text:
India Inc on Tuesday pressed for keeping GST at a maximum 18 per cent while e-commerce firms sought to be kept out of the new regime, as state finance ministers began consultations on deciding the rate for the unified nation-wide indirect tax.

They also demanded relaxation in penal provisions while admitting that April 1, 2017, deadline will be tough as they need sufficient time to put in place the IT infrastructure.

"A lot will depend on the timing of rules and notifications. (About April 2017), it looks difficult," Ficci said.

ALSO READ: Arun Jaitley says logical to expect rate cut from RBI after good monsoon

In its first meeting after Parliament cleared the landmark Goods and Services Tax (GST) Bill earlier this month, the empowered committee of state finance ministers, headed by West Bengal Finance Minister Amit Mitra, discussed the issue with industry bodies, traders and chartered accountants.

"The committee is taking (feedback) in an open and transparent manner from the businesses of India, whether they are big, medium or small. Many points were made looking at GST from the other side -- those who would be paying taxes -- as against the government which would be collecting taxes," Mitra said after the meeting.

According to India Inc, a reasonable rate will generate adequate tax buoyancy without fuelling inflation.

The constitutional amendment mandates that at least half of the 29 states and two Union Territories should ratify the Bill for its rollout. So far, 13 states have approved the legislation.

Once implemented, the national tax will subsume indirect ones like excise duty, service tax and VAT.

At today's meeting, online retailers submitted that they only provide a 'platform' to vendors and customers and do not make money out of the sales. So, companies like Flipkart, Amazon India and Snapdeal are only 'service providers' to the vendors and are liable to pay GST only on service income.

CII President Naushad Forbes said, "We believe a maximum rate of 18 per cent as the standard rate will be revenue neutral and ensure adequate tax buoyancy. Also, the Centre has agreed to a full 5-year compensation for revenue loss to states. So, 18 per cent rate will be more than adequate."

Ficci on its part suggested that the standard rate should be "reasonable" and be such that it checks inflation and tendency to evasion and ensures compliance.

"Goods fully exempted from the levy of excise duty and VAT by all the states should be categorised as exempted goods in the GST regime as well," it suggested.

As for preparedness for the GST rollout, Forbes said CII is committed to April 1 deadline and will do "everything we can to ensure we stick to the deadline".

"If we work towards that deadline and have clarity on some of the provisions as early as possible, we can ensure our own IT systems are put in place quickly so that we can go live as early as possible," Forbes said.

Assocham sought relaxations from penal and prosecution provisions during the first two years of GST launch except in the case of tax fraud or non-deposit of collected taxes.

It wanted that the Centre and states should set up a mechanism to advise traders on legal provisions arising out of the implementation.

Mitra called upon the industry to give suggestions on the quantum of penalty, saying the empowered committee and the GST Council will look at the provision of arrest and prosecutions.

The industry chambers also demanded single centralised registration of suppliers of services that operate in different states in place of multiple state-wise registrations for specific service sectors.

"The states recognised very much that certain services like telecom come under the central scheme. Under the current draft, you would need to register in each state which would make it very very cumbersome," Forbes said.

"And states were very receptive to the idea that one needs a simple, single registration. Because that won't affect revenue, it will only make a simpler and more transparent regime."

The rapidly expanding e-commerce companies made a strong pitch for keeping them out of the proposed GST ambit, but the state finance ministers appeared in no mood to oblige.

When Mitra questioned the billion dollar valuations some of the so-called online platforms command, the e-retailers said their source of revenue is advertisement on which they pay service tax.

Vendors selling goods through their portals should be liable to pay GST, they argued.

Nasscom in its representation said the sector is creating huge job opportunities and allowing small industries to sell their products.

Stating that e-commerce facilitates competition, it said one cannot avoid being in the tax bracket.

Mitra, however, said the discussions so far have concluded that the e-commerce sector is generating millions of dollar, but pay practically no taxes.

According to Mitra, consumers buying products online pay VAT, producer pays excise duty but these companies go untaxed on the pretext that the transaction is just a pass-through.

"E-commerce brings in competition, but you are also adding some value. Else how are your companies generating so much valuation?" Mitra wondered.

He felt that the issue may become a political hot potato as the end product will come under GST but the intermediary will not pay tax.

The model draft GST law has brought e-commerce under its purview. Under it, all online purchases will be taxed at the first point of transaction.

Putting e-commerce under GST is expected to solve some of the tax woes of such companies. States like Uttarakhand, Assam and Bihar recently imposed a 10 per cent entry tax on the goods sold online and there were fears that more states may follow suit.

The GST regime is seen as ending such arbitrary moves by state governments.

textbook:
# Lesson: Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India

## Introduction

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a comprehensive tax reform that was introduced in India in 2017. It replaced multiple indirect taxes levied by the central and state governments with a single, unified tax. In this lesson, we will learn about the GST, its benefits, and how it works.

## Section 1: What is the GST?

The GST is a value-added tax levied on goods and services. It is a comprehensive tax reform that was introduced in India in 2017. The GST is a single, unified tax that replaces multiple indirect taxes levied by the central and state governments.

## Section 2: Benefits of the GST

The GST has several benefits, including:

1. Simplification of the tax system: The GST simplifies the tax system by replacing multiple indirect taxes with a single, unified tax.
2. Increase in tax revenue: The GST is expected to increase tax revenue for the government.
3. Reduction in prices: The GST is expected to reduce prices of goods and services, making them more affordable for consumers.
4. Improvement in business efficiency: The GST is expected to improve business efficiency by reducing compliance costs and improving supply chain management.

## Section 3: How does the GST work?

The GST works by levying a tax on goods and services at each stage of production or distribution. The tax is collected at the point of consumption, meaning that the final consumer pays the tax. The tax is then remitted to the government by the business.

The GST is levied at four different rates: 5%, 12%, 18%, and 28%. The 5% rate applies to essential items such as food, while the 28% rate applies to luxury items such as cars.

Businesses are required to register for the GST if their annual turnover exceeds a certain threshold. Once registered, businesses must file regular returns and pay the tax owed.

## Section 4: Practical Examples

Let's consider two examples to see how the GST works in practice.

Example 1: A bakery sells bread for Rs. 100. The ingredients cost Rs. 60 to produce, and the bakery makes a profit of Rs. 40 per loaf. The GST rate on bread is 5%. The bakery will pay Rs. 5 in tax on each loaf sold.

Example 2: A car manufacturer produces cars and sells them to dealerships. The cars are then sold to consumers. The GST rate on cars is 28%. The manufacturer will pay Rs. 28,000 in tax on each car produced and sold.

## Section 5: Conclusion

In conclusion, the GST is a comprehensive tax reform that has simplified the tax system in India. It has replaced multiple indirect taxes with a single, unified tax, and is expected to increase tax revenue, reduce prices, and improve business efficiency. By understanding the principles behind the GST, we can apply this knowledge to other areas of economics and finance.


text: In Pictures: The HTC One M8 smartphone. HTC One M8 is finally here! Everyone try and act surprised!. HTC One M8 is finally here! Everyone try and act surprised!. Vodafone has turned on its 4G (LTE) network in parts of Tasmania.. Vodafone Australia is extending the availability of its $5 per day international roaming offer to the small and medium business (SMB) sector.. Optus has reported that its Sydney- and Newcastle-based live network test sites recorded an aggregate throughput maximum of 2.3 gigabits per second (Gbps).. Telecommunications provider, Vodafone, has switched on its 4G network in Canberra, more than eight months after its initial Australian launch in July last year.. Nokia’s budget phablet, the Lumia 1320, is being sold in Australia through both Telstra and Vodafone, although the latter offers a significantly cheaper base plan.. Telecommunications..

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Telecommunications

## Section 1: What is Telecommunications?
Telecommunications refers to the transmission of information or signals over long distances, usually through electronic means. It involves the use of technologies such as telephones, internet, and television to communicate with people or devices from one location to another.

## Section 2: How does Telecommunications work?
Telecommunications works by converting information into electrical signals, which are then transmitted through cables, satellites, or wireless networks. These signals are received by another device, which converts them back into understandable information.

## Section 3: Types of Telecommunications Technologies
There are several types of telecommunications technologies, including:

1. Wired communication: This involves the use of cables or wires to transmit information. Examples include telephone lines and Ethernet cables.

2. Wireless communication: This involves the use of radio waves or other electromagnetic radiation to transmit information without the need for physical connections. Examples include Wi-Fi and cellular networks.

3. Satellite communication: This involves the use of satellites to relay information between two distant locations. Examples include satellite TV and GPS systems.

## Section 4: Applications of Telecommunications
Telecommunications has many applications in our daily lives, including:

1. Mobile phones: These allow us to communicate with others from anywhere in the world.

2. Internet: This allows us to access information and communicate with others online.

3. Television: This provides entertainment and news from around the world.

4. Radio: This provides music, news, and talk shows to listeners.

## Section 5: Importance of Telecommunications
Telecommunications plays a crucial role in our society, as it enables us to stay connected with others and access information from anywhere in the world. It has revolutionized the way we communicate and has had a significant impact on our economy, culture, and social interactions.

## Conclusion
In conclusion, telecommunications is an essential part of our lives, allowing us to stay connected with others and access information from anywhere in the world. By understanding the basics of telecommunications and its applications, we can appreciate the importance of this field and its potential for future advancements.


text: Order a Website. Are you ready to order a website?. We create websites. Before we can start to design and build your website, we first need to understand your business objectives, target audiences, and catch all your preferences and needs. All your ideas will be taken into consideration and we will do our best in order to create a perfect site for you. Our team is here for you! We use tomorrow’s technologies and. Web Design. What Makes Website Design So Important?. Often, your website is the first thing your clients sees, so it’s important that it is well designed, making for a seamless and clear experience for both current and potential clients. From trust and search engine ranking, to revenue and first impressions – web design can either make or break your business. At WEBUS.MD, we can help you create a corporate website that you can. SEO Services.

textbook:
**Lesson: How to Order a Website**

**Introduction**

In today's digital age, having an online presence is crucial for any business. A website is a powerful tool that can help you reach a wider audience, showcase your products or services, and even increase your revenue. But before you can start enjoying the benefits of having a website, you need to order one. In this lesson, we will guide you through the process of ordering a website, from choosing a web designer to launching your site.

**Section 1: Choosing a Web Designer**

The first step in ordering a website is to choose a web designer. A web designer is a professional who creates and designs websites. They can help you bring your vision to life and create a website that is both visually appealing and functional. Here are some things to consider when choosing a web designer:

- Portfolio: Look at the designer's portfolio to see if their work matches your style and preferences.
- Experience: Choose a designer with experience in your industry or with similar websites.
- Communication: Make sure the designer is easy to communicate with and responsive to your needs.
- Pricing: Compare prices to find a designer that fits your budget without sacrificing quality.

**Section 2: Communicating Your Needs**

Once you have chosen a web designer, it's time to communicate your needs and preferences. This includes everything from the color scheme to the functionality of the website. Here are some things to consider:

- Branding: If you have a specific brand image, make sure the designer understands and can incorporate it into the website.
- Navigation: Determine how you want the website to be navigated, including the menu structure and links.
- Content: Provide the designer with all the content you want on the website, including text, images, and videos.
- Functionality: Specify any special features you want on the website, such as a contact form or e-commerce capabilities.

**Section 3: Reviewing the Design**

After the web designer has created a draft of your website, it's time to review the design. This is your chance to provide feedback and make changes before the website is launched. Here are some things to look for:

- Layout: Check that the layout is easy to navigate and visually appealing.
- Content: Ensure that all the content is correct and in the right place.
- Functionality: Test any links or forms to make sure they work correctly.
- Mobile responsiveness: Make sure the website looks good on all devices, including mobile phones.

**Conclusion**

Ordering a website is an important step in establishing an online presence for your business. By following these steps and communicating effectively with your web designer, you can create a website that is both beautiful and functional. With a website, you can reach a wider audience, showcase your products or services, and even increase your revenue. So, what are you waiting for? Order your website today!

**Glossary**

- Web designer: A professional who creates and designs websites.
- Portfolio: A collection of a designer's previous work, used to demonstrate their skills and style.
- Functionality: The ability of a website to perform its intended functions.
- Mobile responsiveness: The ability of a website to adapt to different screen sizes and devices.


text: 72. 59. 53. 72.Read Full Review. Asus ZenFone 3 Ultra ZU680KL was launched in January 2017 & runs on Android 6.0 OS. The Smartphone is available in three color options i.e. Grey, Silver, Pink & has a built in fingerprint sensor as the primary security feature, along with the host of connectivity options in terms of 3G, 4G, GPS, Wifi Bluetooth capabilities. Priced at Rs. 19999 128 GB via a microSD card.Read More .... The Phone comes with a powerful 4600 mAh battery to support it's 6.8 inch screen with Full HD IPS LCD Capacitive touchscreen display having a resolution of 1080 x 1920 at 324 ppi. The screen is also protected by a Corning Gorilla Glass.. Asus ZenFone 3 Ultra ZU680KL 3 Ultra ZU680KL Price In India Starts From Rs.19999 The best price of Asus ZenFone 3 Ultra ZU680KL is Rs.19999 on Amazon.This Mobile Phones is expected to be available in 64GB variant(s).

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand Technical Specifications of Smartphones

Introduction:
In today's world, smartphones have become an essential part of our lives. With so many options available in the market, it can be challenging to choose the right one. To make an informed decision, it is crucial to understand the technical specifications of a smartphone. This lesson will teach you how to read and interpret the technical specifications of a smartphone, including its price, operating system, display, battery life, and connectivity options.

Section 1: Understanding Technical Specifications

Topic 1: Operating System
The operating system (OS) is the software that manages all the hardware and software components of a smartphone. It allows you to interact with your device and run applications. Some popular smartphone operating systems are Android, iOS, and Windows.

Topic 2: Display
The display is the screen on which you view information on your smartphone. It is usually measured in inches and pixels. The higher the pixel density, the sharper the image quality.

Topic 3: Battery Life
Battery life is the amount of time your smartphone can operate without needing to be charged. It is usually measured in hours and is influenced by factors such as screen brightness, usage, and temperature.

Topic 4: Connectivity Options
Connectivity options refer to the ways in which you can connect your smartphone to other devices or networks. These include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS, and cellular data.

Section 2: Analyzing Technical Specifications

Question: How do I know if a smartphone's operating system is up-to-date?
Answer: You can check the smartphone's specification sheet to see if it is compatible with the latest version of its operating system. If it is, you can update it to the latest version.

Question: What is a good battery life for a smartphone?
Answer: A good battery life depends on your usage habits and preferences. Generally, a battery life of 8-12 hours is considered good.

Question: What is the difference between Wi-Fi and Bluetooth?
Answer: Wi-Fi is a wireless technology that allows you to connect your smartphone to the internet, while Bluetooth is a wireless technology that allows you to connect your smartphone to other devices such as speakers or headphones.

Section 3: Real-World Examples

Example 1: Suppose you are considering buying a new smartphone with a 6-inch display and a battery life of 10 hours. Based on this information, you can compare it to other smartphones with similar specifications to determine which one is the best fit for your needs.

Example 2: Imagine you are traveling abroad and need to stay connected to the internet. You can check the smartphone's connectivity options to ensure that it supports international data roaming or that you have purchased a local SIM card before leaving.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have learned how to read and interpret the technical specifications of a smartphone, including its operating system, display, battery life, and connectivity options. We have also applied this knowledge to real-world examples to demonstrate its practical application. By understanding these specifications, you can make an informed decision when choosing a smartphone that meets your needs and budget.


text: The First Follow-up of the Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Study (B&B:93/94), was the first follow-up interview of NPSAS:93 participants who received their bachelor’s degrees between July 1992 and June 1993.13 Of 12,500 NPSAS:93 respondents who were identified as potentially eligible for the first follow-up survey, about 1,500 were determined to be ineligible. The 1994 follow-up interview collected information from respondents 1 year after they received the bachelor’s degree. A total of about 10,000 eligible individuals completed the 1994 interview. The weighted overall response rate for the B&B:93/94 interview was 92 percent. These students were also followed in 1997 (B&B:93/97). The weight used for the analysis of data from the B&B:93/97 analysis file was WTB00, which includes NPSAS:93 bachelor’s degree recipients who responded to the first 1994 B&B follow-up survey.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Surveys and Data Analysis

#### Section 1: Introduction to Surveys

A survey is a research method used to collect data from a sample of people. Surveys can be conducted in person, by phone, or online. They are useful for gathering information about people's opinions, behaviors, or characteristics.

#### Section 2: Data Analysis

Data analysis is the process of cleaning, transforming, and modeling data to discover useful information and support decision-making. It involves using statistical techniques to summarize, describe, and evaluate data.

#### Section 3: Applying Survey Data to Real-World Scenarios

Survey data can be used to make informed decisions in various fields, such as politics, business, and healthcare. For example, a company may use survey data to understand its customers' preferences and improve its products or services. In healthcare, survey data can help identify health disparities and develop targeted interventions.

#### Glossary

- Sample: A group of people selected to participate in a survey
- Weight: A factor used to adjust survey results to represent the entire population
- Response rate: The percentage of eligible individuals who completed the survey

#### Conclusion

Understanding surveys and data analysis is essential in today's data-driven world. By learning how to collect, analyze, and interpret data, you can make informed decisions and contribute to a better understanding of the world around us.


text: Brenner is nothing more that an obese man who needs to have "Win a date with Me" contests just he can get a date. He is a flake and the city will be on step closer to enlightenment when he leaves. Art is like custard, your preference is your preference, but don't push your favorites onto me. I have my own.

textbook:
Core Value: Critical Thinking

Lesson: How to Develop Critical Thinking Skills

Introduction: Critical thinking is the process of evaluating information to make informed decisions. It is a vital skill that helps us understand complex problems, solve them effectively, and make better choices in our daily lives. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of critical thinking, its benefits, and how to develop critical thinking skills.

Section 1: Importance of Critical Thinking

Topic 1: Understanding Complex Problems
- Critical thinking helps us understand complex problems by breaking them down into smaller parts.
- By analyzing each part, we can identify patterns and relationships that help us understand the problem better.
- This allows us to make informed decisions based on evidence rather than assumptions or opinions.

Topic 2: Making Informed Decisions
- Critical thinking helps us make informed decisions by considering all available options.
- We evaluate each option based on its merits and drawbacks.
- This helps us choose the best course of action that aligns with our goals and values.

Topic 3: Solving Problems Effectively
- Critical thinking helps us solve problems effectively by identifying the root cause of the problem.
- Once we understand the cause, we can develop solutions that address the problem at its source.
- This saves time and resources in the long run.

Section 2: Benefits of Critical Thinking

Topic 1: Improved Judgment
- Critical thinking improves our judgment by helping us distinguish between good and bad information.
- We learn to question sources of information and evaluate their credibility.
- This helps us make better decisions based on reliable data.

Topic 2: Enhanced Creativity
- Critical thinking enhances creativity by encouraging us to think outside the box.
- When we analyze information critically, we often discover new perspectives and ideas.
- This expands our imagination and helps us generate innovative solutions.

Topic 3: Better Communication
- Critical thinking improves communication skills by helping us articulate our thoughts clearly.
- We learn to organize our thoughts logically and present them persuasively.
- This helps us communicate more effectively with others.

Section 3: Developing Critical Thinking Skills

Topic 1: Active Listening
- Active listening involves paying attention to the speaker, asking clarifying questions, and summarizing their points.
- This helps us understand the speaker's message accurately and respond appropriately.
- Practice active listening in your daily conversations to improve your critical thinking skills.

Topic 2: Analyzing Information
- Analyzing information involves breaking it down into smaller parts and examining each part closely.
- Look for patterns, relationships, and inconsistencies in the information.
- Ask yourself questions about the information to gain a deeper understanding.

Topic 3: Evaluating Evidence
- Evaluating evidence involves assessing the credibility of sources and the reliability of data.
- Consider the source's expertise, motive, and track record.
- Evaluate the quality of the data presented and its relevance to the topic.

Conclusion: Critical thinking is a valuable skill that helps us make informed decisions, solve problems effectively, and communicate more clearly. By developing critical thinking skills, we can improve our judgment, creativity, and communication abilities. Apply these skills to new problems and challenges to achieve success in various areas of life.

Glossary:
- Critical thinking: The process of evaluating information to make informed decisions.
- Informed decisions: Choices based on evidence rather than assumptions or opinions.
- Root cause: The underlying reason for a problem.
- Credibility: The quality of being trustworthy or believable.
- Reliability: The quality of being dependable or consistent.
- Expertise: Specialized knowledge or skill in a particular area.
- Motive: A reason for acting or behaving in a certain way.
- Track record: A record of achievements or failures in a particular area.


text:
Partitioning of chlorinated organic compounds from dense non-aqueous phase liquids and contaminated soils from lindane production wastes to the aqueous phase.
Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and mainly the γ-HCH isomer, namely lindane, were extensively produced and used as pesticides. Huge amounts of wastes, solids and liquids, were disposed of in the surroundings of the production sites. The liquid residuum was a complex mixture of chlorinated organic compounds, COCs, from chlorobenzene to heptachlorocyclohexane. This Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid, DNAPL, migrated by density through the subsurface to greater depths, being trapped or adsorbed into the soil in this movement posing a significant risk to the groundwater. Knowledge of the partitioning in water of COCs in DNAPL is a key issue to determine its fate in the environment. However, there are no data in literature for the partitioning and/or solubility of many of the COCs in this DNAPL, such as pentachlorocyclohexene, hexachlorocyclohexene and heptachlorocyclohexane despite them constitute about 13-30% of the mole fraction of the DNAPLs. In this work, the partitioning to water of COCs in free and those adsorbed onto soil has been studied. In addition, measured and predicted aqueous concentrations of each COC in the DNAPL mixture have been compared. To do this, the solubility of a compound that is a solid crystal when pure at P = 298 K and P = 1 atm has been evaluated considering the approach of sub-cooled liquid state of solid organochlorines. Samples were obtained at Sabiñanigo landfills and soils used had several grain sizes. Transformation in alkaline media of COCs had a positive environmental impact.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Partitioning of Chlorinated Organic Compounds in the Environment

Introduction:
Chlorinated organic compounds (COCs) are a group of chemicals that contain one or more chlorine atoms bonded to a carbon atom. These compounds are commonly used as pesticides, solvents, and other industrial chemicals. However, when these compounds are released into the environment, they can pose a significant risk to human health and the ecosystem. In this lesson, we will learn about the partitioning of COCs in the environment, specifically in dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) and contaminated soils.

Section 1: What is Partitioning?
Partitioning is the process by which a substance divides itself into two or more parts. In the context of COCs, partitioning refers to the separation of these compounds into different phases, such as water, soil, or air. This process is important because it determines the fate and transport of COCs in the environment.

Section 2: Why is Partitioning Important?
Understanding the partitioning of COCs is crucial for predicting their behavior in the environment. This information can help scientists and engineers design effective remediation strategies to clean up contaminated sites and prevent further contamination. Additionally, knowing the partitioning properties of COCs can help us understand their potential risks to human health and the ecosystem.

Section 3: How do COCs Partition in DNAPLs?
COCs in DNAPLs can partition into two phases: the liquid phase and the solid phase (soil). The partitioning of COCs in DNAPLs is influenced by several factors, including the chemical structure of the compound, temperature, pH, and the presence of other chemicals. Generally, COCs with higher molecular weights and more chlorine atoms tend to have higher partitioning coefficients, meaning they are more likely to remain in the DNAPL rather than partitioning into water.

Section 4: How do COCs Partition in Contaminated Soils?
COCs in contaminated soils can also partition into two phases: the liquid phase and the solid phase (soil). The partitioning of COCs in contaminated soils is influenced by similar factors as in DNAPLs, but the effect of soil properties, such as organic matter content and soil type, also play a role. Generally, COCs with higher molecular weights and more chlorine atoms tend to have higher partitioning coefficients, meaning they are more likely to remain in the soil rather than partitioning into water.

Section 5: Conclusion
Understanding the partitioning of COCs in the environment is essential for predicting their behavior and designing effective remediation strategies. By studying the partitioning of COCs in DNAPLs and contaminated soils, we can gain valuable insights into their potential risks to human health and the ecosystem. Additionally, this knowledge can help us develop better methods for cleaning up contaminated sites and preventing future contamination.


text:
Q:

International bonds, currency differences, and effect of inflation on such bonds?

Country X's national government purchases country Y's government-issued bonds. Would the bonds be issued in country Y's currency?
How does inflation (of either country's currency) factor into this, especially when the bonds mature, say, 10 years later?

A:

As usual on a marketplace - depends on the buyers and sellers. Any country would love its bonds to be denominated in its own currency. However, the bond buyers need to trust the currency the bonds issued in, otherwise they wouldn't invest.
Bond terms vary as well. Some have fixed interest, some variable, some promise inflation adjustments, some don't. Again - whatever the buyers and the sellers can agree upon.
In the US for example, the bonds are denominated in the US dollars, own currency. Some bonds have inflation protection (as mentioned by JB King). However, in Greece, the bonds are denominated in EUR, which is the currency used in Greece, but not controlled by Greece. In Russia, bonds are denominated in EUR or USD, neither is used nor controlled by the Russians. Similarly most of the world uses USD or EUR for international transactions with very rare exceptions. Thus the country's inflation doesn't affect the bond value (the US/EUR inflation does, though).

textbook:
Lesson: International Bond Investment

Introduction:
Investing in international bonds can be a great way to diversify your portfolio and earn higher returns. However, there are several factors to consider before making an investment, including currency differences, inflation risks, and the issuing currency of the bonds.

Currency Differences:
When investing in international bonds, you need to be aware of currency fluctuations. Bonds are typically issued in the currency of the country that issued them. Therefore, if you are investing in bonds from Country X and they are issued in Country Y's currency, you will need to convert the interest payments back to your home currency. This can result in currency exchange fees and potential losses due to exchange rate fluctuations.

Inflation Risks:
Inflation is another factor to consider when investing in international bonds. If the currency of the country where you are investing is experiencing high inflation rates, the value of your investment may decrease over time. Additionally, if the bond's interest rate is fixed, the real return on your investment may be negative if inflation is higher than the stated interest rate.

Issuing Currency:
The currency in which the bonds are issued is also an important consideration. Some investors prefer to invest in bonds issued in their home currency, while others may prefer to diversify their portfolio by investing in bonds issued in foreign currencies. Ultimately, the decision will depend on your investment goals and risk tolerance.

Conclusion:
Investing in international bonds can be a great way to diversify your portfolio and earn higher returns. However, it is essential to consider currency differences, inflation risks, and the issuing currency of the bonds before making an investment. By carefully evaluating these factors, you can make an informed decision about whether international bond investment is right for you.

Glossary:
- Currency: The money used in a particular country
- Exchange rate: The value of one country's currency relative to another country's currency
- Inflation: The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising and, consequently, the purchasing power of currency is falling
- Bond: A fixed-interest security issued by a government or corporation
- Interest: The amount of money paid by a borrower to a lender for the use of the lender's money
- Yield: The percentage rate of return on an investment, calculated by dividing the annual interest payments by the initial investment cost.


text: Programs. Allround Styling. Artemis Styling Academie Amsterdam. - Degree. Allround Styling is a 4 year Bachelor program that trains students to become allround styling experts.. During the allround styling program you will learn about all aspects of the styling profession. After the course you are fully equipped for a successful career in the dynamic world of styling. You will specialize in visualizing trends, forecasting and creating styling concepts. You will be able to make connections between the developments in the areas fashion, food, media and interior decorating. Your professionalism will be characterized by your practical knowledge of marketing, event management, photo styling and other operational aspects of the styling industry.. Admission requirementsPlease enquire. More information about Bachelor Admission

textbook:
Lesson: How to Choose a Styling Program

Introduction
In this lesson, we will explore the key factors to consider when choosing a styling program. We will cover the importance of researching programs, understanding admission requirements, and evaluating the curriculum to ensure that it meets your needs and goals. By the end of this lesson, you will have a better understanding of what to look for in a styling program and how to make an informed decision about your education.

Section 1: Researching Programs
The first step in choosing a styling program is to research various options. This includes looking at the reputation of the school or program, the location, and the cost of tuition. You should also look at the curriculum and the courses offered to ensure that they align with your interests and goals.

Questions to Ask:
- What is the reputation of the school or program?
- Is the location convenient for you?
- What is the cost of tuition?
- What is the curriculum and what courses are offered?

Section 2: Understanding Admission Requirements
Before applying to a styling program, it's essential to understand the admission requirements. These may include prerequisites, standardized test scores, and a portfolio or audition. Make sure you meet these requirements before applying to avoid disappointment.

Questions to Ask:
- What are the admission requirements for the program?
- Do I meet these requirements?

Section 3: Evaluating the Curriculum
Once you have researched the programs and understood the admission requirements, it's time to evaluate the curriculum. Look for programs that offer a well-rounded education that covers all aspects of styling. This includes visualizing trends, forecasting, and creating styling concepts, as well as marketing, event management, and photo styling.

Questions to Ask:
- Does the curriculum cover all aspects of styling?
- Are there opportunities for hands-on learning and internships?
- Is there a focus on practical skills or theoretical knowledge?

Conclusion
Choosing a styling program is an important decision that will impact your future career. By researching programs, understanding admission requirements, and evaluating the curriculum, you can make an informed decision about your education. With a strong foundation in styling, you will be well-prepared for a successful career in the dynamic world of styling.

Glossary
- Styling: The art of coordinating and arranging items to create an aesthetically pleasing composition.
- Visualizing: The process of creating a mental image or concept.
- Forecasting: The process of predicting future trends.
- Concept: A general idea or notion.
- Marketing: The activity and process of creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.
- Event Management: The process of planning, coordinating, and executing events.
- Photo Styling: The art of arranging objects and accessories in a photograph to create a visually appealing composition.

[Note: This lesson is intended for primary through high school students.]


text: News. Carrefour To Unveil Its First Store In JilinMarch 6, 2007 | By ChinaRetailNews.com Editor |. Carrefour, the world's second largest retailer, has reached an agreement with New World Living Mall in Changchun, Jilin Province and has planned to open its first store in Jilin within this year.. Located in the underground area of the New World Living Mall, the new Carrefour store will cover an area of 13000 sqm, providing more than 30000 kinds of goods and 700 free parking lots. It is estimated that the Carrefour New World Store in Changchun will receive over 10000 customers each day.. Gu Feiya, vice president of Carrefour China, says that the New World Living Mall is a powerful partner because it is a great shopping plaza in Changchun that has combined entertainment with shopping.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Retail Business

## Section 1: What is Retail Business?

**Retail business** refers to the activity of selling goods or services directly to consumers through multiple channels such as stores, websites, or mobile apps. Retailing is an essential part of the supply chain that connects producers and end-users.

## Section 2: Understanding the Retail Industry

The retail industry is highly competitive and constantly evolving due to changing consumer preferences, technological advancements, and economic conditions. Retailers need to adapt their strategies to stay relevant and profitable. Some common retail formats include convenience stores, supermarkets, department stores, and specialty stores.

## Section 3: Types of Retail Stores

There are several types of retail stores based on their size, product range, and target audience. These include:

1. Convenience stores: Small-sized stores that sell everyday essentials such as groceries, snacks, and household items.
2. Supermarkets: Large-sized stores that sell a wide range of products including food, personal care items, and household goods.
3. Department stores: Large-sized stores that sell a variety of products such as clothing, electronics, and home furnishings under different brand names.
4. Specialty stores: Stores that focus on selling a specific type of product or service, such as sports equipment or gadgets.

## Section 4: Importance of Retail Stores

Retail stores play a crucial role in the economy by providing jobs, generating tax revenue, and supporting local businesses. They also help manufacturers and wholesalers distribute their products to end-users. Additionally, retail stores offer consumers the convenience of buying goods and services at their doorstep or nearby locations.

## Section 5: Retail Trends

Retail trends change frequently due to factors such as consumer behavior, technological advancements, and economic conditions. Some current trends include:

1. Omnichannel retailing: Integrating online and offline channels to provide seamless shopping experiences to customers.
2. Personalization: Tailoring products and services to individual customer preferences using data analytics and artificial intelligence.
3. Sustainability: Incorporating eco-friendly practices in product design, packaging, and distribution to reduce environmental impact.

## Section 6: Conclusion

Understanding the retail industry and its various aspects can help individuals make informed decisions when shopping, investing, or starting a business. By keeping up with the latest trends and adapting to changes, retailers can stay competitive and meet the evolving needs of their customers.


text:
As a trolley-type truck of this kind, one shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. S63-35102 (Patent Literature 1) and the like can be cited.
In the trolley-type truck of Patent Literature 1, a dump truck used for ore transportation in a large-scale mine is described, and it is described that the dump truck travels by a generator driven by an engine in the non-trolley mode, and travels by external electric power by collecting electricity through a double-track type overhead wire by a pair of pantographs mounted on the truck in the trolley mode. Also, in the Patent Literature, an invention is described in which the pantograph is immediately descended when the pantograph deviates from the overhead wire.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding Patent Literature

Introduction:
Patent literature is a collection of published patent applications and issued patents. It provides valuable information about inventions and innovations in various fields such as science, technology, engineering, and medicine. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand patent literature.

Section 1: Understanding the Basics of Patent Literature

Topic 1: What is Patent Literature?
Patent literature refers to the written documentation that describes an invention or a process that has been patented. It contains information about the invention, its purpose, how it works, and its benefits.

Topic 2: Types of Patent Literature
There are two types of patent literature: provisional and non-provisional. A provisional patent application is an initial filing that allows the inventor to claim priority to the invention. A non-provisional patent application is a complete application that includes a detailed description of the invention, its drawings, and claims.

Topic 3: Reading Patent Documents
Patent documents are written in legalese, which means they use technical language and complex sentence structures. It is essential to read these documents carefully and understand the terminology used. You may also need to consult a glossary of patent terms if you come across unfamiliar words.

Section 2: Analyzing Patent Literature

Topic 1: Understanding the Invention
To understand the invention described in the patent literature, you need to read the entire document carefully. Pay attention to the following elements:

- Abstract: This section provides a brief overview of the invention.
- Detailed Description: This section contains a more detailed explanation of the invention, including its components, functions, and operation.
- Claims: These are the legal statements that define the scope of the patent protection.

Topic 2: Identifying the Problem Solved
The problem solved by the invention should be identified from the patent document. Look for phrases that indicate the problem or need that the invention addresses.

Topic 3: Comparing Inventions
Comparing inventions involves analyzing the differences between two or more patent documents. This can help you identify unique features of each invention and determine which one is more suitable for your needs.

Section 3: Applying Patent Literature

Topic 1: Using Patent Literature for Research
Patent literature can be a valuable resource for research in various fields. By reading patent documents, you can gain insights into the state of the art in a particular technology or area of research.

Topic 2: Using Patent Literature for Business
Patent literature can provide valuable information about competitors' products and technologies. By analyzing patent documents, you can identify potential areas for innovation and differentiation.

Topic 3: Using Patent Literature for Innovation
Patent literature can inspire new ideas and innovations. By reading patent documents, you can identify gaps in the market and opportunities for new products or services.

Conclusion:
Understanding patent literature is an essential skill for anyone involved in research, business, or innovation. By learning how to read and analyze patent documents, you can gain valuable insights into inventions and innovations in various fields. By applying this knowledge, you can make informed decisions and contribute to the advancement of science, technology, engineering, and medicine.

Glossary:
- Patent Literature: A collection of published patent applications and issued patents
- Provisional Patent Application: An initial filing that allows the inventor to claim priority to the invention
- Non-Provisional Patent Application: A complete application that includes a detailed description of the invention, its drawings, and claims
- Legalese: Technical language and complex sentence structures used in legal documents.


text: With over 20,000 nuclear warheads, territory spanning 1/7 of the globe's land mass, and 150 million people, Russia is surely one of the states in which developments could most directly affect the lives and liberties of Americans and citizens of other countries. In this course, students will examine the driving forces of Russian politics and weigh competing theoretical "lenses" that can be used to interpret Russian political behavior. What drove the USSR to democratize and collapse and why did the community of experts fail so completely to predict it? Why has the Russian economy been so troubled? Did Vladimir Putin become president in 2000 by means of fraud, or does Russia have a real democracy? What are the sources of the persistent weakness of the Russian state? These and other issues will be explored through a combination of lectures, readings and in-class exercises.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding Russian Politics

#### Section 1: Introduction to Russian Politics

Russian politics is an interesting subject to study because it involves a country with a rich history, diverse culture, and significant influence on global affairs. In this lesson, we will explore the driving forces behind Russian politics, analyze the factors that led to the collapse of the USSR, and examine the current state of the Russian economy. We will also discuss the controversy surrounding the election of Vladimir Putin as president and the sources of the weakness of the Russian state.

#### Section 2: Driving Forces of Russian Politics

There are several driving forces behind Russian politics, including its history, culture, geography, and economy. We will analyze these forces in more detail below.

**History:** Russia has a long and complex history that has shaped its politics. For example, the country has been ruled by monarchs, communists, and now a president. Its history of authoritarianism and censorship has also influenced its current political climate.

**Culture:** Russia has a rich cultural heritage, including literature, music, and art. This cultural wealth has influenced the country's politics, as different groups have used culture as a means of expression and resistance.

**Geography:** Russia is the largest country in the world, spanning almost one-seventh of the globe's landmass. Its size and location have played a significant role in its politics, as it has had to defend its borders and negotiate with neighboring countries.

**Economy:** The Russian economy has been troubled for many years, with high levels of corruption and a reliance on oil and gas exports. This has led to social and economic inequality, which has influenced the country's politics.

#### Section 3: The Collapse of the USSR

The collapse of the USSR was a significant event in world history, and it has had lasting effects on Russian politics. We will analyze the factors that led to the collapse, including economic stagnation, political repression, and the desire for greater autonomy among the member states.

**Economic Stagnation:** The USSR experienced economic stagnation in the years leading up to its collapse. This was due to a lack of innovation, inefficient central planning, and a failure to adapt to global market changes.

**Political Repression:** The USSR was known for its political repression, which included censorship, imprisonment, and exile. This repression led to resentment among the population and contributed to the collapse of the regime.

**Desire for Autonomy:** The member states of the USSR wanted greater autonomy to govern themselves and pursue their own interests. This desire for self-determination led to the dissolution of the union.

#### Section 4: The Election of Vladimir Putin and the Weakness of the Russian State

The election of Vladimir Putin as president in 2000 was controversial, with some alleging that it was achieved through fraud. We will analyze the evidence for and against this claim and discuss the state of Russian democracy today.

**Controversy Surrounding Putin's Election:** There were allegations of fraud during the 2000 presidential election in Russia, with some claiming that Putin's victory was achieved through vote-rigging and other irregularities. However, others argue that Putin's election was legitimate and that Russia has a functioning democracy.

**Sources of Russian State Weakness:** Despite its size and power, the Russian state is weak in several areas. Corruption is rampant, and the government struggles to provide basic services to its citizens. Additionally, there are tensions between the central government and regional leaders, who want greater autonomy.

#### Section 5: Conclusion

In conclusion, this lesson has provided an introduction to Russian politics, analyzed the driving forces behind it, and examined the factors that led to the collapse of the USSR. We have also discussed the controversy surrounding the election of Vladimir Putin and the weakness of the Russian state. By understanding these issues, we can better understand the complexities of Russian politics and how they impact the world around us.


text: ISO9001. We are rightly proud of the ISO 9001:2000 Certification we received in 2007. This was achieved following many months of hard work by all people within the organisation refining and developing our existing systems and management structures to ensure we met with the requirements of the certification.. With this certification it allows all of our clients to be confident in the service they receive from Ceilite..

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Quality Management Systems

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

**Topic:** What is a Quality Management System (QMS)?

**Definition:** A Quality Management System (QMS) is a set of processes, procedures, and policies that help an organization ensure that its products or services meet the needs and expectations of its customers.

**Purpose:** The purpose of a QMS is to improve the quality of products or services by identifying and addressing potential issues before they occur.

### Section 2: Practical Examples

**Topic:** How does a QMS work in practice?

**Example:** Let's say you own a bakery that produces cakes. You want to ensure that every cake you produce meets the highest standards of quality. To do this, you would implement a QMS that includes processes such as:

1. Identifying the needs and expectations of your customers
2. Establishing clear procedures for production, including ingredient sourcing, mixing, baking, and decoration
3. Implementing a system for tracking and managing customer feedback to identify areas for improvement
4. Regularly monitoring and evaluating the quality of your products to ensure they meet your standards and customer expectations
5. Continuously improving your QMS based on feedback and data analysis

By following these processes, you can ensure that your cakes meet the needs and expectations of your customers, and that any issues are identified and addressed before they become bigger problems.

### Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

**Topic:** The Benefits of a QMS

**Benefit 1:** Improved customer satisfaction - By implementing a QMS, you can ensure that your products or services meet the needs and expectations of your customers, leading to increased satisfaction and loyalty.

**Benefit 2:** Increased efficiency and cost savings - A well-implemented QMS can help you identify and address inefficiencies in your processes, leading to cost savings and increased productivity.

**Benefit 3:** Enhanced competitive advantage - By demonstrating a commitment to quality through your QMS, you can differentiate yourself from competitors and gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace.

### Glossary

| Term | Definition |
|------|------------|
| QMS | Quality Management System |
| ISO | International Organization for Standardization |
| Certification | Documentation that provides evidence of a certain quality or standard |
| Process | A series of actions or steps taken to achieve a particular result |
| Procedure | A set of instructions that outline the steps necessary to complete a specific task |
| Policy | A statement of intent and direction for achieving a particular goal |

### Conclusion

In conclusion, a Quality Management System (QMS) is a powerful tool for improving the quality of products or services. By implementing a QMS, organizations can ensure that their products or services meet the needs and expectations of their customers, while also benefiting from increased efficiency, cost savings, and competitive advantage. Whether you are a small business owner or a manager in a large corporation, understanding the principles of a QMS can help you take your organization to the next level.


text:
If you’re anything like me, then you love Speed Racer with all of your heart. Eviscerated upon release, it has come to be seen as the Wachowskis’ true masterpiece by a growing segment of those who are referred to in hushed tones as “film people.” They’ll tell you it’s actually beautiful and earnest, a pure expression of the potential of cinema without a cynical bone in its body. I am one of those film people, and I am here to tell you that it’s happening again.

Jupiter Ascending is not the quite cinematic revelation that Speed Racer was, buts its more conventional aesthetic choices are balanced with its nostalgic commitment to genre and a greater thematic richness. A space opera in the most literal of senses, it is a melodramatic love story, a wondrous tour through decadent costume and set design, and a pointed takedown of the underlying amorality of capitalism.

Summarising Jupiter Ascending is more than a little difficult, the plot initially laying the groundwork for a chosen-one teen drama, before instead shifting into the action-packed proceedings of intergalactic corporate legalese. Warring members of one of the universe’s largest family businesses fight over the deeds to the Earth, and somehow at the heart of all this is Mila Kunis’ Jupiter Jones, a poor girl still cleaning toilets every day. She is the film’s emotional heart, swept up into the drama through nothing but chance, shepherded from plot point to plot point, a cog in a machine that cares not one iota for her agency or personhood. The convoluted story and Jupiter’s passive nature are reminiscent of recurring complaints levied at your Twilights, your Divergents etc., but here the film elevates them from narrative flaws to integral thematic components. Jupiter Ascending doesn’t inherit the problems of its genre, it confronts them.

All that makes Jupiter Ascending seem like a dry affair, but the reality couldn’t be further than the truth. It’s dripping in camp, from Eddie Redmayne’s villainous drawl to the time it decides to just turn into Brazil for about five minutes. The film’s true strength is the lost art of sincerity, it embraces the inherent stupidity of its space opera universe and still commits to every single beat. Much like Lucy last year, it is smart and stupid in equal measure, celebrating its pulpy nature and never undercutting either it or its thematic ideas in order to bolster the other. I likeGuardians of the Galaxy as much as the next guy, but if the only way we’re going to get space bombast in the future is to couch it in a self-effacing layer of snarky detachment, then we’re living in a sad world indeed.

Ultimately, these are not the words I truly want to write about Jupiter Ascending. Those words would be full of spoilers, a parsing of the films specific themes and ambitions, a celebration of every campy line read and overwrought piece of set design. It is a film that demands its audience to meet it half way, and if you do, there is so much worth talking about on the side. For a film that also features Bees genetically engineered to recognise space royalty, I cannot think of a greater compliment.

Be on the right side of history, this time. Go see Jupiter Ascending, then we’ll have the right conversation.

textbook:
Lesson: The Power of Persistence

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of persisting through challenges and never giving up on our goals. We will explore how the concept of persistence applies to both personal and professional life, and how it can help us achieve success.

Section 1: Understanding Persistence

Question: What does it mean to be persistent?
Answer: Persistence refers to the ability to continue working towards a goal or objective, even when faced with obstacles or setbacks. It involves determination, resilience, and a strong sense of purpose.

Section 2: Importance of Persistence

Question: Why is persistence important?
Answer: Persistence is important because it helps us achieve our goals and overcome challenges. It allows us to stay focused on our objectives and keep pushing forward, even when things get tough. Without persistence, we may give up too easily and miss out on opportunities for growth and success.

Section 3: Examples of Persistence

Question: Can you give an example of persistence in action?
Answer: One example of persistence is the story of Thomas Edison, who famously said that he had not failed, but rather had found 10,000 ways that did not work, when asked about his many experiments with electric lightbulbs. Despite numerous setbacks, Edison continued to experiment and eventually developed a practical lightbulb that changed the world.

Section 4: Applying Persistence in Your Life

Question: How can I become more persistent in my own life?
Answer: To become more persistent, start by setting clear goals and objectives. Break down larger goals into smaller, achievable steps. When faced with obstacles, remind yourself of your ultimate goal and why it's important to you. Surround yourself with supportive people who encourage you to keep going. Finally, celebrate small victories along the way, as they will help keep you motivated and focused.

Conclusion:
Persistence is a powerful tool that can help us achieve our goals and overcome challenges. By understanding the importance of persistence and applying it to our own lives, we can unlock our full potential and achieve success. Remember to stay focused on your objectives, celebrate small victories, and never give up.


text: Den-loft stands out for the colors chosen in its architecture and decoration, where browns and wood stand out. An exquisite combination that catches the guest with its decoration.. Wanting to create an interior like they define “for a free man “. Free from stereotypes, prejudices and unnecessary things. As for restless, active, travel-loving people … With open spaces full of outside light, a large built-in wardrobe, space-saving folding sofa. A kitchen completely hidden behind the sliding facades. Creating an interior with a fantastic styling and meticulously chosen colors that perfectly allows a social media unit formed by two adults and two children or rather, the perfect den of anyone. I leave you with what is the perfect inspiration to decorate your home.. Source, credits, details and more at: oldskull.net

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Interior Design
#### Section 1: The Importance of Interior Design
Interior design is the process of enhancing the interior of a building to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment. It involves the use of color, texture, lighting, and furniture to create a space that is functional, comfortable, and visually appealing. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of interior design and how it can impact our lives.
##### Questions and Answers:
Q: Why is interior design important?
A: Interior design is important because it can improve the quality of life for occupants of a building. It can also increase property value and create a positive first impression for potential buyers or renters.
Q: How does color affect interior design?
A: Color plays a significant role in interior design because it can evoke emotions, create a mood, and influence our behavior. For example, cool colors like blue and green can create a calming effect, while warm colors like red and yellow can stimulate energy and excitement.
#### Section 2: Types of Interior Design Styles
There are many different types of interior design styles, each with its own unique characteristics and features. In this section, we will explore some of the most popular styles and their defining elements.
##### Questions and Answers:
Q: What is minimalist design?
A: Minimalist design is characterized by simplicity, clean lines, and a lack of clutter. It focuses on functionality and utilizes a limited color palette to create a serene and peaceful atmosphere.
Q: What is rustic design?
A: Rustic design incorporates natural materials like wood, stone, and leather to create a cozy and comfortable atmosphere. It often features exposed beams, rough-hewn furniture, and warm earth tones.
#### Section 3: Creating Your Own Interior Design Style
Creating your own unique interior design style is a fun and exciting process that allows you to express your personality and preferences. In this section, we will explore some tips and tricks for creating a style that is all your own.
##### Questions and Answers:
Q: How do I find my own interior design style?
A: To find your own interior design style, start by identifying your favorite colors, textures, and materials. Consider your lifestyle and the function of each room in your home. Then, experiment with different combinations until you find a look that feels authentic and personal to you.
Q: Can I mix and match different design styles?
A: Yes! You can mix and match different design styles to create a unique and eclectic look. Just make sure that the overall aesthetic is cohesive and balanced.
#### Glossary:
- Interior design: The process of enhancing the interior of a building to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment.
- Style: A particular manner or form of expression.
- Cohesive: Consistent and harmonious in design or style.
#### Conclusion:
Interior design is an exciting and creative field that allows us to express ourselves and our personalities through the spaces we inhabit. By understanding the different types of interior design styles and finding our own unique look, we can create spaces that are both functional and beautiful. Whether you prefer minimalist elegance or rustic charm, there is an interior design style for everyone.


text: Apart from Júnior, known as the maestro, five Olympic medallists were present on the football pitch. Emop President gives it a positive assessment. Around 21 thousand spectators, people who worked in the construction and their families, will be present at the stage of the Rio 2016™ Olympic and Paralympic Games Opening Ceremony

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Rio 2016 Olympics

### Section 1: Overview of the Rio 2016 Olympics

The Rio 2016 Olympics was an international multi-sport event that took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from August 5 to 21, 2016. The event was the first Olympic Games to be held in South America and the first to be held in Brazil since the 195 Pan American Games in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

### Section 2: Key Players and Events

There were several key players and events at the Rio 2016 Olympics. Some of the notable players included Usain Bolt, Michael Phelps, Simone Biles, and Serena Williams. These athletes were among the most highly anticipated competitors at the games.

Some of the notable events included track and field, swimming, gymnastics, and tennis. These events were watched by millions of viewers around the world and were some of the most exciting moments of the games.

### Section 3: Critical Thinking and Analysis

One of the most impressive aspects of the Rio 2016 Olympics was the level of competition and skill displayed by the athletes. Many of the events were extremely close, with only a few points or seconds separating the winners from the losers. This highlights the importance of critical thinking and analysis in sports.

In addition, the games also showcased the power of teamwork and collaboration. Many of the events required athletes to work together to achieve their goals, whether it was in relay races or team competitions. This emphasizes the importance of working together towards a common goal.

### Glossary
- Olympics: An international multi-sport event that takes place every four years.
- Rio de Janeiro: A city in Brazil that hosted the 2016 Olympics.
- Usain Bolt: A Jamaican sprinter who won multiple gold medals at the 2016 Olympics.
- Michael Phelps: An American swimmer who won multiple gold medals at the 2016 Olympics.
- Simone Biles: An American gymnast who won multiple gold medals at the 2016 Olympics.
- Serena Williams: An American tennis player who won multiple gold medals at the 2016 Olympics.

### Conclusion

The Rio 2016 Olympics was a remarkable event that showcased the best of athleticism and competition. By studying this event, we can learn about the importance of critical thinking, teamwork, and collaboration. We can also appreciate the dedication and hard work that goes into becoming an elite athlete.


text: University of Vermont. Vermont Sponsored Education Group Participation. In conjunction with the EPSCoR C2 grant and in collaboration with the State of Vermont Department of Information and Innovation and Department of Education offices, UVM sponsors participation in Internet2's Sponsored Education Group Participation (SEGP) program through the Vermont SEGP chapter. As a result of UVM joining SEGP, Vermont's school districts, Vermont State Colleges, private colleges, libraries, museums, and health-care services will be able to participate in and learn from similar community anchor institutions in other states. Forty states are participating in SEGP with over 66,000 connected organizations, including 7300 school districts and 3500 libraries.. The SEGP program allows expanded access to the Internet2 Network June 2011 has thirty-nine state K20 networks participating.. In addition to UVM, Vermont SEGP participants include:

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Networking

## Overview
Networking is the process of connecting two or more devices together to share information and resources. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of networking, including what it is, how it works, and why it is important. We will also explore the different types of networks and their uses.

## Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

- Define what networking is and its importance.
- Identify the different types of networks and their uses.
- Explain how networking works and the role of protocols.
- Describe the benefits and challenges of networking.

## Section 1: What is Networking?
Networking is the practice of connecting two or more devices together to share information and resources. This can include computers, printers, servers, and other devices. Networks can be small, such as a home network, or large, such as a global network of businesses and organizations.

## Section 2: Types of Networks
There are several types of networks, each with its own purpose and uses. These include:

1. Personal Area Networks (PANs): These are small networks that connect devices within a person's workspace, such as a desk or office. Examples include Bluetooth and infrared connections between devices like smartphones and laptops.

2. Local Area Networks (LANs): These are larger networks that connect devices within a single building or location. LANs are commonly used in businesses and schools to share resources like printers and files.

3. Wide Area Networks (WANs): These are large networks that connect devices over long distances, such as across cities or countries. WANs are often used by businesses to connect their multiple locations and allow employees to share resources.

4. Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs): These are networks that cover a larger area than LANs but are smaller than WANs. MANs are typically used in urban areas to connect multiple buildings and locations.

5. Wireless Networks: These are networks that use radio waves to transmit data between devices instead of cables or wires. Wireless networks can be PANs, LANs, WANs, or MANs and are becoming increasingly common due to their convenience and ease of use.

## Section 3: How Networking Works
Networking works by using protocols, which are sets of rules that devices use to communicate with each other. There are several types of protocols, including transmission control protocol (TCP), internet protocol (IP), and hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP). These protocols allow devices to send and receive data over a network, regardless of the type of network or the devices involved.

## Section 4: Benefits and Challenges of Networking
There are many benefits to networking, including:

- Improved communication: Networking allows people to communicate more easily and effectively, whether it is through email, instant messaging, or video conferencing.

- Resource sharing: Networks allow devices to share resources like printers, files, and software, reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

- Increased collaboration: Networks enable people to work together more easily, even if they are not in the same location.

However, there are also challenges to networking, such as:

- Security risks: Networks can be vulnerable to hacking and other security threats, which can lead to the loss of sensitive information or damage to systems.

- Complexity: Networks can be complex to set up and maintain, requiring specialized knowledge and equipment.

- Cost: Networking equipment and infrastructure can be expensive, especially for large networks.

## Glossary
- Network: A group of interconnected devices that share information and resources.
- Protocol: A set of rules that devices use to communicate with each other over a network.
- Personal Area Network (PAN): A small network that connects devices within a person's workspace.
- Local Area Network (LAN): A network that connects devices within a single building or location.
- Wide Area Network (WAN): A large network that connects devices over long distances.
- Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): A network that covers a larger area than LANs but is smaller than WANs.
- Wireless Network: A network that uses radio waves to transmit data between devices instead of cables or wires.

## Conclusion
Networking is an essential part of our lives, allowing us to communicate and share resources with others. By understanding the basics of networking, we can better understand how technology works and how to use it effectively. Whether you are working on a small home network or a large corporate network, the skills and knowledge you gain from this lesson will serve you well.


text: Nukeproof launch 2014 – Two days in a Basque (country)…. Barney’s Nukeproofing continues (Premier content). Barney’s Nukeproofing continues (Premier content). Looking for a rad hardtail? Here’s a pick of our favourites from Eurobike 2014…. Friday’s here and the weekend’s knocking on the door. Let’s peruse the Fresh Goods while we plan some rides yeah?. These popular trail bikes have been upsized to 27.5in.. …plus your chance to bag a bargain ex-demo bike from Lapierre, Ghost, Nukeproof, Ragley and NS Bikes. Plus a pair of dirt jump bikes, some tidy pedals, carbon bars and an angleset.. Chipps checks out a bike for flips and whips, with hydraulic gyro, six speed block and much sturdyness. Not got an account?

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Bike Brands

**Objective:** To introduce students to different bike brands and their features.

**Introduction:** Bikes come in different brands, each with its unique features and specifications. In this lesson, we will learn about some popular bike brands and their characteristics.

**Section 1: Nukeproof**

**Topic:** Nukeproof is a British bike brand that specializes in producing high-quality mountain bikes. The company was founded in 2010 by Barney Banks, who wanted to create bikes that were durable and reliable.

**Question:** What is Nukeproof known for?
**Answer:** Nukeproof is known for producing high-quality mountain bikes that are designed to withstand harsh terrain and rough riding conditions.

**Section 2: Lapierre**

**Topic:** Lapierre is a French bike brand that has been producing bikes since 1946. The company is known for its innovative designs and use of advanced materials in its bikes.

**Question:** What is Lapierre known for?
**Answer:** Lapierre is known for producing lightweight and durable bikes that are designed for both road and mountain biking.

**Section 3: Ghost**

**Topic:** Ghost is a Canadian bike brand that produces high-performance mountain bikes. The company was founded in 2008 and has quickly become a favorite among serious riders.

**Question:** What is Ghost known for?
**Answer:** Ghost is known for producing high-quality mountain bikes that are designed for aggressive riding and can handle rough terrain.

**Section 4: Ragley**

**Topic:** Ragley is an American bike brand that produces a range of mountain bikes, including hardtails and full-suspension bikes. The company was founded in 2002 and has quickly become a favorite among serious riders.

**Question:** What is Ragley known for?
**Answer:** Ragley is known for producing high-quality mountain bikes that are designed for aggressive riding and can handle rough terrain.

**Section 5: NS Bikes**

**Topic:** NS Bikes is a British bike brand that produces a range of mountain bikes, including hardtails and full-suspension bikes. The company was founded in 2007 and has quickly become a favorite among serious riders.

**Question:** What is NS Bikes known for?
**Answer:** NS Bikes is known for producing high-quality mountain bikes that are designed for aggressive riding and can handle rough terrain.

**Conclusion:** In this lesson, we learned about five popular bike brands and their unique features. We also learned about the importance of choosing the right bike brand for our riding style and needs. By understanding the differences between these brands, we can make an informed decision when purchasing a bike.

**Glossary:**
- Mountain bike: A type of bicycle designed for off-road cycling on rough terrain.
- Full-suspension: A bike with suspension on both the front and rear wheels.
- Hardtail: A bike with suspension only on the front wheel.
- Aggressive riding: Riding on rough terrain that requires a bike with good suspension and durability.


text:
Bodyguards (TV series)

Bodyguards is a British television crime drama/action series, broadcast on ITV, that focuses on the cases of a specialized bodyguard unit, the Close Protection Group, in service of the British government. The series starred Sean Pertwee and Louise Lombard as protagonists Ian Worrell and Liz Shaw. Pertwee's father, Jon, notably also starred alongside a character called Liz Shaw, played by Caroline John, who was his first companion during his time playing the Third Doctor in Doctor Who. The series was the brainchild of Jeffrey Caine, known as the creator of The Chief and script editor of the James Bond movie GoldenEye.

A total of seven episodes were broadcast: a feature-length pilot which aired in 1996, which guest starred Josette Simon as a visiting dignitary, followed by a single series of six episodes in 1997. The series has never been released on VHS or DVD, but was uploaded in full to YouTube in March 2016 by a member of the original production crew. The series was also broadcast by GBC TV (Gibraltar) as part of its relaunch in early 1999. The series aired on Monday evenings at 9:30pm, and the series received a full repeat run later on in the year.

Cast
 Sean Pertwee — Ian Worrell
 Louise Lombard — Liz Shaw
 John Shrapnel — Commander Alan MacIntyre
 Pip Torrens — Robert Ferguson
 Geoffrey Beevers — DAC James Henty
 Robert Horwell — DC Fitton

Episodes

Pilot (1996)

Series (1997)

Critical reception
Thomas Sutcliffe of The Independent said of the series; "When you start this job, you never think you're going to get bored," said one of the lumpy-jacketed characters in Bodyguards. It was a remark that might have been designed to extract a moan of sympathy from television reviewers, coming, as it did, halfway through this dim and derivative thriller, one of those professionals-with-guns series that give a distinguished theatrical actor the opportunity to look steely and say "shit". In this case, the man in question is John Shrapnel, taking the role of the sternly parental head of a police protection unit. His charges are played by Louise Lombard and Sean Pertwee, as well as disposable cannon-fodder who can be dispatched relatively early in the story to demonstrate that theirs is not just a nine-to-five job. In last night's episode, they were assigned to protect a businessman, back in England to give evidence before a select committee about a dodgy arms deal. Cue tough jargon ("Red One. Position set. Principal landed. 11.04") and a pretty standard plot involving conspiracy in high places."

References

External links

Category:ITV television dramas
Category:1996 British television series debuts
Category:1997 British television series endings
Category:1990s British drama television series
Category:Television series by ITV Studios
Category:Carlton Television
Category:English-language television programs
Category:Television shows set in London
Category:Works about bodyguards

textbook:
Lesson: Bodyguards (TV series)

Introduction:

In this lesson, we will learn about the British television crime drama/action series called "Bodyguards." This series focuses on the cases of a specialized bodyguard unit called the Close Protection Group, which works for the British government. We will explore the characters, plot, and themes of this series, as well as analyze its impact on popular culture.

Section 1: Characters

The main characters of the "Bodyguards" series are:

1. Ian Worrell - Played by Sean Pertwee, he is the protagonist of the series and a member of the Close Protection Group.
2. Liz Shaw - Played by Louise Lombard, she is another protagonist and a member of the Close Protection Group.
3. Josette Simon - She guest-starred in the pilot episode as a visiting dignitary.
4. Jeffrey Caine - He is the creator of the series and known for his work on "The Chief" and "GoldenEye."

Section 2: Plot

The "Bodyguards" series revolves around the cases of the Close Protection Group, which is responsible for protecting important figures in the British government. The group faces various challenges and threats throughout the series, including assassination attempts, kidnappings, and other forms of violence. The characters must use their skills and expertise to navigate these dangers and keep their clients safe.

Section 3: Themes

The "Bodyguards" series explores themes such as:

1. Duty and loyalty - The characters must balance their duty to protect their clients with their loyalty to their country and its laws.
2. Trust - The characters must trust each other to complete their tasks successfully, but they also must be wary of betrayal from within or outside the group.
3. Violence and danger - The series features many violent and dangerous situations, highlighting the risks that bodyguards face in their line of work.

Section 4: Impact on Popular Culture

The "Bodyguards" series has had a lasting impact on popular culture, inspiring similar television shows and movies that feature bodyguards and protection services. It also highlights the importance of these services in protecting important figures and maintaining national security.

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned about the "Bodyguards" series, including its characters, plot, and themes. We also explored its impact on popular culture and how it has inspired similar works. By studying this series, we can gain insight into the world of bodyguards and protection services, as well as the importance of duty, loyalty, trust, and violence in these fields.


text: Addu City, Maldives – Health Emergency Operation Center (HEOC) has confirmed that an additional Covid-19 case has been recorded in Addu City.. The case was discovered among the Indian expatriates quarantined at Dhoogas, where there are currently 83 people in home quarantine. Due to this, all 83 people in the facility will now be required to remain in quarantine for an additional 14 days starting from Tuesday, as the case was recorded on Monday.. With this, the total number of Covid-19 cases recorded from the City has risen to 74, with only four active cases of now. While all cases from the city have been from quarantine, 56 patients out of the 74 were among the expatriate workers who arrived from Cochin to Addu City to work at the area being developed as a Police training academy, including the case recorded on Monday.. As the City

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Epidemiology

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events (illnesses, injuries, and death) in a specific population and the application of this knowledge to control health problems. It is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention and control of diseases in a population.

### Section 2: Questions and Answers

**Question**: What is epidemiology?

**Answer**: Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in a specific population and the application of this knowledge to control health problems.

**Question**: Why is epidemiology important?

**Answer**: Epidemiology is important because it helps us understand the causes of diseases and how they spread in a population. This information can be used to develop strategies to prevent and control diseases, improving the overall health of a community.

### Section 3: Definitions and Examples

**Definition**: Incidence rate

**Example**: The incidence rate of a disease in a population is the number of new cases of the disease that occur in a specific time period (usually one year) divided by the total population size. For example, if there were 100 new cases of a disease in a population of 10,000 people in one year, the incidence rate would be 10 per 1,000 people or 1%.

**Definition**: Prevalence

**Example**: The prevalence of a disease in a population is the proportion of people who have the disease at a particular time. For example, if there were 100 people in a population of 10,000 who had the disease, the prevalence would be 1% or 10 out of every 100 people.

**Definition**: Morbidity

**Example**: Morbidity refers to the presence of a disease or illness in a person or population. It is often used as a measure of the burden of disease in a community. For example, if there were 100 people in a population of 10,000 who had the flu, the morbidity rate would be 1%.

**Definition**: Mortality

**Example**: Mortality refers to the number of deaths in a population caused by a specific disease or injury. For example, if there were 10 deaths in a population of 10,000 people due to a car accident, the mortality rate would be 0.1% or 1 out of every 1,000 people.

### Section 4: Practical Examples

Let's say there is an outbreak of a new disease in a small town. Epidemiologists would collect data on the number of people who have been infected, the number of people who have died, and any other relevant information. They would then use this data to determine the incidence rate, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of the disease in the population. Based on their findings, they might recommend measures to prevent the spread of the disease, such as quarantine, vaccination campaigns, or changes in public behavior.

### Glossary

**Incidence rate**: The number of new cases of a disease in a specific time period (usually one year) divided by the total population size.

**Prevalence**: The proportion of people who have a disease in a population at a particular time.

**Morbidity**: The presence of a disease or illness in a person or population.

**Mortality**: The number of deaths in a population caused by a specific disease or injury.


text: SAM XT Tourniquet Colours: Black, Hi Viz Orange and Training Blue. Engineered for rapid application, SAM XT’s innovative design normalizes the number of windlass turns needed compared to traditional tourniquets, enabling an easier, faster training of the product and intuitive use. Meets MIL-STD 810G for durability. Sam Tourniquet is the easiest Tourniquet to use on the market.. *****SAM XT is now a recommended tourniquet by the Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care (CoTCCC).******. TRUFORCE BUCKLE TECHNOLOGY. Slack is.. PROVEN TO SURVIVE. SAM XT’s innovative design requires fewer adjustments, decreases application variation between users and patients through consistent anticipation of windlass turns, and enables easier, faster training and intuitive use.

textbook:
Lesson Title: How to Use a Tourniquet

Introduction:
A tourniquet is a medical device used to stop bleeding by compressing a limb. In this lesson, we will learn about the different types of tourniquets, their uses, and how to apply them correctly.

Section 1: Types of Tourniquets
- There are two main types of tourniquets: stationary and moving.
- Stationary tourniquets are fixed in place and do not move.
- Moving tourniquets, such as the SAM XT, are designed to be applied quickly and easily.

Section 2: Applying a Tourniquet
- To apply a tourniquet, follow these steps:
  1. Wash your hands and put on gloves if available.
  2. Identify the injured area and ensure that the tourniquet is the appropriate size.
  3. Place the tourniquet on the injured area and tighten it until it is secure.
  4. Apply pressure to the tourniquet to make sure it is tight enough.
  5. Release the pressure and check that the tourniquet is still secure.
  6. Continue to monitor the injured area and loosen the tourniquet if necessary.

Section 3: Benefits of Using a Tourniquet
- Tourniquets are effective in stopping bleeding and can save lives in emergency situations.
- The SAM XT tourniquet has been engineered to be easy to use, making it ideal for first responders and medical professionals.
- The tourniquet's innovative design reduces the number of windlass turns needed, making it easier and faster to apply.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the different types of tourniquets, their uses, and how to apply them correctly. We also discussed the benefits of using a tourniquet and why the SAM XT is an excellent choice for first responders and medical professionals. By following these steps and understanding the importance of using a tourniquet, we can help save lives in emergency situations.

Glossary:
- Tourniquet: A medical device used to stop bleeding by compressing a limb.
- Windlass turns: The process of tightening a tourniquet by turning the windlass screw.
- CoTCCC: The Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care.

[1] Image of SAM XT Tourniquet with colors and features labeled.
[2] Table comparing SAM XT to other tourniquets in terms of ease of use, durability, and effectiveness.
[3] Formula for calculating the optimal number of windlass turns for different types of tourniquets.


text:
The happy divorcees, with average age of 55, have been dubbed the ‘Sex And The City generation’ because they see themselves as strong, independent women who don’t need a man to support them.

The indepth survey of 1060 divorcees found that almost two thirds of the women (61 per cent) had given up on dating altogether while only 47 per cent of men said they were not looking for another relationship.

One woman said that the most surprising thing about her divorce was to find “that I really don’t need a man. Friends and family are more important.”

Another said: “It was unexpected to find just how fulfilling single life can be. I’ve never been so happy.”

One woman in her forties said: “Being single is the way forward. I think it shows real strength.”

Another added: “I plan to stay single for the rest of my life to enjoy my independence.”

According to the Office of National Statistics 42 per cent of marriages end in divorce.

The most common reason cited in the survey was that a partner had “changed as a person”, followed by “we were unhappy”.

The survey also found that the seven year itch is a myth, with the most break-ups (32 per cent) occurring between one and five years, with 27 per cent happening between six and ten years and 21 per cent after more than 16 years.

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Susanna Abse, a leading psychotherapist, said the findings reflected the impact of feminism and women’s greater economic power.

Harry Benson, research director of the Marriage Foundation, said: “However well justified, divorce remains the failure of a dream . . . divorce rates today are back at levels last seen in the early 1970s.”

textbook:
Lesson: Core Value - Independence

Introduction:
Independence is the ability to live or act separately from others or the state of not being dependent on someone else. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of independence and how it applies to our daily lives.

Section 1: Understanding Independence

Topic 1: Definition of Independence
- Independence refers to the ability to make decisions and take actions without relying on others.
- It is an essential quality that allows individuals to be self-sufficient and confident.

Topic 2: Importance of Independence
- Independence allows us to be responsible for our own actions and decisions.
- It helps us develop self-confidence and self-esteem.
- Independence enables us to stand up for ourselves and our beliefs.

Topic 3: Examples of Independence
- An example of independence is a person who works hard to support themselves financially without relying on their parents or other family members.
- Another example is a person who moves out of their parents' house to live on their own and takes care of their own needs.

Section 2: Applying Independence in Daily Life

Topic 1: Making Decisions
- Independence allows us to make decisions based on our own values and beliefs without worrying about what others think.
- For example, if we want to pursue a career in art, we can do so without worrying about what our parents or friends think.

Topic 2: Taking Responsibility
- Independence means taking responsibility for our own actions and decisions.
- If we make a mistake, we need to own up to it and learn from it instead of blaming others.

Topic 3: Building Self-Confidence
- Independence helps us build self-confidence by allowing us to take risks and try new things.
- For example, if we want to start a business, we can do so without worrying about what others think.

Section 3: Practical Examples

Topic 1: Financial Independence
- Financial independence means being able to support oneself without relying on others for money.
- This can be achieved by saving money, investing wisely, and living within one's means.

Topic 2: Emotional Independence
- Emotional independence means being able to manage one's emotions without depending on others for comfort or validation.
- This can be achieved by practicing self-care, setting boundaries, and seeking professional help when needed.

Topic 3: Time Management
- Time management is an important aspect of independence as it allows us to prioritize tasks and complete them efficiently.
- This can be achieved by creating a schedule, setting goals, and avoiding procrastination.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, independence is an essential quality that allows us to be self-sufficient and confident. By applying independence in our daily lives, we can make better decisions, take responsibility for our actions, and build self-confidence. We can achieve financial, emotional, and time independence by practicing self-care, setting boundaries, and managing our time effectively. By applying these principles, we can lead happier and more fulfilling lives.

Glossary:
- Independence: The ability to live or act separately from others or the state of not being dependent on someone else.
- Self-confidence: A feeling of trust in one's abilities, qualities, and judgment.
- Responsibility: The state or quality of being answerable, accountable, or reliable for something or someone.