text:
A man is seen as a silhouette as he checks a mobile device whilst standing against an illuminated wall bearing Telegram's logo.

Some of the most prominent investors in cryptocurrency are passing on a much-hyped initial coin offering hosted by the messaging app Telegram, while the venture firms that have largely missed out are preparing to invest.

That role reversal is crystallizing ahead of a deadline to decide whether to participate in the $1.2 billion project. The venture firms that have been among the most aggressive in the burgeoning cryptocurrency sector — Andreessen Horowitz, Union Square Ventures and Bessemer Venture Partners — are all expected not to invest in the upcoming ICO, according to sources familiar with their plans.

This ICO, however, is attracting a range of U.S. investors who see the deal as less of an investment in cryptocurrency and more as another investment in a promising consumer product. Several major players in Silicon Valley who are newer to cryptocurrencies are investing: Benchmark, Sequoia Capital, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and the investor Yuri Milner, in his personal capacity, according to people briefed on their plans.

Outside investors are being asked to contribute about $20 million in the pre-sale period of the ICO offered by Telegram, the encrypted social messaging app that is hugely popular overseas. The $1.2 billion made in the ICO would allow Telegram to build and support a payment system on its platform.

The Telegram Open Network offering would put the currency before the app's 180 million monthly active users.

"TON is not a technology bet, since the ICO isn't really proposing anything new. It is a user-traction bet," said one investor with knowledge of the transaction.

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Twitter is selling a new kind of ad: Sponsored Moments

Facebook wants more gamers livestreaming, so it's offering paid deals and a chance to earn donations from fans

Founders Fund, the investment vehicle started by Peter Thiel that has also taken the unusual step of buying cryptocurrencies directly, is also still deciding whether to allocate money to the ICO. Some of those interested firms' plans were first reported by the Financial Times.

Venture capitalists in recent months have been huddling with their funds' own investors to see whether they can purchase ICO tokens instead of securities — or stock in private companies, which is what they're supposed to do. Some firms are treading cautiously, but others like Coinbase backers Andreessen and USV have effectively become branded as, in the words of one investor, "the establishment" in this market.

Nearly every major venture firm has had access to participate in the Telegram ICO. And this deal appeals to venture funds, they say, because it offers an easy, introductory way for them to gain exposure to the crypto-economy without taking a risk on whether the currency will gain sufficient distribution. Interested investors say that Telegram's mainstream appeal means that venture investors are not betting on some obscure platform that could fail even if the underlying technology is brilliant.

"It's an easy 'first ICO' for VC's ramping up to get their head around" cryptocurrency, said another person close to the ICO.

But here's the bearish case, in the eyes of investors that passed on the deal: The assumption that every Telegram user is interested in using cryptocurrency isn't valid. And this ICO does not solve the underlying problem for all ICOs — it is unclear how venture firms will cash in, even if the project is successful.

And others worry about the ICO's lockup period — which sources say ends one to two years after its launch — and whether that could handcuff participants. A savvier move, investors say, would be to merely buy the currencies directly and be able to ride the incredible rise in the value of things like bitcoin.

Some others worry about the background of Pavel Durov, Telegram's controversial CEO, or say they are not impressed by the underpinnings of the technology.

But unlike in traditional financing, the opinions of top-flight venture firms are only somewhat relevant to cryptocurrency insiders. The blessing of a Benchmark — or the thumbs-down of an Andreessen Horowitz — does not have the same signaling effect as it does when a startup is raising capital.

And also unlike startup fundraising, there is not one or two "lead" investors that provide most of the money. Some venture funds here that are pushing around $20 million also later plan to distribute their investment to their own syndicates of investors.

Much of the cash for the Telegram ICO is expected to come from non-American financiers, too.

About half the money for the project will be raised from the public at large later this winter, after institutional investors have had the chance to buy in.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Cryptocurrency Investment

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of cryptocurrency investment and its potential benefits and risks.

**Materials:** Computer, internet connection, projector or smartboard, whiteboard and markers.

**Introduction:** Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security. It operates on a decentralized system called blockchain technology, which records and verifies all transactions. Bitcoin is the most popular cryptocurrency, but there are many others, including Ethereum, Ripple, and Litecoin. In this lesson, we will learn about cryptocurrency investment and its potential benefits and risks.

**Section 1: Understanding Cryptocurrency Investment**

- **What is cryptocurrency?** Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security. It operates on a decentralized system called blockchain technology, which records and verifies all transactions. Bitcoin is the most popular cryptocurrency, but there are many others, including Ethereum, Ripple, and Litecoin.

- **How does cryptocurrency work?** Cryptocurrency transactions are verified by network nodes and recorded in a public ledger called the blockchain. The blockchain is a distributed database that stores all confirmed transactions and is used to ensure the integrity and chronological order of transactions.

- **Why invest in cryptocurrency?** Cryptocurrency investment has several potential benefits, including:

  - High returns: Cryptocurrency prices can increase significantly over a short period of time, leading to high returns for investors.

  - Diversification: Cryptocurrency can be a way to diversify your investment portfolio, reducing the overall risk of your investments.

  - Accessibility: Anyone with an internet connection can buy and sell cryptocurrency, making it accessible to a wide range of investors.

- **Risks of cryptocurrency investment** Cryptocurrency investment also has several potential risks, including:

  - Volatility: Cryptocurrency prices can fluctuate rapidly, leading to significant losses for investors.

  - Regulatory uncertainty: The legal status of cryptocurrency is uncertain in many countries, and regulatory changes could affect its value.

  - Security risks: Cryptocurrency is susceptible to hacking and theft, which could lead to significant losses for investors.

**Section 2: Analyzing a Cryptocurrency Investment Opportunity**

- **Background:** Telegram, a popular messaging app, is planning an initial coin offering (ICO) to raise $1.2 billion. The ICO is attracting a range of U.S. investors who see the deal as less of an investment in cryptocurrency and more as another investment in a promising consumer product.

- **Investment thesis:** Telegram's ICO is attractive because it combines the potential for high returns with a well-established brand and a strong user base. Telegram has over 200 million users, making it one of the most popular messaging apps in the world. Its ICO is also backed by a strong team of developers and entrepreneurs.

- **Risks:** Despite these strengths, there are also several risks associated with investing in Telegram's ICO. For example, the company has faced regulatory challenges in the past, and there is uncertainty around the legal status of cryptocurrency in many countries. Additionally, the price of cryptocurrency is highly volatile, and there is no guarantee that the value of Telegram's token will increase.

**Section 3: Applying Cryptocurrency Investment Concepts**

- **Case study:** Let's say you decided to invest $10,000 in Telegram's ICO. How would you analyze the investment opportunity and manage your risks?

- **Analysis:** You would need to analyze the investment opportunity carefully, considering factors such as the potential returns, the regulatory environment, and the security risks. You would also need to research other similar ICOs to compare their performance and identify any trends or patterns.

- **Risk management:** To manage your risks, you could diversify your investment portfolio by investing in multiple cryptocurrencies, rather than just Telegram's token. You could also set a stop-loss order to limit your losses if the price of the token drops significantly. Additionally, you could monitor the market closely and adjust your investment strategy as needed.

**Conclusion:** Cryptocurrency investment offers several potential benefits, including high returns, diversification, and accessibility. However, it also has several risks, including volatility, regulatory uncertainty, and security risks. By analyzing investment opportunities carefully and managing risks effectively, you can make informed decisions about cryptocurrency investment and potentially achieve high returns.

**Glossary:**

- Cryptocurrency: A digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security.

- Blockchain: A decentralized system that records and verifies all transactions.

- Initial Coin Offering (ICO): A fundraising method where a company issues a new cryptocurrency token in exchange for funds.

- Regulatory uncertainty: The legal status of cryptocurrency is uncertain in many countries, and regulatory changes could affect its value.

- Security risks: Cryptocurrency is susceptible to hacking and theft, which could lead to significant losses for investors.


text: When: Mon., April 28, 6:30-8 p.m. 2014. For entrepreneurs, career builders & sales teams. Accelerate your income, attract & leverage your ideal clients and turn talking about and engaging in money with potential clients from painful to profit! Stop leaving money on the table and start working and living in your true gifts.. Price: $27. Reviews

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Personal Finance

# Section 1: What is Personal Finance?
Personal finance refers to the way individuals manage their money. This includes budgeting, saving, investing, and planning for the future. It is an essential life skill that can help people make informed decisions about their financial well-being.

# Section 2: Why is Personal Finance Important?
Personal finance is important because it allows individuals to live within their means, avoid debt, and achieve their financial goals. By managing money wisely, people can save for emergencies, retirement, and other long-term goals. They can also avoid common money mistakes that can lead to financial ruin.

# Section 3: Basic Personal Finance Concepts
There are several basic personal finance concepts that everyone should understand. These include:

1. Budgeting - Creating a plan for how much money you will spend and where it will come from.
2. Saving - Setting aside a portion of your income for future use.
3. Investing - Putting money into assets such as stocks, bonds, or real estate with the expectation of earning a return.
4. Credit - Borrowing money with the promise to repay it, usually with interest.
5. Taxes - Money paid to the government based on income, spending, or property ownership.

# Section 4: Practical Examples
Let's look at some practical examples of how personal finance concepts can be applied in real life.

Example 1: Budgeting
Suppose you earn $3,000 per month after taxes. You need to pay $900 in rent, $200 in utilities, and $200 in groceries. To create a budget, you would subtract these expenses from your income to find out how much money you have left over for discretionary spending.

Example 2: Saving
If you have $5,000 in your savings account and earn a 5% annual interest rate, you can calculate how much interest you will earn over the course of a year using the formula: Interest = Principal x Rate x Time. In this case, the interest earned would be $250.

Example 3: Investing
Suppose you have $10,000 to invest in stocks. You could choose to invest in a diversified portfolio of stocks, bonds, and real estate to spread your risk and potentially earn higher returns over time.

# Section 5: Glossary
Here are some key terms related to personal finance:

- Budget: A plan for how much money you will spend and where it will come from.
- Savings: Money set aside for future use.
- Investment: Putting money into assets such as stocks, bonds, or real estate with the expectation of earning a return.
- Credit: Borrowing money with the promise to repay it, usually with interest.
- Taxes: Money paid to the government based on income, spending, or property ownership.

# Conclusion
Personal finance is an essential life skill that can help individuals make informed decisions about their financial well-being. By understanding basic concepts such as budgeting, saving, investing, and credit, people can avoid common money mistakes and achieve their financial goals.


text:
Q:

Oddness of sentence containing "since"

The considerable debt of gratitude I have incurred to Mr X since I have known him, has continued to grow during this last period.

Is the use of since in the above sentence grammatically correct? Does the oddness I feel about it have to do with the tense?
Also I would like to know if this sentence sounds somehow cumbersome as a whole, because I just tried to translate it from another language.

A:

I think that your uneasiness at reading that sentence is in an apparent aspectual "clash". It is not really about tense or inflectional forms of the verb.
When you say:

Since X

it is understood that X will refer to a punctual event, an event that happens once at a discrete, identifiable time, e.g.,

since I stopped smoking...
  (ever) since the chandelier broke...
  (ever) since I won the tournament...

It sounds odd if the event in X has non-punctual semantics, referring to an event that takes place over a long stretch of time

?(ever) since I was living as a non-smoker
  ?(ever) since we were living in a lightless house
  ?(ever) since I was living the life of a tournament-winner

The verb know has both punctual and non-punctual senses. The punctual sense is equivalent to meet, and the non-punctual sense is equivalent to be acquainted with.
The oddness of the sentence will vanish if you interpret know punctually, i.e.,

The considerable debt of gratitude I have incurred to Mr X since I met him, has continued to grow during this last period.

If you translated the sentence from a language which has separate preterite and imperfective forms, there would be no such ambiguity in the original sentence, but English does not have such a distinction in verb forms.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Core Value - Grammar

### Section 1: Introduction

Grammar is the set of structural rules that govern the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given language. It is essential to learn and understand grammar to communicate effectively and avoid misinterpretation. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of grammar, its importance, and its application in everyday life.

### Section 2: What is Grammar?

Grammar is the study of how words are used to create sentences and how those sentences can be structured to convey meaning. It involves understanding the rules of syntax, which refers to the arrangement of words in a sentence, and the rules of morphology, which deals with the structure and formation of words.

### Section 3: Why is Grammar Important?

Grammar is essential because it helps us communicate effectively. It ensures that our message is clear, concise, and accurate. Proper grammar also shows respect for the listener or reader, as it demonstrates that we have taken the time to craft our message carefully.

### Section 4: Applying Grammar in Everyday Life

Grammar is relevant in many aspects of our lives, including writing emails, composing texts, giving presentations, and even speaking to others. Here are some examples of how grammar can be applied:

1. Writing emails: Using proper grammar ensures that your message is clear and easy to understand. It also shows professionalism and attention to detail.

2. Composing texts: Grammar is essential when writing messages, especially if they contain sensitive information or need to be taken seriously.

3. Giving presentations: Proper grammar is crucial when delivering a speech or presentation. It ensures that your message is conveyed accurately, and it helps you appear knowledgeable and confident.

4. Speaking to others: Using proper grammar while speaking shows that you are well-educated and articulate. It also helps you avoid misunderstandings and miscommunications.

### Section 5: Conclusion

In conclusion, grammar is an essential tool for effective communication. By understanding and applying the rules of grammar, we can convey our message accurately and professionally. Grammar is not just for scholars; it is a practical skill that can be used in many aspects of our daily lives.


text: Drop In $15 per class Drop In No membership No contract Say you'd like to try out a class without committing to a membership yet or have an unpredictable schedule...this is the option for you... Buy Best Deal! $69 per month Unlimited Dance Classes Special Membership Deals Greatest Value This is the Best Deal! Think about it for less than $2.31 a day, you probably spend more than that on coffee, and that only lasts for a couple hours… Dancing is an unlimited supply of fun, great memories, amazing experiences, new friendships, healthy benefits, and confidence at any formal dance engagements! Buy 4 Pack $45 per month 4 group classes Special Membership Deals No contract This is the great deal for those who have found their niche. It's the option most often chosen by those dedicated to one particular class per week, but open to anyone who wants more than a drop-in class but not up to a full membership yet. Buy $55 / 4 Weeks Beg. Salsa More Info Buy $55 / 4 Weeks Beg. Bachata More Info Buy

textbook:
Lesson: Comparing Membership Options

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will compare different membership options for a dance class. We will look at the benefits and drawbacks of each option and help you decide which one is best for you.

Section 1: Drop-In Classes
Drop-in classes are a great option if you want to try out a class without committing to a membership. You can attend a class without having to sign up for a membership or commit to a contract. This option is perfect for people with an unpredictable schedule or those who are not sure if they will enjoy the class.

Questions:
- What are the benefits of drop-in classes?
- How much do drop-in classes cost?
- Can I attend a class without signing up for a membership?

Section 2: Monthly Membership
A monthly membership is the best option if you want to attend as many classes as you want without worrying about the cost. With a monthly membership, you can attend as many classes as you want for a low monthly fee. This option is perfect for people who want to attend multiple classes per week or who want to take advantage of special member deals.

Questions:
- What are the benefits of a monthly membership?
- How much does a monthly membership cost?
- Can I attend as many classes as I want with a monthly membership?

Section 3: Group Class Packages
Group class packages are a great option if you want to try out multiple classes without committing to a full membership. With a group class package, you can purchase a set number of classes at a discounted rate. This option is perfect for people who want to try out different classes before deciding which one to commit to.

Questions:
- What are the benefits of a group class package?
- How much does a group class package cost?
- Can I try out multiple classes with a group class package?

Conclusion:
In conclusion, there are different membership options available for a dance class. Drop-in classes are perfect for people who want to try out a class without committing to a membership. Monthly memberships are perfect for people who want to attend multiple classes per week. Group class packages are perfect for people who want to try out different classes before committing to a full membership. By comparing the different membership options, you can choose the one that is best for you.

Glossary:
- Drop-in classes: A class that you can attend without signing up for a membership or committing to a contract.
- Monthly membership: A membership that allows you to attend as many classes as you want for a low monthly fee.
- Group class package: A set of classes that you can purchase at a discounted rate.

Self-Debate Discussion:
Which membership option would you choose and why?


text: .. In my animations, I like to experiment with different manual and digital techniques. One of my main interests is the abstract, dark themes, painted with ink and crayons. The other one is the truckers, about whom I am making a little animated short series with digital technique.. I like to make illustrations about my everyday life with mixed materials. I have a drawing diary, which is a little book about my life and adventures.. I started to paint during the first quarantine, when I started a project which I call Plants and People. I care about recycling, so I use my own trash to paint on it, for example pizza boxes. I paint my relationship with my plants and flowers which I have in my apartment.

textbook:
## Lesson: Creating Art with Recycled Materials

### Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about creating art with recycled materials. We will explore the different types of materials that can be used, the benefits of recycling, and the steps involved in creating a piece of art.

### Section 1: Understanding Recycling
Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new products. It is an essential part of reducing waste and preserving natural resources. By recycling, we can reduce the amount of waste that goes into landfills, conserve natural resources, and reduce pollution.

### Section 2: Types of Recycled Materials
There are many types of materials that can be used to create art. Some of these materials include:

1. Paper - Paper is a popular material for creating art. It can be used to create paintings, sculptures, and even collages.

2. Plastic - Plastic is another popular material for creating art. It can be melted down and molded into different shapes or used to create sculptures.

3. Glass - Glass can be broken into pieces and used to create mosaics or other types of art.

4. Metal - Metal can be cut, bent, and shaped into different forms to create sculptures or other types of art.

5. Fabric - Fabric can be used to create textile art, such as quilts or tapestries.

### Section 3: Creating Art with Recycled Materials
Creating art with recycled materials is a fun and creative way to express yourself while also helping the environment. Here are the steps involved in creating a piece of art:

1. Choose your materials - Decide what type of art you want to create and gather the necessary materials.

2. Plan your design - Sketch out your design on paper before you begin. This will help you visualize what you want your final product to look like.

3. Gather your tools - You will need various tools depending on the type of art you are creating. For example, if you are painting on a pizza box, you will need paintbrushes and paint.

4. Begin creating - Start working on your art piece, following your plan and using your tools to create your design.

5. Finishing touches - Once you have completed your art piece, add any final touches that you feel are necessary.

### Section 4: Conclusion
In conclusion, creating art with recycled materials is a fun and creative way to express yourself while also helping the environment. By using recycled materials, we can reduce waste and preserve natural resources. So, go ahead and get creative with your trash!


text: Video: Convert any Units – Step by Step – using the TINspire calculator. How about this: Your handy Ti-Nspire can now – step by step – convert any units such as time, mass, length, area, volume, speed, temperature, impulse, momentum, pressure, work, energy, density, pH-Level, Mass, Moles, degree/radian, DMS, Convert to any base, Polar coordinates etc On top of that you can do prime checking, compute tips, gas… (read more)

textbook:
Lesson: Converting Units with the TI-Nspire Calculator

**Introduction:**
In this lesson, we will learn how to use the TI-Nspire calculator to convert units step by step. We will cover various types of units, including time, mass, length, area, volume, speed, temperature, impulse, momentum, pressure, work, energy, density, pH level, mass, moles, degree/radian, DMS, convert to any base, polar coordinates, and more. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently use the TI-Nspire calculator to convert units in various scenarios.

**Section 1: Understanding Units**

**Topic 1.1: Types of Units**
There are several types of units that we can convert using the TI-Nspire calculator. These include:

- Time: seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years
- Mass: kilograms, grams, pounds, ounces, tons
- Length: meters, centimeters, inches, feet, miles
- Area: square meters, square centimeters, square inches, square feet, acres
- Volume: cubic meters, cubic centimeters, cubic inches, cubic feet, cubic yards
- Speed: meters/second, kilometers/hour, miles/hour, feet/second
- Temperature: Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin
- Impulse: newtons*seconds, joules, foot-pounds
- Momentum: kilograms*meters/second, pounds*feet/second, newtons*seconds
- Pressure: pascals, atmospheres, bar, millibars, inches of mercury, torr
- Work: joules, foot-pounds, newton*meters
- Energy: joules, calories, watt-hours, BTUs
- Density: kilograms/cubic meter, grams/cubic centimeter, pounds/cubic foot
- pH Level: acidic, basic, neutral
- Mass: grams, moles
- Degree/Radian: degrees, radians
- DMS: degrees/minutes/seconds, degrees/minutes, degrees
- Convert to any base: decimal, hexadecimal, binary, octal
- Polar coordinates: rectangular coordinates, radial distance, angle

**Topic 1.2: Converting Units**
To convert units using the TI-Nspire calculator, follow these steps:

1. Enter the value you want to convert into the calculator.
2. Press the button for the type of unit you want to convert to.
3. Press the button for the type of unit you want to convert from.
4. Press the button for the conversion factor.
5. Press the button for the conversion method.
6. Press the button to calculate the result.

For example, to convert 20 kilometers to miles, you would enter 20, press the button for "km" (kilometers), press the button for "mi" (miles), press the button for the conversion factor 0.621371, and press the button for "divide". The result would be 12.4274 miles.

**Section 2: Practical Examples**

**Topic 2.1: Time**
Convert 1 hour and 30 minutes to seconds.
- Press the button for "h" (hours), enter 1, then press the button for "." (decimal point).
- Press the button for "min" (minutes), enter 30, then press the button for "+".
- Press the button for "s" (seconds), and the result will appear on the screen.

**Topic 2.2: Mass**
Convert 50 grams to kilograms.
- Press the button for "g" (grams), enter 50, then press the button for "kg" (kilograms).
- The result will appear on the screen.

**Topic 2.3: Length**
Convert 2 meters and 5 centimeters to inches.
- Press the button for "m" (meters), enter 2, then press the button for "cm" (centimeters), enter 5, then press the button for "in" (inches).
- The result will appear on the screen.

**Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions**

**Topic 3.1: Critical Thinking**
When converting units, it is essential to understand the context of the conversion. For example, if you need to convert kilometers to miles for a trip in the United States, you would use the conversion factor 0.621371. However, if you need to convert kilometers to miles for a trip in Europe, you would use the conversion factor 0.932721. Always double-check the context before converting units to ensure accuracy.

**Conclusion:**
In this lesson, we learned how to use the TI-Nspire calculator to convert units step by step. We covered various types of units and how to convert them using the calculator. We also practiced converting units in practical examples and engaged in self-debating discussions to teach critical thinking. By applying the skills gained from this lesson, we can confidently convert units in various scenarios.


text: Our Best to You Each Week Since 1864. Inclement weather conditions forced the postponement of a two-day United States Modified Series Special scheduled for Friday and Saturday nights here at Missouri’s I-35 Speedway.. The program scheduled to pay $3,000 to the winner which, in turn, makes it the highest- paying event in the five-year history of the three-eighths-mile dirt facility has been restructured as a one-day event on Sunday.. Gates will open at 10 a.m. with races starting. Website: Historical Society

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Weather and Its Impact on Daily Life

**Overview**
In this lesson, we will learn about weather and its impact on daily life. We will explore the different types of weather, how they are measured, and how they can affect our daily activities.

**Objectives**
- Understand the basic concepts of weather
- Identify different types of weather and their characteristics
- Recognize how weather can impact daily activities

**Section 1: Introduction to Weather**
Weather refers to the short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific area. It includes elements such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, and atmospheric pressure. These conditions can vary greatly depending on the location, time of year, and time of day.

**Section 2: Types of Weather**
There are four main types of weather: sunny, cloudy, rainy, and snowy. Sunny weather refers to a clear sky with no clouds in sight. Cloudy weather occurs when there are clouds blocking some or all of the sunlight. Rainy weather happens when there is a significant amount of precipitation falling from the sky. Snowy weather occurs when there is a significant amount of snow falling from the sky.

**Section 3: Measuring Weather**
Weather is measured using a variety of tools and instruments. One common tool is a thermometer, which measures temperature. Another tool is a barometer, which measures atmospheric pressure. Weather forecasts are also used to predict future weather conditions based on current data.

**Section 4: Impact of Weather on Daily Life**
Weather can have a significant impact on daily life. For example, during rainy or snowy weather, outdoor activities may need to be cancelled or rescheduled. During hot weather, people may need to stay hydrated and avoid spending too much time in the sun. Additionally, weather can affect transportation, as roads may become slippery or dangerous to drive on during snowy or icy conditions.

**Section 5: Practice Questions**
1. What is weather?
2. What are the four main types of weather?
3. How is weather measured?
4. How can weather impact daily life?

**Glossary**
- Weather: Short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific area
- Thermometer: An instrument used to measure temperature
- Barometer: An instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure
- Forecast: A prediction of future weather conditions based on current data

**Conclusion**
Understanding weather and its impact on daily life is an important skill to have. By learning about the different types of weather and how they are measured, we can better prepare ourselves for any weather conditions that may arise.


text:
Q:

How can I rename a Rails controller with a route?

I have a controller in a Rails 3 app named "my_store."  I would like to be able to use this controller as is, except replacing "my_store" in all the URL's with another name.  I do not want to rename the controller file, and all the references to it.  Is there a clean way to do this with just a routing statement?

A:

If you use RESTful routes:
resources :another_name, :controller => "my_store"

Otherwise:
match "another_name" => "my_store"

A:

If your routes are RESTful, this is pretty easy.
resources :photos, :controller => "images"

You can see how to do this and other helpful Rails routing information in the Rails routing guide.

textbook:
Lesson: Renaming a Rails Controller with a Route

Introduction:

In this lesson, we will learn how to rename a Rails controller with a route. We will cover the following topics:

1. What is a Rails controller?
2. How do routes work in Rails?
3. How to rename a Rails controller with a route?
4. Practical examples
5. Glossary

What is a Rails controller?

A Rails controller is a class that handles incoming HTTP requests and responds with an appropriate action. It contains actions that are mapped to URLs using routes.

How do routes work in Rails?

Routes in Rails are used to map incoming HTTP requests to actions in controllers. They provide a way to organize and structure your application's URLs.

How to rename a Rails controller with a route?

If your routes are RESTful, you can use the `resources` method to rename a controller. For example:

```
resources :photos, :controller => "images"
```

This will map all the routes for the `PhotosController` to the `ImagesController`.

If your routes are not RESTful, you can use the `match` method to create a route that maps to a specific controller action. For example:

```
match "photos" => "images#show", :via => :get
```

This will map the URL `/photos` to the `ImagesController#show` action.

Practical examples

Let's say you have a Rails app with a controller named `my_store`. You want to rename it to `another_name`. If your routes are RESTful, you can use the `resources` method to rename the controller:

```
resources :photos, :controller => "images"
```

This will map all the routes for the `PhotosController` to the `ImagesController`, which you can rename to `another_name`.

If your routes are not RESTful, you can use the `match` method to create a route that maps to a specific controller action:

```
match "photos" => "images#show", :via => :get
```

This will map the URL `/photos` to the `ImagesController#show` action, which you can rename to `another_name`.

Glossary

- Controller: A class that handles incoming HTTP requests and responds with an appropriate action.
- Route: A mapping between a URL and an action in a controller.
- RESTful routes: Routes that follow the REST architectural style.
- `resources`: A method used to define RESTful routes.
- `match`: A method used to create custom routes.

Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned how to rename a Rails controller with a route. We covered the basics of controllers and routes in Rails, and then went on to explore two methods for renaming a controller: using RESTful routes with the `resources` method, or using the `match` method for non-RESTful routes. By understanding these concepts, we can better structure our applications and make them more organized and easier to maintain.


text: USA v. Robert J. Bentley, Rebekah Caldwell Mason, and Other Co-Conspirators. By Donald V. Watkins. Used with permission. Alabama Governor Robert J. Bentley, 73, and political consultant Rebekah Caldwell Mason, 40, are expected to be charged by the U.S. Department of Justice (.. As we announced exclusively on April 9, 2016, federal prosecutors in Washington have decided to expedite the initiation of public corruption charges against Robert Bentley and Rebekah Mason. This article takes you deep inside the criminal case against the governor and his married lover... Robert Bentley, Rebekah Mason and other co-conspirators are staring down the barrel of a criminal indictment that is expected to exceed ninety felony charges once the case has been presented to a federal grand jury. Bentley will be named as the “ringleader” of the racketeering conspiracy.. The commonly asked questions about the governor’s criminal conduct and Read the rest of this entry »

textbook:
Title: Understanding Public Corruption Charges Against Robert Bentley and Rebekah Mason

### Lesson Overview
In this self-taught lesson, we will learn about public corruption charges and their implications. We will cover the following topics:

1. What is public corruption?
2. How does the legal system handle public corruption cases?
3. Who are the key players in the Robert Bentley and Rebekah Mason case?
4. What are the potential consequences of public corruption charges?
5. How can we apply our knowledge of public corruption to new problems?

### Lesson Content
1. What is public corruption?
Public corruption refers to the misuse of power or authority by a public official for personal gain. It can take many forms, such as bribery, extortion, embezzlement, or conflicts of interest. Public corruption undermines the public trust and weakens democratic institutions.

2. How does the legal system handle public corruption cases?
Public corruption cases are typically handled by the federal government, as they involve violations of federal law. The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) investigates allegations of public corruption and decides whether to bring criminal charges against the accused individuals. If charges are brought, the case is presented to a grand jury, which determines whether there is enough evidence to support the charges. If the grand jury finds probable cause, the accused individuals are indicted and face trial in federal court.

3. Who are the key players in the Robert Bentley and Rebekah Mason case?
The key players in this case are Alabama Governor Robert Bentley, political consultant Rebekah Caldwell Mason, and other co-conspirators. Federal prosecutors allege that Bentley used his position as governor to further his personal and political interests, while Mason provided guidance and support in exchange for gifts and favors.

4. What are the potential consequences of public corruption charges?
If convicted, Bentley and Mason could face significant consequences, including fines, imprisonment, and loss of public office. Additionally, public corruption cases can have far-reaching effects on society, as they erode trust in government institutions and undermine the rule of law.

5. How can we apply our knowledge of public corruption to new problems?
Understanding the nature of public corruption and how it is handled in the legal system can help us identify and address similar issues in our own communities. We can use our knowledge to recognize warning signs of public corruption, such as conflicts of interest or abuse of power, and take action to hold public officials accountable. Additionally, we can work to promote transparency and integrity in government, which can help prevent public corruption from occurring in the first place.

### Glossary
- Public corruption: The misuse of power or authority by a public official for personal gain.
- DOJ: The U.S. Department of Justice.
- Grand jury: A group of citizens who decide whether there is enough evidence to support criminal charges.
- Indictment: A formal accusation by a grand jury that an individual has committed a crime.
- Co-conspirator: Someone who works with another person to commit a crime.

### Conclusion
By understanding the nature of public corruption and how it is handled in the legal system, we can better recognize and address similar issues in our own communities. We can promote transparency and integrity in government, which can help prevent public corruption from occurring in the first place.


text:
Recall the time when your only choice for connecting to the Internet was to boot up your PC or laptop? Well, those times are gone. You have more solutions than ever before to access the Internet, anything from your smartphone to your tablet to your video-game console. And this, as much as anything, is sending PC sales into a downward spiral. Web site Business Insider has declared this the end of the PC era.

Are PCs outdated?

PCs aren’t sitting on store shelves gathering dust. People are still purchasing them. But they’re not purchasing them in the numbers they were in the past. Remember when PCs were the must-have electronics item? That’s far from the situation today. People today prefer mobile devices. That’s where you’ll see the shortages come the holiday shopping season. When people today want to check directions, send and receive e-mail messages and see their favorite TV shows, they’re turning to smartphones and tablets. They’re not depending on the PC. That’s why it’s little surprise that in their story Business Insider, quoting numbers from research firms IDC and Gartner, show that PC sales have remained flat since 2009 while the number of smartphones sold has easily overtaken PC sales.

Tablets are Hot, Not PCs

If this is the end of the era of the PC, what era is it? The numbers increasingly indicate that we’re now in the era of the tablet. Business Insider’s story quotes numbers from Gartner, Strategy Analytics and IDC showing that consumers today are buying more tablets than they are PCs. And consumers aren’t happy to have only one iPad . The numbers as of July of 2012 show that 32.3 percent of U.S. report that their homes have two iPads, while 10.1 percent had three. That’s rather impressive demand for a product that’s still relatively new.

A dreary future for PCs?

PC makers shouldn’t depend on a brighter future. As outlined by Business Insider, citing numbers from Nielsen, about 40 percent of consumers who are older than 13 would like to purchase a tablet in the next six months. That’s far more than the 19 percent who want to buy a computer. If you think that’s bad, consider that young consumers, especially, seem to be weary of the PC. According to Business Insider, more than 75 percent of young consumers are interested in a tablet within the next six months. Just 30 percent of young people are interested in buying a computer.

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textbook:
Lesson: The End of the PC Era

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the decline of personal computers (PCs) and the rise of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. We will examine the reasons behind this shift in technology and discuss the implications for the future of computing.

Section 1: The Decline of PC Sales

Question: Are PCs becoming obsolete?

Answer: While PCs are not entirely obsolete, their popularity has decreased in recent years due to the rise of mobile devices. People now prefer smartphones and tablets for tasks such as checking directions, sending and receiving emails, and watching TV shows. This has led to a decline in PC sales, with smartphones and tablets now outselling PCs.

Section 2: The Rise of Tablets

Question: What is driving the growth of tablets?

Answer: The growth of tablets can be attributed to several factors, including their portability, versatility, and ease of use. Tablets are designed for on-the-go usage and can be used for a variety of tasks, such as browsing the internet, reading e-books, and playing games. Additionally, tablets are generally easier to use than PCs, making them a popular choice for people of all ages.

Section 3: The Future of Computing

Question: Will PCs eventually become extinct?

Answer: While PCs may not completely disappear, their role in society is likely to change. As mobile devices continue to improve and become more powerful, they are likely to replace PCs for many everyday tasks. However, PCs will still be necessary for certain tasks, such as gaming, video editing, and programming, which require more processing power and a larger screen.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the rise of mobile devices has led to a decline in PC sales, signaling the end of the PC era. While PCs will not become entirely obsolete, they will need to adapt to a changing market in order to remain relevant. The future of computing is likely to be dominated by mobile devices, which offer greater convenience and flexibility than traditional PCs.


text:
Genetic and phenotypic parameters for conformation and yield traits in three Swiss dairy cattle breeds.
This study presents genetic parameters for conformation traits and their genetic and phenotypic correlations with milk production traits and somatic cell score (SCS) in three Swiss dairy cattle breeds. Data on first lactations from Holstein (67,839), Brown Swiss (173,372) and Red & White breeds (53,784) were available. Analysed conformation traits were stature and heart girth (both in cm), and linear scores of body depth, rump width, dairy character or muscularity, and body condition score (only in Holstein). A sire model, with relationships among sires, was used for all breeds and traits and variance components were estimated using AS-REML. Heritabilities for stature were high (0.6-0.8), and for the linear type traits ranged from 0.3 to 0.5, for all breeds. Genetic correlations with production traits (milk, fat and protein yield) and SCS differed between the dairy breeds. Most markedly, stronger correlations were found between SCS and some conformation traits in Brown Swiss and Red & White, indicating that a focus on a larger and more 'dairy' type in these breeds would lead to increased SCS. Another marked difference was that rump width correlated positively with milk yield traits in Holstein and Red & White, but negative in Brown Swiss. Results indicate that conformation traits generally can be used as predictors for various purposes in dairy cattle breeding, but may require specific adaptation for each breed.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Genetics and Dairy Cattle Breeding

### Section 1: What is Genetics?
Genetics is the study of how traits are passed down from one generation to another. In dairy cattle breeding, genetics plays a crucial role in improving the quality of the animals. By understanding the genetic makeup of the animals, breeders can make informed decisions about which animals to breed and which traits to focus on improving.

### Section 2: Understanding Genetic Parameters
Genetic parameters refer to the average difference in traits between animals within a population. In the context of dairy cattle breeding, genetic parameters can be used to estimate the potential performance of an animal based on its genetic makeup. For example, if an animal has a high genetic parameter for milk production, it is likely to produce more milk than other animals in its population.

### Section 3: Phenotypic Parameters
Phenotypic parameters refer to the observable traits of an animal, such as its height, body shape, and overall appearance. These traits can be influenced by both genetics and environmental factors. In dairy cattle breeding, phenotypic parameters are important because they can provide insight into the animal's potential performance. For example, an animal with a tall stature may be more likely to produce more milk than an animal with a short stature.

### Section 4: Correlations Between Traits
In the study mentioned above, researchers looked at the genetic and phenotypic correlations between different traits in three Swiss dairy cattle breeds. They found that there were differences in the genetic and phenotypic correlations between the breeds, which suggests that different traits may be more strongly correlated in different breeds.

### Section 5: Conclusion
Understanding genetic and phenotypic parameters, as well as the correlations between different traits, is essential for successful dairy cattle breeding. By using this information, breeders can make informed decisions about which animals to breed and which traits to focus on improving. This can lead to the development of healthier, more productive animals that are better suited for their intended purpose.

Glossary:
- Genetics: The study of how traits are passed down from one generation to another.
- Genetic parameters: The average difference in traits between animals within a population.
- Phenotypic parameters: The observable traits of an animal.
- Genetic and phenotypic correlations: The relationships between different traits in a population.


text: If you think you have read enough about Musk’s outrageous yet successful attempts at changing the world, then these next few facts are sure to blow your minds to sub-atomic debris sized pieces.. As Elon Musk turns 45 today, we hope that he continues pushing his own ideas to limits so that the human race can benefit from his efforts in the long run and that his extraordinary visions and achievements can inspire other entrepreneurs to dream big.. Bonus fun fact: The character of Tony Stark played by Robert Downey Jr. in the Iron Man series is inspired by Elon Musk’s real life..

textbook:
Lesson: Elon Musk - The Visionary Entrepreneur

**Introduction**

Elon Musk is a visionary entrepreneur who has revolutionized multiple industries with his innovative ideas and technologies. In this lesson, we will learn about his remarkable journey, from his early days as a entrepreneur to his current status as one of the most influential people in the world.

**Section 1: Early Life and Career**

Elon Musk was born on June 28, 1971, in Pretoria, South Africa. He showed an interest in computers and programming at an early age and started his first software company called Zip2 when he was just 23 years old. The company was sold for $307 million in 1999, which gave Musk the capital to start his next venture, X.com, which eventually became PayPal.

**Section 2: SpaceX**

After selling PayPal, Musk turned his attention to space exploration and founded SpaceX in 2002. The company's goal was to reduce the cost of space travel and make it possible for humans to become a multi-planetary species. SpaceX has achieved many milestones since its inception, including launching the first privately funded spacecraft to reach orbit, developing the Falcon 9 rocket, and successfully landing and reusing rockets.

**Section 3: Tesla**

In addition to SpaceX, Musk is also the founder and CEO of Tesla, Inc., an electric vehicle and clean energy company. Tesla's mission is to accelerate the world's transition to sustainable energy by producing electric cars, solar panels, and batteries. The company has faced many challenges over the years, but under Musk's leadership, Tesla has become one of the most valuable automakers in the world.

**Section 4: Neuralink**

Musk's latest venture is Neuralink, a neurotechnology company that aims to integrate the human brain with computers. The ultimate goal of Neuralink is to create a seamless connection between the human mind and machines, allowing people to control devices with their thoughts and communicate telepathically.

**Conclusion**

Elon Musk's journey from a young entrepreneur to a visionary leader has been nothing short of remarkable. His contributions to the fields of technology, space exploration, and sustainable energy have had a significant impact on the world. By studying his successes and failures, we can learn valuable lessons about perseverance, innovation, and the power of imagination.

**Glossary**

- Entrepreneur: A person who creates a new business or businesses, taking on financial risk in the hope of profit.
- Venture: An undertaking involving risk, especially an investment in a new business.
- Innovate: To introduce something new or creative; to make changes in anything established, especially by introducing new methods or ideas.
- Multi-planetary: The capability to establish and maintain human colonies on other planets.
- Neurotechnology: The study and development of technology that interfaces with the nervous system.

**Self-Debating Discussion**

1. What do you think is Elon Musk's biggest accomplishment? Why?
2. How has Musk's work impacted your life?
3. Do you think Musk's vision of a multi-planetary civilization is achievable? Why or why not?


text: So it’s true: even Babyface and his wife can’t stay together. After 13 years of marriage, Kenneth Edmonds and his wife Tracey have called it quits. Despite their differences, both Babyface and Tracey will remain friends and business partners (good luck to you!), and take care of their children, or so they claim.. Babyface, who has penned some of the 90s’ most enduring pop-R&B songs for artists including Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey, Mary J. Blige, Toni Braxton, and other divas, and created a thriving solo career for himself starting from his The Deele days, has written a lot of music about how much he loves his wife. He probably does, but not enough to stick with her.. Whatever happened to “for better or for worse,” Kenny?

textbook:
Lesson: Divorce in Celebrity Marriages

Introduction:
Divorce is a common occurrence in celebrity marriages. In this lesson, we will explore the reasons behind these divorces, the impact on their children, and the lessons we can learn from them.

Section 1: Reasons Behind Celebrity Divorces

Topic 1: Infidelity
Celebrities, like anyone else, can fall victim to infidelity. When one partner cheats on the other, it can lead to a breakdown in trust and communication, ultimately leading to divorce.

Topic 2: Differing Interests
Celebrities often have demanding schedules and may find themselves traveling frequently for work. This can lead to a lack of quality time together, which can cause a couple to grow apart.

Topic 3: Lack of Privacy
Being in the public eye can put a strain on a celebrity marriage. Constant media attention and scrutiny can make it difficult for couples to maintain their privacy and intimacy.

Section 2: Impact on Children

Topic 1: Emotional Toll
Children of celebrity parents can be deeply affected by their parents' divorce. They may feel confused, angry, or sad, and may struggle to cope with the changes in their family dynamics.

Topic 2: Custody Battles
In high-profile divorces, custody battles can become contentious and drawn out. This can be emotionally taxing on the children involved and can create further tension between the parents.

Section 3: Lessons Learned

Topic 1: Communication is Key
Effective communication is essential in any relationship. Couples should make an effort to prioritize time together and communicate openly and honestly with one another.

Topic 2: Seek Professional Help
If a couple is struggling, they should seek professional help from a therapist or counselor. This can provide them with the tools and resources they need to work through their issues.

Topic 3: Keep Your Priorities in Check
Celebrities should remember that their families come first. They should make an effort to prioritize their relationships and put their children's needs before their careers.

Conclusion:
While celebrity divorces can be fascinating to follow, they also serve as a reminder that no relationship is immune to hardship. By learning from the mistakes of others, we can better prepare ourselves for maintaining healthy and happy relationships.

Glossary:
- Infidelity: The act of being unfaithful to one's partner
- Scrutiny: Close examination or criticism
- Contentious: Characterized by disagreement or opposition
- Prioritize: To arrange in order of importance


text: AYA preferred model of care. Survivorship Care Plans. Survivorship Care Plans developed out of a need to provide specialized health care to a growing number of cancer survivors. Here we provide an overview of the AYA Program’s care model, the continuing evolution of plans in the US and a recent Dutch study which explored the effectiveness of survivorship care plans.. Communicating Cancer Care: Passports for Care. Passport for Care can help simplify your medical care. Learn more about how we incorporate it into the AYA Clinic.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Survivorship Care Plans

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Survivorship care plans are designed to provide specialized health care to cancer survivors. These plans are developed based on the unique needs of each individual patient. They aim to address the long-term effects of cancer treatment and help patients manage their health care needs effectively.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
One example of a survivorship care plan is the AYA (Adolescent and Young Adult) Program's care model. This model includes a comprehensive assessment of the patient's health status, followed by the development of a personalized care plan that addresses their specific needs. The plan may include recommendations for follow-up care, referrals to specialists, and lifestyle modifications to promote overall health and wellness.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
In a recent Dutch study, researchers evaluated the effectiveness of survivorship care plans for young adult cancer survivors. The study found that survivorship care plans improved patients' quality of life and reduced their need for hospitalizations and emergency department visits.

## Glossary
- Survivorship Care Plans: Personalized health care plans developed for cancer survivors to address their long-term health needs.
- AYA Program: A program designed to provide specialized health care to adolescent and young adult cancer patients.
- Passport for Care: A tool used to simplify medical care and improve communication between patients and healthcare providers.

## Conclusion
Survivorship care plans are an essential component of cancer care for adolescent and young adult cancer survivors. By developing personalized care plans, patients can better manage their health needs and improve their overall quality of life. As with any medical intervention, it is crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of these plans through research and data analysis.


text: As their website is under re construction at the moment, so you can visit them on Facebook.. com/RHAgallery. We'll meet at 2pm at the entrance to the Gallery in Ely Place. If you've not been before, you'll spot us easily as we'll be holding our sketch pads. Don't worry if you're late - just get stuck in with the drawing.. As we are also near to Stephens Green, you may also like to visit the park for a while, if the sun is shining!. We'll meet again at 4pm at the RHA Gallery Coffee Shop. We'll enjoy looking at each other's sketch pads over a drink.. Please put your name on your sketch or sketch book.. Hope to see you there!

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read a Map and Use Directions

Introduction:
A map is a visual representation of an area that shows the physical features, roads, and landmarks. It is essential to read a map correctly to navigate from one place to another. In this lesson, we will learn how to read a map, understand directions, and use them to reach a destination.

Section 1: Reading a Map

Topic 1: Understanding the Map Key
- A map key is a legend that explains the symbols used on the map.
- It helps to identify different features such as roads, rivers, mountains, and landmarks.
- Without a map key, it would be challenging to understand what the symbols mean.

Topic 2: Reading the Map Scale
- The map scale tells you how much of the real world is represented on the map.
- For example, a map with a scale of 1:50,000 means that one unit on the map equals 50,000 units in the real world.
- This helps you determine how far you can travel based on the distance shown on the map.

Topic 3: Using Contour Lines
- Contour lines are lines that connect points of equal elevation on a map.
- They help to show the shape of the land, such as hills and valleys.
- By following the contour lines, you can determine the best route to take when hiking or walking.

Section 2: Understanding Directions

Topic 1: Cardinal Directions
- Cardinal directions are north, south, east, and west.
- They help to determine the direction of travel, such as going north to reach a destination.
- When giving directions, it is essential to use cardinal directions to avoid confusion.

Topic 2: Intermediate Directions
- Intermediate directions are half-steps between cardinal directions, such as northeast, southeast, and so on.
- They help to provide more precise directions when traveling on a specific route.
- For example, if you need to turn left and then right, the intermediate directions can help you remember which order to follow.

Section 3: Using Directions in Real Life

Topic 1: Following a Route
- Once you have read the map and understood the directions, you can follow a route to reach your destination.
- It is essential to pay attention to road signs, traffic signals, and other obstacles that may affect your travel.
- If you get lost, you can always refer to the map and start again from the last known location.

Topic 2: Finding Landmarks
- Landmarks are distinctive features that can help you identify your location on the map.
- They can be buildings, parks, monuments, or any other recognizable feature.
- When traveling, it is helpful to look for landmarks to ensure that you are on the correct route.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, reading a map and understanding directions are essential skills that can help you navigate from one place to another. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can learn how to read a map, interpret its symbols, and use them to find your way around. Remember to always pay attention to your surroundings and use landmarks to ensure that you are on the correct route. With practice, you will become a pro at reading maps and using directions to reach your destination.


text: Ultimate BustFx 4-Pack20687c. Product Details. Bust FX has been specially formulated for women as a product to support healthy breast tissue. This product contains a proprietary formulation of all natural herbs such as saw palmetto, fenugreek, motherwort, black cohosh and red clover. See “Supplement Facts” for complete details. Bust fx may be compared to other breast enhancement formulas on the market which are being sold at a much higher price!. For best results, we suggest using this product as part of a full nutritional program which any of the 90 For Life Product combinations such as the Healthy Start Pak.*. Directions: Take 1 capsule with a meal twice a day. (two capsules daily) Contains: 60 capsules per bottle.. Purchase by the 4 Pack and save.. Printable Supplement Facts for this Product

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Nutrition and Supplementation

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
In this lesson, we will learn about nutrition and supplementation, which are essential for maintaining a healthy body. We will cover the basics of what nutrients are, how they affect our bodies, and why it is important to consume them through food or supplements.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
Let's consider a hypothetical example. Suppose you are a professional athlete who needs to consume more protein to support muscle growth. You could consume a protein shake after your workout, which contains whey protein, an easily digestible source of amino acids that your body uses to repair and grow muscle tissue. Alternatively, you could take a multivitamin supplement that contains vitamins and minerals essential for overall health and wellbeing.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Now let's consider a real-world scenario. Suppose you are a college student who struggles to eat healthily due to time constraints and a limited budget. In this case, taking a multivitamin supplement can help ensure that you are getting the necessary nutrients to support your health and wellbeing. Additionally, consuming a protein shake or snack between meals can help keep your energy levels up throughout the day.

## Glossary
- Nutrients: Chemical compounds in food that our bodies need to function properly
- Supplements: Products taken to maintain or improve health, usually in the form of pills or powders
- Amino acids: The building blocks of proteins
- Vitamins: Organic compounds that are needed in small amounts for normal growth and metabolism
- Minerals: Inorganic elements that are necessary for various bodily functions

## Conclusion
In conclusion, nutrition and supplementation are essential for maintaining a healthy body. By consuming the necessary nutrients through food or supplements, we can support our overall health and wellbeing. Whether you are a professional athlete or a busy college student, there is a supplement or nutritional plan that can work for you. Remember to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen.


text: TESTING, TESTING, 1, 2, 3: The Department of Education has opened grant applications to state education agencies and consortia wishing to rework their annual assessments, THE Journal reports. The new Enhanced Assessment Instruments program offers $9 million in grants for states to review their annual tests in hopes of reducing unnecessary testing and more effectively report scores.. The goals of the program, according to the Department's website, are to improve assessments' "quality, validity and reliability," measure student achievement from multiple sources, track student progress over time and develop new research methods and tools, particularly technology-based ones, for evaluating students. The Department also hopes that the program will give agencies and consortia the funding to collaborate with research institutions and higher education. Applications are now open and close September 22. Winners will be announced in January.

textbook:
Lesson: Testing, Testing, 1, 2, 3

Introduction:
Testing is an important part of the education system. It helps teachers and parents understand how well students are learning and what they need to work on. However, some people argue that there is too much testing in schools today. This lesson will explore the purpose of testing, why it is important, and how it can be used to improve student learning.

Section 1: What is Testing?
Testing is a way to measure what students know and can do. It can be done in many different ways, such as through written exams, oral presentations, and hands-on projects. Tests can be used to evaluate students' understanding of a subject, their ability to apply that knowledge to real-world situations, and their critical thinking skills.

Section 2: Why is Testing Important?
Testing is important because it provides valuable information about students' learning. It helps teachers understand what students know and can do, and what they need to work on. Testing also helps parents understand how their child is doing in school and what they need to do to support their learning. Finally, testing is important for the education system as a whole, as it helps policymakers understand how well schools are doing and what needs to be improved.

Section 3: Types of Tests
There are many different types of tests, including:

- Formative tests: These tests are given during the learning process to help students identify areas where they need to improve.
- Summative tests: These tests are given at the end of a learning period to measure what students have learned.
- Diagnostic tests: These tests are given to identify specific areas where a student may be struggling.
- Proficiency tests: These tests are given to determine whether a student has met a certain standard or level of achievement.

Section 4: How to Use Test Results
Test results can be used in many different ways to improve student learning. For example:

- Teachers can use test results to identify areas where students are struggling and then provide targeted instruction to help them improve.
- Parents can use test results to understand what their child is doing well and what they need to work on.
- Policymakers can use test results to understand how well schools are doing and what needs to be improved.

Section 5: Conclusion
Testing is an important part of the education system. It provides valuable information about students' learning and can be used to improve student outcomes. By understanding the purpose of testing and how it can be used, we can ensure that our education system is effective and equitable for all students.


text: Martin Scorsese’s next film will be “Silence,” an adaptation of Shusaku Endo’s 1966 novel about Jesuits in 17th century Japan, Deadline reported late last week.. The film, long considered Scorsese’s dream project, will begin production in the summer of 2014, most likely in Taiwan, although the director has been planning to make the film since at least the early 1990s. Scorsese is expected to officially announce his plans for the picture at the Cannes Film Festival next month.. Scorsese is currently filming “The Wolf of Wall Street,” which is scheduled to come out this December.. Pingback: Andrew Garfield Lands Leading Role in Scorsese's 'Silence' | EntertainmentTell()

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand News Articles

### Section 1: Introduction to News Articles

A news article is a written or recorded report that provides information about current events or issues. These articles are usually published by newspapers, magazines, television stations, or online news websites. They are designed to inform readers about important events happening in the world around them. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand news articles.

### Section 2: Understanding the Structure of a News Article

All news articles have a similar structure. They usually begin with a headline, which is a short sentence that summarizes the main idea of the article. The headline is followed by the lead, which is the first paragraph of the article. The lead introduces the story and provides the most important information. After the lead comes the body of the article, which provides more details about the story. Finally, there is the conclusion, which summarizes the main points of the article.

### Section 3: Reading and Understanding News Articles

To read and understand news articles, you need to follow these steps:

1. Read the headline carefully. The headline should give you an idea of what the article is about.
2. Read the lead. The lead should provide the most important information about the story.
3. Read the body of the article. The body of the article will provide more details about the story.
4. Look for quotes from people involved in the story. Quotes can provide insights into what happened and why.
5. Pay attention to the date and location of the story. This information can help you understand the context of the story.
6. Look for any charts, graphs, or other visual aids that accompany the article. These can help you understand complex information.
7. Read the conclusion. The conclusion should summarize the main points of the article.
8. Think critically about the story. Ask yourself questions like: Who is the target audience? What is the author's point of view? Are there any facts that are missing or unclear?

### Section 4: Practice Questions

1. Read the following headline and lead paragraph from a news article. Then answer the questions that follow.

Headline: "New Study Finds Exercise Reduces Risk of Heart Disease"
Lead: "A new study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that regular exercise can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease in adults."

a) What is the main idea of the article?
b) What did the study find?
c) Who conducted the study?
d) What publication did the study appear in?

2. Read the following body paragraph from a news article. Then answer the questions that follow.

Body Paragraph: "In addition to reducing the risk of heart disease, regular exercise has been shown to improve mental health, increase lifespan, and reduce the risk of obesity and diabetes. Experts recommend that adults engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity each week."

a) What are some additional benefits of regular exercise?
b) What type of exercise is recommended for adults?
c) How much exercise should adults do each week?

### Glossary:
- Headline: The title of the article, usually located at the top of the page.
- Lead: The first paragraph of the article, which provides the most important information.
- Body: The main part of the article, which provides more details about the story.
- Conclusion: The final paragraph of the article, which summarizes the main points.
- Quote: A statement made by someone involved in the story, often used to provide insight or perspective.
- Charts, Graphs, and Visual Aids: Images that accompany the article and help to explain complex information.
- Target Audience: The intended audience for the article, which may influence the tone and language used.
- Point of View: The author's opinion on the topic being discussed.

### Conclusion:
By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can read and understand news articles with ease. Remember to ask critical thinking questions, look for quotes and visual aids, and pay attention to the structure of the article. With practice, you will become a skilled reader of news articles and be able to apply your newfound skills to a variety of scenarios.


text: About this Course. You will learn how to configure and manage Workload Partitions (WPAR) in the AIX environment. Hands-on exercises will reinforce the lecture and give students practice creating and managing both application and system WPARs using the command line interface. You will explore various configuration options such as implementing private and shared file systems, exporting devices, setting resource controls, and configuring network options. You.. This course provides lectures and hands on labs in a face-to-face classroom setting. The course is also offered in a live virtual classroom environment (ILO - Instructor Led Online) with hands-on labs: AIX Workload Partitions Installation and Management (ILO) (AX170).

textbook:
Title: Introduction to Workload Partitions in AIX

## Section 1: What are Workload Partitions?
Workload Partitions (WPARs) are a feature in the AIX operating system that allows multiple workloads to run independently on a single system. Each WPAR has its own memory, CPU, and storage resources, which helps to isolate applications from each other and improve system performance.

## Section 2: Why use Workload Partitions?
Using Workload Partitions can provide several benefits, including improved system performance, increased security, and easier system management. By isolating applications from each other, WPARs can help to prevent conflicts and reduce the need for complex system configurations. Additionally, WPARs can help to protect sensitive data by isolating it from other applications.

## Section 3: How do I create a Workload Partition?
Creating a Workload Partition involves several steps. First, you must identify the resources that the WPAR will require, such as memory and CPU. Next, you must create a new partition table and assign a partition ID to the WPAR. Finally, you must initialize the WPAR and mount any necessary file systems.

## Section 4: Managing Workload Partitions
Once a Workload Partition has been created, it must be managed to ensure that it is functioning properly. This includes tasks such as monitoring system resources, updating software, and troubleshooting any issues that arise.

## Section 5: Conclusion
Understanding Workload Partitions in AIX is an important skill for anyone working with this operating system. By creating and managing WPARs, you can improve system performance, increase security, and simplify system management. With these skills, you can apply them to new problems and continue to improve your AIX environment.


text: Billy Connolly is going back on the road – and Brummies can be the first to see the comedian.. His UK tour kicks off at the Barclaycard Arena on November 2 and pre-sale tickets go on sale today at noon.. You can get exclusive access via Ticketmaster – click here to buy yours.. General tickets for the High Horse tour, his first for four years, are released on Friday at 9am.. Earlier this year, The Big Yin revealed how continuing to tour helps alleviate the symptoms of his Parkinson’s disease and takes his mind off his illness.. The 73-year-old Glaswegian said: “It’s a miracle. I think science should study it. I’ve gone on stage sick and come off better.”. He has been voted best comedian of all time by Channel 4. He’s also had success as a TV travel guide, presenting the series Billy Connolly’s World Tour of Scotland, Journey to the Edge of the World and Route 66.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Comedy

### Section 1: What is Comedy?
Comedy is an art form that aims to entertain and amuse people through humor. It can take many forms, including stand-up routines, sketches, and improvisation.

### Section 2: Why is Comedy Important?
Comedy is important because it can help us relax and forget our troubles for a while. It can also teach us about ourselves and the world around us in a lighthearted way.

### Section 3: How does Comedy Work?
Comedy works by playing with our expectations and challenging our assumptions. It uses irony, sarcasm, and other techniques to make us laugh and think at the same time.

### Section 4: Who are some famous comedians?
Some famous comedians include Billy Connolly, Dave Chappelle, Ellen DeGeneres, and George Carlin.

### Section 5: What are some common types of comedy?
Some common types of comedy include observational humor, physical comedy, satire, and political humor.

### Glossary:
- Comedy: An art form that aims to entertain and amuse people through humor.
- Humor: The quality of being amusing or comic, often causing laughter.
- Satire: A type of comedy that uses irony, sarcasm, or ridicule to expose and criticize the weaknesses or vices of society.
- Observational humor: A type of comedy that relies on the comedian's observations of everyday life and experiences.
- Physical comedy: A type of comedy that involves slapstick, acrobatics, or other physical actions to create humor.
- Political humor: A type of comedy that uses humor to comment on political events, figures, or issues.


text: Unity Technologies has launched an online roadmap, charting the future of its widely-used engine.. This is the first time the firm has made its internal roadmap available to the public and shows its plans for the next six to nine months.. The roadmap is now live at, and currently shows what is planned for Unity 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4. It also lists planned release dates for each update.. The company also promised to frequently update its confidence levels for all planned features and fixes, giving devs a good idea whether or not something is likely to make the next point release.. The announcement was made by the firm’s Lucas Meijer during the Unite Europe opening keynote in Amsterdam.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

## Section 1: What is SDLC?
SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle. It is a process that involves the creation of software applications, from the initial idea to the final product release. SDLC includes several stages, such as planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

## Section 2: Why is SDLC important?
SDLC is important because it helps developers create high-quality software applications that meet the needs of users. It ensures that the software is developed on time, within budget, and meets the required specifications. SDLC also helps developers identify and fix issues early in the development process, reducing the cost of fixing them later.

## Section 3: Stages of SDLC
1. Planning: In this stage, developers identify the requirements for the software application, create a project plan, and estimate the resources needed.
2. Analysis: In this stage, developers gather information about the software requirements, such as user needs, technical specifications, and system constraints.
3. Design: In this stage, developers create a blueprint of the software application, including its architecture, data structures, and user interfaces.
4. Implementation: In this stage, developers write code, create software modules, and integrate them into the application.
5. Testing: In this stage, developers test the software application to ensure that it meets the specified requirements and works correctly.
6. Deployment: In this stage, the software application is deployed to the production environment, and users can start using it.
7. Maintenance: In this stage, developers fix bugs, improve the software application, and provide updates to users.

## Section 4: Practical Examples
Let's consider a software application for managing employee records. In the planning stage, developers would identify the requirements for the application, such as creating employee profiles, tracking attendance, and generating reports. In the analysis stage, they would gather information about the user needs, such as the number of employees and the types of reports required. In the design stage, they would create a blueprint of the application, including its architecture and user interface. In the implementation stage, they would write code to create modules for creating employee profiles, tracking attendance, and generating reports. In the testing stage, they would test the application to ensure that it works correctly and meets the specified requirements. Finally, in the deployment stage, the application would be deployed to the production environment, and users could start using it to manage their employee records.

## Section 5: Glossary
- SDLC: Software Development Life Cycle
- Planning: Identifying the requirements for the software application
- Analysis: Gathering information about user needs and system constraints
- Design: Creating a blueprint of the software application
- Implementation: Writing code and creating software modules
- Testing: Ensuring that the software application works correctly and meets specified requirements
- Deployment: Deploying the software application to the production environment
- Maintenance: Fixing bugs and providing updates to users

## Conclusion
SDLC is a crucial process in software development that helps developers create high-quality software applications. By following the stages of SDLC, developers can identify and fix issues early in the development process, reducing the cost of fixing them later. Understanding the stages of SDLC and their practical examples can help students develop software applications more effectively.


text:
Marshall Lamb, research leader, USDA’s National Peanut Laboratory, Albany, Ga., says some areas of the Peanut Belt remain dry, “but we hope they get rain soon. Optimism is in the air and we hope to deliver a good supply of high quality peanuts and maybe recapture some lost markets,” Lamb said in an interview at the recent Southern Peanut Growers Conference.

Tyron Spearman, editor of the Peanut Farm Market News — an industry online newsletter — and executive director of the Peanut Buying Points Association, says the USDA crop estimate of 2.5 million tons “could go higher with a couple more rains. We have a bigger crop than usual.”

Spearman said expected lack of contract activity this fall may mean farmers should store peanuts after harvest. “We expect to have about a three- to four-month over-supply. That will take us about four months into next year. The market will drop,” he said. “We hope it doesn’t hit the bottom, $355 per ton.”

Lamb said growers should expect no movement on peanut prices during this growing season as buyers wait “to see where this crop goes. Growers should not hesitate to use the loan as a marketing option,” he advised.

The drought that covers much of the country, including a big portion of the Midwest, may “bring the market to us,” Spearman said. The drought will push up corn and soybean prices and that “will buffer up peanut prices.”

He said peanut buyers will need acreage to meet demand next spring.

The case for a bumper crop is a strong one, he said. “We have isolated pockets of drought, but prospects from the Virginia/Carolina area into south Georgia are good, even with some isolated dry pockets in Georgia. Also, the Southwest is getting some rain, and with a couple more rains Southwest growers could make a good or at least a fair crop.”

The drought spreading over much of the country could affect peanut markets in a few months as buyers next spring compete with grain for available acreage, Spearman said. That could create a situation for good spring contract offerings.

He says Southeast peanut farmers may be off to the best start in the last several years, and producers in other parts of the country appear to be in better shape as well as they look toward the last half of the 2012 growing season. That good start accounts for a positive industry outlook, he says.

He was also high on the 2012 conference, which set an attendance record with more than 630 registrants.

“A strong program,” he said, played a role in attracting growers and industry representatives to the annual conference. “We were not looking for solutions to problems for the next six or seven months,” Griggs said. “We wanted to offer a long-term outlook, something to help growers in planning.”

He said growers report good crop prospects, despite some areas with production problems. “If it’s dry on a grower’s farm, it’s dry all over the world as far as he’s concerned,” Griggs said. “But the Southeast crop got off to a better start this year. We had a little more moisture, but the last few years started off poorly.”

That good start, he said, “is the reason for optimism.”

Griggs says even the Southwest has a bit more rain than they received last year. “But Southwest growers have issues with water and are concerned. They are likely to continue to be for quite some time.”

The peanut industry displays a “feeling of guarded optimism compared to the last two years,” Lamb says.

He said 2010 and 2011 were hard years for peanuts, “more about devastating drought and heat. And the 2011 drought stretched all across the Peanut Belt.

“This year we have increased acreage and have a good start across all growing regions.”

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand Agricultural Reports

Introduction:
Agricultural reports are essential for farmers, traders, and policymakers to make informed decisions about crop production, marketing, and trade. However, these reports can be complex and filled with technical jargon that might be challenging for primary through high school students to understand. In this self-taught lesson, we will teach you how to read and understand agricultural reports by breaking down the process into three sections: theoretical concepts, practical examples, and self-debating discussions.

Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
- Agricultural reports contain data and analysis on various aspects of agriculture, including crop production, prices, trade, and weather conditions.
- These reports are usually produced by government agencies, such as the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture), or private organizations, such as the Peanut Buying Points Association.
- Agricultural reports are essential for farmers to plan their crops, determine the best time to plant and harvest, and decide when to sell their produce.
- Traders use these reports to predict market trends and make decisions on buying or selling commodities.
- Policymakers rely on agricultural reports to develop policies that support the agricultural sector and ensure food security.

Section 2: Practical Examples
- Let's take the example of a peanut crop report produced by the USDA.
- The report contains data on the expected yield, price, and demand for peanuts in the upcoming season.
- It also provides information on the weather conditions, which can affect crop production.
- By analyzing this report, a farmer can decide whether to plant peanuts or switch to another crop that might have a better chance of success.
- A trader can use this information to predict the future price of peanuts and decide whether to buy or sell.
- Policymakers can use the data in the report to develop policies that support the peanut industry and ensure food security.

Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions
- Why are agricultural reports important?
    - They provide valuable information on crop production, prices, and weather conditions.
    - They help farmers, traders, and policymakers make informed decisions.
- What are the challenges of reading and understanding agricultural reports?
    - They can be complex and filled with technical jargon.
    - They might not be accessible to everyone.
- How can we overcome these challenges?
    - Break down the reports into manageable sections.
    - Use simple language to explain complex concepts.
    - Provide examples and case studies to illustrate the relevance of the information.

Conclusion:
By following the steps outlined in this self-taught lesson, you can learn how to read and understand agricultural reports. This skill is essential for anyone interested in agriculture, whether you are a farmer, trader, or policymaker. By applying the concepts learned in this lesson, you can make informed decisions that will help you succeed in your chosen field.


text: Raptor PR. Raptor PR is a virtual PR agency for global tech, media and video games brands.. Raptor PR engineers and executes data-driven campaigns that influence audiences across traditional, digital and social media channels, to propel brand engagement.. Raptor PR is built on the value of human relationships, network, experience and results. They offer an efficient and collaborative workflow, refined over two decades, enabling 100% transparency and seamless integration into marketing teams.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Public Relations in Business

Introduction:
Public relations (PR) is the practice of managing the image and reputation of a company or individual. It involves creating and maintaining positive relationships with the public, media, and other stakeholders. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of PR in business and how it can help companies succeed.

Section 1: Understanding Public Relations

Topic 1: What is PR?
- PR is the practice of managing the image and reputation of a company or individual.
- It involves creating and maintaining positive relationships with the public, media, and other stakeholders.
- PR professionals use various tactics such as press releases, media relations, events, and social media to achieve these goals.

Topic 2: Why is PR important?
- PR is important because it helps companies build trust and credibility with their target audience.
- A positive reputation can lead to increased sales, higher stock prices, and better employee morale.
- PR also helps companies respond to crises and negative publicity, minimizing damage and maintaining their reputation.

Section 2: The Benefits of PR

Topic 1: Building Trust and Credibility
- PR helps companies establish themselves as experts in their field, which builds trust and credibility with customers.
- This can lead to increased sales and customer loyalty.
- For example, a tech company may release a press release about a new product or feature, which demonstrates their expertise in the industry.

Topic 2: Crisis Management
- PR professionals are trained to handle crisis situations, such as negative publicity or a social media scandal.
- They can help companies respond quickly and effectively, minimizing damage and maintaining their reputation.
- For example, when a company recalls a product due to safety concerns, they may issue a statement apologizing and explaining the steps they are taking to address the issue.

Section 3: Practical Examples

Topic 1: Raptor PR
- Raptor PR is a virtual PR agency that specializes in working with tech, media, and video game brands.
- They use data-driven campaigns to influence audiences across traditional, digital, and social media channels.
- Their focus on human relationships, network, experience, and results has helped them build a strong reputation in their industry.

Topic 2: Coca-Cola
- Coca-Cola is a well-known brand that has used PR to build its reputation over many years.
- They have a strong social media presence and regularly release press releases about their products and initiatives.
- When there was concern about the safety of their products, they issued a statement reassuring customers that their products were safe and had undergone rigorous testing.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, PR is an essential tool for businesses looking to succeed in today's competitive market. By building trust and credibility, managing crises, and creating positive relationships with stakeholders, companies can establish themselves as leaders in their industry. Whether you are starting a small business or working for a large corporation, understanding the importance of PR and how to implement effective strategies is crucial for success.

Glossary:
- PR: Public Relations
- Stakeholders: People or groups who have an interest in a company or individual.


text: The.. [related]. Burma has denied almost all allegations of human rights abuses in northern Arakan and says a lawful counterinsurgency campaign is under way.. Yanghee Lee, UN special rapporteur on human rights in Burma, UN chief Kofi Annan said earlier on Thursday that Burma should immediately start allowing Rohingya to return home and ultimately close rundown camps for the displaced.

textbook:
Lesson: Human Rights Abuses in Burma

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about human rights abuses in Burma (also known as Myanmar). We will discuss what human rights are, why they are important, and how they are violated in Burma. We will also learn about the United Nations' role in addressing these abuses.

Section 1: What are Human Rights?
Human rights are basic rights and freedoms that every person is entitled to simply because they are human beings. These rights include the right to life, liberty, and security; the right to freedom of opinion and expression; the right to equality before the law; and many others.

Why are human rights important?
Human rights are important because they protect us from being treated unfairly or cruelly by those in power. They ensure that every person is treated with dignity and respect, no matter who they are or where they come from. Without human rights, people could be oppressed, exploited, and denied their basic needs.

Section 2: Human Rights Abuses in Burma
Despite being a member of the United Nations, Burma has been accused of committing serious human rights abuses against its own citizens, particularly the Rohingya minority group. The Rohingya are a Muslim minority who have lived in Burma for generations, but they are not recognized as citizens by the government. As a result, they are denied basic rights and services, such as healthcare and education.

The government of Burma has also been accused of carrying out a campaign of violence and persecution against the Rohingya, including mass killings, rapes, and forced displacement. The United Nations has called for the immediate release of all political prisoners in Burma and the closure of the detention centers where they are held.

Section 3: The Role of the United Nations
The United Nations has played an important role in addressing human rights abuses in Burma. In 2017, the UN established a fact-finding mission to investigate human rights abuses in the country. The mission found evidence of crimes against humanity, including murder, rape, and torture, and called for those responsible to be held accountable.

The UN has also called for the immediate release of all political prisoners in Burma and the closure of the detention centers where they are held. It has also urged the government to allow humanitarian aid to reach those in need and to ensure that all citizens, regardless of their ethnicity or religion, are granted equal rights and protections.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, human rights abuses in Burma are a serious concern that must be addressed by the international community. The UN has an important role to play in ensuring that these abuses are investigated and those responsible are held accountable. By learning about human rights and the importance of protecting them, we can work towards a world where everyone is treated with dignity and respect.

Glossary:
- Human rights: Basic rights and freedoms that every person is entitled to simply because they are human beings.
- Rohingya: A Muslim minority group living in Burma who are not recognized as citizens by the government.
- United Nations: An international organization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, and cooperation among countries.

Self-Debate Discussion:
Do you think that governments should be held accountable for human rights abuses committed against their own citizens? Why or why not?