text:
im planning on making a cherry wheat ale, my question is im going to use real cherries, should i boil them with the wort, and then leave them in when i tranfer to the primary fermentation, or should i take them out after the boil, im quite new to home brewing so any suggestion will help this will be a partial mash brew

First, don't boil the fruit. You'll set the pectin and form a permanent haze in your beer.

My experience with fruit is that it's best to add it to the secondary or the primary fermenter after the initial fermentation is complete. Otherwise, during primary fermentation the CO2 tends to scrub out a lot of the flavor from the fruit.

im looking for a hazy brew with this recipe a lot like a hefewiezen, im just wondering whats the best way to use fruit with the best flavor, cause ive also heard that cider yeast allows the most flavor from fruit,

Hi, I am a big fan of fruit beers, and particularly of Lambic style, after doing allot of research I decided to do it the traditional way, here are the steps:

I made a wheat beer and used Wyeast 5278 Lambic blend, it has two Brettanomyces strains and Lactic cultures, fermented in primary for ~1 week, then I added the pitted cherry's (8lbs) in a grain bag with Wyeast 5733 Pediococcus cerevisea, another lactic bacteria for added acidity for one more week in the same primary, acidity is important if you do not want your beer to taste like fruit juice.

I made sure to wash the fruit well, and being that Brettanomyces is basically a wild yeast I was not to worried with contamination.

Now the hard part, transfer in carboy and let it rest in a dark cool area for one YEAR!!

8 months after that,brew a new batch of the same wheat recipe but no fruit, and with the Wyeast 3763 Roeselare , a VSS strain of the month, and let it rest for the remaining 4 months.

After 12 months mix the new and "old" beer together, with a second Wyeast 3763 Roeselare Lambic blend for carbonating in bottles, (this is optional, this particular yeast is still semi active even after 4 months).

*very important, before brewing any other new batch, make sure to clean and sanitize everything , that came in contact with the yeast 3 times, wild yeast is very resistant, the equipment I use for brewing fruit beers is only dedicated for that purpose*

My newest batch will be ready next August, 12 gallons of premium beer!

They have been doing this in Belgium abbeys for century's, they go as far as having open tubs in a middle of a field, all the pollen wild yeast fall in the beer, (and bugs), then they filter it to secondary fermentation, this is done in oak barrels, which you need to add more worth in it,because of evaporation, because wood barrels are not air tight.

Anyways, for my first post it is a long one. To some up if you use the proper techniques, everything is possible.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Use Fruit in Home Brewing

Introduction:
Fruit adds a unique flavor to beer, making it a popular ingredient in home brewing. However, adding fruit to beer can be tricky, and it requires careful consideration of the brewing process. In this lesson, we will explore the best ways to use fruit in home brewing, including tips on selecting the right fruit, choosing the appropriate brewing method, and adding fruit during different stages of the brewing process.

Section 1: Selecting the Right Fruit

Topic 1: Types of Fruit
Fruit can be classified into two main categories: stone fruits (e.g., cherries, apricots) and berries (e.g., raspberries, blueberries). Stone fruits are typically used in Lambic-style beers, while berries are often used in fruit beers.

Topic 2: Fresh vs. Dried Fruit
Fresh fruit has a higher moisture content, which can lead to off-flavors in beer. Therefore, it is recommended to use dried fruit in home brewing. However, if you want to use fresh fruit, it is essential to remove as much moisture as possible before adding it to the beer.

Topic 3: Choosing the Right Variety
Choose a variety of fruit that is known for its flavor profile. For example, if you want a tart flavor, choose a variety of fruit that is known for its high acidity.

Section 2: Brewing Methods

Topic 1: All-Grain Brewing
If you are using a large amount of fruit, it is best to use an all-grain brewing method. This method involves mashing grains to extract sugars, which are then boiled with water and hops to create wort. The wort is then cooled and transferred to a fermenter, where yeast is added to start the fermentation process.

Topic 2: Extract Brewing
If you are using a small amount of fruit, you can use an extract brewing method. This method involves boiling extract with water and hops to create wort, which is then cooled and transferred to a fermenter.

Section 3: Adding Fruit During Different Stages of Brewing

Topic 1: Mashing
Do not add fruit to the mash, as it can cause the enzymes to break down the fruit's pectin, leading to a permanent haze in the beer.

Topic 2: Boiling
Do not boil the fruit with the wort, as it can cause the fruit to become tough and unpalatable. Instead, add the fruit to the boiling wort for a few minutes, then transfer it to the fermenter.

Topic 3: Fermentation
Add the fruit to the primary or secondary fermenter after the initial fermentation is complete. This allows the fruit to infuse its flavor into the beer without being scrubbed out by CO2 during primary fermentation.

Conclusion:
Adding fruit to beer can be a fun and exciting process, but it requires careful consideration of the brewing method and the stage at which the fruit is added. By following the guidelines outlined in this lesson, you can create a delicious fruit beer that showcases the unique flavors of the fruit.

Glossary:
- Fruit: A sweet, edible part of a plant that grows on a tree or bush
- Pectin: A type of fiber found in the cell walls of fruits and vegetables
- Primary fermentation: The first stage of fermentation, where yeast converts sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide
- Secondary fermentation: The second stage of fermentation, where yeast continues to convert sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide, but does not produce more CO2
- Lambic: A type of Belgian beer that is brewed with spontaneous fermentation and aged in oak barrels.


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source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Customer Service in Business
Introduction:
Customer service is an essential part of any business. It is the backbone of any company's success. Good customer service can lead to repeat business, positive word-of-mouth advertising, and increased sales. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of customer service in business and how it can benefit companies.
Section 1: The Role of Customer Service in Business
Topic 1: What is Customer Service?
- Customer service refers to the assistance and advice provided by a company to its customers before, during, and after the purchase of a product or service.
- It involves addressing customer concerns and complaints, providing information about products or services, and ensuring that customers have a positive experience with the company.
Topic 2: Why is Customer Service Important?
- Customer service is important because it helps to build trust and loyalty between a company and its customers.
- When customers have a positive experience with a company, they are more likely to do business with that company again in the future.
- Good customer service can also lead to positive word-of-mouth advertising, which can attract new customers to the company.
Section 2: The Benefits of Good Customer Service
Topic 1: Increased Sales
- Companies that provide good customer service are more likely to make sales because customers are more likely to do business with them again.
- Customers who have a positive experience with a company are also more likely to refer their friends and family to that company.
Topic 2: Improved Brand Image
- Good customer service can improve a company's brand image and reputation.
- When customers have a positive experience with a company, they are more likely to talk about it with others and recommend the company to others.
- This can lead to improved brand image and reputation, which can attract new customers to the company.
Section 3: How to Provide Good Customer Service
Topic 1: Listen Actively
- One of the most important aspects of good customer service is listening actively to what the customer is saying.
- This means paying attention to what the customer is saying, asking questions, and understanding their concerns and needs.
Topic 2: Respond Promptly
- Customers expect prompt responses when they reach out to a company with a concern or question.
- Companies that respond quickly to customer inquiries and concerns are more likely to build trust and loyalty with their customers.
Topic 3: Take Ownership of the Problem
- If a customer has a problem or concern, it is important for the company to take ownership of the issue and work to resolve it.
- This shows the customer that the company cares about their concerns and is willing to work to resolve them.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, customer service is an essential part of any business. It is the backbone of any company's success. Good customer service can lead to repeat business, positive word-of-mouth advertising, and increased sales. By providing good customer service, companies can improve their brand image and reputation, increase sales, and attract new customers. By listening actively, responding promptly, and taking ownership of the problem, companies can provide excellent customer service and build trust and loyalty with their customers.


text:
A plan of action

It’s an old adage but it still holds true: if you fail to plan, you plan to fail. Mixing It Up is no different. The good news is that everyday farming practices – like rotation, selection and seeding – are effective ways you can take action against resistance.

Here are ways you can incorporate diversity into your plan moving forward.

Herbicide management

Rotate herbicides and Groups

Managing herbicide resistance depends on rotating modes of action. Weeds that possess the inherent ability to survive an application of certain herbicides eventually multiply and spread, and can create potential problems down the road.

Field management

The importance of field records

If you don’t have a record of what’s been sprayed on which field over the past 5 years, it’s time to start one. If you only have product names in your records, they need to be translated into herbicide Groups. For example, if you find that you have been spraying Group 1 herbicides for 4 out of the past 5 years on the same field, it may explain why your weed control program is losing its punch.

Crop rotation

Rotating crops annually adds diversity to the field cropping system, and diversity increases the sustainability of the system. It provides the platform for long-term weed management. A well-planned crop rotation can:

Reduce the impact of weeds, insects and diseases, leading to higher yields

Lower input costs in some rotational crops

Use more competitive crops to control weeds in some years

Help manage crop residue

Provide diversified marketing options

Give you the option to choose different herbicide Groups

Seeding

Seed competitive varieties and increase seeding rates to enhance a crop's ability to compete more effectively with weeds. Varying seeding dates and decreasing row spacings are other options. Even herbicide-resistant weeds are still susceptible to crop competition for space, moisture, sunlight and nutrients.

A very effective way to prevent herbicide resistance is to seed your problem field last*. Delaying seeding allows the weeds to grow so you can eliminate them.

*Source: 5 year UK study supports this seeding later

Tillage

If tillage is an option, for minimum till or no-till operations the consideration of selective tillage adds a tool to your toolbox. Focus on problematic weed patches.

Fertility

Crops that get a head start on weeds through proper fertility are going to be more competitive. Plan a fertility program for the crop; feed the crop, not weeds.

Sample collection for HR testing

If, after going through these warning signs, you suspect that you have a resistant weed population, collect a sample of the plants and/or seeds for testing. See Resources for contact information for herbicide resistance testing sites.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Herbicide Resistance and Managing Diversity in Crops

Introduction:
Herbicide resistance is a common problem in agriculture, leading to reduced crop yields and increased costs for farmers. Understanding the causes of herbicide resistance and implementing strategies to manage diversity in crops is essential for sustainable farming practices. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of herbicide resistance and learn how to incorporate diversity into our plan moving forward.

Section 1: Understanding Herbicide Resistance

Topic 1: What is Herbicide Resistance?
- Herbicide resistance is a condition where weeds become immune to the effects of herbicides due to genetic changes.
- This occurs when the same herbicide is used repeatedly, selecting for weeds that can survive its effects.
- Over time, these resistant weeds can multiply and spread, causing problems for farmers trying to control them.

Topic 2: Causes of Herbicide Resistance
- Prolonged use of the same herbicide on a particular field
- Genetic mutations in weed populations that allow them to survive the effects of herbicides
- Drift of herbicides onto non-target areas, causing exposure to susceptible weeds

Section 2: Managing Diversity in Crops

Topic 1: Rotation
- Rotating crops annually adds diversity to the field cropping system, reducing the chances of herbicide-resistant weeds developing.
- This involves planting different crops in sequence, each with its own specific herbicide requirements.
- Rotation helps prevent the buildup of resistant weed populations and reduces the need for herbicides overall.

Topic 2: Selection
- Selecting herbicides with different modes of action can help prevent the development of resistance in weed populations.
- Using multiple herbicides with different mechanisms of action reduces the likelihood of weeds developing resistance to all of them.
- This approach requires careful planning and monitoring to ensure effective weed control while minimizing the risk of resistance.

Topic 3: Seeding
- Seeding rates can influence the effectiveness of herbicides in controlling weeds.
- Planting at the recommended rate ensures that the herbicide is applied at the appropriate concentration, maximizing its effectiveness.
- Using the correct seeding rate also helps prevent the development of resistant weed populations by ensuring that the herbicide is applied effectively.

Section 3: Conclusion
In conclusion, understanding herbicide resistance and managing diversity in crops is essential for sustainable farming practices. By rotating crops, selecting herbicides with different modes of action, and seeding at the recommended rate, farmers can reduce the risk of herbicide-resistant weeds developing and maintain effective weed control. Implementing these strategies will help ensure long-term crop productivity and profitability.

Glossary:
- Herbicide: A chemical substance used to control unwanted plants, such as weeds, in agricultural settings.
- Mode of action: The specific biochemical or physiological process by which a herbicide works to control weeds.
- Resistance: The ability of a weed population to survive the effects of herbicides due to genetic changes.

In summary, this lesson has provided an overview of herbicide resistance and strategies for managing diversity in crops. By understanding the causes of resistance and implementing strategies such as rotation, selection, and seeding, farmers can reduce the risk of herbicide-resistant weeds developing and maintain effective weed control.


text: 100 Questions Family Card Game. Description. The 100 Questions Family Card Game is a set of 100 question cards designed to elicit lively discussions and meaningful conversations with those close to you. It isn’t always easy for families to relate, and good conversation plays a part in building strong connections between generations. Inside this box you will find one hundred (100) carefully composed questions designed to get you into imaginative, thought-provoking conversations between children and adults.. Split into categories, these cards cover topics including Family, Life, Personality, School & Education, Careers, Friendship & Hobbies, Technology, and the World & Space.. Let’s get started! If humans were able to, would you want to live on Mars? If you had to join someone else’s family, which family would you choose?. Dimensions. 100 Questions Family Card Game measures 6.25” L x 4.75” W x 2.25” H. Safety & Care. Recommended for ages 3+

textbook:
Lesson: Conversation Starters with Family

Introduction:
Conversation is an essential aspect of human interaction. It helps us to connect with others, share ideas, and learn from each other. However, starting a conversation, especially with family members, can sometimes be challenging. This lesson will teach you how to use conversation starters to initiate meaningful discussions with your family.

Section 1: Understanding the Importance of Conversation

Topic 1: Why do we need conversation starters?
- Conversation starters are essential because they help break the ice and create a comfortable environment for talking.
- They can help you avoid awkward silences and make it easier to engage in meaningful discussions.

Topic 2: The benefits of having conversations with family
- Conversations with family members can help strengthen relationships and create deeper bonds.
- They provide opportunities to learn about each other's lives, interests, and opinions.
- Conversations can also be a source of entertainment, education, and inspiration.

Section 2: Choosing the Right Conversation Starter

Topic 1: Types of conversation starters
- There are many types of conversation starters, including personal questions, opinion-based questions, and funny or interesting facts.
- The best conversation starter will depend on the group and the situation.

Topic 2: Considering the audience
- Before choosing a conversation starter, consider who you will be talking to.
- For example, if you are talking to younger family members, you may want to choose a more lighthearted conversation starter.

Section 3: Using Conversation Starters Effectively

Topic 1: How to ask a conversation starter
- When asking a conversation starter, be sure to listen actively and show genuine interest in the response.
- This will help create a more engaging conversation and encourage others to open up.

Topic 2: Keeping the conversation going
- Once you have asked a conversation starter, be prepared to follow up with additional questions or comments.
- This will help keep the conversation flowing and show that you are interested in what the other person has to say.

Section 4: Examples of Conversation Starters

Topic 1: Personal Questions
- What was the happiest moment of your week?
- What did you do today that made you feel proud?
- What is something new that you have learned recently?

Topic 2: Opinion-Based Questions
- If you could travel anywhere in the world, where would you go?
- What is your favorite type of music?
- Do you prefer dogs or cats?

Topic 3: Funny or Interesting Facts
- Did you know that the human nose can detect over 1 trillion different scents?
- Did you know that the world's largest pizza had 13,398 pounds of cheese?
- Did you know that some species of octopuses are able to change color and shape to blend into their surroundings?

Conclusion:
In conclusion, conversation starters are a great way to initiate meaningful discussions with family members. By considering the audience and using effective communication techniques, you can create a comfortable environment for talking and learning from each other. Remember to listen actively, show genuine interest, and follow up with additional questions or comments. With these tips in mind, you will be well on your way to having engaging and enjoyable conversations with your family.

Glossary:
- Conversation: A discussion between two or more people.
- Icebreaker: A question or activity that helps to create a more comfortable atmosphere for talking.
- Active listening: Paying attention to the speaker and showing that you are engaged in what they are saying.


text:
Help us to use growing and good food to tackle loneliness and foster intergenerational relationships!

We are looking to bring together parents, their toddlers and elders on to a farm to garden, cook food, share lunches and build community. At the end of all that our members will take home a small veg box of our organic produce every week.

Every weekday we want to get five parents, five toddlers and three or four elders out on to the farm. They will spend a couple of hours in the morning helping out on the farm with watering, transplanting, starting off seeds, tending to our small livestock and picking and prepping produce. We will then pick food for lunch, prepare it together and sit down as a community to break bread together.

We want to build five small individual communities on each day of the week so will be inviting people to come along on the same day every week therefore ensuring that they build lasting relatonships with their fellow attendees.

After we've eaten, at the end of each session, each member will leave with a small veg box of our produce.

Who are we?

He is Tim, a stay at home dad and recent graduate of a masters in mechanical engineering whose change of career trajectory is driven by a passion for seeing children brought into right relationship with nature and with communities. She is Noa, a toddler who is obsessed with pandas, dogs and constantly opening the fridge to eat butter with her hands.

Why are we doing this?

For us it is important that children engage with elders as there is wealth of wisdom waiting to be passed down to them. Bringing together elders and children not only addresses that issue but starts to tackle loneliness, as we know that there is a high percentage of both older people and stay at home parents who are socially isolated.

Inclusivity

We will be running the farm based on gift economy principles. We will be seeking a payment for the services that we are offering but, apart from annual membership, we will not demand a payment. We are aware that reaching out to people who are lonely is made harder by the fact that they are often hard to reach, be that physically or financially. So we will be open to discussions with anyone who wishes to join but feels that they can not guarantee that they can afford it every week.

Annual Membership

An annual membership normally costs £30, we have a reward to get one for £25(!), and this covers admin costs, gives us a small steady financial income for every member to allow us to operate in the gift, and, as a community farm building communities we aren't open to anyone to wander on to the farm whilst we are hosting toddlers and vulnerable adults, so that ensures that every other member knows that we have a process that soft vets everyone engaging in the project.

Why are we crowdfunding?

We are crowdfunding to turn an overgrown plot of Bristol City Council land into a productive market garden. The council have already granted us a long lease and are preparing the contract for us to sign as we crowdfund! The money we are raising will go towards.

A polytunnel - a large brand new polytunnel that not only allows us to grow plants under cover but doubles as shelter for changing a toddler, eating together on rainy days and sheltering from typical British weather.

Compost for our no dig beds - we are aiming to spread a lot of compost, partly to use no dig principles, partly as we want some of the space to be made up of raised beds to be wheelchair friendly.

A composting toilet - need we say more!

A wide range of tools - enough so that if everyone wants to work cooperatively on the task they can!

The infrastructure for small backyard animals - free range doesn't mean they get to come home and sleep in my bed!

Governance

We are aiming to run this venture as a not-for-profit social enterprise and will be soon submitting the governance documents to incorporate as a community interest company (CIC). What that means in effect is that there will be an asset lock, so in the case of us winding down we transfer our assets to a registered charity, and that we will be reinvesting all our profits either back into the company or the local community.

Rewards

If you can help us out by donating to us not only will you know that you are helping our project take it's first steps to tackle loneliness and help bring together people to form multi-generational communities.

Joining the farm as a member is unfortunately not a guarantee that you will be able to be involved in the programme we wish to run every day, that is dependent upon the level of interest that we have. However, it does entitle you to come on any of our Open Days, every Saturday and know that if by only visiting once a week, once a fortnight, or once a year you are still helping and being part of a fantastic project.

We are also offering a potted tomato guild, which is a large pot with a tomato staked in the centre and salad plants growing around it that, although not enough to keep everyone in salad over a summer will be a nice addition to a balcony or patio.

If you name a chicken or a duck we will provide you with a monthly newsletter emailed to you to let you know how the little fella is getting along.

If you want to come to out launch party it will be in June on a Saturday with dishes prepared from vegetables picked from the farm and a large BBQ on offer, with music to follow later on in the evening.

And if you want to hit the real jackpot we will be opening up the farm to eight lucky people for three three course meal cooked completely with vegetables from the farm and organic meat from a local supplier. There are only five of these up for grabs so either the first Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday or Friday of July, August and September. Not only will you be helping out a great cause but offering your friends a farily unique experience with a 3 course meal set in the summer sun in the midst of a blooming market garden.

However, if all you want to do is get a high five and cuddle a cute animal then please donate all the same. Any amount is greatefully recieved.

With your help we can start tackling loneliness and growing organic food and strong communities!!!

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Community and Intergenerational Relationships

Introduction:
Community is an essential part of human life. It refers to a group of people living in the same area or having the same interests. Intergenerational relationships are those between people of different generations, such as grandparents, parents, and grandchildren. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of community and intergenerational relationships, and how they can help us tackle loneliness and foster strong connections.

Section 1: The Benefits of Community
Topic 1: Tackling Loneliness
- Loneliness is a common feeling that many people experience, especially in today's fast-paced world.
- Being part of a community can help alleviate loneliness by providing a sense of belonging and connection.
- Communities can offer support, understanding, and companionship, which can help combat feelings of isolation and loneliness.

Topic 2: Building Strong Connections
- Intergenerational relationships are important because they bring different perspectives and experiences into one space.
- By interacting with people of different ages, we can learn from their experiences and gain new insights into the world.
- Intergenerational relationships can also provide emotional support and guidance, as well as create lasting memories and bonds.

Section 2: The Role of Farm-to-Table Programs
Topic 1: Growing Good Food
- Farm-to-table programs aim to connect communities with local farmers and producers to promote healthy eating and sustainable agriculture.
- By growing and cooking good food together, communities can bond over shared experiences and learn about nutrition and healthy eating habits.
- Farm-to-table programs can also help reduce food waste and support local economies.

Topic 2: Sharing Lunches and Building Community
- Sharing meals is an essential aspect of building community because it brings people together around the table to enjoy good food and company.
- By preparing and sharing lunches, participants in farm-to-table programs can develop a sense of camaraderie and mutual respect.
- This shared experience can lead to more meaningful conversations and relationships, as well as foster a greater appreciation for the food we eat.

Section 3: Applying Skills to New Problems
Topic 1: The Power of Community
- The skills learned in a farm-to-table program, such as gardening, cooking, and sharing meals, can be applied to other areas of life.
- For example, these skills can be used to build community in other settings, such as schools or workplaces.
- By applying these skills, individuals can create a sense of belonging and connection in any environment.

Topic 2: The Importance of Intergenerational Relationships
- Intergenerational relationships are essential for promoting understanding and empathy between different age groups.
- By engaging in meaningful conversations and activities with people of different ages, individuals can gain new perspectives and learn from each other's experiences.
- Intergenerational relationships can also provide support and guidance, as well as create lasting bonds that can benefit everyone involved.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, community and intergenerational relationships are crucial for promoting social connections and combating loneliness. Farm-to-table programs offer an excellent opportunity to build these relationships while also learning about healthy eating and sustainable agriculture. By applying the skills learned in these programs to other areas of life, individuals can create a greater sense of community and connection in their daily lives.


text: This famous debate, as much as any single event or idea, hammered the first real wedge that began to split apart science and religion.. But evolution? Now that’s a horse of a different color. Any Londoner wealthy enough to purchase a copy of Origin and educated enough to understand it would nod in agreement with Darwin.1 Comment. This is Part 14 of a series of approximately sixty posts that outline evidence, support, and explanations for evolution. Receive updates and notification of all posts from dennismitton.com by selecting…Leave a Comment

textbook:
**Title:** Introduction to Evolution

**Lesson Objectives:**
- To introduce the concept of evolution
- To explain how evolution works
- To provide examples of how evolution has occurred in different organisms

**Introduction:**
Evolution is the process by which different species of organisms develop and change over time. It is a fundamental concept in biology and is the basis for understanding how living things have evolved and adapted to their environments. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of evolution, including how it works, how it has occurred in different organisms, and how it can be observed in the natural world.

**Main Topic:** What is Evolution?

**Theory:**
Evolution is the process by which different species of organisms develop and change over time. It is driven by natural selection, which is the process by which organisms with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than others. Over many generations, these advantageous traits become more common in the population, leading to the evolution of new species.

**Practical Examples:**
One example of evolution is the peppered moth. In the early 1800s, most peppered moths were light-colored, which allowed them to blend in with the trees and avoid predators. However, during the Industrial Revolution, pollution darkened the trees, making light-colored moths more visible to predators. As a result, dark-colored moths became more common, as they were better able to avoid predation.

Another example is the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. When antibiotics were first introduced, they killed most bacteria. However, some bacteria were able to survive and reproduce because they had mutations that allowed them to resist the effects of the antibiotics. Over time, these resistant bacteria became more common, leading to the evolution of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.

**Conclusion:**
In this lesson, we have introduced the concept of evolution and provided examples of how it has occurred in different organisms. Evolution is a fundamental concept in biology and is essential for understanding how living things have developed and adapted to their environments over time. By studying evolution, we can gain insights into the history of life on Earth and the processes that have shaped the world around us.


text: Project Type: Research and Education. Funds awarded in 1993: $109,000.00. Projected End Date: 12/31/1995. Matching Federal Funds: $10,000.00. Matching Non-Federal Funds: $244,160.00. Region: North Central. State: Nebraska. Project Coordinator:. Wyatt Fraas. Center for Rural Affairs. Description:. Abstract for a Conference talk discuessing the need for sustainable practices in farming and beginning farmers using those practices on the Great Plains.. Type:. Conference/Presentation Material. File:. Download file (PDF). Target audience:. Farmers/Ranchers. Ordering info:. Cost: $0.00. This product is associated with the project "Beginning Farmer Sustainable Agriculture Project"

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Sustainable Agriculture

## Section 1: What is Sustainable Agriculture?
Sustainable agriculture is a way of farming that focuses on producing food and other products while also protecting the environment, supporting the community, and being economically viable. It involves using methods that are eco-friendly and do not harm the land, water, or air. This approach is important because it ensures that we can continue to produce food and other products without depleting our natural resources.

## Section 2: Why is Sustainable Agriculture Important?
Sustainable agriculture is important for several reasons. First, it helps to preserve the environment by reducing pollution, conserving water, and preventing soil erosion. Second, it supports the local economy by keeping money within the community. Finally, it promotes healthy lifestyles by providing access to fresh, nutritious food.

## Section 3: How does Sustainable Agriculture Work?
Sustainable agriculture works by using methods that are environmentally friendly, such as crop rotation, cover crops, and integrated pest management. These methods help to improve soil health, reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and conserve water. Additionally, sustainable agriculture encourages the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar panels and wind turbines, to power farming operations.

## Section 4: Examples of Sustainable Agriculture
There are many examples of sustainable agriculture in practice. For instance, some farmers use organic methods to grow crops without synthetic fertilizers or pesticides. Others use conservation tillage to reduce soil erosion and improve water quality. Still others use renewable energy sources to power their farms and reduce their carbon footprint.

## Section 5: Conclusion
Sustainable agriculture is an important approach to farming that has many benefits for both the environment and the community. By using methods that are eco-friendly and economically viable, farmers can produce food and other products while also protecting the planet. By supporting sustainable agriculture, we can ensure that future generations will have access to fresh, healthy food and clean air and water.


text: Lifeloc FC20 Breath Alcohol Tester. $785.00. NOTE: We only accept orders from US and Canadian customers for all LifeLoc products. For international inquiries, please email us at info@breathalyzer.net.. Product Description. Lifeloc's top of the line professional breath alcohol testing device, the FC20, is the most advanced and feature rich on the market. This premium tester includes all the features of the FC10 and FC10 Plus in addition to standard 4000 test memory,.

textbook:
**Lesson: Introduction to Breathalyzers**

**Section 1: Theoretical Concepts**

A breathalyzer is a device that measures the amount of alcohol in a person's breath. It is commonly used by law enforcement officers to determine if a driver is under the influence of alcohol. In this lesson, we will learn about the principles behind breathalyzers, how they work, and their applications.

**Question and Answer:**

**Question:** What is a breathalyzer?

**Answer:** A breathalyzer is a device that measures the amount of alcohol in a person's breath.

**Question:** How does a breathalyzer work?

**Answer:** A breathalyzer works by measuring the amount of alcohol in a person's breath. When you consume alcohol, it is absorbed into your bloodstream. As you breathe out, the alcohol in your lungs is exhaled, and the breathalyzer detects it.

**Section 2: Practical Examples**

Let's consider a real-world scenario where a breathalyzer is used. Suppose a police officer stops a car and suspects that the driver is under the influence of alcohol. The officer asks the driver to blow into a breathalyzer. If the reading shows that the driver has a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.08 or higher, the driver is considered to be intoxicated and may be arrested.

**Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions**

**Question:** Why is it important to use breathalyzers to determine if a driver is under the influence of alcohol?

**Answer:** It is important to use breathalyzers because alcohol impairs a person's ability to drive safely. When a person is under the influence of alcohol, they may have poor judgment, slow reaction times, and poor coordination. These factors can lead to accidents and injuries. By using a breathalyzer, law enforcement officers can quickly determine if a driver is under the influence of alcohol and take appropriate action.

**Conclusion**

In this lesson, we learned about the principles behind breathalyzers, how they work, and their applications. We also considered a real-world scenario where a breathalyzer is used and engaged in self-debating discussions. By understanding the importance of breathalyzers, we can apply these skills to other areas of our lives and make informed decisions.


text: X-FACTOR, the additional element of a soldier’s pay provided for the inconveniences of Service life, is a magician’s hat – with many things seemingly included. I would be grateful for answers to the following questions:. - What percentage of X-Factor is accounted for by spousal employment? Has this percentage increased between 1990-2014? Is a married person paid more X-Factor than a single person?. - The Navy and RAF do not have directed postings, the Army does – does this mean that we receive more X-Factor for this considerably greater inconvenience?. A decent spousal income is a necessity. It’s time to make the X-Factor a separate allowance, with significantly more being paid to those posted overseas. There seems to be too many inconsistencies to make its calculation believable.. Name & address supplied.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Military Pay and Allowances
Introduction:
The military is a unique organization that requires its members to serve their country while sacrificing their personal lives. To compensate for these sacrifices, the military provides various pay and allowances to its members. One such allowance is the X-Factor, which is meant to cover the additional expenses that come with military service. In this lesson, we will explore the X-Factor and other military pay and allowances, including their history, purpose, and calculations.
Section 1: Understanding Military Pay and Allowances
Topic 1: Military Pay
- Military pay is the basic compensation that soldiers receive for their service.
- It is based on rank, length of service, and duty location.
- Military pay has a long history dating back to the American Revolution.
- The purpose of military pay is to provide soldiers with a fair wage for their service.
Topic 2: Military Allowances
- An allowance is a fixed sum of money given to soldiers to cover additional expenses related to their service.
- Examples of military allowances include the X-Factor, subsistence allowance, and family separation allowance.
- The purpose of military allowances is to help soldiers cope with the additional costs of military service.
Topic 3: Calculating Military Pay and Allowances
- Military pay and allowances are calculated using a complex formula that takes into account various factors such as rank, length of service, duty location, and marital status.
- The formula for calculating military pay and allowances is confidential and only known to a few people within the military.
- The purpose of this secrecy is to prevent soldiers from manipulating the system.
Section 2: Understanding the X-Factor
Topic 1: Purpose of the X-Factor
- The X-Factor is an allowance given to soldiers to cover the additional expenses of military service.
- These expenses include things like travel, housing, and childcare.
- The purpose of the X-Factor is to help soldiers cope with these additional costs.
Topic 2: Calculating the X-Factor
- The X-Factor is calculated using a complex formula that takes into account various factors such as rank, length of service, duty location, and marital status.
- The formula for calculating the X-Factor is confidential and only known to a few people within the military.
- The purpose of this secrecy is to prevent soldiers from manipulating the system.
Topic 3: Changes in the X-Factor Over Time
- The X-Factor was first introduced in 1990.
- Since then, there have been several changes to the X-Factor, including changes in the formula used to calculate it.
- Some of these changes have resulted in an increase in the amount of X-Factor received by soldiers.
Section 3: Applying Military Pay and Allowances to Real-World Scenarios
Topic 1: Spousal Employment
- Spousal employment is when a soldier's spouse works while the soldier is serving in the military.
- This can result in additional income for the family.
- However, this income is not counted towards the X-Factor calculation.
Topic 2: Directed Postings
- Directed postings are when the military assigns a soldier to a specific location.
- In some cases, this can result in additional pay or allowances.
- For example, soldiers posted overseas may receive a cost of living allowance.
Topic 3: Separation Allowance
- The separation allowance is an allowance given to soldiers who are separated from their families due to military service.
- This allowance is designed to help soldiers cope with the additional expenses associated with being away from their families.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding military pay and allowances is essential for anyone serving in the military. By knowing how these allowances work, soldiers can better prepare for their financial future and make informed decisions about their military career.


text: Making Moves Dance Festival is an annual dance celebration held at the Jamaica Performing Arts Center (JPAC) and designed to promote new and emerging dance companies based in New York City. The festival encourages choreographers to take on and perform bold ideas with a progressive/contemporary nature, and heavily emphasizes the authentic expression and representation of cultures and languages.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Contemporary Dance

**Section 1: What is Contemporary Dance?**
Contemporary dance is a style of dance that combines elements of several genres, including modern, jazz, and ballet. It is characterized by its versatility and ability to evolve and adapt to current trends and techniques. Contemporary dance is known for its use of gravity-defying movements, floor work, and emotional expression.

**Section 2: History of Contemporary Dance**
Contemporary dance was developed in the early 20th century as a rebellion against the rigid and traditional forms of classical ballet. Pioneers of contemporary dance include Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey, and Charles Weidman, who sought to express their emotions and experiences through movement. Today, contemporary dance continues to evolve and incorporate new styles and techniques.

**Section 3: Techniques and Styles**
Contemporary dance uses a wide range of techniques and styles, including improvisation, contact improvisation, and partnering. Improvisation involves creating movement spontaneously without any predetermined choreography. Contact improvisation involves physical connection between dancers and emphasizes weight sharing, lifting, and falling. Partnering involves working with another dancer to create seamless and fluid movements.

**Section 4: Expression and Representation**
Contemporary dance emphasizes the expression of emotions and experiences through movement. Choreographers often draw upon personal experiences and cultural backgrounds to create unique and authentic pieces. The use of music, costumes, and set design also play an important role in conveying the story or message of the dance.

**Section 5: Examples of Contemporary Dance Companies**
There are many successful contemporary dance companies throughout the world, including the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, Hubbard Street Dance Chicago, and the Martha Graham Dance Company. These companies continue to push the boundaries of contemporary dance and inspire new generations of dancers and choreographers.

**Glossary:**
- **Contemporary:** A style of dance that combines elements of modern, jazz, and ballet.
- **Improvisation:** Creating movement spontaneously without any predetermined choreography.
- **Contact improvisation:** A technique that involves physical connection between dancers and emphasizes weight sharing, lifting, and falling.
- **Partnering:** Working with another dancer to create seamless and fluid movements.

**Conclusion:** Contemporary dance is a versatile and expressive style of dance that continues to evolve and incorporate new techniques and styles. By studying contemporary dance, students can develop their creativity, emotional expression, and physical abilities. As they continue to explore this art form, they will gain a deeper appreciation for the power of movement and the importance of authentic self-expression.


text: Sarah Ann Mihor graduated from UW-Eau Claire with a Creative Writing major on May 19 and on May 20 moved to Wautoma to begin her new job as the Waushara Argus news editor.Sara, who has had a passion for writing since the age of five, spent her time at UWEC taking as many opportunities as she could. She took a grant writing internship for Girls on the Run and worked as a writer and editor for Queen of the Castle magazine in Eau Claire. Using her time at UWEC to learn as many different forms of writing as she could paid off as she landed her first full time job with the Waushara Argus news.. Read the full Waushara Argus article here.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Land Your First Job After Graduation
Introduction:
Congratulations! You've graduated from college and are ready to start your career. But how do you land your first job after graduation? In this lesson, we will explore the steps you can take to increase your chances of finding a job that matches your skills and interests.
Section 1: Networking
Networking is an important part of finding a job. It's not just about attending networking events and collecting business cards, but also about building relationships with people in your field. Here are some tips for networking:
- Attend career fairs and job-related events to meet people in your industry.
- Join professional organizations related to your field.
- Connect with alumni from your college or university who work in your desired industry.
- Reach out to people on LinkedIn and ask them for advice or information about their company.
- Offer to help others in your network by providing references, introducing them to others, or sharing job opportunities.
Section 2: Building Your Resume and Cover Letter
Your resume and cover letter are your first impression to potential employers. Here are some tips for building a strong resume and cover letter:
- Tailor your resume and cover letter to the specific job you are applying for.
- Highlight your relevant skills and experiences.
- Use strong action words to describe your accomplishments.
- Keep your resume and cover letter concise and easy to read.
- Proofread for grammar and spelling errors.
Section 3: Interviewing
Once you've landed an interview, it's important to prepare and make a good impression. Here are some tips for interviewing:
- Research the company and the position you are applying for.
- Dress professionally and arrive early.
- Bring multiple copies of your resume and any other materials the employer may need.
- Practice answering common interview questions.
- Ask questions about the company and the position.
Conclusion:
Landing your first job after graduation can be a daunting task, but by following these steps, you can increase your chances of finding a job that matches your skills and interests. Remember to network, build a strong resume and cover letter, and prepare for interviews. With perseverance and hard work, you'll be on your way to a successful career.
Glossary:
- Networking: building relationships with people in your field to help you find job opportunities
- Resume: a document summarizing your education, work experience, skills, and achievements
- Cover Letter: a letter accompanying your resume that explains why you are a good fit for the job
- Interview: a meeting with a potential employer to discuss your qualifications and interest in the job


text:
In This Section

Washington, D.C. – The American Foreign Service Association welcomes new leadership as the professional association and union’s 29-person Governing Board begins its two-year term today.

Incoming President Ambassador Barbara Stephenson comes to AFSA from her position as Dean of the Leadership and Management School at the Foreign Service Institute. Ambassador Stephenson has also served as Ambassador to Panama and the Deputy Chief of Mission and chargé d’affaires at the U.S. Embassy in London.

Foreign Service Officer Angie Bryan, AFSA’s new Vice President of the Department of State constituency, is a 23-year veteran of the State Department, having served in various positions around the Middle East and Europe, including Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in Sana’a, Yemen. Ambassador (ret.) Tom Boyatt is the incoming Vice President for the retiree constituency. He has held numerous positions on AFSA’s board and served as U.S. Ambassador to Colombia from 1980-1983.

Foreign Service Officers Sharon Wayne, Steve Morrison and Mark Petry were re-elected and will serve as Vice Presidents of the USAID, Foreign Commercial Service and Foreign Agricultural Service constituencies, respectively. Completing AFSA’s leadership team, Ambassador (ret.) Charles A. Ford will serve his second term as treasurer and retired Foreign Service Officer William Haugh, currently a contractor with the Department of State’s Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs, will serve as the organization’s Secretary.

Complete bios for AFSA elected leadership, including all officers and constituent representatives, can be found at www.afsa.org/board.

AFSA thanks President Robert J. Silverman, Secretary Angela Dickey, State Vice President Matthew Asada, retiree Vice President Lawrence Cohen and the other outgoing members of the previous Governing Board for their service to the association and to the Foreign Service.

AFSA, the voice of the Foreign Service, is the professional association and labor union of the U.S. Foreign Service. Founded in 1924, AFSA represents 31,000 active and retired Foreign Service employees at the Department of State, U.S. Agency for International Development, Foreign Commercial Service, Foreign Agricultural Service, and Broadcasting Board of Governors.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to the American Foreign Service Association

**Objective:** To introduce students to the American Foreign Service Association and its role in representing the interests of Foreign Service Officers.

**Grade Level:** Primary through High School

**Introduction:** The American Foreign Service Association (AFSA) is a professional association and union that represents the interests of Foreign Service Officers in the United States. In this lesson, we will learn about the history, structure, and functions of AFSA.

**Section 1: History and Structure**

- What is the American Foreign Service Association?
- When was AFSA founded?
- Who are the members of AFSA?

**Section 2: Functions of AFSA**

- What does AFSA do for its members?
- How does AFSA represent the interests of Foreign Service Officers?
- What are some examples of AFSA's advocacy work?

**Section 3: Importance of AFSA**

- Why is AFSA important?
- How does AFSA support the interests of Foreign Service Officers?
- What are some ways that students can get involved with AFSA?

**Conclusion:** In conclusion, the American Foreign Service Association is an important organization that represents the interests of Foreign Service Officers in the United States. By learning about AFSA's history, structure, and functions, we can better understand the role that this organization plays in supporting the men and women who serve our country abroad.

**Glossary:**
- Foreign Service Officer: A diplomat employed by the United States government to represent the country abroad.
- Professional association: An organization that represents professionals in a particular field.
- Union: An organization of workers formed to protect and further their rights and interests.

**Glossary:**
- AFSA: Abbreviation for the American Foreign Service Association.
- Foreign Service: The corps of American diplomats appointed to serve abroad in the United States government.
- Foreign Service Institute: A government institution that trains Foreign Service Officers.
- Governing Board: The governing body of AFSA responsible for setting policy and overseeing the organization's operations.


text:
978 So.2d 828 (2008)
Larry Warren MONTGOMERY, Appellant,
v.
STATE of Florida, Appellee.
No. 1D06-5029.
District Court of Appeal of Florida, First District.
March 13, 2008.
Richard R. Kuritz, Jacksonville, for Appellant.
Bill McCollum, Attorney General, Bryan Jordan and Carolyn J. Mosley, Assistant Attorneys General, Tallahassee, for Appellee.
PER CURIAM.
Appellant, Larry Warren Montgomery, appeals his convictions and sentences for organized fraud and grand theft. As properly conceded by the State, these convictions violate double jeopardy because they were based on the same facts. Pizzo v. State, 945 So.2d 1203, 1206 (Fla.2006) ("It is undisputed that double jeopardy principles preclude convictions for both grand theft and organized fraud based on the same conduct.") We therefore reverse and vacate the conviction and sentence for grand theft and remand this case to the trial court to correct the final judgment in accordance with this opinion. We affirm all other issues raised on appeal without further discussion.
AFFIRMED in part, REVERSED in part and REMANDED.
DAVIS, BENTON, and THOMAS, JJ., concur.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Legal Writing

Overview: This lesson introduces students to legal writing, which is a specific style of writing used in the field of law. Students will learn about the importance of clear and concise language, proper formatting, and accurate citation of sources in legal writing. They will also learn about the different types of legal documents and the role of legal writing in the legal profession.

Objectives:
- Understand the importance of clear and concise language in legal writing
- Identify the proper formatting requirements for legal documents
- Recognize the significance of accurate citation of sources in legal writing
- Explain the different types of legal documents and their purposes
- Describe the role of legal writing in the legal profession

Section 1: Introduction to Legal Writing

Topic 1: Importance of Clear and Concise Language
- Why is clear and concise language important in legal writing?
- How does ambiguous language affect the interpretation of laws?
- What are some tips for writing clearly and concisely?

Topic 2: Proper Formatting Requirements
- What are the basic formatting requirements for legal documents?
- Why is proper formatting important in legal writing?
- What are some common formatting mistakes to avoid?

Topic 3: Accurate Citation of Sources
- Why is accurate citation of sources important in legal writing?
- What are the different methods of citing sources?
- How do you properly cite cases, statutes, and other legal authorities?

Section 2: Types of Legal Documents

Topic 1: Complaints
- What is a complaint?
- What information should be included in a complaint?
- How is a complaint different from other types of legal documents?

Topic 2: Motions
- What is a motion?
- What types of motions are there?
- How are motions used in legal proceedings?

Topic 3: Briefs
- What is a brief?
- What information should be included in a brief?
- How is a brief different from other types of legal documents?

Section 3: Role of Legal Writing in the Legal Profession

Topic 1: Legal Analysis
- What is legal analysis?
- How does legal analysis relate to legal writing?
- What are some tips for effective legal analysis?

Topic 2: Persuasion
- What is persuasion in the context of legal writing?
- How does persuasion relate to legal analysis?
- What are some techniques for persuasive legal writing?

Topic 3: Communication Skills
- Why are communication skills important for legal writers?
- How do communication skills relate to legal writing?
- What are some tips for improving communication skills in legal writing?

Conclusion:
In conclusion, legal writing is an essential skill for anyone pursuing a career in law. By understanding the importance of clear and concise language, proper formatting, and accurate citation of sources, legal writers can effectively communicate their ideas and arguments. Additionally, knowing the different types of legal documents and the role of legal writing in the legal profession can help legal writers tailor their writing to specific audiences and purposes. By mastering these skills, legal writers can contribute to the clarity and efficiency of the legal system.

Glossary:
- Legal Writing: A specific style of writing used in the field of law that emphasizes clarity, conciseness, and accuracy.
- Ambiguous Language: Language that is open to more than one interpretation or that is not clearly defined.
- Formatting: The arrangement of text and other elements on a page, such as margins, font size, and spacing.
- Citation: The process of identifying and referencing sources of information, such as cases, statutes, and other legal authorities.
- Complaint: A legal document filed by a plaintiff that alleges the facts and legal grounds for a claim against a defendant.
- Motion: A written or oral request made to a court or judge to take a specific action, such as granting a delay or ruling on a particular issue.
- Brief: A written document that presents legal arguments and supporting evidence to a court or judge.
- Legal Analysis: The process of breaking down a legal problem into its component parts and analyzing each part to determine the best course of action.
- Persuasion: The ability to convince others to agree with a particular point of view or take a specific action.
- Communication Skills: The ability to effectively convey information and ideas to others through written or oral means.


text: Overview. Exclusive to the National Trust, this organic shaped chopping board has been handmade especially for us in a small workshop in rural Wiltshire from sustainably sourced FSC UK grown oak.. Each piece of timber is selected for its grain and colour and hand shaped and finished by skilled craftspeople. Includes a stylish leather tie for hanging.. Use as a chopping board or sharing platter for informal dining from antipasti to artisan breads. Due to the handmade nature of the product there will be variations in colour and grain on every item.. Other items are available in this range.. Care instructions. Hand wash in hot soapy water and dry upright. Oil occasionally with cooking oil..

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding and Using Mathematical Abstraction in Real-World Scenarios

Introduction:
Mathematical abstraction is the process of removing unnecessary details from a concept or problem to focus on its essential features. This skill is crucial for understanding complex ideas and solving real-world problems. In this lesson, we will explore how mathematical abstraction can be used to simplify and solve problems related to the production of a chopping board.

Section 1: Understanding the Problem

The problem we will address is how to produce a chopping board that is both functional and aesthetically pleasing. To do this, we need to understand the essential features of a chopping board and how they relate to its overall design.

Question: What are the essential features of a chopping board?
Answer: The essential features of a chopping board include its size, shape, material, and durability. These features determine the board's functionality, safety, and longevity.

Section 2: Applying Mathematical Abstraction

Now that we understand the essential features of a chopping board, we can use mathematical abstraction to simplify the problem. We can remove any unnecessary details, such as color and grain, and focus on the board's fundamental properties.

Question: How can we use mathematical abstraction to simplify the problem?
Answer: We can use mathematical abstraction by creating a mathematical model that represents the essential features of a chopping board. For example, we can represent the board's size, shape, material, and durability using variables and equations. This allows us to analyze different designs and determine which one best meets our criteria.

Section 3: Solving the Problem

Once we have simplified the problem using mathematical abstraction, we can solve it by finding the optimal design for our chopping board.

Question: How can we use mathematical abstraction to find the optimal design for our chopping board?
Answer: We can use mathematical abstraction to compare different designs and determine which one best meets our criteria. For example, we can create a table that compares the different sizes, shapes, materials, and durabilities of various chopping boards. We can then use this table to determine which design is the most functional and aesthetically pleasing.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to use mathematical abstraction to simplify and solve problems related to the production of a chopping board. By focusing on the essential features of a chopping board, we were able to create a mathematical model that allowed us to compare different designs and determine which one best met our criteria. This skill is valuable in many fields, including engineering, architecture, and finance.

Glossary:
- Mathematical Abstraction: The process of removing unnecessary details from a concept or problem to focus on its essential features.
- Essential Features: The fundamental properties of an object or concept that determine its functionality, safety, and longevity.
- Mathematical Model: A representation of a real-world problem using variables and equations.
- Optimal Design: The best possible solution to a problem.


text: Re: Descendants of John Cory b 1611. - In reply to: Re: Descendants of John Cory b 1611Ed Cory 6/10/10. Hi Ed,. Samuel doesn't appear in any part of the tree that I've researched.I did find that my research was slightly flawed in that I believed our link was in direct succession to the Vicars of Kettelstone, but it was in fact through a son of the first vicar.However, I did make contact with Margaret Goffin who is the chief researcher for the Cory society in England.Her email address is MGoffin@aol.com and she may be able to help you.. Regards. Martin Lewis

textbook:
Lesson: Writing Effective Emails

Introduction:
In today's digital age, emails have become an essential means of communication in both personal and professional settings. However, not many people are skilled at writing effective emails that convey their message clearly and concisely. In this lesson, we will learn how to write effective emails by analyzing a sample email response.

Core Value:
The core value in this email response is the importance of clarity and conciseness in communication.

Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
- Clarity: The ability to express something clearly and easily understood by others.
- Concision: The quality of being brief, succinct, and to the point.

Section 2: Questions and Answers
- Why is clarity important in communication? Clarity helps avoid misunderstandings and ensures that the recipient understands the message correctly.
- Why is concision important in communication? Conciseness saves time and effort for both the sender and the recipient, making the communication process more efficient.

Section 3: Practical Examples
- Example 1: Avoid using jargon or technical terms that may confuse the recipient. Instead, use simple language that everyone can understand.
- Example 2: Keep your email concise and to the point. Avoid rambling or including unnecessary information that may distract from the main message.

Section 4: Real-World Scenarios
- Scenario 1: You are sending an email to a client regarding a project update. Use clear and concise language to explain the progress made and any issues that need to be addressed.
- Scenario 2: You are following up with a job applicant after an interview. Thank them for their time and briefly mention specific qualities they possess that make them a good fit for the position.

Conclusion:
Effective emails are essential in today's digital age, and clarity and concision are crucial elements in achieving this. By applying the concepts learned in this lesson, you can improve your email communication skills and ensure that your messages are clear, concise, and easily understood by others.

Glossary:
- Clarity: The ability to express something clearly and easily understood by others.
- Concision: The quality of being brief, succinct, and to the point.
- Jargon: Specialized language used in a particular profession or group.
- Technical terms: Specific words or phrases related to a particular field or subject.


text:
Q:

Cannot delete DC from AD after dcpromo /forceremoval

Very much a follow on from this question I asked earlier here.  Trying to go through metadata cleanup but every time I click delete on the offending DC I get an access denied (after prompts about it being a GC).  Is there any other way I can remove it?  I have unchecked the "protect from accidental deletion" option on the OU Domain Controllers, added myself as an Enterprise Admin (was already a Domain Admin) and generally thrown my toys out of the cot.  Have I missed a glaringly obvious step somewhere?  I thought the first process of metadata cleanup was removing the account and then a case of tidying up DNS and NTDS bits that pointed to the DC.
EDIT:  So looking at NTDS Quotas OU thorugh ADSIEdit I notice that someone has added Everyone - Deny Special Permissions - Delete and Delete Subtree.  Is this a normal setting to have configured?
EDIT2:  Oh wait it gets better.  Everyone has been assigned Deny permissions (to all sorts of attributes) to delete from teh Domain Controllers OU.  I am guessing this is not a normal security practice for AD?

A:

Check the ACL on the domain controller object and make sure that Domain Administrators and Enterprise Administrators have the appropriate Full Control ACE. Also check to make sure that there isn't any weird deny ACEs.

textbook:
Lesson: Active Directory Domain Services

Introduction:
Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) is a centralized service that enables administrators to manage user accounts, computers, and groups in an organization. It provides a secure way of storing and managing user information, which can be accessed by authorized users from anywhere in the world. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of AD DS, including its components, how it works, and how to troubleshoot common issues.

Components of AD DS:
1. Domain Controller: A domain controller is a computer that runs the AD DS service and stores information about user accounts, computers, and groups in an organization.
2. Domain Name System (DNS): DNS is a crucial component of AD DS because it translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses that computers can understand.
3. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP): LDAP is a protocol used to access information stored in AD DS. It allows users to search for and retrieve information from the directory.

How AD DS Works:
AD DS uses a hierarchical structure called a domain tree to organize user accounts and computers. Each domain in the tree has a domain controller that stores information about the domain. The domain controllers communicate with each other using a protocol called NetBIOS over TCP/IP. When a user logs onto a computer, the computer contacts the domain controller for the user's domain to authenticate the user's credentials.

Troubleshooting Common Issues:
1. Access Denied Errors: If you receive an access denied error when trying to delete a domain controller from AD DS, it may be because the account you are using does not have sufficient permissions. Check your permissions and ensure that you have the necessary rights to perform the action.
2. Metadata Cleanup Issues: If you are having trouble with metadata cleanup, it may be because you have not unchecked the "protect from accidental deletion" option on the OU Domain Controllers. Ensure that this option is unchecked before proceeding with metadata cleanup.
3. DNS and NTDS Bits: If you are having trouble with DNS and NTDS bits, it may be because someone has added Everyone - Deny Special Permissions - Delete and Delete Subtree. This setting is not a normal configuration and may be causing your issues. Remove this setting and try again.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the components of AD DS, how it works, and how to troubleshoot common issues. By understanding these concepts, we can better manage user accounts, computers, and groups in our organizations.


text: >>IMAGE.. I’m still writing them.. Why did I start writing historical thrillers?. The 20th century was short but catacysmic. It began in 1914 with the Great War, and ended in 1990 when the Berlin Wall came down. There’s a lot of great literature—shaped into stories— freighted with the weight of those times. I’m thinking of the work of John Le Carre, Alan Furst, Phillip Kerr. Their novels were catalysts that drove my own writing, tracing out the rendezvous with destiny of characters who lived through those decades—several of them based on real people I knew. My novels connect the dots of 20th century history, stitching its events to individual lives, mainly lived by smart woman who had to take risks to survive.. ![Alexander Rosenberg<br />. Duke University ]()

textbook:
## Lesson: Writing Historical Thrillers
### Introduction
 Writing historical thrillers is an exciting way to engage readers in a suspenseful story while also educating them about history. In this lesson, we will explore the core value of using historical events as a backdrop for thrilling stories. We will cover the importance of research, creating compelling characters, and weaving historical facts into a captivating narrative.
### Section 1: Research
Research is a crucial component of writing historical thrillers. To create a believable and engaging story, writers must immerse themselves in the time period they are writing about. This means studying the culture, politics, and social norms of the era, as well as the specific events that shaped the world at that time. Writers should also read books, watch documentaries, and speak with experts to gain a deep understanding of the historical context.
### Section 2: Creating Compelling Characters
Characters are the heart of any story, and historical thrillers are no exception. Writers should create characters who are complex and relatable, with motivations and desires that drive the plot forward. These characters should also be grounded in the time period they are living in, with beliefs and values that reflect the attitudes of their era.
### Section 3: Weaving History into the Story
Once the research and character development are complete, writers can begin weaving historical facts into the story. This can be done through setting, dialogue, and plot points. For example, a writer might set a scene in a famous location from history, such as the Berlin Wall during its construction. They could also use historical figures as minor characters or incorporate real-life events into the plot.
### Conclusion
Writing historical thrillers requires a deep understanding of history and the ability to create compelling characters and a gripping narrative. By immersing yourself in the time period, crafting relatable characters, and weaving historical facts into the story, you can create a thrilling tale that educates and entertains readers.


text:
Effect of Over-Tree Evaporative Cooling in Orchards on Microclimate and Accuracy of Insect Model Predictions.
Orchard design and management practices can alter microclimate and, thus, potentially affect insect development. If sufficiently large, these deviations in microclimate can compromise the accuracy of phenology model predictions used in integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Sunburn causes considerable damage in the Pacific Northwest, United States, apple-producing region. Common prevention strategies include the use of fruit surface protectants, evaporative cooling (EC), or both. This study focused on the effect of EC on ambient temperatures and model predictions for four insects (codling moth, Cydia pomonella L.; Lacanobia fruitworm, Lacanobia subjuncta Grote and Robinson; oblique-banded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana Harris; and Pandemis leafroller, Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott). Over-tree EC was applied in July and August when daily maximum temperatures were predicted to be ≥30°C between 1200-1700 hours (15/15 min on/off interval) in 2011 and between 1200-1800 hours (15/10 min on/off interval, or continuous on) in 2012. Control plots were sprayed once with kaolin clay in early July. During interval and continuous cooling, over-tree cooling reduced average afternoon temperatures compared with the kaolin treatment by 2.1-3.2°C. Compared with kaolin-treated controls, codling moth and Lacanobia fruitworm egg hatch in EC plots was predicted to occur up to 2 d and 1 d late, respectively. The presence of fourth-instar oblique-banded leafroller and Pandemis leafroller was predicted to occur up to 2 d and 1 d earlier in EC plots, respectively. These differences in model predictions were negligible, suggesting that no adjustments in pest management timing are needed when using EC in high-density apple orchards.

textbook:
Lesson: Effect of Over-Tree Evaporative Cooling in Orchards on Microclimate and Accuracy of Insect Model Predictions

### Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about the effect of over-tree evaporative cooling in orchards on microclimate and the accuracy of insect model predictions. We will cover the following topics:

1. What is evaporative cooling?
2. How does evaporative cooling affect microclimate?
3. How do changes in microclimate affect insect development models?
4. What are the benefits and drawbacks of using evaporative cooling in orchards?
5. How can we apply the knowledge gained from this topic to new problems?

### Section 1: What is evaporative cooling?
Evaporative cooling is a process that occurs when water changes from a liquid to a gas. This process absorbs heat from the surrounding environment, causing the temperature to decrease. In agriculture, evaporative cooling can be used to reduce the temperature around crops, which can help prevent heat stress and improve crop yields.

### Section 2: How does evaporative cooling affect microclimate?
Over-tree evaporative cooling can have a significant impact on the microclimate in an orchard. By reducing the temperature around the trees, it can create a cooler environment that can benefit certain insects and plants. However, if the temperature reduction is too large, it can negatively affect other insects that rely on higher temperatures for their development.

### Section 3: How do changes in microclimate affect insect development models?
Insect development models are based on the assumption that certain environmental conditions are constant. When these conditions change, such as through the use of evaporative cooling, the accuracy of the models can be compromised. This can lead to incorrect predictions of insect populations and the need for pest control measures.

### Section 4: What are the benefits and drawbacks of using evaporative cooling in orchards?
Benefits of using evaporative cooling in orchards include:
- Reduced heat stress on crops and insects
- Improved crop yields
- Reduced need for pest control measures

Drawbacks of using evaporative cooling in orchards include:
- Potential negative effects on certain insects that rely on higher temperatures for development
- Increased costs associated with implementing evaporative cooling systems
- Limited effectiveness in areas with low humidity or high winds

### Section 5: How can we apply the knowledge gained from this topic to new problems?
Understanding the effect of over-tree evaporative cooling on microclimate and insect development models can be applied to other situations where temperature and humidity play a role in ecosystems. For example, this knowledge can be used to develop more accurate models for predicting the spread of diseases in plants or animals, or to optimize the growth conditions for specific crops in greenhouses. Additionally, this information can be used to inform decisions related to climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies in agriculture.

### Conclusion
In conclusion, understanding the effect of over-tree evaporative cooling in orchards on microclimate and insect development models is essential for developing effective pest management strategies. By considering the benefits and drawbacks of using evaporative cooling, we can make informed decisions about its use in agriculture. Additionally, the knowledge gained from this topic can be applied to new problems related to ecosystems and climate change.


text: Do you have fond memories of playing in the sand? I walked into a gadget store yesterday and saw a display for Kinetic Sand, which is made by WABA Fun. It reminded me of playing in a sandbox with Play-Doh. Kinetic Sand only sticks to itself so you can mold it and play with it without having a residue on your hands afterwards. WABA Fun claims that playing with the sand can help develop fine motor and creative playing skills, since the options are endless on what you can do with it. Kinetic Sand is also safe and non-toxic and can be used by kids (or adults) as young as 3 years old. You can get 5 KG of Kinetic Sand for $44.95, but after trying it for yourself, you will have to decide whether or not to share it with your kids..

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Kinetic Sand
## Section 1: What is Kinetic Sand?
Kinetic Sand is a type of sand that is made up of small particles that stick together when pressed together but do not stick to your hands or surfaces. It is a fun and creative toy that can be molded and shaped into different shapes and forms.
## Section 2: Why is Kinetic Sand popular?
Kinetic Sand is popular because it is safe and non-toxic, making it a great toy for children of all ages. It also helps develop fine motor and creative playing skills, as there are endless possibilities of what you can create with it. Additionally, it is easy to clean up and does not leave a mess like traditional sand.
## Section 3: How is Kinetic Sand made?
Kinetic Sand is made by heating sand until it becomes liquid, then adding a special polymer that causes the sand to harden into its current form. This process creates small particles that stick together when pressed together, but do not stick to your hands or surfaces.
## Section 4: How much does Kinetic Sand cost?
A 5 KG bag of Kinetic Sand costs $44.95, but prices may vary depending on where you purchase it.
## Section 5: Where can I buy Kinetic Sand?
Kinetic Sand can be purchased at most major toy stores or online at websites such as Amazon.
## Conclusion:
Kinetic Sand is a fun and creative toy that can help develop fine motor and creative playing skills. It is safe and non-toxic, making it a great toy for children of all ages. Whether you are looking for a new toy for your child or want to relive some fond memories of playing in the sand, Kinetic Sand is definitely worth checking out!


text: Recently had an increasingly bad knock when going from accelerating to decelerating and having recently changed all engine mounts the driveshafts seemed the likely culprit. Removed them tonight to find a large amount of slack in the inner joints and fitted a pair of cheap J&R joints with a supposed 2 year guarantee. Now all knocking has gone but whoa under full throttle it feels like the car is going to vibrate itself to bits! Looks like you get what you pay for with these. And also a load of wasted time. Having checked all usual suppliers, ECP, GSF, AVS etc no one seems to list or be able to get inner joint for 6 speed models. Anyone know where to get inner joint or complete shafts of reasonable quality? Don't fancy paying near enough £600 to Audi for a pair of driveshafts!

textbook:
Core Value: Problem Solving

Lesson: How to Diagnose and Fix a Car Knocking Sound

Introduction: In this self-taught lesson, we will learn how to diagnose and fix a car knocking sound. We will cover the following sections:

Section 1: Understanding the Problem
- What causes a knocking sound in a car?
- How do you identify the source of the knocking sound?
- What are some common causes of a knocking sound in a car?

Section 2: Diagnosing the Problem
- How do you check for loose engine mounts?
- How do you check for worn driveshafts?
- What tools do you need to diagnose a knocking sound in a car?

Section 3: Fixing the Problem
- How do you replace worn driveshafts?
- What are some tips for replacing engine mounts?
- What are some common mistakes to avoid when fixing a knocking sound in a car?

Glossary:
- Knocking sound: A metallic clanking or tapping noise that comes from the engine of a car.
- Driveshaft: A component of a car's transmission that transfers power from the transmission to the wheels.
- Engine mount: A component of a car's engine that attaches the engine to the chassis.

Section 1: Understanding the Problem

What causes a knocking sound in a car?
A knocking sound in a car is typically caused by a problem with the engine or the driveshaft. It can be caused by loose engine mounts, worn driveshafts, or other issues such as a faulty timing belt or a damaged piston.

How do you identify the source of the knocking sound?
To identify the source of the knocking sound, you should first listen carefully to the noise and try to pinpoint where it is coming from. You can then use a diagnostic tool to check for any engine codes that may indicate the cause of the noise. Finally, you can perform a visual inspection of the engine and drivetrain components to look for any signs of wear or damage.

What are some common causes of a knocking sound in a car?
Some common causes of a knocking sound in a car include loose engine mounts, worn driveshafts, a faulty timing belt, and a damaged piston.

Section 2: Diagnosing the Problem

How do you check for loose engine mounts?
To check for loose engine mounts, you should first start the engine and listen for any unusual noises. Then, you can use a jack to lift the front of the car and inspect the engine mounts for any signs of looseness or damage.

How do you check for worn driveshafts?
To check for worn driveshafts, you should first jack up the car and inspect the u-joints for any play or looseness. You can also use a pry bar to check for any slack in the driveshafts.

What tools do you need to diagnose a knocking sound in a car?
To diagnose a knocking sound in a car, you will need a diagnostic tool to check for any engine codes, a jack to lift the car, and a pry bar to check for slack in the driveshafts.

Section 3: Fixing the Problem

How do you replace worn driveshafts?
To replace worn driveshafts, you will need to first remove the old driveshafts and install the new ones. This process can vary depending on the make and model of your car, so you should consult your car's manual or a mechanic for specific instructions.

What are some tips for replacing engine mounts?
To replace engine mounts, you should first disconnect the battery to prevent any electrical issues. Then, you can use a jack to lift the front of the car and remove the old mounts. Once the old mounts are removed, you can install the new ones and tighten them securely.

What are some common mistakes to avoid when fixing a knocking sound in a car?
Some common mistakes to avoid when fixing a knocking sound in a car include not checking for loose engine mounts, failing to check for worn driveshafts, and not tightening the new mounts securely.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to diagnose and fix a car knocking sound. We covered the causes of a knocking sound, how to identify the source of the noise, and how to fix common problems such as loose engine mounts and worn driveshafts. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can save money and time by fixing the problem yourself.


text: This illustration was for an article that told the story of a young woman. She accompanies children at school, who have problems adapting and learning. She stays with them all the time during class and recess. This unintentionally confuses the other kids. So unfortunately, the attempt to include someone excludes him in a way. Even though everybody has the best intentions..

textbook:
Core Value: Empathy and Inclusion

Lesson: The Importance of Empathy and Inclusion in Schools

**Introduction**

In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of empathy and inclusion in schools. We will explore what these values mean, why they are important, and how they can be practiced in everyday life.

**Section 1: What is Empathy?**

Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. It is a crucial social skill that helps us connect with others and create a sense of community.

**Activity:** Let's imagine that you are a new student at school. You don't know anyone and feel nervous about making friends. How might empathy help you in this situation?

**Answer:** Empathy can help you understand how other students might be feeling, such as shy or anxious. This knowledge can help you approach them with kindness and understanding, making it easier to make friends.

**Section 2: What is Inclusion?**

Inclusion is the act of including everyone, regardless of their differences, in all aspects of school life. It is about creating a safe and welcoming environment where everyone feels valued and respected.

**Activity:** Let's imagine that a new student with a physical disability joins your class. How can you make sure that they feel included and welcome?

**Answer:** There are many ways to make sure that the new student feels included and welcome. You could introduce yourself and make small talk, invite them to join your group, and offer to help them if they need assistance. Most importantly, treat them with respect and kindness, just like you would with any other classmate.

**Section 3: Why are Empathy and Inclusion Important in Schools?**

Empathy and inclusion are important in schools because they help create a positive and supportive learning environment. When students feel understood and valued, they are more likely to engage in learning and feel confident in sharing their ideas.

**Activity:** Imagine that two students in your class have a disagreement. How might empathy and inclusion help resolve the situation?

**Answer:** Empathy can help you understand both students' perspectives, while inclusion can help ensure that both students feel heard and respected. By actively listening to both students and working together to find a solution, the situation can be resolved in a positive and supportive manner.

**Glossary**

- Empathy: The ability to understand and share the feelings of others
- Inclusion: The act of including everyone, regardless of their differences, in all aspects of school life

**Conclusion**

Empathy and inclusion are essential values that can help create a positive and supportive learning environment in schools. By practicing these values, we can help students feel understood, valued, and respected, which can lead to a more engaged and confident learning experience.


text: Precise Detailing Inc. was established in 1987 and have earned reputation as a leader in architectural and structural concrete precast design and detailing.. This is supported by the numerous award winning projects that our clients have received over the years.. Our staff is an experienced group of licensed engineers and certified engineering technologists who are able to adapt to difficult and unique challenges.. The company will continue to provide the clients with solution to the most original and unique precast concrete manufacturing designs..

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Precast Concrete Design and Detailing

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Precast concrete is a type of concrete that is cast and cured off-site, usually in a factory setting, and then transported to the construction site for installation. Precast concrete is commonly used in architectural and structural applications due to its versatility, strength, and durability.

In this lesson, we will learn about the process of designing and detailing precast concrete elements, including the steps involved and the software used. We will also explore the advantages and limitations of precast concrete and discuss some common applications.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's consider an example of a multi-story residential building that uses precast concrete panels for the exterior walls. The architect has designed a unique pattern for the panels, which will be manufactured off-site and installed on-site like Lego pieces.

To create these panels, the engineer must first develop a detailed shop drawing that includes all the necessary information for the manufacturer to produce the panels accurately. This includes dimensions, reinforcement details, and any required connections to other elements of the building.

Once the panels are manufactured, they are transported to the construction site and installed using a crane. The installation process must be carefully planned to ensure that the panels are aligned correctly and that any required connections are made securely.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

1. What are some advantages of using precast concrete in architectural and structural applications?
2. What are some limitations of precast concrete and how can they be overcome?
3. How does the design and detailing process for precast concrete elements differ from traditional cast-in-place concrete?
4. What software is commonly used for designing and detailing precast concrete elements?
5. Can you think of any other applications for precast concrete besides exterior walls?

## Glossary

- Precast Concrete: Concrete that is cast and cured off-site before being transported to the construction site for installation.
- Architectural: Relating to the design and appearance of a building or structure.
- Structural: Relating to the framework or skeleton of a building or structure.
- Reinforcement: The process of adding steel bars or mesh to concrete to increase its strength and durability.
- Manufacturer: A company that produces precast concrete elements.
- Crane: A type of machinery used to lift heavy objects.

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we have learned about the process of designing and detailing precast concrete elements, including the steps involved and the software used. We have also explored the advantages and limitations of precast concrete and discussed some common applications. By understanding these concepts, we can apply our knowledge to new problems and continue to innovate in the field of architecture and engineering.


text: VeriSign and the Coalition for ICANN Transparency have reached an agreement to settle the antitrust lawsuit CFIT brought against VeriSign with no payment made and both parties agreeing to end proceedings with prejudice of all claims in the litigation.In their announcement saying that all proceedings had been resolved, VeriSign noted that .”The court case was brought about when CFIT challenged on antitrust grounds both Verisign’s pricing of domain names and Verisign’s threat, as described by CFIT, to usurp the vibrant secondary market for the sale of expiring domain names as a sole source supplier.Had they won, CFIT would have impacted dramatically on VeriSign’s business, so it must be reassuring to VeriSign that the court action has ended.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Antitrust Lawsuits

**Objective:** In this lesson, we will learn about antitrust lawsuits and their significance in the business world. We will also explore the case between VeriSign and CFIT, which highlights the importance of such lawsuits.

**Section 1: What are Antitrust Lawsuits?**

Antitrust lawsuits are legal actions taken by businesses or individuals to protect competition and prevent monopolies from forming. These lawsuits aim to ensure that companies do not engage in practices that could harm consumers or stifle competition.

**Section 2: The Case Between VeriSign and CFIT**

VeriSign is a company that provides domain name registry services. CFIT, on the other hand, is a coalition that advocates for greater transparency in the operations of ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers), the organization responsible for managing domain names and IP addresses.

CFIT filed an antitrust lawsuit against VeriSign, alleging that the company's pricing of domain names and its threat to usurp the secondary market for expired domain names were anti-competitive practices. VeriSign denied these allegations and fought the lawsuit in court.

**Section 3: The Settlement**

After a lengthy legal battle, VeriSign and CFIT reached a settlement out of court. Under the terms of the agreement, VeriSign did not have to pay any money to CFIT, and both parties agreed to drop all claims against each other.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

Antitrust lawsuits play a crucial role in ensuring that businesses operate fairly and do not harm consumers or stifle competition. The case between VeriSign and CFIT illustrates the importance of these lawsuits in protecting the interests of both businesses and consumers. By understanding the significance of antitrust lawsuits, we can better appreciate the complexities of the business world and the importance of fair competition.