addressing global challenges such as food waste, malnutrition, and climate change.

### Section 3: Who are some key players in Food Science and Technology?
Some key players in Food Science and Technology include scientists, engineers, and technologists who work together to develop and improve food products. They may work in research and development, quality control, or production management. Additionally, government agencies and industry associations play an important role in regulating and promoting food safety and quality.

### Section 4: What are some common areas of focus in Food Science and Technology?
Some common areas of focus in Food Science and Technology include product development, packaging, operations, and food safety. Product development involves creating new food products or improving existing ones. Packaging involves designing and selecting materials that protect food from spoilage and contamination. Operations involve managing the production process to ensure efficiency and quality. Finally, food safety involves ensuring that food products are safe for consumption.

### Section 5: How does Food Science and Technology impact our daily lives?
Food Science and Technology impacts our daily lives in many ways. For example, it helps us create delicious and nutritious food products that we enjoy every day. It also helps us understand how different ingredients and processing methods affect the taste, texture, and shelf life of food. Additionally, Food Science and Technology plays a critical role in addressing global challenges such as food waste, malnutrition, and climate change.

### Conclusion:
In conclusion, Food Science and Technology is a fascinating field that combines science, technology, and business to create delicious, nutritious, and safe food products. By understanding the principles and practices of Food Science and Technology, we can make informed decisions about the food we eat and contribute to a better world.

### Glossary:
- Food Science: The study of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of food and its components.
- Technology: The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry.
- Product Development: The process of creating new food products or improving existing ones.
- Packaging: The design and selection of materials used to protect food from spoilage and contamination.
- Operations: The management of food production processes to ensure efficiency and quality.
- Food Safety: The practice of ensuring that food products are safe for consumption.


text: Welcome to Odyssea Marine. Odyssea Marine, Inc. is a boutique marine transportation company serving all aspects of the offshore oil and gas industry. We operate a worldwide capable fleet of Dynamic Positioning 2 and Dynamic Positioning 1 offshore vessels ranging from 265' in length to 170' in length.. We focus on customer service while providing safe and healthy working conditions. Our goal is to maintain an incident free and pollution-free operating practice that complies with all applicable national and international regulations, standards and guidelines.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Marine Transportation

## Section 1: What is Marine Transportation?
Marine transportation refers to the movement of people, animals, and goods by water. It is an essential part of global trade, as it allows for the transport of large quantities of goods across oceans and seas. This form of transportation is used to move everything from food and clothing to raw materials and manufactured goods.

## Section 2: Types of Marine Vessels
There are many different types of marine vessels used in marine transportation. Some of the most common types include container ships, tankers, cargo ships, and passenger ships. Each type of vessel has its own unique purpose and function.

Container ships are used to transport large amounts of cargo in containers. Tankers are used to transport liquids such as oil and chemicals. Cargo ships are used to transport a wide range of goods, including raw materials and finished products. Passenger ships are used to transport people by sea.

## Section 3: Safety and Environmental Considerations
Safety is a top priority in marine transportation. All crew members must be trained in safety procedures and emergency response. Vessels must also be equipped with safety equipment such as life jackets, fire extinguishers, and lifeboats.

Environmental considerations are also important in marine transportation. Vessels must follow rules and regulations to reduce pollution and protect the environment. For example, they must use low-sulfur fuel and have systems in place to prevent oil spills.

## Section 4: The Role of Technology
Technology plays a crucial role in marine transportation. Advanced navigation systems, communication equipment, and propulsion systems help vessels operate safely and efficiently. These technologies also help reduce the environmental impact of marine transportation.

## Section 5: Conclusion
Marine transportation is a vital part of global trade. Understanding the basics of this industry can help you appreciate the importance of this form of transportation and its impact on our daily lives. By learning about the different types of marine vessels, safety procedures, and environmental considerations, you can gain a better understanding of this important industry.


text: INTERNATIONAL - Apple ditched plans to build an 850million (R12.68billion) data centre in Ireland, because of delays in the approval process that have stalled the project for more than three years.. Apple announced plans in February 2015 to build the facility in the town of Athenry to take advantage of green energy sources nearby, but planning appeals, chiefly from two individuals, delayed its approval. Ireland’s High Court ruled in October that the data centre could proceed, but the appellants then took their case to the country’s Supreme Court.. - REUTERS

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Timely Approval Processes in Business

**Introduction**

In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of timely approval processes in business. We will explore how delays in the approval process can impact a company's ability to complete a project, and why it is crucial to have efficient systems in place to ensure that projects are approved in a timely manner.

**Main Topics**

1. The Importance of Timely Approval Processes
2. The Impact of Delays in the Approval Process
3. Efficient Systems for Approval Processes
4. Case Study: Apple's Data Center in Ireland
5. Conclusion

**The Importance of Timely Approval Processes**

In business, it is essential to have efficient systems in place to ensure that projects are approved in a timely manner. This is because delays in the approval process can lead to missed opportunities, increased costs, and lost revenue.

**The Impact of Delays in the Approval Process**

Delays in the approval process can have several negative impacts on a company. For example, if a project is delayed, it may result in missed deadlines, which can cause the company to lose business or damage its reputation. Additionally, delays can lead to increased costs, as the project may require additional resources or personnel to complete. Finally, delays can result in lost revenue, as the company may miss out on opportunities to generate income.

**Efficient Systems for Approval Processes**

To avoid delays in the approval process, companies should have efficient systems in place. This includes having clear guidelines and procedures for submitting proposals, assigning them to the appropriate reviewers, and tracking their progress through the approval process. Additionally, companies should have a system for ensuring that all necessary information is provided before the proposal is submitted, and that all required approvals are obtained before the project begins.

**Case Study: Apple's Data Center in Ireland**

Apple announced plans in February 2015 to build a data center in the town of Athenry, Ireland, to take advantage of green energy sources nearby. However, delays in the approval process, chiefly due to appeals from two individuals, stalled the project for more than three years. Despite the High Court ruling in October that the data center could proceed, the appellants took their case to the country's Supreme Court, further delaying the project.

This case study illustrates the importance of timely approval processes in business. Delays in the approval process can have significant negative impacts, as Apple's experience demonstrates.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, it is crucial for companies to have efficient systems in place to ensure that projects are approved in a timely manner. Delays in the approval process can lead to missed opportunities, increased costs, and lost revenue. By implementing effective systems for approval processes, companies can avoid these negative impacts and ensure that their projects are completed successfully.

**Glossary**
- Approval process: The process by which a proposal is reviewed, evaluated, and approved by the appropriate authorities before it can be implemented.
- Proposal: A written or verbal suggestion or plan for consideration by others.
- Deadline: A time limit for completing a task, after which it cannot be done.
- Reputation: The opinion that people in general have about a person or thing.
- Resources: Materials or support that is needed for a particular activity or project.
- Personnel: The employees of a company or organization.

**Self-Debate Discussion**

1. How might delays in the approval process impact a company's ability to complete a project?
2. What are some ways that companies can ensure that projects are approved in a timely manner?
3. Can you think of any other examples of projects that have been delayed due to delays in the approval process?


text:
Tag Results

Smaller law firms are struggling to retain their junior partners in advance of tough new capital requirements set out by HM Revenue & Customs in its crackdown on fixed-share partners avoiding PAYE tax, an executive search firm has claimed.

The Chancellor George Osborne yesterday confirmed that there would be no delay in introducing the changes to the way LLPs are taxed, which has left many firms seeking funding for capital contributions.

Reformed HMRC rules dealing with the taxation of partnerships will obstruct “innocent” firms trying to invest in their businesses and force them to modify their profit-sharing arrangements, according to a leading firm of accountants.

The government’s proposed tax reforms for limited liability partnerships (LLPs) are “haphazard”, “incoherent”, backward looking, and would introduce a “bizarre distinction” between business entities, according to the Law Society.

HMRC is set to scrutinise the status of law firm partners after measures announced in the Budget. The Treasury is to consult on removing the presumption of self-employment for LLP partners and on countering the “artificial allocation of profits to partners”.

A former fixed-share partner at south-coast law firm Lester Aldridge has lost his appeal against a ruling that he was a partner and not an employee in the limited liability partnership and so unable to claim unfair dismissal.

Is partnership an “inefficient and unattractive” structure that should be ditched to survive in the new legal marketplace, or is it a viable current model with much to offer lawyers wanting flexible governance and discretion? Both sides were put at a conference this week.

With the days of full distribution of profits to partners coming to an end, Mark Waddilove, a tax director at accountants Baker Tilly, and Jonathan Cheney, a managing associate at national law firm Addleshaw Goddard, explain how a corporate member of an LLP can mitigate the tax charges on retained profits

The number of incorporated law firms has risen sharply in the past year, with more than a fifth of legal practices now limited companies. According to Solicitors Regulation Authority figures, 2,400 of the 10,973 law firms as of July were incorporated companies, compared to 1,898 a year before – a rise of 26%.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Tax Reforms for Law Firms

Introduction:
Tax reforms are an essential part of any government's fiscal policy. They help to regulate the economy, promote fairness, and ensure that everyone pays their fair share of taxes. In this lesson, we will learn about the tax reforms for law firms in the UK and understand how they affect smaller law firms.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is to understand the impact of tax reforms on smaller law firms and how they can adapt to the new requirements.

Section 1: Understanding the Tax Reforms

Question: What are the new capital requirements set out by HM Revenue & Customs?
Answer: The new capital requirements set out by HM Revenue & Customs are aimed at cracking down on fixed-share partners avoiding PAYE tax.

Question: How will the new rules affect smaller law firms?
Answer: The new rules will require smaller law firms to make capital contributions, which can be difficult for them to do. This may lead to a struggle to retain junior partners.

Question: Why is the government implementing these tax reforms?
Answer: The government is implementing these tax reforms to promote fairness and ensure that everyone pays their fair share of taxes.

Section 2: Understanding the Impact on Smaller Law Firms

Question: How will the new rules affect smaller law firms that are seeking funding for capital contributions?
Answer: The new rules will make it more difficult for smaller law firms to obtain funding for capital contributions, which can be a significant challenge for them.

Question: How can smaller law firms adapt to the new requirements?
Answer: Smaller law firms can adapt to the new requirements by finding alternative sources of funding or by restructuring their partnership agreements to comply with the new rules.

Section 3: Applying the Skills Gained from this Topic

Question: How can we apply the skills gained from this topic to new problems?
Answer: By understanding the impact of tax reforms on smaller law firms, we can apply this knowledge to other industries and situations where tax reforms are implemented. We can also use this knowledge to analyze the potential impact of future tax reforms on different industries.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding the tax reforms for law firms in the UK is essential for anyone interested in the legal industry or tax policy. By analyzing the impact of these reforms on smaller law firms, we can gain insights into how other industries may be affected by similar policies. By applying the skills gained from this topic, we can better understand the potential impact of future tax reforms and develop strategies to mitigate negative effects.


text: Merlin, World’s Smallest Chainsaw. This video shows you the correct way to use Merlin and its accessories. Merlin is the world’s smallest chainsaw and is great for bowl making, detail work on carvings, hoof trimming and taxidermy.. Originally posted 2011-08-02 15:59:39. Republished by Blog Post Promoter. Great tool. I use the whole range of King Arthur tools and they all help me turn my visions into reality quickly and efficiently.. If I could offer some friendly criticism–please ditch the music. It is so obtrusive and obnoxious I had to mute my speakers. What are you trying to accomplish here–present information on your tools or make music videos?. where can you get these in the UK ? I want one!!!!!!!!. want one of these!!

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Mathematical Abstraction

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Mathematical abstraction is the process of removing unnecessary details from a problem to simplify it and make it easier to solve. This involves breaking down complex problems into smaller, more manageable parts and focusing on the essential features of the problem.

## Section 2: Questions and Answers

**Question:** Why is mathematical abstraction important?
**Answer:** Mathematical abstraction is important because it allows us to understand and solve complex problems more easily. By removing unnecessary details, we can focus on the most important aspects of the problem and find solutions more quickly.

**Question:** How does mathematical abstraction relate to real-world scenarios?
**Answer:** Mathematical abstraction is used in many real-world scenarios, such as in engineering, finance, and science. By simplifying problems, we can better understand and analyze them, leading to more effective solutions.

## Section 3: Definitions and Examples

**Definition:** A mathematical abstraction is a generalization of a specific problem that removes unnecessary details to simplify the problem and make it easier to solve.

**Example:** Let's say we have a problem involving a complex system with many variables and interactions. To simplify the problem, we can abstract away the specific details of the system and focus on the most important features, such as the inputs and outputs of the system.

## Section 4: Practical Examples

**Example 1:** Suppose we want to find the shortest path between two points on a map. Instead of considering every possible route and calculating the distance for each one, we can use mathematical abstraction to simplify the problem. We can abstract away the specific details of the map and focus on the most important features, such as the distances between different points. This allows us to use algorithms like Dijkstra's algorithm to find the shortest path more efficiently.

**Example 2:** In finance, mathematical abstraction is used to simplify complex financial models and make them easier to analyze. For example, instead of considering every possible variable that affects stock prices, we can abstract away the specific details and focus on the most important factors, such as market trends and economic indicators. This allows us to make more accurate predictions about future stock prices.

## Glossary

- **Abstraction**: The process of removing unnecessary details from a problem to simplify it and make it easier to solve.
- **Generalization**: A mathematical abstraction is a generalization of a specific problem that removes unnecessary details to simplify the problem and make it easier to solve.
- **Algorithm**: A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem.
- **Dijkstra's algorithm**: An algorithm for finding the shortest path between two points on a graph.

## Conclusion

Mathematical abstraction is an important tool for simplifying complex problems and making them easier to solve. By removing unnecessary details and focusing on the most important aspects of the problem, we can find more effective solutions. This skill is applicable to many real-world scenarios, such as engineering, finance, and science. By understanding and applying mathematical abstraction, we can develop critical thinking skills and become better problem-solvers.


text:
Attack of the flesh-eating bananas!

Latest Web hoax slanders America's most beloved fruit.

All Share Services

In a rumor sure to wreak chaos at the Chimp Channel, an e-mail passed along by thousands of credulous netizens has spread the false report that several shipments of Costa Rican bananas to the United States have been infected by the bacteria that cause necrotizing fasciitis, otherwise known as the “flesh-eating” disease.

According to the erroneous e-mail, signed by a nonexistent “Manheim Research Institute,” necrotizing fasciitis has “decimated the monkey population in Costa Rica.” Anonymous researchers at the “MRI” state that “the disease has been able to graft itself to the skin of fruits in the region,” most notably the banana.

Talk about “Bedtime for Bonzo” — something like this could spell the end for the Animal Planet channel. Jane Goodall could be forced into early retirement. And what will the knuckle draggers in George W. Bush’s campaign staff eat?

(OK, OK. That last bit’s unfair — to the primates.)

Necrotizing fasciitis is caused when certain forms of streptococcus bacteria infect the skin through a cut or a scratch. They attack the subcutaneous (soft) tissue and spread very quickly, leaving dead tissue in their wake. Left untreated, an infection can lead to amputation or death.

The e-mail says the federal government hasn’t issued a banana alert for fear of causing a panic. (That’s a job for others.) So the e-mail advises everyone to lay off the banana daiquiris and Jell-O pudding pops for two or three weeks, until the scare passes.

If you come down with a fever and a skin infection after noshing on a ‘naner, you’re supposed to get to an M.D. pronto. If you’re more than an hour from a medical center, the e-mail advises, “burn the flesh ahead of the infected area to help slow the spread of the infection.” Ouch!

Sure, that may look like a mosquito bite on your arm. But just in case, a bottle of lighter fluid and a box of matches will clean that sucker right up.

Before you fire up your Bunsen burner, check it out: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta says the report is a bunch of hooey that has been going around the Web since January.

Seems the usual route of transmission for flesh-eating bacteria is person to person, not banana to person or banana to monkey.

The CDC hasn’t been keeping tabs on how many phone calls it has received on the topic, but it does have a banana-rama hot line set up at (404) 371-5375. And its Web site includes information debunking the rumor.

Fallis says the CDC recorded about 800 cases of necrotizing fasciitis in 1998: “That sounds like a lot, until you compare it to several million cases of strep throat each year.”

Tim Debus, vice president of the International Banana Association, denounces the hoax as a case of Internet terrorism comparable to hacker attacks on popular Web sites. “When we first heard about it in January, it sounded too unbelievable to be believable,” says Debus. “But when you’re talking about a food product, people will err on the side of caution.” Go figure.

Debus says his trade organization doesn’t have figures indicating whether the prank has affected sales, but he reports that his office has gotten hundreds of inquiries about it in the past three months. And the e-mail is still showing up in people’s mailboxes. No one seems to know where the rumor started.

He says it’s a particularly insidious rumor considering the fact that Americans consume upward of 28 pounds of bananas per capita in a given year and that 98 percent of all U.S. households have purchased bananas in the past month. I guess America’s the original “Banana Republic.”

For David Mikkelson, who runs the respected Urban Legends Reference Pages with his wife, Barbara, it’s a typical Internet hoax. Among other popular ones out there: tampons are made with asbestos; KFC has been raising genetically altered chickens; and antiperspirants cause breast cancer.

“A common facet of these rumors is that people are willing to believe the most outrageous things about governments and large corporations,” says Mikkelson. “We always distrust the big guys, as if the little guys could never do this.”

Mikkelson’s fave involves the baby formula Enfalac. According to this particular hoax, when mixed with a drug found in dog food, it can cause a toddler’s stomach to explode. Supposedly, a child ate some dog food by accident after ingesting Enfalac, and blammo, baby go boom!

Of course, there’s no truth to it. But the more outrageous the story, the more difficult it is to forget.

Technically, most hoaxes and medical scares are not urban legends, as urban legends involve narratives that happen to “a friend of a friend,” but the Mikkelsons include them on their Web site anyway.

They must be doing something right; even the CDC’s Web site refers readers to Snopes.com for more info. But Mikkelson’s somewhat skeptical about the positive effects of debunking rumors. “When people read a newspaper story debunking a rumor about flesh-eating diseases and bananas, what they remember is ‘flesh-eating disease’ and ‘bananas,’” says Mikkelson. “They don’t remember that the story was telling them it wasn’t true.”

Damn. It’s enough to drive you bananas.

Stephen Lemons is a freelance journalist and regular contributor to Salon. He lives in Los Angeles.

Overdevelopment, Overpopulation, Overshoot

Overdevelopment, Overpopulation, Overshoot

Slide 13

Airplane Contrails: Globalized transportation networks, especially commercial aviation, are a major contributor of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Photo of contrails in the west London sky over the River Thames, London, England.

Previous

Next

R.J. Sangosti/Denver Post

Overdevelopment, Overpopulation, Overshoot

Fire: More frequent and more intense wildfires (such as this one in Colorado, USA) are another consequence of a warming planet.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Debunk Online Hoaxes

Introduction

In today's digital age, it is essential to know how to debunk online hoaxes. With the rise of social media and the internet, misinformation can spread quickly and affect people's lives. In this lesson, we will learn how to identify and debunk online hoaxes using critical thinking and fact-checking skills.

Section 1: Understanding Online Hoaxes

Topic 1: What are online hoaxes?

An online hoax is a piece of information or content that is intentionally or unintentionally false or misleading. It is designed to deceive or manipulate people into believing something that is not true.

Topic 2: Types of online hoaxes

There are different types of online hoaxes, including:

1. Misinformation: This is when someone shares incorrect information without knowing it is false.
2. Disinformation: This is when someone knowingly shares false information to deceive others.
3. Propaganda: This is when someone uses false information to manipulate public opinion or influence people's beliefs.

Section 2: Identifying Online Hoaxes

Topic 1: How to identify online hoaxes

To identify online hoaxes, you should follow these steps:

1. Check the source: Determine if the information comes from a reliable source or if it is a joke, satire, or parody account.
2. Verify the facts: Use fact-checking tools to verify if the information is accurate and reliable.
3. Analyze the content: Look for inconsistencies, contradictions, or exaggerations that may indicate that the information is false.
4. Investigate the context: Consider the context in which the information is being shared and look for any motives behind it.

Topic 2: Common indicators of online hoaxes

Some common indicators that a piece of information may be a hoax include:

1. Sensational language: Exaggerated or attention-grabbing headlines or claims.
2. Lack of evidence: No supporting facts or sources to back up the claim.
3. Emotionally charged language: Language that appeals to emotions rather than logic or reason.
4. Conspiracy theories: Claims that involve secret plots, hidden agendas, or cover-ups.
5. Unreliable sources: Information that comes from unreliable or unverified sources.

Section 3: Debunking Online Hoaxes

Topic 1: How to debunk online hoaxes

To debunk an online hoax, follow these steps:

1. Present the facts: Share reliable information that contradicts the hoax.
2. Use evidence: Provide sources and citations to support your claims.
3. Use logic and reason: Explain why the hoax is false and how it violates basic principles of logic or reason.
4. Address the motives: Explain any possible motives behind the hoax and why it may have been created.
5. Encourage critical thinking: Ask people to question the information they receive and think critically about its accuracy.

Topic 2: Tips for debunking online hoaxes

Here are some tips to help you debunk online hoaxes effectively:

1. Stay calm and collected: Do not engage in personal attacks or insults. Stick to the facts and remain polite.
2. Keep it simple: Focus on the most important points and avoid getting bogged down in unnecessary details.
3. Be patient: Debunking a hoax may take time, and not everyone will agree with you immediately.
4. Be persistent: Continue to debunk the hoax even after the initial discussion has died down.
5. Work together: Collaborate with others who share your goal of debunking the hoax.

Glossary

- Misinformation: False information shared without malicious intent
- Disinformation: False information shared with the intention to deceive
- Propaganda: False information used to manipulate public opinion or beliefs

Conclusion

Debunking online hoaxes is an important skill to have in today's digital age. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can identify and debunk online hoaxes effectively. Remember to stay calm, stick to the facts, and work collaboratively with others to spread accurate information.


text: Three Western Illinois softball players garnered all-league honors, the Summit League announced on Tuesday (May 7).pitched her way onto the All-Summit League First Team while first-time honoreesandfound themselves on the All-Summit League Second Team."I'm really proud of these three," head coachsaid. "Each of them work hard on the field and off to do what they can to excel. Emily had great dominance on the mound, Meg has grown into a strong catcher and Jasmine has such ease tracking balls in the outfield. I'm so happy for their accomplishments."Ira is also no stranger to the first team, as she earned her way on the list the previous two seasons. The senior leads off of NCAA Division-I in strikeout-to-walk ratio, sitting down 8.87 batters per each one she walks as of Tuesday, May 7. Ira has struck out 133 batters as she ranks second in the Summit League this season. The Iowa City, Iowa native also ranks 86th in the nation with 7.1 strikeouts per seven innings pitched. Ira has won eight consecutive starts this season and has a 13-6 record with a 2.56 ERA that ranks third in the Summit League. Her 62 career complete games and 610.2 career innings pitched both rank fourth all-time in program history.Lara claimed her spot on the All-Summit League Second Team as an outfielder, roaming in centerfield this season. The Bettendorf, Iowa native has been the ideal table setter in the leadoff spot with a .310 batting average and team-high 39 hits. She currently ranks third in the Summit League with 28 walks and owns the fourth highest on-base percentage in the league at .435. Lara has walked 59 times in her Leatherneck career to rank 10th all-time in program history.Henson was selected to the All-Summit League Second Team for her consistency behind the plate. The Munster, Ind., native has thrown out 11 runners trying to steal this season, which currently stands fifth in the Summit League. She has only committed two errors this season for a .988 fielding percentage. At the dish, Henson hit a home run against IUPUI on Feb. 9, during the opening weekend of the campaign.The Leathernecks open up the Summit League tournament against Purdue Fort Wayne on Wednesday (May 8) at 5.30 p.m. in Fargo, N.D.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Softball

**Objective:** To introduce students to the game of softball and its rules, positions, and strategies.

**Materials:** Whiteboard, markers, paper, pencils

**Introduction:** Softball is a popular sport played by millions of people around the world. It is similar to baseball but played with a smaller ball on a smaller field. In this lesson, we will learn about the basic rules, positions, and strategies of softball.

**Section 1: Rules of Softball**

- The field is divided into three parts: infield, outfield, and foul territory.
- There are nine players on each team: pitcher, catcher, first baseman, second baseman, third baseman, shortstop, left fielder, center fielder, and right fielder.
- The object of the game is to score more runs than the other team.
- A run is scored when a player hits the ball and successfully makes it around all four bases before the ball is thrown to a base to tag the runner out.
- The pitcher throws the ball to the catcher, who catches it and throws it back to the pitcher.
- The umpire calls strikes and balls to determine if the batter hits the ball or not.
- If the batter hits the ball and makes it to first base without being thrown out, they get a single. If they make it to second base without being thrown out, they get a double. If they make it to third base without being thrown out, they get a triple. And if they make it home plate without being thrown out, they get a home run.
- The game is usually six innings long, and the team with the most runs at the end of the game wins.

**Section 2: Positions in Softball**

- Pitcher: Throws the ball to the catcher.
- Catcher: Catches the ball when the pitcher throws it.
- First baseman: Stands near first base and catches any balls hit to that area.
- Second baseman: Stands near second base and catches any balls hit to that area.
- Third baseman: Stands near third base and catches any balls hit to that area.
- Shortstop: Stands between second and third base and catches any balls hit between those areas.
- Left fielder: Stands in left field and catches any balls hit to that area.
- Center fielder: Stands in center field and catches any balls hit to that area.
- Right fielder: Stands in right field and catches any balls hit to that area.

**Section 3: Strategies in Softball**

- Batters try to hit the ball and make it around the bases without being thrown out.
- Base runners try to steal bases when the pitcher is not looking or when the ball is thrown to another base.
- Fielders try to catch the ball when it is hit and throw it to the appropriate base to tag the runner out.
- Coaches give signals to their players to tell them what to do on defense and offense.

**Glossary:**
- Foul territory: The area behind home plate that is not part of the field.
- Outfield: The area beyond the infield grass.
- Run: A score made by a batter who hits the ball and makes it around all four bases.
- Single: A run scored by a batter who hits the ball and makes it to first base without being thrown out.
- Double: A run scored by a batter who hits the ball and makes it to second base without being thrown out.
- Triple: A run scored by a batter who hits the ball and makes it to third base without being thrown out.
- Home run: A run scored by a batter who hits the ball and makes it all the way around the bases and back to home plate without being thrown out.

**Conclusion:** In this lesson, we learned about the rules, positions, and strategies of softball. We also learned some important terms like foul territory and outfield. By understanding these concepts, we can better understand and enjoy the game of softball.


text:
Q:

ArcSDE - where to start?

As I long ago figured out that I need more complex query-asking abilities (other than the standard select provided by arcgis), and as I will someday have to admin a small scale SDE database that will import data from my corporate's big and country-wide SDE, I wanted to set up a small workgroup SDE on a standalone computer so I could deal with it a bit, to get the hang of dealing with a sde.
But where do I start? I can't find a good manual to start with - The Arcgis 9.3.1 Help(on which I'm working) isn't much help. I know I need to Install SQL server, but I can't understand any of the other steps (creation, import of data and such).
Do you know of any good guides and resources to guide me with the arcgis 9.3.1 SDE from scratch?
(Oh, and does SDE 10 differ a lot from SDE 9.3.1?)

A:

I just have a few mins now so.. I'll provide a starting link.  Better than that I will show you the navigation.  If you go to resources.arcgis.com and navigate to help (at the top) find the desktop help> 9.3 & 9.3.1
In the tree you will see geodatabases and arcsde. Lots of good information there.
OK OK
Also a tutorial pdf can be found here
There are differences in 10 and 9.3.1.
It is not clear if you meant you be installing  arcgis server workgroup sde or the sde personal (on your desktop).
Sorry but sde personal doesn't have the commandline administration (or much admin at all for that matter) that you may be looking for to get "aquainted".
If you are installing AGS (SDE) Jump In! it's not as scary as it may seem.
And if you have a standalone machine (not corporate data) plan on messing it up and starting over a couple of times.
It goes a lot faster the third time through. Plus you will start to see some workflow issues that you would have had to hire someone to tell you about.
I'll be back later to fill in some more.

textbook:
top of the page) and then select "ArcGIS Desktop", you'll see a list of topics. Scroll down to "Working with Spatial Databases" and click on that. This will give you an overview of what you need to do to set up a workgroup SDE.

From here, you can follow the steps to install SQL Server Express (which is what you'll use for a workgroup SDE) and then create your database. Once you have your database created, you can use the Import tool in ArcGIS to bring data into your SDE.

As for differences between SDE 10 and SDE 9.3.1, there are some changes in the way the database is structured and some new features, but the overall process for setting up and using an SDE should be similar.

I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any other questions.


text: To the Editor:. In ''Rebuilding Bombay as Citizens Press By'' (Tunnel Vision column, Dec. 19), Randy Kennedy says the Swedish company in charge of the construction in the Times Square subway station won the contract because of its ''creative'' solution to do the work during the day. In fact, this ''creative'' solution is merely a way to cut corners.. Certainly, it would make more sense to rebuild the station during the evening hours, thus at least minimizing for the ''half-million or so souls who migrate through the station every day'' the noise, danger and inconvenience of construction.. If the city were serious about this effort, it would insist on a 24-hour construction schedule. Given the amount of private construction above the street and the tax incentives handed to developers, the financing should be available.. MICHAEL MCMILLAN. New York, Dec. 19, 2000Continue reading the main story

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand Editorials

Introduction:
An editorial is an opinion piece written by the editorial board of a publication. It usually expresses the newspaper's stance on a current issue. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand editorials.

Section 1: Understanding the Structure of an Editorial

An editorial typically follows a specific structure:

1. Introduction: The introduction introduces the topic and provides some background information.

2. Thesis statement: The thesis statement is the main argument of the editorial. It tells you what the editorial is about.

3. Supporting arguments: The body of the editorial presents supporting arguments for the thesis statement. These arguments are usually based on facts, statistics, and expert opinions.

4. Conclusion: The conclusion summarizes the main points of the editorial and restates the thesis statement.

Section 2: Reading and Analyzing an Editorial

Now that you know the structure of an editorial, let's look at how to read and analyze one.

1. Read the introduction carefully to understand the context and background of the issue being discussed.

2. Identify the thesis statement. This is the main argument of the editorial.

3. Look for supporting arguments. Do the authors provide evidence to support their position? Are they using facts, statistics, or expert opinions?

4. Pay attention to the tone of the editorial. Is it neutral or does it express a strong opinion?

5. Evaluate the credibility of the source. Is the publication known for its political leanings? Does the author have expertise in the subject matter?

Section 3: Practice Exercise

Let's practice analyzing an editorial. Here is an example of an editorial on climate change:

Introduction: Climate change is an urgent issue that requires immediate action.

Thesis statement: We must take aggressive steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change.

Supporting arguments:
- The scientific consensus is clear: human activity is causing the Earth's temperature to rise at an alarming rate.
- Climate change is already having a devastating impact on our planet, with more frequent and severe natural disasters.
- Failing to act now will result in catastrophic consequences for future generations.

Conclusion: The time for action is now. We must come together as a global community to address this crisis and protect our planet for generations to come.

Glossary:
- Editorial: An opinion piece written by the editorial board of a publication.
- Thesis statement: The main argument of the editorial.
- Supporting arguments: Evidence presented to support the thesis statement.

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned how to read and analyze editorials. We practiced identifying the structure of an editorial and evaluating the credibility of a source. By understanding the components of an editorial, we can better understand the author's point of view and engage in informed discussions on current issues.


text: Best practices focused.. Imagine Bocconi. Imagine Bocconi is an innovation hackathon that was held in 2017 and sponsored for the second time by Generali. Its goal is to create a dialogue with millennials. Participants are selected from among the students of MBA Bocconi and other important business schools like INSEAD, HEC and the universities of Tel Aviv and Rotterdam. The initiative comprised four steps: the identification of the problem, the generation of the idea, prototyping and communication. Split into teams, the participants confronted each other on an issue decided by Generali: savings; they were asked to develop an alternative investment and savings experience to the banking industry or the usual options. Unveiled at the final presentation, held on 22 May 2017 in front of a jury made up of Generali experts, Bocconi professors and External Business Angels, the winning idea managed to reconcile the concept of “saving through playing” and personalised solutions for freelancers.

textbook:
Lesson: Innovation Hackathon
Level: High School

## Introduction
An innovation hackathon is a competitive event where people come together to solve problems and create innovative solutions. In this lesson, we will learn about the best practices of an innovation hackathon and how it can be used to create a dialogue with millennials. We will also explore the steps involved in an innovation hackathon and the benefits of participating in one.

## Step 1: Identification of the Problem
The first step in an innovation hackathon is to identify the problem that needs to be solved. This involves understanding the needs of the target audience and finding a way to meet those needs in a creative and innovative way. For example, in the case of Generali's innovation hackathon, the problem was to create an alternative investment and savings experience to the banking industry or the usual options.

## Step 2: Generation of the Idea
Once the problem has been identified, the next step is to generate ideas that can solve it. This involves brainstorming and coming up with as many ideas as possible, no matter how unrealistic they may seem. From there, the most viable ideas are chosen and developed further.

## Step 3: Prototyping
The third step is to create a prototype of the solution. This is a preliminary model of the product or service that can be tested and refined before being presented to the jury. The prototype should be designed to solve the problem identified in step one and should be presented in a clear and concise manner.

## Step 4: Communication
The final step is to communicate the solution to the jury. This involves presenting the prototype and explaining how it solves the problem identified in step one. The presentation should be clear, concise, and engaging, and should demonstrate the benefits of the solution.

## Benefits of Participating in an Innovation Hackathon
Participating in an innovation hackathon can provide several benefits, including:

1. Networking: An innovation hackathon brings together people from different backgrounds and industries, providing an opportunity to network and form new connections.

2. Skill Development: Participating in an innovation hackathon can help develop skills such as teamwork, problem-solving, and creativity.

3. Exposure to New Ideas: An innovation hackathon exposes participants to new ideas and perspectives, which can inspire new ways of thinking and problem-solving.

4. Opportunity for Recognition: Winning an innovation hackathon can provide recognition and exposure for the participant and their idea.

5. Access to Resources: Winning an innovation hackathon can provide access to resources such as funding, mentorship, and networking opportunities.

Conclusion
In conclusion, an innovation hackathon is a valuable tool for creating a dialogue with millennials and finding innovative solutions to problems. By following the steps of identification, generation, prototyping, and communication, participants can develop a viable solution that can be presented to a jury. Participating in an innovation hackathon can provide valuable networking opportunities, skill development, exposure to new ideas, and access to resources.


text:
In recent years there has been a great increase in wine consumption. As more people have become familiar with better quality wines, they have also become sensitive to the degradation which occurs when an open bottle of wine is recorked and reused at a later time. The problem appears to be that when a wine bottle is opened for an initial pouring, oxygen in the air enters the bottle and is trapped there when the bottle is recorked. The trapped oxygen apparently chemically interacts with the wine remaining in the bottle, causing changes in the taste, aroma, and color of the wine. Thus, when the bottle is reopened at a later date, the quality of the wine is found to be significantly degraded.
In some commercial wine handling processes it is known to transfer the wine from one container to another under the pressure of nitrogen gas admitted to the container. Reference to such a process is made in the textbook entitled, Technology of Wine Making, Second Edition, by Amerine, Berg, and Cruess. Additionally, there are available commercial devices for wine dispensing by bars which use high pressure nitrogen to drive the wine from a metal container to a dispensing tube at the bar. However, it does not appear that any satisfactory method or device is presently known which will allow safe dispensing of wine from a glass bottle, while preventing oxygen in the air from degrading the beverage both during dispensing and bottled storage between dispensing events.
In U.S. Pat. No. 3,750,915, issued to P. Kearny on Aug. 3, 1973, the problem of wine spoilage by air is addressed. Kearny disclosed a spout including a plug which prevents air from entering the bottle during storage periods. However, the spout is adapted to admit air during the pouring of the wine. This air will be trapped in the bottle during storage when it can chemically interact with the stored wine.
Recently, another device has been marketed in which wine is packaged not in a glass bottle, but in a plastic container having a dispensing spigot near the bottom. As the wine is dispensed from the spigot, atmospheric pressure collapses the plastic container in the region left empty by the poured wine. Since no air is admitted to the container at any time, no deterioration of the wine takes place during pouring or later storage. Although air is excluded by this method, it has been, and continues to be, the case that higher quality wines are bottled and corked in glass bottles, and are not made available in plastic dispensing containers.

textbook:
Lesson: The Effects of Oxygen Exposure on Wine Quality

Introduction:
Wine is a delicious and complex beverage that has been enjoyed for thousands of years. However, like all perishable goods, wine can degrade over time. In this lesson, we will explore the effects of oxygen exposure on wine quality and learn about methods to prevent or slow down these effects.

Section 1: Understanding Oxygen and Wine
Oxygen is essential for life, but it can also cause damage to certain food products, including wine. Wine contains a variety of organic compounds, such as phenolic compounds, that are sensitive to oxygen exposure. When oxygen reacts with these compounds, it can lead to changes in the taste, aroma, and color of the wine.

Section 2: The Effects of Oxygen Exposure on Wine Quality
There are several ways in which oxygen exposure can affect wine quality. One of the most common effects is oxidation, which occurs when oxygen reacts with phenolic compounds in wine. Oxidation can cause the wine to become flat, dull, and lifeless, with a loss of fruitiness and complexity. Additionally, oxygen exposure can lead to the formation of off-flavors, such as cardboard or wet dog. Finally, excessive oxygen exposure can cause the wine to brown or take on a yellow or green hue.

Section 3: Preventing Oxygen Exposure
There are several methods that can be used to prevent or slow down the effects of oxygen exposure on wine quality. One of the most effective methods is to use a vacuum-sealed container, such as a wine preserver or a wine saver bag. These containers create a vacuum seal around the wine, preventing oxygen from entering the bottle. Another method is to store wine in a cool, dark place, such as a cellar or wine fridge. Exposure to light and heat can accelerate the effects of oxygen exposure, so keeping wine cool and out of direct sunlight can help preserve its quality.

Section 4: Transferring Wine Under Pressure
Another method to prevent oxygen exposure is to transfer wine from one container to another under the pressure of nitrogen gas. This method is described in the textbook entitled, Technology of Wine Making, Second Edition, by Amerine, Berg, and Cruess. By transferring wine under pressure, the wine is protected from oxygen exposure, which can help preserve its quality.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding the effects of oxygen exposure on wine quality is essential for anyone who enjoys wine. By using vacuum-sealed containers, storing wine in a cool, dark place, and transferring wine under pressure, you can help prevent or slow down the effects of oxygen exposure and preserve the quality of your wine.


text: Let me start by saying that I LOVE socks. Genuinely, as a young amateur based in France with very limited funds and kit I used to save new socks as a treat. Something to help me feel special on certain days or for big races. They really were, and still are, a hugely important part of any cyclist’s outfit. And from a style point of view – if you find just the right pair of socks – they can really bring everything else you’re riding in together.. As a young rider there was a time when I would be gutted to have left the house on a beautifully sunny day, only to have the skies turn to dark clouds and the rain ruin a set of pristine white socks. Ones that were fresh out of the packet that morning! The shame of it. Worse than the rain would be if I hit a muddy puddle and it splashed it’s way right up to the crisp white edges around my ankle. Soul destroying!

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Socks in Cycling

**Introduction**
Socks are an essential part of any cyclist's outfit. They may seem like a small detail, but they play a crucial role in keeping your feet dry, warm, and comfortable while riding. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of socks in cycling and why they should not be overlooked.

**Section 1: Why Socks Matter**
Socks are designed to provide cushioning, support, and insulation for your feet. When you're cycling, your feet are subjected to a lot of pressure and friction, especially if you're riding on rough terrain or for long distances. Wearing the right socks can help reduce the risk of blisters, calluses, and other foot problems that can make cycling uncomfortable or even dangerous.

In addition to providing comfort and protection, socks can also enhance your style and performance on the bike. A well-chosen pair of cycling socks can add a pop of color to your outfit or coordinate with your team kit. And if you're racing, a pair of bright socks can help you stand out from the crowd and attract the attention of spectators and sponsors alike.

**Section 2: Types of Cycling Socks**
There are several types of cycling socks available, each designed for specific riding conditions or styles. Here are some of the most popular options:

- Thin, lightweight socks: These are ideal for warm weather or indoor cycling, as they provide minimal cushioning and insulation. They're often made from moisture-wicking materials that help keep your feet dry and cool.

- Midweight socks: These are perfect for cooler weather or longer rides, as they provide more cushioning and insulation to protect your feet from the elements. They're often made from a blend of natural and synthetic fibers that offer excellent breathability and durability.

- Heavyweight socks: These are designed for cold weather or mountain biking, as they provide maximum warmth and protection. They're often made from thick, insulating materials like wool or thermal polyester, which help retain heat and keep your feet cozy even in freezing temperatures.

**Section 3: How to Choose the Right Socks**
Choosing the right socks for your cycling style and needs is essential for optimal comfort and performance. Here are some tips to help you select the best socks for your riding:

- Consider the weather: If you're riding in hot and humid conditions, opt for thin, lightweight socks that breathe well and wick moisture away from your skin. If you're riding in colder weather, go for heavyweight socks that provide insulation and warmth.

- Think about the terrain: If you're riding on smooth, paved roads, you may not need as much cushioning or support as if you're tackling rough trails or gravel paths. Choose socks that offer the right balance of comfort and protection for your specific riding style.

- Pay attention to fit and sizing: Socks that are too tight can cause discomfort or even restrict blood flow, while those that are too loose can bunch up and create chafe. Make sure to choose a size that fits snugly but comfortably around your foot, without being too tight or baggy.

**Conclusion**
In conclusion, socks are an essential part of any cyclist's outfit. They provide comfort, protection, and style, making them a crucial component of your riding gear. By choosing the right type of sock for your specific needs and riding conditions, you can optimize your performance and enjoyment on the bike. Remember to consider factors such as weather, terrain, and fit when selecting your cycling socks, and you'll be well on your way to enjoying comfortable, stylish, and successful rides.

**Glossary**
- Cushioning: The ability of a material to absorb shock and reduce impact on the body.
- Insulation: The ability of a material to prevent heat from escaping, keeping the body warm.
- Moisture-wicking: The ability of a material to draw sweat away from the skin, keeping it dry and cool.
- Breathability: The ability of a material to allow air to pass through, allowing for better ventilation and temperature regulation.
- Durability: The ability of a material to withstand wear and tear, lasting longer than other materials.


text: My client, a global banking organisation is looking to expand within its regulatory space. The role will involve exposure to stress testing, but is an all ecompassing role within the risk team. Candidates will be employed on a long term contract basis, and will be based in London.. Candidates must have:. Ideal candidates will preferably:.

textbook:
Core Value: Expanding one's knowledge and skills to adapt to new challenges in the workplace.

Lesson: Self-Taught Lesson in Markdown Format
# Lesson 1: Expanding Your Knowledge and Skills
## Section 1: Introduction
In today's fast-paced world, it's essential to continuously learn and adapt to new challenges in the workplace. This lesson will teach you how to expand your knowledge and skills to stay relevant and valuable in your field.
## Section 2: Why is it Important?
Knowledge and skills are like muscles; if you don't use them, they atrophy. Similarly, if you don't continue to learn and grow, your knowledge and skills become outdated, and you become less valuable to your employer. By expanding your knowledge and skills, you can stay ahead of the curve and remain competitive in your industry.
## Section 3: How to Expand Your Knowledge and Skills
There are several ways to expand your knowledge and skills, including:
1. Continuous Learning: Make a commitment to learn something new every day. This could be as simple as reading an article or taking an online course.
2. Networking: Connect with people in your industry who can help you learn and grow. Attend conferences, join professional organizations, and participate in online forums.
3. Mentorship: Find a mentor who can guide you and provide valuable feedback. A mentor can help you identify areas where you need to improve and provide support and encouragement along the way.
4. Experimentation: Don't be afraid to try new things and make mistakes. Experimentation can lead to new discoveries and innovations that can benefit your organization.
## Section 4: Real-World Examples
Let's say you work in marketing. You've been doing the same thing for years, and your skills have become stale. To expand your knowledge and skills, you could:
1. Take an online course on digital marketing trends.
2. Attend a marketing conference and network with other professionals.
3. Find a mentor who has experience in digital marketing.
4. Experiment with new marketing strategies, such as social media advertising or influencer marketing.
## Section 5: Conclusion
Expanding your knowledge and skills is essential in today's workplace. By committing to continuous learning, networking, seeking mentorship, and experimenting, you can stay ahead of the curve and remain valuable to your employer. Remember, knowledge and skills are like muscles; if you don't use them, you lose them. So, never stop learning and growing!
## Glossary
- Continuous Learning: The process of continuously acquiring new knowledge and skills throughout one's life.
- Networking: Building relationships with people in your industry to share information, resources, and opportunities.
- Mentorship: A relationship between a more experienced person and a less experienced person, where the mentor provides guidance, support, and advice.
- Experimentation: Testing new ideas or methods to see if they work.


text: FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE. Tuesday, August 13, 2013. Contact: Mallory Jarrell, Coordinator of Marketing and Branding (304) 696-7153. Thundering Herd fans encouraged to support Marshall in spirit competition. 160 colleges, universities vying to be crowned winners of College Colors Day Spirit Cup. HUNTINGTON, W.Va. –, kicked off yesterday and runs through 11:59 p.m. Thursday, Aug. 29. Fans can vote once each day and can check who is winning the competition nationally and within each conference. The winner will be announced on College Colors Day.. For further information, contact: Office. of University Communications. Marshall University | 213 Old Main | Huntington, WV 25755-1090

textbook:
Lesson: How to Write a Press Release

Introduction:
A press release is a written statement that is issued by an organization or individual to communicate information to the media. It is usually used to announce new products, services, or events, or to share news about a company or organization. In this lesson, we will learn how to write a press release that is effective and engaging.

Section 1: Understanding the Purpose of a Press Release

The purpose of a press release is to provide information to the media that is newsworthy and relevant to their audience. It should be written in a clear and concise manner, with a focus on the most important information first. The goal is to grab the reader's attention and entice them to share the story with their audience.

Questions and Answers:
- What is the main purpose of a press release?
- To provide newsworthy information to the media.
- Who is the target audience for a press release?
- Journalists and other members of the media who are looking for stories to share with their audience.

Section 2: Writing the Press Release

Headline:
The headline should be catchy and attention-grabbing, summarizing the main point of the press release in a few words. It should be written in title case, with the first letter of each word capitalized.

Example: "New Product Launch: Introducing the Latest Innovation from XYZ Company"

Lead Paragraph:
The lead paragraph should introduce the main topic of the press release and provide the most important information first. It should answer the who, what, when, where, and why of the story.

Example: "XYZ Company, a leader in the technology industry, announced today the launch of their latest product, the ABC Gadget. This innovative device is set to revolutionize the way people use technology in their daily lives."

Body Paragraphs:
The body of the press release should provide additional details and supporting information to back up the main claim. It should be written in a clear and concise manner, with a focus on the most important information first.

Example: "The ABC Gadget is a small, portable device that can be taken anywhere. It is equipped with the latest technology and features a sleek design that is both stylish and functional. The gadget is available for purchase starting today on the XYZ Company website and in select retail stores nationwide."

Conclusion:
The conclusion should summarize the main points of the press release and encourage the reader to take action. It should end with a call-to-action that motivates the reader to share the story with their audience.

Example: "Don't miss out on the latest innovation from XYZ Company. Get your ABC Gadget today and experience the future of technology. Share this story with your friends and followers to spread the word about this exciting new product."

Glossary:
- Press Release: A written statement issued by an organization or individual to communicate information to the media.
- Headline: The title of the press release, written in title case.
- Lead Paragraph: The first paragraph of the press release, introducing the main topic and providing the most important information.
- Body Paragraphs: Additional paragraphs that provide supporting information and details about the topic.
- Conclusion: The final paragraph of the press release, summarizing the main points and encouraging the reader to take action.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to write a press release that is effective and engaging. By understanding the purpose of a press release and following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can create a compelling story that will grab the reader's attention and entice them to share it with their audience. Remember to keep it clear, concise, and newsworthy, and you'll be well on your way to creating a successful press release.


text: Jim Chee. This character is single and lives in a trailer.. Cowboy Dashee. This character is based in Flagstaff and is considered to be a valuable member of the Kachina Society.. Jake West. This character is the owner and operator of the Burnt Water Trading Post.. Captain Largo. This character is the senior officer at the Tuba City Navajo Tribal sub agency.. Joseph Musket. This character was arrested for smuggling drugs.. Fannie Musket. This character is Standing Rock, born for the Mud Clan.. T. L. Johnson. This character is the head of the DEA investigation into the failed drug delivery operation.. Miss Pauling. This character is trying to figure out who killed the pilot flying in the drug shipment.. Robert Pauling. This character used to fly for the Tactical Air Force and is used to covert night landings.. Jerry Jansen. This character's body is found at the crash.... (read more Character Descriptions)

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Coding and Programming

Introduction:
Coding and programming are essential skills in today's digital world. With the advent of technology, coding has become an indispensable tool for creating software, websites, mobile applications, and more. In this lesson, we will introduce you to the basics of coding and programming. We will cover the following topics:

1. What is coding?
2. Why learn to code?
3. Types of coding languages
4. How to get started with coding
5. Tips for learning coding

What is coding?
Coding is the process of converting ideas into a language that computers can understand. It involves writing instructions in a programming language that tell the computer what to do. These instructions are written in a specific syntax or structure that the computer can interpret.

Why learn to code?
There are many reasons why people learn to code. Here are some of them:

1. To create software programs: Coding is essential for creating software programs such as games, websites, and mobile apps.
2. To automate tasks: Coding can help automate repetitive tasks, saving time and increasing efficiency.
3. To solve problems: Coding can help you solve complex problems by breaking them down into smaller, manageable parts.
4. To enhance career opportunities: Knowledge of coding can increase your job prospects in fields such as engineering, finance, and technology.

Types of coding languages
There are many different types of coding languages, each with its own unique features and uses. Some of the most popular coding languages include:

1. HTML: This is the language used for creating web pages and web applications.
2. CSS: This is the language used for styling web pages and web applications.
3. JavaScript: This is the language used for creating interactive web pages and web applications.
4. Python: This is a general-purpose coding language that can be used for a wide range of tasks, including web development, data analysis, and machine learning.
5. Java: This is a popular coding language used for creating mobile apps, video games, and web applications.

How to get started with coding
Getting started with coding can be daunting, but it doesn't have to be. Here are some steps you can take to get started:

1. Choose a coding language: Decide which coding language you want to learn. Some popular options include HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, and Java.
2. Find a tutorial: Look for online tutorials or courses that teach the basics of your chosen coding language.
3. Practice coding: Once you've completed a tutorial, practice coding by working on small projects or exercises.
4. Join a community: Connect with other coders to share tips, ask questions, and get feedback on your work.
5. Be patient: Learning to code takes time and effort, so be patient with yourself and keep practicing.

Tips for learning coding
Here are some tips to help you learn coding more effectively:

1. Start with the basics: Begin by learning the fundamentals of your chosen coding language before moving on to more advanced topics.
2. Practice regularly: Regular practice is essential for building your coding skills and retaining what you've learned.
3. Break down problems into smaller parts: When faced with complex problems, break them down into smaller, more manageable parts to make them easier to solve.
4. Seek help when needed: Don't be afraid to ask for help when you need it. You can ask questions on forums, social media, or from experienced coders.
5. Keep learning: The field of coding is constantly evolving, so it's essential to keep up with new developments and techniques.

Conclusion
In this lesson, we introduced you to the basics of coding and programming. We covered what coding is, why it's important to learn, different coding languages, and how to get started with coding. By following these tips and practicing regularly, you'll be well on your way to becoming a skilled coder.


text:
Astronomers have discovered an ultraluminous quasar with a supermassive black hole from the early universe, just 900 million years after the Big Bang. The black hole has a mass that’s about 12 billion times that of our sun, the biggest ever observed from that time, according to the study published in Nature this week.

Supermassive black holes—like the one in the center of our galaxy—get bigger by accumulating material from around them into an accretion disc, releasing energy that we see as bright objects called quasars. A large international team led by Xue-Bing Wu of Peking University carried out a survey of these sorts of distant, luminous objects using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the two Micron All Sky Survey, and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer.

They found a crazy bright quasar with an impossibly large black hole—made all the more unusual by the fact that this occurred so early in history of our universe. The quasar, named SDSS J0100+2802 (below), is 420 trillion times more luminous than the sun and seven times brighter than the most distant quasar known. “Just like the brightest lighthouse in the distant universe, its glowing light will help us to probe more about the early universe,” Wu says in a news release. It was found at a redshift of z=6.30 and a distance of 12.8 billion light-years from Earth. The higher redshift, the further back in time: So far, we only know of 40 quasars with a redshift higher than 6, which marks the beginning of the early universe.

Galaxies and their supermassive black holes are thought to have formed together in the early universe. For this newly discovered black hole to have grown that rapidly in such a (relatively) short amount of time—and without merging with other black holes—goes against our current theories of black hole growth during those earliest of days. "This quasar is a unique laboratory to study the way that a quasar's black hole and host galaxy co-evolve," says study co-author Yuri Beletsky of the Carnegie Institution. "Our findings indicate that in the early universe, quasar black holes probably grew faster than their host galaxies, although more research is needed to confirm this idea."

Images: Zhaoyu Li/Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (top, bottom), Yunnan Observatories (background for bottom image)

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Supermassive Black Holes

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

**Topic:** Supermassive Black Holes
**Definition:** A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it. Supermassive black holes are a type of black hole that has a mass of millions to billions of times that of our Sun. They are usually found at the center of galaxies, including our own Milky Way.

### Section 2: Practical Examples

**Question:** How do supermassive black holes form?
**Answer:** There are two main theories on how supermassive black holes form. The first theory is that they form from the collapse of massive gas clouds in the early universe. The second theory is that they form when two smaller black holes merge together.

**Question:** What is the largest supermassive black hole ever discovered?
**Answer:** The largest supermassive black hole ever discovered is located in the galaxy M87 and has a mass of 6.5 billion times that of our Sun.

### Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

**Question:** How do supermassive black holes affect their surroundings?
**Answer:** Supermassive black holes can affect their surroundings in several ways. They can emit powerful jets of particles and radiation, which can heat up and ionize the surrounding gas. This can lead to the formation of new stars or the disruption of existing star formation. Additionally, the strong gravitational pull of the black hole can cause nearby stars to orbit around it, leading to the formation of a dense cluster of stars known as a globular cluster.

**Question:** What happens when a black hole merges with another black hole?
**Answer:** When two black holes merge, they create a larger black hole. The process is called a binary black hole merger. This event releases a tremendous amount of energy in the form of gravitational waves, which can be detected by scientists using specialized instruments.

### Glossary

**Gravitational Waves:** Ripples in the fabric of spacetime caused by the acceleration of massive objects, such as merging black holes or neutron stars.

**Accretion Disc:** A rotating disk of gas, dust, and other matter that forms around a massive object like a black hole. The material in the accretion disk gradually spirals inward towards the black hole, releasing energy in the form of light and radiation.

**Jet:** A narrow, highly collimated stream of plasma ejected from the vicinity of a black hole at relativistic speeds.

### Conclusion

Supermassive black holes are fascinating objects that play a crucial role in the evolution of galaxies. By studying them, we can learn more about the early universe and the processes that govern the formation and growth of massive structures. As you continue to learn about these incredible objects, remember to ask questions, think critically, and apply your knowledge to new problems.


text:
miles of pipe ready to become part of the Keystone Pipeline are stacked in a field near Ripley, Okla.
, The Canadian Press

Canadian Natural Resources Ltd (CNQ.TO) has increased its volume commitment on TransCanada Corp's (TRP.TO) Keystone XL pipeline by about 46 per cent to 175,000 barrels per day (bpd), Canadian Natural President Steve Laut told Reuters on Thursday.

The bigger commitment from one of Canada's largest oil and gas producers will be a boon to TransCanada, at a time when Canadian pipeline companies are trying to push through new projects in the face of fierce environmental opposition and concerns about slowing oil sands growth.

TransCanada's open season to gauge interest from producers wanting to ship on the 830,000 bpd pipeline ended last week.

The company has not released the results or said what volumes it would need to push ahead with the project. Canada's two other biggest energy producers Suncor Energy (SU.TO) and Cenovus Energy (CVE.TO) have said they are committed shippers on Keystone XL, without disclosing contracted volumes.

Canadian Natural is growing its oil sands operations after completing an expansion at its Horizon project in northern Alberta, which will add 80,000 bpd of production.

Keystone XL would transport crude from Alberta to the U.S. Midwest but has been delayed for eight years by regulatory hurdles. U.S. President Donald Trump this year granted a presidential permit for the pipeline, reversing a rejection by the Obama administration.

Oil prices have been in a deep slump since 2014, prompting Canadian producers to scale back plans for growth and fuelling speculation that TransCanada could struggle to get enough shippers to support Keystone XL.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Pipelines

## Section 1: What is a Pipeline?

A pipeline is a long tube or pipe that carries liquid or gas from one place to another. Pipelines are used to transport oil, gas, water, and other fluids over long distances. They are an important part of the oil and gas industry and are used to move resources from where they are produced to where they are used.

## Section 2: How do Pipelines Work?

Pipelines work by using pressure to move fluid through the pipe. The fluid is pushed along the pipe by pumps, and the pressure inside the pipe is controlled by valves. The pipe is made of strong materials like steel or concrete to make sure that the fluid stays inside and that the pipe can handle the pressure.

## Section 3: Why are Pipelines Important?

Pipelines are important because they are a safe and efficient way to move resources. They are used to transport oil and gas from where they are produced to where they are used, which helps to reduce the cost of transportation and make it easier to get the resources to the places where they are needed. Pipelines are also safer than other forms of transportation, like trucks or trains, because they don't have to deal with traffic or weather conditions.

## Section 4: How do Pipelines Affect the Environment?

Pipelines can have both positive and negative effects on the environment. On the positive side, pipelines can help to reduce the amount of trucks and trains on the roads and rails, which can lower greenhouse gas emissions and reduce air pollution. However, pipelines can also leak or spill oil or gas, which can harm the environment and wildlife. Companies that build and operate pipelines must follow strict rules to make sure that they are built safely and that any leaks or spills are cleaned up quickly.

## Section 5: Conclusion

In conclusion, pipelines are an important part of the oil and gas industry, and they play a crucial role in transporting resources from where they are produced to where they are used. While pipelines can have some negative effects on the environment, they are generally a safe and efficient way to move resources. By following strict rules and guidelines, companies can minimize the risk of accidents and spills, and ensure that pipelines continue to be an important part of our energy infrastructure.