text:
Skin absorption of solvent mixtures--effect of vehicles on skin absorption of toluene.
The skin absorption rates of toluene in various solvent mixtures were investigated in mice. The skin absorption rate of toluene in toluene/methanol mixtures exhibited a parabolic relationship to the mixed ratio. The maximum rate was obtained at a mixed ratio of 50% (V/V). The skin absorption rate of toluene at this point (50%) was about 4.7 times higher than that of pure toluene. The permeability coefficient (Kp) of toluene increased as the mixed ratio of methanol increased. Methanol enhanced skin absorption of toluene. The skin absorption rate of toluene in a toluene/benzene mixture was inversely proportional to the concentration of benzene. The Kp of toluene is kept constant through the mixed ratios of benzene, and benzene does not have an enhancing effect on the skin absorption of toluene contained in the toluene/benzene mixture. We examined the effects of various vehicles on the skin absorption rates of toluene in mixtures containing 50% (v/v) of toluene. Methanol was a good penetration enhancer for toluene, and its effect is similar to the effect of well-known skin penetration enhancers like DMSO, N,N-Dimethylacetamide, and N,N-Dimethylformamide. Therefore, it is necessary to take special precautions against the skin absorption of toluene when handing thinners that contain methanol.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Skin Absorption of Solvent Mixtures

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the skin absorption of solvent mixtures and how different vehicles can affect the rate at which a substance is absorbed into the skin. We will focus on the case study of toluene, a common solvent used in various industries.

Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

1. Skin Absorption: The process by which a substance is taken up by the skin and enters the bloodstream.
2. Solvent Mixtures: A combination of two or more solvents mixed together.
3. Vehicles: Substances that are added to a solvent to change its properties, such as increasing its solubility or reducing its toxicity.

Section 2: Practical Examples

1. Toluene is a common solvent used in industries such as paint production, printing, and chemical manufacturing. It has a strong odor and can cause health problems if inhaled or ingested.
2. In order to reduce the risk of exposure to toluene, it is sometimes mixed with other solvents or vehicles to create mixtures that are less toxic or more easily removed from the skin.
3. One example of a toluene mixture is a 50% toluene/methanol solution, which has a higher skin absorption rate than pure toluene due to the presence of methanol.

Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

1. If you work in an industry where you are exposed to toluene, it is important to understand the risks associated with skin absorption and how to minimize those risks.
2. By understanding the properties of solvent mixtures and vehicles, you can make informed decisions about which mixtures to use and how to handle them safely.
3. Additionally, understanding the effects of vehicles on skin absorption can help you choose the most effective personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent exposure to toluene and other hazardous substances.

Glossary:

- Skin absorption: The process by which a substance is taken up by the skin and enters the bloodstream.
- Solvent mixtures: A combination of two or more solvents mixed together.
- Vehicles: Substances that are added to a solvent to change its properties, such as increasing its solubility or reducing its toxicity.

Conclusion:

Understanding the properties of solvent mixtures and vehicles is crucial for individuals who work with hazardous substances like toluene. By studying the effects of vehicles on skin absorption, we can make informed decisions about which mixtures to use and how to handle them safely. This knowledge can also help us choose the most effective PPE to prevent exposure to toluene and other hazardous substances.


text:
On paper it just shouldn't work; take the line drawing mechanic from Flight Control and use it on a racing game. Somehow, though, Redlynx managed it with Drawrace, and now they're back with an even bigger and better sequel.

The original game was a time sink (in the best possible way) and the premise for the sequel hasn't changed; use one finger to draw a line around the track which will determine where your car will go. Going faster or slower affects the line and the speed that the car will travel.

Planning corners properly will result in just the right amount of powersliding, necessary in later tracks if you want to beat your opponents. Once done, the game will display the resulting race between your car and the other racers.

Learning the techniques to slow down, take corners or cut precious tenths of a second off your lap time is crucial to both winning and posting a good lap time. Drawrace 2 takes this idea and builds a whole new graphics engine around it. It looks like a whole new game, even if the mechanics are the same.

Enhancing the graphics doesn't just have an aesthetic effect on the game though, the line drawing is made easier because of the extra information from the size and shape of the line drawn on the screen and the clear view of the track helps make plotting a course a far more logical task than in the first game.

It's also far more rewarding to watch the resulting race play out in front of you once your plotting is complete. On the iPad this is enhanced further by the bigger screen. The game really comes to life on Apple's Tablet and it feels perfectly suited to the accuracy needed when tracing the course with your finger. If you have both devices then the iPad is the recommended platform to get the full experience.

One other extra feature is the turbo which, like KERS on a Formula 1 car, is recharged around corners and best used on straights. This could well have felt like an unnecessary addition if implemented incorrectly, but luckily it adds to both the strategy and the interaction of the race. Instead of being content to watch the race play out, the turbo gives you a little control over the speed of the car. It comes at a cost, though. Launching the tool at the wrong time could see your car take a corner too fast and come to a crashing halt in the barriers.

The game features 36 different tracks and a growing number of opponents on each of these bring the total levels up to 180. A series of different cars from rally to F1 and throwing in skill based tracks to collect cones keeps things interesting as you make your way through the ranks and on to the teeth grindingly difficult races at the pro level.

Add in multiplayer, where you can choose the pass-to-play approach or go online to play against ghosts over Game Center, and you have a massive amount to do in Drawrace 2, both alone and with friends.

This sequel has taken a simple game and turned it into something that matches the best the App Store has to offer. It may be a racing game that doesn't have any actual driving, but it beats a lot of other traditional racers hands down.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Racing Games

### Chapter 1: Understanding Racing Games

Racing games are a popular genre in the gaming industry. They allow players to experience the thrill of driving high-speed vehicles and competing against others. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of racing games, including their history, types, and gameplay mechanics.

### History

The first racing game was released in 1974, called "Indy 500." Since then, the genre has evolved significantly, with advancements in technology allowing for more realistic graphics and gameplay. Today, racing games are available on various platforms, including consoles, PCs, and mobile devices.

### Types of Racing Games

There are several types of racing games, including:

1. Arcade Racing Games: These games are designed for casual players and often have simpler gameplay mechanics. They are typically more accessible and fun to play.

2. Simulation Racing Games: These games aim to provide a realistic racing experience, with more complex gameplay mechanics and realistic physics.

3. Kart Racing Games: These games feature go-karts or other small vehicles and are known for their lighthearted, fun gameplay.

4. Off-Road Racing Games: These games take place on off-road tracks and feature various terrains, such as dirt, sand, and rocks.

### Gameplay Mechanics

Racing games typically involve controlling a vehicle and navigating through a track or course. Players must avoid obstacles, complete laps, and finish the race in the shortest time possible. Gameplay mechanics can vary depending on the type of racing game, but common elements include:

1. Acceleration and Deceleration: Players must control the speed of their vehicle by accelerating and decelerating.

2. Turning: Players must navigate through turns by steering their vehicle. This can involve drifting, powersliding, or using other techniques to maintain control.

3. Collision Avoidance: Players must avoid collisions with other vehicles, obstacles, or track boundaries.

4. Upgrades and Customization: Many racing games allow players to upgrade their vehicles or customize their appearance.

### Chapter 2: Gameplay and Strategies

In this chapter, we will explore the gameplay of racing games and discuss various strategies that can help players improve their performance.

### Gameplay

Racing games often involve multiple laps around a track, with players competing against each other to finish the race in the shortest time possible. The gameplay can be challenging, requiring players to master various techniques, such as drafting, blocking, and overtaking.

### Strategies

1. Drafting: Drafting involves following closely behind another vehicle to reduce air resistance and gain a speed boost. This technique is commonly used in NASCAR racing.

2. Blocking: Blocking involves positioning your vehicle in front of another player to prevent them from passing. This can be an effective strategy in tight corners or on straightaways.

3. Overtaking: Overtaking involves passing another vehicle on the track. This can be done by using a slipstream, drafting, or making a risky maneuver in a corner.

4. Race Pace: Players should pace themselves during the race, conserving energy and avoiding unnecessary risks. This can help ensure a strong finish and prevent early exhaustion.

### Chapter 3: Tips and Tricks

In this final chapter, we will share some tips and tricks that can help players improve their racing game skills.

### Tips

1. Practice: Practice makes perfect. Players should spend time practicing various tracks and vehicles to become more comfortable with the gameplay mechanics.

2. Familiarize Yourself with Tracks: Players should study the tracks and learn their layouts, including the location of turns, straights, and obstacles.

3. Use Assists: For beginners, it can be helpful to use assists, such as traction control or auto-braking, to make the gameplay more manageable.

4. Adjust Controls: Players should adjust the controls to their preferences, ensuring that they are comfortable and responsive.

### Tricks

1. Powerslide: A powerslide involves losing control of your vehicle intentionally, allowing you to slide around a corner at high speeds. This can be useful in certain situations, such as when overtaking an opponent.

2. Scrubbing Speed: Scrubbing speed involves gradually reducing your speed before entering a turn, allowing for better control and stability.

3. Corner Cutting: Corner cutting involves taking a shortcut through a corner by cutting across grass or other off-track areas. While this can be a useful strategy, it can also result in penalties or disqualification.

4. Drafting Lines: Drafting lines involve finding the optimal position behind another vehicle to maximize the drafting effect. This can be a valuable skill in races with multiple laps.

### Conclusion

Racing games are a popular and exciting genre that offers players the opportunity to experience the thrill of high-speed racing. By understanding the basics of racing games, mastering gameplay mechanics, and employing effective strategies, players can improve their performance and enjoy the game even more.


text: Women & Philanthropy Podcast—Episode 3: Causes third episode focuses on causes—where women and men give and how certain factors affect the causes they support.. Discussion topics include:. - How the top charitable causes differ for female and male donors. - Whether income plays a role in where women and men give. - How children impact giving by women and men. - Ways in which development shops can use these research findings to focus their efforts. In this conversation, Campbell & Company’s Executive Vice President Kate Roosevelt speaks with President and CEO Liz Vivian of Women’s Funding Alliance and Interim Director Andrea Pactor of WPI.. Listen to the full podcast below:. Look out for our last episode next Wednesday at 9am Central and catch up on previous episodes:

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: The Impact of Gender and Income on Charitable Giving

Introduction:
In this self-taught lesson, we will explore the impact of gender and income on charitable giving. We will discuss how the top charitable causes differ for female and male donors, whether income plays a role in where women and men give, and how children impact giving by women and men. By understanding these factors, we can learn how to use this information to focus our efforts in development shops.

Section 1: Understanding the Impact of Gender on Charitable Giving

Topic 1: How the top charitable causes differ for female and male donors
- Women tend to support causes related to education, health, and the environment, while men tend to support causes related to animals, children, and veterans.
- Women are more likely to give to organizations that support multiple causes, while men are more likely to give to organizations that support a specific cause.

Topic 2: Whether income plays a role in where women and men give
- Women tend to give more frequently but in smaller amounts than men.
- Higher-income individuals are more likely to give to charity, regardless of gender.
- However, women are more likely to give to charity when they reach a certain level of income.

Section 2: Understanding the Impact of Income on Charitable Giving

Topic 1: How children impact giving by women and men
- Women with children are more likely to give to charity than women without children.
- Men with children are more likely to give to charity than men without children.
- However, having children does not seem to impact the amount that men and women give to charity.

Topic 2: Ways in which development shops can use these research findings to focus their efforts
- Development shops can target women who have reached a certain level of income and are more likely to give to charity.
- Development shops can also target individuals who support multiple causes, as women are more likely to do so.
- Development shops can focus on organizations that support education, health, and the environment, as these are the top causes that women tend to support.

Section 3: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios

Example 1: A development shop wants to increase its female donor base. They can focus on organizations that support multiple causes, as women are more likely to support these types of organizations. They can also target women who have reached a certain level of income and are more likely to give to charity.

Example 2: A development shop wants to increase its male donor base. They can focus on organizations that support specific causes, as men are more likely to support these types of organizations. They can also target higher-income individuals, regardless of gender, as they are more likely to give to charity.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding the impact of gender and income on charitable giving can help development shops focus their efforts and increase their donor base. By targeting individuals who support multiple causes or specific causes and those who have reached a certain level of income, development shops can increase their chances of success. By applying these concepts to real-world scenarios, we can learn how to effectively use this information to improve our fundraising efforts.

Glossary:
- Gender: The characteristics that differentiate males and females, such as social roles, behaviors, and activities.
- Income: The amount of money earned by an individual or household within a specified period of time.
- Charitable giving: The act of donating money or time to support a cause or organization.

[1] Campbell & Company. (2021). Women & Philanthropy Podcast—Episode 3: Causes. Retrieved from [insert URL here].
[2] Ibid.


text: The production will play its final performance at the Atkinson Jan. 9, 2011. It will reopen at the Helen Hayes Theatre, currently the home of the limited engagement of Colin Quinn: Long Story Short, in March 2011.. Producers said that running costs at the Hayes would be significantly less than at the Atkinson.. Matthew Weaver, one of the lead producers of Rock of Ages, told the New York Times, "On a macro level, we think this move allows us to run on Broadway for another two years, if not longer, and should allow us to stay open in time for the Rock of Ages movie to open in 2012. It will be a big help to the movie if the musical is still running on Broadway, and vice versa.". (Rain—A Tribute To the Beatles on Broadway will play its final performance at the Neil Simon Theatre Jan. 15, 2011, before reopening at the Atkinson Feb. 8, 2011.) Dee Snider,.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Economic Analysis

### Section 1: What is Economic Analysis?
Economic analysis is the process of studying how individuals, businesses, governments, and other organizations allocate their scarce resources to satisfy unlimited wants and needs. It involves examining data, conducting research, and applying economic theories to understand the behavior of consumers, producers, and markets.

### Section 2: Why Study Economic Analysis?
Studying economic analysis helps us understand how the economy works and how individuals make choices based on scarcity, trade-offs, and opportunity costs. It also helps us understand the impact of government policies, globalization, and technological advancements on the economy. By understanding these concepts, we can make informed decisions as consumers, producers, investors, and citizens.

### Section 3: Applying Economic Analysis to Real-World Scenarios
Let's consider an example. Suppose there is a shortage of a particular product in the market. As a consumer, you may want to buy as much of this product as possible. However, since the product is scarce, you need to make choices about which products to prioritize. You may decide to buy the product at a higher price because it satisfies your wants and needs more effectively than other products. This decision is based on the concept of opportunity cost, which means giving up one thing to gain another.

### Section 4: Conclusion
Economic analysis is a valuable tool that helps us understand how the economy works and how individuals make choices based on scarcity, trade-offs, and opportunity costs. By studying economic analysis, we can make informed decisions as consumers, producers, investors, and citizens.


text: Michael Welden serves as the City Training Coordinator who is responsible for meeting the needs of all 1033 union employees. It is the Coordinator's goal to identify and schedule appropriate and relevant training programs in both blue-collar and white-collar areas of employment. Additionally, the Coordinator identifies and schedules professional development seminars and educational opportunities.. If you are currently employed by the City of Providence and a Local Union 1033 Member and have questions, concerns, or would like additional information, please contact Michael Welden at 401-421-7740 ext. 397 or mwelden@providenceri.com

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Role of a City Training Coordinator

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the role of a City Training Coordinator and their responsibilities in ensuring that all union employees receive appropriate and relevant training programs. We will also explore the different types of training programs available and how they can benefit employees in both blue-collar and white-collar areas of employment.

Section 1: Understanding the Role of a City Training Coordinator

The City Training Coordinator is responsible for identifying and scheduling training programs that meet the needs of all 1033 union employees. This includes both blue-collar and white-collar areas of employment. The coordinator's goal is to ensure that employees have access to relevant and appropriate training programs that will help them improve their skills and knowledge in their respective fields.

Questions and Answers:
- What is the role of a City Training Coordinator?
- Who does the City Training Coordinator serve?
- What are the responsibilities of a City Training Coordinator?

Section 2: Types of Training Programs

There are several types of training programs available to employees, including:

1. Blue-Collar Training: These programs focus on hands-on skills and physical labor. Examples include welding, plumbing, and electrical work.

2. White-Collar Training: These programs focus on office and administrative skills. Examples include computer skills, writing, and communication.

3. Professional Development Seminars: These programs focus on career advancement and personal growth. Examples include leadership training, time management, and stress reduction.

4. Educational Opportunities: These programs provide employees with the opportunity to further their education in a specific field. Examples include college courses, certification programs, and workshops.

Questions and Answers:
- What are the different types of training programs available?
- How do blue-collar and white-collar training programs differ?
- What are some examples of professional development seminars?

Section 3: Benefits of Training Programs

Training programs can benefit employees in several ways, including:

1. Improved Skills: Training programs help employees improve their skills and knowledge in their respective fields.

2. Career Advancement: Training programs can lead to career advancement opportunities, such as promotions or new job positions.

3. Personal Growth: Training programs can help employees achieve personal growth and development.

4. Increased Productivity: Employees who participate in training programs often report increased productivity and job satisfaction.

Questions and Answers:
- What are the benefits of participating in training programs?
- How can training programs lead to career advancement?
- How can training programs contribute to personal growth?

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding the role of a City Training Coordinator and the different types of training programs available is essential for employees looking to improve their skills and advance their careers. By participating in relevant and appropriate training programs, employees can benefit from improved skills, career advancement opportunities, personal growth, and increased productivity.


text: BBC News. --. State owned power supplier Abu Dhabi National Energy (TAQA) has sold its 7% stake in US electric carmaker Tesla.TAQA, three-quarter owned by the government, said it made a profit of $113m (£71m) on the sale.Tesla was founded in 2003 and its best car is the 2008 Tesla Roadster, which is sold in 32 countries.The company, which also has part shares owned by carmakers Daimler and Toyota, has seen its 2010 share listing price of $10 double since then.Tesla expects to become profitable in 2013 and envisages a tripling of revenues this, helped by July deliveries of its premium electric car, the Model S.. Read the Full Article

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Stock Market Investment

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
In this lesson, we will learn about stock market investment, which involves buying and selling shares of publicly traded companies. Companies issue shares to raise money to fund their growth and expansion. When you invest in a company's stock, you become a part-owner of that company and share in its profits or losses.

## Section 2: Questions and Answers
**Question:** What is a stock?
**Answer:** A stock represents a share in the ownership of a company. It is a security that gives the owner a proportionate share in the company's profits, as well as any voting rights, based on the number of shares they own.

**Question:** How do companies benefit from issuing stocks?
**Answer:** Companies issue stocks to raise money to fund their growth and expansion. By selling shares, they can use the money raised to invest in new products, services, or facilities, hire more employees, or expand into new markets.

**Question:** What is the stock market?
**Answer:** The stock market is a place where people buy and sell shares of stock in publicly traded companies. It provides a platform for companies to issue stocks and for investors to buy and sell those stocks.

## Section 3: Practical Examples Using Mathematical Abstractions and Real-World Scenarios
Let's say you invest $10,000 in a company's stock when it is priced at $50 per share. If the company performs well and its stock price rises to $75 per share, you can sell your shares for a profit of $2,500 ($75 - $50 = $25 x 50 shares = $1,250; $1,250 + $10,000 = $11,250 - $10,000 = $1,250).

On the other hand, if the company performs poorly and its stock price falls to $30 per share, you may lose money. If you sell your shares at this price, you would lose $1,000 ($30 - $50 = -$20 x 50 shares = -$1,000; $10,000 - $1,000 = $9,000).

## Section 4: Glossary
- **Stock:** A share in the ownership of a company.
- **Profit:** Money earned by selling something for more than it cost to produce or provide.
- **Loss:** Money lost by selling something for less than it cost to produce or provide.
- **Publicly traded company:** A company whose stock is traded on a stock exchange.
- **Share:** A single unit of ownership in a company, represented by a stock.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about stock market investment, including what stocks are, how companies benefit from issuing them, and how the stock market works. We also explored practical examples using mathematical abstractions and real-world scenarios to understand how investing in stocks can lead to profits or losses. Finally, we defined key terms in our glossary to help us better understand the concepts presented in this lesson.


text: The Drake Refuge HS Vest provides protection from the elements where you need it most. This vest is made of our Refuge HS shell fabric bonded to warm 280 gram fleece so the fabric moves as one layer.. This Vest provides protection from the elements where you need it most while keeping your arms unrestricted. Designed to be worn as outerwear, the vest is ideal for wearing over our Wingshooter’s Shirt or BreathLite Pullover to add core weather protection and warmth when a full waterproof jacket is not required. The MST Refuge HS Vest is loaded with Instinctive Features so you don’t have to give up function for comfort.. What’s In A Name?).

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Importance of Core Protection

Introduction:
Core protection refers to the practice of protecting the body's central organs, particularly the heart, lungs, and abdominal cavity, from injury during physical activities. This is especially important for individuals who participate in contact sports or high-impact exercises. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of core protection and how it can benefit athletes and non-athletes alike.

Section 1: Understanding Core Protection
Topic 1: Definition of Core Protection
- Core protection is the practice of protecting the body's central organs from injury during physical activities.
- This includes wearing appropriate gear such as protective vests, helmets, and pads to minimize the risk of injury.

Topic 2: Importance of Core Protection
- Core protection is essential for athletes who participate in contact sports or high-impact exercises.
- It helps prevent injuries to the heart, lungs, and abdominal cavity, which are vital organs for survival.
- Wearing appropriate gear can also reduce the risk of injury to other parts of the body, such as the neck, spine, and extremities.

Section 2: Types of Core Protection Gear
Topic 1: Protective Vests
- Protective vests are designed to protect the torso from impact and injury.
- They are typically made of a durable material such as Kevlar or carbon fiber, which helps absorb and distribute force during an impact.
- Some protective vests also include additional padding to provide extra protection to the chest, back, and sides.

Topic 2: Helmets
- Helmets are essential for protecting the head and brain from injury during physical activities.
- They are designed to absorb and distribute impact forces, reducing the risk of head and brain injuries.
- There are different types of helmets available, including those designed for specific sports or activities such as skiing, snowboarding, and cycling.

Topic 3: Pads
- Pads are essential for protecting the body's extremities from injury during physical activities.
- They are designed to absorb and distribute impact forces, reducing the risk of fractures, sprains, and other injuries.
- Common types of pads include elbow pads, knee pads, and wrist guards.

Section 3: Benefits of Core Protection
Topic 1: Reduced Risk of Injury
- Wearing appropriate core protection gear can significantly reduce the risk of injury during physical activities.
- This can lead to fewer lost playing days due to injury, allowing athletes to stay healthy and perform at their best.

Topic 2: Improved Performance
- By reducing the risk of injury, athletes can focus on performing at their best without worrying about potential setbacks.
- This can lead to improved performance and overall athletic ability.

Topic 3: Peace of Mind
- Knowing that you are protected while participating in physical activities can provide peace of mind and reduce anxiety.
- This can help athletes perform better and enjoy their activities more fully.

Conclusion:
Core protection is an essential practice for anyone participating in physical activities that involve contact or high-impact exercises. By wearing appropriate gear and understanding the importance of core protection, individuals can reduce the risk of injury and improve their overall performance. Remember to always choose the right gear for your specific activity and always wear it properly to ensure maximum protection.


text: One (aka mercenaries) and has raised ethical and security concerns among senior military officials, key lawmakers and members of Trump’s national security team.. To grasp this Trumpian “solution,” follow the machinations of one Erik Prince. Prince’s sister is Betsy DeVos and is Trump’s secretary of education. This family inherited their money from the co-founder of Amway. They are also evangelical Zios. DeVos, as you might guess, is pushing an alternative educational system based on private schools.. In May 2011, The New York Times reported that the UAE had signed a $529-million contract with Reflex Responses to recruit and train the so-called “Security Support Group,” an 800-member “foreign legion” for counter-terrorism and internal security missions.. Prince also were hairs. to U.S. Secretary of Defense “Mad Dog” Mattis by Prince and Dyncorp’s Steve Feinberg to utilize mercenary contractors in lieu of U.S. Gen..

textbook:
Lesson: The Role of Mercenaries in Modern Conflicts

Introduction:
Mercenaries have been a part of warfare since ancient times. However, with the advancement of technology and changes in international law, their role has become more complex. In this lesson, we will explore the role of mercenaries in modern conflicts, their impact on international relations, and the legal framework governing their use.

Section 1: What are Mercenaries?
A mercenary is a person who fights for money or other forms of payment rather than for political or ideological reasons. They are often hired by governments or organizations to provide military support, training, or other services.

Section 2: The Impact of Mercenaries on International Relations
Mercenaries have been used in various conflicts throughout history. Their use has led to debates about their impact on international relations. Some argue that they can stabilize conflict zones, while others believe they can escalate violence and undermine peace processes.

Section 3: The Legal Framework Governing Mercenaries
The United Nations Convention against Mercenaries was adopted in 2001 to regulate the use of mercenaries in conflicts. The convention defines a mercenary as someone who:

1. Is a national of a State other than the one where the armed conflict is taking place;
2. Has recruited in a State other than the one where the armed conflict is taking place;
3. Is not a member of the armed forces of any state; and
4. Has no other status that would qualify them for protection under the Geneva Conventions.

The convention prohibits the use of mercenaries in conflicts and requires states to take measures to prevent their recruitment, transit, and use.

Section 4: Practical Examples
One example of mercenaries being used in modern conflicts is the case of Blackwater Worldwide, a private military company that provided security services in Iraq. The company's employees were involved in a shooting incident in 2007 that resulted in the deaths of 17 Iraqi civilians.

Another example is the use of mercenaries in the conflict in Syria. Several foreign groups have been recruited to fight on both sides of the conflict, including the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and various opposition groups.

Conclusion:
Mercenaries play a complex role in modern conflicts, and their impact on international relations is subject to debate. The legal framework governing their use is aimed at preventing their recruitment, transit, and use in conflicts. By understanding the role of mercenaries in modern conflicts, we can better understand the challenges facing international relations and the importance of adhering to international law.

Glossary:
- Mercenary: A person who fights for money or other forms of payment rather than for political or ideological reasons.
- UN Convention against Mercenaries: An international treaty that seeks to regulate the use of mercenaries in conflicts.
- Geneva Conventions: A set of international treaties that establish the standards of humanitarian law for armed conflicts.


text:
Q:

How can I chart based on day and month using dates in Google Sheets?

I have a Google spreadsheet that has values like:
1/1/10 0
1/2/10 43
1/3/10 17
etc.

I want to be able to visualize the data on a day-by-day basis and on a month by month basis.
I managed to create a chart based on the day - but I can't figure out how to automatically group the months.
What can I do?

A:

Basically what you're looking for is something like Pivot Tables of Excel, where you can group by anything you want.
Unfortunately there is no such support in Google Spreadsheet. What you (or someone) could do though is to write a simple script to group them for you. If you're interested you can start with some tutorials.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Create Charts Based on Dates in Google Sheets

**Introduction**

In this lesson, we will learn how to create charts based on dates in Google Sheets. We will use a dataset that includes daily values for a given period. We will then explore different ways to visualize this data, including day-by-day and month-by-month charts.

**Section 1: Creating a Chart Based on Day**

1. Open your Google spreadsheet and select the range of cells containing the date values.
2. Click on the "Insert" tab and select "Chart." Choose the type of chart you want to create, such as a line chart or a bar chart.
3. Right-click on the chart and select "Select Data."
4. In the "Select Data Source" dialog box, click on the "Legend" checkbox to include a legend in your chart.
5. Click on the "Add" button and select the range of cells containing the date values.
6. Click on the "OK" button to close the dialog box.
7. Your chart should now display the data based on the day.

**Section 2: Creating a Chart Based on Month**

1. Right-click on the chart and select "Change Chart Type."
2. In the "Change Chart Type" dialog box, select the type of chart you want to create, such as a column chart or a scatter plot.
3. Select the "Grouping" option and choose "Months."
4. Your chart should now display the data based on the month.

**Section 3: Customizing the Charts**

1. Click on the chart to select it.
2. Right-click on the chart and select "Edit Chart."
3. In the "Edit Chart" dialog box, you can customize the chart by changing the colors, fonts, and other properties.
4. Click on the "OK" button to close the dialog box.

**Conclusion**

In this lesson, we learned how to create charts based on dates in Google Sheets. We explored different ways to visualize the data, including day-by-day and month-by-month charts. We also learned how to customize the charts to make them more visually appealing and informative. By applying these techniques, we can better understand and communicate our data.

**Glossary**

- **Chart:** A graphical representation of data, often used to display trends, patterns, and relationships between variables.
- **Pivot Table:** A feature in Excel that allows users to reorganize and summarize large datasets based on different criteria.
- **Range:** A selection of cells in a spreadsheet that includes multiple rows and columns.


text: Dr Darren Morton is a lifestyle medicine pioneer. He is not only an established communicator but also a recognised researcher in this emerging field, appointed as Lead Researcher in the Lifestyle Research Centre at Avondale and as a founding fellow of the Australasian Society of Lifestyle Medicine. Morton reflects on his work and on his new book, Live More Happy.. Read more at the source: Morton on lifestyle as medicine. Article excerpt posted on en.intercer.net from News.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Lifestyle Medicine

## Section 1: What is Lifestyle Medicine?
Lifestyle medicine is a branch of medicine that focuses on preventing and treating chronic diseases by promoting healthy lifestyles. It involves making changes to diet, exercise, stress management, and other behaviors to improve overall health and well-being.

## Section 2: Why is Lifestyle Medicine Important?
Lifestyle medicine is important because it can help prevent and manage many chronic diseases, such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. By making small changes to daily habits, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of developing these conditions and improve their quality of life.

## Section 3: How does Lifestyle Medicine work?
Lifestyle medicine works by addressing the root causes of chronic diseases, rather than just treating the symptoms. This includes addressing poor diet, lack of exercise, chronic stress, and other unhealthy behaviors. By making gradual changes to these behaviors, individuals can improve their health and reduce their risk of developing chronic diseases.

## Conclusion:
In conclusion, lifestyle medicine is an essential part of maintaining good health and preventing chronic diseases. By making small changes to daily habits, individuals can significantly improve their overall health and well-being. By understanding the principles of lifestyle medicine and applying them to daily life, individuals can live happier, healthier lives.


text: Why Every Project Needs a Brand (and How to Create One). Magazine: Summer 2011. - Research Feature. - Read Time: 23 min. Project leaders should sequence and articulate messaging about their projects in the same way a marketing manager would organize an external branding effort to promote a company’s products and services. Just as product branding creates awareness and sustains value in the minds of an organization’s external customers, shareholders, and constituents, a brand mindset can empower a project leader to develop strategically-timed messages to create visibility and engagement among key targets.

textbook:
Lesson: Creating a Brand for Your Project
Introduction:
A project is more than just a series of tasks that need to be completed. It is a unique entity with its own identity, goals, and objectives. A brand is what sets your project apart from others, making it memorable and recognizable. In this lesson, we will learn why every project needs a brand and how to create one.
Core Value:
The core value of creating a brand for your project is to establish a unique identity that sets it apart from other projects. A brand helps to create a sense of ownership and loyalty among stakeholders, which can lead to increased engagement and success.
How to Create a Brand for Your Project:
1. Define Your Project's Purpose and Goals: Before you can create a brand, you need to know what your project is all about. Define your project's purpose and goals, and use them to guide your branding efforts.
2. Identify Your Target Audience: Who are you trying to reach with your project? Knowing your target audience will help you tailor your branding efforts to their needs and preferences.
3. Develop a Unique Identity: Your project's brand should be unique and memorable. Use colors, fonts, and imagery that reflect your project's identity and values.
4. Communicate Consistently: Consistency is key when it comes to branding. Use the same language, visuals, and tone across all of your project's communications to reinforce your brand.
5. Engage with Stakeholders: Your brand is not just about how you present yourself, but also about how you engage with stakeholders. Be transparent, responsive, and authentic to build trust and loyalty.
Conclusion:
Creating a brand for your project is essential to establishing a unique identity that sets it apart from others. By defining your project's purpose and goals, identifying your target audience, developing a unique identity, communicating consistently, and engaging with stakeholders, you can create a powerful brand that resonates with your audience and leads to success.


text: How plants make cocaine. The discovery of the first enzyme in the pathway sheds new light on the evolution of alkaloid formation. Cocaine is one of the most commonly used (and abused) plant-derived drugs in the world, was shown to belong to the aldo-keto-reductase protein family revealing some exciting new insights into the evolution of cocaine biosynthesis.. catalysed by an enzyme of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) protein family in belladonna. Among this group of enzymes are also many alcohol-degrading dehydrogenases in animals.. .. “We obtained two very interesting results,” says Jonathan Gershenzon, director at the institute. “The enzyme reaction analogous to that in atropine synthesis − the conversion of the keto group into an alcohol residue − is catalysed-catalysed/HR

textbook:
Lesson Title: How Plants Make Cocaine

Introduction:
Plants produce a wide range of chemical compounds, some of which can have significant effects on humans and other animals. One such compound is cocaine, which is derived from the leaves of the coca plant. In this lesson, we will explore the process by which plants produce cocaine and how this knowledge can help us understand the evolution of alkaloid formation.

Section 1: The Biosynthesis of Cocaine

Topic 1: The Discovery of the First Enzyme in the Pathway

Question: What is the first enzyme discovered in the pathway for cocaine production?
Answer: The first enzyme discovered in the pathway for cocaine production is an enzyme of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) protein family in belladonna.

Topic 2: The Evolution of Cocaine Biosynthesis

Question: What is the significance of the discovery of the first enzyme in the pathway for cocaine production?
Answer: The discovery of the first enzyme in the pathway for cocaine production has revealed some exciting new insights into the evolution of cocaine biosynthesis. This finding has shown that cocaine belongs to the aldo-keto-reductase protein family, which has important implications for our understanding of how plants produce this drug.

Topic 3: The Role of Enzymes in Plant Metabolism

Question: What is the role of enzymes in plant metabolism?
Answer: Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in living organisms. They play a crucial role in plant metabolism by facilitating the production of essential compounds, such as sugars, amino acids, and other molecules.

Section 2: The Synthesis of Cocaine

Topic 1: The Chemical Structure of Cocaine

Question: What is the chemical structure of cocaine?
Answer: Cocaine is an alkaloid, which means it contains a nitrogen atom in a ring structure. Its chemical name is benzoylmethyl ecgonine.

Topic 2: The Biosynthesis of Cocaine from Atropine

Question: How is cocaine synthesized from atropine?
Answer: Cocaine is synthesized from atropine through a series of chemical reactions. The first step involves the conversion of the keto group in atropine into an alcohol residue, which is catalyzed by an enzyme of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) protein family in belladonna.

Topic 3: The Evolution of Alkaloid Formation

Question: How does the discovery of the first enzyme in the pathway for cocaine production shed light on the evolution of alkaloid formation?
Answer: The discovery of the first enzyme in the pathway for cocaine production has provided new insights into the evolution of alkaloid formation. By studying the enzymes involved in the synthesis of alkaloids, scientists can better understand the biochemical pathways that lead to the production of these compounds in plants.

Section 3: Applying Knowledge to New Problems

Topic 1: The Importance of Understanding Plant Metabolism

Question: Why is it important to study plant metabolism?
Answer: Studying plant metabolism is important because it helps us understand how plants produce essential compounds, such as sugars, amino acids, and other molecules. This knowledge can be applied to improve crop yields, develop new medicines, and better understand the natural world.

Topic 2: The Future of Cocaine Research

Question: What are the potential applications of the discovery of the first enzyme in the pathway for cocaine production?
Answer: The discovery of the first enzyme in the pathway for cocaine production has opened up new avenues of research in the field of plant metabolism. Scientists can now investigate the roles of other enzymes involved in alkaloid formation and use this knowledge to develop new strategies for controlling the production of cocaine in plants.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the discovery of the first enzyme in the pathway for cocaine production has shed new light on the evolution of alkaloid formation and has important implications for our understanding of plant metabolism. By studying the enzymes involved in the synthesis of alkaloids, scientists can gain valuable insights into the biochemical pathways that lead to the production of these compounds in plants. This knowledge can be applied to improve crop yields, develop new medicines, and better understand the natural world.

Glossary:
- Aldo-keto-reductase: A family of enzymes that catalyze the reduction of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols
- Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) protein family: A family of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes at the expense of NAD+
- Alkaloid: A nitrogen-containing organic compound that has a bitter taste and an alkaline reaction
- Cocaine: An alkaloid derived from the leaves of the coca plant that acts as a stimulant drug
- Atropine: A medicinal alkaloid that is derived from the deadly nightshade plant and has anticholinergic properties.


text:
Metabolic effects of valproate on dog renal cortical tubules.
The effect of valproate (0.01-10 mM), an antiepileptic drug inducing hyperammonemia in humans, was studied in vitro on a suspension of renal cortical tubules (greater than 85% proximal tubules) obtained from six normal dogs. When these tubules were incubated with 1 mM glutamine, the addition of valproate accelerated glutamine uptake, ammoniagenesis, and the production of alanine, lactate, and pyruvate. With 5 mM glutamine, a rise in glutamate accumulation, a much greater synthesis of alanine, an important aspartate production, and a striking accumulation of lactate and pyruvate were observed. With 1 or 5 mM lactate, lactate utilization and gluconeogenesis were markedly reduced with increasing concentrations of valproate. Oxygen consumption was reduced by only 15-20% by 10 mM valproate. The accelerated glutamine utilization resulting from valproate could not be prevented by aminooxyacetate, an inhibitor of transamination. Valproate also reduced various enzymatic activities, a finding that could not explain its metabolic effects. Four sites of action may explain these various metabolic changes: (i) a stimulation of mitochondrial glutamine transport, (ii) an increase in the flux of glutamate to malate, and (iii) a reduction in the net oxidation of pyruvate and (iv) in the flux through pyruvate carboxylase.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Metabolism

Metabolism is the process by which living organisms convert food into energy, growth, and cellular repair. It involves a series of chemical reactions that take place within cells. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of metabolism and how different substances can affect it.

**Section 1: What is Metabolism?**

Metabolism can be divided into two categories: anabolism and catabolism. Anabolism involves the building up of complex molecules from simpler ones, while catabolism involves breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones. These processes are essential for maintaining life and supporting cellular functions.

**Section 2: How does Valproate Affect Metabolism?**

In a study conducted on dog renal cortical tubules, it was found that valproate, an antiepileptic drug, can have a significant impact on metabolism. When these tubules were incubated with glutamine, a common amino acid, valproate accelerated the uptake of glutamine and produced more alanine, lactate, and pyruvate. This suggests that valproate can alter the metabolic pathways within cells.

**Section 3: The Effects of Valproate on Metabolism**

The study showed that valproate can affect several aspects of metabolism. It can increase the rate of glutamine uptake, ammoniagenesis, and the production of alanine, lactate, and pyruvate. Additionally, valproate can reduce the rate of glutamate accumulation, aspartate production, and oxygen consumption. These changes in metabolism could have significant implications for the functioning of cells and overall health.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential impact of valproate on metabolism. Further research is needed to fully understand the effects of this drug on cells and tissues. However, this lesson serves as an introduction to the basics of metabolism and how different substances can affect it. By understanding the principles of metabolism, we can better appreciate the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle and avoiding substances that may disrupt the delicate balance of our cells.


text: Disney CEO Bob Iger Resigns from Apple's Board of Directors. On the same day the Apple+ streaming service was announced.. Disney CEO Bob Iger has officially resigned from Apple‘s board of directors.. According to an SEC filing, Iger had stepped down from his position on the board on September 10, almost eight years after he first joined. According to the Disney CEO’s statement to The Hollywood Reporter, Iger says that he.”. While Iger nor Apple has given any official reason for his departure, it seems less than a coincidence that his exit took place the same day Apple announced its own streaming service Apple+, which will directly compete against Disney’s earlier-announced platform, Disney+.. On the resignation, Apple issued the following statement, praising the Disney CEO for his contributions over the eight years:. .”. For more entertainment news, James Gunn has revealed a star-studded cast for his reboot of Suicide Squad.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Corporate Strategy and Competition in the Entertainment Industry

Introduction:
The entertainment industry is highly competitive, with companies constantly vying for market share and audience attention. In this lesson, we will explore the strategies used by companies to gain an edge over their competitors, using the example of Disney and Apple.

Section 1: Understanding Corporate Strategy

Corporate strategy refers to the long-term goals and objectives of a company, and the strategies it employs to achieve them. In the entertainment industry, corporate strategy involves identifying the target audience, developing content that appeals to them, and distributing that content through the most effective channels.

Question: What is corporate strategy?
Answer: Corporate strategy is the long-term plan of a company that outlines its goals and objectives, and the strategies it will use to achieve them.

Section 2: Competition in the Entertainment Industry

Competition in the entertainment industry is fierce, with companies constantly vying for market share and audience attention. This competition can take many forms, from direct competition between similar products or services to indirect competition through the creation of new markets.

Question: How does competition affect the entertainment industry?
Answer: Competition in the entertainment industry is intense, as companies strive to create the best content and distribute it through the most effective channels. This can lead to innovation and improvement in the quality of products and services, but it can also result in price wars and a race to the bottom.

Section 3: Disney and Apple

Disney and Apple are two of the biggest players in the entertainment industry. Disney is known for its family-friendly content, while Apple is known for its cutting-edge technology. However, their interests recently collided when Apple announced its own streaming service, Apple+, which will directly compete against Disney's earlier-announced platform, Disney+.

Question: How does Disney's and Apple's corporate strategy differ?
Answer: Disney's corporate strategy focuses on creating family-friendly content that appeals to a wide audience, while Apple's strategy is to create cutting-edge technology that enhances the user experience.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding corporate strategy and competition in the entertainment industry is crucial for success in this highly competitive industry. By studying the strategies used by companies like Disney and Apple, we can learn how to develop effective strategies of our own.

Glossary:
- Corporate strategy: A company's long-term plan that outlines its goals and objectives, and the strategies it will use to achieve them.
- Competition: The act of competing or striving to excel or surpass others.
- Market share: The percentage of total sales earned by a product or service relative to the total sales of similar products or services in a given market.


text: Outland Denim is a wonderful Jeans company started by Aussie Jim Bartle. Outland partners with Destiny Rescue to receive our girls for employment. We currently have over 10 girls from Kampong Cham working with Outland.. Outland plays a huge part in seeing the destiny of our girls changed forever. It brings so much joy to my heart when I see these beautiful young lives thriving and excited about their work placements with Outland.. The Jeans produced by Outland are the best you will ever wear! Not to mention the most ethical!. Please check out their website, read their stories, buy their jeans and support this wonderful enterprise.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Identify Ethical Clothing Brands

Introduction:
Clothing is an essential part of our daily lives. However, not all clothing brands are created equal. Some clothing brands may exploit workers or use unsustainable production methods that harm the environment. In this lesson, we will learn how to identify ethical clothing brands that prioritize worker rights and sustainability.

Section 1: Understanding Ethical Clothing Brands

Topic 1: What makes a clothing brand ethical?
An ethical clothing brand is one that prioritizes worker rights and sustainability throughout the entire production process. This includes paying fair wages, providing safe working conditions, and using eco-friendly materials.

Topic 2: Why is it important to support ethical clothing brands?
Supporting ethical clothing brands is important because it helps to create a more sustainable and equitable fashion industry. By choosing to buy from ethical brands, we can help to reduce the negative impact of fast fashion on the environment and on workers.

Section 2: Identifying Ethical Clothing Brands

Topic 1: Research the brand's production methods
To identify an ethical clothing brand, we need to research the brand's production methods. Look for brands that use sustainable materials, such as organic cotton or recycled polyester, and that have transparent supply chains.

Topic 2: Check for certifications
Certifications are another way to identify ethical clothing brands. Look for brands that have certifications from organizations such as Fair Trade, OEKO-TEX, or the Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS).

Section 3: Examples of Ethical Clothing Brands

Outland Denim is an example of an ethical clothing brand. They partner with Destiny Rescue to provide employment opportunities for women who have been rescued from human trafficking. Outland also uses sustainable materials and has transparent supply chains.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, identifying ethical clothing brands is important to support a more sustainable and equitable fashion industry. By researching production methods, checking for certifications, and supporting brands that prioritize worker rights and sustainability, we can make a difference in the world.

Glossary:
- Ethical: refers to a clothing brand that prioritizes worker rights and sustainability throughout the entire production process.
- Sustainable: refers to materials that are environmentally friendly and do not harm the environment.
- Transparent supply chain: refers to a clothing brand that is open about where their materials come from and how their products are made.
- Certifications: refers to official documents that show a clothing brand meets certain standards for worker rights and sustainability.


text: KeVita. KeVita is a leader in fermented probiotic and kombucha beverages with three refreshingly accessible product lines and billions of live probiotics in every bottle. With over two dozen flavors of Sparkling Probiotic Drink, Master Brew Kombucha and Apple Cider Vinegar Tonic, all KeVita drinks are USDA Certified Organic, non-GMO Project Verified and gluten-free. Crafted since 2009, KeVita has grown from a kitchen in Ojai, California to over 20,000 retail locations across North America. KeVita uses only the highest quality ingredients and pairs age-old techniques with modern technology to provide the finest quality, flavor, and functionality in the market. Learn more at KeVita.com.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to KeVita

## Section 1: What is KeVita?
KeVita is a company that produces fermented probiotic and kombucha beverages. These drinks are made with natural ingredients and contain billions of live probiotics in every bottle. The company was founded in 2009 and has grown to be available in over 20,000 retail locations across North America.

## Section 2: Why is KeVita important?
KeVita is important because it offers a healthy alternative to sugary drinks. Their beverages are USDA Certified Organic, non-GMO Project Verified, and gluten-free. This means that they are made with high-quality ingredients that are safe for consumption by people with dietary restrictions. Additionally, the company's use of fermentation and probiotics makes their drinks a great way to improve gut health.

## Section 3: How does KeVita work?
KeVita works by using a combination of traditional fermentation techniques and modern technology to create delicious and functional beverages. Their master brewers use age-old methods to craft their kombucha and sparkling probiotic drinks, while also incorporating modern technology to ensure the highest quality product. The result is a line of refreshing drinks that are both tasty and good for you.

## Glossary:
- Fermentation: A process in which microorganisms such as bacteria or yeast convert carbohydrates (like sugar) into alcohol, acids, or gases.
- Probiotics: Live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host.
- Kombucha: A fermented tea drink that is made from sweetened tea and a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast.

## Conclusion:
In conclusion, KeVita is an important company that produces delicious and healthy beverages. Their use of probiotics and fermentation makes them a great choice for those looking to improve their gut health. By understanding the science behind their products, we can appreciate the care and effort that goes into each bottle.


text: Not Found. Pages. Categories. Archives. -. - July 2016. - March 2016. - February 2016. - January 2016. - December. beauty beauty & wellness children culture Diseases drugs education equipment family fitness & workouts food hardware & software health health and beauty history home home and family insurance & pension it literature magic medicine medicine & surgery men miscellaneous money news news & press lyrics philosophy products and services psychology relations society society and culture spirituality sport sports stories Tips today to lose weight Traditional medicine travel vacation & tourism Vitamins. Logo of the World Health Organization.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to the World Health Organization (WHO)

## Lesson Overview
In this lesson, we will learn about the World Health Organization (WHO), its history, mission, and goals. We will also explore the various programs and initiatives that WHO has implemented to improve global health.

## Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
- Define the World Health Organization (WHO)
- Describe the history and mission of WHO
- Identify the goals of WHO
- Explain the programs and initiatives of WHO

## Lesson Outline
1. Introduction to WHO
    - Definition of WHO
    - Brief history of WHO
    - Mission statement of WHO
2. Goals of WHO
    - Eradication of diseases
    - Prevention and control of diseases
    - Promotion of health
3. Programs and Initiatives of WHO
    - Global Polio Eradication Initiative
    - Expanded Program on Immunization
    - Safe Motherhood Initiative
    - Healthy Cities Project
4. Conclusion
    - Summary of key points
    - Importance of WHO in global health
    - Application of skills learned to new problems

## Glossary
- World Health Organization (WHO): A specialized agency of the United Nations that is responsible for promoting global health.
- Eradication: The complete elimination of a disease from a specific geographic area or population.
- Prevention: Measures taken to prevent the occurrence of a disease or injury.
- Control: The regulation and limitation of the spread of a disease or injury.
- Promotion: Activities aimed at improving the overall health and well-being of individuals and communities.
- Polio: A highly infectious disease caused by a virus that invades the nervous system and can lead to paralysis.
- Immunization: The process of protecting an individual from a disease by administering a vaccine.
- Safe Motherhood: A movement aimed at reducing maternal mortality and improving the overall health and well-being of mothers during pregnancy and childbirth.
- Healthy Cities Project: An initiative aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles and improving the overall health of cities and communities.

## Self-Debate Discussion
Why is it important for us to learn about organizations like WHO? How can we apply the knowledge we gain from this lesson to make a positive impact on global health?


text: Our Tactile Sensory Balls Play Set is a soft and chunky plastic ball with six smaller balls nestled all around it.. The main ball is red, with a mix of dimples and nobbles spread across its surface.. Each of the smaller balls around the edge feature a unique colour, texture and pattern, providing both a visual and tactile treat.. As such, it’s perfect for babies and young children who are developing as well as those who benefit from sensory aids.. - Soft and chunky plastic ball. - Six more balls nestled within largest ball. - Variety of visual and tactile sensations. - Perfect for developing children. Dims: Approx 22 cm diameter.. Age: 12 Months+

textbook:
**Lesson: Introduction to Sensory Play**

**Section 1: What is Sensory Play?**
Sensory play is a type of play that involves using your senses to explore and learn about the world around you. It can involve activities like touching, smelling, tasting, seeing, and hearing. Sensory play is important for children because it helps them develop their sense of touch, taste, smell, sight, and hearing. It also helps them learn about cause and effect, and how things work.

**Section 2: Why is Sensory Play Important?**
Sensory play is important for children because it helps them develop their senses and learn about the world around them. It also helps them learn about cause and effect, and how things work. Sensory play can also help children develop their fine motor skills, hand-eye coordination, and problem-solving skills.

**Section 3: How to do Sensory Play**
To do sensory play, you will need a variety of materials that stimulate the senses. For example, you could use a tactile sensory ball play set, which has a soft and chunky plastic ball with six smaller balls nestled all around it. Each of the smaller balls features a unique color, texture, and pattern. You could also use other materials like sand, water, or clay.

To get started, choose a material and let the child explore it with their hands. Encourage them to touch, squeeze, and squish the material. Ask questions like, "What does it feel like?" or "What color is it?" to help them describe their experiences. You can also provide prompts like, "Can you find the smooth ball?" or "Which ball is the biggest?"

**Section 4: Practical Examples**
Here's an example of a sensory play activity using the tactile sensory ball play set:

Materials:
- Tactile sensory ball play set
- Table or surface to place the balls on
- Baby or young child

Instructions:
1. Place the tactile sensory ball play set on a table or surface where the baby or young child can reach it.
2. Encourage the child to explore the balls with their hands. Ask questions like, "What does the red ball feel like?" or "Which ball is the smoothest?"
3. Observe the child's reactions and encourage them to touch, squeeze, and squish the balls.
4. You can also provide prompts like, "Can you find the ball with the bumpy texture?" or "Which ball is the smallest?"

**Glossary:**
- Senses: The ability to perceive stimuli such as touch, taste, smell, sight, and hearing.
- Sensory play: A type of play that involves using your senses to explore and learn about the world around you.
- Fine motor skills: The ability to use small muscles in the hands and fingers to perform tasks like writing, drawing, and picking up small objects.
- Hand-eye coordination: The ability to move your hands and eyes together to perform tasks like catching a ball or drawing a picture.
- Problem-solving skills: The ability to think critically and come up with solutions to problems.

**Conclusion:**
Sensory play is an important part of a child's development. It helps them learn about the world around them and develop their senses, fine motor skills, hand-eye coordination, and problem-solving skills. By using materials like the tactile sensory ball play set, children can explore and learn in a fun and engaging way.


text: In their efforts to make the 2008 Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X stronger, more powerful and more luxurious, they made it heavier, 250 pounds heavier.. Chrysler’s small product portfolio isn’t supported at all by the fact that many of its new cars are already moving towards the bottom of their segments in everything from refinement to build quality.. Ind... Ford has confirmed: it will launch a high-performance RS version of its Focus in 2009.. "We want the new Focus RS to own the road". Dodge has released the initial authorized teaser pictures of the. production Challenger SRT8, just three days after dealers began. accepting commands for the limited edition version on Monday Dec. 3.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Product Portfolio Management in Business

Introduction:
Product portfolio management is an essential aspect of business management that involves identifying, analyzing, and selecting the right products to meet the needs of customers. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of product portfolio management in business and how it can help companies achieve their goals.

Section 1: Understanding Product Portfolio Management

Topic 1: What is Product Portfolio Management?
Product portfolio management refers to the process of managing all the products in a company's portfolio. It involves identifying the products that are profitable, determining the products that need improvement, and selecting the right products to meet customer needs.

Topic 2: Why is Product Portfolio Management Important?
Product portfolio management is crucial because it helps companies to:

1. Identify the most profitable products: By analyzing the performance of each product in the portfolio, companies can identify the products that generate the most revenue and focus on improving them.

2. Make informed decisions: Product portfolio management helps companies to make informed decisions about which products to keep, improve or discontinue based on market trends, customer needs, and financial performance.

3. Stay competitive: By regularly reviewing and updating their product portfolio, companies can stay ahead of their competitors and meet changing customer needs.

4. Improve customer satisfaction: Product portfolio management helps companies to offer products that meet customer needs and preferences, leading to higher customer satisfaction levels.

Section 2: Practical Examples of Product Portfolio Management

Topic 1: Chrysler's Small Product Portfolio
Chrysler's small product portfolio wasn't supported by the fact that many of its new cars were already moving towards the bottom of their segments in everything from refinement to build quality. This meant that Chrysler was not offering products that met customer needs effectively.

Topic 2: Ford's New Focus RS
Ford's new Focus RS is an example of how product portfolio management can lead to the development of a successful product. Ford wanted to create a car that would "own the road," and they achieved this by focusing on performance, refinement, and build quality.

Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

Topic 1: The Importance of Product Portfolio Management in Business
Debate: Some people argue that product portfolio management is not necessary if a company has a strong brand and a loyal customer base. However, others believe that even the most successful companies need to continuously review and update their product portfolio to stay relevant and competitive in the market.

Topic 2: The Role of Customer Feedback in Product Portfolio Management
Debate: Some people believe that customer feedback is the most important factor in product portfolio management, while others argue that market trends and financial performance should be the primary drivers of product selection.

Conclusion:
Product portfolio management is an essential aspect of business management that helps companies to identify, analyze, and select the right products to meet customer needs. By regularly reviewing and updating their product portfolio, companies can stay ahead of their competitors, improve customer satisfaction levels, and achieve their business goals.


text: Time Charter equivalent is a shipping industry standard that measures the average daily revenue performance of a vessel.. It is calculated by the formula:. TCE = Voyage Revenues – Voyage Expenses/ Round Trip Duration in Days. Typical expenses of a shipping vessel are that of fuel, port and canal costs.. TCE helps in understanding the changes in period-to-period revenue of a shipping vessel. However, it is not a GAAP measure, which implies that companies cannot report this a financial accounting measure, but it can be shown in financial summary as part of footnotes.. Search & Explore : Management Dictionary. Browse the definition and meaning of more terms similar to Time Charter Equivalent (TCE). The Management Dictionary covers over 7000 business concepts from 6 categories.. Quizzes!. Related Business Content

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Time Charter Equivalent (TCE) in Shipping Industry

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

**Topic:** Time Charter Equivalent (TCE)
**Definition:** Time Charter Equivalent is a shipping industry standard that measures the average daily revenue performance of a vessel.

**Explanation:** In the shipping industry, vessels are hired for a specific period of time, known as time charters. The revenue generated from these charters is based on the number of days the vessel is hired. The Time Charter Equivalent (TCE) is a measure that helps in understanding the changes in period-to-period revenue of a shipping vessel. It is calculated by the formula: TCE = Voyage Revenues – Voyage Expenses/ Round Trip Duration in Days.

**Questions:**
1. What is the purpose of calculating Time Charter Equivalent (TCE)?
2. How is TCE calculated?
3. Why is TCE an important measure in the shipping industry?

### Section 2: Practical Examples

**Topic:** Time Charter Equivalent (TCE)
**Example:** Let's assume a vessel completes a round trip in 20 days, generating $50,000 in revenue and spending $10,000 on fuel and $5,000 on port and canal costs. Calculate the TCE for this voyage.

**Solution:** Using the formula for TCE, we have:
TCE = Voyage Revenues – Voyage Expenses/ Round Trip Duration in Days
TCE = ($50,000 - $10,000 - $5,000)/ 20 days
TCE = $35,000 / 20 days
TCE = $1,750 per day

In this example, the TCE for this voyage is $1,750 per day.

**Questions:**
1. How does the cost of fuel and port fees affect the TCE of a voyage?
2. Can you explain why TCE is calculated on a per-day basis?
3. How does TCE help in understanding the revenue performance of a vessel?

### Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

**Topic:** Time Charter Equivalent (TCE)
**Scenario:** A shipping company wants to compare the revenue performance of two different vessels they operate. They calculate the TCE for each vessel and find that one vessel has a higher TCE than the other. Which vessel is performing better in terms of revenue generation?

**Solution:** Based on the TCE calculation, the vessel with a higher TCE is performing better in terms of revenue generation.

**Questions:**
1. How does TCE help in comparing the revenue performance of different vessels?
2. Can you explain the importance of comparing TCE when making decisions about purchasing new vessels?
3. How does TCE provide valuable information for investors and analysts in the shipping industry?

### Glossary

**Time Charter Equivalent (TCE):** A measure used in the shipping industry to calculate the average daily revenue performance of a vessel.

**Voyage Revenues:** The revenue generated from a time charter agreement.

**Voyage Expenses:** The costs incurred during a voyage, such as fuel and port fees.

**Round Trip Duration:** The total duration of a round trip, including travel time and waiting time at ports.

### Conclusion

In conclusion, Time Charter Equivalent (TCE) is an important measure in the shipping industry that helps in understanding the changes in period-to-period revenue of a shipping vessel. By calculating TCE, shipping companies can compare the revenue performance of different vessels and make informed decisions about purchasing new vessels. Investors and analysts also use TCE to evaluate the financial performance of shipping companies. Understanding TCE requires knowledge of key terms and concepts, such as voyage revenues, voyage expenses, and round trip duration. By applying the concepts learned in this lesson, students can analyze and interpret TCE data to gain valuable insights into the shipping industry.


text:
In January 2010, the Supreme Court ruled in the case of Citizens United v. Federal Election Committee that it was unconstitutional to limit political campaign spending by corporations, thus helping to usher in the current era of the “super PAC.” Today, Vermont’s state legislature became the latest to call for an amendment to the Constitution that would overturn the controversial court ruling and declare that “money is not speech and corporations are not persons under the U.S. Constitution.”

“This resolution is a reaffirmation of the belief, shared by many Vermont communities, that corporations should not be allowed to engage in unlimited spending to unduly influence elections,” said Shap Smith, Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives, which passed the measure by a 92-40 vote. The state senate had already passed the measure last week by a vote of 26 to 3.

With today’s announcement, Vermont joins Hawaii and New Mexico in the growing grassroots movement to upend the 2010 decision. Similar measures are have made it through at least one legislative chamber in California, Alaska and Iowa.

“Most Vermonters don’t believe that the founders of our Constitution intended for business corporations, whose sole purpose is to raise money for their owners, to be able to participate, on behalf of those owners, in elections,” said state representative David Sharpe.

“Today’s passage shows that a movement for a constitutional amendment to take back our democracy has gone from being considered a ‘pipe dream’ to the mainstream. Vermonters should be proud to have a leading role in driving forward this historic movement,” says Robert Weissman, President of Public Citizen.

The Vermont vote comes one day after a number of U.S. lawmakers held a summit on the growing movement for an amendment to overturn Citizens United v. Federal Election Committee.

That original lawsuit centered around a documentary about Hillary Clinton produced by conservative group Citizens United. It had wanted to advertise the film on TV in the month leading up to the 2008 Democratic primary, but that would have been in violation of the McCain-Feingold Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002.

In a controversial 5-4 ruling, the Supreme Court said that portions of the BCRA violated First Amendment rights of businesses.

In writing the dissent for the court’s decision, Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens wrote:

Corporations help structure and facilitate the activities of human beings, to be sure, and their “personhood” often serves as a useful legal fiction. But they are not themselves members of “We the People” by whom and for whom our Constitution was established.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Campaign Finance Reform

Introduction:
Campaign finance reform is an essential aspect of maintaining a fair and just democratic system. It ensures that all candidates have equal opportunities to compete for public office, regardless of their financial resources. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of campaign finance reform and its impact on society.

Section 1: Understanding Campaign Finance Reform

Topic 1: What is Campaign Finance Reform?
Campaign finance reform refers to the laws and practices that regulate the financing of political campaigns. It seeks to ensure that candidates are not influenced by large donors or special interests groups, and that all citizens have an equal opportunity to participate in the political process.

Topic 2: Why is Campaign Finance Reform Important?
Campaign finance reform is crucial because it helps to prevent corruption in politics. When candidates rely heavily on large donors or special interest groups for funding, they may feel pressure to enact policies that benefit those donors, rather than the general public. This can lead to a system where only wealthy individuals or organizations can effectively run for office, excluding many qualified candidates who lack the necessary financial resources.

Section 2: The Impact of Citizens United v. Federal Election Committee

Topic 1: What is Citizens United v. Federal Election Committee?
Citizens United v. Federal Election Committee was a landmark Supreme Court case in 2010 that ruled that corporations have the same free speech rights as individuals. This decision opened the door for corporations to spend unlimited amounts of money on political campaigns, which has led to an increase in the influence of big business in politics.

Topic 2: How has Citizens United affected Campaign Finance Reform?
The Citizens United decision has had a significant impact on campaign finance reform. It has allowed corporations and wealthy individuals to make unlimited contributions to political campaigns, giving them more influence over the political process. This has created a situation where candidates may feel pressure to cater to the interests of their donors, rather than the general public.

Section 3: Grassroots Movements for Campaign Finance Reform

Topic 1: What is the current status of Campaign Finance Reform efforts?
There are currently several grassroots movements advocating for campaign finance reform at the state and federal levels. These efforts include calls for a constitutional amendment to overturn Citizens United and other measures to limit the influence of money in politics.

Topic 2: How can I get involved in Campaign Finance Reform efforts?
There are many ways to get involved in campaign finance reform efforts. You can contact your local representatives and urge them to support legislation that promotes campaign finance reform, volunteer with organizations that are working on this issue, or even run for office yourself if you feel strongly about this issue.

Conclusion:
Campaign finance reform is essential to maintaining a fair and just democratic system. The Citizens United decision has made it more difficult to achieve this goal, but grassroots movements are working to promote reform at the state and federal levels. By getting involved in these efforts, we can help to ensure that all citizens have an equal opportunity to participate in the political process.


text: Poisoned Pet Food, Are We Next?. I keep waiting for somebody to point out the larger issue arising from the tragic pet food poisoning story. One supplier with a tainted product has manged to kill several hundred pets, sicken thousands, and cripple a huge chunk of the pet food market.. All indicators are that this was an accident. Just think if somebody did it on purpose and did it in a more nefarious way… and did it to some additive in the human food supply. What kind of disaster could be wrought?. Our food supply is the terrorism risk that nobody ever wants to talk about because it’s so scary. We rely on so few processors and vendors for certain things, such as processed corn syrup (a food stuff nearly unknown before the 1950s), that one bad actor with a devious plan could make us afraid to eat or drink nearly anything.. I am deeply saddened by the tragic deaths of so many dogs and cats. But their deaths won’t have been meaningless if we use this opportunity to focus on the risks to our food supply.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Food Safety

Introduction:
Food safety is a crucial aspect of our daily lives. We need to ensure that the food we eat is safe and free from contaminants that can harm us. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of food safety and how it applies to both humans and animals.

Section 1: Understanding Food Safety

Topic 1: What is Food Safety?
Food safety refers to the practices and procedures that are followed to ensure that the food we eat is safe and free from contaminants. It involves the handling, preparation, storage, and distribution of food in ways that prevent food-borne illnesses.

Topic 2: Why is Food Safety Important?
Food safety is important because it prevents food-borne illnesses that can cause severe health problems or even death. Contaminated food can lead to diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever, among other symptoms. In addition, food safety measures help maintain the quality and nutritional value of our food.

Topic 3: Who is Responsible for Food Safety?
Everyone who handles food, from farmers to processors to retailers, has a responsibility to ensure food safety. Governments also play a role in enforcing food safety standards and regulations.

Section 2: Food Safety in the Pet Food Industry

Topic 1: The Recent Pet Food Poisoning Incident
In recent news, there was an incident where several hundred pets died after eating tainted pet food. This incident highlights the importance of food safety in the pet food industry.

Topic 2: The Impact of Food Safety on Pets
Food safety is not just important for humans; it is also crucial for the health and well-being of our pets. Pets are considered part of the family, and we want to ensure that they are fed safely and properly.

Section 3: Food Safety and the Human Food Supply

Topic 1: The Risk of Food Contamination
Our food supply is vulnerable to contamination from various sources, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and chemicals. These contaminants can cause food-borne illnesses that can be severe and even fatal.

Topic 2: The Role of Processors and Vendors
Processors and vendors play a crucial role in ensuring food safety. They must follow strict guidelines and protocols to prevent contamination and ensure that the food we eat is safe.

Conclusion:
Food safety is essential for the health and well-being of both humans and animals. We must be vigilant in ensuring that our food supply is safe and free from contaminants. By understanding the importance of food safety and following proper practices, we can prevent food-borne illnesses and protect ourselves and our pets.


text: . Category Archives St. ries. Powering Women in Rwanda. To mark this year’s International Women’s Day, we are celebrating the stories of women in Rwanda. Rwanda currently has the world’s highest percentage of female leaders in parliament. Still, young Rwandan women face many challenges when it comes to energy access and education opportunity, and these barriers have increased with the COVID-19 pandemic. A 16-year-old […]Posted inStories. Introducing Littlesun.org. Our CEO John Heller introduces Little Sun’s new direction: To our donors, who have generously supported Little Sun over the past decade. To our partners in Africa, who reach remote communities with clean energy. To our global partners, who share our message of hope with the world. To everyone who has bought a Little Sun […]Posted inStories

textbook:
Lesson Title: Empowering Women in Rwanda through Education and Energy Access
Level: Primary through High School
Introduction: In this lesson, we will learn about the challenges faced by young Rwandan women in accessing education and energy, and how these barriers can be overcome. We will also explore the importance of female leadership in Rwanda and how it has impacted the country's development.
Section 1: Introduction to Women's Empowerment in Rwanda
Topic 1: The Role of Women in Rwanda's Development
- Definition of Women's Empowerment
- Importance of Female Leadership in Rwanda
- Examples of Women Leaders in Rwanda
Topic 2: Challenges Faced by Young Rwandan Women
- Lack of Access to Education
- Limited Access to Energy
- Increased Barriers due to COVID-19 Pandemic
Section 2: Solutions to Overcome Barriers Faced by Young Rwandan Women
Topic 1: Education Initiatives
- Little Sun Foundation's Efforts to Provide Solar-Powered Lighting to Remote Communities
- Partnerships with Local Organizations to Improve Education Opportunities
Topic 2: Energy Solutions
- Use of Renewable Energy Sources such as Solar and Wind Power
- Government Initiatives to Expand Access to Electricity
Section 3: Critical Thinking Questions
- How can we promote gender equality in education and energy access?
- What role do women play in Rwanda's development?
- How can we ensure that girls have equal opportunities to access education and energy?
Glossary:
- Women's Empowerment: The process of enabling women to achieve their full potential and participate equally in society.
- Female Leadership: Women in positions of power and influence in government, business, and civil society.
Conclusion: By understanding the challenges faced by young Rwandan women and the importance of female leadership in Rwanda, we can work towards empowering women in education and energy access. Through initiatives such as the Little Sun Foundation, we can provide solar-powered lighting to remote communities and improve education opportunities for girls. By promoting gender equality, we can create a more equitable and prosperous future for all.


text: Social Media Executive Jobs June 2021 – Latest SPAR Pakistan Jobs. Hiring is pleased to announce the Latest Vacancies, which is announced today for the position of Social Media Executive in a well-reputed firm naming SPAR Pakistan: IT People Consulting Position: Senior Developer Salesforce Experience: 7+ years of experience in application development using Salesforce. 5+ years of experience in...Apply For This Job. If your career goals include working for Rotana Careers in Dubai & UAE then we are here to help aid you through...Apply For This Job. Sales Officer Jobs July 2021 – Latest FF Steel Jobs Hiring is pleased to announce the Latest Vacancies, which is announced today for the... To apply for this job email your details to jobs@spar.pk

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Salesforce Development

**Objective:** In this lesson, we will learn about Salesforce development and its applications in the business world. We will cover the basics of Salesforce, its features, and how it can be used to improve business processes.

**Section 1: Introduction to Salesforce**

Salesforce is a cloud-based customer relationship management (CRM) software that helps businesses manage their customer interactions and data. It is a powerful tool that can be used to automate various business processes, such as sales, marketing, and customer service.

**Section 2: Features of Salesforce**

Salesforce offers a wide range of features that make it an essential tool for businesses. Some of its key features include:

- Customer Relationship Management (CRM): Salesforce allows businesses to manage their customer interactions and data in one place.
- Sales Automation: Salesforce automates various sales processes, such as lead tracking, opportunity management, and forecasting.
- Marketing Automation: Salesforce provides tools for businesses to create and execute marketing campaigns, track customer interactions, and analyze results.
- Customer Service: Salesforce offers a customer service platform that enables businesses to manage customer inquiries and support requests.
- Analytics and Reporting: Salesforce provides powerful analytics and reporting tools that allow businesses to track their performance and make data-driven decisions.

**Section 3: Applications of Salesforce**

Salesforce can be used in various industries to improve business processes. Here are some examples:

- Retail: Salesforce can be used by retailers to manage customer interactions, track sales, and analyze customer behavior.
- Healthcare: Salesforce can be used by healthcare providers to manage patient records, schedule appointments, and track patient outcomes.
- Financial Services: Salesforce can be used by financial institutions to manage customer relationships, track investments, and analyze market trends.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

In conclusion, Salesforce is a powerful tool that can be used to improve business processes in various industries. By understanding its features and applications, businesses can leverage its capabilities to gain a competitive advantage.

**Glossary:**

- CRM: Customer Relationship Management
- Sales Automation: The process of automating sales processes, such as lead tracking and opportunity management.
- Marketing Automation: The use of software and technology to automate marketing tasks, such as email marketing and social media posting.
- Customer Service: The process of managing customer inquiries and support requests.
- Analytics: The process of analyzing data to gain insights and make informed decisions.
- Reporting: The process of generating reports based on data analysis.

**Self-Debating Discussion:**

1. What are the benefits of using Salesforce in a business?
2. How does Salesforce differ from other CRM software?
3. Can Salesforce be customized to meet specific business needs?


text: Bangkok.Travel by Bus in ThailandInter terminals are: Ekamai (for the east and northeast), Mor Chit (for the north), Thonburi (for the west) and Pin Klao (for the south).Bus Terminal Contact Northern Bus Terminal :Kampaengphet 2 Rd, BangkokTel: (66) 2936-3660 Eastern Bus Terminal :Sukhumvit Rd, Bangkok.Tel: (66) 2391-2504Northeastern Bus Terminal :Kampaengphet 2 Rd, BangkokTel: (66) 2936-0667 Southern Bus Terminal :Boromratchchonnani Rd, BangkokTel: (66) 2435-1200, 2434-7192Central Bus Terminal :Kampaengphet 2 Rd, BangkokTel: (66) 2936-1897, 2936-1886. valid XHTML and CSS.. Speed Test .

textbook:
Lesson: How to Travel by Bus in Thailand
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about traveling by bus in Thailand. We will cover the different bus terminals in Bangkok, how to get to them, and what to expect when taking a bus in Thailand.
Section 1: Bus Terminals in Bangkok
- There are four main bus terminals in Bangkok: Ekamai (for the east and northeast), Mor Chit (for the north), Thonburi (for the west), and Pin Klao (for the south).
- Each terminal serves different areas of Thailand, so it's essential to know which terminal you need to go to depending on your destination.
- The Northern Bus Terminal is located at Kampaengphet 2 Rd, Bangkok, while the Eastern Bus Terminal is located at Sukhumvit Rd, Bangkok. The Northeastern Bus Terminal is also located at Kampaengphet 2 Rd, Bangkok, and the Southern Bus Terminal is located at Boromratchchonnani Rd, Bangkok.
- To get to the bus terminals, you can take the BTS Skytrain to the following stations: Ekamai for the Eastern Bus Terminal, Mo Chit for the Northern Bus Terminal, and Siam for the Central Bus Terminal.
Section 2: What to Expect When Taking a Bus in Thailand
- Buses in Thailand are generally comfortable and air-conditioned, with reclining seats and TV screens showing movies or music videos.
- Some long-distance buses may not have TV screens, but they usually have toilets on board.
- When taking a bus, it's essential to arrive at the terminal at least 30 minutes before your scheduled departure time to avoid missing your bus.
- You can buy tickets at the bus terminal or online through various websites. It's best to book your ticket in advance, especially during peak season or for popular routes.
Section 3: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios
- Let's say you want to travel from Bangkok to Chiang Mai. You would need to go to the Northern Bus Terminal, where you can buy your ticket and wait for your bus.
- Once on the bus, you can relax in your seat and enjoy the scenery as you travel through Thailand. You may even see some interesting sights along the way, such as temples or rice paddies.
- When you arrive in Chiang Mai, you can take a songthaew (a type of taxi) or tuk-tuk to your hotel or hostel.
Conclusion:
Traveling by bus in Thailand is a convenient and affordable way to explore the country. By knowing the different bus terminals in Bangkok and what to expect when taking a bus, you can plan your trip with ease. Remember to buy your ticket in advance and arrive at the terminal early to avoid missing your bus. With these tips in mind, you're ready to embark on an exciting adventure in Thailand!