text:
[Adenosine inhibits spontaneous and glutamate induced discharges of hippocampal CA1 neurons].
Effects of adenosine (Ado) on spontaneous and glutamate induced discharges of neurons in CA1 area of hippocampal slices were examined using extracelluar recording technique. The results are as follows. (1) In response to the application of Ado (0.01 0.1 micromol/L, n=20) into the superfusate, spontaneous discharge rates (SDR) of 20 neurons decreased significantly in a dose dependent manner. (2) Both Ado non selective receptor antagonist 8 phenyltheophylline (8-PT, 0.5 mmol/L) and Ado selective A1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX, 50 nmol/L), completely blocked the inhibitory effects of Ado in 22 CA1 units. (3) In 10 units, ATP sensitive K(+) channel blocker glibenclamide (Gli, 15 mmol/L) also abolished the effect of Ado. (4) Application of glutamate (Glu, 0.2 mmol/L) into the superfusate for 2 min led to a marked increase in the discharge rate of 15 neurons in an epileptiform pattern; the epileptiform discharges induced by glutamate (Glu, 0.2 mmol/L) in 15 neurons were suppressed significantly by application of Ado (10 micromol/L) into the superfusate. (5) 8-PT (2 mmol/L), DPCPX (200 nmol/L) and Gli (7 mmol/L) were all capable of abolishing the inhibiting effect of Ado on the action of glutamate. Taken together, it is suggested that Ado can bind with adenosine A1-receptors on CA1 neurons, resulting in an activation of K(ATP) channels and inhibition of neuronal activity. The inhibitory effect of Ado on glutamate induced epileptiform activities in rat hippocampal neurons is also mediated by adenosine A1-receptor with involvement of ATP-sensitive potassium channels.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Neuroscience - Neurotransmitters and their Effects on Neuronal Activity

Overview:
In this lesson, we will learn about neurotransmitters and their effects on neuronal activity. We will focus on the example of adenosine, a neurotransmitter that plays a role in regulating sleep, wakefulness, and cognitive functions. We will explore how adenosine affects the firing of neurons in the hippocampus, a region of the brain involved in learning and memory.

Section 1: What are Neurotransmitters?
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons. They are released from one neuron and bind to receptors on another neuron, allowing for communication between cells. There are many different types of neurotransmitters, each with its own unique effects on neuronal activity.

Section 2: How does Adenosine affect Neuronal Activity?
Adenosine is a neurotransmitter that has been shown to inhibit the firing of neurons in the hippocampus. When adenosine is applied to the superfusate (the fluid surrounding the neurons), it can decrease the spontaneous discharge rate of neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. This inhibitory effect is mediated by two types of adenosine receptors: A1 and A2A. Blocking these receptors with specific antagonists can prevent the inhibitory effects of adenosine on neuronal activity.

Section 3: Why is this important?
Understanding how neurotransmitters like adenosine affect neuronal activity is important for several reasons. First, it can help us understand how the brain regulates various functions, such as sleep, wakefulness, and cognition. Second, it can provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurological disorders that involve imbalances in neurotransmitter levels or function. Finally, this knowledge can be used to develop treatments for these disorders, such as drugs that target adenosine receptors to modulate neuronal activity.

Section 4: Practical Examples
We can use mathematical abstractions to model the effects of adenosine on neuronal activity. For example, we can create a simple model where the firing rate of a neuron is represented by a variable x. When adenosine is applied to the superfusate, the value of x decreases, representing the inhibitory effect of adenosine on the neuron's firing rate.

Real-world scenarios: Understanding the effects of adenosine on neuronal activity can have practical applications in the field of medicine. For example, drugs that target adenosine receptors are used to treat conditions such as narcolepsy, which is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden episodes of muscle weakness. By modulating adenosine receptor activity, these drugs can help regulate sleep-wake cycles and improve alertness.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have learned about neurotransmitters and their effects on neuronal activity, with a focus on adenosine. We have explored how adenosine inhibits the firing of neurons in the hippocampus and the mechanisms underlying this effect. We have also discussed the importance of understanding these processes and provided practical examples and real-world scenarios to illustrate the relevance of this knowledge. By applying these concepts, we can gain a deeper understanding of the brain and develop treatments for neurological disorders.

Glossary:
- Neurotransmitter: a chemical messenger that transmits signals between neurons
- Superfusate: the fluid surrounding neurons
- CA1: the hippocampal region where adenosine affects neuronal activity
- Adenosine receptors: the specific proteins on neurons that adenosine binds to
- Antagonist: a molecule that blocks the effects of another molecule
- Sleep-wake cycles: the processes that regulate when we sleep and when we are awake


text: Philippe Karl is undisputedly a grand master in the discipline of Dressage and also one of the greatest all-round horsemen of our times having his roots firmly in Classical Riding and the philosophies of the old masters. In 1985, Philippe Karl became an elite Ecuyer of the prestigious French Ecole Nationale d’Equitation, Le Cadre Noir de Saumur and in 2004; Philippe Karl founded ‘The School of Lightness’. You can read more about Philippe Karl and his approach to horsemanship at his website.. Melanie Kleeman will be our clinician this time around. Melanie is a Level 3 Licensed Teacher and comes highly recommended. She has studied under Philippe Karl since 2004.!. Saturday, December 1st – Monday, December 3rd and Wednesday, December 5th – Friday, December 7th.. For further information including spectator registration forms, please contact Bryn and Phil Maddox on 09 412 2326 or email bryn@horsesportnewzeland.co.nz. Want to receive content like this in your inbox? Subscribe to our newsletter now

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: The Discipline of Dressage

Introduction:
Dressage is a form of horse riding that emphasizes on the harmony between the horse and the rider. It is a sport that requires precision, balance, and coordination between the horse and the rider. In this lesson, we will learn about the discipline of dressage, its history, and the techniques used by riders to perform well in this sport.

Section 1: History of Dressage
Dressage has its roots in the military, where it was used to train horses for battle. The sport evolved over time and became a competition between riders and their horses. Today, dressage is a popular equestrian sport that is practiced worldwide.

Section 2: Techniques in Dressage
The techniques used in dressage are based on classical riding principles. These principles focus on the harmony between the horse and the rider. Some of the techniques used in dressage include:

1. Seat: The rider's seat should be relaxed but secure. The rider should be able to move with the horse's motion without losing balance.

2. Leg: The rider should use their legs to communicate with the horse. They should squeeze their legs gently to ask the horse to go forward and push their legs against the horse's sides to ask the horse to move sideways.

3. Hand: The rider should use their hands to guide the horse. They should hold the reins lightly and use their fingers to make subtle adjustments to the horse's head position.

4. Aids: The rider uses their seat, legs, and hands to communicate with the horse. These aids are used to ask the horse to perform specific movements such as walk, trot, canter, and halt.

Section 3: The Test
In dressage competitions, riders perform a series of tests that are designed to showcase their skills and their horse's training. The tests are judged on several criteria, including:

1. Gaits: The horse should perform the gaits correctly and smoothly.

2. Transitions: The horse should be able to move smoothly from one gait to another.

3. Submission: The horse should be attentive and responsive to the rider's aids.

4. Rider: The rider should be balanced, relaxed, and in control.

Conclusion:
Dressage is a challenging and rewarding sport that requires precision, balance, and coordination between the horse and the rider. By understanding the history and techniques of dressage, riders can improve their skills and perform well in competitions.


text: Nelsons Ridge is a 1500 lot subdivision developed by Lend Lease, set within 40 hectares of parks, reserves and recreation spaces. The design for the open space network includes a kilometre long creekline through the centre of the subdivision. The existing creekline was reshaped and revegetated & forms an integral part of the drainage system & with stormwater retention basin provides habitat for native fauna and a recreational resource for residents. Planting of predominantly indigenous species, connect to form a continuous corridor of habitat and provide over one kilometre of green space.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Urban Planning and Design

**Overview:** In this lesson, we will learn about urban planning and design, including the importance of green spaces in subdivisions. We will explore the design of Nelsons Ridge, a subdivision developed by Lend Lease, and examine how the creekline was reshaped and revegetated to create a habitat for native fauna and a recreational resource for residents.

**Section 1: Theoretical Concepts**

- **Urban Planning**: The process of designing and regulating land use and the physical development of urban areas.
- **Urban Design**: The process of shaping the physical features of an urban environment to enhance its aesthetic appeal and functionality.
- **Green Spaces**: Open spaces that include parks, gardens, and other natural or semi-natural areas within urban environments.

**Section 2: Practical Examples**

- **Nelsons Ridge**: A subdivision developed by Lend Lease, set within 40 hectares of parks, reserves, and recreation spaces.
- **Creekline**: A natural or artificial watercourse within an urban environment.
- **Revegetation**: The process of planting vegetation on a degraded or barren site to recreate a natural environment.
- **Stormwater Retention Basin**: A man-made pond designed to hold and slowly release stormwater runoff.

**Section 3: Real-World Scenarios**

- **Native Fauna**: Animals that are naturally found in a particular region or ecosystem.
- **Recreational Resource**: An area or facility that provides opportunities for leisure activities and enjoyment.
- **Indigenous Species**: Plants or animals that are native to a particular region or ecosystem.

**Glossary**

- **Urban Planning**: The process of designing and regulating land use and the physical development of urban areas.
- **Urban Design**: The process of shaping the physical features of an urban environment to enhance its aesthetic appeal and functionality.
- **Green Spaces**: Open spaces that include parks, gardens, and other natural or semi-natural areas within urban environments.
- **Nelsons Ridge**: A subdivision developed by Lend Lease, set within 40 hectares of parks, reserves, and recreation spaces.
- **Creekline**: A natural or artificial watercourse within an urban environment.
- **Revegetation**: The process of planting vegetation on a degraded or barren site to recreate a natural environment.
- **Stormwater Retention Basin**: A man-made pond designed to hold and slowly release stormwater runoff.
- **Native Fauna**: Animals that are naturally found in a particular region or ecosystem.
- **Recreational Resource**: An area or facility that provides opportunities for leisure activities and enjoyment.
- **Indigenous Species**: Plants or animals that are native to a particular region or ecosystem.

**Conclusion**

In this lesson, we learned about urban planning and design, and specifically about the importance of green spaces in subdivisions. We explored the design of Nelsons Ridge, a subdivision developed by Lend Lease, and examined how the creekline was reshaped and revegetated to create a habitat for native fauna and a recreational resource for residents. By understanding the principles of urban planning and design, we can apply these skills to other areas of our lives and work towards creating more sustainable and livable communities.


text: Liver Transplant Expert Witness Listings. Welcome to our Liver Transplant experts directory. Browse the profiles below to find the right expert witness in Liver.... Click for Full Listing and Contact Info. David M Rosenstein, MD, PhDRichardson, Texas. Hospitalist, Internal Medicine - Cardiology, Vascular surgery, Liver transplant. Post doctoral fellowship in Otolaryngology Doctoral disseration in Cell Biology with focus on NeuroAnatomy Currently working as a Cardiovascular Hospitalist Have skills in General Internal Medicine, Prior board certification in Pediatrics, and have experience with management with acute stroke teams, pre and post Liver Transplant services, LVAD and pre-transplant Cardiology and Vascular Surgery. Click for Full Listing and Contact Info

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Liver Transplantation

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
A liver transplant is a surgical procedure that involves removing a diseased or damaged liver and replacing it with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is typically performed on patients who have end-stage liver disease or severe liver damage that cannot be treated with medication or other therapies.

The liver is an essential organ that performs several vital functions in the body, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and the production of bile, which helps in digestion. When the liver fails or becomes damaged, these functions can be severely compromised, leading to serious health complications.

### Section 2: Practical Examples
One common reason for liver transplantation is cirrhosis, which is the scarring of the liver tissue caused by long-term liver damage. Other conditions that may require a liver transplant include hepatitis B or C, alcoholic liver disease, and autoimmune liver diseases.

In some cases, a patient may receive a liver from a living donor, usually a family member or friend who has volunteered to donate a portion of their liver. In other cases, the liver may come from a deceased donor who has agreed to donate their organs after death.

### Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
After a liver transplant, patients must take anti-rejection medications to prevent their immune system from attacking the new liver. They will also need to make significant lifestyle changes, such as avoiding alcohol and certain medications, and adopting a healthy diet and exercise regimen.

Patients who undergo liver transplantation face many challenges, including a high risk of infection and complications related to the surgery. However, with proper care and follow-up, many patients are able to live healthy, normal lives after their transplant.

### Glossary
- Cirrhosis: Scarring of the liver tissue caused by long-term liver damage
- Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver caused by viruses, toxins, or other factors
- Alcoholic liver disease: Liver damage caused by excessive alcohol consumption
- Autoimmune liver diseases: Conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the liver
- Anti-rejection medications: Drugs that help prevent the body's immune system from attacking the new liver

### Conclusion
Liver transplantation is a complex medical procedure that requires careful planning and execution. Patients who undergo this procedure face many challenges, but with proper care and follow-up, they can lead healthy, normal lives. By understanding the theoretical concepts, practical examples, and real-world scenarios related to liver transplantation, students can develop a deep understanding of this important medical procedure.


text: Wind Turbine. Wind is created from solar power, as the sun heats the air it rises above the cooler air creating an air current. A wind turbine consists of large propeller like blades which are rotated by the action of the wind. As the blades turn they spin and internal shaft connect to a generator thus transferring mechanical energy to electrical energy. As the primary source of energy is from the wind which is a clean renewable source of energy wind turbines do produce any pollution in the form of greenhouse gases. The animation below shows the workings of a wind turbine.

textbook:
Lesson: How Wind Turbines Work

**Introduction**

In this lesson, we will learn about how wind turbines work. Wind turbines are machines that convert the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy. This is an important source of renewable energy that can help us reduce our reliance on fossil fuels.

**Section 1: What is Wind?**

Wind is created from solar power. This means that the sun heats the air, causing it to rise above cooler air. This creates an air current, which is what we call wind.

**Section 2: How does a Wind Turbine Work?**

A wind turbine consists of large propeller-like blades that are rotated by the action of the wind. These blades are designed to capture as much wind energy as possible. When the wind blows, it causes the blades to rotate. This rotation is transferred to an internal shaft, which connects to a generator. As the blades turn, they spin the generator, which converts the mechanical energy of the wind into electrical energy.

**Section 3: Why use Wind Turbines?**

Wind turbines are a clean and renewable source of energy. This means that they do not produce any pollution in the form of greenhouse gases. This makes them a much more environmentally friendly option than burning fossil fuels. Additionally, wind energy is abundant and free, making it a cost-effective source of energy.

**Section 4: Practical Examples**

Let's consider a real-world scenario. Imagine you are building a wind farm in a rural area. You would need to determine the best location for the turbines to maximize their efficiency. You would also need to consider the impact on the local wildlife and community.

**Section 5: Self-Debate Discussion**

Should we invest in wind energy or focus on other forms of renewable energy?

**Glossary**

- Wind: Air that is moving due to differences in air pressure and temperature.
- Turbine: A machine that converts one form of energy into another.
- Generator: A device that produces electricity.
- Renewable: Capable of being replenished or replaced naturally.

**Conclusion**

In this lesson, we learned about how wind turbines work and why they are an important source of renewable energy. We also considered practical examples and engaged in a self-debate discussion. By understanding the principles behind wind turbines, we can apply this knowledge to new problems and continue to explore ways to harness the power of wind energy.


text: Exhibition on the occasion of the 51st session of the UN Commission for Social Development - “Migration to Europe: Can it Work for Development?”. 26.02.2013 / 20:15. The Permanent Missions of the Czech Republic, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro and Poland organized an exhibition “Migration to Europe: Can it Work for Development?”, which was on display at Bohemian National Hall February 6–14.. An exhibition of posters designed by students of Art Academies from different European countries, addressing in an imaginative, witty way challenging questions of migration, emigration and immigration, attracted attention of many members of delegations as well as general public.. The featured works are result of an international competition organized by the Czech Council on Foreign Relations. More than 200 students from 13 European countries, including Czech Republic, Slovakia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland or France, participated in the competition..

textbook:
Lesson: Migration and Development

Introduction:
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. It can be caused by various reasons such as economic, social, political, or environmental factors. In this lesson, we will learn about the impact of migration on development and how it can contribute to the growth and progress of societies.

Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

**Question:** What is migration?
**Answer:** Migration is the movement of people from one place to another.

**Question:** Why do people migrate?
**Answer:** People migrate for various reasons such as economic opportunities, family reunification, political stability, or environmental factors.

**Question:** How does migration affect development?
**Answer:** Migration can have both positive and negative effects on development. On one hand, it can contribute to economic growth, increase cultural diversity, and promote social integration. On the other hand, it can lead to social tensions, strain public services, and create inequality.

Section 2: Practical Examples

**Example 1:** The European Union has been experiencing a significant increase in migration from Africa and the Middle East. This has led to debates on how to manage migration flows and integrate migrants into society. Some countries have implemented policies to welcome migrants, while others have built fences to prevent them from entering.

**Example 2:** In the United States, migration has been a significant part of its history. Many people migrated to America in search of freedom, economic opportunities, and to escape persecution. Today, immigrants make up a large portion of the US population, and their contributions have significantly shaped the country's culture, economy, and society.

Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

**Question:** Should governments prioritize economic growth or social integration when it comes to migration policy?
**Answer:** Both economic growth and social integration are important aspects of migration policy. Governments should aim to strike a balance between promoting economic development and ensuring that migrants are integrated into society.

**Question:** Is migration a threat to national security?
**Answer:** Migration can be a threat to national security if not managed properly. However, with proper planning and implementation of policies, migration can contribute positively to national security.

Glossary:
- Migration: The movement of people from one place to another
- Development: The process of growth and progress of a society
- Integration: The process of bringing people together into a unified whole

Conclusion:
Migration is a complex issue that has both positive and negative impacts on development. By understanding the theoretical concepts, analyzing practical examples, and engaging in self-debating discussions, we can develop a better understanding of the role of migration in society and how it can contribute to growth and progress.


text: Welcome Shoppers! you can Login or Sign Up. (0 Votes). Product Description:. The leading fuel-saving engine oil in the market. Provides improved high temperature and deposit protection for pistons. Provides more stringent sludge control and seal compatibility. Semi-Synthetic gasoline engine oil. Wide temperature range of 10W-40. -High fluidity at low temperature and excellent cold start. -Great durability at high temperature. Prolongs engines life by reducing wear. Effective 1st April 2015, all goods and services may be subjected to GST 6% upon checkout.. subscribe and get special promotion updates. MCIL Multimedia Sdn.Bhd.(515740-D)

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Online Shopping

## Section 1: What is Online Shopping?
Online shopping is the process of purchasing goods and services via the internet. It has become a popular way to shop because it offers convenience, variety, and often lower prices than traditional brick-and-mortar stores.

## Section 2: How does Online Shopping Work?
To start online shopping, you need to create an account on a shopping website or app. Once you have an account, you can browse through the available products, add them to your cart, and proceed to checkout. During the checkout process, you will be prompted to provide your shipping address, contact information, and payment method. After placing your order, you will receive a confirmation email with details about your purchase.

## Section 3: Benefits of Online Shopping
There are several benefits to online shopping, including:

1. Convenience: You can shop from anywhere, at any time.
2. Variety: Online shopping provides access to a wide range of products from different sellers.
3. Lower Prices: Online stores often offer better deals and discounts than physical stores.
4. Easy Comparison: You can easily compare prices and features of different products before making a decision.
5. No Waiting in Line: You don't have to wait in line or deal with crowds during busy seasons.

## Section 4: Risks of Online Shopping
While online shopping has many benefits, there are also some risks to consider, such as:

1. Fraud: Be careful when providing personal information online, as scammers may use it to steal your identity or money.
2. Shipping Problems: Sometimes, the product you ordered may not arrive on time or may get damaged during transit.
3. Returning Products: Returning products can be difficult, especially if the seller doesn't have a physical store or if the return policy is unclear.

## Section 5: Tips for Safe Online Shopping
To minimize the risks associated with online shopping, follow these tips:

1. Use a secure connection: Make sure the website or app uses HTTPS and has a lock icon in the address bar to ensure that your information is encrypted and secure.
2. Look for customer reviews: Check what other customers are saying about the product or seller before making a purchase.
3. Use a credit card: Credit cards offer better protection against fraud than debit cards or PayPal accounts.
4. Keep records of your purchases: Save copies of your orders, invoices, and payment methods for future reference.
5. Monitor your bank statements: Keep an eye on your account to ensure that there are no unauthorized charges.

## Section 6: Glossary
- Online Shopping: Purchasing goods and services via the internet
- Shopping Website/App: A platform that allows users to buy products or services online
- Account: A user profile on a shopping website or app
- Cart: A virtual shopping basket where you can add items for purchase
- Checkout: The process of completing a purchase
- Shipping Address: The location where the product will be delivered
- Contact Information: Your name, email, or phone number
- Payment Method: The way you will pay for your purchase (e.g., credit card, PayPal)
- Confirmation Email: A message that confirms your order and provides details about the purchase
- Variety: A range of different options or choices
- Deals: Discounts or special offers
- Comparison: The process of examining different options to find the best one
- Identity: The information that identifies you as a person (e.g., name, social security number)
- Fraud: Dishonest or criminal behavior to gain an advantage or profit
- Scammers: People who try to trick others into giving them money or personal information
- Transit: The movement of goods or people from one place to another
- Return Policy: The rules that determine if and how you can return a product
- Encrypted: Converted into a code to protect it from being read by others
- Secure Connection: A connection that is protected by encryption and authentication
- HTTPS: A protocol that indicates a secure connection
- Lock Icon: A symbol that indicates a secure connection
- Credit Card: A type of payment card that allows you to borrow money up to a certain limit
- Debit Card: A type of payment card that deducts money directly from your bank account
- PayPal: An online payment system that allows users to transfer money electronically
- Records: A written or electronic document that keeps track of transactions or events

## Conclusion
Online shopping is a convenient and popular way to purchase goods and services. By following the tips in this lesson, you can shop safely and securely online. Remember to always be aware of potential risks and take steps to protect yourself and your information.


text: Tata Sky Channel Number List PDF Free Download. Tata Sky Channel Number List. Tata Sky channels have a huge number of programs on offer, and with this exhaustive list, you will find it easy to get to your favorite channels. We have made a thorough list of Tata Sky channel numbers for you to tune into your favorites instantly.. Here is the complete Tata Sky DTH HD and Non-HD Channels List which can be download in PDF format using the link given below.. Tata Sky Channel Number List PDF Free Download

textbook:
**Lesson:** Introduction to Tata Sky Channel Numbers

**Objective:** In this lesson, we will learn about the Tata Sky channel numbers and how to use them to access your favorite channels.

**Section 1: Theoretical Concepts**

- What are channel numbers?
- Why do we need channel numbers?
- How are channel numbers assigned?

**Section 2: Practical Examples**

- How to find the channel number of your favorite channel?
- How to change the channel number of a program?
- How to add or remove channels from your Tata Sky account?

**Section 3: Real-World Scenarios**

- How to use the Tata Sky remote to navigate through the channel list?
- How to set up parental controls on Tata Sky?
- How to record a program on Tata Sky?

**Glossary:**

- Channel: A television station that broadcasts a specific program.
- Channel Number: A unique identification number assigned to each channel by the TV service provider.
- Remote: A handheld device used to control the TV and its functions.
- Parental Controls: Features that allow parents to restrict access to certain channels or programs.

**Conclusion:**

In this lesson, we learned about the importance of channel numbers, how they are assigned, and how to use them to access our favorite channels on Tata Sky. We also learned how to navigate through the channel list, set up parental controls, and record programs. By understanding these concepts, we can make the most out of our Tata Sky experience.


text: Download:. Dr Mason completed his MSc and PhD degrees at the University of Surrey. in 1973 in the areas of control and digital signal processing, before. joining the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at the. University of Wales Swansea.. In 1983, after spending a year as a Senior Research Engineer at the Hewlett. Packard Laboratories in South Queensferry, Scotland, he formed the Speech. Research Group at Swansea, In 1994 Dr Mason spent spent some time as a. Visiting Fellow at the ANU Canberra, Australia, working on an industrially. sponsored multi-modal biometrics project. He has participated in various. European projects of particular relevance being the Framework. 6 Network of Excellence known as Biosecure.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Control Theory

### Section 1: What is Control Theory?
Control theory is a branch of engineering that deals with the design and analysis of systems that can be controlled to behave in a desired manner. It involves the use of feedback to compare the actual state of a system with its desired state and make necessary adjustments to bring the system back to its desired state.

### Section 2: Why is Control Theory Important?
Control theory is important because it is used in many fields such as electrical and mechanical engineering, aerospace, robotics, and biomedical engineering. It is used to design and analyze systems such as automobiles, airplanes, robots, and even human bodies. Control theory helps us to understand how these systems work and how they can be made to behave in a desired manner.

### Section 3: How does Control Theory Work?
Control theory works by using feedback to compare the actual state of a system with its desired state. This involves measuring the output of the system and comparing it with the desired output. If there is a difference between the two, adjustments are made to the inputs of the system to bring the output closer to the desired output. This process is repeated until the desired output is achieved.

### Section 4: Practical Examples
One practical example of control theory is the cruise control system in a car. The system measures the speed of the car and compares it with the desired speed set by the driver. If the car is going faster or slower than the desired speed, the system makes adjustments to the throttle to bring the car back to the desired speed.

Another practical example is the control system of a robotic arm. The arm is equipped with sensors that measure its position and movement. The control system compares this information with the desired position and movement and makes adjustments to the motors controlling the arm to bring it to the desired position.

### Section 5: Conclusion
Control theory is a fundamental concept in engineering that is used in many fields such as electrical and mechanical engineering, aerospace, robotics, and biomedical engineering. It involves the design and analysis of systems that can be controlled to behave in a desired manner. By using feedback to compare the actual state of a system with its desired state, control theory helps us to understand how these systems work and how they can be made to behave in a desired manner.


text: The MC5 system features a new, aggressive thread design which translates into longer tool wear for the most popular soil sampler in the direct-push industry.Features:. - Sample retrieved in clear PVC liner. - Causes less disturbance to the natural formation. - Sample Size: 1.5” diameter up to 5’ length liner. - Continuous sampling and Discreet sampling. - Pneumatic Slug Test Kit. - Open Tube sampling and Closed-Piston sampling. - Excellent performance in harsh conditions. - Discreet sampling allows faster sampling from different depths. - No soil cuttings to dispose of (save $$$). - Soil sampling depths have been achieved to 100’ in Canada. - Successful in retrieving sample in flowing sand conditions

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Geotechnical Sampling

## Section 1: Theory
In geotechnical engineering, sampling is the process of obtaining small quantities of soil or rock from a larger mass. This is done to test its physical and mechanical properties, such as strength, density, and permeability. In this lesson, we will learn about different types of geotechnical sampling methods and their applications.

### Topic 1: Direct-Push Sampling
Direct-push sampling is a method of obtaining soil and groundwater samples by pushing a hollow-stem auger into the ground. It is also known as push-coring or push-core sampling. This method is used to obtain continuous or discreet samples from the subsurface.

### Topic 2: Split-Spoon Sampling
Split-spoon sampling is a method of obtaining soil samples by scooping out a portion of the soil and placing it in a container. This method is used to obtain discreet samples from the subsurface.

### Topic 3: Percussive Sampling
Percussive sampling is a method of obtaining soil samples by driving a hollow-stem auger into the ground using a hammer. This method is used to obtain discreet samples from the subsurface.

## Section 2: Practice
Now that we know the different types of geotechnical sampling methods, let's try some practice problems.

Problem 1: You are conducting a geotechnical investigation for a proposed building site. You need to obtain soil samples from the subsurface to determine the soil strength and density. Which sampling method would you use?

Answer: For this problem, we would use direct-push sampling. This method is suitable for obtaining continuous or discreet samples from the subsurface.

Problem 2: You need to obtain a soil sample from a depth of 50 feet below ground level. Which sampling method would you use?

Answer: For this problem, we would use split-spoon sampling. This method is suitable for obtaining discreet samples from the subsurface.

Problem 3: You are conducting a geotechnical investigation for a proposed roadway. You need to obtain soil samples from the subsurface to determine the soil permeability. Which sampling method would you use?

Answer: For this problem, we would use percussive sampling. This method is suitable for obtaining discreet samples from the subsurface.

## Section 3: Applications
Geotechnical sampling has many applications in the field of geotechnical engineering. Some of these applications include:

- Site investigations for construction projects
- Environmental assessments
- Geological exploration
- Hydrogeological investigations
- Geoarchaeology

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the different types of geotechnical sampling methods and their applications. We practiced solving problems related to these methods and discussed their applications in the field of geotechnical engineering. By understanding these concepts, we can apply them to new problems and make informed decisions about geotechnical investigations.


text: 抄録. Bovine pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells were seeded onto collagen gels with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to make a micro-vessel hours. Promotion of micro-vessel network formation was detectable after approximately 10 hours in the flow chamber. After 48 hours, the length of networks exposed to shear stress was 6.17 (± 0.59) times longer than at the initial state, whereas the length of networks not exposed to shear stress was only 3.30 (± 0-vessel network formation in the gel and expands the network due to repeated bifurcation and elongation.. ASJC Scopus subject areas. - 生化学、遺伝学、分子生物学（全般）

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Micro-Vascular Networks

## Lesson Overview

In this lesson, we will learn about micro-vascular networks and their importance in biology. We will explore the process of micro-vessel network formation and the factors that influence it. We will also discuss the role of shear stress in promoting micro-vessel network formation and expansion.

## Learning Objectives

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

1. Define micro-vascular networks and explain their importance in biology.
2. Describe the process of micro-vessel network formation and the factors that influence it.
3. Explain the role of shear stress in promoting micro-vessel network formation and expansion.
4. Apply critical thinking skills to analyze and evaluate information related to micro-vascular networks.

## Lesson Content

### Section 1: Introduction to Micro-Vascular Networks

Micro-vascular networks are small blood vessel networks that are found throughout the body. They play a crucial role in supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and organs. These networks are essential for maintaining the health of the body and preventing diseases such as cancer and heart disease.

### Section 2: Process of Micro-Vessel Network Formation

The process of micro-vessel network formation begins with the formation of a single capillary. This capillary then branches into smaller vessels called arterioles, which eventually form a network of blood vessels. The formation of these networks is influenced by several factors, including the presence of certain growth factors and the mechanical forces acting on the cells.

### Section 3: Role of Shear Stress in Micro-Vessel Network Formation and Expansion

Shear stress is a mechanical force that acts on the cells lining the blood vessels. It has been shown to promote micro-vessel network formation and expansion. When blood flows through the vessels, it exerts a force on the cells, which in turn stimulates the production of certain growth factors that promote the formation of new blood vessels.

### Section 4: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios

One example of the importance of micro-vascular networks is in the field of cancer research. Cancer cells often form new blood vessels to supply themselves with nutrients and oxygen, a process known as angiogenesis. By understanding the process of micro-vessel network formation, scientists can develop treatments that target the formation of new blood vessels and starve cancer cells of the nutrients they need to grow.

### Glossary

- Micro-vascular networks: Small blood vessel networks found throughout the body
- Angiogenesis: The process of forming new blood vessels
- Shear stress: A mechanical force that acts on cells lining the blood vessels
- Growth factors: Substances that promote cell growth and development

### Conclusion

In conclusion, micro-vascular networks are essential for the health and functioning of our bodies. Understanding the process of micro-vessel network formation and the role of shear stress in promoting this process can help us develop new treatments for diseases such as cancer. By applying critical thinking skills to analyze and evaluate information related to micro-vascular networks, we can deepen our understanding of this important biological phenomenon.


text: Sedgemoor District Council are responsible for the vast majority of all planning decisions within the Civil Parish of East Brent.. The District Council is required to advise The Parish Council of all planning applications within the parish.. Somerset County Council equally can consult on any planning application as they wish, but the District Council will have the final say on most types of planning application. The County Council will determine certain types of strategic planning, such as major transport links, minerals and waste. The County Council also deals with planning matters that relate to their own developments, such as schools, libraries and social care developments.. The Parish Council discuss all planning applications within the civil parish and make a recommendation to The District Council (or County Council if applicable).. NOTE: The recommendations of The Parish Council are non binding upon the District or County Councils.

textbook:
Lesson: How Local Governments Work Together in Planning Decisions

Introduction:
Planning decisions are an important part of community development. In this lesson, we will learn about how local governments work together to make planning decisions. We will focus on the roles of different local government bodies and how they interact to ensure that planning decisions are made in the best interest of the community.

Section 1: Roles of Local Government Bodies in Planning Decisions

The first step in understanding how local governments work together in planning decisions is to understand the roles of different local government bodies. There are typically three main levels of local government: the county or regional government, the district or municipal government, and the parish or town council.

County or Regional Government: The county or regional government is responsible for making strategic planning decisions that affect the entire region. This includes things like transportation networks, land use policies, and economic development plans.

District or Municipal Government: The district or municipal government is responsible for implementing the county or regional government's planning decisions. This includes reviewing and approving individual planning applications, enforcing zoning laws, and managing community development projects.

Parish or Town Council: The parish or town council is the most local level of government and is responsible for representing the interests of the community. They work with the district or municipal government to ensure that planning decisions align with the needs and desires of the community.

Section 2: Collaboration Between Local Government Bodies

Now that we understand the roles of different local government bodies, let's look at how they collaborate to make planning decisions.

Collaboration begins with the district or municipal government, who reviews and approves individual planning applications. They must consider the recommendations of the parish or town council, as well as the county or regional government's planning policies.

The county or regional government may also weigh in on certain types of planning applications, such as those related to transportation or land use. They will work with the district or municipal government to ensure that planning decisions align with the overall regional plan.

Finally, the parish or town council plays a crucial role in representing the interests of the community. They will provide feedback on planning applications and work with the district or municipal government to ensure that the community's needs are considered.

Section 3: Practical Examples

Let's look at a practical example to see how these collaboration efforts play out in real life. Imagine that a developer wants to build a new housing development in a town.

The district or municipal government will review the planning application and consider the recommendations of the parish or town council, as well as the county or regional government's planning policies. They will evaluate things like traffic impact, environmental concerns, and how the development fits into the overall community plan.

If the county or regional government has a plan for transportation improvements in the area, they may weigh in on the decision as well. Ultimately, the district or municipal government will make the final decision on the planning application.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, local governments work together to ensure that planning decisions are made in the best interest of the community. By understanding the roles of different local government bodies and how they collaborate, we can better understand the complex process of planning decisions. Through this lesson, we have learned about the importance of collaboration between local government bodies and how it impacts our communities.

Glossary:
- Local Government: A government body that is responsible for providing services and representation to a specific geographic area.
- Planning Decisions: Decisions made by local government bodies regarding land use, zoning, and community development.
- Strategic Planning: A long-term planning process that involves setting goals and objectives for a community or region.
- Zoning Laws: Regulations that dictate how land can be used in a particular area.


text: Having problems with your 2007 Toyota Land Cruiser ?. Toyota land cruiser 2007 engine failure. \015 Engine simply shut-down in the middle of the highway drive, later on I was told by the mechanic, which is a top certified toyota mechanic that the engine was damaged so badly that it has to be replaced! \012\012I drive 2007 Land cruiser with only 120,000 kilometer, service the care regularly ++ every 7000 km in average and keep the car in a top-notch condition always. \012\012I have a feeling that such massive engine fault has to do with basic design of the engine that lead to oil and heat problems that would not show on the car regular indicators until its to-late .\012\012any ideas?\015. Answers :. Repair Help & Product Troubleshooting for 2007 Toyota Land Cruiser. Tips for a great answer:- Provide details, support with references or personal experience .. - If you need clarification, ask it in the comment box .. - It's 100% free, no registration required.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Car Engine Failure and Maintenance

Introduction:
Cars are a significant investment, and their proper maintenance is essential to ensure they run smoothly and safely. Engine failure can be devastating, especially if it occurs unexpectedly. This lesson will teach you about car engine failure, its causes, and preventive measures.

Section 1: Understanding Engine Failure

Topic 1: What is Engine Failure?
Engine failure refers to a situation where the car's engine stops working, and the vehicle loses power. This can happen due to various reasons, including mechanical failure, electrical failure, or fuel system failure.

Topic 2: Causes of Engine Failure
Engine failure can result from several factors, including:
1. Lack of maintenance: Regular maintenance is crucial in ensuring your car runs smoothly. Neglecting routine checks can lead to severe problems that may cause engine failure.
2. Faulty parts: Over time, parts of the engine may wear out or break down, leading to failure.
3. Poor fuel quality: Using low-quality fuel can damage the engine, causing it to fail.
4. Mechanical problems: Issues such as incorrect timing or incorrect ignition timing can lead to engine failure.

Topic 3: Preventing Engine Failure
Preventing engine failure is possible by following these tips:
1. Regular maintenance: Ensure you follow the manufacturer's recommendations for routine checks and maintenance.
2. Use high-quality fuel: Avoid using low-quality fuel, as it can damage the engine.
3. Watch out for warning signs: If your car starts to show signs of trouble, address them promptly to avoid further damage.

Section 2: Understanding Engine Maintenance

Topic 1: Why is Engine Maintenance Important?
Regular engine maintenance is crucial because it helps to identify and fix problems before they escalate into more significant issues. It also helps to improve fuel efficiency, reduce emissions, and prolong the life of your engine.

Topic 2: Types of Engine Maintenance
Engine maintenance involves several tasks, including:
1. Oil changes: Changing your engine oil regularly helps to remove dirt and debris, keeping the engine clean and running smoothly.
2. Air filter replacement: A clean air filter ensures that the right amount of air enters the engine, improving performance and fuel efficiency.
3. Belt replacement: Belts help to transfer power from the engine to other components. Worn-out belts can cause significant problems.
4. Spark plug replacement: Spark plugs are responsible for igniting the fuel-air mixture in the engine. Replacing them when necessary ensures optimal performance.

Section 3: Real-World Examples

Topic 1: The Importance of Timely Maintenance
John's car showed signs of trouble, but he ignored them. Eventually, his engine failed, costing him thousands of dollars in repairs.

Topic 2: The Dangers of Using Low-Quality Fuel
Sarah used low-quality fuel in her car, which led to engine failure. She had to spend a significant amount of money on repairs and lost valuable time without her car.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding engine failure and maintaining your car's engine is crucial to ensure it runs smoothly and safely. Regular maintenance, using high-quality fuel, and addressing warning signs promptly can help prevent engine failure and save you money in the long run. Remember to follow the manufacturer's recommendations for routine checks and maintenance.

Glossary:
- Engine: A component of a vehicle that converts fuel into motion.
- Maintenance: Regular checks and cleaning to keep a car running smoothly.
- Fuel system: The components responsible for delivering fuel to the engine.

Self-Debate:
1. How often should I change my car's oil?
2. Can I use synthetic oil instead of conventional oil?
3. What are the signs that my car needs engine maintenance?


text: Cleaning the product. In terms of regular cleaning we recommended dusting your Spazio Relax with a soft brush. Only make careful use of vacuum cleaners when spring cleaning.. To clean leather we recommend wiping the surface of armchairs with a damp cloth.. To clean leather we recommend wiping the surface of armchairs with a damp cloth.. Water-based stains. For water-based stains, such as tea, coffee or soft drinks, we suggest absorbing the liquid with a cloth without rubbing, and then drying with a hair drier to prevent the formation of dark circles.. Cleaning fatty substances. To remove fatty substances we suggest soaking a cloth in a little trichloroethylene and then using it to lightly dab the edges of the stain, without rubbing.. N.B.. Before using a cleaning product for the first time we recommended testing it on an out-of-sight area of the cover.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Clean Different Types of Furniture
Introduction:
Cleaning furniture is an essential part of maintaining a healthy and hygienic living space. In this lesson, we will learn how to clean different types of furniture, including leather and fabric. We will also learn about the best practices for cleaning various types of stains.
Section 1: Regular Cleaning
Regular cleaning involves dusting your furniture with a soft brush. This helps to remove any loose dirt or debris that may have accumulated on the surface. It is recommended to dust your furniture at least once a week to keep it looking its best.
Section 2: Cleaning Leather
Cleaning leather furniture can be tricky, but there are some steps you can take to keep it looking its best. First, wipe the surface of the armchair with a damp cloth. Avoid using too much water, as this can damage the leather. You can also use a leather cleaner to remove any stubborn stains.
Section 3: Cleaning Fabric
Cleaning fabric furniture is similar to cleaning leather furniture. However, you should avoid using water-based cleaners, as they can damage the fabric. Instead, use a dry cloth to wipe away any dirt or debris. If there are any stains, you can use a mild detergent to remove them.
Section 4: Cleaning Stains
There are different types of stains that you may encounter when cleaning furniture. Here are some tips for cleaning each type:
- Water-based stains: For water-based stains, such as tea, coffee, or soft drinks, absorb the liquid with a cloth without rubbing and then dry with a hair drier to prevent the formation of dark circles.
- Cleaning fatty substances: To remove fatty substances, soak a cloth in a little trichloroethylene and then use it to lightly dab the edges of the stain, without rubbing.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, cleaning your furniture is an essential part of maintaining a healthy and hygienic living space. By following the tips outlined in this lesson, you can keep your furniture looking its best. Remember to test any cleaning product on an out-of-sight area of the cover before using it on the entire piece.


text: It’s a frenzy on the factory floor!. Goblin bodgers tussle for parts to finish their crazy creations in this fast–moving board game. Getting that perfect part isn’t easy, though, as the conveyor belt is constantly moving valuable parts out of reach!. Game Overview.. At the end of the turn players take the part in front of their goblin and add it to their contraption. There are two different types of parts players can grab, plugs and cores. A complete contraption will consist of 4 plugs and one core that share matching connectors.. Watch out for rival goblins though, as you may find yourself tussling with your opponents for that coveted part!. The first player to build a complete contraption with his parts wins the game!.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Game Theory

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
In this lesson, we will learn about Game Theory, which is a branch of mathematics that deals with strategic decision making. We will explore how people interact and make choices in situations where the outcome depends on the decisions of others.

## Section 2: Questions and Answers
**Question:** What is Game Theory?
**Answer:** Game Theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with strategic decision making. It is used to analyze situations where individuals or groups make choices that affect the outcomes of others.

**Question:** Why is Game Theory important?
**Answer:** Game Theory is important because it helps us understand how people interact and make choices in situations where the outcome depends on the decisions of others. It is used in economics, politics, psychology, and many other fields.

**Question:** What are some examples of games?
**Answer:** Some examples of games include chess, poker, and soccer. Games are activities that involve skill, chance, and competition.

## Section 3: Definitions and Examples
**Definition:** Nash Equilibrium
**Explanation:** A Nash Equilibrium is a situation in which no player has an incentive to change their strategy, given the strategies of the other players. It is a stable state in which each player is playing their best response to the other players' strategies.

**Example:** In the game of chess, if both players are playing perfectly, neither player has an incentive to change their strategy. Each move is a response to the other player's move, and neither player can improve their position by changing their strategy. This is an example of a Nash Equilibrium.

**Definition:** Strategic Form
**Explanation:** A Strategic Form is a way of representing a game in which each player's strategy is represented by a row of numbers. The rows represent the possible moves of each player, and the columns represent the possible moves of the other players.

**Example:** In the game of rock-paper-scissors, the strategic form would look like this:

Player 1 | Player 2
-------------------
Rock    |  Scissors
Paper   |  Rock
Scissors |  Paper

## Section 4: Practical Examples
**Example:** In a game of poker, each player must decide whether to bet, fold, or call based on the cards they are dealt and the actions of the other players. If a player believes that they have a better hand than their opponents, they will bet. However, if they believe that their opponents have better hands, they will fold. This is an example of a game with multiple players and multiple strategies.

**Example:** In a game of soccer, each team must decide whether to pass, shoot, or dribble based on the positions of their teammates and the defenders. If a player believes that they have a better shot than their teammates, they will shoot. However, if they believe that their teammates have better shots, they will pass. This is an example of a game with multiple players and multiple strategies.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about Game Theory, which is a branch of mathematics that deals with strategic decision making. We explored how people interact and make choices in situations where the outcome depends on the decisions of others. We learned about Nash Equilibria, Strategic Forms, and practical examples of games. We can apply the skills gained from this lesson to new problems by analyzing situations and making strategic decisions based on the outcomes of others.


text: The ‘last mile’ of health care delivery.. HQ Location: United Kingdom.. As in many other impoverished regions, the majority of the population of sub-Saharan Africa lives in rural areas where the best roads are little more than dirt tracks. Without reliable transport, the millions invested in health materials and training will be wasted. Identifying this crucial gap, husband-and-wife team Barry and Andrea Coleman established Riders For Health in 1996. The organization manages over 1,400 motorcycles, ambulances and other four-wheel vehicles used in the delivery of health care in eight countries across Africa, including local training and preventive vehicle maintenance. Charging partners a fee to ensure the sustainability and scalability of the model, Riders For Health has already improved access to health care for over 12 million people.. To read more about the Top NGOs rankings click here.. You need to be logged in to add comments. Login

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Transportation in Health Care Delivery

Introduction:
Transportation is an essential aspect of health care delivery, especially in rural areas where medical facilities are scarce. In this lesson, we will learn about the role of transportation in health care delivery and how organizations like Riders for Health are addressing this issue in Africa.

Section 1: The Role of Transportation in Health Care Delivery

Topic 1: The Importance of Access to Health Care Facilities
- Access to health care facilities is crucial for the well-being of communities.
- In many rural areas, medical facilities are scarce, making it difficult for people to access health care services.
- Transportation plays a vital role in ensuring that people can reach health care facilities when they need them.

Topic 2: The Impact of Poor Transportation on Health Care Delivery
- Poor transportation infrastructure can hinder the delivery of health care services, leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates.
- Inadequate transportation can result in delays in accessing medical attention, which can be life-threatening for patients.
- Additionally, poor transportation can lead to the wastage of resources invested in health care materials and training.

Section 2: Riders for Health and the Solution to Transportation Issues in Africa

Topic 1: The Organization's Mission and Vision
- Riders for Health is a UK-based non-governmental organization that aims to improve access to health care in Africa.
- The organization manages over 1,400 motorcycles, ambulances, and other four-wheel vehicles to deliver health care services in eight African countries.
- Their mission is to provide efficient and reliable transportation for health care workers, ensuring that they can reach patients in need.

Topic 2: The Sustainability and Scalability of the Model
- Riders for Health charges its partners a fee to ensure the sustainability and scalability of the model.
- This approach allows the organization to cover the costs of maintaining and replacing vehicles while still providing affordable transportation for health care workers.
- The sustainable and scalable nature of the model means that it can be replicated in other regions facing similar transportation issues.

Section 3: The Impact of Riders for Health on Health Care Delivery in Africa

Topic 1: Improved Access to Health Care for Over 12 Million People
- Riders for Health has improved access to health care for over 12 million people in Africa.
- The organization's transportation services have helped to reduce maternal and child mortality rates, as well as the spread of infectious diseases.
- By improving access to health care, Riders for Health has had a significant impact on the health and well-being of communities in Africa.

Topic 2: Preventive Vehicle Maintenance and Local Training
- In addition to providing transportation, Riders for Health also offers preventive vehicle maintenance to ensure that vehicles remain in good condition.
- The organization also provides local training to ensure that health care workers can maintain and repair vehicles when necessary.
- These services help to ensure that the transportation services provided by Riders for Health are sustainable and effective in the long term.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, transportation is an essential aspect of health care delivery, particularly in rural areas where medical facilities are scarce. Organizations like Riders for Health are addressing this issue by providing reliable and sustainable transportation services to health care workers. By doing so, they have improved access to health care for over 12 million people in Africa. Through this lesson, we have learned about the importance of transportation in health care delivery and the impact of Riders for Health on health care delivery in Africa. We hope that this lesson has inspired you to consider ways in which you can contribute to improving access to health care in your community.

Glossary:
- NGO: Non-Governmental Organization
- Sustainability: The ability to continue or exist over time
- Scalability: The ability to increase or decrease in size or quantity while remaining functional or effective
- Maternal and Child Mortality Rates: The number of deaths per 100,000 live births among mothers and their children under five years of age.


text:
Amazon Prime Video

Last modified: January 24, 2019

By Stephen Lovely

Amazon's massive reach covers everything from music to groceries. But their subscription video on demand service, Amazon Prime Video, is one of their most important and popular offerings. With a huge user base that includes members of Amazon's premium subscription service Amazon Prime, an impressive roster of critically acclaimed and award-winning original series, and a healthy selection of licensed streaming content, Amazon Prime Video is a streaming service to be reckoned with. Here's what you need to know about it.

What Shows and Movies Are on Amazon Prime Video?

Amazon Prime Video has an impressive and ever-changing selection of licensed content, but its original series are really what differentiates it from its competition. Like some of its competitors, Amazon has made big investments into original content and has been rewarded with popular and critically acclaimed results.

Shows

Bosch –

Based on the popular novels by Michael Connely, Bosch is a police procedural that follows LAPD detective Harry Bosch.The Grand Tour – The Grand Tour stars the trio that made BBC's Top Gear a hit. They're still doing the stuff that made fans love them in the first place.The Man in the High Castle – Based on the novel by Philip K. Dick, The Man in the High Castle is an alternate-history dystopian tale of a post-World War II United States that is divided between Japanese and Nazi German rule.Transparent – Touching and funny, Transparent is a acclaimed comedy about a parent coming out as transgender.

Movies

The Big Sick –

Inspired by Kumail Nanjiani's real-life relationship, this romantic comedy about the complexities of interracial dating is one of Amazon's best films.Manchester by the Sea – Amazon's biggest critical hit so far is the Oscar-winning Manchester by the Sea. It's a grim but incredibly moving film.

What Devices Can I Use to Watch Amazon Prime Video?

Amazon's Fire TV is just one of the devices you can use to watch Amazon Prime Video

Amazon Prime Video is available on all sorts of different streaming devices. Amazon has a streaming platform of its own called Fire TV, and Fire TV devices do a particularly great job of integrating all of Amazon's content into top-level menus and content discovery features. But users of Roku and other popular streaming platforms will find that they, too, can get a great Amazon Prime Video experience. And Amazon Prime Video is also available on mobile devices, through an in-browser app, and more. Here's the complete list of platforms that you can use to watch Amazon Prime Video.

Amazon Prime memberships cost $119 per year for most subscribers. Students can get Amazon Prime at a special discount: an annual Prime Student membership costs $59 per year.

Amazon Prime is also available at a monthly rate. If you subscribe to Amazon Prime at the monthly rate, you'll pay $12.99 per month. That works out to $155.88 per year, but it has some advantages in terms of cancellation policies. For more on that, see our section on how to cancel Amazon Prime Video.

In 2016, Amazon began to allow subscribers to choose a standalone Amazon Prime Video service, which included all the streaming video features of Amazon Prime but not the non-video features. However, Amazon seems to have quietly buried that option.

Deals on Amazon Prime Video

Amazon Prime memberships are rarely available at a discount, but there is one very significant deal that is available to new members year round. That's the free trial, of course, which we'll discuss in depth in just a moment! Amazon's 30-day free trial will give you access to Amazon Prime Video for free for a month.

Also worth focusing on is student discount the we mentioned in our last section. Students can get an Amazon Prime student membership for just $59 per year, a roughly 50% discount compared to the regular $119 annual rate. Not bad!

For more information on deals on or related to Amazon Prime memberships, Fire TV devices, and streaming, be sure to keep your eye on Cordcutting.com.

Getting an Amazon Prime Video Free Trial

Like many other streaming services, Amazon Prime Video offers a free trial. And since Amazon Prime Video is a part of the broader Amazon Prime service, you'll really have a lot to enjoy during your free month of service.

On top of being able to enjoy Amazon Prime Video on all of your devices, an Amazon Prime free trial will give you free two-day shipping on lots of items in Amazon.com's web store, access to a solid amount of free treaming music, and a whole lot more. For a full list of Amazon Prime's benefits, including all of the ones unrelated to streaming video, check out Amazon's website.

Amazon Prime Video Contracts

Amazon Prime Video is a part of Amazon Prime. Amazon Prime memberships do not come with contracts per se, but it is important to think about how you sign up for Amazon Prime if you don't want to pay for anything that you won't use.

If you choose to pay the annual fee for Amazon Prime (see our section How Much Does Amazon Prime Video Cost? above), you won't be locked into any monthly payments. But you will be paying for the full year up front. That means that if and when you decide to cancel Amazon Prime, the soonest you'll be able to cancel it will be the next time it would renew – in other words, one year from whenever you signed up. You won't be charged anything more, but you won't get any of your money back, either. You'll just have Amazon Prime through the end of the year that you already paid for – no early cancellation or partial refunds.

There are some specific exceptions to the early cancellation and refunds policy that we'll cover in the next section, but you should that buying a year's worth of Amazon Prime is a commitment.

How to Cancel Amazon Prime Video

You can cancel your Amazon Prime membership (and, therefore, your Amazon Prime Video membership) at any time through Amazon's website. If you do so, you'll continue to receive your benefits until the period that you've paid for is up. That means that monthly subscribers will still have Amazon Prime through the end of the month, while members who paid the annual rate will have Amazon Prime until the end of their paid year.

If you have not actually used the benefits that Amazon Prime offers, you can get a refund when you cancel. So if you signed up by mistake, you can quickly cancel without an issue.

And, of course, you can cancel during the free trial period at any time and won't pay a dime.

All About Amazon Prime Video

We've said a lot about Amazon Prime Video, but there's still so much more to talk about. There are other great originals that we didn't go into depth about (like Long Strange Trip, a great series for fans of the Grateful Dead), content discovery features to enjoy, and lots of synergy between Amazon Prime Video and Amazon's other streaming video-related offerings, such as its Fire TV family of streaming devices, its Amazon Channels streaming-subscription-hub service, and more.

For more on Amazon Prime Video, check out all of our extensive coverage right here on Cordcutting.com! Just type “Amazon” into the search bar or click on the related stories we've linked to on this page. You can also read our full review of Amazon Prime Video here.

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source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Amazon Prime Video

Amazon Prime Video is a subscription-based streaming service that offers a wide range of movies, TV shows, and original content. In this lesson, we will explore the features of Amazon Prime Video, its original content, and how to access it.

**Section 1: Introduction**

Amazon Prime Video is a streaming service that is available to users who subscribe to Amazon Prime. It offers a vast library of movies and TV shows, including original content produced by Amazon.

**Section 2: Original Content**

Amazon Prime Video produces original content that is exclusive to its platform. Some of its popular original series include "The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel," "Tom Clancy's Jack Ryan," and "The Man in the High Castle." These original series have received critical acclaim and awards for their storytelling and production quality.

**Section 3: Accessing Amazon Prime Video**

To access Amazon Prime Video, users must first subscribe to Amazon Prime. Once subscribed, users can access the streaming service through the Amazon website or app. Users can watch movies and TV shows on multiple devices, including smart TVs, smartphones, tablets, and gaming consoles.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

In conclusion, Amazon Prime Video is a streaming service that offers a vast library of movies and TV shows, including original content produced by Amazon. Its original series have received critical acclaim and awards for their storytelling and production quality. To access Amazon Prime Video, users must subscribe to Amazon Prime and can watch movies and TV shows on multiple devices.


text:
More News:

Philly mayor: Don't give cash to panhandlers

The number of panhandlers on Philadelphia's streets is increasing, a trend that city officials believe is a byproduct of the opioid crisis.

But Mayor Jim Kenney and city officials urged people not to give them money during a press conference on Monday, saying such acts too often feed addiction.

Instead, city officials encouraged people to donate money to the Office of Homeless Services through a newly-launched digital fundraising campaign. The funds will be allocated to nonprofit groups that provide housing, jobs and social services to homeless people.

By texting "Share" to 80077, people can quickly donate $5, with the contribution being charged to their cellphone bills. The Office of Homeless Services plans to match the donations.

"We are not standing idly by," said Liz Hersh, director of the Office of Homeless Services. "We are trying everything we can to attack these problems in a humane, caring, dignified way."

The city's 2017 homeless count found 956 people living without shelter, Hersh said, with large increases in Kensington.

The city also has witnessed an uptick in panhandling, a trend seen in other major American cities.

Not all panhandlers are homeless, Hersh said, but the city found many of them to be suffering from addiction.

The city's managing director's office interviewed 129 panhandlers between November and January. The panhandlers said they used their money to buy drugs, food and housing.

"When we looked at the demographics, what we saw was long tentacles of the opioid crisis affecting life on the street, among the most vulnerable people," Hersh said. "We saw that the demographics were very similar to the opioid population."

Hersh encouraged people to treat panhandlers with friendliness and kindness. She suggested people talk with them, buy them a meal or point them in the direction of social services.

But she advised them against giving them cash, saying it likely will feed the cycle of addiction and homelessness.

"There are other ways to help them meet their needs," Hersh said.

City officials said the fundraising campaign encourages generosity while discouraging panhandling as a viable economic activity.

They also stressed that the fundraising campaign should not be viewed as a panacea to homelessness, panhandling or addiction, saying it is one of many efforts the city is taking to combat the problems.

Last year, the city launched a "Hot Spots in Prime Times" initiative that increased calls to the Outreach Coordination Center by 50 percent, Hersh said.

In the last fiscal year, Hersh said the city helped 927 homeless families gain permanent housing. The city also added 133 housing units last year. And Kenney has budgeted an additional $1 million to add 70 new housing units next year.

"These are people who are complex, who have complex problems," Kenney said. "We need to understand that. There's no one-size-fits-all for anyone who is on the street. ... Again, the opioid crisis has just exacerbated this problem. It's created all kinds of problems throughout the city."

Kenney said police will not arrest panhandlers for loitering on the streets, saying that ultimately will not solve the problem.

"You have to approach this in a very concise and measured approach so that in the end, it's actually effective," Kenney said. "You can move people all day long. But if they're never going to get their issues solved or addressed, then we're going to be moving people forever."

The fundraising campaign will run until the end of September, when city officials will evaluate its effectiveness.

The campaign will benefit homeless services provided by about 65 nonprofits, including Project HOME, Bethesda Project, Broad Street Ministry and Pathways to Housing.

textbook:
Lesson:

Title: How to Help Homeless People

Introduction:

In this lesson, we will learn about the issue of homelessness and how we can help homeless people. We will discuss the reasons behind homelessness, the impact it has on individuals and communities, and the best ways to provide support.

Section 1: Understanding Homelessness

1. What is homelessness?

Homelessness refers to the condition of people who lack a stable dwelling, such as a house or apartment. This can include people who live on the streets, in shelters, or in temporary housing arrangements.

2. Why do people become homeless?

There are many reasons why people become homeless, including job loss, poverty, mental illness, substance abuse, domestic violence, and natural disasters. These factors can combine to create a complex situation that makes it difficult for individuals to find and maintain stable housing.

3. What are the effects of homelessness?

Homelessness can have devastating effects on individuals and communities. It can lead to physical and mental health problems, substance abuse, and crime. It also strains resources in communities, as homeless people often rely on public services such as shelters and food banks.

Section 2: Ways to Help Homeless People

4. How can I help homeless people?

There are many ways to help homeless people, including volunteering at a local shelter or organization, donating money or supplies, and advocating for policies that address homelessness.

5. What should I do if I see someone asking for change on the street?

If you want to help, consider giving to a reputable organization that serves homeless people. You can also offer a meal, water, or other essentials. However, it's important not to give cash, as it may contribute to a drug or alcohol addiction.

6. How can I support homeless organizations?

You can support homeless organizations by donating money, supplies, or time. You can also attend events, share information on social media, and advocate for policies that address homelessness.

Section 3: Real-World Examples

7. How does Philadelphia approach homelessness?

Philadelphia has implemented several initiatives to address homelessness, including the creation of a coordinated entry system to connect individuals with appropriate services and the development of affordable housing units.

8. What can we learn from Philadelphia's approach?

Philadelphia's approach to homelessness demonstrates the importance of collaboration between government agencies, nonprofits, and community members. By working together, we can create effective solutions to address the complex issue of homelessness.

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned about the issue of homelessness and the ways in which we can help homeless people. We discussed the reasons behind homelessness, its effects on individuals and communities, and the best ways to provide support. We also explored real-world examples of how cities like Philadelphia are approaching homelessness. By understanding the issue and taking action, we can make a difference in the lives of those experiencing homelessness.


text: Share this story. Unionized employees at Heritage Credit Union in Slocan Park and Castlegar are poised to issue 72-hour strike notice after turning down the employer's final offer last month.. In a news release, United Steelworkers Local 1-405 president Doug Singer said since bargaining began in May, the biggest stumbling block has been changes to the pension plan in 2010.. He said it was "identified by the membership as the number one issue on the bargaining table from day one.". The union has called upon a provincial mediator to help the parties reach a deal, but the issues couldn't be resolved, Singer said.. He added their bargaining committee will meet with workers one more time before issuing strike notice.. The union represents 35 employees at Heritage Credit Union and HG Insurance who have been without a contract since May 31.. The credit union also has a branch in Greenwood that is not unionized.. General manager Lorne Myrha wasn't immediately available.

textbook:
Lesson: Labor Unions and Collective Bargaining

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about labor unions and collective bargaining. We will understand what a labor union is, the benefits of joining one, and how it works in the context of collective bargaining.

Section 1: What is a Labor Union?
A labor union is an organization that represents the interests of workers in various industries. It is formed to protect and promote the rights and interests of its members. Labor unions negotiate with employers for better wages, working conditions, and benefits.

Section 2: Benefits of Joining a Labor Union
There are several benefits of joining a labor union, including:
- Better wages and benefits: Labor unions negotiate with employers for higher wages, better benefits, and improved working conditions.
- Job security: Unions can help protect workers from being fired unfairly or laid off.
- A voice in the workplace: Unions give workers a voice in decisions that affect them, such as working hours, safety standards, and job assignments.
- Legal representation: Unions provide legal representation for workers who face disciplinary action or other workplace issues.

Section 3: Collective Bargaining
Collective bargaining is the process by which labor unions negotiate with employers for better wages, benefits, and working conditions. During this process, the union and the employer exchange proposals and counter-proposals until they reach an agreement. The goal of collective bargaining is to create a contract that is mutually beneficial for both the union and the employer.

Section 4: Example of Collective Bargaining
Let's consider the example of a unionized group of teachers. The teachers' union may demand higher salaries, smaller class sizes, and more resources for the school. The school district, on the other hand, may offer lower salaries, larger class sizes, and fewer resources. Through a process of negotiation, the two parties may eventually agree on a contract that includes higher salaries, slightly larger class sizes, and some additional resources for the school.

Section 5: Conclusion
In conclusion, labor unions and collective bargaining play an important role in protecting the rights and interests of workers. By joining a labor union, workers can negotiate for better wages, benefits, and working conditions. Collective bargaining allows unions to work with employers to create contracts that benefit both parties.


text: About British International School, Jammu. The British International School Jammu cultures and states and bring with them a wealth of wisdom and experience. They are energetic, articulate, motivated, confident, caring and eager to make their mark on the world. We are blessed with world-class facilities, set in a fascinating city in the heart of Jammu. Jammu, Jammu experience and we are proud of the range on offer through our co-curricular activity programme. The extensive talents and skills of the teachers and their willingness to be involved in this central aspect of school life are remarkable. These provide students with opportunities to contribute both locally and wider afield, preparing them for a future as responsible leaders and citizens in a global community. Academic success remains an essential part of the journey and our students regularly achieve extremely good examination results and secure places at some of the most prestigious universities worldwide.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to British International School, Jammu

### Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about the British International School, Jammu. The school is known for its excellent education and diverse student body. It is located in the heart of Jammu, India, and has world-class facilities that provide students with a well-rounded education.

### Section 2: About the School
The British International School, Jammu is a private school that follows the British curriculum. It was founded in 2007 and has since grown to become one of the most prestigious schools in the region. The school is a member of the Council of International Schools and the Association of British Schools in India.

The school offers a wide range of subjects, including mathematics, science, language, history, geography, and art. It also provides a variety of extracurricular activities such as sports, music, drama, and clubs. The school has a strong focus on academic excellence, and its students regularly achieve outstanding exam results.

The school has a diverse student body, with students from all over the world. This creates a unique learning environment where students can learn about different cultures and traditions. The school also places a strong emphasis on community service and encourages students to get involved in local and global initiatives.

### Section 3: Conclusion
In conclusion, the British International School, Jammu is a top-quality educational institution that provides a well-rounded education for its students. With its world-class facilities, diverse student body, and strong focus on academic excellence, the school is an ideal choice for students who want to prepare for a successful future. By the end of this lesson, you will have a better understanding of what the school has to offer and why it is considered one of the best schools in India.


text: HU Academics. The University is operating through well-organized academic structure that consists of four (04) Faculties, 31 Departments and more than 100 academic programmes. The following Faculties have been established to cover all academic activities at the university:. - Faculty of Arts & Humanities. - Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences. - Faculty of Law and Social Sciences. - Faculty of Natural and Computational Sciences. Each Faulty is further divided into departments and each department offers different academic programme. The details of each faculty and department along with programmes is given on next ages. The university also follow an integrated curriculum model which is implemented used to organize courses under each academic programme.

textbook:
**Lesson:** Understanding the Structure of Higher Education Institutions

**Introduction:** In this lesson, we will learn about the structure of higher education institutions, specifically focusing on the faculties, departments, and academic programs offered. We will also explore the integrated curriculum model used by many universities.

**Section 1: Understanding the Structure of a University**

A university is a higher education institution that offers various academic programs at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The structure of a university typically includes four main components: faculties, departments, and academic programs.

**Faculties:** A faculty is a group of departments that share a common academic discipline. For example, there may be a faculty of arts and humanities, which includes departments of literature, history, and philosophy.

**Departments:** A department is a smaller unit within a faculty that focuses on a specific academic area. For instance, the department of literature may offer courses in English, French, and Spanish literature.

**Academic Programs:** An academic program is a set of courses that lead to a degree or certificate. These programs are designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of a particular field of study.

**Section 2: Integrated Curriculum Model**

Many universities use an integrated curriculum model to organize their courses. This model aims to create a seamless learning experience for students by connecting courses across disciplines. For example, in a business program, students may take courses in accounting, economics, and marketing, which are all connected to the overarching theme of business management.

**Section 3: Applying Skills Gained to New Problems**

Understanding the structure of higher education institutions and the integrated curriculum model can help students navigate their academic journey more effectively. By recognizing the connections between different fields of study, students can better understand how their coursework relates to their overall educational goals. Additionally, this knowledge can be applied to real-world situations, such as when evaluating job opportunities or pursuing further education.

**Conclusion:** In conclusion, understanding the structure of higher education institutions and the integrated curriculum model is essential for students to succeed academically. By recognizing the connections between different fields of study, students can better understand how their coursework relates to their overall educational goals and apply these skills to new problems they encounter in their personal and professional lives.

**Glossary:**
- Faculty: A group of departments that share a common academic discipline.
- Department: A smaller unit within a faculty that focuses on a specific academic area.
- Academic Program: A set of courses that lead to a degree or certificate.
- Integrated Curriculum Model: A model used by universities to connect courses across disciplines, creating a seamless learning experience for students.


text: Designing Dreams. Designing Dreams is an organization committed to creating a positive space of healing for children battling cancer through the complete transformation and redesign of their bedrooms. By making their dream bedroom become a reality, Designing Dreams inspires hope and happiness in the lives of children experiencing the difficulties of treatment.. Love Your Melon is proud to have worked with Designing Dreams, providing $14,095 in 2016 to completely transform the bedrooms of two incredible children battling cancer - Henry and Bella.. To learn more about other Designing Dreams bedrooms, click here!. Years Given: 2016

textbook:
Lesson: How to Help Children Battling Cancer

## Section 1: Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn about Designing Dreams, an organization that helps children battling cancer by transforming their bedrooms into a space of hope and happiness. We will also explore ways to support this organization and make a difference in the lives of these children.

## Section 2: What is Designing Dreams?

Designing Dreams is a non-profit organization that believes every child deserves a happy and healthy childhood, even when faced with the challenges of cancer. They work to create positive spaces of healing for children battling cancer by transforming their bedrooms into a dream come true. This complete transformation includes new furniture, bedding, artwork, and even a makeover for the child.

## Section 3: Why is Designing Dreams Important?

Designing Dreams is important because it provides a sense of normalcy and happiness to children who are going through a difficult time. Cancer treatment can be scary and stressful, and Designing Dreams aims to bring joy and hope into these children's lives. By providing a comfortable and welcoming environment, they help improve the child's mental and emotional well-being during treatment.

## Section 4: How can I Support Designing Dreams?

There are several ways you can support Designing Dreams and help make a difference in the lives of children battling cancer:

1. Donate: You can donate to Designing Dreams by visiting their website or contacting them directly. Every dollar counts and helps transform another child's bedroom.

2. Volunteer: Designing Dreams is always looking for volunteers to help with their transformations. You can offer your time and skills to paint, decorate, or organize the bedroom.

3. Spread Awareness: Share Designing Dreams on social media or tell your friends and family about the organization. The more people know about Designing Dreams, the more support they will receive.

## Section 5: Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about Designing Dreams, an organization that helps children battling cancer by transforming their bedrooms. We also explored ways to support this organization and make a difference in the lives of these children. By donating, volunteering, or spreading awareness, we can all play a part in bringing hope and happiness to children facing the challenges of cancer.


text: Putin compares ‘referendums’ in Crimea and Catalonia. At the final plenary session of the Valdai Club in Sochi, Russian President Vladimir Putin compared the “referendums” in annexed Crimea and Catalonia.. “In the situation with Catalonia we saw the unanimous condemnation of independence supporters by the European Union and a whole range of other states. In this connection, I have to point out: You should have thought earlier. What, was no one aware of such disagreements lasting for centuries within Europe itself? They were aware. However, at the time they actually welcomed the collapse of a whole number of European states, without concealing their happiness about this. …read more

textbook:
Lesson: Comparing Referendums

Introduction:
Referendums are a tool used by governments to gather information from citizens about their opinions on certain issues. In this lesson, we will learn about the differences between referendums in annexed Crimea and Catalonia.

Section 1: Understanding Referendums

Topic 1: What is a referendum?
A referendum is a direct vote by the people of a country on a proposal or question. It is a way for citizens to express their opinions on important issues directly to the government.

Topic 2: Types of Referendums
There are two types of referendums: mandatory and optional. Mandatory referendums are required by law, while optional referendums are called by the government when they want to get feedback from the citizens.

Topic 3: Examples of Referendums
Some examples of referendums include Brexit in the UK, marriage equality in Ireland, and the legalization of marijuana in some US states.

Section 2: Comparing Referendums in Crimea and Catalonia

Topic 1: Background Information
In 2014, Russia annexed Crimea, a region in Ukraine, and held a referendum to decide whether it should become part of Russia. In 2017, Catalonia, a region in Spain, also held a referendum to decide whether it should become an independent state.

Topic 2: Differences in the Referendums
The referendum in Crimea was organized by the Russian government, while the one in Catalonia was organized by the local government. The referendum in Crimea was considered illegitimate by most countries, while the one in Catalonia was also considered illegitimate by the Spanish government.

Topic 3: Results of the Referendums
In the referendum in Crimea, over 95% of voters supported joining Russia. In the referendum in Catalonia, over 90% of voters supported independence.

Section 3: Conclusion

In conclusion, we have learned about the differences between referendums in annexed Crimea and Catalonia. We have also learned about the importance of referendums as a tool for citizens to express their opinions on important issues. By understanding these differences, we can better understand how referendums work and how they can be used to address different political situations.

Glossary:
- Referendum: A direct vote by the people of a country on a proposal or question.
- Annexed: To take control of (a territory) by military force and make it part of one's own country.
- Illegitimate: Not in accordance with the law or the rights of others.

Conclusion:
By studying the differences between referendums in annexed Crimea and Catalonia, we can gain a deeper understanding of how referendums work and how they can be used to address different political situations. This knowledge can be applied to new problems and situations, allowing us to make informed decisions based on evidence and reason.