text: Amazon founder Jeff Bezos referred to as on Twitter to analyze a message by Joe Biden after the president tweeted that wealthier companies ought to “pay their fair proportion” of taxes.. Bezos desires Twitter’s “Disinformation Board” to probe Biden’s message as a result of he claimed the president inaccurately linked greater company taxes to reducing inflation. He allowed that elevating company taxes is “advantageous to debate.” However linking the taxes to reducing inflation is a “non sequitur,” he insisted.. Increased company taxes can actually decrease inflation, in accordance with economists, by tamping down an overheated economic system which causes inflation.. More cash within the Treasury from companies might additionally assist present assist to individuals struggling in a cooling economic system, by increasing or growing the quantity of unemployment advantages, for instance.. Twitter customers weren’t within the temper to chop Bezos any slack.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Economic Concepts

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about economic concepts such as inflation, taxes, and their impact on the economy. We will also discuss how these concepts are related to each other and how they affect our daily lives.

Section 1: Inflation
Inflation is the increase in the price of goods and services over time. It means that the value of money goes down, so it takes more money to buy the same things. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including increases in production costs, changes in consumer demand, and government policies.

Question: What is inflation?
Answer: Inflation is the increase in the price of goods and services over time.

Definition: Inflation is measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI), which tracks the average change in prices of goods and services purchased by urban consumers.

Example: If a loaf of bread cost $2 last year and it costs $2.50 this year, that is an example of inflation because the price has gone up.

Section 2: Taxes
Taxes are a way for governments to raise revenue to pay for public goods and services. They are usually levied as a percentage of income, property, or sales. Taxes can be used to fund programs such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure.

Question: What are taxes?
Answer: Taxes are a way for governments to raise revenue to pay for public goods and services.

Definition: Taxes are usually levied as a percentage of income, property, or sales.

Example: If you earn $10,000 this year and owe $1,000 in taxes, that means you will have to give 10% of your income to the government.

Section 3: Relationship between Inflation and Taxes
Inflation and taxes are related because when there is inflation, the government may decide to increase taxes to help control the price increases. This is because when prices go up, people have less purchasing power, so the government may need to raise more money to provide the same level of services.

Question: How are inflation and taxes related?
Answer: Inflation and taxes are related because when there is inflation, the government may decide to increase taxes to help control the price increases.

Example: If inflation is high, the government may decide to increase taxes on goods and services to help control the price increases.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about economic concepts such as inflation, taxes, and their relationship. We also learned how these concepts are related to each other and how they affect our daily lives. By understanding these concepts, we can make informed decisions about our finances and the economy as a whole.


text: Steaz reveals new branding for energy line. Organic beverage firm Steaz has introduced new look for its top selling energy drinks.. Steaz.. Steaz CEO Linda Barron said: "We are pleased to bring Steaz Energy to market with a fresh, reinvigorated new look..  seeking such products know exactly the world's first Fair Trade Certified:. Plant sourced caffeine: green tea, yerba mate and guarana berries. Clean energy. Gluten free. Vegan. Antioxidant-rich. B-Vitamins. Flavors: Orange, Berry and Super Fruit are USDA Certified Organic; Zero Calorie Berry is not. Steaz accurately and voluntarily discloses its caffeine content on all Energy drink labels and ensures these levels are healthy and effective.. Steaz promotes natural and organic sources of caffeine and nutrition and ask consumers to educate themselves about what they are drinking.. Source: Company Press Release

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Organic Energy Drinks

**Introduction**

In this lesson, we will learn about organic energy drinks and their benefits. We will explore the key features of Steaz, an organic energy drink brand, and understand why it is popular among consumers.

**Section 1: What are Organic Energy Drinks?**

Organic energy drinks are beverages that are made from natural and organic sources of caffeine and nutrition. They are free from artificial preservatives, flavors, and colors. These drinks are designed to provide a boost of energy without any side effects.

**Section 2: Why Choose Steaz?**

Steaz is a leading brand of organic energy drinks that are certified by the USDA as organic. The company uses only natural and organic sources of caffeine, such as green tea, yerba mate, and guarana berries. Steaz is also free from gluten and vegan. The brand offers three flavors: Orange, Berry, and Super Fruit. The Super Fruit flavor is not certified organic, but it still contains natural and organic sources of caffeine.

**Section 3: Key Features of Steaz**

Steaz has several key features that make it stand out from other energy drinks. These include:

- Fair Trade Certification: Steaz is the world's first Fair Trade Certified energy drink. This means that the company pays a premium to farmers who grow the ingredients used in the drink.
- Plant-based caffeine: Steaz uses only plant-based sources of caffeine, such as green tea, yerba mate, and guarana berries.
- Gluten-free: Steaz is free from gluten, making it suitable for people with gluten intolerance or celiac disease.
- Vegan: Steaz is suitable for vegetarians and vegans, as it does not contain any animal products.
- Antioxidant-rich: Steaz contains antioxidants that help protect the body from free radicals, which can cause cell damage.
- B-Vitamins: Steaz contains B-vitamins that help the body convert food into energy.

**Section 4: Benefits of Steaz**

There are several benefits of choosing Steaz over other energy drinks. These include:

- Healthy caffeine levels: Steaz accurately and voluntarily discloses its caffeine content on all Energy drink labels. The levels are healthy and effective.
- Natural and organic sources of caffeine and nutrition: Steaz promotes natural and organic sources of caffeine and nutrition and asks consumers to educate themselves about what they are drinking.
- Fair trade practices: By being the world's first Fair Trade Certified energy drink, Steaz supports farmers who grow the ingredients used in the drink.
- Environmentally friendly: Steaz uses only plant-based sources of caffeine, which are more environmentally friendly than synthetic sources.

**Section 5: Conclusion**

In conclusion, Steaz is an excellent choice for people looking for an organic energy drink that is healthy, effective, and environmentally friendly. By using natural and organic sources of caffeine and nutrition, Steaz provides a boost of energy without any side effects. By being Fair Trade Certified, Steaz supports farmers who grow the ingredients used in the drink. By being gluten-free and vegan, Steaz is suitable for people with dietary restrictions. By containing B-vitamins and antioxidants, Steaz helps the body function at its best. By accurately disclosing caffeine levels, Steaz ensures that consumers know exactly what they are drinking. Overall, Steaz is a great choice for anyone looking for a clean and effective energy boost.


text: 631825. 9780385497916, and Russian, and has translated numerous works. Geshe Michael received his undergraduate degree from Princeton University and worked in New York City as a director of a large diamond firm for many years. He founded and directs the Asian Classics Institute, as well as the Asian Classics Input Project, and has been active in the restoration of Sera Mey Monastery. He lives in New York City. From the Hardcover edition.Roach, Geshe Michael is the author of 'Diamond Cutter The Buddha on Managing Your Business and Your Life' with ISBN 9780385497916 and ISBN 038549.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand Book Descriptions

Introduction:
Book descriptions are an essential part of any book. They provide readers with information about the book's contents, genre, and tone. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand book descriptions.

Section 1: Understanding the Basics

- What is a book description?
A book description is a summary of the book's contents, usually written by the publisher or author. It provides potential readers with information about the storyline, characters, setting, and tone of the book.

- Why is understanding book descriptions important?
Understanding book descriptions is important because they help you decide whether a book is worth reading or not. A well-written description can pique your interest and make you want to read the book. On the other hand, a poorly written description can turn you off and discourage you from reading the book.

Section 2: Reading and Analyzing Book Descriptions

- Look for the basics
When reading a book description, start by looking for the basics such as the title, author, publisher, publication date, and genre. These details will help you understand the context of the book and its intended audience.

- Analyze the language and tone
Pay attention to the language and tone used in the description. Does it use formal or informal language? Is it written in first or third person? The language and tone will give you insight into the book's style and writing quality.

- Identify the plot and characters
Look for clues about the plot and characters in the description. Does it mention any specific events or conflicts? Are there any character descriptions or relationships mentioned? This information will help you understand the book's storyline and themes.

- Consider the setting
If the description mentions a specific time or place, take note of it. The setting can play a significant role in the book's storyline and themes.

Section 3: Practice

Exercise 1: Read the following book descriptions and answer the questions below.

Description 1:
Title: The Great Gatsby
Author: F. Scott Fitzgerald
Genre: Classic
Publication Date: 1925

1. Who is the author of The Great Gatsby?
2. When was The Great Gatsby published?
3. What genre does The Great Gatsby belong to?

Description 2:
Title: The Hunger Games
Author: Suzanne Collins
Genre: Dystopian Fiction
Publication Date: 2008

1. Who is the author of The Hunger Games?
2. When was The Hunger Games published?
3. What genre does The Hunger Games belong to?

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to read and understand book descriptions by looking for basic information, analyzing language and tone, identifying plot and characters, and considering the setting. By practicing with the exercises, we can improve our ability to read and analyze book descriptions effectively.


text:
Search form

Measuring Subsidies Using The Price-Gap Approach

The price-gap approach is one of the most commonly employed methods for estimating fossil-fuel subsidies: an examination of differences between the price for a good or service in the economy against what that price would be without government intervention. This report explains how the price-gap method works, reviews its benefits and limitations, and explores potential systematic bias in estimates, drawing conclusions and implications for their interpretation. It concludes that price gap data should be collected annually for all major fossil-fuel energy producing and consuming nations. Gaps in the estimation method could then be filled in every five years through the more complex but more complete 'transfer' method of estimating subsidies.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Measuring Subsidies Using The Price-Gap Approach

Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn about the price-gap approach for measuring subsidies. We will explore how this method works, its benefits and limitations, and potential systematic biases in estimates. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the importance of collecting price-gap data annually for all major fossil-fuel energy producing and consuming nations, and how this can help us fill gaps in the estimation method every five years through the more complex but more complete 'transfer' method of estimating subsidies.

Section 1: Understanding the Price-Gap Approach

The price-gap approach is a common method used to estimate fossil-fuel subsidies. It involves comparing the price of a good or service in the economy to what that price would be without government intervention. This approach has several benefits, including being relatively simple to implement and providing a quick estimate of subsidies. However, there are also some limitations to this method, such as potential errors in data collection and assumptions made about the market.

Section 2: Benefits and Limitations of the Price-Gap Approach

The price-gap approach has several benefits, including:

- It is relatively simple to implement, making it a popular choice for estimating subsidies.
- It provides a quick estimate of subsidies, which can be useful for policymakers who need to make decisions quickly.
- It is easy to understand and communicate, making it accessible to a wide range of stakeholders.

However, there are also some limitations to this method, including:

- There may be potential errors in data collection, which can lead to inaccurate estimates of subsidies.
- Assumptions must be made about the market, which may not always be accurate.
- The price-gap approach does not account for all forms of subsidies, such as those that are not directly measured by price differences.

Section 3: Potential Systematic Bias in Estimates

There is a potential for systematic bias in estimates using the price-gap approach. This can occur when there are gaps in the estimation method, which can only be filled in every five years through the more complex but more complete 'transfer' method of estimating subsidies. This means that there may be some uncertainty in the estimates produced by the price-gap approach, and that these estimates may not be entirely accurate.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the price-gap approach is a useful method for estimating fossil-fuel subsidies. However, there are some limitations to this method, including potential errors in data collection and assumptions made about the market. Additionally, there is a potential for systematic bias in estimates. Therefore, it is recommended that price-gap data be collected annually for all major fossil-fuel energy producing and consuming nations. This will help to fill gaps in the estimation method every five years through the more complex but more complete 'transfer' method of estimating subsidies.

Glossary

- Price-gap approach: A method used to estimate fossil-fuel subsidies by comparing the price of a good or service in the economy to what that price would be without government intervention.
- Transfer method: A more complex method of estimating subsidies that takes into account all forms of subsidies, not just those measured by price differences.
- Fossil-fuel energy: Energy derived from coal, oil, natural gas, and other hydrocarbon sources.
- Consuming nation: A country that imports fossil-fuel energy.
- Producing nation: A country that exports fossil-fuel energy.


text: Legal Secretarial. The candidate duties and responsibilities include drafting legal documents, preparation of court submissions, calendar maintenance, filing, answering phones, client intake, updates and communications, meeting numerous client deadlines (metrics), updating internal and external case. Paralegal/Legal Secretary. The candidate will provide a full range of support and administrative services, including preparing pleadings, subpoenas, propounding and responding to discovery in state court, interacting with court clerks, setting up deposition, preparing and processing all other forms. Legal Secretary/Receptionist. The candidate will operates the telephone console by professionally answering incoming calls. Directs callers to appropriate persons and/or taking messages. Maintains reception and conference room facilities. Greets and directs visitors in a friendly, professional manne

textbook:
Lesson: How to Write a Job Description

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to write a job description. A job description is a document that outlines the tasks, duties, and qualifications required for a particular job. It is an essential tool for employers and job seekers as it helps to clarify the expectations and responsibilities of the job.

Section 1: Understanding the Purpose of a Job Description

The purpose of a job description is to provide a clear and concise overview of the job requirements. It should include the job title, the department or division where the position is located, and the job summary. The job summary is a brief statement that describes the overall purpose of the job and its contribution to the organization.

Section 2: Identifying the Key Responsibilities and Duties of the Job

The key responsibilities and duties of the job should be listed in bullet form under the job summary. These should be specific and measurable, and they should align with the job title and the overall goals of the organization.

Section 3: Determining the Required Skills and Qualifications

The required skills and qualifications should be listed after the job responsibilities and duties. These may include education, experience, certifications, and technical skills. The job description should also indicate the working conditions and physical demands of the job, such as travel requirements or heavy lifting.

Section 4: Writing the Job Description

Once you have identified the key components of the job description, you can begin writing it. Start with the job title and department, followed by the job summary. Then list the job responsibilities and duties in bullet form. Finally, list the required skills and qualifications. Use clear and concise language, and make sure the job description is free of jargon or technical terms that may be unfamiliar to job seekers.

Section 5: Reviewing and Updating the Job Description

Once the job description has been written, it should be reviewed and updated regularly to ensure that it remains accurate and relevant. This may involve consulting with the hiring manager or HR department to ensure that the job requirements are current and aligned with the organization's goals.

Conclusion:

Writing a job description is an important part of the hiring process. By following the guidelines outlined in this lesson, you can create a clear and concise job description that accurately reflects the job requirements and attracts qualified candidates. Remember to review and update your job descriptions regularly to ensure that they remain relevant and useful.

Glossary:
- Job description: a document that outlines the tasks, duties, and qualifications required for a particular job
- Job title: the official name of the job
- Department or division: the area of the organization where the job is located
- Job summary: a brief statement that describes the overall purpose of the job
- Responsibilities and duties: the specific tasks and activities required for the job
- Skills and qualifications: the education, experience, certifications, and technical skills required for the job
- Working conditions: the physical demands and environmental factors of the job, such as travel requirements or heavy lifting.


text: This is a yearly plan in Gaeilge clearly setting out an overview of learning outcomes to be taught each month in Teanga ó Bhéal, Léitheoireacht agus Scríbhneoireacht for Junior Infants, Senior Infants, 1st Class and 2nd Class. The plan is easy to follow and is based on the new language curriculum.. For teachers in multi classes the same learning outcomes are planned for each class every month based on the New Language Curriculum.. Also included are separate graphs 1. Teanga ó Bhéal 2. Léitheoireacht 3. Scríbhneoireacht for Junior/Senior Infants and 1st/2nd class displaying the outcomes for each month in a simple format that can be displayed on your noticeboard or in your planning folder.. Any questions about the English or Irish plan for either Junior/Senior/First/Second Class please contact me and I’ll answer any questions before purchase.

textbook:
Lesson: Learning Outcomes for Teanga ó Bhéal, Léitheoireacht agus Scríbhneoireacht

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the learning outcomes for Teanga ó Bhéal, Léitheoireacht agus Scríbhneoireacht for Junior Infants, Senior Infants, 1st Class, and 2nd Class based on the new language curriculum. We will also create a graph to display the outcomes for each month in a simple format.

Section 1: Teanga ó Bhéal
Teanga ó Bhéal refers to the ability to understand and use Irish in everyday situations. In this section, we will learn about the following learning outcomes:

- Understanding and responding to simple greetings and questions in Irish
- Using basic vocabulary to describe people, places, and things
- Recognizing and pronouncing Irish words correctly

Questions and Answers:
Q: What are some examples of simple greetings and questions in Irish?
A: Dia dhuit (hello), cén chaoi a bhfuil tú? (where are you from?), and céard is leis an béar? (what does the bear eat?)

Section 2: Léitheoireacht
Léitheoireacht refers to the ability to read and understand written Irish. In this section, we will learn about the following learning outcomes:

- Recognizing and pronouncing Irish letters and sounds correctly
- Reading and understanding simple Irish words and phrases
- Using context clues to guess the meaning of unfamiliar words

Questions and Answers:
Q: What are some examples of Irish letters and sounds?
A: Beag (b), Mór (m), and Long (l)

Section 3: Scríbhneoireacht
Scríbhneoireacht refers to the ability to write and express ideas in Irish. In this section, we will learn about the following learning outcomes:

- Writing simple sentences using Irish words and grammar rules
- Using correct spelling and punctuation in Irish
- Expressing ideas and opinions in Irish using appropriate vocabulary

Questions and Answers:
Q: What are some examples of Irish grammar rules?
A: Subject-verb-object order, prepositions, and adjective agreement

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the learning outcomes for Teanga ó Bhéal, Léitheoireacht agus Scríbhneoireacht for Junior Infants, Senior Infants, 1st Class, and 2nd Class based on the new language curriculum. We also created a graph to display the outcomes for each month in a simple format. By understanding these learning outcomes, we can apply them to new problems and continue to improve our Irish language skills.


text: Microsoft Interview QuestionSoftware Engineer / Developers. what about this approach ?. I am assuming that sorting needs to be done on "id" and its unique for each individual.. 1. Lets split the Big file with million entries into n (f1,f2,..fn) small files.. 2. Maintain the n small files in n min-heaps.. 3. Now in each heap we know the smallest id in that heap, and we have n ids.. 4. We take the root of each n heap in memory and find the min amongst them, lets say its xj.. 5. Now we know xj is the smallest id present in the whole of file.. 6. we swap xj from heap fj with the last element of f1 heap, reduce the size of f1 by one, and heapify f1 and fj from which x1 was originally part of.. Repeat 4, 5, 6 till we run out of heaps.. After that we will have n arrays (f1,f2..fn) which are sorted.. just append these arrays and we have the sorted file wrt to id.. would go for an external merge sort- Anonymous January 21, 2008

textbook:
Lesson: Sorting a Big File with Million Entries

## Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about a creative approach to sorting a big file with million entries. This approach involves splitting the file into smaller files, maintaining them in min-heaps, and merging them in a specific order to obtain the sorted file.

## Section 1: Splitting the File
The first step in sorting the big file is to split it into smaller files. We can do this by selecting a unique identifier for each individual, such as their ID, and creating n small files based on their IDs. Each file should contain all the records with the same ID.

## Section 2: Maintaining Min-Heaps
Once we have split the file into n small files, we need to maintain them in n min-heaps. A min-heap is a data structure that stores elements in a way that allows us to find the minimum element in logarithmic time. We can use the following steps to create a min-heap for each file:

1. Create an empty heap for each file.
2. Enqueue the root node of the heap.
3. While the heap is not empty, dequeue the minimum element and remove it from the heap.
4. Enqueue the parent node of the current node.
5. Repeat steps 3-4 until the heap is empty.

## Section 3: Merging the Files
After maintaining the n small files in n min-heaps, we can merge them in a specific order to obtain the sorted file. We can do this by taking the root of each min-heap in memory and finding the minimum element, which we will call xj. Then, we swap xj from heap fj with the last element of f1 heap, reduce the size of f1 by one, and heapify f1 and fj from which x1 was originally part of. We repeat this process until we run out of heaps.

After that, we will have n arrays (f1, f2, ..., fn) which are sorted. Finally, we append these arrays and we have the sorted file wrt to the ID.

## Section 4: Practical Examples
Let's consider an example to understand the process better. Suppose we have a file with 10 million records and we want to sort them based on their ID. We can follow these steps:

1. Split the file into 10 small files based on their IDs.
2. Maintain each small file in a min-heap.
3. Merge the files in the specific order until we have only one file left, which is the sorted file.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about a creative approach to sorting a big file with million entries. We discussed how to split the file into smaller files, maintain them in min-heaps, and merge them in a specific order to obtain the sorted file. We also provided practical examples to illustrate the process. By applying this approach, we can efficiently sort large files and save time and resources.


text: Builder’s home with plenty of extras. This recently completed builder’s home oozes quality and modern design. From the moment you enter the front door you will love the tiled flooring throughout, high ceiling, generous size bedrooms with built-ins, ensuite and main bathroom. Appreciate that this home is fully air-conditioned for our long hot summers. Open plan living is showcased here with ample room to spread out. The double garage is spacious with still room for extra storage. Other features include fully turfed yard, mostly fenced with good side access to the rear. Still enough room for a shed and/or pool. Close to family parkland and easy walk to St Catherine’s middle and high school. This home is one of the best in the current Proserpine market without breaking the bank! Be the first to live here and make this your home.

textbook:
Lesson: Real Estate Investment
Introduction:
Real estate investment is the process of purchasing property to generate income or capital gains. It is an essential aspect of personal finance and wealth creation. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of real estate investment, including the benefits, risks, and strategies involved in this lucrative venture.
Benefits of Real Estate Investment:
1. Passive Income: Real estate investments can generate rental income that can supplement your regular income.
2. Appreciation: Property values tend to appreciate over time, which means that you can sell the property for a higher price than what you paid for it.
3. Tax Benefits: Real estate investors can enjoy various tax benefits, such as deductions for mortgage interest, property taxes, and other expenses.
Risks of Real Estate Investment:
1. Market Risk: The value of real estate can fluctuate depending on market conditions, such as interest rates, employment rates, and economic conditions.
2. Management Risk: Managing a rental property can be time-consuming and may involve dealing with tenants, maintenance, and repairs.
3. Financial Risk: Real estate investments require a significant amount of money upfront, and there is always a risk of losing money if the property value decreases or if there are vacancies.
Strategies for Real Estate Investment:
1. Buy and Hold: This strategy involves purchasing a property and holding onto it for the long term, collecting rental income and benefiting from appreciation.
2. Fix and Flip: This strategy involves purchasing a property, making necessary repairs, and selling it for a profit.
3. Wholesaling: This strategy involves finding distressed properties, contracting with a buyer, and earning a fee for connecting the buyer and seller.
Conclusion:
Real estate investment can be a lucrative venture, but it requires careful consideration of the benefits, risks, and strategies involved. By understanding these aspects, you can make informed decisions about whether real estate investment is right for you and how to approach it in a way that maximizes your chances of success.


text:
#!/bin/sh
# Run this to generate all the initial makefiles, etc.

srcdir=`dirname $0`
test -z "$srcdir" && srcdir=.

DIE=false

(autoconf --version && autoheader --version) < /dev/null > /dev/null 2>&1 || {
    echo
    echo "You must have autoconf installed to compile Open Dylan."
    echo "Download the appropriate package for your distribution,"
    echo "or get the source tarball at ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/autoconf"
    DIE=true
}

(aclocal --version) < /dev/null > /dev/null 2>&1 || {
    echo
    echo "You must have automake installed to compile Open Dylan."
    echo "Download the appropriate package for your distribution,"
    echo "or get the source tarball at ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/automake"
    DIE=true
}

$DIE && exit 1

echo "*** Hello, there! ***"
echo "*** Please ignore errors and warnings from automake. ***"
echo "*** Thanks! ***"

( cd $srcdir
  mkdir -p config/build-aux
  aclocal -I config/m4
  automake --foreign --copy --add-missing
  autoconf )

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Shell Scripting

## Chapter 1: What is Shell Scripting?
Shell scripting is the process of writing scripts that can be executed by the shell or command line interpreter of an operating system. These scripts allow users to automate repetitive tasks, customize their computing environment, and perform advanced operations that would otherwise require manual intervention.

## Chapter 2: Why Learn Shell Scripting?
Learning shell scripting is essential for anyone who wants to become a skilled computer user. It enables you to automate routine tasks, such as backing up files, updating software, and managing user accounts. Additionally, shell scripting is a valuable skill for system administrators, programmers, and data analysts, as it allows them to create customized solutions for their specific needs.

## Chapter 3: Basic Concepts and Commands
Before diving into shell scripting, it's essential to understand some basic concepts and commands. Here are some fundamental ideas to get started:

- The shell: This is the interface between the user and the operating system. It interprets and executes commands entered by the user.
- The prompt: This is the symbol (usually a dollar sign) that appears before the command line where you enter your commands.
- Command-line arguments: These are the parameters passed to a script when it is run. They are specified after the script name and separated by spaces.
- Environment variables: These are variables that contain information about the system's state, such as the current directory or the username.
- Redirecting input and output: You can direct the output of a command to a file or another command's input using redirection operators (<, >, >>).
- Pipes: These allow the output of one command to be used as input for another command. They are created using the vertical bar (|) character.

## Chapter 4: Writing Your First Script
Now that you know some basic concepts, let's write a simple script that prints "Hello, World!" when executed.

```bash
#!/bin/bash
echo "Hello, World!"
```

Save this script as `hello.sh` and make it executable using the following command:

```bash
chmod +x hello.sh
```

Now you can run the script by entering:

```bash
./hello.sh
```

## Chapter 5: Advanced Topics
Shell scripting offers many advanced features that allow you to create sophisticated scripts. Here are some additional topics to explore:

- Functions: These are reusable blocks of code that can be called from within a script.
- Loops: These enable you to repeat a set of commands for a specific number of iterations or until a certain condition is met.
- Decision making: Conditional statements allow you to make choices based on certain conditions, such as checking if a file exists before running a command.
- Parameters: These are variables that contain values passed to a script when it is executed.
- Arrays: These are collections of elements accessed using indices.

## Conclusion
Shell scripting is a powerful tool that can save you time and effort by automating tasks and creating customized solutions. By mastering the basics and exploring advanced features, you'll be well-equipped to tackle any computing challenge that comes your way.


text: These pictures aren't in any particular order because I am too lazy to fix it, but I had a wonderful time last weekend seeing how maple syrup was made. I went to Kents Sugar House and learned all about it. It was about a 40 minute drive outside of Albany and a pretty drive up. I was about 30 minues away from Vermont and went ahead and crossed over so that I could add that to my 101 in 1001 list.. The different amounts of maple syrup you could but. Some people even buy the largest which is a gallon.. They place these things in the tree and the sap drips out into buckets. It takes like 48 gallons of sap to make 1 gallon of maple syrup. They even let me taste it and it tasted like water. He said that only 2% was sugar.. 1 comment:. My grandpa used to buy it by the gallon. His friend had a sugar shack so I'm sure it wasn't as expensive as the stuff you saw.. My mom just brought me a pint that her friend cooked up. Such a special treat!

textbook:
Lesson: How Maple Syrup is Made
Introduction:
Maple syrup is a sweet, sticky food that is made from the sap of maple trees. In this lesson, we will learn about the process of making maple syrup from start to finish.
Section 1: Gathering Sap from Maple Trees
The first step in making maple syrup is gathering the sap from the maple trees. This is done by drilling a hole in the tree and inserting a spout. The sap then drips into a bucket or container.
Question: Why do you think maple trees are used to make maple syrup?
Answer: Maple trees are used to make maple syrup because they produce a large amount of sap, which contains a high concentration of sugar.
Section 2: Boiling the Sap to Make Syrup
Once the sap has been collected, it needs to be boiled down to make syrup. This process can take several hours and requires constant attention to ensure that the sap does not burn.
Question: What happens when the sap is boiled down?
Answer: When the sap is boiled down, the water evaporates, leaving behind a concentrated syrup.
Section 3: Filtering and Bottling the Syrup
After the sap has been boiled down, it is filtered to remove any impurities. Then, it is poured into bottles and allowed to cool before being sold.
Question: What is the final product of the maple syrup making process?
Answer: The final product of the maple syrup making process is a sweet, sticky liquid that is used as a sweetener on pancakes, waffles, and other breakfast foods.
Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the process of making maple syrup from start to finish. We started with gathering sap from maple trees and ended with filtering and bottling the syrup. We also learned why maple trees are used to make maple syrup and what happens during the boiling process. By understanding the steps involved in making maple syrup, we can appreciate the hard work and dedication that goes into producing this delicious treat.
Glossary:
- Sap: the fluid that circulates in the vascular system of a plant, conveying water and dissolved nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant
- Concentrated: having a high proportion of one thing, especially a substance that is much stronger than usual
- Impurities: unwanted substances in a sample of air, water, or soil that can harm humans, animals, or plants


text: Yoga Therapy. All Yoga is therapeutic. However, Yoga therapy as we define it is utilizing special postures for people who have special needs and are not yet ready for a regular Hatha Yoga class.. Our focus with Yoga therapy is to use Hatha Yoga postures specifically for low back, hips and stress related issues.. Our program is patterned after the Yoga program that was developed by Dr. Larry Payne for the UCLA School of Medicine.. An assessment is necessary prior to enrolling in a Yoga Therapy. program..

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Yoga Therapy

### Section 1: What is Yoga Therapy?
Yoga therapy is a form of therapy that uses special postures from Hatha Yoga to address specific health issues such as low back pain, hip problems, and stress. It is based on a program developed by Dr. Larry Payne for the UCLA School of Medicine.

### Section 2: How does Yoga Therapy work?
Yoga therapy works by using specific postures and movements to target areas of the body that are causing discomfort or pain. These postures help to improve flexibility, strength, and balance, which can reduce symptoms and improve overall health.

### Section 3: Who can benefit from Yoga Therapy?
Yoga therapy can benefit anyone who is experiencing low back pain, hip problems, or stress. It is particularly helpful for individuals who are not yet ready for a regular Hatha Yoga class.

### Section 4: What happens during a Yoga Therapy session?
During a Yoga therapy session, a trained therapist will assess your individual needs and create a personalized plan using specific Hatha Yoga postures to address your health concerns. The therapist will guide you through each posture, providing modifications as needed to ensure safety and effectiveness.

### Section 5: What are the benefits of Yoga Therapy?
The benefits of Yoga therapy include improved flexibility, strength, and balance, as well as reduced symptoms of low back pain, hip problems, and stress. Additionally, Yoga therapy can help to improve overall health and well-being.

### Glossary:
- Hatha Yoga: A branch of yoga that emphasizes physical postures and breathing techniques to promote health and wellness.
- Dr. Larry Payne: A physician who developed a Yoga program for the UCLA School of Medicine.
- Postures: Specific movements or positions used in Yoga therapy to target areas of the body causing discomfort or pain.
- Modifications: Adjustments made to a posture to make it safer or more accessible for individuals with specific health concerns.
- Personalized plan: A customized set of postures designed specifically for an individual's unique needs and goals.
- Therapist: A trained professional who guides individuals through Yoga therapy sessions and creates personalized plans.

### Conclusion:
Yoga therapy is a powerful tool for improving health and well-being. By using specific postures from Hatha Yoga, individuals can address low back pain, hip problems, and stress-related issues. Whether you are a beginner or have experience with Yoga, Yoga therapy can provide personalized support and guidance to help you achieve your health goals.


text:
Rethinking Our Work Renews Our Minds

Phalaenopsis orchids are stunning and one of my favorite flowers. They come in a variety of colors and will hold their blooms for weeks. Their beauty is radiant from any angle—up close, from a distance, in bunches and as a singleton.

Scripture is like this, in that its truths have a multi-dimensional radiance about them. Passages have relevance to all areas of our lives regardless of our demographics and socioeconomic station in life. Romans 12:2 is one of these where the command to renew our minds can take many forms.

The Collaborative exists to challenge believers to “rethink” how we view our work. This process, done rightly, will bear the fruit of a renewed mind. Rethinking in a manner that is most productive is not one action, but a collection of practices—reading, praying, and posturing. Spending time in Scripture seems to be a tired statement, but it is an axiom that is paramount to this endeavor. An engaged reading of spiritual giants of the past and present (although I would recommend beginning with the past ones) regarding faith, work, economics, and culture is an important practice to adopt. This is why we have recommended reading listed on the website under the Resources tab.

Along with reading, praying is a practice that needs to be cultivated and nurtured, much like my orchids. Praying through your work may be a new idea for some, but I can attest from personal experience, praying through my work has been a transformational exercise over the years. Work so dominates certain seasons of our lives that we ought to be in an ongoing dialogue with God through expressions of thanksgiving, cries of repentance, and pleas of petitions.

Work so dominates certain seasons of our lives that we ought to be in an ongoing dialogue with God through expressions of thanksgiving, cries of repentance, and pleas of petitions.

What do I pray for, regarding my work?

Here are a few ideas that could be praise, confession, or requests:

for passion where there is none;

for wisdom when you are extremely frustrated;

for direction when nothing seems to be going your way;

for better understanding my work as part of the Lord’s redemptive plan for creation;

for clarity when everything in you says go and everything else says stay;

for the joy of my salvation to show-up;

for financial relief; and

for seeing meaning in my work even in those parts I abhor.

Both reading and praying are important pieces to renewing our minds, but our posture is equally so. It is a posture of humility that will make a difference in our collection of practices. One of the spiritual giants of our past is Andrew Murray, who says, “…humility is the very essence of holiness. It is the displacement of self by the enthronement of God. Where God is all, self is nothing.”

Humility at work

So, how does humility relate to our work? What if we are the CEO? Doesn’t humility run counter to strong leadership? We can start formulating our answers by looking to Ecclesiastes 3, which reminds us to love our work and to be grateful for our work because it is a gift. There are numerous passages of Scripture that reference humanity as image-bearers, which reinforces that we are in the midst of those who bear God's very image. Author and Christian thinker C.S. Lewis says, “We have never seen a mere mortal.” Believing this philosophically is easy, but seeing our co-workers, clients, and customers (even those people who drive us crazy) as image-bearers is a whole other matter. Knowing what humility looks like in our offices is not always self-evident, but I have been convicted that I am constantly supposed to be striving for it, albeit imperfectly, because as Murray says, “Humility before God is nothing if it is not proven in humility before others.”

Reconsidering our work under the rubric of God’s plan of redemption (by reading, praying, and adopting a posture of humility) is just one aspect of how when you renew your mind, then you will be able to test and approve what God’s will is--his good, pleasing and perfect will (Romans 12:2). This is one of those lifelong pursuits for believers and for all those who join in greater fulfillment in our work, but most importantly is it the greater unity with Christ, perhaps the sweetest blessing of all.

textbook:
Lesson: Rethinking Our Work Renews Our Minds

**Introduction**

In this lesson, we will explore the importance of rethinking our work and how it can lead to a renewed mind. We will examine the benefits of spending time in scripture and engaging with spiritual giants of the past and present. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the value of rethinking your work and how it can impact your life.

**Section 1: The Importance of Rethinking Our Work**

Rethinking our work means taking a step back and examining the way we approach our tasks. It involves challenging our assumptions and beliefs about what it means to do good work. When we rethink our work, we open ourselves up to new ideas and perspectives that can help us grow and develop.

**Activity**

Think about a task you have been working on. What assumptions did you make when you first started the task? How might those assumptions have affected the way you approached the task? Now, imagine that you have rethought your approach to the task. What new ideas or perspectives might you have brought to the task?

**Section 2: The Benefits of Spending Time in Scripture**

Spending time in scripture is an important practice for anyone who wants to renew their mind. By engaging with the word of God, we allow ourselves to be shaped and formed by his truths. Scripture has the power to transform our hearts and minds, leading us towards a life of holiness and righteousness.

**Activity**

Choose a passage of scripture that you find meaningful. Take some time to read and reflect on the passage. What truths does it reveal about God or humanity? How might those truths shape the way you approach your work?

**Section 3: Engaging with Spiritual Giants**

Engaging with spiritual giants of the past and present is another important practice for those who want to renew their minds. By reading the works of great thinkers and leaders, we can gain new insights and perspectives that can help us grow and develop in our faith.

**Activity**

Choose a spiritual giant from history and read one of their works. Take some time to reflect on the ideas and concepts presented in the work. How might those ideas shape the way you approach your work?

**Glossary**

- Rethinking: the process of challenging our assumptions and beliefs about our work
- Spiritual giant: a person who has made significant contributions to the field of religion or spirituality

**Conclusion**

Rethinking our work and spending time in scripture and with spiritual giants are important practices for anyone who wants to renew their mind. By engaging with these practices, we can develop a deeper understanding of ourselves and our work, leading us towards a more fulfilling and meaningful life.


text: Bhatt, Nikhilesh (2015) Evaluation of the Codal Provisions for Asymmetric Buildings. MTech thesis.. The research on asymmetric buildings has b een extensive prim arily fo cusing on the stability of a structure whe n sub jected to earthquake. Based on the m numerous guidelines have b een laid out for to ensure safety. I have in this pap er tried to evaluate the effectiveness of the guidelines provided in the IS: 1893 (2000). Asymmetric buildings are more common now than they have ever been and their popularity has been growing primarily due to the functionality they provide. Due to the frequent earthquakes that India suffers being at the junction of two tectonic plates it has become increasingly important to study Indian buildings for seismic safety. The buildings are analyzed based on the effect of torsion which is the main cause of damage for Asymmetric Buildings.. Repository Staff Only: item control page

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Earthquake Engineering

**Overview:** In this lesson, we will learn about earthquake engineering, its importance, and the factors that contribute to the safety of a building during an earthquake. We will also explore the concept of asymmetric buildings and their design considerations.

**Objectives:**
1. Understand the basics of earthquake engineering and its significance.
2. Identify the factors that contribute to the safety of a building during an earthquake.
3. Learn about the concept of asymmetric buildings and their design considerations.

**Section 1: Introduction to Earthquake Engineering**

Earthquake engineering is a branch of civil engineering that deals with the design and construction of buildings and structures that can withstand earthquakes. Earthquakes are natural disasters that occur when the earth's crust experiences sudden movement, causing buildings and other structures to shake violently. Earthquake engineering aims to minimize the damage caused by earthquakes by designing buildings and structures that can absorb the energy from an earthquake and prevent it from causing harm to people and property.

**Section 2: Factors Contributing to Building Safety During an Earthquake**

There are several factors that contribute to the safety of a building during an earthquake. These include:

1. Structural design: The design of a building's structure plays a crucial role in determining its ability to withstand earthquakes. Buildings with flexible structures that can absorb the energy from an earthquake are less likely to suffer significant damage.

2. Material selection: The materials used in the construction of a building also play a vital role in its ability to withstand earthquakes. Materials such as steel and concrete are commonly used in earthquake-resistant buildings because they can absorb energy and distribute it evenly throughout the structure.

3. Location: The location of a building can also affect its safety during an earthquake. Buildings located in areas with a high risk of earthquakes should be designed with additional safety features to minimize the risk of damage.

**Section 3: Asymmetric Buildings**

Asymmetric buildings are those that have an irregular shape or form. They are becoming increasingly popular due to their functionality and aesthetic appeal. However, asymmetric buildings require special design considerations to ensure their safety during an earthquake.

One of the main challenges associated with asymmetric buildings is the torsional effect caused by the irregular shape. Torsion is the twisting motion that occurs when a building is subjected to an earthquake. To mitigate the effects of torsion, engineers must carefully design the structure to distribute the forces evenly throughout the building.

**Glossary:**
- Earthquake engineering: The branch of civil engineering that deals with the design and construction of buildings and structures that can withstand earthquakes.
- Asymmetric buildings: Buildings with an irregular shape or form.
- Torsion: The twisting motion that occurs when a building is subjected to an earthquake.

**Conclusion:**

In conclusion, earthquake engineering is a crucial field that helps us design and construct buildings and structures that can withstand earthquakes. Asymmetric buildings, while visually appealing, require special design considerations to ensure their safety during an earthquake. By understanding the factors that contribute to building safety and the unique challenges associated with asymmetric buildings, we can create safer and more resilient structures that can withstand the forces of nature.


text:
Drug prescribing practices of general practitioners and paediatricians for childhood diarrhoea in Karachi, Pakistan.
Observations were made of 996 encounters between children with diarrhoea and practitioners (28 paediatricians, 62 general practitioners) in Karachi, Pakistan. Oral rehydration salt (ORS) was prescribed in more than 50% of encounters by 53% of general practitioners (GPs) and 61% of paediatricians. Sixty-six percent of GPs and 50% of paediatricians prescribed antibacterials, 60% of GPs and 28% of paediatricians prescribed antidiarrhoeals and 39% of GPs and 32% of paediatricians prescribed antiamoebics in more than 30% of their encounters. Looking at all the encounters, we observed that ORS was prescribed in 52 and 51%, antibacterials in 41 and 36%, antidiarrhoeals in 48 and 29%, and antiamoebics in 26 and 22% of encounters by GPs and paediatricians, respectively, Cotrimoxazole was the most frequently prescribed antibacterial by both types of practitioners. Antidiarrhoeals were prescribed more often by GPs than by paediatricians. In 77% of their encounters, GPs dispensed drug formulations known as "mixtures' made in their own dispensing corners. The mean duration of encounters between patients and GPs was 3 +/- 2 minutes and between patients and paediatricians was 9 +/- 4 minutes. These results indicate inadequate prescription of ORS and excessive prescription of antibacterials, antidiarrhoeals and antiamoebics. Intervention strategies need to be planned to improve the prescribing practices of both groups.

textbook:
Lesson: Prescribing Practices for Childhood Diarrhoea

Introduction:
Diarrhoea is a common illness that affects many children worldwide. It is essential to understand the prescribing practices of general practitioners and paediatricians for childhood diarrhoea in Karachi, Pakistan.

Section 1: Understanding Prescribing Practices

Topic 1: Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS)
ORS is an essential treatment for diarrhoea as it helps to replace the lost fluids and electrolytes. It is crucial to understand the prescribing practices of general practitioners and paediatricians for ORS.

Question: What percentage of encounters between children with diarrhoea and practitioners in Karachi, Pakistan, involved the prescription of ORS?
Answer: In more than 50% of encounters, ORS was prescribed by 53% of general practitioners and 61% of paediatricians.

Topic 2: Antibacterials
Antibacterials are medicines that help to treat infections caused by bacteria. It is essential to understand the prescribing practices of general practitioners and paediatricians for antibacterials in childhood diarrhoea cases.

Question: What percentage of encounters involved the prescription of antibacterials by general practitioners and paediatricians in Karachi, Pakistan?
Answer: Sixty-six percent of GPs and 50% of paediatricians prescribed antibacterials in more than 30% of their encounters.

Topic 3: Antidiarrhoeals
Antidiarrhoeals are medicines that help to slow down the movement of the bowel. It is essential to understand the prescribing practices of general practitioners and paediatricians for antidiarrhoeals in childhood diarrhoea cases.

Question: What percentage of encounters involved the prescription of antidiarrhoeals by general practitioners and paediatricians in Karachi, Pakistan?
Answer: Forty-eight and 29% of encounters by GPs and paediatricians, respectively, involved the prescription of antidiarrhoeals.

Topic 4: Antiamoebics
Antiamoebics are medicines that help to treat amoebic infections. It is essential to understand the prescribing practices of general practitioners and paediatricians for antiamoebics in childhood diarrhoea cases.

Question: What percentage of encounters involved the prescription of antiamoebics by general practitioners and paediatricians in Karachi, Pakistan?
Answer: Twenty-six and 22% of encounters by GPs and paediatricians, respectively, involved the prescription of antiamoebics.

Section 2: Understanding the Prescribing Patterns

Topic 1: ORS
General practitioners and paediatricians in Karachi, Pakistan, prescribed ORS in more than 50% of encounters. However, there was no significant difference in the prescribing patterns of ORS between GPs and paediatricians.

Topic 2: Antibacterials
Both general practitioners and paediatricians in Karachi, Pakistan, prescribed antibacterials in more than 30% of their encounters. Cotrimoxazole was the most frequently prescribed antibacterial by both types of practitioners.

Topic 3: Antidiarrhoeals
There was a significant difference in the prescribing patterns of antidiarrhoeals between general practitioners and paediatricians in Karachi, Pakistan. While 48% of GPs prescribed antidiarrhoeals, only 29% of paediatricians did so.

Topic 4: Antiamoebics
The prescribing patterns of antiamoebics were similar for both general practitioners and paediatricians in Karachi, Pakistan. Twenty-six and 22% of encounters by GPs and paediatricians, respectively, involved the prescription of antiamoebics.

Section 3: Conclusion
Understanding the prescribing practices of general practitioners and paediatricians for childhood diarrhoea in Karachi, Pakistan, is essential to ensure appropriate treatment for children affected by this illness. It is crucial to note that ORS is the most commonly prescribed treatment for diarrhoea, followed by antibacterials and antidiarrhoeals. Antiamoebics are prescribed less frequently. It is essential to educate practitioners on the importance of prescribing appropriate treatments for childhood diarrhoea to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes.

Glossary:
- ORS: Oral Rehydration Salt
- Antibacterials: Medicines that help to treat infections caused by bacteria
- Antidiarrhoeals: Medicines that help to slow down the movement of the bowel
- Antiamoebics: Medicines that help to treat amoebic infections


text: Best Part time Master of Laws Programs in Law and Regulation in Los Angeles USA 2019. Law school graduates and lawyers routinely apply an LL.M. to gain expertise in a specialized area of law, such as tax law or international law, or to move from one practice area into another. LLM Degree in Law and Regulation in Los Angeles.

textbook:
**Lesson: Introduction to Law and Regulation**

## Section 1: What is Law and Regulation?

Law and regulation refer to the rules and principles that govern society and control the behavior of individuals and groups. These rules and principles are created and enforced by governmental institutions, such as courts and legislatures, to maintain order and protect individual rights.

## Section 2: Why Study Law and Regulation?

Studying law and regulation can provide valuable insights into how societies function and how individuals interact with each other. Understanding the legal system can also help individuals make informed decisions and avoid legal pitfalls. Additionally, a strong understanding of law and regulation can be beneficial for careers in politics, business, and social work.

## Section 3: How does the Legal System Work?

The legal system is a complex network of laws, courts, and legal professionals that work together to uphold and enforce the law. When a person breaks the law, they may be charged with a crime and brought before a court. The court will then determine whether the accused is guilty or not guilty and, if found guilty, will decide on an appropriate punishment.

## Section 4: Types of Law

There are several different types of law, including civil law, criminal law, and international law. Civil law deals with disputes between individuals or organizations, while criminal law deals with actions that harm society as a whole. International law governs the relationships between countries and seeks to promote peace and cooperation among nations.

## Section 5: Practical Examples

One practical example of law and regulation in action is the creation of contracts. Contracts are legally binding agreements between two or more parties that outline the terms and conditions of a relationship. For instance, when someone rents an apartment, they enter into a contract with the landlord that outlines the terms of the rental agreement.

Another example is the regulation of businesses. Governments often create laws and regulations that businesses must follow in order to protect consumers and ensure fair competition. For example, businesses must follow truth-in-advertising laws, which require that advertisements be accurate and not misleading.

## Conclusion

In conclusion, studying law and regulation can provide valuable insights into how societies function and how individuals interact with each other. By understanding the legal system, individuals can make informed decisions and avoid legal pitfalls. Additionally, a strong understanding of law and regulation can be beneficial for careers in politics, business, and social work. By applying the skills gained from this topic, individuals can effectively navigate the legal system and contribute to a just and equitable society.


text:
New Resource brings environmental policy to life

How do you make sure an environmental policy isn’t just another checked-off item on your sustainability projects list (“Yep, we have that”), but something that informs the everyday actions of people throughout your organization? New Resource faced that question when the staff Green Team realized that no one was reading the bank’s environmental policy. It not only needed an update, it needed a life beyond the page. The team went over the policy—a list of standards and relevant goals—point by point, deleting goals that had been met, making others more challenging, and adding targets. The bank then committed to bringing the policy to life, and is taking these actions:

Lunches hosted by President and CEO Vince Siciliano to walk all staff members through the policy

A sustainability challenge asking everyone to agree to work on nine items in the policy and come up with other things they want to do

Environmental action contests geared toward meeting specific goals

Incorporating the policy and expectations around it into the orientation process for new employees

“We don’t want to just put up the policy and have it never be read,” says Gary Groff, branch manager and Green Team chair. “We’re trying to build it into the fabric of the bank. “We’re starting with the lunches so that people recognize the importance of the policy—the CEO is introducing it—and understand it and buy into it,” he adds. “We want to do this in a way that lets everyone recognize the positive effects of adhering to it, for the business and themselves.” Key elements of the environmental policy include:

Waste diversion: New Resource aims to divert 90 percent of its waste from landfill (and may soon raise that goal to 95 percent). The bank composts and recycles, not just the usual materials but also soft plastics, e-waste and Styrofoam.

Environmentally friendly purchasing:The bank looks for the most Earth-friendly option with every purchase—which is not the sacrifice some might think. “The cost has been negligibly higher or not higher at all, and the quality has been as good,” Groff says.

Transportation:New Resource subsidizes public transportation for commuters and provides City CarShare to employees who need a car for meetings. The bank also buys third-party verified renewable energy certificates to offset employee travel as well as electricity use.

textbook:
Lesson: Environmental Policy and Sustainability

Introduction:
An environmental policy is a set of rules and guidelines that help organizations reduce their impact on the environment. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of having an environmental policy, how to create one, and ways to implement it in an organization.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is the importance of implementing an environmental policy to reduce an organization's impact on the environment.

Section 1: Why is an Environmental Policy Important?

Topic 1: Definition of an Environmental Policy
An environmental policy is a set of rules and guidelines that help organizations reduce their impact on the environment. It outlines the organization's commitment to sustainability and sets goals and objectives to achieve it.

Topic 2: Importance of an Environmental Policy
Having an environmental policy is important because it helps organizations reduce waste, conserve resources, and minimize pollution. It also helps organizations save money by reducing energy costs and improving efficiency. Moreover, it helps organizations attract customers who are interested in sustainable products and services.

Topic 3: How to Create an Environmental Policy
To create an environmental policy, organizations need to follow these steps:

1. Assess the current environmental impact of the organization.
2. Set goals and objectives to reduce the impact.
3. Identify policies and practices that will help achieve the goals.
4. Communicate the policy to all stakeholders.
5. Monitor and evaluate progress regularly.

Section 2: Implementing an Environmental Policy

Topic 1: Lunches hosted by President and CEO Vince Siciliano
One way to implement an environmental policy is by hosting lunches where the President and CEO walks all staff members through the policy. This helps employees understand the importance of the policy and their role in implementing it.

Topic 2: Sustainability Challenge
Another way to implement the policy is by launching a sustainability challenge. This involves asking everyone to agree to work on nine items in the policy and come up with other things they want to do. This encourages employees to take ownership of the policy and take action to implement it.

Topic 3: Environmental Action Contests
Organizations can also hold environmental action contests to encourage employees to come up with ideas to reduce the organization's impact on the environment. This can include simple actions like turning off lights when leaving a room or more complex actions like switching to renewable energy sources.

Section 3: Conclusion

In conclusion, having an environmental policy is important for organizations that want to reduce their impact on the environment. By implementing the policy and engaging employees in sustainable practices, organizations can achieve their sustainability goals and attract customers who are interested in sustainable products and services. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, organizations can create and implement an effective environmental policy.


text: Without a doubt one of the greatest crags in Britain (???). Over 200 routes, with over 150 Extremes, and some great VS and HVS lines. South-facing (warm) and 100-200 ft. tall. If you think you are solid in a grade, come to Stoney and come back to Earth. The trade routes on this limestone cliff can get rather polished, so bring chalk and sticky boots, and maybe a brush, and don't bring a big ego!. Without a doubt one the most polished crags Britain. Quarried limestone that has been climbed on for years but despite the high traffic bits still fall off in some places. Stony has lots of history which points to the poverty of English climbing.. If you get over the polish there are some good routes: Scoop Wall (E1 5b), Wall of Bubbles (E2 6a), Wee Doris (E3 5c), Cabbage Crack (E3 6a), Oliver (E4 5c), Circe (E4 6a) are some of the best.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Climbing

## Section 1: What is Climbing?
Climbing is an outdoor activity that involves scaling steep faces or walls of rock formations using specialized equipment and techniques. It requires physical strength, mental focus, and technical skill to navigate challenging terrain.

## Section 2: Types of Climbing
There are several types of climbing, including bouldering, top rope climbing, sport climbing, and trad climbing. Bouldering is climbing on small rocks or boulders without ropes, while top rope climbing uses ropes anchored at the top of the wall to provide support. Sport climbing involves fixed bolts placed in the rock face, and trad climbing relies on natural features such as cracks and seams for protection.

## Section 3: Equipment and Techniques
To climb safely, you need specialized equipment such as climbing shoes, harnesses, helmets, carabiners, ropes, and belay devices. Climbers use various techniques to navigate different types of terrain, including jamming, edging, smearing, and heel hooking.

## Section 4: Safety and Skill Progression
Climbing can be dangerous if proper safety precautions are not followed. Always climb with a partner who can belay you and always double-check your equipment before climbing. As you progress in skill level, gradually challenge yourself by trying more difficult routes and refining your technique.

## Section 5: Real-World Examples
Climbing can be done in many different locations around the world, each with its own unique challenges and characteristics. For example, Yosemite National Park in California is known for its iconic granite faces, while Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania offers a challenging high-altitude climb.

## Conclusion
Climbing is an exciting and rewarding outdoor activity that combines physical strength, mental focus, and technical skill. By mastering different techniques and progressively challenging yourself, you can develop a deep appreciation for nature and push your limits. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced climber, there's always something new to learn and discover on the rock faces.

Glossary:
- Climbing: The activity of scaling steep faces or walls of rock formations using specialized equipment and techniques.
- Bouldering: Climbing on small rocks or boulders without ropes.
- Top rope climbing: Climbing using ropes anchored at the top of the wall to provide support.
- Sport climbing: Climbing that uses fixed bolts placed in the rock face for protection.
- Trad climbing: Climbing that relies on natural features such as cracks and seams for protection.
- Harness: A piece of equipment worn by climbers to connect their body to the rope and distribute weight evenly.
- Carabiner: A metal loop used to connect ropes and other pieces of equipment.
- Belay device: A piece of equipment used by climbers to control the rope and prevent falls.
- Jamming: wedging your fingers or hands into a crack in the rock to gain purchase.
- Edging: using the edges of your feet or hands to grip onto small holds.
- Smearing: placing your feet on small, smooth features on the rock face.
- Heel hooking: using the heel of your foot to grip onto small holds.


text: £11.69. Compare. Head Pro Players Cap. The Pro Player Cap keeps hair, sun and sweat out of your face. It is super lightweight, offers UV protection, and has an adjustable velcro strap to ensure the perfect fit and protection. With tournament-approval, this is the choice of many pro players.. Free delivery available. Next day delivery - (CURRENTLY NOT GUARANTEED). Be the first to know about new releases & offers by joining our newsletter.. Which sports are you interested in?

textbook:
## Lesson: How to Compare Prices and Make Informed Purchasing Decisions

### Section 1: Introduction
In today's world, we are bombarded with information and advertisements about products and services that we want or need. To make informed purchasing decisions, we need to compare prices and features of different options. In this lesson, we will learn how to compare prices and make informed purchasing decisions.

### Section 2: Understanding Price Comparison
Price comparison is the process of comparing the prices of different products or services to find the best deal. This can be done manually by visiting different stores or websites or using online price comparison tools. When comparing prices, we need to consider the following factors:

1. Price: The most obvious factor to consider is the price of the product or service. We need to compare the prices of different options to find the best deal.

2. Features: We also need to compare the features of different options to find the one that meets our needs. For example, if we are looking for a new phone, we need to compare the features such as battery life, processing speed, and camera quality.

3. Quality: We need to compare the quality of different options to find the one that offers the best value for money. This can be subjective and may require research and reviews from other customers.

4. Reputation: We also need to compare the reputation of different options to find the one that is trustworthy and reliable. This can be done by reading reviews and ratings from other customers.

### Section 3: Practical Examples
Let's consider an example of comparing prices for a new phone. We can use online price comparison tools to compare the prices of different options. We can also read reviews and ratings from other customers to compare the quality and reputation of different options. Once we have compared the prices, features, quality, and reputation of different options, we can make an informed decision on which option to purchase.

### Section 4: Self-Debating Discussion
Why is it important to compare prices and make informed purchasing decisions?

Answer: Comparing prices and making informed purchasing decisions helps us save money, time, and effort. It ensures that we get the best value for our money and avoid wasting resources on products or services that do not meet our needs or expectations.

### Section 5: Conclusion
In conclusion, comparing prices and making informed purchasing decisions is a crucial skill that can help us save money and time. By considering factors such as price, features, quality, and reputation, we can find the best deal that meets our needs and expectations. By practicing this skill, we can become more savvy shoppers and make better choices when purchasing products or services.


text: Whitepaper:. Self-driving operations for hybrid and multi-cloud deployments. How your software-defined infrastructure can be a self-driving one, to radically reduce cost and complexity.. For your software-defined data center, hybrid cloud or multi-cloud environment – here’s the open secret!. Self-driving operations by VMware vRealize® Operations™ delivers continuous performance optimization at minimal cost, driven by business and operational intent, efficient capacity management, proactive. planning, intelligent remediation, and integrated compliance.. It automates and simplifies IT operations management, and provides unified observability from. applications to infrastructure across hybrid cloud and multi-cloud environments.. Check out the use cases and key benefits of self-driving operations with VMware now!

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Self-Driving Operations for Hybrid and Multi-Cloud Deployments

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
In this section, we will cover the theoretical concepts behind self-driving operations for hybrid and multi-cloud deployments. We will discuss what self-driving operations are, how they work, and why they are important.

**What are self-driving operations?**
Self-driving operations refer to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms to automate and optimize IT operations in a software-defined data center, hybrid cloud, or multi-cloud environment. Self-driving operations aim to reduce costs and complexity by automating tasks such as capacity planning, performance optimization, and proactive remediation.

**How do self-driving operations work?**
Self-driving operations use AI and ML algorithms to analyze data from various sources, including applications, infrastructure, and business metrics. By analyzing this data, self-driving operations can identify patterns, trends, and anomalies that may indicate potential issues or opportunities for optimization. Based on this analysis, self-driving operations can then make recommendations or take automated actions to improve performance, reduce costs, and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements.

**Why are self-driving operations important?**
Self-driving operations are important because they can help organizations reduce costs and complexity associated with managing IT operations in a hybrid or multi-cloud environment. By automating tasks such as capacity planning, performance optimization, and proactive remediation, self-driving operations can free up IT staff to focus on more strategic initiatives. Additionally, self-driving operations can help organizations achieve greater agility and scalability, allowing them to respond more quickly to changing business needs.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
In this section, we will provide practical examples of how self-driving operations can be used to optimize IT operations in a hybrid or multi-cloud environment.

**Example 1: Capacity Planning**
Self-driving operations can help organizations optimize their capacity planning by analyzing historical data to predict future resource requirements. For example, if an organization is experiencing rapid growth, self-driving operations can identify the need for additional resources before capacity is reached, preventing downtime and ensuring that applications can continue to run smoothly.

**Example 2: Performance Optimization**
Self-driving operations can also help organizations optimize performance by identifying and resolving issues before they impact end-users. For example, if an application is experiencing slow response times, self-driving operations can analyze network traffic and system logs to identify the root cause of the issue and take automated actions to resolve it.

**Example 3: Proactive Remediation**
Self-driving operations can help organizations proactively address issues before they result in downtime or data loss. For example, if a storage device is failing, self-driving operations can detect the issue and initiate a failover to a backup device, ensuring that data is not lost and applications can continue to run without interruption.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
In this section, we will provide real-world scenarios of how self-driving operations have been used to optimize IT operations in a hybrid or multi-cloud environment.

**Scenario 1: Financial Services Company**
A financial services company implemented self-driving operations to optimize its IT operations in a multi-cloud environment. By automating capacity planning and performance optimization, the company was able to reduce costs and increase agility, allowing it to respond more quickly to changing market conditions. Additionally, self-driving operations helped the company achieve greater scalability, enabling it to support rapid growth and expand into new markets.

**Scenario 2: Healthcare Provider**
A healthcare provider implemented self-driving operations to optimize its IT operations in a hybrid cloud environment. By automating proactive remediation and compliance monitoring, the provider was able to ensure that patient data was always secure and available, even during periods of high demand. Additionally, self-driving operations helped the provider achieve greater efficiency, enabling it to provide better care to patients while reducing costs.

## Conclusion
In conclusion, self-driving operations for hybrid and multi-cloud deployments are an essential tool for organizations looking to optimize their IT operations. By automating tasks such as capacity planning, performance optimization, and proactive remediation, self-driving operations can help organizations reduce costs, increase agility, and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements. Whether you are a financial services company, healthcare provider, or any other organization with complex IT operations, self-driving operations can help you achieve greater efficiency, scalability, and security.


text: Suite. Get to know it.. Admire the view over the rooftops of Berlin and enjoy the elegant atmosphere of our modern facilities.. The Suite, with its 67.29 m2, has enough space to accommodate up to 4 people - it includes a lounge area, two double bedrooms, each with private bathroom, and a guest bathroom.. The modern bathroom has heated floors, hair dryer, make up mirror and several cosmetics products.. Enjoy a pleasant stay with equipments such as telephone, flat screen TV, free WLAN, heated bathroom floors, safe and min-bar.. - Individual air conditioning. - Free Wi-Fi. - Radio and flat-screen satellite TV. - Heated floors. - Lit magnifying mirror. - Hair dryer. - Safe with digital lock. - Double-glazed windows. - Possibility of total room blackout. - 24h room service. - Iron & ironing board. Amenities.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Hotel Suites

Introduction:
A hotel suite is a luxurious type of room that offers more space and amenities than a standard hotel room. In this lesson, we will learn about the features and benefits of hotel suites, as well as the different types of suites available.

Section 1: What is a Hotel Suite?

A hotel suite is a spacious and elegant room that typically includes a living area, bedroom, and bathroom. Suites are designed to provide guests with extra comfort and privacy, and they often come with additional amenities such as a mini-fridge, coffee maker, and sofa bed.

Section 2: Types of Hotel Suites

There are several types of hotel suites, including:

1. Junior Suite: A junior suite is a smaller version of a full suite. It usually includes a separate living area, a bedroom, and a bathroom.

2. Executive Suite: An executive suite is designed for business travelers who need a place to work during their stay. It typically includes a desk, high-speed internet access, and a conference table.

3. Presidential Suite: A presidential suite is the most luxurious type of suite. It usually includes multiple bedrooms, a dining area, a living room, and a large bathroom.

Section 3: Benefits of Staying in a Hotel Suite

There are several benefits to staying in a hotel suite, including:

1. More Space: Suites are designed to offer guests more space than a standard hotel room. This can be especially helpful for families or groups traveling together.

2. Additional Amenities: Suites often come with additional amenities such as a mini-fridge, coffee maker, and sofa bed. These can make your stay more comfortable and convenient.

3. Privacy: Hotel suites are typically located on the top floor of the hotel and offer more privacy than standard rooms. This can be especially helpful for couples or individuals who prefer a quieter environment.

Section 4: Conclusion

In conclusion, hotel suites offer guests more space, privacy, and amenities than standard hotel rooms. By understanding the different types of suites and their benefits, you can make an informed decision about which type of suite is right for your next stay.


text: In this subject, the principles and elements of design and colour theories will be examined. An introduction to drawing, collage and painting with be presented and you will be able to test ideas in the production of original works of art. A brief history of imaging making will be described along with the self-transformative nature of the creative arts. The subject involves an investigation of how artists exercise creative imagination to make culturally significant or insightful works which make a contribution to human understanding.. Note: Minor variations might occur due to the continuous Subject quality improvement process, and in case of minor variation(s) in assessment details, the Subject Outline represents the latest official information.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Visual Arts

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Visual arts refer to the creation of images or objects that are aesthetically pleasing and meaningful. It is an umbrella term that includes various forms of artistic expression such as painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, and digital art.

### Section 2: Practical Examples
Visual arts can be used to express emotions, tell stories, or convey messages. For example, a painter might create a landscape painting to capture the beauty of nature, while a photographer might take a picture of a person to tell their story.

### Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Visual arts have been used throughout history to communicate important events or ideas. For instance, during the Renaissance period, artists created paintings that depicted religious scenes to teach people about their faith.

### Section 4: Self-Debating Discussions
What role do visual arts play in society? How have they changed over time? What impact do they have on our lives?

### Glossary
- Visual arts: A term that encompasses all forms of artistic expression that involve the creation of images or objects.
- Aesthetics: The branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of beauty and taste.
- Imagery: The use of images or pictures to convey meaning or tell a story.
- Representation: The act of depicting or portraying something visually.
- Symbolism: The use of symbols to represent ideas or concepts.

### Conclusion
Understanding visual arts is essential for appreciating the beauty and complexity of the world around us. By studying this subject, we can learn how to analyze and interpret artwork, as well as develop our own creative talents. Whether you are interested in painting, sculpture, photography, or any other form of visual art, there is something for everyone in this fascinating field.


text: Four.. WASHINGTON - President Barack Obama is going to force people to pay home health care workers more money.. The president has announced new Labor Department rules that will require those workers to be paid minimum wage, plus overtime.. Currently 29 states don't require minimum wage and overtime for home health care workers.. There are nearly 2 million such workers nationwide, and the presidents says that number will only grow as the population ages...ruary....... Mixed

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Minimum Wage and Overtime Laws

**Introduction:**
In this lesson, we will learn about minimum wage and overtime laws in the United States. We will explore who is covered by these laws, how they are enforced, and what happens when they are violated. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the importance of minimum wage and overtime laws and how they impact the lives of millions of American workers.

**Section 1: What are Minimum Wage and Overtime Laws?**
Minimum wage laws require employers to pay their employees a certain amount of money per hour worked. Overtime laws require employers to pay their employees time-and-a-half for every hour worked beyond 40 hours in a week. These laws are designed to protect workers from being exploited by unscrupulous employers who might try to take advantage of them.

**Section 2: Who is Covered by Minimum Wage and Overtime Laws?**
Not all workers are covered by minimum wage and overtime laws. Some workers, such as agricultural workers, domestic workers, and independent contractors, are exempt from these laws. However, most workers in the United States are covered by these laws.

**Section 3: How are Minimum Wage and Overtime Laws Enforced?**
The U.S. Department of Labor is responsible for enforcing minimum wage and overtime laws. The department conducts investigations and audits to ensure that employers are complying with these laws. If an employer is found to be in violation of these laws, the department can issue fines and penalties.

**Section 4: What Happens when Minimum Wage and Overtime Laws are Violated?**
When minimum wage and overtime laws are violated, employers can face serious consequences. They may be fined and penalized by the government, and they may also face legal action from their employees. In some cases, employers may even be forced to pay back wages to their employees.

**Section 5: Practical Examples using Mathematical Abstractions and Real-World Scenarios**
Let's say that you work 40 hours per week at a rate of $10 per hour. According to minimum wage laws, you should be earning $400 per week ($10 x 40 hours). However, your employer is not paying you overtime for the extra 10 hours that you work each week. This means that you are owed $50 per week in overtime pay ($10 x 5 hours), for a total of $450 per week.

Now let's say that you are an employer who has 10 employees working 40 hours per week at $10 per hour. If you don't pay them overtime, you are saving $200 per week ($10 x 20 hours). However, if you do pay them overtime, you will be spending an additional $200 per week ($10 x 20 hours).

**Section 6: Self-Debating Discussions to Teach Critical Thinking**
Do you think that minimum wage and overtime laws are necessary? Why or why not?

If you were an employer, would you pay your employees minimum wage and overtime? Why or why not?

**Conclusion:**
In conclusion, minimum wage and overtime laws play a crucial role in protecting the rights of American workers. By understanding these laws and their implications, we can better appreciate the importance of fair labor practices and the impact they have on our lives.


text: Week 8: Your final story. Introduction. Transcript. Having learned some of the benefits of giving feedback on the work of your fellow writers, and some techniques for doing so, now is the time to test those skills.. After finishing your final story, and giving and receiving feedback from fellow writers, you’ll have a chance to reflect on the main tools introduced during the course – those to do with creating characters, portraying characters, and turning characters into short stories. And you’ll reflect on how you used your reading, your notebook, and your powers of observation.. You’ll consider all of this – and where next to go with your writing.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Giving Feedback in Writing

**Introduction**

Giving feedback is an essential part of the writing process. It helps writers improve their work, identify areas that need more attention, and receive constructive criticism from their peers. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of giving feedback in writing and how it can help writers develop their skills.

**Section 1: The Benefits of Giving Feedback**

Giving feedback on someone's work has several benefits. Firstly, it allows writers to see their work from a different perspective, which can help them identify areas that need improvement. Secondly, receiving feedback can help writers understand how others perceive their work, which can lead to better communication and collaboration among team members. Finally, giving feedback can also help writers learn from others' mistakes, avoiding common pitfalls in their own writing.

**Section 2: Techniques for Giving Feedback**

There are several techniques for giving effective feedback. One approach is to use the "sandwich method," where positive comments are sandwiched between negative ones. Another approach is to focus on specific aspects of the writing, such as grammar, punctuation, or sentence structure. Additionally, it's essential to be clear and concise when giving feedback, providing specific examples and avoiding vague or general comments.

**Section 3: Reflecting on the Course**

After completing the course, writers should reflect on what they have learned about creating characters, portraying characters, and turning characters into short stories. They should consider how they used their reading, notebook, and powers of observation to develop their writing skills. This reflection will help writers identify areas where they excelled and areas where they need to improve.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, giving feedback is an essential part of the writing process. It helps writers improve their work, identify areas that need more attention, and receive constructive criticism from their peers. By using techniques such as the sandwich method or focusing on specific aspects of the writing, writers can give effective feedback. Finally, reflecting on the course and identifying areas for improvement will help writers continue to develop their skills.

**Glossary**

- **Feedback:** Comments or suggestions given to a writer to help them improve their work.
- **Constructive criticism:** Positive feedback that also includes suggestions for improvement.
- **Specific examples:** Examples that illustrate a point or provide evidence for a claim.
- **Vague or general comments:** Comments that are not specific or concrete.
- **Reflection:** The process of thinking about and evaluating one's learning experience.
- **Notebook:** A book or journal used for recording notes, ideas, and observations.
- **Powers of observation:** The ability to notice details and make accurate observations.

**Self-Debate Discussion**

Is giving feedback always easy? Why or why not? What challenges might arise when giving feedback, and how can they be overcome?


text: So it is evident that Arby’s fast food chain puts a ton of money into market research. Apparently, burgers are the in thing. To promote the addition of three roastburgers to the Arby’s menu, the wizards of Sandy Springs have decided to give people free samples between now and March 9.. The roastburger is just Arby’s answer to the hamburger). Despite my cynicism, I’m not one to turn down basically free food. Contrary to misinformation, you don’t have to say anything stupid to get your burger; what you do have to do is bring this coupon and buy a drink.. Find an Arby’s near you by clicking here.. Technorati Tags: deals,free stuff,free burgers,giveaways,arby’s,burgers,burger joints

textbook:
**Lesson:** Introduction to Market Research and Business Strategy

**Section 1: Introduction**

Market research is the process of gathering information about consumers' needs and wants, and then using that information to make better business decisions. It is an important part of any business strategy because it helps companies understand their target audience and make informed decisions about product development, pricing, promotion, and distribution.

**Section 2: Understanding Consumer Behavior**

To conduct effective market research, businesses must first understand consumer behavior. This includes studying how people make purchasing decisions, what influences those decisions, and what motivates them to buy certain products or services. By understanding these behaviors, businesses can tailor their marketing efforts to appeal to specific customer segments.

**Section 3: Analyzing Competitors**

Another important aspect of market research is analyzing competitors. By studying the strategies and tactics used by other businesses in the same industry, companies can identify gaps in the market and develop unique selling propositions that differentiate them from their competitors.

**Section 4: Applying Market Research to Business Strategy**

Once a company has gathered and analyzed market research data, it can use this information to develop a business strategy that aligns with its goals and objectives. This may involve adjusting product offerings, pricing structures, or marketing efforts to better meet the needs of the target audience.

**Conclusion**

Market research is a crucial component of any successful business strategy. By understanding consumer behavior and analyzing competitors, companies can make informed decisions that drive growth and profitability. By applying the concepts learned in this lesson, students will be well-prepared to think critically about business strategies and make data-driven decisions.

**Glossary**
- Market research: The process of gathering information about consumers' needs and wants to make better business decisions.
- Consumer behavior: The study of how people make purchasing decisions and what influences those decisions.
- Competitor analysis: The process of studying the strategies and tactics used by other businesses in the same industry.