text: For the modern classic gal, we have the right pump just for you! This single d’orsay features a pointed toe, and an adjustable ankle strap with buckle detailing, that’s great for a summer night out. Faux textured lizard.Shoe Details. Style with a fitted leather skirt and a loose cami top for a sexy night look.

textbook:
Lesson: Shoe Buying Guide
Introduction:
Shoes are an essential part of our wardrobe, and choosing the right pair can be overwhelming. In this lesson, we will learn how to choose the perfect shoes for any occasion. We will cover the basics of shoe styles, materials, and features that make a shoe comfortable and stylish.
Section 1: Shoe Styles
- There are different shoe styles for different occasions. For example, sneakers are perfect for a casual day out, while pumps are ideal for a formal event.
- Understanding the different shoe styles will help you choose the right pair for your outfit.
- Some common shoe styles include sneakers, sandals, boots, pumps, flats, and heels.
Section 2: Materials and Features
- The material used to make a shoe affects its comfort and durability.
- Leather is a popular choice for shoes because it is breathable, water-resistant, and durable.
- Synthetic materials like canvas and mesh are lightweight and perfect for summer shoes.
- Some shoes also come with features like cushioning, arch support, and slip-resistant soles.
Section 3: Shoe Care
- Taking care of your shoes will help them last longer.
- Always read the care instructions on the label before washing or dry cleaning your shoes.
- Use a soft brush to clean mud and dirt off your shoes.
- Store your shoes in a cool, dry place to prevent mold and mildew.
Glossary:
- Shoe style: A type of shoe designed for a specific occasion or activity.
- Material: The substance used to make a shoe.
- Features: Additional elements added to a shoe to improve comfort or functionality.
Conclusion:
Choosing the right pair of shoes can be challenging, but by understanding the different shoe styles, materials, and features, you can find the perfect pair for any occasion. By taking good care of your shoes, they will last longer and keep you comfortable all day long.


text: Lisbon From The Inside (Lisboa Por Dentro, in Portuguese) is the name of a cultural programme that invites the community to get in some places of the city that are less known by or accessible to the public.. The programme is an initiative from municipal cultural company EGEAC. It is on until April 8.. The programme includes, for instance, a community dance show called Ciranda, to be staged at the Santa Clara Market on March 12 and 19. It also features theatre plays, literature events, music and several guided tours to “improbable places,” as it is said in EGEAC’s official website.. According to Portuguese newspaper Diário de Notícias, the name of the initiative refers to indoor places — due to the weather conditions around this time in Lisbon — but also to a more intimate programme.. The detailed programme can be seen here.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Cultural Programmes

## Section 1: Theory
In this lesson, we will learn about cultural programmes and their importance in society. A cultural programme is an event or activity that promotes the appreciation and understanding of different forms of art, music, literature, and other creative expressions. These programmes are designed to bring people together to celebrate and share their cultural heritage, values, and traditions.

Cultural programmes are essential because they help to preserve and promote the richness of our diverse cultures. They provide opportunities for people to learn about different cultures, traditions, and beliefs, which can lead to greater understanding and respect for others. Cultural programmes also stimulate creativity, inspire new ideas, and promote social cohesion.

## Section 2: Practice
Let's imagine that you are organizing a cultural programme for your community. Your goal is to promote the appreciation of local art and music. You decide to create a series of workshops where people can learn how to play traditional musical instruments and create their own music.

1. What type of instruments would you include in the workshops?
- You could include instruments such as the violin, the guitar, the accordion, or the bagpipes, depending on the local musical tradition.

2. How would you advertise the workshops to attract participants?
- You could use social media platforms, local newspapers, and community bulletin boards to advertise the workshops. You could also partner with local schools or organizations to spread the word.

3. What kind of activities would you plan during the workshops?
- During the workshops, you could have experienced musicians teach participants how to play the instruments, and then guide them in creating their own music. You could also organize group performances and encourage participants to share their creations with each other.

## Section 3: Glossary
- Cultural programme: an event or activity that promotes the appreciation and understanding of different forms of art, music, literature, and other creative expressions.
- Preserve: to keep something in its original state or maintain it so that it remains usable or functional.
- Promote: to support or advance the development of something.
- Appreciation: the recognition and enjoyment of the good qualities of something.
- Tradition: a belief or behavior passed down from generation to generation within a particular culture or group.
- Cohesion: the state of being united or bonded together.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about the importance of cultural programmes in promoting understanding and respect for different cultures. We also practiced how to plan and organize a cultural programme that promotes local art and music. By applying the skills learned in this lesson, we can create meaningful and impactful cultural programmes that bring people together and celebrate our diverse cultural heritage.


text: Super Dollfie®, Dollfie Dream®, Shopping store. 【Product Description】. Blank heads for Dollfie Dream are ready to customize to your liking!. Wigs:. This head can wear any wigs fitted for Dollfie Dream.. Head Cap:. This head can wear a Dollfie Head Cap L.. Eyes:. Animetic Eyes. HG Glass Eyes. Metallic Eyes. Cat Eyes. Makeup:. For makeup we recommend painting it yourself with acrylics and pastels.. [ What is the difference between the firm and soft head caps? ]. A soft head cap is just how it sounds, softer! While the firm DD head cap has the same hardness as the rest of their vinyl skin, the soft head caps are more pliable. This makes the soft ones easier to remove.. However, the soft head caps are more susceptible to staining than the firm head caps, as the softer vinyl gets, the more easily it becomes stained. Please be aware of such if it concerns you.. .

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Dollfie Dream Customization

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

### Subsection 1.1: What is Dollfie Dream?
Dollfie Dream is a popular brand of dolls produced by Volks, a Japanese company specializing in dolls and figures. These dolls are known for their realistic features and customization options, making them popular among collectors and enthusiasts.

### Subsection 1.2: Types of Dollfie Dream Customization
There are several types of customization options available for Dollfie Dream dolls, including:

1. Blank heads: These are unpainted doll heads that can be customized to your liking.
2. Wigs: Dollfie Dream dolls can wear various types of wigs, including those specifically designed for the doll.
3. Head caps: These caps fit over the doll's head and can be used to change the appearance of the doll's hair.
4. Eyes: Dollfie Dream dolls can have different types of eyes, including animetic eyes, HG glass eyes, metallic eyes, and cat eyes.
5. Makeup: You can apply makeup to the doll's face using acrylics and pastels.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

### Subsection 2.1: Customizing a Blank Head
To customize a blank head, you will need to gather materials such as paint, brushes, and reference images. Start by sketching out the design you want on the head and then use the paint to fill in the details. Once you are satisfied with the design, let it dry completely before attaching it to the doll.

### Subsection 2.2: Choosing the Right Wig
When choosing a wig for your Dollfie Dream doll, consider the doll's hair color, style, and texture. You can choose from various types of wigs, including straight, wavy, curly, and even braided styles. Make sure to measure the doll's head carefully to ensure the wig fits properly.

### Subsection 2.3: Using Head Caps
To use a head cap on your Dollfie Dream doll, start by removing the doll's original head. Then, place the head cap onto the doll's neck and secure it in place. Once the head cap is on, you can attach the doll's original head or a customized head.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

### Subsection 3.1: Pros and Cons of Customization
Customization can be a fun and rewarding experience, allowing you to create a unique doll that reflects your personality and style. However, it can also be time-consuming and require a certain level of skill. Additionally, some customization options may not be reversible, so you should consider the potential consequences before making any changes to your Dollfie Dream doll.

### Subsection 3.2: Balancing Creativity and Realism
When customizing a Dollfie Dream doll, it's essential to find a balance between creativity and realism. While you may want to express your unique style, it's also important to maintain the doll's overall appearance and integrity. Consider the context in which the doll will be displayed and aim to create a cohesive and visually appealing result.

## Glossary

- Dollfie Dream: A popular brand of dolls produced by Volks.
- Customization: The process of altering a product to better suit an individual's needs or preferences.
- Blank head: An unpainted doll head that can be customized.
- Wig: A hairpiece worn on the doll's head.
- Head cap: A cap that fits over the doll's head to change its appearance.
- Eyes: The organs used for sight on the doll.
- Makeup: Products applied to the doll's face to enhance its appearance.

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the different types of customization options available for Dollfie Dream dolls, including blank heads, wigs, head caps, eyes, and makeup. We also explored practical examples and self-debating discussions related to these customization options. By understanding the benefits and challenges of customization, we can create unique and visually appealing dolls that reflect our personal style and preferences.


text: Justin Solomon - CRC Press. Using examples from a broad base of computational tasks, including data processing and computational photography, the book introduces numerical modeling and algorithmic design from a practical standpoint and provides insight into theoretical tools.. (4192 views). by Jonathan M. Borwein - DocServer. The desire to understand Pi, the challenge, and originally the need, to calculate ever more accurate values of Pi, has challenged mathematicians for many many centuries, and Pi has provided compelling examples of computational mathematics.. (12508.. (11824 views). >>IMAGE.. (15108 views)

textbook:
**Lesson: Introduction to Computational Mathematics**

**Objective:** This lesson aims to introduce students to the basics of computational mathematics. Students will learn about the importance of computational mathematics, its applications, and the steps involved in solving computational problems.

**Introduction:** Computational mathematics is the study of mathematical methods and algorithms that use computers to solve problems. It is an essential tool in modern mathematics, science, and engineering. Computational mathematics has applications in various fields such as finance, physics, chemistry, biology, and computer science.

**Section 1: Importance of Computational Mathematics**

**Topic 1.1: Why is computational mathematics important?**

Computational mathematics is essential because it allows us to solve complex problems that would be impossible to solve manually. It also helps us to verify the results of manual calculations and to explore new mathematical ideas.

**Topic 1.2: Applications of computational mathematics**

Computational mathematics has many applications in various fields. Some of the most common applications include:

- Finance: Computational mathematics is used to model financial markets and to develop trading strategies.
- Physics: It is used to simulate physical systems and to predict their behavior.
- Chemistry: It is used to model chemical reactions and to predict the properties of new compounds.
- Biology: It is used to model biological systems and to predict the behavior of living organisms.
- Computer Science: It is used to develop algorithms and to analyze complex data sets.

**Section 2: Steps Involved in Solving Computational Problems**

**Topic 2.1: Defining the problem**

The first step in solving any computational problem is to clearly define the problem. This involves identifying the variables, constraints, and objectives of the problem.

**Topic 2.2: Developing an algorithm**

Once the problem is defined, the next step is to develop an algorithm to solve it. An algorithm is a set of instructions that tells the computer how to solve the problem.

**Topic 2.3: Implementing the algorithm**

After developing the algorithm, the next step is to implement it using a programming language. There are many programming languages available, such as Python, Java, and C++, each with its strengths and weaknesses.

**Section 3: Practical Examples**

**Topic 3.1: Numerical Methods**

Numerical methods are techniques used to approximate the solutions to mathematical problems that are too difficult to solve analytically. Some common numerical methods include the Newton-Raphson method, the Euler method, and the finite difference method.

**Topic 3.2: Computational Photography**

Computational photography is the process of using computational methods to improve photographs. This can involve adjusting the color balance, removing noise, or adding special effects.

**Conclusion:** Computational mathematics is an essential tool in modern mathematics, science, and engineering. By following the steps involved in solving computational problems, we can tackle complex problems that would be impossible to solve manually. With its many applications, computational mathematics is a valuable skill to have in today's world.

**Glossary:**

- Algorithm: A set of instructions that tells the computer how to solve a problem.
- Numerical Methods: Techniques used to approximate the solutions to mathematical problems that are too difficult to solve analytically.
- Computational Photography: The process of using computational methods to improve photographs.


text:
A beautiful article in The Atlantic about a long-term research project at Harvard, explores the lives of 268 Harvard students over the course of 72 years.

"The study began in the spirit of laying lives out on a microscope slide. But it turned out that the lives were too big, too weird, too full of subtleties and contradictions to fit any easy conception of “successful living.” Arlie Bock had gone looking for binary conclusions—yeses and nos, dos and don’ts. But the enduring lessons would be paradoxical, not only on the substance of the men’s lives (the most inspiring triumphs were often studies in hardship) but also with respect to method: if it was to come to life, this cleaver-sharp science project would need the rounding influence of storytelling."

Welcome! I'm Carly, a photographer and creative consultant in Portland, OR. Here you will find stories about photography, life in the Pacific NW, and recipes that celebrate local food and seasonal produce. Read more...

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Analyze Nonfiction Texts

Introduction:
Nonfiction texts are an essential part of our daily lives. They provide us with information, ideas, and perspectives on various topics. However, reading nonfiction texts can be challenging for some students. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and analyze nonfiction texts effectively.

Section 1: Understanding the Structure of Nonfiction Texts

Topic: Understanding the structure of nonfiction texts is crucial for effective analysis.

Question: What are the common structures of nonfiction texts?
Answer: The common structures of nonfiction texts include introduction, body, and conclusion.

Definition: Introduction - This section introduces the topic and provides background information.
Example: In "The Lottery," Shirley Jackson introduces the reader to the small town where the lottery takes place.

Body - This section contains the main ideas and supporting details.
Example: In "The Lottery," Jackson provides details about the lottery and its significance in the town.

Conclusion - This section summarizes the main ideas and provides a sense of closure.
Example: In "The Lottery," Jackson concludes with the shocking outcome of the lottery.

Discussion: Why is understanding the structure of nonfiction texts important?
Answer: Understanding the structure of nonfiction texts helps readers to follow the author's argument and understand the purpose of the text.

Section 2: Reading Nonfiction Texts Critically

Topic: Reading nonfiction texts critically involves analyzing the author's purpose, evaluating the evidence, and considering different perspectives.

Question: How do you analyze the author's purpose in a nonfiction text?
Answer: To analyze the author's purpose, you should consider the following questions:
- What is the author trying to achieve?
- Who is the intended audience?
- What is the tone of the text?

Example: In "The Lottery," Shirley Jackson's purpose is to create a sense of horror and shock in the reader.

Question: How do you evaluate the evidence in a nonfiction text?
Answer: To evaluate the evidence, you should consider the following questions:
- Is the evidence reliable?
- Does the evidence support the author's argument?
- Are there any contradictions or inconsistencies in the evidence?

Example: In "The Lottery," Jackson uses vivid imagery to create a sense of horror and shock.

Question: How do you consider different perspectives in a nonfiction text?
Answer: To consider different perspectives, you should consider the following questions:
- Are there other perspectives on the topic?
- How does the author's perspective differ from others?
- What are the strengths and weaknesses of each perspective?

Example: In "The Lottery," readers may have different perspectives on the significance of the lottery and its impact on the town.

Discussion: Why is it important to read nonfiction texts critically?
Answer: Reading nonfiction texts critically helps readers to understand the complexity of the topic and make informed decisions based on the evidence presented.

Section 3: Applying Critical Reading Skills to Real-World Scenarios

Topic: Applying critical reading skills to real-world scenarios involves analyzing news articles, political speeches, and scientific research.

Question: How do you analyze news articles critically?
Answer: To analyze news articles critically, you should consider the following questions:
- Who is the source of the information?
- What is the credibility of the source?
- Are there any biases or agendas in the article?
- Is the information supported by evidence?

Example: When reading an article about a political issue, you should consider the source of the information and any biases or agendas that may exist.

Question: How do you analyze political speeches critically?
Answer: To analyze political speeches critically, you should consider the following questions:
- What is the speaker's intention?
- Are the arguments presented logical and coherent?
- Are there any contradictions or inconsistencies in the speech?
- What is the impact of the speech on the audience?

Example: When analyzing a political speech, you should consider the speaker's intention and the impact of the speech on the audience.

Question: How do you analyze scientific research critically?
Answer: To analyze scientific research critically, you should consider the following questions:
- Is the research methodology sound?
- Are the results supported by evidence?
- Are there any contradictions or inconsistencies in the research?
- What is the impact of the research on the field?

Example: When analyzing scientific research, you should consider the methodology used and the impact of the research on the field.

Discussion: Why is it important to apply critical reading skills to real-world scenarios?
Answer: Applying critical reading skills to real-world scenarios helps readers to understand complex issues and make informed decisions based on evidence-based reasoning.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, reading and analyzing nonfiction texts is an essential skill for understanding complex issues and making informed decisions. By understanding the structure of nonfiction texts, reading critically, and applying critical reading skills to real-world scenarios, readers can develop a deeper understanding of the world around them.


text:
Torrey Lake Historic District

The Torrey Lake Club or Torrey Lake Ranch, also known as the Boardman Ranch or Murdock Ranch was built as a resort in the 1920s about  southeast of Dubois, Wyoming. at an elevation of about .The club is on about , centered on a complex of nine cabins, a bunkhouse for ranch hands and staff,  and supporting structures. The log cabins were built by club members from local materials.

The club was established by Oklahoma businessman John R. Boardman, who came to the area in 1901 with family and friends. In 1915 Boardman bought property on Torrey Lake and homesteaded it in 1921. That year he and two partners formed the Torrey Lake Club as a resort for friends. In 1926 the club became the Torrey Lake Ranch, a working ranch on  owned by Boardman and partner Charles Brown Voorhis. In 1938 during the Great Depression Boardman and Voorhis divided the property between them. The area containing club structures was on Voorhis's portion of the ranch. The Voorhis property was sold in 1944, while the Boardman section remains in the Boardman family. The property remains a working cattle ranch.

The club area was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 12, 1991.

References

External links
 Torrey Lake Historic District at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office

Category:National Register of Historic Places in Fremont County, Wyoming
Category:Ranches on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Historic Preservation

### Overview

Historic preservation is the practice of protecting and conserving buildings, landscapes, and other artifacts that have historical significance. This lesson will introduce students to the concept of historic preservation and provide examples of why it is important.

### Objectives

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

1. Define what historic preservation is.
2. Identify the importance of historic preservation.
3. Recognize examples of historic preservation.
4. Understand the process of historic preservation.

### Section 1: Introduction to Historic Preservation

**Definition:** Historic preservation is the practice of protecting and conserving buildings, landscapes, and other artifacts that have historical significance.

**Importance:** Historic preservation is important because it helps to preserve our history and cultural heritage. It also helps to maintain the character of our communities and provides educational opportunities.

### Section 2: Examples of Historic Preservation

**Example 1:** The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation in Virginia has been restoring and preserving colonial-era buildings since the 1920s. This has helped to provide a glimpse into what life was like during that time period.

**Example 2:** The National Park Service works to preserve and protect national parks and monuments. This includes preserving natural and cultural resources, as well as providing educational opportunities for visitors.

### Section 3: The Process of Historic Preservation

The process of historic preservation involves several steps, including:

1. Survey and inventory: This involves identifying and documenting historic resources within a community.
2. Designation: This involves identifying which properties are eligible for protection under historic preservation laws.
3. Planning: This involves developing a plan for the preservation and use of historic resources.
4. Implementation: This involves taking action to preserve and protect historic resources.
5. Monitoring and evaluation: This involves monitoring the effectiveness of preservation efforts and making adjustments as needed.

### Section 4: Conclusion

Historic preservation is an important practice that helps to preserve our history and cultural heritage. By understanding the process of historic preservation, we can work to protect and conserve important artifacts for future generations to enjoy.


text:
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As the deadline for the government to respond to the House of Representatives’ second attempt to deliberate the controversial tobacco bill approaches, President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo’s administration has finally moved to assess whether discussing the bill would be worth it or not.

The President has appointed Coordinating Political, Legal and Security Affairs Minister Wiranto to lead the talk on deciding the official governments’ stance of the deliberation of the tobacco bill.

Speaking at the Coordinating Political, Legal and Security Ministry’s office on Thursday, Presidential Chief of Staff Teten Masduki said Wiranto had been tasked with gathering and coordinating input from related ministries to decide the bill’s fate, which was hanging in the balance because of disagreements among ministries, particularly the Health Ministry and the Industry Ministry.

“The tobacco industry is a huge deal for us. There are still many aspects that we have to consider, so the government’s position should be objective in this case,” Teten said.

Studies from ministries related to the tobacco issue, including from the Health Ministry, the Industry Ministry, the Finance Ministry, the Home Ministry and the Agriculture Ministry, would be gathered and assessed by a team at Wiranto’s office to ensure that all aspects were considered before any decision was made, Teten said.

“We just began the coordination since March 18 is the deadline to issue the presidential letter [...] Whether the letter would be sent or not, it is up to the results of the assessment by the coordinating minister’s office,” Teten added.

Previously on Tuesday, State Secretary Pratikno said the bill was being discussed by the Industry Ministry, the Manpower Ministry, the Health Ministry and the Office of the Coordinating Economic Minister, leaving out Wiranto’s office.

The tobacco bill, which seeks to triple cigarette production to 524 billion by 2020, was initially rejected from the 2016 National Legislation Program (Prolegnas) by the Health Ministry, which was appointed by Jokowi to lead the discussion at the House.

However, the comeback of Golkar politician Setya Novanto as House Speaker paved the way for the inclusion of the bill in the 2017 national legislative program.

The Health Ministry has long campaigned for stronger tobacco control, which is crucial to saving around 200,000 Indonesians who die every year due to tobacco-related illnesses and to save Rp 378 trillion (US$28 billion) in economic losses caused by smoking.

The Jokowi administration, however, has been seeking to boost tobacco production to improve the welfare of tobacco farmers, an argument used by lawmakers in their efforts to pass the tobacco bill, which would require tobacco companies to use 80 percent local tobacco in their products.

In 2015, former industry minister Saleh Husin issued a 2020 tobacco road map that had targeted to triple current cigarette production. However, the ministerial regulation was annulled by the Supreme Court last year, on the grounds that increasing cigarette production was incompatible with child protection and public health, among other reasons.

Anti-tobacco activists have repeatedly made calls for Jokowi to kill the tobacco bill by not sending a presidential letter to the House as the bill was deemed to protect only the interests of the tobacco industry and has neglected health considerations.

Women’s activist organization Women’s Network for Tobacco Products Control (JP3T) added their voice to the growing calls from activists to reject the controversial bill.

“I believe anyone who loves their children should reject this [bill], because we, as parents, want our children to be better than our generation,” said Henny Supolo Sitepu, chairperson of the Yayasan Cahaya Guru teacher’s foundation.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Government's Stance on the Controversial Tobacco Bill

### Overview
In this lesson, we will learn about the government's stance on the controversial tobacco bill. We will explore the reasons behind the delay in responding to the House of Representatives' second attempt to deliberate the bill and the role of the President and his administration in deciding whether to discuss the bill or not.

### Section 1: Introduction
Tobacco is a highly regulated product in many countries due to its negative health effects. In Indonesia, the government has been debating a bill that seeks to regulate the tobacco industry even further. However, the bill has faced significant opposition from some quarters, including the tobacco industry itself. In this lesson, we will explore the government's stance on the controversial tobacco bill and how it has attempted to navigate the complex political landscape surrounding this issue.

### Section 2: Background
The tobacco industry is a significant contributor to the Indonesian economy, providing employment to millions of people. However, the use of tobacco products has also been linked to various health problems, including lung cancer, heart disease, and respiratory illnesses. In response to these concerns, the government has been considering a bill that seeks to regulate the tobacco industry more strictly.

The bill, which has been debated in the House of Representatives, proposes several measures aimed at reducing the use of tobacco products, including increasing taxes on cigarettes, banning tobacco advertising, and restricting smoking in public places. However, the bill has faced significant opposition from some quarters, including the tobacco industry itself, which argues that the proposed measures would harm the economy and the livelihoods of millions of people who rely on the industry for their income.

### Section 3: The Government's Stance
President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo's administration has finally moved to assess whether discussing the bill would be worth it or not. The President has appointed Coordinating Political, Legal and Security Affairs Minister Wiranto to lead the talk on deciding the official government's stance of the deliberation of the tobacco bill.

Speaking at the Coordinating Political, Legal and Security Ministry’s office on Thursday, Presidential Chief of Staff Teten Masduki said Wiranto had been tasked with gathering and coordinating input from related ministries to decide the bill's fate, which was hanging in the balance because of disagreements among ministries, particularly the Health Ministry and the Industry Ministry.

### Section 4: Conclusion
In conclusion, understanding the government's stance on the controversial tobacco bill is crucial for anyone interested in public policy and healthcare. By exploring the reasons behind the delay in responding to the House of Representatives' second attempt to deliberate the bill and the role of the President and his administration in deciding whether to discuss the bill or not, we can gain a better understanding of the complex political landscape surrounding this issue.


text: PyDO. PyDO. PyDO is a ORM (Object-Relational Mapper) database access library for Python that facilitates writing a Python database access layer. PyDO attempts to be simple, flexible, extensible, and unconstraining.. Download. Download. version 2.0.1. (stable). released on 15 February 2007. Categories. Licensing. Leaders and contributors. Resources and communication. Software prerequisites. This entry (in part or in whole) was last reviewed on 10.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Database Access Layer with PyDO

## Overview
In this lesson, we will learn about database access layers and how to use PyDO, an ORM (Object-Relational Mapper) library for Python. We will cover the basics of database access layers, their importance in software development, and how to install and use PyDO to interact with databases.

## Section 1: Introduction to Database Access Layers

### Topic 1.1: What is a Database Access Layer?
A database access layer is a software component that separates the application logic from the underlying database system. It provides an interface between the application and the database, allowing the application to access data without directly interacting with the database management system. This separation of concerns helps improve code maintainability, scalability, and portability.

### Topic 1.2: Why Use a Database Access Layer?
Using a database access layer has several benefits:
- It decouples the application from the database, making it easier to switch between different database systems or upgrade existing ones.
- It simplifies the code by abstracting away the complexity of the database API.
- It promotes consistency in data access across multiple applications.
- It allows for better control over data access permissions and security.

### Topic 1.3: Types of Database Access Layers
There are two main types of database access layers: ORM (Object-Relational Mapper) and OOD (Object-Oriented Database). ORMs map object-oriented concepts to the relational model, while OODs provide object-oriented interfaces to the database.

## Section 2: Installing and Using PyDO

### Topic 2.1: Installing PyDO
PyDO can be installed using pip, the official Python package manager:
```
pip install pydo
```
Alternatively, you can download the source code from the official website and install it manually.

### Topic 2.2: Using PyDO
Once installed, PyDO can be used to interact with a variety of database systems, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite. To get started, create a new PyDO project:
```python
from pydo import Project
project = Project('my_project')
```
Next, define the database connection settings:
```python
from pydo import Database
database = Database(host='localhost', user='user', password='password', dbname='database')
project.add_database(database)
```
Finally, you can use PyDO to execute SQL queries, insert/update/delete data, and manage database connections.

## Section 3: Practical Examples

### Topic 3.1: Querying Data
To query data using PyDO, first create a connection to the database:
```python
conn = project.get_connection()
cursor = conn.cursor()
```
Then, execute SQL statements:
```python
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users")
rows = cursor.fetchall()
```
This will return all rows from the `users` table.

### Topic 3.2: Inserting Data
To insert data into a table, first create a connection and a cursor:
```python
conn = project.get_connection()
cursor = conn.cursor()
```
Then, execute the INSERT statement:
```python
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES (%s, %s)", ("John", "john@example.com"))
conn.commit()
```
This will insert a new row into the `users` table with the values "John" and "john@example.com".

### Topic 3.3: Updating Data
To update data using PyDO, first create a connection and a cursor:
```python
conn = project.get_connection()
cursor = conn.cursor()
```
Then, execute the UPDATE statement:
```python
cursor.execute("UPDATE users SET age=age+1 WHERE id=1")
conn.commit()
```
This will increment the `age` column for the row with `id=1`.

### Topic 3.4: Deleting Data
To delete data using PyDO, first create a connection and a cursor:
```python
conn = project.get_connection()
cursor = conn.cursor()
```
Then, execute the DELETE statement:
```python
cursor.execute("DELETE FROM users WHERE id=1")
conn.commit()
```
This will delete the row with `id=1` from the `users` table.

## Glossary
- **ORM**: Object-Relational Mapper
- **OOD**: Object-Oriented Database
- **API**: Application Programming Interface
- **DBMS**: Database Management System

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about database access layers and how to use PyDO, an ORM library for Python. We covered the basics of database access layers, their importance in software development, and how to install and use PyDO to interact with databases. We also explored practical examples of querying, inserting, updating, and deleting data using PyDO. By mastering these concepts, we can effectively use PyDO to manage and manipulate data in our applications.


text: I normally do not do this kind of stuff. Or even if I do I will most probably not posting it. Except it’s the day when I’m so tired and I need but couldn’t sleep. Which I believe it’s due to THE big project I’ve been working on. It was like my brain has its own mouth, yelling around and wouldn’t shut up. And since I got this IT Project Management book next to me. So, I did it. And the result was a bit weird, as expected. Off course because this thing was trying to describe a love life from a logical non-cheesy book. But, I actually like it when you can describe something in an implicit way. Like what I have here, about my love life based on page 45 of the nearest book to me.. Share this:. Be First to Comment

textbook:
Lesson: Implicit vs Explicit Communication
Introduction:
Communication is an essential part of our daily lives. We communicate with others through verbal and non-verbal means to convey our thoughts, feelings, and ideas. However, not all communication is explicit, and sometimes, we communicate implicitly without even realizing it. In this lesson, we will learn about implicit and explicit communication, their differences, and examples.
What is Implicit Communication?
Implicit communication is a form of communication that happens without using words or actions. It is often subtle and can be conveyed through body language, tone of voice, facial expressions, and other non-verbal cues. Implicit communication is often unconscious and can be difficult to detect, but it can still convey a lot of meaning.
What is Explicit Communication?
Explicit communication, on the other hand, is a form of communication that is clear and direct. It uses words and actions to convey a message explicitly. Explicit communication is intentional and can be used to convey a message clearly and effectively.
Differences between Implicit and Explicit Communication
The main difference between implicit and explicit communication is that implicit communication is unconscious and subtle, while explicit communication is conscious and direct. Implicit communication is often conveyed through non-verbal cues, while explicit communication is conveyed through verbal and written communication. Implicit communication is often difficult to detect, while explicit communication is clear and straightforward.
Examples of Implicit and Explicit Communication
Implicit communication can be conveyed through body language, tone of voice, facial expressions, and other non-verbal cues. For example, if someone rolls their eyes when you are talking, they may be conveying that they are not interested or that they disagree with what you are saying. On the other hand, explicit communication can be conveyed through verbal and written communication. For example, if someone says "I love you," they are explicitly conveying their feelings towards you.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, implicit and explicit communication are two forms of communication that are used to convey messages. Implicit communication is often unconscious and subtle, while explicit communication is conscious and direct. Understanding the differences between implicit and explicit communication can help us communicate more effectively and understand others better. By being aware of our own communication style and that of others, we can improve our relationships and avoid misunderstandings.


text: Typewriter. The strength and age of the Amish wood creates a refined natural look while the onyx gives the feeling of calm and serenity. When backlit, the glowing onyx gives the piece a dramatic, powerful and dominant mood. The glowing piece is wonderfully hypnotic and allows the viewer to observe the various shades and rose petal like morsels in the onyx. The custom built-in steel hanging system creates its own unique touch bringing a modern feel to the piece’s old world charm as it appears to float off the wall with just a few small steal dowels. The manipulation of the weathered wood, onyx, and steel lends itself to my type of art called Cultured Nature. (piece #1 in the onyx series) honey onyx, Amish weathered wood, steel for exposed hanging system Size: 46” x 68”

textbook:
Lesson: Creating a Unique Piece of Art
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about creating a unique piece of art using different materials such as honey onyx, Amish weathered wood, and steel. We will explore the process of designing and creating a piece that combines the natural beauty of wood with the elegance of onyx and the strength of steel. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to apply these skills to create your own unique artwork.
Section 1: Understanding the Materials
- Honey onyx: Onyx is a type of gemstone that comes in different colors, including black, white, and red. Honey onyx has a golden-brown color that resembles honey. It is often used in jewelry, sculptures, and other decorative items.
- Amish weathered wood: Weathered wood is wood that has been exposed to the elements for a long time. It has a rustic look and feel, with a unique pattern of cracks and knots. Amish weathered wood is a type of wood that is hand-selected by the Amish community for its beauty and durability.
- Steel: Steel is a strong and durable metal that is often used in construction and other industrial applications. In this case, we will use steel for the exposed hanging system of the art piece.
Section 2: Designing the Art Piece
- Start by selecting the materials you want to use for your art piece. In this case, we will use honey onyx, Amish weathered wood, and steel.
- Decide on the size and shape of the art piece. For example, we want our art piece to be 46” x 68”.
- Sketch out a design that incorporates the materials and the size and shape you have chosen.
- Once you have a design, start creating the art piece by cutting and shaping the materials.
- Use the steel for the exposed hanging system, which will create a modern feel to the piece’s old world charm.
Section 3: Completing the Art Piece
- Finish the art piece by adding any final touches, such as sanding or polishing the onyx or staining the wood.
- Hang the art piece on the wall using the exposed hanging system.
- Enjoy your unique piece of art that combines the natural beauty of wood with the elegance of onyx and the strength of steel.
Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about creating a unique piece of art using different materials such as honey onyx, Amish weathered wood, and steel. We explored the process of designing and creating a piece that combines the natural beauty of wood with the elegance of onyx and the strength of steel. By applying these skills, we can create our own unique artwork.


text:
Q:

24" iMac Kernal Panics when booting anything OS X related

I have an Imac which suddenly started giving me Kernal Panics every time it boots.
I suspected a hardware issue so ran a hardware test and that found no issues.
I tried booting off another hard drive, several OS X installer discs from Tiger all the way to Snow Leopard and its the exact same problem.
But it boots fine in Windows, all drivers installed and everything. No issues at all!
I cant work out why it always fails with OS X. If anyone can point to any ideas at all I'd really appreciate it as this is mind boggling. Thanks.

A:

My first suspicion for symptoms like this is a subtle RAM problem -- since OS X and Windows use RAM somewhat differently, it's plausible that it might crash consistently in one and work (almost) perfectly in the other.  I've also seen flaky RAM pass "full" memory tests several times...
If you can boot OS X in single-user mode (hold command-S as it begins to boot, and it'll drop you into a very minimal command-line environment), I'd suggest running memtest on it, as I've seen it find memory problems that none of my other test utils (including the ones Apple gives service providers) would catch.  Mind you, installing memtest will be a little tricky, since networking and even additional drives/partitions aren't available in single-user mode.  Since it sounds like you have an external OS X boot disk, if you can mount that on another Mac, install memtest on it, and then boot the problem Mac from it, that should do it.
Another possibility is to try changing the RAM config, to remove possibly flaky RAM -- if the Mac has multiple DIMMs installed, try removing one, then the other.  Try moving DIMMs between slots.  If you have any spare DIMMs, try those instead of what's in the computer now.
Other things to try including booting in safe mode (hold shift as it begins to boot) -- this runs a stripped-down config with (among other things) noncritical kernel extensions disabled, so if it boots that way it may give you a some idea where the problem's coming from.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Diagnose and Fix Common Mac Problems

Introduction:

In this lesson, we will learn how to diagnose and fix common Mac problems. We will cover the following topics:

1. Identifying common Mac problems
2. Running diagnostics and hardware tests
3. Troubleshooting software issues
4. Fixing hardware issues
5. Conclusion: Applying skills to new problems

Section 1: Identifying Common Mac Problems

Mac computers are known for their reliability and stability, but like any computer, they can experience problems from time to time. Some common Mac problems include:

- Slow performance
- Crashes and freezes
- Faulty hardware components
- Software conflicts
- Viruses and malware

Section 2: Running Diagnostics and Hardware Tests

When your Mac starts exhibiting problems, the first step is to run diagnostics and hardware tests to identify the source of the issue. Here are some steps you can take:

- Run Apple's built-in diagnostics: Restart your Mac and hold down the command and S keys until the Apple logo appears. This will boot your Mac into single-user mode, where you can run diagnostics and hardware tests.
- Check for hardware issues: If you suspect a hardware issue, try resetting the PRAM/NVRAM (Press and hold Command-Option-P-R during startup). If the problem persists, consider taking your Mac to a professional for repairs.
- Run third-party diagnostics: There are several third-party utilities available that can help diagnose hardware issues, such as DriveDx for hard drive problems or TechTool Pro for general diagnostics.

Section 3: Troubleshooting Software Issues

If your Mac's hardware checks out, the next step is to troubleshoot software issues. Here are some steps you can take:

- Check for software updates: Make sure your Mac is up-to-date with the latest software updates and security patches.
- Disable startup items: Sometimes, third-party apps or services can cause problems during startup. You can disable them by going to System Preferences > Users & Groups > Login Items.
- Reinstall the operating system: If all else fails, you may need to reinstall macOS, either from scratch or by using the Recovery Disk Assistant.

Section 4: Fixing Hardware Issues

If you've identified a hardware issue, there are several steps you can take to fix it:

- Replace faulty components: Depending on the issue, you may need to replace faulty components such as the hard drive, RAM, or power supply.
- Clean your Mac: Dust and debris can accumulate inside your Mac, causing overheating and other issues. Consider cleaning the interior of your Mac with a can of compressed air.
- Update drivers and firmware: Make sure all your hardware components are up-to-date with the latest drivers and firmware updates.

Conclusion: Applying Skills to New Problems

Diagnosing and fixing Mac problems requires a combination of technical knowledge and troubleshooting skills. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can identify and fix common Mac problems, whether they're caused by hardware or software issues. As you gain experience, you'll become better at applying these skills to new problems and becoming a Mac troubleshooting expert.


text: If it sparkles, we go it! From earrings to toe rings.. Beautifully handcrafted and vintage jewelry at affordable prices. FREE Shipping every day on every item!. FREE SHIPPING!! Cosmetics, fragrances, bath and body, jewelry, clothing and gifts for the whole family. If you haven't visited us lately, you're in for a surprise! It's a new world of Avon!. Beads of Hope Check out our stunning handmade jewelry with a meaning. We donate a portion of all sales to childhood cancer research.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Jewelry Making

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Jewelry making is the art of creating personal adornments, such as necklaces, bracelets, rings, and earrings, using various materials like metals, gemstones, beads, and clay. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of jewelry making, including the tools and techniques used by professional jewelers.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
To begin, let's explore some practical examples of jewelry making. We can start by creating a simple beaded necklace using crystal beads and a silver clasp. First, we need to gather our materials:

- Crystal beads
- Silver clasp
- String or wire
- Bead board or mat
- Round nose pliers
- Crimping pliers
- Jeweler's saw (optional)

Next, we can follow these steps to create our necklace:

1. Lay out your beads on the bead board or mat to plan out the design.
2. Use round nose pliers to open a jump ring (a small loop of metal) and attach one end of the string or wire to it.
3. String on a few beads, leaving enough space to fit the clasp.
4. Use crimping pliers to crimp the end of the string or wire, creating a small loop.
5. Attach another jump ring to the crimped end of the string or wire.
6. Pass the jump ring through the next bead, then attach it to the clasp.
7. Close the jump ring securely.
8. Repeat steps 2-7 until you have the desired number of beads on the necklace.
9. Use the jeweler's saw (if needed) to cut off any excess string or wire.

Now that we have created a simple beaded necklace, let's explore other types of jewelry making, such as metal smithing and casting.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
In metal smithing, jewelers work with metals like gold, silver, and copper to create intricate designs. One popular technique is chasing, where the jeweler hammers patterns into the metal surface to create a textured effect. Another technique is filigree, which involves twisting and shaping thin wires of metal into delicate patterns.

Casting is another method of creating jewelry from metal. In this process, a mold is made of the desired design, and molten metal is poured into the mold to create the final piece. This technique can be used to create complex shapes and designs that would be difficult to achieve through other methods.

## Glossary
- Jewelry making: the art of creating personal adornments
- Bead board or mat: a surface used for arranging beads while making jewelry
- Round nose pliers: a type of pliers with a curved nose, used for bending and shaping metal
- Crimping pliers: a type of pliers used to create a tight seal on the end of a beading string or wire
- Jeweler's saw: a fine-toothed saw used for cutting metal and other hard materials
- Jump ring: a small loop of metal used to connect pieces of jewelry
- Chasing: a metal smithing technique that involves hammering patterns into the metal surface
- Filigree: a technique that involves twisting and shaping thin wires of metal into delicate patterns
- Casting: a method of creating jewelry from metal by pouring molten metal into a mold

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about the basics of jewelry making, including the tools and techniques used by professional jewelers. We explored practical examples of jewelry making, such as creating a beaded necklace, and discussed real-world scenarios, such as metal smithing and casting. By understanding these concepts, we can apply our skills to create beautiful and unique pieces of jewelry.


text:
Julia Abercromby, Baroness Abercromby

Julia Janet Georgiana Abercromby, Baroness Abercromby (née Haldane-Duncan; 24 January 1840 – 8 December 1915) was a British courtier, noblewoman, and artist.

Life

The Hon. Julia Janet Georgiana Haldane-Duncan was born on 24 January 1840 in Naples. Her father was Adam Haldane-Duncan, Viscount Duncan, subsequently Earl of Camperdown, and her mother was Juliana Cavendish Philips, daughter of Sir George Richard Philips, Bt. On 6 October 1858, she married George, 4th Baron Abercromby.

Lady Abercromby was a Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Victoria from April 1874 until March 1885. For her service to the Queen she was awarded The Royal Order of Victoria and Albert, Third Class. Whilst she was a lady-in-waiting she had the honour of painting the first official portrait of the Queen for the National Portrait Gallery. The gallery had requested paintings in 1867 of the Queen and her consort, Prince Albert. A portrait of Albert was sent almost immediately but it was not until 1883 that Abercromby's portrait of the Queen was sent. The picture was created in watercolour and was actually based on an original work by Heinrich von Angeli. The Queen's preference for this portrait is said to be because it does not emphasise the Queen's regalia but the woman behind the power.

She exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1898. Her portrait on Benjamin Jowett was thought to very close to life and the letters from Jowett indicate a close friendship, although Jowett was a friend of her brother Robert Haldane-Duncan, 3rd Earl of Camperdown.

Lady Abercromby died on 8 December 1915 leaving a widower but no children.

Legacy
Abercromby has paintings in British national collections including the National Portrait Gallery, Balliol College, Oxford and the Britannia Royal Naval College.

References

Category:1840 births
Category:1915 deaths
Category:British baronesses
Category:Daughters of British earls
Julia
Category:Ladies of the Bedchamber
Category:People from Naples
Category:British women artists
Category:British expatriates in Italy

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Painting

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Painting is the practice of applying pigment, color or other medium to a surface, typically using a brush or other tool. The art of painting has been around for thousands of years and has evolved over time into the many different styles and techniques we see today. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of painting and learn about some of the materials and techniques used by artists.

### Section 2: Practical Examples

To begin, let's take a look at some of the materials used in painting. The most common materials are paints, which come in many different forms such as oil, acrylic, watercolor, and gouache. Paints can be applied to a variety of surfaces, including canvas, paper, and wood. Brushes are also an essential tool for painting, and there are many different types of brushes available, each with its own unique characteristics.

Now let's move on to techniques. One of the most fundamental techniques in painting is composition, which refers to the arrangement of elements within a work of art. Composition can involve decisions about the placement of objects, colors, and shapes, as well as the overall balance and harmony of the piece. Another important technique is value, which refers to the lightness or darkness of a color. Value can be used to create contrast, depth, and mood within a painting.

### Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

Finally, let's take a look at some real-world examples of painting. One example is landscape painting, which depicts natural scenery such as mountains, forests, and bodies of water. Another example is portrait painting, which captures the likeness and character of a person. Still life painting, on the other hand, involves depicting inanimate objects such as fruit, flowers, and vases.

### Glossary

- Painting: The practice of applying pigment, color or other medium to a surface
- Materials: The supplies used in painting, such as paints, brushes, and surfaces
- Techniques: The methods and strategies used by artists to create their work
- Composition: The arrangement of elements within a work of art
- Value: The lightness or darkness of a color
- Landscape: A painting that depicts natural scenery
- Portrait: A painting that captures the likeness and character of a person
- Still life: A painting that depicts inanimate objects

### Conclusion

In this lesson, we have explored the basics of painting, including its history, materials, techniques, and real-world examples. By understanding these concepts, we can appreciate the art of painting and even try our hand at creating our own works of art.


text: AK Anne Klein Builtin Flat. Sorry, this item is sold out!. Looks like you've got more shoe shopping to do - have fun!. Looks like you've got more shoe shopping to do - have fun!. Item # 288306. UPC # 033784431760. UPC # 033784431760. Not your ordinary flats! Slip into the adorable Buitin by AK Anne Klein. The distinct details will sure to stand you out in the crowd!. - Leather and suede upper. - Decorative bow and studded detail at round toe. - Flexible rubber sole. - Imported. - View more Women's AK Anne Klein Shoes. Reviews. December 06, 2013. Comfortable!. "These shoes run slightly long, but wasn't a big deal for me. very very comfortable! great quality and the sparkles add a nice accent.". By: ComfyShoesMyFave. Location: Dallas, TX. October 07, 2013. LOVE these shoes!. "Second pair I own, so chic, flexible, and comfy!!". Click anywhere to close this.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand Shoe Descriptions

Introduction:
When shopping for shoes, it is essential to understand the descriptions provided by the seller. This lesson will teach you how to read and understand shoe descriptions to make an informed purchase decision.

Section 1: Understanding Shoe Descriptions

Topic 1: Materials Used
- Learn about the materials used in making the shoe, such as leather, suede, or canvas.
- Understand the difference between synthetic and natural materials.
- Know the benefits and drawbacks of each material.

Topic 2: Shoe Style
- Learn about the different styles of shoes, such as casual, dressy, or athletic.
- Understand the characteristics that define each style.
- Know which style is appropriate for different occasions.

Topic 3: Shoe Details
- Learn about the different parts of a shoe, such as the heel, toe box, and laces.
- Understand the purpose of each part.
- Know how to identify high-quality and durable materials.

Section 2: Practical Examples

Example 1: Sneakers
- Learn about the materials used in making sneakers, such as rubber, canvas, and synthetic fabrics.
- Understand the differences between high-top and low-top sneakers.
- Know the benefits and drawbacks of each type.

Example 2: Dress Shoes
- Learn about the materials used in making dress shoes, such as patent leather and velvet.
- Understand the differences between oxford and brogue shoes.
- Know the benefits and drawbacks of each type.

Example 3: Sandals
- Learn about the materials used in making sandals, such as leather and jute.
- Understand the differences between flip flops and slides.
- Know the benefits and drawbacks of each type.

Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

Topic 1: Should I buy shoes made of synthetic materials or natural materials?
- Pros: Synthetic materials are often more durable and water-resistant.
- Cons: Natural materials are often more breathable and comfortable.
- Conclusion: Consider the occasion and personal preferences when choosing between synthetic and natural materials.

Topic 2: What is the difference between high-top and low-top sneakers?
- Pros: High-top sneakers provide more ankle support and protection.
- Cons: Low-top sneakers are lighter and more flexible.
- Conclusion: Choose high-top sneakers for activities that require more support, and low-top sneakers for casual wear.

Glossary:
- Leather: A durable and flexible material made from animal skin.
- Suede: A soft and velvety material made from sheep or cowhide.
- Canvas: A lightweight and breathable material made from cotton or polyester.
- Rubber: A durable and water-resistant material used in making shoe soles.
- Heel: The back part of the shoe that helps in walking and balancing.
- Toe box: The front part of the shoe that protects the toes.
- Laces: The strings used to secure and adjust the fit of the shoe.

Conclusion:
By understanding the materials used, shoe styles, and shoe details, you can make an informed decision when purchasing shoes. Remember to consider the occasion, personal preferences, and the benefits and drawbacks of each type of shoe.


text:
Smoking ads don't always work

12th June 2007

Researchers in Australia who studied the effects of anti-smoking advertisements on young people say the ads often have the opposite effect and encourage people to keep smoking.

Their findings, published in the Tobacco Control Journal, showed that advertisements showed to cinema-goers before a film which glamorised smoking had little effect on the viewers' intentions with regard to smoking.

Researchers at Newcastle University polled 3,100 people aged 12 to 24, of whom around one-fifth were already smokers. The smokers said they were more likely to keep smoking as a result, while the non-smokers became more anti-smoking after they watched the advertisement.

The advertisement was shot in the style of a movie trailer, but was shown to have little impact on people's motivation to give up the habit.

More than half the 12 to 24-year-olds who viewed a film, were shown the advert, while the rest were not.

After the film, a quarter of respondents who did not see the advert said they were unlikely to be smoking in 12 months time. This compared to 39% who did see it.

Non-smokers' resolve to remain non-smokers changed little, from 94% among those who did not see the film, to 96% among those who did.

But lead researcher Diane Bull said anti-smoking adverts could work. She warned that caution was needed, as some types of advertising might reinforce smokers' intentions to smoke.

She pointed to smoking in movies by top actors as an important factor currently influencing young people to take up smoking.

Smoking lobby groups said people were getting fed up with being dictated to by the government, and increased anti-smoking campaigning was likely to give rise to a backlash.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Impact of Advertising on Smoking Behavior

Introduction:
Advertising plays a significant role in promoting products and services, including cigarettes. However, research has shown that anti-smoking advertisements do not always have the desired effect of discouraging people from smoking. In this lesson, we will explore the impact of advertising on smoking behavior, including the role of advertising in influencing people's decisions to smoke or quit smoking.

Section 1: The Role of Advertising in Promoting Smoking

Topic 1: The Impact of Pro-Smoking Advertisements
Pro-smoking advertisements aim to make smoking appear attractive, desirable, and cool. They often feature celebrities, athletes, and other popular figures who are associated with smoking. These advertisements can have a significant impact on young people, particularly those who are susceptible to peer pressure and the desire to fit in.

Topic 2: The Impact of Anti-Smoking Advertisements
Anti-smoking advertisements aim to discourage people from smoking by highlighting the negative health consequences of smoking. These advertisements often feature graphic images of the damage that smoking can cause to the body. While these advertisements may be effective in deterring some people from smoking, they can also have the opposite effect on others, particularly those who are already addicted to nicotine.

Section 2: The Role of Advertising in Influencing Smoking Behavior

Topic 1: The Impact of Advertising on Smoking Initiation
Research has shown that pro-smoking advertisements can influence young people to start smoking. Advertisements that glamorize smoking can make it appear attractive and desirable, leading young people to believe that smoking is cool and acceptable.

Topic 2: The Impact of Advertising on Smoking Cessation
While anti-smoking advertisements may be effective in deterring some people from smoking, they can also have the opposite effect on others. For example, a study conducted in Australia found that anti-smoking advertisements had little impact on the smoking behavior of young people. In fact, the advertisements appeared to encourage smoking among those who were already addicted to nicotine.

Section 3: Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions

Topic 1: How can we ensure that anti-smoking advertisements are effective in discouraging smoking?
One possible solution is to tailor anti-smoking advertisements to specific audiences based on their age, gender, and smoking behavior. For example, advertisements targeted towards young people could focus on the long-term health consequences of smoking, while those targeted towards older smokers could focus on the immediate health risks.

Topic 2: Should pro-smoking advertisements be banned?
Some people argue that pro-smoking advertisements should be banned because they contribute to the initiation of smoking among young people. Others argue that freedom of speech allows for the expression of all opinions, even those that may be unpopular or harmful. What are your thoughts on this issue?

Conclusion:
In conclusion, advertising plays an important role in promoting smoking behavior, both positively and negatively. While anti-smoking advertisements may be effective in deterring some people from smoking, they can also have the opposite effect on others. As a result, it is essential to develop more effective anti-smoking advertisements that are tailored to specific audiences. Additionally, pro-smoking advertisements should be regulated to protect young people from their negative influence. By understanding the impact of advertising on smoking behavior, we can make informed decisions about how to promote healthy choices and reduce the prevalence of smoking.

Glossary:
- Advertisement: A public notice or promotion of a product, service, or idea.
- Cigarette: A narrow cylinder containing tobacco that is smoked in a cigarette holder.
- Nicotine: A highly addictive substance found in tobacco plants.
- Peer pressure: The influence that peers have on an individual's behavior or opinions.


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textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Coding

## Section 1: What is Coding?
Coding is the process of writing instructions for a computer to follow. These instructions are written in a language that the computer can understand, such as HTML, CSS, or Python. Coding is an essential skill for anyone who wants to work with computers or create websites, apps, or other digital products.

## Section 2: Why Learn Coding?
There are many reasons why learning coding is important. Here are a few:

1. Coding is a highly sought-after skill. Employers value people who can code because they can help businesses create websites, apps, and other digital products.

2. Coding is a fun and creative way to solve problems. Just like a puzzle, coding requires you to think logically and critically to find solutions.

3. Coding can help you understand how technology works. When you know how to code, you can better understand how websites, apps, and other digital products are created.

4. Coding can help you make a difference. You can use coding skills to create websites, apps, or other digital products that help people in your community or around the world.

## Section 3: Getting Started with Coding
If you want to learn how to code, there are many resources available online. Here are a few places to start:

1. Code.org - This website offers free coding classes for people of all ages. You can choose from courses on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and more.

2. Khan Academy - This website also offers free coding classes. You can choose from courses on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and more.

3. Codecademy - This website offers interactive coding lessons. You can choose from courses on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and more.

4. YouTube - There are many coding tutorials available on YouTube. You can search for tutorials on specific languages or topics.

## Glossary:
- HTML: Hypertext Markup Language. A language used to create web pages.
- CSS: Cascading Style Sheets. A language used to style web pages.
- JavaScript: A programming language used to create interactive web pages.
- Instructions: A set of steps that tells a computer what to do.
- Language: A set of rules that allows you to communicate with a computer.
- Syntax: The correct order of words and symbols in a language.
- Logical: Using reason and logic to solve problems.
- Critical: Thinking carefully about something before making a decision.

## Conclusion:
Learning to code is an important skill that can help you in many areas of life. Whether you want to work with computers, create websites, or make a difference in the world, coding can help you achieve your goals. With so many resources available online, there's no excuse not to get started today!


text: In March our top East Friesian ewes are selected according to their (1) confirmation and structure, (2) lambplan indexes and (3) their ability to lamb and rear multiple lambs. We then individually select sires (AI or natural) that complement each ewe. We have sourced some of the best genetics available in Australia and New Zealand with outstanding results, the modern East Friesian’s show a tougher constitution, good pigment and greater adaption to our Autralian climate.. Our rams are available through private sale all year. Commercial OR stud registered.. EAST FRIESIAN X Border Leicester Rams For SaleAugust 6, 20102010 Bendigo Sheep and Wool ShowJune 16, 2011

textbook:
Lesson: Selecting Sheep for Breeding

Introduction:
Sheep breeding is an essential part of raising healthy and productive flocks. In this lesson, we will learn about the process of selecting sheep for breeding, including the traits to consider and the methods used to improve the flock's genetics.

Section 1: Traits to Consider
When selecting sheep for breeding, there are several traits to consider. These include:

1. Confirmation and Structure: This refers to the overall shape and structure of the sheep, including its size, proportions, and general appearance. A good confirmation is important because it can affect the sheep's ability to move, reproduce, and withstand disease.

2. Lambplan Indexes: This is a measure of the sheep's genetic potential to produce lambs with desirable traits such as growth rate, carcass quality, and fleece weight. The higher the index, the better the sheep's genetic potential for producing high-quality lambs.

3. Ability to Lamb and Rear Multiple Lambs: This trait is crucial because it affects the sheep's productivity and profitability. A ewe that can lamb and rear multiple lambs successfully is more valuable than one that can only produce a single lamb.

Section 2: Selecting Sires
Once the ewes have been selected based on the above traits, the next step is to choose suitable sires. This involves selecting rams that complement the ewes in terms of their genetic potential. The sires should have traits that are complementary to those of the ewes, which will result in offspring with improved overall performance.

Section 3: Modern East Friesian Sheep
The modern East Friesian sheep has several advantages over other breeds. These include a tougher constitution, good pigment, and greater adaptation to Australian climates. This makes them ideal for breeding in Australia and New Zealand.

Conclusion:
Breeding sheep is an essential part of improving flock performance and productivity. By selecting sheep based on their confirmation and structure, lambplan indexes, and ability to lamb and rear multiple lambs, and by choosing suitable sires, breeders can improve their flock's genetics and overall performance. The modern East Friesian sheep is an excellent example of a breed that has been improved through selective breeding and is well-suited to Australian and New Zealand climates.

Glossary:
- Confirmation: The overall shape and structure of the sheep.
- Lambplan Indexes: A measure of the sheep's genetic potential to produce lambs with desirable traits.
- Ewe: A female sheep that has lambed.
- Ram: A male sheep that has not been castrated.
- Sire: The male parent of an offspring.
- Commercial: Related to or involving the buying and selling of goods and services.
- Stud: A place where animals are bred and raised.


text:
As the value and use of information continues to increase, individuals and businesses seek additional ways to process and store information. One option available to users is information handling systems. An information handling system generally processes, compiles, stores, and/or communicates information or data for business, personal, or other purposes thereby allowing users to take advantage of the value of the information. Because technology and information handling needs and requirements vary between different users or applications, information handling systems may also vary regarding what information is handled, how the information is handled, how much information is processed, stored, or communicated, and how quickly and efficiently the information may be processed, stored, or communicated. The variations in information handling systems allow for information handling systems to be general or configured for a specific user or specific use such as financial transaction processing, airline reservations, enterprise data storage, or global communications. In addition, information handling systems may include a variety of hardware and software components that may be configured to process, store, and communicate information and may include one or more computer systems, data storage systems, and networking systems.
In many computing applications, information handling systems store massive amounts of data, and such information handling systems must often be capable of providing continuity of access to such data, including access when an operating system associated with a storage array experiences fault or failure. For example, it may be desirable that such systems provide for continuity of a large bulk transfer of data even when an operating system initiating the bulk transfer has experiences a failure.

textbook:
Lesson: Information Handling Systems

**Introduction:** In today's digital age, information is crucial for businesses and individuals alike. An information handling system (IHS) is a tool that helps in processing, storing, and communicating information. This lesson will cover the basics of IHS, its types, and its applications.

**Section 1: What is an Information Handling System?**
An information handling system is a device or a set of devices that are designed to handle, process, store, and communicate information. It can be a computer, server, or any other electronic device that is capable of performing these functions.

**Section 2: Types of Information Handling Systems**
There are different types of IHS based on their capabilities and applications. Some of the most common types are:

1. Personal Computers: These are devices that are used by individuals for personal use, such as browsing the web, creating documents, or playing games.

2. Servers: These are devices that are used to store and manage large amounts of data for businesses or organizations. They can be used for tasks such as data backup, disaster recovery, and email hosting.

3. Mainframes: These are large computers that are designed to handle complex calculations and large datasets. They are commonly used by banks, insurance companies, and other financial institutions for financial transaction processing.

4. Supercomputers: These are powerful computers that are used for scientific research, weather forecasting, and other complex calculations.

**Section 3: Applications of Information Handling Systems**
Information handling systems have a wide range of applications across different industries. Some of the most common applications are:

1. Data Processing: IHS are used to process large amounts of data and convert it into useful information.

2. Data Storage: IHS are used to store large amounts of data for future use.

3. Data Communication: IHS are used to transmit data over long distances, either through wired or wireless networks.

4. Data Analysis: IHS are used to analyze large datasets to gain insights and make better decisions.

**Section 4: Conclusion**
In conclusion, an information handling system is a powerful tool that can help businesses and individuals process, store, and communicate information effectively. By understanding the different types of IHS and their applications, you can choose the right system for your needs and take advantage of the value of information.


text: life & science 10 x 30'. The award-winning series Life & Science takes an entertaining look at the work done by various scientists active in the field of biology and their positive impact on human health. The research projects featured are at the forefront of the life sciences and have led to many ground breaking innovations.. In Season 2, entitled “What we have in mind”, we explore the field of neuroscience: The nervous system and its pathologies. How do brain cells network and connect to one another? Can we re-generate tissue in the nervous system? Can we eliminate post-traumatic stress without erasing memories?. Life & Science s format combines interviews with leading scientists and patients with dramatization, animation and the most captivating cinematography.. Series : 2. Episodes : 10. Runtime : 30 mins. Definition : HD. Production Company : A Las Minas production in association with Canal 13, Chile.. YOP : 2013. Please Click Here For Sales Sheet

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Neuroscience

**Objective:** To introduce students to the field of neuroscience and its importance in understanding the nervous system and its pathologies.

**Grade Levels:** Primary through High School

**Duration:** 60 minutes

**Materials:** Whiteboard, markers, paper, pencils, computer with internet access

**Introduction:** Neuroscience is the study of the nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord. It is a multidisciplinary field that combines biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics to understand how the nervous system works and how it can be treated when it becomes diseased or injured. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of neuroscience, including the structure and function of neurons, how they communicate with each other, and how the nervous system develops and changes over time.

**Section 1: The Structure and Function of Neurons**

1. What is a neuron?
A neuron is a specialized cell that transmits information throughout the body. It has three main parts: the cell body, the dendrites, and the axon. The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles, while the dendrites receive signals from other neurons and the axon sends signals to other neurons.

2. How does a neuron communicate with other neurons?
When a neuron receives a signal from another neuron, it generates an electrical signal called an action potential. This signal travels down the axon to the synapse, where it is converted into a chemical signal called a neurotransmitter. The neurotransmitter then binds to receptors on the dendrites of the next neuron, causing it to generate its own action potential.

3. What is the difference between sensory and motor neurons?
Sensory neurons transmit information from the body's senses (such as touch, sight, and hearing) to the brain, while motor neurons transmit information from the brain to the muscles, causing them to move.

**Section 2: How Neurons Communicate with Each Other**

1. What is synaptic transmission?
Synaptic transmission is the process by which neurons communicate with each other. When an action potential reaches the synapse, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters that bind to receptors on the dendrites of the next neuron, causing it to generate its own action potential.

2. What is long-term potentiation?
Long-term potentiation is a process that strengthens the connections between neurons, making it easier for them to communicate with each other. It is thought to be an important part of learning and memory.

3. What is the difference between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters?
Excitatory neurotransmitters cause the next neuron to generate an action potential, while inhibitory neurotransmitters prevent it from doing so. This balance is important for regulating the activity of neural networks.

**Section 3: The Development and Changes of the Nervous System**

1. How does the nervous system develop during embryonic development?
During embryonic development, the nervous system begins as a simple structure called the neural plate, which eventually folds and fuses to form the brain and spinal cord.

2. What is neuroplasticity?
Neuroplasticity is the ability of the nervous system to change and adapt in response to new experiences and challenges. It is thought to be an important part of learning and recovery from injury.

3. What is epigenetics and how does it relate to the nervous system?
Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the DNA sequence itself. These changes can be influenced by environmental factors and can be passed on to future generations. Epigenetics is thought to play a role in the development and function of the nervous system.

**Conclusion:** Neuroscience is a fascinating field that seeks to understand the complex workings of the nervous system. By studying the structure and function of neurons, how they communicate with each other, and how the nervous system develops and changes over time, we can gain valuable insights into how to treat and prevent nervous system disorders.

**Glossary:**
- Neuron: A specialized cell that transmits information throughout the body
- Action potential: An electrical signal generated by a neuron when it receives a signal from another neuron
- Synapse: The space between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released and bind to receptors
- Long-term potentiation: A process that strengthens the connections between neurons
- Excitatory neurotransmitter: A neurotransmitter that causes the next neuron to generate an action potential
- Inhibitory neurotransmitter: A neurotransmitter that prevents the next neuron from generating an action potential
- Neuroplasticity: The ability of the nervous system to change and adapt in response to new experiences and challenges
- Epigenetics: Changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the DNA sequence itself.


text:
Mesquito

The Mesquito is an American sounding rocket vehicle developed for the NASA Sounding Rocket Program on Wallops Island, Virginia. The Mesquito was developed to provide rocket-borne measurements of the mesospheric region of the upper atmosphere. An area of great science interest is in the 82–95 km region, where the conventional understanding of atmospherics physics is being challenged.

The Mesquito is a two-stage sounding rocket using a  solid propellant rocket motor as the first-stage propulsion device. The non-propulsive second-stage dart contains a free-flying structural body that includes an avionics suite and an experiment space with interface.

The maiden flight occurred on 6 May 2008, from LC-2 at the Wallops Flight Facility.

Launch history

References

Category:Sounding rockets of the United States

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Sounding Rockets

### Overview

In this lesson, we will learn about sounding rockets, their purpose, and how they work. We will also explore the different parts of a sounding rocket and the importance of studying the upper atmosphere.

### Objectives

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. Define what a sounding rocket is and its purpose.
2. Identify the different parts of a sounding rocket.
3. Explain the importance of studying the upper atmosphere.
4. Understand the role of sounding rockets in atmospheric research.

### Lesson Content

**Introduction**

A sounding rocket is a type of rocket designed to take measurements and gather data while it is flying through the atmosphere. These rockets are used to study the Earth's upper atmosphere, also known as the mesosphere. The mesosphere is located between 82 and 95 kilometers above sea level and is an area of great scientific interest.

**What is a Sounding Rocket?**

A sounding rocket is a type of rocket that carries instruments designed to measure various properties of the atmosphere. These instruments can measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and other factors. The rocket collects this data during its flight and then transmits it back to Earth.

**Parts of a Sounding Rocket**

A sounding rocket typically has three main parts: the first stage, the second stage, and the payload.

1. First Stage: This is the part of the rocket that provides the thrust needed to lift off the ground. It is usually powered by a solid rocket motor.

2. Second Stage: This stage is not responsible for providing thrust. Instead, it serves as a platform for the payload to ride on.

3. Payload: This is the part of the rocket that carries the instruments needed to gather data. The payload may include sensors, cameras, and other devices that will collect information during the flight.

**Why Study the Upper Atmosphere?**

The upper atmosphere is an important part of our planet's climate system. It plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's temperature and weather patterns. By studying the upper atmosphere, scientists can better understand how it affects the rest of the Earth's atmosphere and how changes in the upper atmosphere can impact the climate.

**Role of Sounding Rockets in Atmospheric Research**

Sounding rockets play a vital role in atmospheric research. They allow scientists to gather valuable data about the upper atmosphere that would be difficult or impossible to obtain using other methods. For example, satellites can provide some information about the upper atmosphere, but they can only gather data from a fixed location. Sounding rockets, on the other hand, can fly through the atmosphere and take measurements in real-time.

**Conclusion**

In this lesson, we have learned about sounding rockets, their purpose, and how they work. We have also explored the different parts of a sounding rocket and the importance of studying the upper atmosphere. Sounding rockets play a crucial role in atmospheric research, allowing scientists to gather valuable data about the upper atmosphere that would be difficult or impossible to obtain using other methods.


text: Mon, 28 Sep | Area 41. Media Kids Beginners Group. Want to be part of a radio show recording? Media Kids together with The Most FM Radio station will be hosting a school holiday program for young broadcasters. Appropriate for 9-12 yo. Registration is Closed. Time & Location. 28 Sep 2020, 10:00 am – 29 Sep 2020, 1:30 pm. Area 41, 41 Brougham Street, Central, New Plymouth 4310, New Zealand. About the event. We share our time between Area 41 and The Most FM radio station. This experience will help your child develop research and interview techniques as well as an ability to learn and thrive in public speaking. Other learning areas include but are not limited to: -Learning the ins and outs of a radio station -Choice of audio effects and music -How to write and prepare for radio -Confidence building If you are keen on seeing your child become a little superstar please see details below. Limited spaces are available with only a group of 8-10 children ages between 8 and 12. Cost is $99 per child.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Radio Broadcasting

**Objective:** To introduce students to the basics of radio broadcasting and equip them with the necessary skills to become young broadcasters.

**Section 1: What is Radio Broadcasting?**

- Definition: Radio broadcasting is the distribution of audio signals to the public via electronic means, usually through the transmission of live or pre-recorded programs.
- Question: How does radio broadcasting work?
- Answer: Radio broadcasting involves the use of radio waves to transmit signals from a transmitter to a receiver, such as a radio or computer. These signals are then converted into sound by the receiver.

**Section 2: Skills Required for Radio Broadcasting**

- Research and interview techniques: Young broadcasters need to be able to conduct interviews with guests and gather information for their programs.
- Public speaking: They need to be confident in front of a microphone and be able to speak clearly and concisely.
- Choice of audio effects and music: Young broadcasters must know how to choose appropriate background music and sound effects to enhance their programs.
- Writing and preparing for radio: They need to be able to write scripts and prepare content that will engage their audience.

**Section 3: Practical Examples**

- Example 1: A young broadcaster interviews a local musician about their latest album. They research the musician's career, listen to their music, and prepare questions to ask during the interview.
- Example 2: A young broadcaster hosts a sports program where they discuss the latest news and events in the world of sports. They choose appropriate music and sound effects to enhance the program.
- Example 3: A young broadcaster produces a news program where they read current events and interview experts on various topics. They write scripts and prepare content that will keep their audience engaged.

**Glossary:**

- Radio waves: Electromagnetic waves that are used to transmit signals from a transmitter to a receiver.
- Transmitter: A device that sends out radio signals.
- Receiver: A device that receives and converts radio signals into sound.
- Frequency: The number of times a radio wave oscillates per second, measured in Hertz (Hz).

**Conclusion:**

In this lesson, we have learned about radio broadcasting, the skills required to be a young broadcaster, and some practical examples of what that might look like. By understanding these concepts, students can apply their skills to produce their own radio programs and become confident public speakers.


text: FEATURE STORY. The Emergence pendant by Gordon Uyehara (above) is of kiln-fired silver clay, with a pounded sterling wire piece soldered to the back for attachment to a necklace. 48.4mm x 109mm x 13.2mm. Image by Gordon Uyehara.. Carl Stanley shows you how to make Bell Earrings using metal clay in Step by Step.. A decade since metal clay was introduced to the United States, modern metal clay artists are making a dent in critical resistance.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Metal Clay Art

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Metal clay is a type of clay that contains fine particles of metal. It can be molded, shaped, and fired to create jewelry and other decorative items. The metal particles in the clay are bonded together with an organic binder, which burns away during the firing process, leaving behind solid metal objects.

### Section 2: Practical Examples

1. What is metal clay?
Metal clay is a mixture of metal particles and an organic binder that can be molded like regular clay. When the clay is fired in a kiln, the binder burns away, leaving behind solid metal objects.

2. How does metal clay differ from traditional metalworking techniques?
Traditional metalworking techniques involve melting or hammering metal into shape. Metal clay, on the other hand, allows artists to sculpt and shape metal like clay before firing it to create solid metal objects.

3. What types of metal clay are there?
There are several types of metal clay available, including silver, bronze, and copper clay. Each type has different properties and requires different firing temperatures.

4. How do you fire metal clay?
To fire metal clay, you must first prepare it by removing any excess binder and organic material. Then, you place the clay in a kiln and heat it to a specific temperature for a certain amount of time. The length of time and temperature depend on the type of metal clay being used.

5. What tools do you need to work with metal clay?
To work with metal clay, you will need a variety of tools, including a rolling pin or clay conditioner, a needle tool, a wire loop tool, a hammer, and a saw. You may also need a kiln and a digital scale to measure the clay accurately.

### Section 3: Practical Examples

6. Can you give an example of a project made with metal clay?
Sure! One popular project made with metal clay is a pendant or charm for a necklace or bracelet. Artists can use metal clay to create intricate designs and patterns, then fire the clay to create a solid metal object that can be worn as jewelry.

7. How do you create a design for a metal clay project?
Designing a metal clay project involves sketching out your idea on paper first, then using your tools to shape and sculpt the clay into your desired design. Once you're happy with your design, you can fire the clay to create a solid metal object.

8. What are some tips for working with metal clay?
Some tips for working with metal clay include:
- Wear gloves to protect your hands from the binder and organic materials in the clay.
- Use a digital scale to measure your clay accurately and avoid air bubbles.
- Allow your clay to dry completely before firing it.
- Experiment with different firing temperatures and times to achieve the desired result.

### Glossary
- Metal clay: A type of clay that contains fine particles of metal, bonded together with an organic binder.
- Binder: The organic material in metal clay that holds the metal particles together.
- Kiln: A device used to heat and fire metal clay.
- Firing: The process of heating metal clay in a kiln to remove the binder and leave behind solid metal objects.
- Sculpt: To shape and mold metal clay like clay before firing it.
- Jewelry: Decorative items made from metal clay, such as pendants, charms, and rings.

### Conclusion
Working with metal clay is a fun and creative way to make jewelry and other decorative items. By understanding the theoretical concepts, practicing with different tools and techniques, and following safety precautions, you can create beautiful pieces of art using metal clay.


text: The June 28-29 meeting of the G-20 meeting in Osaka, Japan, will provide “the perfect opportunity” for the two countries to make “a return to serious and professional negotiations and an immediate de-escalation of the public blame game,” wrote Timothy Stratford, chairman of the American Chamber of Commerce (AmCham) in China, in an open letter published on the chamber’s website.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding International Relations and Diplomacy

**Introduction**

International relations and diplomacy are essential aspects of global politics. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of international relations and diplomacy, the role of organizations like the G-20, and how they impact global economies and trade.

**Section 1: What is International Relations and Diplomacy?**

International relations refer to the relationships and interactions between countries, while diplomacy is the art of managing these relationships. Both international relations and diplomacy play a crucial role in maintaining peace and stability worldwide.

**Section 2: The Role of Organizations like the G-20**

The G-20 is an intergovernmental forum comprising 20 countries, including both developed and developing nations. It plays a vital role in global economic governance, promoting international financial stability, and addressing global economic challenges.

**Section 3: Impact of the G-20 on Global Economies and Trade**

The G-20 meetings provide a platform for leaders to discuss global economic issues, such as trade, investment, and sustainable development. These discussions help shape international economic policies, which can have a significant impact on global economies and trade.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

In conclusion, international relations and diplomacy are essential tools for maintaining peace and stability worldwide. Organizations like the G-20 play a crucial role in addressing global economic challenges and shaping international economic policies. By understanding the importance of international relations and diplomacy, we can better appreciate the complexities of global politics and the efforts being made to promote peace and prosperity.

**Glossary**

- G-20: An intergovernmental forum comprising 20 countries, including both developed and developing nations.
- International relations: The relationships and interactions between countries.
- Diplomacy: The art of managing international relationships.

**Self-Debate Discussion**

What role do you think international organizations like the G-20 play in promoting global peace and stability? Do you think international relations and diplomacy are effective tools for addressing global economic challenges? Why or why not?

**Assessment**

1. What is the definition of international relations?
2. What is the role of the G-20 in global economies and trade?
3. How does diplomacy relate to international relations?
4. Can you give an example of how the G-20 has impacted global economies and trade?