text:
Terter dynasty

For the city in Azerbaijan, see Tərtər.

Terter (), also Terterids or Terterovtsi (Тертеровци), was a Bulgarian noble and royal house of Cuman origin, a branch of the Cuman noble dynasty of Terteroba, that ruled the Second Bulgarian Empire between 1280 and 1292, as well as between 1300 and 1323.

History

Origin

The Terterids were originally of Cuman origin (from the Cuman-Kipchak confederation), according to Plamen Pavlov they were a branch of the Cuman noble dynasty of Terteroba who had settled in Bulgaria as part of the second wave of Cuman migration, coming from the Kingdom of Hungary after 1241. The Terteroba had ruled the Cuman-Kipchak confederation in the late 11th century, as well as in the mid-13th century under Khan Köten.

Monarchy
The earliest representatives of the dynasty in Bulgaria were the despotēs Aldimir (Eltimir) and his older brother George Terter who was crowned emperor of Bulgaria as George I of Bulgaria (1280-1292), marrying the Bulgarian Maria. After his reign, Bulgaria was under the de facto control of the Golden Horde, with Nogai Khan nominating the next ruler, Smilets (1292-1298), who was of another noble family, and was briefly succeeded by his son Ivan II (1298-1299). In 1299-1300, Bulgaria was controlled by the Mongol Chaka. Chaka was deposed by George Terter's son, Theodore Svetoslav of Bulgaria (1300-1321), beginning the second reign of the Terterids, which also spanned that of his son, George II of Bulgaria.

The Terter dynasty was succeeded by the Shishman noble dynasty of Vidin, also of partial Cuman origin.

Members
 Aldimir (Eltimir)
 Ivan Dragushin
 George I of Bulgaria (ruled 1280-1292)
 Theodore Svetoslav of Bulgaria (ruled 1300-1321)
 George II of Bulgaria
 Anna, wife of Stefan Uroš II Milutin of Serbia
 Elena, wife of Chaka of Bulgaria

References

*
Category:Bulgarian noble families
Category:13th century in Bulgaria
Category:People of Cuman descent

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Terter Dynasty

Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn about the Terter Dynasty, a Bulgarian noble family of Cuman origin that ruled the Second Bulgarian Empire between 1280 and 1292, as well as between 1300 and 1323. We will explore their history, origin, and monarchy.

Section 1: History

The Terter Dynasty was a Bulgarian noble family of Cuman origin. They were a branch of the Cuman noble dynasty of Terteroba, who had settled in Bulgaria as part of the second wave of Cuman migration, coming from the Kingdom of Hungary after 1241.

The Terterids first appeared in Bulgaria during the reign of Ivan Asen II (1218-1241). The earliest representative of the dynasty was the despotēs Aldimir (Eltimir), who was married to Maria, the daughter of Ivan Asen II. Aldimir was killed in battle against the Byzantines in 1277.

After Aldimir's death, his older brother George Terter was crowned emperor of Bulgaria as George I of Bulgaria (1280-1292). George I married Maria, the daughter of Ivan Asen II, and they had several children, including Michael Shishman, who became the next emperor of Bulgaria.

Section 2: Origin

The Terterids were originally of Cuman origin, coming from the Cuman-Kipchak confederation. They were a branch of the Cuman noble dynasty of Terteroba, who had ruled the Cuman-Kipchak confederation in the late 11th century, as well as in the mid-13th century under Khan Köten.

The Terterids settled in Bulgaria as part of the second wave of Cuman migration, coming from the Kingdom of Hungary after 1241. They were invited to Bulgaria by the Asen dynasty to help fight against the Byzantines.

Section 3: Monarchy

The Terter Dynasty ruled the Second Bulgarian Empire for two periods. The first period was during the reign of George I of Bulgaria (1280-1292). George I was a capable ruler who strengthened the Bulgarian army and successfully fought against the Byzantines. However, he was assassinated in 1292 by his son-in-law, Smiltslav of Serbia.

The second period of Terterid rule was during the reign of Michael Shishman (1323-1330). Michael Shishman was the son of George I and Maria and continued his father's policies. He was a successful ruler who expanded the Bulgarian Empire and successfully fought against the Byzantines and the Serbs. However, he was defeated and killed in battle against the Ottoman Turks in 1330.

Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the Terter Dynasty, a Bulgarian noble family of Cuman origin that ruled the Second Bulgarian Empire for two periods. We explored their history, origin, and monarchy. We also discussed their contributions to the Bulgarian Empire and the challenges they faced during their reign.

Glossary

Cuman: A member of a people who lived in the central steppes of the Eurasian continent in the early Middle Ages.

Kipchak: A member of a people who lived in the central steppes of the Eurasian continent in the early Middle Ages.

Confederation: A group of states or organizations with a common political or military policy.

Despotēs: A title used by the Bulgarian monarchs during the Second Bulgarian Empire.

Byzantine: Relating to the Eastern Roman Empire or its culture.

Assassination: The murder of a prominent person, often for political reasons.

Ottoman: Relating to the empire established by Osman I in 1299, which later became the Ottoman Empire.


text: The Horsepower Shed. This little structure is something we’ve not yet seen in all our years of dismantling. This small “bank” barn has a stall underneath for a horse, who walked on a specially designed “horse treadmill” which in turn was attached to a pulley system that drove the machinery upstairs! It was a one horsepower shed!. It measures 14 by 24 ft and is sawn softwood. It would be built from the top of the slab up, so it would be a one story without the basement upon reassembly. The inside wall height is 7 foot and the height to the peak is just under 11.5 feet. The rafters measure 2 by 6″, as do the floor joists. There is one barn door on the east side and one small window on the north side. The frame, rafters and joists are all structurally sound. Any salvageable flooring and siding are also included. This little building would be great for an artist’s studio, garden shed or small guest quarters.. —

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: The History and Evolution of Barns

Introduction:
Barns have been a part of American agriculture for centuries. They have evolved from simple structures to more complex ones, reflecting changes in farming practices and technology. In this lesson, we will explore the history and evolution of barns, from their origins to their modern-day uses.

Section 1: The Early Barns

Topic 1: The Beginnings of Barns
- Barns have been around for thousands of years, dating back to ancient Egypt and Greece.
- The first barns were simple structures made of wood or stone, used to store grain and other food.
- These early barns were often built near homes, making it easy for farmers to tend to their crops and animals.

Topic 2: The Introduction of Horses
- Horses were introduced to Europe by the Arabs in the 8th century, and soon became an important part of European agriculture.
- Horse-drawn plows allowed farmers to plant larger fields and grow more crops.
- This led to the development of larger, more complex barns that could accommodate horses and other farm animals.

Section 2: The Industrial Revolution and the Age of Steam

Topic 3: The Birth of Machine-Powered Barns
- With the advent of steam engines in the 19th century, machine-powered barns began to replace manual labor.
- These barns had special features like hay carousels and grain elevators that made it easier to store and move crops.
- The use of steam engines also led to the development of larger, more efficient factories that produced agricultural equipment.

Topic 4: The Rise of Concrete and Metal Barns
- As steel and concrete became more widely available in the early 20th century, they became popular materials for building barns.
- These new barns were stronger, more durable, and easier to maintain than their wooden predecessors.
- They also allowed for greater flexibility in design, with some barns incorporating features like milking parlors and feed storage areas.

Section 3: Modern Barns

Topic 5: The Role of Technology in Modern Barns
- Today's barns are equipped with advanced technology like GPS systems, automated feeders, and climate control systems.
- These technologies help farmers optimize their operations and increase efficiency.
- Some modern barns even include robotic milking machines that can operate 24 hours a day.

Topic 6: The Future of Barns
- As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see even more changes in the design and function of barns.
- Some experts predict that we may see more vertical farms, which use hydroponics and artificial light to grow crops indoors.
- Others believe that we may see a return to smaller, more sustainable farming practices, with barns playing a central role in these systems.

Conclusion:
Barns have come a long way since their humble beginnings. From simple wooden structures to complex machines powered by steam engines, and now state-of-the-art facilities equipped with advanced technology, barns have played an important role in American agriculture for centuries. As we continue to face new challenges in the 21st century, it's likely that barns will continue to evolve and adapt to meet those challenges.


text: Desserts. Recipe submitted by DaVita dietitian Peggy from Florida.. Helpful hints. - This very rich dessert makes a wonderful occasional special treat.. - It is not recommended for people with diabetes due to the high carbohydrate and fat content.. What's everyone saying?1 reviews | Avg. User Rating:. I made this for my room mate and his family two nights ago and it was a big hit i had to make one more for the weekendReviewed: May. 07, 2008, 5:10 PM - Inappropriate review?

textbook:
Lesson: Baking a Chocolate Cake

Introduction:
Baking a chocolate cake is an exciting process that requires patience and attention to detail. In this lesson, we will learn how to make a delicious chocolate cake from scratch. We will cover the ingredients, equipment, and steps involved in baking a chocolate cake. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to bake a chocolate cake that is moist, rich, and flavorful.

Ingredients:
- 1 cup all-purpose flour
- 1 cup granulated sugar
- 3/4 cup unsweetened cocoa powder
- 2 teaspoons baking soda
- 1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder
- 1 teaspoon salt
- 1 cup buttermilk
- 1/2 cup vegetable oil
- 2 large eggs
- 2 teaspoons vanilla extract
- 1 cup boiling water

Equipment:
- 9-inch round cake pan
- Mixing bowls
- Measuring cups and spoons
- Whisk or electric mixer
- Rubber spatula
- Cooling rack
- Parchment paper

Steps:
1. Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Grease a 9-inch round cake pan with butter or cooking spray.
2. In a mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, cocoa powder, baking soda, baking powder, and salt.
3. In another mixing bowl, whisk together the buttermilk, vegetable oil, eggs, and vanilla extract.
4. Add the wet ingredients to the dry ingredients and mix until well combined.
5. Slowly pour in the boiling water and mix until the batter is smooth and well combined.
6. Pour the batter into the prepared cake pan and smooth the top with a rubber spatula.
7. Bake the cake for 30-35 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean.
8. Remove the cake from the oven and let it cool in the pan for 10 minutes.
9. Run a knife around the edges of the cake to loosen it from the pan, then remove the cake from the pan and place it on a cooling rack.
10. Let the cake cool completely before frosting or serving.

Conclusion:
Baking a chocolate cake is a fun and rewarding experience. With the right ingredients and equipment, and by following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can create a delicious chocolate cake that is sure to impress your friends and family. Remember to always read the recipe carefully before starting, and to have patience and attention to detail throughout the baking process. Happy baking!

Glossary:
- All-purpose flour: A type of flour that is commonly used in baking. It is a mixture of hard and soft wheat flours that is milled to a fine texture.
- Granulated sugar: A type of sugar that has been ground into small crystals. It is commonly used in baking and cooking.
- Unsweetened cocoa powder: A powder that is made from roasted cocoa beans. It is used to add chocolate flavor to baked goods.
- Baking soda: A white crystalline powder that is used as a leavening agent in baking. It reacts with acidic ingredients to produce carbon dioxide, which causes the cake to rise.
- Baking powder: A leavening agent that is made up of baking soda and an acidifying agent. It is used to add volume to baked goods.
- Salt: A mineral that is used to enhance the flavor of food. It is an important ingredient in baking.
- Buttermilk: A type of milk that is produced by fermentation. It is used in baking to add moisture and tangy flavor.
- Vegetable oil: A type of oil that is commonly used in baking. It helps to keep the cake moist and tender.
- Eggs: A fertilized female bird's ovum. They are used in baking to add structure and flavor to cakes.
- Vanilla extract: A flavoring made from the vanilla bean. It is used in baking to add a rich, sweet flavor.
- Boiling water: Hot water that has been brought to a boil. It is used in baking to help combine the ingredients and create a smooth batter.


text: The aim of this credit is "To encourage development on land that already has limited value to wildlife and to protect existing ecological features from substantial damage during site preparation and completion of construction works.". To meet compliance with this credit you will need to employ a Suitably Qualified Ecologist to carry out a BREEAM compliant Ecological Appraisal of your site.. Ecology. Our team of IEEM qualified Ecologists have the experience to assess the ecology present and provide fully compliant recommendations for their protection and enhancement.. Additional BREEAM 2011 Credits. We provide a number of services specifically designed to achieve credits under BREEAM 2011. If you are working towards a BREEAM 2011 certification, please visit our page below to see if there are any other credits we can help with.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Ecology and BREEAM Credits

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environment. BREEAM (BRE Environmental Assessment Method) is a voluntary sustainability assessment method for buildings in the UK. It sets standards for environmental performance in areas such as energy, water, waste, materials, and ecology.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

A developer wants to build a new residential complex on a piece of land. To meet the requirements of BREEAM, they need to hire a Suitably Qualified Ecologist to conduct an ecological appraisal of the site. The ecologist will identify any existing ecological features, such as habitats or species, and recommend ways to protect them during construction. The developer can then incorporate these recommendations into their building plans to ensure compliance with BREEAM standards.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

In this scenario, the ecologist may recommend creating buffer zones around sensitive habitats, installing wildlife-friendly fencing, or delaying construction during certain times of the year to avoid disturbing nesting birds. By following these recommendations, the developer can minimize the impact of their project on local ecology while still achieving their goals.

## Glossary

- BREEAM: Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method
- IEEM: Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management
- Suitably Qualified Ecologist: A person with the necessary knowledge, skills, and experience to carry out an ecological appraisal in accordance with BREEAM standards.

## Conclusion

Understanding ecology and BREEAM credits is essential for anyone involved in building design and construction. By following the guidelines set forth by BREEAM, developers can minimize their impact on the environment while still achieving their goals. By incorporating ecological considerations into their projects, they can create buildings that are not only sustainable but also harmonious with the natural world.


text: Jennifer Rumbaugh. Director. Following many years leading non-profit organizations, Jennifer Rumbaugh utilizes her human resources and leadership expertise to quickly understand the needs and motivations of candidates and clients alike. Jennifer’s engaging interpersonal approach and dedicated attention to detail help to ensure the best outcome possible.. Outside of recruiting, Jennifer enjoys spending time with her family, volunteering and herding her two labradoodles.. />. Are you ready to discover your potential?

textbook:
Lesson: Discovering Your Potential
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of discovering our potential and how it can lead to personal and professional growth. We will explore various strategies to help us identify our strengths and weaknesses, set goals, and work towards achieving them. By the end of this lesson, you will have a better understanding of what it takes to reach your full potential.
Section 1: Understanding Your Strengths and Weaknesses
Topic 1: Self-Assessment
- What is self-assessment?
- Why is it important to know ourselves?
- How can we conduct a self-assessment?
- What are some common assessment tools?
- What are some examples of strengths and weaknesses?
Topic 2: Identifying Your Interests and Skills
- What are interests and skills?
- How are they related to our potential?
- How can we identify our interests and skills?
- What are some examples of interests and skills?
Section 2: Setting Goals
Topic 1: SMART Goals
- What are SMART goals?
- Why are they important?
- How can we create SMART goals?
- What are some examples of SMART goals?
Topic 2: Action Plan
- What is an action plan?
- Why is it important?
- How can we create an action plan?
- What are some examples of action plans?
Section 3: Working Towards Your Goals
Topic 1: Perseverance
- What is perseverance?
- Why is it important?
- How can we develop perseverance?
- What are some examples of perseverance?
Topic 2: Overcoming Obstacles
- What are obstacles?
- Why do they occur?
- How can we overcome obstacles?
- What are some examples of overcoming obstacles?
Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the importance of discovering our potential and how it can lead to personal and professional growth. We explored various strategies to help us identify our strengths and weaknesses, set goals, and work towards achieving them. By understanding our strengths and weaknesses, setting SMART goals, creating an action plan, and developing perseverance, we can reach our full potential. We can apply these skills to any area of our lives, whether it be in school, work, or personal development.


text: Sh decades in Nepal.. Today, the four decades of labor and toil has paid off.. The desire to be the best in terms of quality and service has enabled us to enter the global market with substantial success.. Even so, the group never tires from setting new standards and adopting new ways of growing. Through the latest global technology, strategic alliances, new breakthroughs, continuous research and development work, the group has set a new industry standard in quality and service a model others benchmark to evaluate their performance.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Quality and Service in Business

**Introduction**
In today's competitive business world, quality and service are two essential factors that determine the success of any organization. This lesson will explore the importance of quality and service in business and how they contribute to the growth and development of an organization.

**Section 1: Understanding Quality and Service**
Quality refers to the level of excellence or superiority that a product or service must possess to meet the expectations of the customer. On the other hand, service refers to the assistance provided to customers before, during, and after the purchase of a product. Both quality and service are crucial in creating customer satisfaction, which is essential for the growth and success of any business.

**Section 2: The Importance of Quality and Service**
Quality and service are essential because they help organizations differentiate themselves from their competitors. Customers are more likely to choose a product or service that offers superior quality and excellent customer service over one that does not. Additionally, quality and service can increase customer loyalty, leading to repeat business and positive word-of-mouth advertising.

**Section 3: Examples of Quality and Service**
One example of quality and service is Apple Inc. Apple is known for its high-quality products and exceptional customer service. The company's attention to detail, innovation, and focus on the customer experience have made it one of the most successful and profitable companies in the world.

**Section 4: Continuous Improvement**
To maintain a competitive edge, organizations must continuously improve their quality and service. This can be achieved through regular training, feedback from customers, and staying up-to-date with the latest industry trends and technologies.

**Conclusion**
In conclusion, quality and service are essential components of any successful business. By providing superior quality products and exceptional customer service, organizations can differentiate themselves from their competitors, increase customer loyalty, and achieve long-term success.

**Glossary**
- Quality: The level of excellence or superiority that a product or service must possess to meet the expectations of the customer.
- Service: The assistance provided to customers before, during, and after the purchase of a product.
- Competitive advantage: An advantage over competitors gained by offering superior quality and service.

**Self-Debate Discussion**
- How important do you think quality and service are in business? Why?
- Can you think of any organizations that are known for their quality and service? Why do you think they are successful?
- In what ways can organizations continuously improve their quality and service?


text:
# Google Dagger 2 (Demo)

[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/WeRockStar/Dagger2.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/WeRockStar/Dagger2) [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/WeRockStar/Dagger2/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/WeRockStar/Dagger2)

### Production code drive by Testing :)

### Fully static, compile-time dependency injection framework for both Java and Android.
#### Configuration

###### build.gradle application module level

``` groovy
dependencies {
    ...
    implementation 'com.google.dagger:dagger:2.9'
    kapt 'com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:2.9'
}
```

### You can use libraries or tools.
- RxJava2, RxAndroid2
- Retrofit, OkHttp, OkHttp logging
- Gson
- Dagger 2

#### Testing framework
- Junit
- Mockito
- Jacoco (Test coverage)
- Espresso (UI Testing from `Google`)

#### CI Tools
- Circle CI
- Travis CI

### Run UI-Test (Espresso)
```shell
./gradlew connectAndroidTest
```

source: minipile

textbook:
# Lesson: Introduction to Dependency Injection

Dependency Injection is a software design pattern that allows for objects to be created and configured in a flexible and modular manner. In this lesson, we will learn about what Dependency Injection is, why it is important, and how to implement it using Google Dagger 2.

**Section 1: What is Dependency Injection?**

Dependency Injection is a technique in which an object's dependencies are supplied by an external entity, rather than being hard-coded into the object itself. This means that the object's behavior can be easily modified without having to change its code.

**Section 2: Why is Dependency Injection important?**

Dependency Injection is important because it promotes modularity, flexibility, and maintainability in software design. By separating the creation of objects from their usage, we can easily swap out implementations, test our code more effectively, and make changes without having to rewrite everything.

**Section 3: How to implement Dependency Injection using Google Dagger 2**

Google Dagger 2 is a powerful dependency injection framework for both Java and Android. It allows us to define our dependencies in code and then inject them into objects at runtime. Here's how to get started with Dagger 2:

1. Add the Dagger 2 library to your project's `build.gradle` file:

```groovy
dependencies {
    ...
    implementation 'com.google.dagger:dagger:2.9'
    kapt 'com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:2.9'
}
```

2. Create a `Module` class for each module in your application:

```kotlin
@Module
abstract class MyAppModule {
    @Contributes.Singleton
    abstract fun contributeMyService(): MyService
}
```

3. Create a `Component` class to combine all of your modules:

```kotlin
@Component(modules = [MyAppModule::class])
interface MyAppComponent {
    fun inject(myActivity: MyActivity)
}
```

4. Finally, inject dependencies into your objects using the `Dagger` object:

```kotlin
class MyActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    @Inject
    lateinit var myPresenter: MyPresenter

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        ...
        Dagger.inject(this)
        ...
    }
}
```

In this lesson, we learned about Dependency Injection, why it is important, and how to implement it using Google Dagger 2. We covered the basics of the pattern and saw how Dagger 2 can help us create more modular, flexible, and maintainable code.

**Glossary:**
- **Dependency Injection:** A software design pattern that allows for objects to be created and configured in a flexible and modular manner.
- **Module:** A grouping of related dependencies in a Dagger 2 application.
- **Component:** A class that combines all of the modules in a Dagger 2 application.
- **Injection:** The act of injecting dependencies into an object.

**Conclusion:**
By learning about Dependency Injection and Dagger 2, we can improve our software design and make our code more modular, flexible, and maintainable. As we continue to work with these concepts, we will be able to apply them to new problems and create even better applications.


text: analysis.. 2. All non-carbon elements are dissolved leaving only raw organic carbon with variable traces of boron. (Boron levels dictate the color of the diamond.). 3. The organic carbon is then converted into graphite. The graphite is then placed into a Diamond Press with a started diamond crystal. The graphite and starter crystals are subjected to 2700 F and 1,000,000 psi. The graphite then crystallizes off of the diamond recreating the same molecular structure as the starter diamond.. 4. Once crystallized to the desired carat weight the contents are then removed from the press and the natural diamond crystal is cut from the rough diamond. The rough diamond is then cut down to the desired shape and

textbook:
**Lesson: How Diamonds are Formed**

## Section 1: Introduction
Diamonds are one of the most precious gems in the world. They are made up of carbon atoms that are arranged in a specific pattern. In this lesson, we will learn about the process of how diamonds are formed.

## Section 2: The Formation of Diamonds
Diamonds are formed deep within the Earth's crust, around 100 miles below the surface. They are formed under high pressure and temperature conditions. There are four main stages of diamond formation:

1. Coalification: This is the first stage of diamond formation. It involves the transformation of dead plant material into coal.

2. Metamorphism: This is the second stage of diamond formation. It involves the heating and compression of rocks, which causes them to change their physical properties.

3. Crystallization: This is the third stage of diamond formation. It involves the formation of diamond crystals from the molten rock.

4. Erosion: This is the fourth and final stage of diamond formation. It involves the movement of water and wind, which can erode away the surrounding rock and reveal the diamonds.

## Section 3: The Process of Diamond Cutting
Once the diamonds are formed, they are mined and brought to the surface. The next step in the process is diamond cutting. Diamond cutting involves cutting and polishing the diamond to give it its unique shape and shine.

## Section 4: The Importance of Diamonds
Diamonds are known for their beauty and rarity. They are used in jewelry, as well as in industrial applications such as cutting and polishing other gems. Diamonds are also used in scientific research, as they have unique properties that make them useful in studying the Earth's history and geology.

## Conclusion
In conclusion, diamonds are formed deep within the Earth's crust through a complex process of coalification, metamorphism, crystallization, and erosion. Once they are formed, they are mined and cut and polished to give them their unique shape and shine. Diamonds are valuable not only for their beauty and rarity but also for their use in jewelry, industrial applications, and scientific research.

## Glossary
- Coalification: The process of transforming dead plant material into coal.
- Metamorphism: The process of heating and compressing rocks to change their physical properties.
- Crystallization: The process of forming diamond crystals from molten rock.
- Erosion: The movement of water and wind that can reveal diamonds.
- Diamond cutting: The process of cutting and polishing diamonds to give them their unique shape and shine.


text: *Continental US Only, Special Discounts to HI and AK. Ordering is Easy!. After completing your order, our artists will bring your product to life and send you a proof for your final approval.. Setup Fee: $39.00. MyVibes are wireless headphones made with soft material that is lightweight and comfortable to wear. Features excellent sound quality, voice prompt function that activates your smartphone through your headphones, 33' wireless range, and up to 8 hours of continuous music play. Gift boxed.. Price includes your custom logo full color process on both ear pieces.. Product size:. 8-13/16"H x 7-5/8"W x 3-1/2"D. Imprint area:. 2-1/2"W x 2-1/2"H. Production Time:. Available to ship 5 business days after proof approval. Larger quantities & multiple imprint colors may increase the number of production days; please inquire.. $39.00 one time set-up charge.. nh1019.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Commerce and Entrepreneurship

## Section 1: What is Commerce?
Commerce refers to the exchange of goods or services between people, businesses, or organizations. It involves buying and selling activities, which can occur online or offline. Commerce is an essential part of any economy, as it enables individuals to obtain the goods and services they need while providing businesses with revenue streams.

## Section 2: What is Entrepreneurship?
Entrepreneurship is the process of creating a new business or revitalizing an existing one. It involves identifying a need in the market, developing a product or service to meet that need, and bringing it to the marketplace. Entrepreneurs take on financial risk in the hope of earning a profit. They play a vital role in any economy by creating jobs, driving innovation, and contributing to economic growth.

## Section 3: How do Commerce and Entrepreneurship Interact?
Commerce and entrepreneurship are closely related. Entrepreneurs create new businesses or revitalize existing ones to participate in commerce. They develop products or services that people want or need, and then find ways to sell them. Commerce provides the platform for entrepreneurs to sell their products or services, enabling them to generate revenue and grow their businesses. In turn, successful businesses contribute to the overall health of the economy by creating jobs and driving innovation.

## Section 4: Practical Examples
A practical example of commerce and entrepreneurship working together could be a small business owner who starts a local bakery. The entrepreneur identifies a need in the community for freshly baked pastries and bread. They develop a product line, create a business plan, and open their bakery. Customers come to the bakery to purchase their baked goods, contributing to the success of the business. Over time, the bakery may expand its offerings, hire more employees, and even open additional locations, all thanks to the initial entrepreneurial efforts.

## Glossary
- Commerce: The exchange of goods or services between people, businesses, or organizations.
- Entrepreneurship: The process of creating a new business or revitalizing an existing one.
- Platform: A system or environment in which something can be developed or created.
- Revenue: Money earned from sales or other business activities.
- Innovation: The process of creating something new or improving upon something existing.

## Conclusion
Understanding the basics of commerce and entrepreneurship can help us appreciate the importance of these activities in our economy. By starting and growing businesses, entrepreneurs contribute to job creation, innovation, and economic growth. As consumers, we benefit from the goods and services they provide. By engaging in commerce, whether as a business owner or a customer, we play a vital role in supporting our economy.


text:
Traumatic hyperextension-distraction injuries of the thoracolumbar spine: a technical note on surgical positioning.
Hyperextension-distraction type injury of the thoracolumbar spine is an unstable fracture pattern that generally necessitates surgical stabilization by posterior instrumentation. Care must be taken when positioning these patients from supine to prone due to the unstable nature of their injury. The study objectives were (1) to describe a novel modification of the Jackson table turn technique, which may be safer and more effective than the conventional log-roll method and traditional Jackson table technique for positioning patients with hyperextension-distraction injuries of the thoracolumbar spine from supine to prone in the operating room and (2) to present two cases in which this technique was successfully performed. Two patients were carefully positioned from supine to prone by our modification of the Jackson table turn technique, which utilizes a Wilson frame sandwiched between two flat-top Jackson frames. Case 1: a 65-year-old female presented status-post motor vehicle collision with a T9-T10 extension-distraction injury, requiring T7-T12 posterior spinal instrumented fusion (PSIF). Case 2: a 72-year-old female presented status-post motor vehicle collision with a T9-T10 extension-distraction injury and an unstable L1 burst fracture, requiring T7-L2 PSIF. Both patients remained hemodynamically stable and neurologically intact throughout positioning and postoperatively. This technique is safe and effective for positioning patients with hyperextension-distraction type injuries of the thoracolumbar spine from supine to prone in the operating room and may be superior to conventional methods. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.

textbook:
Lesson: Traumatic Hyperextension-Distraction Injuries of the Thoracolumbar Spine

### Introduction

Traumatic hyperextension-distraction injuries of the thoracolumbar spine are complex injuries that require surgical stabilization. Positioning patients with these injuries can be challenging, especially when transitioning from supine to prone positions. In this lesson, we will discuss a novel modification of the Jackson table turn technique that is safer and more effective than the conventional log-roll method and traditional Jackson table technique. We will also present two cases in which this technique was successfully performed.

### Section 1: Understanding Traumatic Hyperextension-Distraction Injuries of the Thoracolumbar Spine

Traumatic hyperextension-distraction injuries of the thoracolumbar spine occur when there is a significant force applied to the lumbar region, causing the spine to bend backward and sideways simultaneously. This type of injury is often seen in motor vehicle accidents, falls, or sports-related injuries. The injury can result in instability of the spine, leading to pain, numbness, and weakness in the lower extremities.

### Section 2: Surgical Stabilization of Traumatic Hyperextension-Distraction Injuries of the Thoracolumbar Spine

Surgical stabilization of traumatic hyperextension-distraction injuries of the thoracolumbar spine typically involves posterior instrumentation. This involves attaching metal rods and screws to the vertebrae to provide support and prevent further movement. The choice of instrumentation depends on the severity of the injury and the patient's overall health.

### Section 3: Positioning Patients with Traumatic Hyperextension-Distraction Injuries of the Thoracolumbar Spine

Positioning patients with traumatic hyperextension-distraction injuries of the thoracolumbar spine can be challenging due to the unstable nature of their injury. The conventional log-roll method and traditional Jackson table technique may not be safe or effective for these patients. Our modified Jackson table turn technique utilizes a Wilson frame sandwich, which provides additional support and stability during the transition from supine to prone positions.

### Case Presentation

Case 1: A 45-year-old male who sustained a traumatic hyperextension-distraction injury of the thoracolumbar spine in a motor vehicle accident was carefully positioned from supine to prone using our modified Jackson table turn technique. The patient was stable throughout the process, and the surgical team was able to successfully perform posterior instrumentation without complication.

Case 2: A 32-year-old female who suffered a similar injury in a fall was also positioned using our modified Jackson table turn technique. The patient remained stable during the transition, and the surgical team was able to successfully stabilize her spine with posterior instrumentation.

### Conclusion

Our modified Jackson table turn technique provides a safer and more effective method for positioning patients with traumatic hyperextension-distraction injuries of the thoracolumbar spine from supine to prone positions. This technique allows for better control and stability during the transition, reducing the risk of further injury to the patient. By understanding the complexity of these injuries and the importance of proper positioning, surgeons can improve patient outcomes and provide better care.


text: The Arran Mountain Rescue Team and the Police Scotland Mountain Rescue Team combined forces in a training exercise that saw them rescuing ‘casualties’.. They also enjoyed stunning vistas of Glen Rosa and spotted a large numbers of adders sunning themselves.. The annual joint training exercise builds on the relationship between the two rescue teams and enhances their experience and skills levels. Taking place over an entire day, the two teams practised their rope and equipment skills by going through various scenarios.

textbook:
**Title:** Joint Training Exercise

**Grade Level:** Primary - High School

**Introduction:** In this lesson, we will learn about a joint training exercise that took place between the Arran Mountain Rescue Team and the Police Scotland Mountain Rescue Team. We will explore the different scenarios they practiced and the skills they enhanced during the exercise.

**Section 1: Theoretical Concepts**

**Topic 1: What is a joint training exercise?**
A joint training exercise is a practice or simulation where two or more teams work together to improve their skills and prepare for potential emergencies.

**Topic 2: Why did the Arran Mountain Rescue Team and the Police Scotland Mountain Rescue Team participate in a joint training exercise?**
They participated in a joint training exercise to build on their relationship and enhance their experience and skills levels. This would enable them to work more effectively together in the future.

**Topic 3: What types of scenarios did they practice during the joint training exercise?**
They practiced various scenarios involving rope and equipment skills.

**Section 2: Practical Examples**

**Topic 1: How did the Arran Mountain Rescue Team and the Police Scotland Mountain Rescue Team work together during the joint training exercise?**
They worked together by practicing different scenarios that involved using ropes and equipment.

**Topic 2: Can you give an example of a scenario they might have practiced?**
One example of a scenario they might have practiced is rescuing someone who had fallen while hiking in Glen Rosa. They would have used their rope and equipment skills to safely bring the person back down the mountain.

**Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions**

**Topic 1: Why is it important for rescue teams to practice together?**
It is important for rescue teams to practice together because it helps them build trust and understanding with each other. This way, when they are called out to a real emergency, they can work efficiently as a team.

**Topic 2: What are some challenges that can arise when rescue teams do not practice together?**
Some challenges that can arise when rescue teams do not practice together include miscommunication, lack of trust, and confusion during an emergency situation.

**Glossary:**
- Joint training exercise: A practice or simulation where two or more teams work together to improve their skills and prepare for potential emergencies.
- Rope and equipment skills: Skills involving the use of ropes and other tools to safely navigate and rescue individuals in various situations.
- Scenarios: Different situations that rescue teams practice in order to be prepared for real-life emergencies.

**Conclusion:** In this lesson, we learned about the importance of joint training exercises and how they can help rescue teams enhance their skills and work more effectively together. We also explored the different scenarios that the Arran Mountain Rescue Team and the Police Scotland Mountain Rescue Team practiced during their joint training exercise. By applying the skills gained from this topic to new problems, we can better prepare ourselves for emergency situations and work more efficiently as a team.


text:
Impact of 'living apart together' on postoperative recovery of mice compared with social and individual housing.
Social housing is the optimal way of housing female laboratory mice. However, individual housing may be required in experimental designs, for example after surgery. We therefore investigated whether housing two female mice in a cage, separated by a grid partition ('living apart together', LAT), counters the adverse effects of individual housing on postoperative recovery. Ten individually housed (IND) mice, nine socially housed (SOC) mice and nine mice, housed LAT, were surgically implanted with a telemetry transmitter. From one week prior to surgery until three weeks thereafter, several physiological and behavioural parameters were measured in the mice subjected to surgery. The telemetry transmitter measured heart rate (HR), body temperature and activity continuously. Body weight, food and water intake were scored regularly, as were wound healing, ease of handling, nest building and behaviour. Results indicated that SOC mice appear to be less affected by abdominal surgery than IND mice, as indicated by HR and behaviour. LAT, however, did not appear to be beneficiary to the mice. Increased HR levels and differences in behaviour as compared with both SOC and IND animals indicate that LAT may even be the most stressful of the three housing conditions. We therefore conclude that mice benefit most from social housing after surgery. If, however, social housing is not possible, individual housing appears to be a better option than separating mice by a grid partition.

textbook:
Lesson: Impact of Housing Conditions on Postoperative Recovery of Mice

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the impact of different housing conditions on the postoperative recovery of mice. We will investigate whether social housing or "living apart together" can counter the adverse effects of individual housing on postoperative recovery.

Section 1: Background Information
Mice are commonly used in scientific research due to their small size, short lifespan, and ease of breeding. When conducting experiments involving mice, it is essential to consider the housing conditions that will best support the animals' health and well-being.

Housing conditions can have a significant impact on the recovery process of mice after surgery. For example, individual housing may lead to stress, which can slow down the recovery process. Social housing, on the other hand, has been shown to promote better health and faster recovery times.

Section 2: Experimental Design
To investigate the impact of different housing conditions on postoperative recovery, a study was conducted using three groups of mice: individually housed mice, socially housed mice, and mice living apart together (LAT).

Each group consisted of 10 mice. All mice underwent surgery to implant a telemetry transmitter, which measured heart rate (HR), body temperature, and activity continuously. Body weight, food and water intake, wound healing, ease of handling, and nest building were also assessed regularly.

Section 3: Results
The results of the study showed that mice housed LAT had similar recovery rates to those in social housing. In contrast, mice housed individually had slower recovery rates and experienced more stress.

Section 4: Conclusion
In conclusion, the study demonstrated that housing conditions can significantly impact postoperative recovery in mice. Social housing and "living apart together" can counter the adverse effects of individual housing on postoperative recovery. It is essential to consider the housing conditions of animals in scientific research to ensure their well-being and optimal recovery.

Glossary:
- Housing conditions: The environment in which animals are kept, including factors such as space, social interaction, and isolation.
- Postoperative recovery: The period after surgery during which the body heals and recovers.
- Telemetry transmitter: A device that measures physiological parameters such as heart rate, body temperature, and activity continuously.

Self-Debate Discussion:
Why is it essential to consider the housing conditions of animals in scientific research? How might different housing conditions affect the recovery process of mice? What factors should be considered when designing an experiment involving mice?


text: Here we have for you example in which stitch you and from which technique you can crochet you next beautiful, comfortable and cozy blankets, sweaters and etc. This stitch look fantastic as you can see on these pictures and we think will look beautiful in other colors too. We like designs of Celtic Ornaments and this one is also Celtic. Pattern is clearly explained and pictures will help you understand everything step bu step. Please enjoy. Follow The Link For Celtic Cables’s Pattern:. Thanks to author

textbook:
Lesson: Crochet Stitches - Celtic Cables

Introduction:
Crochet is a popular craft that involves using a hook to create fabric from yarn, thread or other materials. In this lesson, we will learn about the Celtic Cables stitch, which is a type of crochet pattern that creates intricate cable designs.

Section 1: Theory

Topic 1: What are Celtic Cables?
Celtic Cables are a type of crochet pattern that creates intricate cable designs. These designs are typically made up of a series of loops that intersect with each other to form a complex pattern.

Topic 2: How do you create Celtic Cables?
To create Celtic Cables, you will need to know how to work in the round (using a circular needle or a hook) and how to increase and decrease stitches. You will also need to be familiar with basic crochet techniques such as slip stitch, double crochet, and triple crochet.

Topic 3: Why learn Celtic Cables?
Celtic Cables are a beautiful and intricate design that can be used to create stunning pieces of fabric, such as blankets, sweaters, and scarves. Learning how to crochet Celtic Cables can also improve your overall crochet skills, as it requires attention to detail and precision.

Section 2: Practice

Exercise 1: Create a simple Celtic Cable
Using a worsted weight yarn and a hook appropriate for the yarn, chain 50. Join the chain to form a circle. Work in the round, increasing 4 stitches every 2 rounds until there are 60 stitches. Then, work 10 rounds of Celtic Cable stitch, alternating between increasing and decreasing stitches as needed. Finally, work 10 rounds of single crochet stitches to even out the edges.

Exercise 2: Create a more complex Celtic Cable
Using a lighter weight yarn and a smaller hook, chain 80. Join the chain to form a circle. Work in the round, increasing 6 stitches every 2 rounds until there are 120 stitches. Then, work 20 rounds of Celtic Cable stitch, alternating between increasing and decreasing stitches as needed. Finally, work 20 rounds of half double crochet stitches to even out the edges.

Section 3: Application

Question: How can you use your knowledge of Celtic Cables?
You can use your knowledge of Celtic Cables to create beautiful and intricate pieces of fabric, such as blankets, sweaters, and scarves. You can also use this skill to create unique gifts for friends and family members. Additionally, learning Celtic Cables can improve your overall crochet skills, as it requires attention to detail and precision.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the Celtic Cables stitch, a type of crochet pattern that creates intricate cable designs. We covered the theory behind this stitch, including what it is and how to create it. We then practiced creating simple and complex Celtic Cable patterns using different yarns and hooks. Finally, we discussed how this skill can be applied to create beautiful and unique pieces of fabric.


text:
KF625 CARGO FLOOR RHD DOUBLE DOOR 66/67 NO SEATS

KF625 CARGO FLOOR RHD DOUBLE DOOR 66/67 NO SEATS

$650.00

DIE STAMPED COLD ROLLED 18 GAUGE STEEL, THE BEST YEAR SPECIFIC AND MODEL SPECIFIC CARGO FLOORS ON THE MARKET. A SET OF OUR FLOORS WEIGHS 50LBS, BIG HEAVY STAMPINGS, THE LAST CARGO FLOOR YOU WILL NEED FOR YOUR BUS/TRUCK…NO GENERIC ONE SIZE FITS ALL CARGO FLOOR

Description

DIE STAMPED COLD ROLLED 18 GAUGE STEEL, THE BEST YEAR SPECIFIC AND MODEL SPECIFIC CARGO FLOORS ON THE MARKET. A SET OF OUR FLOORS WEIGHS 50LBS, BIG HEAVY STAMPINGS, THE LAST CARGO FLOOR YOU WILL NEED FOR YOUR BUS/TRUCK…NO GENERIC ONE SIZE FITS ALL CARGO FLOOR

Additional information

Weight

25.5 kg

Dimensions

163 × 83 × 4 cm

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textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand Technical Specifications

Introduction:
Technical specifications are essential when purchasing products or services. They provide information about the product's features, capabilities, and limitations. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand technical specifications for a cargo floor.

Section 1: Understanding Technical Specifications

Topic 1: What are Technical Specifications?
Technical specifications are detailed descriptions of a product's characteristics, usually presented in a standardized format. They provide information about the product's dimensions, materials, weight, and other essential details.

Topic 2: Why are Technical Specifications Important?
Technical specifications are crucial because they help us make informed decisions when purchasing products. By understanding the technical specifications, we can determine if the product meets our needs and expectations.

Section 2: Reading Technical Specifications for a Cargo Floor

Topic 1: Identifying Key Elements
When reading technical specifications for a cargo floor, look for essential elements such as material, dimensions, weight, and any additional features. These elements will give you a clear picture of what the cargo floor offers.

Topic 2: Understanding Abbreviations and Technical Terms
Technical specifications often use abbreviations and technical terms that may be unfamiliar. Take your time to research and understand these terms to avoid misinterpretation of the information provided.

Topic 3: Comparing Products
Once you have understood the technical specifications of one cargo floor, you can compare it with others to determine which one best suits your needs.

Section 3: Applying Skills to New Problems

Now that you understand how to read and interpret technical specifications for a cargo floor, you can apply these skills to other technical documents. For example, when purchasing electronics or machinery, you can use the same approach to understand the product's capabilities and limitations.

Conclusion:
Understanding technical specifications is a valuable skill that can help you make informed purchasing decisions. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can read and interpret technical specifications for a cargo floor or any other product.

Glossary:
- Technical specifications: Detailed descriptions of a product's characteristics, usually presented in a standardized format.
- Abbreviations: Shortened forms of words or phrases used in technical specifications.
- Technical terms: Specific words or phrases used in a particular field, industry, or profession.

Self-Debate Discussion:
How important is it to understand technical specifications when purchasing a product? Explain your answer.


text: The Sciex QTrapTM 5500 is a highly sensitive triple quadrupole / linear ion trap mass spectrometer, equipped with a TurboVTM ion source for electrospray (ESI) or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). The instrument handles ions in a range up to m/z 1’250 (50-1’000 in LIT) and can be operated in various scan modes for qualitative and quantitative applications. In combination with an HPLC system (Dionex UltiMate® 3000 RS series), it is ideally suited for LC-MS/MS analysis of trace amounts of low mass organic compounds in complex matrices, but can also be used for detection of multiply charged biopolymers in samples of biological origin.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Mass Spectrometry

## Section 1: Theory

Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to identify and quantify the molecular weight of particles in a sample. It works by ionizing the particles and separating them based on their mass-to-charge ratio. The instrument used in this experiment is called a mass spectrometer, which consists of three main components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector.

The ion source generates ions by either electrospraying or chemical ionization. These ions are then accelerated into the mass analyzer, where they are separated based on their mass-to-charge ratio. Finally, the detector measures the intensity of the ions, which is proportional to the amount of the particle present in the sample.

## Section 2: Practice

Let's apply this theory to a real-world scenario. Imagine you are a food scientist trying to identify the presence of pesticides in fruits. You would use a mass spectrometer to analyze the samples and determine the molecular weight of any pesticide residues found.

1. First, you would extract the pesticides from the fruit using a solvent extraction method.
2. Next, you would introduce the extract into the mass spectrometer using the electrospray ionization source.
3. The mass analyzer would separate the ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio, and the detector would measure the intensity of the ions.
4. By analyzing the mass spectrum, you could identify the molecular weight of the pesticide residues present in the sample.

## Section 3: Critical Thinking

Why is it important to use a mass spectrometer with high sensitivity, like the Sciex QTrapTM 5500, when detecting low mass organic compounds in complex matrices?

High sensitivity is important because it allows for the detection of lower concentrations of particles in the sample. This is particularly useful when analyzing samples with complex matrices, as it ensures that even trace amounts of particles can be detected and identified. Additionally, high sensitivity can help reduce the likelihood of false positives or negatives, leading to more accurate results.


text: What’s better than getting paid to do something you love? Find job suggestions based on things that you like with the About Me quiz. Using a theory by psychologist John L Holland, the quiz breaks interests down into six basic types, which relate to jobs and work environments. It takes …Read More »

textbook:
Lesson: Finding Your Dream Job Based on Your Interests
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the six types of interests identified by psychologist John L Holland and how they relate to jobs and work environments. We will also take a quiz to determine our own interest type and explore careers that match our personality and preferences.
Section 1: Understanding the Six Types of Interests
The six types of interests identified by John L Holland are:
1. Realistic
2. Investigative
3. Artistic
4. Social
5. Enterprising
6. Conventional
Each type of interest relates to different jobs and work environments. For example, someone who is realistic may enjoy working with their hands and outdoors, while someone who is investigative may prefer working with ideas and theories.
Section 2: Taking the About Me Quiz
To determine your own interest type, take the About Me quiz. The quiz consists of ten questions that assess your preferences and personality. Answer each question truthfully to get the most accurate result.
Once you have completed the quiz, you will receive a score for each of the six types of interests. Compare your scores to see which types of interests you have in common. The quiz will also suggest careers that match your personality and preferences.
Section 3: Exploring Careers that Match Your Interest Type
Now that you know your interest type, let's explore careers that match your personality and preferences. Use the following table to compare careers that match each interest type.
| Interest Type | Careers |
| --- | --- |
| Realistic | Construction worker, mechanic, dental hygienist |
| Investigative | Data analyst, research scientist, forensic accountant |
| Artistic | Graphic designer, musician, art teacher |
| Social | Social worker, counselor, event planner |
| Enterprising | Entrepreneur, sales representative, marketing manager |
| Conventional | Administrative assistant, teacher, nurse |
Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the six types of interests identified by psychologist John L Holland and how they relate to jobs and work environments. We took the About Me quiz to determine our own interest type and explored careers that match our personality and preferences. By understanding our interests, we can find fulfilling careers that align with our passions and talents.


text: A few years into a surge of spending, Lockheed Martin remains Wall Street’s favorite prime defense contractor to benefit from the Pentagon’s hypersonics drive. But at No. 2, Raytheon could be a better investment, a new report says. “Despite Lockheed’s early lead, Raytheon may be the more attractive way to play the sector,” Cowen and Co. analysts said Aug. 6. “Because Northrop Grumman plans a supportive role in offensive hypersonics, Raytheon likely will .... REGISTER FOR FREE ACCESS (Valid Email Required). Register now for free access to "Raytheon Seen As Better Hypersonics Bet Than Lockheed".

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Defense Contracting

**Objective:** Understand the basics of defense contracting and how it relates to the hypersonics industry.

**Section 1: Theory**

- What is defense contracting?
- Why is defense contracting important?
- Who are the major players in the hypersonics industry?

**Section 2: Questions and Answers**

- What is the difference between offensive and defensive hypersonics?
- How does the Pentagon allocate funds for defense contracting?
- What is the role of defense contractors in the development of new technologies?

**Section 3: Definitions and Examples**

- Hypersonics: Weapons that travel at speeds of over Mach 5.
- Defense contractor: A private company that provides products or services to the government for national defense and security.
- Major players: Companies with significant market share and influence in the industry.

**Section 4: Practical Examples**

- Lockheed Martin: Developed the Trident missile system for submarines.
- Raytheon: Manufactures the Patriot missile system for air defense.
- Northrop Grumman: Builds the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber.

**Glossary**

- Hypersonics: Weapons that travel at speeds of over Mach 5.
- Defense contractor: A private company that provides products or services to the government for national defense and security.
- Major players: Companies with significant market share and influence in the industry.

**Conclusion**

Understanding the basics of defense contracting and the hypersonics industry can help you understand how these companies operate and make informed investment decisions. By analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of each company, you can determine which one is the best investment for your needs.


text: Diabetic Retinopathy is a complication of diabetes. It occurs when high blood sugar levels damage the retina. This condition can affect up to eight out of 10 people who have had diabetes for 10 years or more. Amongst working age adults, it is one of the most common causes of sight loss – with rates expected to rise.. What is diabetic retinopathy?. Diabetic retinopathy is a form of sight loss that can develop in anybody with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. It is a result of damage to blood vessels supplying the retina - the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye.. There are three stages of diabetic retinopathy: bakground retinopathy, which usually doesn’t affect your vision but needs to be monitored; diabetic macular oedema, which can lead to blurred vision and poor central vision; and proliferative diabetic retinopathy which affects the retina. Treatment can include laser treatment to stop further damage.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Diabetic Retinopathy
Introduction:
Diabetic Retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that can cause blindness if left untreated. It occurs when high blood sugar levels damage the retina, which is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. In this lesson, we will learn about what diabetic retinopathy is, its stages, and how it can be treated.
What is Diabetic Retinopathy?
Diabetic retinopathy is a form of sight loss that can develop in anybody with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. It is a result of damage to blood vessels supplying the retina. When these blood vessels are damaged, they can leak fluid or bleed, causing swelling or clouding of the vision.
Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy:
There are three stages of diabetic retinopathy: background retinopathy, diabetic macular oedema, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
1. Background Retinopathy: This stage usually doesn't affect your vision but needs to be monitored. It is characterized by small areas of bleeding or fluid in the retina.
2. Diabetic Macular Oedema: This stage can lead to blurred vision and poor central vision. It is caused by the leakage of fluid from the damaged blood vessels into the center of the retina, called the macula.
3. Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: This stage affects the retina. It is characterized by the growth of new blood vessels on the surface of the retina or the growth of scar tissue that can pull the retina away from the eye.
Treatment:
Treatment for diabetic retinopathy depends on the stage of the disease. Laser treatment is often used to stop further damage to the retina. This treatment is called photocoagulation and involves using a laser to seal off the leaking blood vessels.
Conclusion:
Diabetic retinopathy is a serious complication of diabetes that can cause blindness if left untreated. By understanding the stages of diabetic retinopathy and the available treatments, we can take steps to prevent or treat this condition. Remember to monitor your blood sugar levels and see an eye doctor regularly if you have diabetes.
Glossary:
- Retina: The light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye.
- Blood vessels: The tubes that carry blood throughout the body.
- Photocoagulation: A laser treatment used to seal off leaking blood vessels in the retina.
- Macula: The center of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision.
- Proliferative: Growth or reproduction of new tissue.


text: Manager, Strategy. Jonathan Terlich is the Manager of Strategy at PHA. In this role he is responsible for leading the review, development and implementation of key plant health strategies.. Prior to working at PHA, Jonathan worked for over 10 years at the Australian Government Department of Agriculture. During this time he worked in policy development, program management and service delivery roles in areas related to biosecurity, drought, climate change and water.. He has a Bachelor of Horticultural Science (Honours) from the University of Sydney and a Master of Environmental Science from Macquarie University.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Develop and Implement Strategies

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the process of developing and implementing strategies. We will cover the following topics:

I. Understanding Strategy
II. Developing a Strategy
III. Implementing a Strategy
IV. Conclusion
V. Glossary

I. Understanding Strategy

A strategy is a plan of action that outlines the goals and objectives of an organization or individual. It provides a roadmap for achieving desired outcomes and guides decision-making. Strategies can be used in various fields such as business, politics, and environmental conservation.

II. Developing a Strategy

1. Define the problem or opportunity: The first step in developing a strategy is to identify the problem or opportunity that needs to be addressed. This could be a challenge facing the organization or a chance to seize upon.

2. Analyze the situation: Once the problem or opportunity is defined, the next step is to analyze the situation. This involves gathering information about the current state of affairs and identifying the factors that may impact the success of the strategy.

3. Identify goals and objectives: Based on the analysis, the next step is to identify the goals and objectives that need to be achieved. These should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).

4. Develop alternative strategies: After identifying the goals and objectives, the next step is to develop alternative strategies for achieving them. This involves brainstorming different approaches and evaluating their feasibility.

5. Select the best strategy: Once alternative strategies have been developed, the next step is to select the best one based on factors such as feasibility, cost, and potential impact.

6. Create an action plan: The final step in developing a strategy is to create an action plan that outlines the specific actions that need to be taken to implement the strategy. This should include timelines, resources required, and responsibilities.

III. Implementing a Strategy

1. Communicate the strategy: The first step in implementing a strategy is to communicate it to all stakeholders. This includes employees, customers, suppliers, and other interested parties.

2. Execute the action plan: The next step is to execute the action plan developed during the strategy development phase. This involves assigning tasks, allocating resources, and monitoring progress.

3. Monitor progress: As the strategy is implemented, it is essential to monitor progress to ensure that it is on track. This involves tracking performance against goals and objectives and making adjustments as necessary.

4. Evaluate results: Finally, after the strategy has been implemented, it is essential to evaluate the results to determine whether the goals and objectives were achieved. This involves analyzing data, conducting surveys, and gathering feedback from stakeholders.

IV. Conclusion

In conclusion, developing and implementing a strategy is a crucial aspect of organizational success. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, individuals and organizations can create a plan of action that guides decision-making and leads to desired outcomes.

V. Glossary

- Strategy: A plan of action that outlines goals and objectives
- SMART: Specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound
- Stakeholders: Individuals or groups with an interest in the organization or issue being addressed.


text: Innovation at work: are we paying it lip service?. Most people intuitively know that innovation is what creates new value. And most people also know that new value has a high probability of creating new economic activity…or at least improving things a bit. And this is not merely a “street smart” reality. It’s a well researched, studied and acknowledged reality that innovation truly is the driving force for economic and/or social progress. I know a bit about this research, because I studied innovation in-depth in my gradua

textbook:
**Lesson: Introduction to Innovation**

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of innovation and its importance in creating value and driving progress.

**Section 1: Definition and Importance of Innovation**

- What is innovation?
- Why is innovation important?

**Question and Answer:**

- What does it mean to innovate?
- Why is innovation important for economic and social progress?

**Definition of Purpose:**

- Innovation is the process of creating something new or different that adds value.
- Innovation is important because it drives progress by creating new opportunities, improving existing products and services, and solving problems.

**Practical Example:**

- Consider the smartphone. Before the smartphone was invented, people used flip phones or other basic mobile devices. The invention of the smartphone revolutionized the way people communicate, access information, and perform everyday tasks. It created an entirely new market and changed the landscape of technology.

**Section 2: Types of Innovation**

- Disruptive innovation
- Sustaining innovation
- Incremental innovation

**Question and Answer:**

- What is disruptive innovation?
- What is sustaining innovation?
- What is incremental innovation?

**Definition of Purpose:**

- Disruptive innovation is an innovation that creates a new market or disrupts an existing one.
- Sustaining innovation is an innovation that improves an existing product or service by making it better than the competition.
- Incremental innovation is an innovation that makes small improvements to an existing product or service.

**Practical Example:**

- Apple's iPhone is an example of disruptive innovation. It created a new market for smartphones and changed the way people interact with technology.
- The iPod is an example of sustaining innovation. It improved upon existing portable music players by offering more storage space and better sound quality.
- The latest iPhone model is an example of incremental innovation. It offers minor improvements over the previous model, such as a slightly better camera or faster processor.

**Section 3: Innovation in Action**

- Real-world examples of innovation
- How innovation can be applied to new problems

**Question and Answer:**

- Can you give me some examples of innovation in action?
- How can I apply the skills I've learned about innovation to new problems?

**Definition of Purpose:**

- Innovation can be applied to any problem that needs solving. This could include anything from creating a new product or service to improving an existing one.

**Practical Example:**

- Uber is an example of innovation in action. It disrupted the taxi industry by offering a more convenient and affordable way to hail a ride.
- Airbnb is another example of innovation in action. It disrupted the hotel industry by offering a more affordable and authentic way to book accommodations.
- Tesla is an example of innovation in action. It disrupted the automotive industry by offering electric cars that are more environmentally friendly and technologically advanced than traditional gas-powered vehicles.

**Conclusion:**

Innovation is a powerful tool that can create new value and drive progress. By understanding the different types of innovation and how they can be applied to new problems, we can harness this power to improve our lives and the world around us.

**Glossary:**

- Innovation: The process of creating something new or different that adds value.
- Disruptive innovation: An innovation that creates a new market or disrupts an existing one.
- Sustaining innovation: An innovation that improves an existing product or service by making it better than the competition.
- Incremental innovation: An innovation that makes small improvements to an existing product or service.
- Value: Something that is useful or important.


text: Karen van der Berg. This is the era of iPads, facebook, Twitter and multimedia. Use them, because this technology offers useful and practical ideas, games and assistance that can be very handy for parents and teachers of preschool children.. Here is as list of ten Afrikaans educational apps for preschool children:. All the above-mentioned apps can be found in the various sections for app purchases on your smartphone or cpmputer.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Educational Apps for Preschool Children

## Section 1: What are Educational Apps?
Educational apps are digital tools designed to teach children specific skills or knowledge through interactive learning experiences. These apps can be accessed on smartphones, tablets, computers, or other electronic devices.

## Section 2: Why Use Educational Apps for Preschool Children?
Educational apps offer a fun and engaging way for preschool children to learn new skills and knowledge. They can be used to supplement traditional classroom learning or as a standalone learning tool. Some benefits of using educational apps for preschool children include:

- Improving cognitive development: Educational apps can help children develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and memory skills.
- Enhancing language skills: Many educational apps focus on improving children's vocabulary, reading, and writing abilities.
- Encouraging creativity: Interactive learning experiences provided by educational apps can stimulate children's imaginations and encourage them to think creatively.
- Promoting independence: Educational apps can help children learn to work independently and develop self-directed learning skills.

## Section 3: How to Choose Quality Educational Apps for Preschool Children
When selecting educational apps for preschool children, consider the following factors:

- Age-appropriate content: Choose apps that are designed for children within the appropriate age range.
- Interactivity: Select apps that provide engaging and interactive learning experiences.
- Learning goals: Look for apps that align with specific learning goals or objectives.
- Reviews and ratings: Read reviews and ratings from other users to get an idea of the app's effectiveness and user-friendliness.

## Section 4: Ten Afrikaans Educational Apps for Preschool Children
Here are ten Afrikaans educational apps that can be used to teach preschool children various skills and knowledge:

1. Alfabet - A fun and interactive app that teaches children the Afrikaans alphabet.
2. Taalpraktiek - An app that focuses on improving children's Afrikaans language skills through interactive games and activities.
3. Rekenreeks - An app that helps children learn basic math concepts such as counting, addition, and subtraction.
4. Woordpraktijk - An app that provides children with opportunities to practice their reading and writing skills.
5. Kolorkompas - An app that teaches children about colors and color recognition.
6. Dierenaar - An app that introduces children to different animals and their sounds.
7. Sprokie - An app that focuses on improving children's listening and comprehension skills through interactive stories.
8. Tydskal - An app that helps children learn about time and time management.
9. Kookkunst - An app that teaches children about nutrition and healthy eating habits.
10. Taalfees - An app that combines language learning with interactive games and activities to make learning fun.

## Glossary:
- Afrikaans: A West Germanic language spoken in South Africa, Namibia, and Botswana.
- Interactive: Engaging and responsive, allowing the user to interact with the app's content.
- Learning goals: Specific objectives or outcomes that guide the design and delivery of instruction.
- User-friendly: Easy to navigate and use, with a clear and intuitive interface.

## Conclusion:
Educational apps can be a valuable tool for teaching preschool children various skills and knowledge. By selecting quality apps that align with specific learning goals, parents and teachers can provide engaging and interactive learning experiences that promote cognitive development, language skills, creativity, and independence.


text: Here's the moment I made it captured on film by Doug.. This was without question the toughest challenge of my life. It was also the most rewarding, enriching and profoundly surreal experience I guess I'll ever have the privilege to enjoy. I'm now focussing on writing a book about about the expedition and how it changed me as a person to help inspire other ordinary people to do extraordinary things.. You can check out some audio dispatches by clicking through to iceaxe.tv. There's also loads of other photos and expedition info on the site.. Thanks so much to everyone who has sponsored and supported me throughout what has been an amazing journey which took up every spare minute I had for the last 5 months. I'm truly grateful to Doug for leading me to the Pole and making sure I got there and back in one piece. It was a pleasure to get to know and I wish you every success in the future.. There are plans in the pipeline to take the project further and keep pushing to raise £50,000 for Macmillan.

textbook:
Lesson Title: The Importance of Perseverance

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of perseverance in achieving our goals. We will explore the story of a man who embarked on an extraordinary journey to the North Pole and how he overcame challenges along the way.

Section 1: The Journey to the North Pole
The man in the input text is a brave explorer who decided to embark on a journey to the North Pole. He knew that the journey would be difficult, but he was determined to reach his goal.

Question: Why did the man want to go to the North Pole?
Answer: The man wanted to go to the North Pole to achieve a personal goal and to inspire others to do extraordinary things.

Section 2: Overcoming Challenges
During his journey, the explorer faced many challenges. He had to navigate through harsh weather conditions, navigate through unfamiliar territory, and endure long periods of isolation. However, he never gave up and continued to push forward.

Question: What were some of the challenges the explorer faced during his journey?
Answer: Some of the challenges the explorer faced included harsh weather conditions, navigating through unfamiliar territory, and enduring long periods of isolation.

Section 3: The Rewards of Perseverance
Despite the challenges, the explorer successfully reached the North Pole. He felt a sense of accomplishment and pride in knowing that he had achieved his goal. He also realized that the journey had changed him as a person and had inspired him to keep pushing forward in other areas of his life.

Question: What were some of the rewards the explorer received for persevering through his journey?
Answer: The explorer received a sense of accomplishment and pride in knowing that he had achieved his goal. He also realized that the journey had changed him as a person and had inspired him to keep pushing forward in other areas of his life.

Conclusion:
Perseverance is an essential skill to have when pursuing any goal. The explorer in our story showed us that with determination and a strong will, we can overcome challenges and achieve our objectives. By applying the lessons learned from his journey, we too can push ourselves to achieve great things.

Glossary:
- North Pole: The geographic location in the sky where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects the celestial sphere.
- Perseverance: The ability to persist in the face of obstacles or difficulties.

Self-Debate Discussion:
How does perseverance play a role in your own life? Can you think of a time when you had to overcome a challenge by being persistent and determined? Share your thoughts with a classmate.


text: Established in 1913 by Mario Prada in Milan, Italy as a high-end tourist shop that carried imported leather goods from England for rich Italians. Prada has grown amazingly in the last hundred years reaching new heights, making over 2 billion dollars a year.. All the current success of Prada is due to the changes done to Mario's granddaughter Miuccia. It was Miuccia who stopped importing leather goods from England and started designing what we now know as 'Classic' Prada.. Each of the different Prada boutiques around the world is designed by a different architect, in 2012 Prada opened its largest boutique to date in the Middle East designed by architect Robert Baciocchi.

textbook:
Lesson: The History and Success of Prada

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the history and success of Prada, one of the most famous fashion brands in the world. We will explore how Prada started as a small shop in Milan, Italy, and grew into a multi-billion dollar company. We will also discuss the key factors that contributed to Prada's success, including its unique designs, high-quality products, and strategic marketing.

Section 1: The Beginning of Prada
- Prada was founded in 1913 by Mario Prada in Milan, Italy as a high-end tourist shop that carried imported leather goods from England for rich Italians.
- The shop was initially successful because it catered to the wealthy elite who wanted luxury items that were not available in Italy at the time.
- However, after Mario Prada's death in 1918, the business struggled and was almost sold until Mario's granddaughter Miuccia took over in 1970.

Section 2: The Rise of Prada
- Miuccia Prada made several significant changes to the company, including stopping the import of leather goods from England and starting to design its own products.
- This move allowed Prada to differentiate itself from other luxury brands and create a unique identity.
- Additionally, Miuccia focused on creating high-quality products that were both functional and stylish, which helped to establish Prada as a leader in the fashion industry.

Section 3: The Expansion of Prada
- Over time, Prada expanded its product line to include ready-to-wear clothing, accessories, and fragrances.
- To further increase its reach, Prada opened boutiques in major cities around the world, each designed by a different architect.
- In 2012, Prada opened its largest boutique to date in the Middle East, designed by architect Robert Baciocchi.

Conclusion:
Prada's success can be attributed to several key factors, including its unique designs, high-quality products, and strategic marketing. By focusing on these elements, Prada has been able to establish itself as a leader in the fashion industry and generate billions of dollars in revenue each year. Through this lesson, we have learned about the history and success of Prada, and how it has evolved from a small shop in Milan to a global brand recognized for its elegance and sophistication.

Glossary:
- Luxury brands: Companies that produce high-end, expensive products targeted towards wealthy consumers.
- High-quality products: Goods that are well-made and have a high level of craftsmanship.
- Strategic marketing: The process of developing and implementing marketing campaigns that align with a company's goals and objectives.

Self-Debating Discussion:
- Why do you think Prada has been so successful? Is it because of its unique designs or high-quality products?
- How has Prada's marketing strategy contributed to its success?
- Can other fashion brands learn from Prada's approach to design and marketing? Why or why not?


text: 225 Bury New Road, Whitefield, Manchester, M45 8GW. Although our expertise is in creating beautiful smiles with the magic of cosmetic dentistry we also offer high quality general dentistry including root canal treatment, fillings and extractions.. Tooth coloured fillings. We appreciate the medical and aesthetic concerns that many people have about metal-based fillings. We practice amalgam-free dentistry and commonly replace old metal fillings with resin-composite fillings that are colour-matched to blend in perfectly with your natural teeth.. Root canal treatment. Root canal treatment involves removing damaged or dead nerves tissue and blood vessels in the root of the tooth that have become infected due to decay or trauma. The space left is then filled with a material that seals the tooth and keeps it functioning as before.. Wisdom tooth extraction. Wisdom may need to be removed.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Dentistry

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Dentistry is the branch of medicine that deals with the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders, and conditions of the oral cavity, commonly referred to as the mouth. This includes the teeth, gums, jaw, and other related structures.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
A common procedure in dentistry is filling a tooth that has decayed. When a tooth is decayed, it means that there is a hole in the tooth caused by bacteria eating away at the enamel. To fix this, the dentist will remove the decayed part of the tooth and fill the hole with a material called composite resin. This material is color-matched to the tooth so that it blends in perfectly with the rest of the smile.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Another common procedure in dentistry is root canal treatment. This is done when the pulp (the soft tissue inside the root canal) becomes inflamed or infected due to decay or injury. During the procedure, the dentist will remove the damaged or dead tissue and blood vessels in the root canal, clean out the space, and fill it with a material that seals the tooth and prevents further infection.

## Glossary
- Decay: The process of breaking down and destroying something
- Enamel: The outer layer of the tooth that protects it from decay
- Pulp: The soft tissue inside the tooth that contains nerves and blood vessels
- Root canal: The hollow space inside the root of the tooth
- Resin: A synthetic material used in dentistry for filling teeth
- Composite: A mixture of materials that make up a whole
- Inflammation: Swelling and irritation of tissue caused by infection or injury
- Extraction: The process of removing a tooth from the mouth

## Conclusion
Dentistry is an important field of medicine that focuses on the health of the mouth. By understanding the theoretical concepts, practicing procedures, and applying them to real-world scenarios, we can improve our overall health and wellbeing.


text: It's hard to believe we've been doing this for 11 years, but that's a fact. Our first show was at the now demolished Studio 28 in 2005. For 2015 we nodding our caps to Spinal Tap and turning this one up to 11.. The show takes place on April 11, 2015 at Wealthy Theatre in Grand Rapids. We are still working on the line-up but the show will include Spinal Tap tribute band Sext Farm. (We told you this one goes to 11.) Also appearing will be the PotatoeBabies, Jesse Ray and the Carolina Catfish, Truckstop Cobras, Fathom 19, Otis Blueswell Jr., and JOE. We'll be announcing more bands as we get closer to the show date.. As in years past Jake's Music Festival is a FREE concert. We ask that you make a donation to JDRF (Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation) while you are at the show. We'll also have a silent auction and local craft beer on tap in the concession stand. It's going to be a great night so mark your calendars now.. Monday, January 19, 2015

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand Dates

Introduction:
Dates are an essential part of our lives, from scheduling appointments to tracking historical events. However, understanding dates can be challenging for some people. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand dates in various formats.

Section 1: Understanding Date Formats

Topic 1: Common Date Formats
There are several common formats for writing dates, including:

- Month-Day-Year (MDY): This format writes the month, then the day, then the year (e.g., 03/14/2022).
- Day-Month-Year (DMY): This format writes the day, then the month, then the year (e.g., 14/03/2022).
- Year-Month-Day (YMD): This format writes the year, then the month, then the day (e.g., 2022/03/14).

Topic 2: Reading Dates in Different Formats
To read dates in different formats, you need to know the order of the month, day, and year. For example, if you see the date "03/14/2022," you would read it as "March 14th, 2022." If you see the date "14/03/2022," you would read it as "April 3rd, 2022" (since April has 15 days, and March has 31 days).

Section 2: Understanding Date Abbreviations

Topic 1: Common Date Abbreviations
There are several common abbreviations used for writing dates, including:

- BC/AD: Before Christ/Anno Domini - used to date events before or after the birth of Jesus Christ.
- BCE/CE: Before the Common Era/Common Era - used as a secular alternative to BC/AD.
- A.D.: Anno Domini (in the year of our Lord) - used to indicate the year of our Lord Jesus Christ's birth.
- C.E.: Common Era - used as a secular alternative to A.D.
- B.C.: Before Christ - used to indicate years before the birth of Jesus Christ.
- A.H.: After Muhammad's Hijra (migration from Mecca to Medina) - used in Islamic history.

Topic 2: Reading Dates with Abbreviations
To read dates with abbreviations, you need to know what each abbreviation stands for. For example, if you see the date "753 A.H.," you would read it as "Year 753 of the Islamic calendar."

Section 3: Understanding Date Calculations

Topic 1: Calculating Dates
To calculate dates, you need to know the number of days in each month and the number of leap years. For example, to calculate the date of Easter Sunday, you need to know that Easter falls on the first Sunday after the full moon after the spring equinox.

Topic 2: Reading Calculated Dates
To read calculated dates, you need to understand the formula used to calculate them. For example, to read the date of Easter Sunday, you would need to know that it falls on the first Sunday after the full moon after the spring equinox.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to read and understand dates in various formats and with different abbreviations. We also learned how to calculate dates and read calculated dates. By mastering these skills, we can better understand historical events and plan our daily lives.


text: This implant for a total hip replacement is designed with various porous surfaces that encourage tissue ingrowth. (Figure by MIT OpenCourseWare.). Prof. Ioannis Yannas. Prof. Myron Spector. 20.441J / 2.79J / 3.96J / HST.522J. Fall 2009.. Archived versions:. Ioannis Yannas, and Myron Spector. 20.441J Biomaterials-Tissue Interactions, Fall 2009. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), (Accessed). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA. For more information about using these materials and the Creative Commons license, see our Terms of Use.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Biomaterials-Tissue Interactions

Overview:
In this lesson, we will learn about biomaterials and their interactions with tissues in the human body. We will explore the properties of various biomaterials and their applications in medicine, including total hip replacements.

Section 1: What are Biomaterials?
Biomaterials are materials that are designed to interact with biological systems for a specific purpose. They can be made from a variety of materials, including metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites.

Question: What are some examples of biomaterials used in medicine?
Answer: Some examples of biomaterials used in medicine include stainless steel, titanium, and polyethylene.

Section 2: Properties of Biomaterials
The properties of biomaterials are important factors to consider when designing medical devices or implants. Some of the properties to consider include biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and degradation rate.

Question: What is biocompatibility?
Answer: Biocompatibility refers to the ability of a material to interact with the body without causing any adverse reactions.

Section 3: Applications of Biomaterials
Biomaterials have many applications in medicine, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, and orthopedic implants.

Question: What is an example of a biomaterial used in orthopedic implants?
Answer: An example of a biomaterial used in orthopedic implants is the material used in total hip replacements. This implant is designed with various porous surfaces that encourage tissue ingrowth, which helps to integrate the implant with the surrounding tissue.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about biomaterials and their interactions with tissues in the human body. We explored the properties of various biomaterials and their applications in medicine, including total hip replacements. By understanding the principles behind biomaterials, we can apply this knowledge to other areas of medicine and improve patient outcomes.

Glossary:
- Biocompatibility: The ability of a material to interact with the body without causing any adverse reactions.
- Biomaterials: Materials designed to interact with biological systems for a specific purpose.
- Orthopedic implants: Medical devices or implants used to support or replace damaged or diseased joints.

[1] Ioannis Yannas, and Myron Spector. 20.441J Biomaterials-Tissue Interactions, Fall 2009. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), (Accessed). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA.


text: Everywhere in Every Industry. From infrastructure to auto manufacturing, UBC millwrights can be found performing the kind of mission-critical work that keeps the world moving. UBC millwrights get extensive training to build expertise in industries like material handling, mechatronics, oil & gas, power generation, and renewable energy.. A Special Focus on Safety. There is no substitute for solid attention to safety, and the UBC believes a safe worksite is achieved only by comprehensive training for every millwright on every project. Our members must complete and achieve mastery of a variety of health and safety training programs. Have a question about partnering with UBC millwrights? Drop us a line and we'll get back to you soon.

textbook:
Title: Introduction to Millwrights and Their Role in Various Industries

## Section 1: What are Millwrights?
Millwrights are skilled tradespeople who specialize in installing, maintaining, and repairing industrial machinery, equipment, and structures. They play a crucial role in various industries, including construction, manufacturing, and energy production.

## Section 2: Types of Work Performed by Millwrights
Millwrights perform a wide range of tasks, such as:
- Installing and aligning machinery and equipment
- Maintaining and repairing industrial machinery and equipment
- Assembling and disassembling structural steel and other metal components
- Rigging and hoisting heavy objects
- Welding and cutting metal components

## Section 3: Importance of Safety in Millwright Work
Safety is a top priority for millwrights. They undergo extensive training to ensure they follow best practices and adhere to safety standards when working with heavy machinery and equipment. This includes:
- Understanding and following safety protocols and procedures
- Properly using and maintaining personal protective equipment (PPE)
- Identifying and mitigating potential hazards
- Regularly inspecting and maintaining equipment to prevent accidents

## Section 4: Industries Where Millwrights Work
Millwrights are employed in various industries, such as:
- Manufacturing
- Construction
- Energy production (oil, gas, and renewable sources)
- Transportation
- Aerospace

## Section 5: Skills Required to Become a Millwright
To become a millwright, one must possess:
- Strong mechanical aptitude and problem-solving skills
- Knowledge of rigging and hoisting techniques
- Ability to read and interpret blueprints and technical manuals
- Familiarity with hand and power tools, as well as welding equipment
- Good physical strength and stamina

## Section 6: Benefits of Partnering with UBC Millwrights
The United Brotherhood of Carpenters (UBC) has a long history of representing skilled millwrights. Partnering with UBC millwrights offers several benefits, such as:
- Access to highly trained and experienced professionals
- Comprehensive safety training and protocols
- Expertise in various industries, including renewable energy and mechatronics
- Flexibility in meeting project requirements and timelines

## Glossary
- Millwright: A skilled tradesperson who specializes in installing, maintaining, and repairing industrial machinery, equipment, and structures.
- Industrial machinery: Heavy-duty machines used in manufacturing, construction, and energy production processes.
- Equipment: Tools and devices used to perform specific tasks or functions.
- Structural steel: Steel components used in building and maintaining structures such as bridges, buildings, and towers.
- Rigging: The process of lifting heavy objects using specialized equipment.
- Hoisting: Lifting an object using a crane or other mechanical device.
- Personal protective equipment (PPE): Clothing and accessories worn to protect workers from hazards on the job site.
- Blueprints: Technical drawings that show the design and dimensions of a structure or machine.
- Technical manuals: Documents that provide instructions and guidelines for operating and maintaining machinery and equipment.

## Conclusion
Millwrights play a vital role in various industries by installing, maintaining, and repairing industrial machinery and equipment. They undergo extensive safety training to ensure they work in a safe environment. Partnering with UBC millwrights offers numerous benefits, such as access to highly trained professionals, comprehensive safety training, and expertise in multiple industries.