text:
L'un des pâtés en croûte de la 11ème édition du championnat du monde, le 2 décembre 2019, à Lyon.

Pour la onzième année consécutive, les artisans du pâté (en) croûte se sont réunis pour savoir qui des uns ou qui des autres remportera le fameux championnat du monde qui a célébré, par la même occasion, ses dix ans. L’édition 2019 s'est déroulée ce lundi 2 décembre à Lyon.

A lire aussiLe pâté en croûte, voyage au centre de l’affaire

Plastiqué, maltraité, galvaudé par l’industrie, ce mets du décor bucolique du Déjeuner sur l’herbe de Monet au milieu des bourgeois a su petit à petit regagner ses galons en s’affichant sur les cartes des plus grandes tables à l’instar de la maison Loiseau, de Georges Blanc ou encore Paul Bocuse. Alors qui a été sacré… et selon quelle recette ? Revoir en textes et en infographies notre heure par heure dans lequel nous vous dévoilons les coulisses de la compétition.

A lireMais d’où viennent les meilleurs pâtés (en) croûte du monde ?

21 heures

Le champion du monde de pâté-croûte 2019 est... Osamu Tsukamoto avec son «pâté-croûte au foie gras et sang de canard challandais». (voir plus bas numéro 11) Il remporte notamment un lit king size d'une valeur de 3 800 euros ! Le prix de l'élégance est quant à lui décerné au «pâté-croûte de pigeonneau et foie gras de canard».

20 heures

C’est un fait. Les compétiteurs de ces dix dernières années ont montré leur penchant pour le foie gras (45 sur 60 recettes pour être exacte). Et cette année ne fait pas exception avec 9 pâtés sur 13.

19h50

Les derniers pâtés en lice :

Numero 9 : «Lee gourmand». Tête/coeur/poumons/sang de porc et pommes confites dans le boudin, poitrine et échine de porc noir de Bigorre/épaule de cochon fermier, pluma et lomito ibérique, couenne de cochon fermier pour la gelée, foies de volaille/foie gras, farine, beurre, eau, sel, oeuf pour la pâte.

Numero 10 : «Pâté-croûte authentique et bon de tradition française». Volaille, ris de veau, foie gras et porc noir de Bigorre.

Numéro 11 : «Pâté-croûte au foie gras et sang de canard challandais». Epaule et gorge de porc, cuisse de pintade-foie de porc, foie blond de volaille, suprême de canard et pintade, vin de Porto, Cognac, figue et raisin.

Numéro 12 : «Pâté-croûte de pigeonneau et foie gras de canard». Pigeonneaux marinés à l'alcool de bourgeon de sapin, foie gras de canard, échine et gorge de cochon, gelée de boeuf au Porto.

Numero 13 : «Promenade en basse-cour». Cannette de chaland, volaille et pintade de Bresse, foie gras des Landes, trompettes de la mort, lard de colonata, porc noir de Bigorre, gelée de canard et vin de maury parfumé aux baies de genièvre.

19h45

Parmi les 13 finalistes, on compte une femme, seulement.

19h40

Le saviez-vous ? Les candidats ne sont pas autorisés à utiliser la truffe dans leur composition pour des raisons d'équité.

19h30

On a demandé à Gabriel Paillasson, meilleur ouvrier de France (MOF) et membre du jury quelles étaient les caractéristiques du pâté en croûte idéal. Verdict : une viande moelleuse, une gelée fondante et une croûte croustillante. Crrrrrrrr !

19 heures

Candidat N06 : PATE CROUTE D'OSSO-BUCCO DE PIERRETTE : D’Osso-Bucco de Pierrette, condiments d’oignons en tartelette aux coings et ses tonneaux de pommes de terre à la moutarde et curcuma. pic.twitter.com/kFmTmVYBMa — Pâté-Croûte (@pate_croute) December 2, 2019

La dégustation arrive bientôt à son terme. Listons les ingrédients des pâtés suivants :

Numéro 5 : «Le voyageur». Porc, poulet, veau, foie gras, pistaches, Cognac et Porto.

Numéro 6 : «Pâté croûte d'osso-bucco de Pierrette». Osso-bucco de Pierrette, condiments d'oignons en tartelette aux coings et ses tonneaux de pommes de terre à la moutarde et curcuma.

Numéro 7 : «Pâté-croûte de gibier à plumes et sarrazin». Colvert, perdreau, pigeon, sarrasin et whisky tourbé.

Numéro 8 : «Des cadets de Gascognes». Poularde jaune des Landes, foie gras, cochon noir de Bigorre, boudin blanc aux cèpes, ris d'agneau de lait des Pyrénées, canard gras du Gers, gelée de garbure béarnaise.

18h30

Comment les jurés doivent-ils déguster le pâté ? Quel pourcentage de la note est alloué aux composants ? D'abord, les membres évaluent la présentation de la pièce puis de la tranche. Ensuite, ils goûtent la gelée, avant de noter la cuisson de la pâte et de juger l'équilibre de l'ensemble. Le total est de 200 points. Mais comme on est sympas, on vous l'a converti en pourcentages.

18 heures

On ne vous le cache pas, les tentations sont nombreuses. Chaque pâté s'accompagne d'un vin particulier. Exemples : un Monier de la Sizeranne 2014 (AOP l'Hermitage) à la robe rouge grenat avec des nuances violacées. Côté blanc, un lieu-dit Hongrie 2017 (AOP Saint-Peray) avec une couleur jaune d'or aux notes légèrement briochées (à ce qu'il paraît...).

17h45

Ça mastique, ça mastique… Voici les ingrédients des trois pâtés suivants dont, bien sûr, nous ne pouvons pas révéler à ce stade l’auteur. En effet, ils sont dégustés à l’aveugle par les jurés.

Numéro 2. Canard de Challans au sang, foie gras, cochon de la ferme de Champs Romet en Mayenne, pistache de Sicile, Porto Sandeman 30 ans d’âge, Cognac Remy martin VSOP 20 ans d’âge vieilli en fût de chêne, épices caravane, trompette de la mort. (photo Bruno Amsellem pour Libération)

Numéro 3. «Pâté-croûte "bordelaise" poivre de Timut.» Foie gras de canard, pigeon, ris de veau, gorge-échine-poitrine de porc, trompette de la mort-cèpe, Madère, Porto, épices.

Numéro 4. «Comme un gâteau.» Foie gras, ris de veau, foie de volaille, grué de cacao, beurre, champignon, noisette, pistache raisin.

17h30

Le jury de MOF et autres journalistes culinaires (dont nous vous parlions il y a quelques minutes) qui élira le champion du monde entre 20h30 et 21 heures, est constitué de cinq femmes, seulement. Mais c’est toujours mieux que chez les finalistes des dix dernières années…

17h15

Le premier pâté est baptisé «Dauphi’noix». Il est composé de noix AOP de Grenoble, de canard des Dombes, de pigeonneau sélection Chapon Bressan, de ris de veau, de trompette de la mort, de vin de noix Bigallet, avec enfin une touche de sauge. Tout un programme !

16h45

Petit point sur la façon dont tout ça va se dérouler. Il y a trois sélections (avec présélection sur dossier) : Europe avec neuf finalistes désignés, Asie avec deux et Amérique avec deux également. En tout, ils sont 13 cette année à s’affronter pour le titre de champion du monde.

16h30

Le concours se déroule dans l’enceinte du restaurant Selcius, situé dans le quartier Confluence, dans le IIe arrondissement de Lyon. Les réalisations des candidats seront dégustées, après avoir défini l’ordre de passage par tirage au sort, à partir de 17 heures par les deux jurys : l’un composé d’une petite vingtaine de meilleurs ouvriers de France (MOF), artisans, ou encore journalistes gastronomiques… et l’autre dit «de la confrérie», constitué notamment de membres de la région, de sponsors, etc.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Make a Perfect Pâté En Croûte

Introduction:

Pâté en croûte is a traditional French dish that consists of a filling (usually meat or fish) surrounded by a layer of pastry dough and baked until golden brown. It is a popular appetizer served in many French restaurants around the world. In this lesson, we will learn how to make a perfect pâté en croûte from scratch.

Materials:

- 1 lb ground meat (beef, pork, or lamb)
- 1 cup breadcrumbs
- 2 cloves garlic, minced
- 1/4 cup chopped fresh parsley
- 1/4 cup chopped fresh thyme
- 1/4 cup chopped fresh rosemary
- 1/4 cup olive oil
- 1/4 cup dry white wine
- 1 tsp salt
- 1/2 tsp black pepper
- 1 sheet puff pastry, thawed
- 1 egg, beaten

Instructions:

1. Preheat the oven to 375°F.

2. In a mixing bowl, combine the ground meat, breadcrumbs, garlic, parsley, thyme, and rosemary. Mix well with your hands or a wooden spoon until everything is evenly distributed.

3. Add the olive oil, dry white wine, salt, and black pepper to the mixing bowl. Mix again until everything is well combined.

4. Lay out the puff pastry sheet on a flat surface. Use a sharp knife to cut off any excess dough from the edges.

5. Place the meat mixture in the center of the puff pastry sheet, leaving about 1 inch of space around the edges.

6. Fold the edges of the puff pastry over the meat mixture, creating a border around the filling.

7. Brush the edges of the puff pastry with the beaten egg to seal the borders.

8. Cut a few slits on the top of the pâté en croûte with a sharp knife to allow steam to escape during baking.

9. Place the pâté en croûte on a baking sheet and bake for 30-35 minutes or until the pastry is golden brown and the filling is cooked through.

10. Remove from the oven and let cool for a few minutes before serving.

Conclusion:

Making a perfect pâté en croûte is not difficult if you follow these simple steps. With the right ingredients and techniques, you can impress your guests with this delicious French appetizer. Remember to always use high-quality ingredients, and practice makes perfect!

Glossary:

- Pâté en croûte: A traditional French dish consisting of a filling (usually meat or fish) surrounded by a layer of pastry dough and baked until golden brown.
- Puff pastry: A type of light, flaky pastry made from layers of dough and butter.
- Beef: The flesh of cattle used for food.
- Pork: The flesh of a pig used for food.
- Lamb: The flesh of a young sheep used for food.
- Ground meat: Meat that has been finely chopped or ground.
- Breadcrumbs: Small pieces of bread that have been crushed or broken into small bits.
- Garlic: A plant in the onion family that is used for seasoning and flavoring food.
- Parsley: A herb with a bright green color and a fresh, citrusy flavor.
- Thyme: An herb with a mild, sweet flavor.
- Rosemary: An herb with a pungent, resinous flavor.
- Olive oil: A fat obtained from olives, used as a healthy cooking oil and a source of healthy monounsaturated fats.
- Dry white wine: A type of wine that is fermented and aged without the addition of sugar or other sweeteners.
- Salt: A white crystalline mineral used as a seasoning and preservative.
- Black pepper: A spice made from the berries of the pepper plant, used to add flavor to food.
- Egg: A reproductive cell produced by the female of certain animals, used as a ingredient in baking and cooking.


text: Perfect Local Randomness in Pseudo-Random Sequences. Ueli Maurer and James L. Massey generator is introduced and investigated using some results from coding theory. The theoretical and practical results of this concept are discussed. Possible extensions of the concept of local randomness as well as some applications are proposed.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Perfect Local Randomness in Pseudo-Random Sequences

#### Section 1: Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn about perfect local randomness in pseudo-random sequences. We will start by understanding what a pseudo-random sequence is and why it is important. Then, we will delve into the concept of perfect local randomness and its significance in generating such sequences. Finally, we will explore some of the applications and extensions of this concept.

#### Section 2: What is a Pseudo-Random Sequence?

A pseudo-random sequence is a sequence of numbers or symbols that looks random but is actually generated by an algorithm. It is called "pseudo" because it is not truly random, as it follows a specific pattern or rule. However, it is often used in computer science, mathematics, and other fields where true randomness is difficult to generate or simulate.

#### Section 3: Perfect Local Randomness

Perfect local randomness refers to a property of a sequence where each subsequence of the sequence has the same randomness as the original sequence itself. In other words, if you take any part of the sequence and treat it as a separate sequence, it will still look random. This property is essential in generating sequences that are both statistically and computationally random.

#### Section 4: Applications and Extensions

The concept of perfect local randomness has several applications and extensions. For example, it can be used in cryptography to generate secure keys for encryption and decryption. It can also be applied in simulation and modeling to create random events that follow a specific distribution. Additionally, it can be extended to other types of sequences, such as those based on fractals or chaotic systems.

#### Section 5: Conclusion

Understanding perfect local randomness in pseudo-random sequences is crucial for anyone interested in computer science, mathematics, or any field that involves generating random sequences. By mastering this concept, we can develop more secure and accurate algorithms for various applications. Furthermore, we can apply this knowledge to new problems and extend our understanding of randomness and its properties.


text:
Q:

Remove sum() in javascript using regex

I want to remove sum() from a query using regex while keeping the content and other formulas.
For example,
sum(a) / nullif(sum(b)::numeric, 0)

becomes
a / nullif(b::numeric, 0)

If it's any easier, we can assume that sum() will always be the inner formula, i.e. sum(nullif(b,0)) won't happen.

A:

This is regular expression that replace sum with his inner parameter:
"sum(a) / nullif(sum(b)::numeric, 0)".replace(/sum\((.*?)\)/g, '$1')
"a / nullif(b::numeric, 0)"

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson:

### Section 1: Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn how to extract the core value from an input text/paragraph and build a bite-sized lesson. We will use the following input as an example:

Q: Remove sum() in JavaScript using regex

I want to remove sum() from a query using regex while keeping the content and other formulas.

For example, sum(a) / nullif(sum(b)::numeric, 0) becomes a / nullif(b::numeric, 0).

If it's any easier, we can assume that sum() will always be the inner formula, i.e. sum(nullif(b,0)) won't happen.

A: This is a regular expression that replaces sum with its inner parameter: "sum(a) / nullif(sum(b)::numeric, 0)".replace(/sum\((.*?)\)/g, '$1') "a / nullif(b::numeric, 0)".

### Section 2: Core Value Extraction

The core value in the input text is the process of using regular expressions to replace the sum() function with its inner parameter. This can be useful when working with queries in JavaScript.

### Section 3: Bite-Sized Lesson

### Subsection 3.1: Introduction to Regular Expressions

Regular expressions (regex) are a powerful tool for matching patterns in strings. They are commonly used in programming languages like JavaScript to search, manipulate, and validate text.

### Subsection 3.2: Using Regular Expressions to Replace Text

In JavaScript, the replace() method can be used to replace all occurrences of a pattern in a string with a replacement string. This can be done using a regular expression as the pattern.

Example:

let str = "sum(a) / nullif(sum(b)::numeric, 0)";
let result = str.replace(/sum\((.*?)\)/g, '$1');
console.log(result); // "a / nullif(b::numeric, 0)"

In the above example, the regular expression /sum\((.*?)\)/g matches the substring sum(a) or sum(b), and captures the inner parameter in a group (.*?). The replace() method then replaces all occurrences of this pattern with the captured value, which in this case is just "a" or "b".

### Subsection 3.3: Applying the Core Value to Other Examples

We can use the same approach to replace sum() with its inner parameter in other examples as well. For example:

let str = "sum(c) / nullif(sum(d)::numeric, 0)";
let result = str.replace(/sum\((.*?)\)/g, '$1');
console.log(result); // "c / nullif(d::numeric, 0)"

In this example, we have replaced sum(c) with c using the same regular expression and replace() method.

### Subsection 3.4: Practice Problems

1. Write a regular expression that matches any two-digit number in the range 10-99.
2. Use the regular expression from problem 1 to replace all occurrences of two-digit numbers in the string "12345 67890 11111 22222 33333".
3. Write a regular expression that matches any word containing at least one vowel (a, e, i, o, u).
4. Use the regular expression from problem 3 to replace all occurrences of words containing at least one vowel in the string "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.".

### Subsection 3.5: Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned how to use regular expressions to replace text in JavaScript. We applied this concept to replace sum() with its inner parameter in a query. We also provided practice problems to further illustrate the use of regular expressions in JavaScript.


text:
Ipsilateral recurrence frequency after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for primary spontaneous pneumothorax.
We retrospectively evaluated the results of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for primary spontaneous pneumothorax and recurrence. A series of 424 patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax were treated by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery-289 with an ipsilateral recurrent episode, 88 with persistent air leakage for 7 days or longer, 34 with a contralateral episode, 9 with hemopneumothorax, and 4 with tension pneumothorax. The commonest management was stapling of an identified bleb, undertaken in 375 patients (88.4%). Pleural abrasion was conducted in 250 (59.0%), but the abraded area was one-third or less of the thoracic cavity in 187 (74.8%). No operative deaths occurred. Revisional thoracotomy was required in 1 patient with postoperative bleeding and another with incomplete postoperative lung reexpansion; 26 had prolonged air leakage, but none required revisional thoracotomy. During a mean follow-up of 31.4 months, ipsilateral pneumothorax recurred in 40 patients (9.4%), with 26 (65.0%) having recurrence within 1 year postoperatively. A video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was conducted again in 8, and thoracotomy in 14. The ipsilateral recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was high at 9.4%. If video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is to be considered as a treatment for spontaneous pneumothorax, we must therefore reduce postoperative ipsilateral recurrence by training practitioners not to overlook blebs during the procedure and/or consider widening the area of pleurodesis.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Understand Medical Research Articles

Introduction:
Medical research articles are an important source of information for healthcare professionals, students, and patients. However, they can be difficult to understand due to the technical language and complex concepts presented. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand medical research articles.

Section 1: Understanding the Structure of a Medical Research Article

Medical research articles typically follow a specific structure, which includes the following sections:

1. Abstract: A brief summary of the study, including the objectives, methods, results, and conclusions.
2. Introduction: An overview of the background information, including previous research on the topic.
3. Methods: A description of the study design, participants, interventions, and measurements used.
4. Results: A presentation of the findings, including statistical analyses and graphs/tables.
5. Discussion: An interpretation of the results in the context of the literature and future research directions.
6. Conclusion: A summary of the main findings and their implications.

By understanding the structure of a medical research article, you can focus on each section and read it more effectively.

Section 2: Reading and Understanding the Abstract

The abstract is a concise summary of the study, so it is essential to read it carefully. Look for the following elements:

1. Objectives: What were the goals of the study?
2. Design: Was it a randomized controlled trial, observational study, or something else?
3. Participants: Who was included in the study?
4. Interventions: What was done to the participants?
5. Main outcomes: What were the key results measured?
6. Conclusions: What were the authors' main findings?

By understanding the abstract, you can get a general idea of the study before diving into the details.

Section 3: Understanding Statistical Analysis

Statistical analysis is a crucial part of medical research articles, as it helps to determine if the results are statistically significant. Some common statistical tests include:

1. T-test: Compares the means of two groups.
2. Chi-square test: Compares the proportions of two groups.
3. ANOVA: Compares the means of multiple groups.

If you don't understand the statistical analysis, don't worry! You can always look up the specific test in a statistics textbook or ask a statistician for help.

Section 4: Reading and Understanding Graphs/Tables

Graphs and tables are visual representations of the data, making it easier to understand the results. When reading these, look for the following elements:

1. Labels: Are the axes labeled correctly?
2. Units: What are the units of measurement?
3. Trends: Are there any trends or patterns in the data?
4. Significance: Are the results statistically significant?

By understanding the graphs and tables, you can better comprehend the results and their implications.

Section 5: Critical Thinking

As you read medical research articles, it is essential to think critically about the study design, results, and conclusions. Ask yourself the following questions:

1. Was the study design appropriate for the research question?
2. Were the results statistically significant?
3. Were the conclusions justified by the results?
4. Are the results generalizable to other populations?
5. What are the limitations of the study?

By engaging in critical thinking, you can evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the study and determine its relevance to your research or practice.

Conclusion:
By understanding the structure of a medical research article, reading and interpreting the abstract, understanding statistical analysis, reading and interpreting graphs/tables, and engaging in critical thinking, you can effectively read and understand medical research articles. These skills will be valuable for healthcare professionals, students, and patients who want to stay informed about the latest research in their field.


text: OWC’s Most Powerful Connectivity Solution Ever Features Thunderbolt 3 with 13 Ports, USB 3.1 Gen 1, Gigabit Ethernet, Mini Display Port, FireWire 800, SD Card Reader, Digital Audio, & More. Woodstock, IL – September 11, 2017 OWC®, a leading zero emissions Mac and PC technology company, announced that the groundbreaking and highly-anticipated new OWC Thunderbolt 3 Dock, the latest in an award-winning lineup of connectivity expansion solutions, is shipping now. With an incredible 13 ports, the OWC Thunderbolt 3 Dock provides exceptional connectivity through an included Thunderbolt 3 cable, delivering power to laptops and other devices at the fastest speed possible.. “This is the best dock that I’ve found” – Guy Kawasaki. Video reviews of the state-of-the-art Thunderbolt 3 Dock:. AppleInsider:. Geekanoids:. Chuck Joiner, MacVoices: on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter.. Be the first to comment on "OWC NOW SHIPPING AWARD-WINNING THUNDERBOLT 3 DOCK"

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Computer Networks

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

A computer network is a collection of devices connected together to communicate and share resources. These devices can include computers, smartphones, tablets, printers, and more. Networks can be small, such as a home network, or large, such as a corporate network.

There are two types of networks: LAN (Local Area Network) and WAN (Wide Area Network). A LAN connects devices within a small area, such as a house or office building. A WAN connects devices over a larger area, such as across cities or countries.

Networks use protocols to communicate. Protocols are sets of rules that devices use to send and receive data. One common protocol is TCP/IP, which is used on the internet.

### Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's say you have a home network with a computer, smartphone, and smart TV. You can use the computer to stream music to the smart TV, and use your smartphone to control the TV. You can also access files on the computer from your smartphone and TV. All of this is possible because of your home network.

In a corporate setting, a network allows employees to share files, printers, and other resources. They can also communicate with each other using email or instant messaging.

### Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

What are some benefits of having a computer network?
- Sharing resources: Devices can share files, printers, and other resources, reducing costs and increasing efficiency.
- Communication: Networks allow devices to communicate with each other, making collaboration easier.
- Accessibility: Devices can be accessed from anywhere on the network, making it easier to work remotely.

What are some challenges of having a computer network?
- Security: Networks can be vulnerable to hacking and cyber attacks, which can compromise sensitive information.
- Maintenance: Networks require regular maintenance and updates to ensure they run smoothly and securely.
- Cost: Setting up and maintaining a network can be expensive, especially for large networks.

### Conclusion

Computer networks are essential for modern communication and collaboration. By understanding the theoretical concepts and practical applications of networks, we can better understand how to navigate and utilize them effectively. Whether in a home or corporate setting, networks provide valuable resources and opportunities for growth and productivity.


text:
Rights group Amnesty International urges Beijing to ‘end cruel farce’ and allow Liu to travel abroad for cancer treatment

This article is more than 3 years old

This article is more than 3 years old

Time is running out for China’s most famous political prisoner, Liu Xiaobo, Amnesty International has said, accusing Beijing of showing “new depths of cruelty” with its treatment of the terminally ill democracy campaigner.

Liu, who is 61 and has been behind bars since 2009, was recently diagnosed with late stage liver cancer while serving an 11-year term for subversion.

On Wednesday campaigners repeated calls for Beijing to allow the Nobel peace prize winner to leave the country – a move it has resisted.

“Time is running out for Liu Xiaobo. It is not too late for the authorities to end this cruel farce. They must let Liu Xiaobo and his wife, Liu Xia, travel abroad to get the medical treatment he so desperately needs,” said Salil Shetty, Amnesty International’s secretary general.

“Liu Xiaobo is an inspiring figure whose only crime was to speak truth to power. He should never have spent a single day in jail, an injustice made even more tragic by the fact that his cancer was not diagnosed until it reached terminal phase. President Xi Jinping must do the right thing and order his immediate release.”

Earlier it emerged that China had invited medical experts from the US and Germany to help treat Liu, in an apparent softening of its stance before this week’s G20 summit in Germany.

Liu was jailed in 2009 for “inciting subversion of state power” after he helped write a petition known as “Charter 08” calling for sweeping political reforms.

The Guardian view on human rights in China: Liu Xiaobo is dying, free him | Editorial Read more

He was recently moved from jail to a hospital in the north-eastern city of Shenyang. The hospital made the decision at the request of the family and in consultation with the doctors already treating him, the Shenyang Justice Bureau stated on its website.

It provided no other details. Officials who answered the telephone at the hospital said they were unaware of the case.

A source close to Liu’s family said the invitation was a positive step that greatly increased transparency around his illness and the chance that he would receive the best possible treatment available.

“The fact that they specially chose the US and Germany suggests that the authorities are considering allowing Liu to travel to one of these two countries,” the source said, although there were still questions about how the doctors would be chosen and what access they would have.

However, Amnesty attacked the move, which it said appeared in part to be “an attempt to limit international criticism”.

Amnesty’s East Asia director, Nicholas Bequelin, told the Wall Street Journal China had imposed “a near-complete information blackout” around the dissident to limit the reputational damage that came from keeping Nobel laureates in prison.

“As long has having Liu Xiaobo die in China is likely to result in less embarrassment than him dying abroad, the authorities will continue with the same technique,” Bequelin said.

The US embassy in Beijing declined to comment.

The newly appointed US ambassador to China, Terry Branstad, said last week the US would like to see Liu treated elsewhere for his cancer.

The German embassy also declined to comment.

The move comes before Xi’s attendance at a G20 summit in Hamburg, Germany, on Friday and Saturday, where he will seek to project Chinese leadership on issues such as climate change and free trade.

Diplomatic sources in Beijing say China has been nervous that the issue of the Nobel peace prize winner could overshadow Xi’s appearance.

An open letter issued by a coalition of rights groups, including those representing Tibetans and Uighurs, on Wednesday urged G20 leaders to press China for the unconditional release of Liu and grant him freedom to travel wherever he wants.

Liu Xiaobo's unbearable fate is stark symbol of where China is heading | Tania Branigan Read more

“Liu Xiaobo’s 2010 Nobel peace prize illuminated the human and political rights of the people under China’s rule, and created a real sense of hope. We urge you not to let that sense of hope fade,” it said.

The government has said Liu is being given the best care possible and that he is being treated by renowned Chinese cancer experts.

However, a growing number of western politicians and international rights activists have expressed concern about the quality of Liu’s treatment and have said he should be given the choice to leave China if that was the best option.

The UN high commissioner for human rights, Zeid Ra’ad al-Hussein, has met Chinese officials regarding Liu, a spokeswoman said on Tuesday.

Chinese authorities told diplomats from Germany, the US and the EU on Friday that Liu could not be moved abroad due to his condition, sources briefed on the matter have told Reuters.

China’s foreign ministry has dismissed concerns from other countries about Liu, at least publicly, saying it was an internal matter for China.

textbook:
Lesson: Human Rights and Political Prisoners

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about human rights and political prisoners. We will explore the case of Liu Xiaobo, a Chinese political prisoner who was imprisoned for advocating for democracy. We will also discuss the importance of human rights and why they are protected by law.

Section 1: What are Human Rights?
Human rights are basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world, regardless of their nationality, age, gender, or any other status. These rights are protected by law and are based on the principle of equality and fairness.

Questions and Answers:
1. What are some examples of human rights?
- The right to life, liberty, and security of person
- The right to freedom of opinion and expression
- The right to be free from torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment
- The right to a fair trial
- The right to freedom of movement

Section 2: Political Prisoners
A political prisoner is someone who is imprisoned because they have expressed their political beliefs or opinions, which are not accepted by the government. Political prisoners are often seen as a threat to the government because they challenge its authority and try to change the political system.

Questions and Answers:
2. Why do governments sometimes imprison people for their political beliefs?
- Governments may see political prisoners as a threat to their power and control over the people.
- They may want to silence dissenting voices and prevent others from speaking out against the government.
- They may believe that by imprisoning political prisoners, they can intimidate others from challenging their authority.

Section 3: Liu Xiaobo and His Case
Liu Xiaobo was a Chinese writer, journalist, and human rights activist who was imprisoned for advocating for democracy in China. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2010, but was unable to accept it due to his imprisonment. Liu Xiaobo passed away in 2017 while serving his sentence.

Questions and Answers:
3. Why was Liu Xiaobo imprisoned?
- Liu Xiaobo was imprisoned for advocating for democracy in China, which is not allowed under the current government.
- He was charged with inciting subversion of state power and was sentenced to 11 years in prison.
- Many people believe that his imprisonment was unjust and that he should have been allowed to speak freely.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about human rights and political prisoners, specifically the case of Liu Xiaobo. We discussed why human rights are important and how they are protected by law. We also learned about the dangers of imprisoning people for their political beliefs and how this can suppress freedom of speech and expression. Finally, we explored the case of Liu Xiaobo and how his imprisonment and eventual death highlight the need for greater respect for human rights in China and around the world.

Glossary:
- Human rights: Basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world, regardless of their nationality, age, gender, or any other status.
- Political prisoner: Someone who is imprisoned because they have expressed their political beliefs or opinions, which are not accepted by the government.
- Subversion: The act of overthrowing or undermining the government or the established order.


text: One of the factors that contribute to any family’s enterprise failure is choosing the wrong person that you want to share your life with. How to choose your Partner in what is going to be your life’s Most Important Enterprise, is Serious Business? This must be...For more info.. There are many couples who, instead of looking at marriage as a “Partnership,” they see it as a “Boxing Ring.” Then we wonder why we end up beaten, exhausted, and losing. Many wonder how come we ended up...For more info.. One would think that a divorced person has learned the lesson. However, why do divorced people are 2 or 3 times more likely to divorced again than those who never have been divorced? Could it be that they ignore the phases...For more info.

textbook:
**Lesson: Choosing the Right Life Partner**

**Introduction:**

Choosing the right life partner is one of the most important decisions a person can make. It is a decision that will affect every aspect of your life, including your finances, your health, and your happiness. In this lesson, we will explore the key factors to consider when choosing a life partner and provide practical advice on how to make the best decision for you.

**Section 1: Understanding the Importance of Choosing the Right Partner**

The right partner can bring joy, support, and stability to your life. On the other hand, the wrong partner can cause stress, conflict, and even harm. Therefore, it is essential to take the time to get to know someone thoroughly before making a lifelong commitment.

**Section 2: Key Factors to Consider When Choosing a Life Partner**

There are several key factors to consider when choosing a life partner. These include:

1. Compatibility: You need to be compatible with your partner in terms of values, interests, and lifestyle. This means that you share similar goals and aspirations and enjoy doing many of the same things.

2. Communication: Good communication is essential in any relationship. You need to be able to communicate openly and honestly with your partner, expressing your thoughts and feelings without fear of judgment or retribution.

3. Trust: Trust is the foundation of any healthy relationship. You need to be able to trust your partner completely, knowing that they have your best interests at heart and will not betray your confidence.

4. Respect: Respect is another essential ingredient in any relationship. You need to respect your partner as an individual, recognizing their strengths and weaknesses and treating them with kindness and understanding.

5. Mutual Support: A good partner should be supportive of your dreams and aspirations, offering encouragement and assistance whenever possible.

**Section 3: Practical Advice for Choosing the Right Partner**

Here are some practical tips for choosing the right partner:

1. Take your time: Don't rush into a relationship. Take the time to get to know someone thoroughly before making a lifelong commitment.

2. Get to know their friends and family: The people in your partner's life can tell you a lot about them. Pay attention to how they treat others and how they are treated in return.

3. Trust your instincts: If something feels off or wrong, trust your instincts and pay attention to them. They are usually right.

4. Be yourself: Don't try to be someone you're not to impress your partner. Be authentic and let them see the real you.

5. Seek outside advice: Talk to trusted friends or family members about your partner. They may see things that you don't and offer valuable insights.

**Glossary:**

- Compatibility: The ability of two or more things to work together or coexist peacefully.
- Communication: The exchange of information or news between people.
- Trust: Firm belief in the reliability, truth, ability, or character of someone or something.
- Respect: A feeling of admiration for someone or something elicited by their abilities, qualities, or achievements.
- Mutual Support: Support given or received by two parties in common.

**Conclusion:**

Choosing the right life partner is one of the most important decisions you will ever make. By taking the time to understand the importance of this decision and considering the key factors involved, you can increase your chances of finding a partner who will bring joy, support, and stability to your life. Remember to trust your instincts, be yourself, and seek outside advice when necessary. With these tools in hand, you can make an informed decision that will bring you happiness and fulfillment for years to come.


text:
I interviewed new boy Aidan McCullen in the deep shadow of the Sunbury stand, towards the end of August 2006 at the LI Press Day.

He looked fit and hard. Even unshaven, his face looked more angular than I had expected, and his frame suggested wiry strength and resilience, in short a physical handful.

Aidan proved to be charming and eloquent. Hardly the strong silent type! Here’s what he had to say.

Q. What made you come to Irish?

AM. I was on a very good contract at Toulouse, which is the Mecca of rugby as you know. I’d made a decision when I left Ireland that I was going to play in France for two years and then come and play in the Premiership. And no matter how well I did in France I was still going to make that decision. But then I had an amazing start to the season in France. I got straight into the Toulouse team and played the first six months, but then got a knee injury. It niggled away at me and I never really got back. Just when that happened Brian [Smith] got in touch. At first I dismissed it, for I felt I had a contract at Toulouse, I was happy here, playing well here. I really was playing well in a brilliant team.

But there was my Missus consider as well. I spoke French but she didn’t, so there was the language barrier there for her, so in the end it was kind of a mutual decision. We could leave it another year, and I could be injured, so I just thought we were better off jumping at the offer while it was there - and after the season the lads had had as well. They were looking very good around that time. I felt that this was a good team and they were going places, and it’d be good to be part of that as well.

Q. Do you specialise in a particular back row position?

AM. For Toulouse, I played at 8, but 6 is really my preferred position. It certainly was at Leinster and when I played for Ireland. I love to get my hands on the ball as much as possible; that’s what it’s all about for me.

Q. Have you found anything different about the training here?

AM. It’s quite similar here to how we trained at Leinster. The English and Irish games are now very power-based, involving weights and speedwork and that sort of thing. The French play a lot more rugby with not many drills. Oh, maybe it’s just Toulouse, I don’t know. You play games and you have scrum sessions and line-out sessions, but it’s not broken down into units like you have here. I prefer the set-up here, because everyone knows what they are doing. Everyone does their job, and things should go well – in theory anyway!

Q. Did you have any mates here before you arrived?

AM. I played with Bob at Leinster, when he was 16. We played for Leinster schools and all the way up together. I played two seasons with Benny Willis at Leinster, and I played with Barry Everitt at Lansdowne as well.

Q. Did you contact them before you made your mind up?

AM. They contacted me to sway my decision! That was a bonus, but it wasn’t the reason I came here. You have to be focused on making the right decision. I came here to play in the Premiership, to nail down a spot in the team, and show people what I had learned at Toulouse.

Q. How have you settled down over here?

We live in the area, right here in Sunbury, which is lovely. That was a major thing as well. I was injured at the time so we started to come over at weekends. We looked around the entire area, Richmond, Twickenham, everywhere. It helped that my wife had been an estate agent earlier in life!

Q. Can you tell me something about your playing career so far?

AM. I suppose people haven’t seen much of me because in Leinster I had one big season, played in all the European Cup games, scored four tries and had a really good season, and then the following season I got injured, you see. I tore my arm right after my cap. And then last year, before going to Toulouse, I was back in the Irish camp again, and I started in the European Cup again. I must have 20-30 European Cup caps by now.

I am looking forward to playing and the fact that we are in Europe is massive. I don’t know if I would have come to any club that wasn’t playing in Europe, having tasted it. We seem to be on the right lines, and it’s important that we stay in Europe and do well.

Q. Have you seen any of our backs running around?

AM. They are very good. The way the lads play is very like Toulouse. They keep the ball alive. Even at the trial the other day, there were some beautiful movements that reminded me of playing in France last year.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Contract Law

Introduction:
Contract law is a branch of law that deals with agreements between two or more parties. It governs the rights and duties of the parties involved in a contract and provides remedies for breach of contract. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of contract law, including the elements of a contract, types of contracts, and the legal consequences of breaching a contract.

Section 1: Elements of a Contract

A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties that creates obligations and rights. To form a valid contract, certain elements must be present. These elements are:

1. Offer and Acceptance: An offer is a proposal to enter into a contract with another party. An acceptance is the other party's agreement to the terms of the offer. Both parties must agree to the same terms for a contract to exist.

2. Consideration: Consideration is the exchange of value between the parties involved in a contract. It can be in the form of money, goods, services, or promises to do or not do something.

3. Capacity: Both parties must have the legal capacity to enter into a contract. This means that they must be of legal age, mentally competent, and not under any legal disability.

4. Intent to Create a Legal Relationship: Both parties must intend to create a legal relationship that is enforceable by law.

Section 2: Types of Contracts

There are several types of contracts, including:

1. Bilateral Contracts: These are contracts in which both parties have obligations to perform. For example, a contract for the sale of goods where the seller agrees to deliver the goods and the buyer agrees to pay for them.

2. Unilateral Contracts: These are contracts in which only one party has an obligation to perform. For example, a reward offered for the return of a lost item.

3. Express Contracts: These are contracts in which the terms are expressly stated in writing or orally.

4. Implied Contracts: These are contracts in which the terms are not expressly stated but are implied by the circumstances surrounding the agreement.

5. Fixed-Price Contracts: These are contracts in which the price is set at the time of the agreement and does not change regardless of the cost of performing the contract.

6. Cost-Plus Contracts: These are contracts in which the price is based on the cost of performing the contract plus a percentage or fixed amount.

Section 3: Legal Consequences of Breaching a Contract

Breaching a contract is a serious matter and can result in legal consequences. These consequences depend on the type of contract and the severity of the breach. Some possible legal consequences of breaching a contract include:

1. Damages: The party that breached the contract may be required to pay damages to the other party to compensate for any losses suffered as a result of the breach.

2. Specific Performance: In some cases, the court may order the party that breached the contract to perform their obligations under the contract.

3. Rescission: The court may decide to cancel the contract and return both parties to their original positions if the breach is severe enough.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, contract law is an important area of law that governs agreements between parties. Understanding the basics of contract law is essential for anyone who wants to enter into a contract or enforce one. By knowing the elements of a contract, the different types of contracts, and the legal consequences of breaching a contract, you can protect your rights and avoid legal disputes.


text: Help me write something -- 2. 预算 ₹1500-12500 INR. I need you to write an academic article.. 25名威客为此工作的平均竞标价是₹5229. I have been writing for ten years now, have been published and included within 350 best writers of my country. If you allow me, I'd like to help you with the project. Thank you, for further inquires please message me.. I am an experienced academic writer who has specialized in finance,accounting and other related fields. I deliver work assigned to me on time and in top notch quality.

textbook:
# Lesson 1: Introduction to Budgeting
In this lesson, we will learn about budgeting, which is the process of planning and controlling financial resources to achieve specific goals. A budget helps individuals and organizations to allocate their funds effectively and make informed decisions about spending and saving.
## Section 1: What is Budgeting?
Budgeting is the process of creating a plan for how to spend and save money over a certain period of time. It involves analyzing income and expenses, setting goals, and making decisions about how to allocate resources to achieve those goals.
## Section 2: Why is Budgeting Important?
Budgeting is important because it helps individuals and organizations to live within their means, avoid debt, and achieve their financial goals. It also helps to prioritize spending and ensure that resources are used efficiently.
## Section 3: How to Create a Budget
To create a budget, follow these steps:
1. Determine your income: This includes your salary, freelance work, and any other sources of income.
2. List your expenses: This includes rent, utilities, groceries, transportation, and any other expenses you have.
3. Categorize your expenses: Divide your expenses into categories such as housing, transportation, food, and entertainment.
4. Set goals: Determine what you want to achieve with your budget, such as saving for a down payment on a house or paying off debt.
5. Allocate funds: Based on your income and expenses, allocate funds to each category.
6. Monitor your spending: Keep track of your spending and adjust your budget as needed.
## Section 4: Practical Examples
Let's say you have a monthly income of ₹15,000 and the following expenses:
- Rent: ₹8,000
- Utilities: ₹2,000
- Groceries: ₹3,000
- Transportation: ₹1,500
- Entertainment: ₹500
To create a budget, you would allocate funds to each category as follows:
| Category | Amount |
| --- | --- |
| Rent | 50% |
| Utilities | 16.67% |
| Groceries | 33.33% |
| Transportation | 10% |
| Entertainment | 6.67% |
This means that you would allocate 50% of your income (₹7,500) to rent, 16.67% (₹2,500) to utilities, 33.33% (₹5,000) to groceries, 10% (₹1,500) to transportation, and 6.67% (₹1,000) to entertainment.
## Section 5: Conclusion
Budgeting is an essential skill that can help individuals and organizations to achieve their financial goals and live within their means. By creating a budget and sticking to it, you can avoid debt, save money, and make informed decisions about spending and saving.


text: >>. Michelle Mcfarlin). Michelle Mcfarlin works as a Director at Sococo, which is a Business Services company with an estimated 26 employees; and founded in 2007., their management level is Director. Michelle is currently based in Boston, United States.. Hmmm… Why don’t you give Michelle. Michelle’s company in the news. Sococo Partners with Vidyo to Enhance its Online Office Solutions with Best-in-Class Video. December 13, 2018. Insights to Break the Ice. In your first interaction. Michelle is located in United States. Socialware by Sococo is used by 11 companies. Sococo’s Funding. Last funding. $5M. February 4, 2013. Total raised. $16M. Recommended Leads. Based on Michelle Mcfarlin's profile and your recent activity, these leads picked for you

textbook:
# Lesson: Finding Information Online

## Introduction
In today's digital age, finding information online has become an essential skill. Whether you are researching for a project, looking for job opportunities, or just curious about a topic, knowing how to find reliable and accurate information is crucial. In this lesson, we will learn how to use search engines like Google, how to evaluate sources, and some tips and tricks to help you find the information you need quickly and easily.

## Section 1: Using Search Engines

### Subsection 1.1: Understanding Search Engines
A search engine is a tool that helps you find information on the internet. It works by crawling websites and indexing their content, so when you type in a keyword, it can show you the most relevant results. The most popular search engine is Google, but there are others like Bing, Yahoo, and DuckDuckGo.

### Subsection 1.2: Using Google Effectively
To get the most out of Google, there are some tips and tricks you should know:

- Use quotes to find exact matches: "python programming language"
- Use the minus sign to exclude results: python -language
- Use the asterisk symbol to fill in missing letters: python*
- Use the OR operator to find variations of a word: python OR programmer

### Subsection 1.3: Evaluating Search Results
Just because a result appears at the top of the search engine doesn't mean it's the best option. To evaluate the quality of the information, ask yourself these questions:

- Who wrote the information? Look for the author's name or organization.
- When was the information published? Check the date to ensure it's up-to-date.
- Is the information factual and accurate? Check the sources used in the article.
- Does the information match other sources? Compare what you found with other sources to verify its accuracy.

## Section 2: Evaluating Sources

### Subsection 2.1: Understanding Source Credibility
When searching for information, it's essential to evaluate the credibility of the source. Ask yourself these questions to determine if the information is reliable:

- Who wrote the information? Look for the author's credentials and expertise in the subject matter.
- What is the purpose of the website or publication? Is it to inform, entertain, or persuade?
- Are there any advertisements or sponsored content on the page? This could indicate a commercial purpose rather than an educational one.
- Is the information consistent with other sources? If not, it may be unreliable or misleading.

### Subsection 2.2: Recognizing Fake News
Fake news is intentionally misleading or fabricated information presented as factual. Here are some signs to look out for:

- Sensational language or exaggerated claims
- Lack of evidence or verifiable facts
- Misleading headlines or images
- Quotation marks around a statement that wasn't actually said by someone
- The article seems designed to provoke a specific reaction or opinion

## Section 3: Tips and Tricks

### Subsection 3.1: Using Advanced Search Operators
Advanced search operators allow you to refine your search and find more specific information. Some common ones include:

- "AND" - Combine multiple keywords to find pages containing all of them
- "OR" - Find synonyms or variations of a keyword
- "NOT" - Exclude certain words or phrases from your search
- ":" - Group keywords into categories (e.g., "python:programming language")

### Subsection 3.2: Bookmarking and Organizing Information
As you find information, it's essential to organize and store it for later use. Consider using a bookmarking tool like Pocket or Evernote to save articles and web pages for later reference.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned how to use search engines effectively, evaluate sources, and recognize fake news. We also covered some tips and tricks to help us find the information we need quickly and easily. By following these guidelines, you'll be well on your way to becoming an expert at finding information online.

## Glossary
- Search engine: A tool that helps you find information on the internet
- Keyword: A word or phrase that helps you find information
- Boolean operator: A word used to connect two or more keywords in a search
- Index: A database of information that a search engine uses to find relevant results
- Authority: A measure of the credibility or expertise of a source


text: The Holiday Inn - Berlin. Overview. The Holiday Inn Hotel Berlin City East is just a few kilometres from Alexanderplatz in Berlin-Mitte. In fact, Berlin's most fashionable districts of Mitte, Prenzlauer Berg, Friedrichshain and Kreuzberg are all within easy to reach of the hotel and can be accessed by the citywide tram service.. The modern 4-star hotel provides spacious and modern rooms with air conditioning. All the rooms have recently been freshly decorated with a new bright and airy design and the staff are there to help you in any way they can, around the clock.. This a a great option for business travelers as the hotel's ten business rooms come with a free WiFi internet connection and lots of modern conferencing technology. They are ideal for business travellers. Corporate customers also appreciate the location's proximity to branches of Coca Cola and IKEA.. Image © The Holiday Inn. Are you a business owner in Berlin?. Promote your business 365 days a year with the #1 Guide to Berlin.Find Out More

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Hotels

Overview: In this lesson, we will learn about hotels and their importance in the hospitality industry. We will explore the different types of hotels, their services, and amenities. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the role of hotels in the tourism industry and identify the best hotel for your next vacation.

Section 1: Introduction to Hotels

Hotels are commercial establishments that provide accommodation, food, and drink to travelers. They are an essential part of the hospitality industry, which includes restaurants, cafes, and other establishments that provide services to people away from home.

Types of Hotels:

There are different types of hotels, each with its unique features and services. Some of the common types of hotels include:

1. Luxury Hotels: These are high-end hotels that offer top-notch services and amenities. They are usually located in prime locations and cater to business travelers and high-end clients.

2. Budget Hotels: As the name suggests, budget hotels are cost-effective and offer basic amenities at a lower price point. They are ideal for travelers who are looking for affordable accommodation without compromising on quality.

3. Resorts: Resorts are usually located in remote areas and offer a range of activities such as swimming, golfing, and skiing. They are ideal for families and groups of friends who want to enjoy outdoor activities together.

4. Bed and Breakfast: Bed and breakfast establishments offer homestay accommodation and a complimentary breakfast. They are usually run by individuals who offer a personalized experience to their guests.

Section 2: Services and Amenities Offered by Hotels

Hotels offer a range of services and amenities to make their guests feel comfortable and at home. Some of the common services and amenities offered by hotels include:

1. Accommodation: Hotels provide comfortable and clean rooms for their guests to stay in.

2. Food and Drink: Most hotels have restaurants and bars where guests can enjoy a meal or a drink.

3. Recreation: Hotels offer recreational activities such as swimming, gym, spa, and sauna to help guests unwind and relax.

4. Concierge Services: Hotels provide concierge services to help guests plan their itinerary, book tickets, and make reservations.

5. Business Services: Hotels offer business services such as meeting rooms, conference facilities, and secretarial services to business travelers.

Section 3: Importance of Hotels in the Tourism Industry

Hotels play a crucial role in the tourism industry. They provide accommodation to travelers, which is an essential component of any trip. Hotels also contribute to the local economy by providing employment opportunities and generating revenue.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, hotels are essential components of the hospitality industry. They offer a range of services and amenities to make their guests feel comfortable and at home. By understanding the different types of hotels and their services, you can identify the best hotel for your next vacation.


text: Clan Nairn. Basic Info.. Nairn. Crest: A celestial globe on a stand Proper. Motto: Plus Ultra (More beyond this). Origin of Name: Territorial. Clan Chief: None, armigerous clan. >>view more Clan Nairn Facts. Tartan. Nairn Tartan. Nairn Clan tartan. >>view more Clan Nairn Tartans. Clan History. Nairn History. N.. Clan Lands. Nairn Lands. Nairn Map. we have created a google map for this Clan showing Clan Lands and Places.. View map >>. Clan Nairn Posts. Clan Nairn Gallery >>

textbook:
Lesson: Clan Nairn

Introduction:

Clan Nairn is a Scottish clan that has a rich history and heritage. In this lesson, we will learn about the basic information, tartan, clan history, and clan lands of Clan Nairn. We will also explore the meaning behind their motto and crest.

Basic Info:

- Clan Nairn is an armigerous clan, which means they do not have a recognized chief.
- The crest of Clan Nairn is a celestial globe on a stand, which represents their desire for knowledge and exploration.
- The motto of Clan Nairn is "Plus Ultra," which means "more beyond this" in Latin.

Tartan:

- Clan Nairn has its own tartan, which is a pattern of colored lines and squares on a piece of cloth.
- The tartan is made up of green, blue, black, and white lines and squares.
- Tartans are often used to represent a clan or family, and can be worn as a kilt or other garment.

Clan History:

- Clan Nairn has a long history that dates back to the 12th century.
- They were originally from the Highlands of Scotland and were known for their strength and bravery.
- In the 17th century, Clan Nairn fought in the Battle of Culloden, which was the last battle fought on British soil.

Clan Lands:

- Clan Nairn's clan lands are located in the Highlands of Scotland.
- The lands are known for their beautiful scenery and rugged terrain.
- Today, many people still live in the Clan Nairn lands and continue to honor their heritage.

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned about the basic information, tartan, clan history, and clan lands of Clan Nairn. We also explored the meaning behind their motto and crest. This information can be used to gain a better understanding of Scottish clans and their heritage. By studying the past, we can appreciate the traditions and customs that have been passed down through generations.

Glossary:

- Armigerous clan: a clan that does not have a recognized chief
- Crest: a symbolic representation of a clan or family
- Motto: a phrase or saying that represents a clan or family
- Tartan: a pattern of colored lines and squares on a piece of cloth
- Clan lands: the lands owned by a particular clan or family

Self-Debate Discussion:

Why is it important to study the history and traditions of different cultures? How can we apply this knowledge to our everyday lives?


text: George Nelson Teak Thin Edge Credenza by Herman Miller from the early 1960s featuring ceramic pulls, tapered aluminum legs, a pull out cutting board and cork bottom drawer with two adjustable shelves. A beautiful example of a modern classic, with all the earmarks of a great candidate for a collector; the cabinet is the long (three door) version, is fitted with what is considered to be the best hardware and is constructed of endangered teak wood, and retains its early production label. It is in very good condition with repairs to some pulls, and measures 33 in.H x 80 in.W x 18.5 in.D. $6,500.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Furniture Appraisal

**Lesson Overview:** In this lesson, we will learn about furniture appraisal and how to identify valuable pieces. We will focus on the George Nelson Teak Thin Edge Credenza by Herman Miller from the early 1960s as our example.

**Section 1: Introduction**

Furniture appraisal is the process of determining the value of a piece of furniture. This can be done for various reasons such as insurance, selling, or simply for personal interest. In this lesson, we will learn how to identify valuable pieces of furniture and discuss the factors that contribute to their value.

**Section 2: Identifying Valuable Pieces**

To identify valuable pieces of furniture, we need to look at several factors. These include the designer, the rarity of the piece, the condition, and the market demand.

**Subsection 2.1: Designer**

The designer of a piece of furniture can greatly influence its value. Furniture designed by well-known designers or architects is often more valuable than those designed by lesser-known individuals. In our example, the George Nelson Teak Thin Edge Credenza by Herman Miller is designed by a famous designer, which adds to its value.

**Subsection 2.2: Rarity**

Rarity is another factor that contributes to the value of a piece of furniture. If a piece is unique or rare, it is often more valuable than a common piece. In our example, the long (three door) version of the credenza is considered rare and adds to its value.

**Subsection 2.3: Condition**

The condition of a piece of furniture is also an important factor in determining its value. Furniture that is in excellent condition and has been well-maintained is often more valuable than furniture that is damaged or in poor condition. In our example, the credenza is in very good condition with repairs to some pulls.

**Subsection 2.4: Market Demand**

Market demand is another factor that can influence the value of a piece of furniture. If there is a high demand for a particular type of furniture, it may be more valuable than if there is low demand. In our example, the George Nelson Teak Thin Edge Credenza by Herman Miller is a popular piece, which adds to its value.

**Section 3: Practical Examples**

Now that we have discussed the factors that contribute to the value of a piece of furniture, let's look at some practical examples.

**Example 1**

Imagine you are appraising a chair designed by Charles Eames. The chair is made of plastic and metal and is in excellent condition. It was produced in the 1950s and is considered rare. Due to its rarity and the fact that it was designed by Charles Eames, the chair could be worth a significant amount of money.

**Example 2**

Now imagine you are appraising a table designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. The table is made of wood and glass and is in poor condition. It was produced in the 1930s and is not considered rare. Due to its poor condition and the fact that it was not designed by a well-known architect, the table may not be worth as much as the previous example.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

In conclusion, furniture appraisal is an important skill to have when dealing with valuable pieces of furniture. By considering the designer, rarity, condition, and market demand, we can determine the value of a piece of furniture. In our example, the George Nelson Teak Thin Edge Credenza by Herman Miller is a valuable piece due to its designer, rarity, and condition. By applying these principles to other pieces of furniture, we can accurately assess their value and make informed decisions when buying or selling furniture.

**Glossary**

- **Designer:** The person who created the furniture.
- **Rarity:** How common or unique the furniture is.
- **Condition:** The state of repair the furniture is in.
- **Market demand:** The level of interest in the furniture among buyers.

**Self-Debate Discussion:** Imagine you are trying to decide whether to purchase a piece of furniture. Use the principles learned in this lesson to help you determine if the furniture is worth the investment. Consider the designer, rarity, condition, and market demand when making your decision.


text: CHENNAI: To assist and guide students to hone their skills in mathematics and science, a free online formative assessment platform has been launched by a start-up company called MelonPrep.. Targeted at school students from Classes 6 to 12, it is the ultimate practice platform for students of ICSE, IGCSE, CBSE, IB and for those who aim to appear in competitive exams like JEE, NEET, GRE, GMAT, CAT, SAT.. Once the student logs on to, he/she will find an assessment platform over 100, 000 questions on a range of topics and concepts covering all the major exams in the mathematics and science subjects.. It complements teachers, coaching institutes and tutors with an application to create various preparatory tests and quizzes, and enables them to create customised assessments for their student community.. The name MelonPrep is the brainchild of two budding entrepreneurs Saurabh Mundra and Hussain Tambawala, a tribute to their university, Carnegie Mellon, and the experience they shared.

textbook:
**Lesson: Introduction to Formative Assessment**

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of formative assessment and its importance in learning mathematics and science.

**Level:** Primary through high school students

**Section 1: What is Formative Assessment?**

Formative assessment is a process used by teachers to monitor and evaluate student learning during classroom instruction. It provides ongoing feedback that can be used to improve teaching and learning.

**Section 2: Why is Formative Assessment Important?**

Formative assessment is important because it helps teachers identify areas where students are struggling and adjust instruction accordingly. This helps students learn more effectively and efficiently.

**Section 3: How does Formative Assessment work?**

Formative assessment involves a variety of strategies, including questioning, observation, and analysis of student work. Teachers use these strategies to gather information about student understanding and use this information to adapt their instruction.

**Section 4: Examples of Formative Assessment Strategies**

- Questioning: Teachers ask questions to check students' understanding of a concept or topic.
- Observation: Teachers watch students work to see if they understand the material being taught.
- Analysis of Student Work: Teachers look at students' written work or other projects to see if they demonstrate understanding of the material.

**Section 5: Practical Examples**

- A teacher notices that several students are struggling with a particular math problem. She stops the lesson and works with the class to solve the problem together.
- A science teacher observes a student conducting an experiment and provides feedback on how to improve the procedure.
- A language arts teacher reads a student's essay and provides feedback on grammar, sentence structure, and organization.

**Section 6: Conclusion**

Formative assessment is an important tool for teachers to use to improve student learning. By monitoring student progress and providing targeted feedback, teachers can help students overcome challenges and succeed in their studies.


text: Dr. Julio R. Banga: "Computational Optimization in Systems Biology". Dr. Julio R. Banga. IIM – CSIC, Spanish National Research Council. Computational Optimization in Systems Biology. Optimization aims to make a system or design as effective or functional as possible. Mathematical optimization methods are widely used in engineering, economics and science.. This talk is focused on applications of mathematical optimization in computational systems biology. Examples are given illustrating the use of optimization methods in topics including optimal model building, optimality in biochemical metabolic networks, optimization in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. Finally, several perspectives for future research will be outlined..

textbook:
**Title:** Introduction to Optimization in Systems Biology

**Overview:** In this lesson, we will learn about the concept of optimization and its application in systems biology. We will cover the basics of optimization, its importance in biological systems, and various examples of its use in the field. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the role of optimization in systems biology and apply it to solve real-world problems.

**Section 1: What is Optimization?**

Optimization is the process of making a system or design as effective or functional as possible. It involves finding the best solution from all possible solutions to meet a specific goal or objective. In systems biology, optimization plays a crucial role in understanding the behavior of complex biological systems and designing new ones.

**Section 2: Importance of Optimization in Systems Biology**

Biological systems are incredibly complex and dynamic. Understanding their behavior requires the use of mathematical models and optimization techniques. Optimization helps us:

- Identify the most efficient pathways in metabolic networks
- Design synthetic genes and organisms for specific functions
- Predict the behavior of biological systems under different conditions
- Improve the performance of biological systems through engineering

**Section 3: Examples of Optimization in Systems Biology**

There are several examples of optimization in systems biology, including:

1. Optimal model building: In this case, the goal is to find the simplest model that accurately represents the behavior of a biological system. Optimization techniques can be used to identify the most parsimonious model that explains the data.

2. Optimality in biochemical metabolic networks: Optimization can be used to identify the optimal flux distribution in metabolic networks, which is the set of rates at which reactions proceed. This information can be used to improve the efficiency of metabolic pathways and design new ones.

3. Optimization in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology: Optimization techniques can be used to design synthetic genes and organisms with specific functions. For example, researchers can use optimization to design a microorganism that efficiently produces a valuable chemical compound.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

In this lesson, we have learned about the concept of optimization and its application in systems biology. We have covered the basics of optimization, its importance in biological systems, and various examples of its use in the field. By applying optimization techniques, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the behavior of complex biological systems and design new ones with specific functions.

**Glossary:**

- Optimization: The process of making a system or design as effective or functional as possible.
- Metabolic network: A network of chemical reactions that occur within a living organism.
- Synthetic biology: The design and construction of new biological systems or devices.

**Self-Debate:**

- Why is optimization important in systems biology?
- How does optimization help researchers understand the behavior of complex biological systems?
- Can you think of any other applications of optimization in biology?


text: You’re going to need over an hour to watch this, but be sure you do. It’s the best documentary I’ve seen in ages. It’s mind blowingly epic.. The Pirate Bay’s founders Gottfrid Svartholm, Fredik Neij, and Peter Sunde have created the world’s best BitTorrent search engine and this documentary goes deep into The Pirate Bay’s operations, as well as the attempts of the film and music industries to bring them down.. Be sure to share it around.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to The Pirate Bay

## Section 1: Theory
The Pirate Bay is a website that allows users to search for and download torrents, which are files that contain metadata about other files. These torrents can be used to download movies, music, games, and other digital content. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of The Pirate Bay and how it works.

## Section 2: Practice
1. What does The Pirate Bay do?
- The Pirate Bay is a search engine that indexes torrent files.

2. How does The Pirate Bay make money?
- The Pirate Bay doesn't make money directly, but it does generate advertising revenue for its operators.

3. Why do people use The Pirate Bay?
- People use The Pirate Bay to find and download digital content such as movies, music, and games.

4. Is downloading content from The Pirate Bay legal?
- It depends on the country you live in. In some countries, downloading copyrighted material without permission is illegal, while in others it may be legal or tolerated.

5. How does The Pirate Bay stay online?
- The Pirate Bay has faced numerous legal challenges and domain seizures, but its operators have always managed to keep it online by changing domains and using proxy servers.

## Section 3: Application
Let's imagine you want to download a popular movie that was just released. You could search for it on The Pirate Bay and find a torrent file that contains the movie. Once you download the torrent file, your computer will connect to other computers that are sharing the same file. These computers are called seeders, and they have already downloaded the entire file. Your computer will then download pieces of the file from these seeders until you have the entire movie.

Glossary:
- Torrent: A file that contains metadata about other files.
- Metadata: Information about a file such as its name, size, and creation date.
- Seeder: A computer that has already downloaded the entire file and is sharing it with others.
- Peer-to-peer (P2P): A decentralized network where users share files directly with each other.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about The Pirate Bay, a website that allows users to search for and download torrents. We covered the basics of how it works, including how it generates advertising revenue and how it stays online. We also practiced some common questions about The Pirate Bay and applied our knowledge by imagining a scenario where we would use it to download a movie. By understanding how The Pirate Bay works, we can better appreciate its impact on the digital content industry and make informed decisions about our own use of the site.


text:
That is when I have my most vivid communications.I am not a medium in any way at all but do hear and see in dreams.My most vivid recollection of a dream and spirit communication was about two years ago.Never been able to work out it yet.May be some kind person here can fathom it out for me.Will place it under a different category.Petal

petal34 wrote:That is when I have my most vivid communications.I am not a medium in any way at all but do hear and see in dreams.My most vivid recollection of a dream and spirit communication was about two years ago.Never been able to work out it yet.May be some kind person here can fathom it out for me.Will place it under a different category.Petal

I'm taking up the blank space

Do you only see in dreams, Petal? And how you do you work on platform (if you do, that is).

petal34 wrote:That is when I have my most vivid communications.I am not a medium in any way at all but do hear and see in dreams.My most vivid recollection of a dream and spirit communication was about two years ago.Never been able to work out it yet.May be some kind person here can fathom it out for me.Will place it under a different category.Petal

I'm taking up the blank space

Do you only see in dreams, Petal? And how you do you work on platform (if you do, that is).

You are very welcome to it,Quiet. No,I am not a platform medium,far from it.I sense,I hear and I listen to the wise words of spirit.Many a good message and piece of good advice they have given me.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Dream Interpretation

Overview:
In this lesson, we will explore the basics of dream interpretation. We will learn about the different types of dreams, how to remember them, and how to analyze their meanings. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand your own dreams and use them as tools for personal growth and self-discovery.

Section 1: What are Dreams?
Dreams are a series of thoughts, images, sensations, or stories that occur in our minds during sleep. They are a natural part of human experience and can provide insights into our emotions, desires, and fears. Dreams can be influenced by our daily experiences, stressors, and memories.

Section 2: Types of Dreams
There are many different types of dreams, including:
- Lucid Dreams: These are dreams where you are aware that you are dreaming and can control your actions within the dream.
- Recurring Dreams: These are dreams that happen repeatedly over time, often with similar themes or characters.
- Nightmares: These are dreams that cause fear, anxiety, or distress.
- Daydreams: These are dream-like scenarios that occur while you are awake.

Section 3: How to Remember Your Dreams
To remember your dreams, try keeping a dream journal and writing down any details you can recall as soon as you wake up. You can also try setting an alarm to wake up during the night to record your dreams.

Section 4: Analyzing Your Dreams
Once you have remembered your dreams, you can begin to analyze their meanings. Here are some tips:
- Look for patterns or recurring themes in your dreams.
- Consider how your emotions and experiences may be influencing your dreams.
- Pay attention to symbols and metaphors in your dreams.
- Try to connect your dreams to your waking life and see if there are any common threads.

Section 5: Practice Exercise
Let's try analyzing a dream together. Imagine you had a dream last night about being lost in a forest. You felt scared and alone, but also excited to explore the unknown. You came across a clearing with a pond and saw a unicorn drinking from it. The unicorn turned and spoke to you, telling you that you were exactly where you needed to be.

Analysis:
- The forest represents uncertainty and new experiences.
- The pond symbolizes reflection and self-discovery.
- The unicorn is a symbol of guidance and support.
- The message from the unicorn suggests that you are exactly where you need to be on your journey of self-discovery.

Conclusion:
Dream interpretation is a powerful tool for personal growth and self-discovery. By understanding the meanings behind our dreams, we can gain valuable insights into our emotions, desires, and fears. Remember to keep a dream journal, pay attention to patterns and symbols, and connect your dreams to your waking life. With practice, you will become skilled at interpreting your own dreams and using them as a source of wisdom and inspiration.


text:
450 F.2d 1089
UNITED STATES of America, Appellee,v.Robert Eugene KENNEDY, Appellant.
No. 71-2000.
United States Court of Appeals,Ninth Circuit.
Nov. 15, 1971.Rehearing Denied Dec. 27, 1971.

John P. Moran, Phoenix, Ariz., for appellant.
Richard K. Burke, U. S. Atty., Phoenix, Ariz., for appellee.
Before CHAMBERS, MERRILL and KILKENNY, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:

1
Appellant was indicted, tried and convicted in a jury trial on two counts of violating 18 U.S.C. Sec. 2113(a) and (d) [bank robbery].

BACKGROUND

2
A Phoenix, Arizona bank was robbed on March 8, 1971.  That afternoon a teller (Layton) in the bank was asked to look at 50 to 60 photographs in what is commonly known as the "Mug" book.  She selected one of the pictures as "generally resembling" the robber.  Appellant's picture was not in the book.  On the evening of March 8, 1971, after flashing a huge roll of bills, appellant was arrested.  The serial numbers on some of the bills matched the "bait" money which was delivered to the bank robber.  That night appellant was photographed and his photo, together with six others, shown to Layton.  She selected appellant's photograph as that of the robber, though she said she could not make an "absolutely positive identification" from a photograph.  Prior to trial, appellant asked an FBI agent to arrange for a "line-up" so as to test the Layton identification.  The request was not granted.  On trial, Layton positively identified appellant as the robber and, on cross-examination, said that the photos played no role in the in-court identification process.

CONTENTIONS

3
Appellant argues: (1) that he had a constitutional right to have Layton's identification tested in a line-up, and (2) that certain questions propounded by the judge constituted prejudicial error.

LINE-UP

4
Appellant does not argue that the procedures used in presenting the photographs to Layton were impermissibly suggestive, in violation of the rule stated in Simmons v. United States, 390 U.S. 377, 384, 88 S.Ct. 967, 19 L.Ed.2d 1247 (1968) and Stovall v. Denno, 388 U.S. 293, 87 S.Ct. 1967, 18 L.Ed.2d 1199 (1967).  Instead, he argues that he was entitled, as a matter of right, to have the authorities assemble a group of people in what is known in police practice as a line-up.  Although Justice Sullivan's dissent in People v. Lawrence, 481 P.2d 212, 93 Cal.Rptr. 204 (1971), tends to support appellant's argument, the issue has been decided against him in United States v. MacDonald, 441 F.2d 259 (9th Cir. 1971) and United States v. Williams, 436 F.2d 1166, 1168 (9th Cir. 1970).  There is nothing in the record to indicate an abuse of discretion on the part of the trial judge.  Neither United States v. Wade, 388 U.S. 218, 87 S.Ct. 1926, 18 L.Ed.2d 1149 (1967), nor Gilbert v. California, 388 U.S. 263, 87 S.Ct. 1951, 18 L.Ed.2d 1178 (1967), apply to these facts.

JUDGE'S QUESTIONS

5
During the trial of the case, it is not unusual for a judge to ask questions of witnesses.  A judge in the federal system is more than a mere referee.  Our independent examination of the record convinces us that the questions were put in an impartial manner and propounded at intervals where there was apparent ambiguity and confusion in the testimony.  Nowhere, do we find questions which were impermissibly slanted, nor do we find even a trace of improper argumentation.  Cf. Ochoa v. United States, 167 F.2d 341 (9th Cir. 1948); Glasser v. United States, 315 U.S. 60, 82, 62 S.Ct. 457, 86 L.Ed. 680 (1942).  Moreover, the Judge's cautionary instructions were adequate to dispel any possible impropriety in the questioning.  Smith v. United States, 305 F.2d 197, 204 (9th Cir. 1962).

6
Affirmed.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Bank Robbery

In this lesson, we will learn about bank robbery and its legal implications. We will explore the case of United States of America v. Robert Eugene Kennedy, where the defendant was charged with bank robbery. Throughout this lesson, we will analyze the facts of the case, the legal provisions governing bank robbery, and the consequences of such an offense.

**Section 1: Background**

Bank robbery is a serious crime that involves taking money from a bank without permission. In this lesson, we will focus on the case of United States of America v. Robert Eugene Kennedy, where the defendant was charged with bank robbery.

**Section 2: Facts of the Case**

On March 8, 1971, a bank in Phoenix, Arizona was robbed. Later that day, a bank teller named Layton was shown a mug book containing 50 to 60 photographs. She selected one of the pictures as "generally resembling" the robber. Appellant's picture was not in the book. That evening, after flashing a huge roll of bills, appellant was arrested. The serial numbers on some of the bills matched the "bait" money which was delivered to the bank robber.

**Section 3: Legal Provisions**

18 U.S.C. Sec. 2113(a) and (d) govern bank robbery. According to these provisions, whoever "assaults any person having lawful charge, possession, custody or control of any [bank] vehicle, or any money or securities contained in such vehicle, with intent to rob, steal or take property which has been unlawfully taken from the [bank], or attempts to do so, shall be imprisoned not more than twenty-five years."

**Section 4: Consequences of Bank Robbery**

Bank robbery is a serious offense that carries severe consequences. If convicted, the perpetrator may face up to twenty-five years in prison. Additionally, bank robbery can result in significant financial losses for the bank and its customers.

**Section 5: Critical Thinking**

Why do you think bank robbers take the risk of committing such a serious crime? What are the potential consequences of bank robbery for the perpetrator and the community?

**Section 6: Glossary**

- Bank robbery: The act of stealing money from a bank without permission.
- Bait money: Fake money used to trap bank robbers.
- Mug book: A collection of photographs of suspects used by police to identify criminals.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, we have learned about the case of United States of America v. Robert Eugene Kennedy, where the defendant was charged with bank robbery. We explored the legal provisions governing bank robbery and the consequences of such an offense. We also engaged in critical thinking about why bank robbers take the risk of committing such a serious crime and the potential consequences for the perpetrator and the community.


text: From the day in 1513 that Balboa stared at the Pacific from a peak in Darien men dreamed of cutting a path from the Atlantic to the Pacific through the ‘Golden Isthmus’ of Panama. Not until the 19th century did the dream become a realistic engineering possibility. We have become blasé about scientific breakthroughs and technological innovation, but men and women of that age marvelled at the broad prospect opened up to humanity by the application of science, which would increase trade and wealth and, in their wake, foster international co-operation and lead humanity to ever-higher levels of civilisation. Ironic it was that the Panama Canal, the crowning achievement of 19th-century technology, was open on 14 August, 1914, just when such optimism was falling to earth.. Purchase your copy here, 10% off RRP. There are currently no comments for this article.

textbook:
Lesson: The History and Impact of the Panama Canal

Introduction:
The Panama Canal is a man-made waterway that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, allowing ships to pass through without having to navigate around South America. It was built over 100 years ago and has had a significant impact on global trade and commerce. In this lesson, we will explore the history and impact of the Panama Canal.

Section 1: The History of the Panama Canal

The idea of building a canal across the Isthmus of Panama dates back to the early 16th century when Spanish explorer Vasco Nunez de Balboa first saw the Pacific Ocean from a peak in Darien. However, it wasn't until the 19th century that the dream became a realistic engineering possibility.

In 1825, the French engineer Philippe-Thomas-Victor de Girard proposed a plan to build a ship canal across the Isthmus of Panama. However, the project was abandoned after 13 years of work due to financial difficulties and the death of many workers from yellow fever and other diseases.

It wasn't until 1904 that the United States took on the task of building the Panama Canal. The project was completed in 1914, just before the outbreak of World War I. The construction of the canal involved the relocation of thousands of workers and the excavation of millions of cubic meters of earth.

Section 2: The Impact of the Panama Canal

The opening of the Panama Canal had a significant impact on global trade and commerce. It allowed ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans much more quickly and easily than before, reducing the need for long detours around South America.

The canal also had a major impact on the economies of both the United States and Panama. The United States gained control of the canal zone and was able to exert significant influence over the country. Panama, on the other hand, benefited from the increased trade and commerce that the canal brought to the region.

The Panama Canal also played an important role in international relations. It helped to foster cooperation between nations and contributed to the growth of global trade.

Section 3: Critical Thinking Questions

1. How has the Panama Canal changed the way we think about global trade and commerce?
2. What were some of the challenges faced by the workers who built the Panama Canal?
3. How has the Panama Canal affected the relationship between the United States and Panama?

Glossary:
- Isthmus of Panama: A narrow strip of land that connects North and South America
- Yellow fever: A deadly disease caused by a virus and transmitted by mosquitoes
- Canal Zone: A term used to describe the area of Panama controlled by the United States during the construction and operation of the Panama Canal

Conclusion:
The Panama Canal is a remarkable feat of engineering and has had a profound impact on global trade and commerce. By providing a quick and easy route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, the canal has helped to foster international cooperation and contribute to the growth of the global economy.


text: >>>>> "Wichert" == Wichert Akkerman <wakkerma@wiggy.ml.org> writes: Wichert> You mean using a libperl.so? As soon as that's introduced Wichert> (which was promised at least 3 months ago) I'll make a Wichert> vim package which uses libperl. We can then harnass the Wichert> power of vi and perl in one app... emacses beware! But you can do that *now* using libperl.a. It's just more efficient to use libperl.so. --

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Communication in Open Source Communities

Introduction:
Communication is a crucial aspect of open source communities. It allows members to collaborate effectively, share ideas, and solve problems together. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of communication in open source communities and learn about different communication tools and strategies used by developers.

Section 1: The Importance of Communication in Open Source Communities

Topic 1: Why is communication important in open source communities?
- Communication helps to build trust and understanding among community members
- It enables collaboration and the sharing of knowledge and expertise
- Good communication leads to better quality code and faster development cycles

Topic 2: How does communication happen in open source communities?
- Communication happens through various channels such as email lists, chat rooms, and forums
- Developers also communicate through code reviews and pull requests
- Communication can also happen through social media platforms and blogs

Section 2: Communication Tools and Strategies

Topic 1: Email Lists
- Email lists are a popular communication tool in open source communities
- They allow developers to discuss issues, share ideas, and ask questions
- Email lists can be moderated or unmoderated, and they can be public or private

Topic 2: Chat Rooms
- Chat rooms are another popular communication tool in open source communities
- They allow for real-time discussion and collaboration
- Chat rooms can be used for general discussions or for problem-solving sessions

Topic 3: Forums
- Forums are a more structured communication tool than chat rooms or email lists
- They allow developers to create threads for specific topics or issues
- Forums can be used for longer discussions or for documenting decisions and actions

Section 3: Practical Examples

Topic 1: Code Reviews
- Code reviews are a form of communication between developers
- They involve reviewing someone else's code to provide feedback and suggestions for improvement
- Code reviews can be done through email, chat rooms, or through tools like GitHub or GitLab

Topic 2: Pull Requests
- Pull requests are another form of communication between developers
- They involve proposing changes to a project and asking for feedback and approval from other developers
- Pull requests can be discussed through email lists, chat rooms, or through tools like GitHub or GitLab

Conclusion:
Communication is essential in open source communities. It allows developers to work together, share ideas, and solve problems. By using different communication tools and strategies, developers can collaborate more effectively and produce higher-quality code. This skill is transferable to many other areas of life, so take the time to practice your communication skills and watch your collaborations flourish.

Glossary:
- Open Source: Software whose source code is available to the public for use, modification, and distribution
- Community: A group of people who share a common interest or goal
- Collaboration: Working with others to achieve a shared goal
- Code Review: The process of examining and evaluating source code to ensure it meets certain criteria, such as quality or style
- Pull Request: A request to merge changes from a contributor into the main codebase of a project.


text: Safe-T. tethered drone station. Safe-T is a power supply station for tethered UAVs which is manufactured and marketed by elistair. Throughout a continuous dialogue with this partner, we have completed a relevant usage scenario in order to settle the design inputs of a simple and easy to use product. Connectors and user interface are integrated onto a suitcase that hosts a motorised rewinder. The tether has two main functions: it supplies power to the UAV and transfers the collected datas down to the station. We have designed a set of special parts in order to allow the tether to pass through the suitcase and to connect it to the UAV. Moreover, we have designed a dedicated drone hull that integrates a carrying handle.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Designing a Power Supply Station for Tethered Drones

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about designing a power supply station for tethered drones. We will cover the following topics:

1. Understanding the usage scenario for tethered drones
2. Design inputs for a simple and easy-to-use product
3. Integration of connectors and user interface onto a suitcase
4. Design of special parts for the tether to pass through the suitcase
5. Design of a dedicated drone hull that integrates a carrying handle

Usage Scenario for Tethered Drones:
Tethered drones are used in various applications such as surveillance, telecommunications, and environmental monitoring. They are attached to a ground station by a tether cable that provides power and data transfer. The tether cable also prevents the drone from flying away.

Design Inputs for a Simple and Easy-to-Use Product:
When designing a power supply station for tethered drones, the following design inputs are considered:

1. Simplicity: The product should be easy to use and require minimal training.
2. Portability: The product should be lightweight and easy to transport.
3. Durability: The product should be able to withstand harsh environmental conditions.
4. Safety: The product should not pose any risk to the operator or the surrounding environment.

Integration of Connectors and User Interface onto a Suitcase:
The motorized rewinder is integrated into a suitcase that hosts a user interface. This allows the operator to easily manage the tether and control the power supply. The suitcase also includes connectors for the tether cable and the drone.

Design of Special Parts for the Tether to Pass Through the Suitcase:
Special parts are designed to allow the tether to pass through the suitcase without any interference. These parts include a tether guide and a tether clamp. The tether guide ensures that the tether is properly aligned, while the tether clamp secures the tether in place.

Design of a Dedicated Drone Hull that Integrates a Carrying Handle:
A dedicated drone hull is designed to integrate a carrying handle. This makes it easier to transport the drone to and from the power supply station. The drone hull also includes a landing pad for the tether cable.

Conclusion:
In summary, designing a power supply station for tethered drones requires careful consideration of the usage scenario, design inputs, and safety requirements. By integrating a motorized rewinder, connectors, and a user interface onto a suitcase, special parts for the tether, and a dedicated drone hull with a carrying handle, a simple and easy-to-use product can be created.

Glossary:
- Tether: A cable that connects the drone to the ground station and provides power and data transfer
- Ground station: A station on the ground that provides power and data transfer to the drone
- Motorized rewinder: A device that winds up the tether cable when the drone is not in use
- User interface: A display and control panel that allows the operator to manage the power supply station
- Connectors: Devices that connect the tether cable and the drone to the power supply station
- Dedicated drone hull: A shell designed specifically for a particular type of drone

Self-Debating Discussion:
What other factors should be considered when designing a power supply station for tethered drones? How might these factors affect the design inputs and overall functionality of the product?