text:
I'm overhauling the PTO take off shaft and housing and want to replace the bearings but have come across something I've not seen before. When I measure the bearing (main front end roller) it is 44.5 mm wide by 14mm deep with a centre of 19mm for the shaft. When I look for this size in the UK bearing suppliers charts I cannot find a match. There are also signs that there is a gap (assuming the current bearing is correct) between the bearing and the main circlip retaining the main bearing of 3.5mm.

Referring to the parts list it shows a seal of a design that cannot possibly be correct for 3.5mm.

Can anyone throw any light on what the correct bearing size should be .

The front bearing (Bolens part # 1185605) is a pretty common 6203 series bearing. You should be able to easily source a SKF 6203-ZZ bearing or equivalent. Just remove one seal to match the OEM bearing so you can grease it. Not sure that I follow you on the "gap" problem you have. Are you missing the 1721590 nylon seal washer out front? Also, the 1185649 retaining rings are not a standard hardware size. They are 0.080" thick (or 2.01mm) Here is a good look at the part diagram. Make sure that everything is installed exactly as it is shown in the diagram.

Edit for correction: Correct bearing is a 1635-2RS with one seal removed.

As ClassicBolens said, it's a common size bearing, but it's an inch-series bearing, not Metric. It should be 1.75" OD x 0.75" ID x 0.50" thick. It should have a seal on one side only, as the PTO is lubed with grease via a Zerk fitting on the side of the housing. The sealed side of the bearing should face out and the open side in.

Thanks for the replies guys. I searched the sites for the given SKF number and the sizes don't tie up plus the given assembly diagram. Based on the assembly diagram the outer nylon seal would seat on the bearing circling which from a base engineering principle cannot be true. No engineer would specify that a nylon outer seal would face against a circling.

SKF 6203 ZZ does not correlate to the required size and when I search in imperial the searches come up as not found.

HOwever all is not lost, I have found a housing seal on e bay today so just hope the P&P charges are ok. Have also rejuvenated the main bearing by soaking in penetrating oils for 24hrs and then spinning up with an air blower re cleaning and repacking with grease.

Assembly sequence and bearing dimensions still don't make any sense though !

Thanks for the replies guys. I searched the sites for the given SKF number and the sizes don't tie up plus the given assembly diagram. Based on the assembly diagram the outer nylon seal would seat on the bearing circling which from a base engineering principle cannot be true. No engineer would specify that a nylon outer seal would face against a circling.

SKF 6203 ZZ does not correlate to the required size and when I search in imperial the searches come up as not found.

HOwever all is not lost, I have found a housing seal on e bay today so just hope the P&P charges are ok. Have also rejuvenated the main bearing by soaking in penetrating oils for 24hrs and then spinning up with an air blower re cleaning and repacking with grease.

Assembly sequence and bearing dimensions still don't make any sense though !

Thanks for the replies.

My apologies. The 6203 bearing is wrong. That's what I get for going from memory (which I think is slowly fading)

The assembly goes together just as it is shown in the diagram, with the exception of the large internal retaining ring. It holds the ball bearing in place, then the seal washer goes on (heat it in boiling water to assist installation) then the 1185649 retaining ring holds it in place.

The assembly goes together just as it is shown in the diagram, with the exception of the large internal retaining ring. It holds the ball bearing in place, then the seal washer goes on (heat it in boiling water to assist installation) then the 1185649 retaining ring holds it in place.

Thanks for that. I've ordered the bearing now from Simply bearings, that's who I normally use. The diagram is somewhat misleading as it indicates the large circlip goes on top of the nylon seal. I had worked it out that it could not possibly be as shown. As it happens Rick had a seal for sale so have bought that.

When I'm overseas next I'll get a load of them made as they seem quite rare.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Replace Bearings in a PTO Take Off Shaft and Housing

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to replace bearings in a PTO Take Off shaft and housing. We will cover the steps involved in replacing the bearings, the tools and materials needed, and the importance of measuring and selecting the correct bearing size. We will also discuss some common issues that may arise during the process and how to troubleshoot them.

Section 1: Overview of the Process

Replacing bearings in a PTO Take Off shaft and housing involves several steps. These include disassembling the shaft, removing the old bearings, measuring the shaft for the correct bearing size, purchasing the correct bearing size, assembling the shaft with the new bearings, and testing the operation of the shaft.

Section 2: Tools and Materials Needed

To replace bearings in a PTO Take Off shaft and housing, you will need the following tools and materials:

- Shaft disassembly tools (e.g., puller or press)
- Bearing removal tools (e.g., bearing puller)
- New bearings (same size as the old ones)
- Shaft measuring tool (e.g., micrometer)
- Shaft assembly tools (e.g., hammer and punch)
- Lubricant (e.g., grease)

Section 3: Measuring the Correct Bearing Size

Measuring the correct bearing size is crucial to ensure that the new bearings fit properly in the shaft. To do this, use a shaft measuring tool (e.g., micrometer) to measure the width and depth of the shaft at the location where the bearings will be installed. Compare these measurements to the specifications of the new bearings to ensure that they are the correct size.

Section 4: Selecting the Correct Bearing Size

If you are unsure about the correct bearing size, refer to the parts list or consult with a professional. In this case, the front bearing (Bolens part # 1185605) is a pretty common 6203 series bearing. You should be able to easily source a SKF 6203-ZZ bearing or equivalent. Just remove one seal to match the OEM bearing so you can grease it.

Section 5: Installing the New Bearings

Once you have selected the correct bearing size, assemble the shaft with the new bearings using shaft assembly tools (e.g., hammer and punch). Apply lubricant (e.g., grease) to the bearings before installing them. Be sure to install the bearings in the correct order and orientation to ensure proper operation of the shaft.

Section 6: Troubleshooting Common Issues

Some common issues that may arise during the process include incorrect bearing size, improper installation of bearings, and insufficient lubrication. To troubleshoot these issues, double-check your measurements and ensure that you have selected the correct bearing size. If the bearings are not installing properly, consult the parts list or consult with a professional. Finally, if the shaft is not operating properly after installation, check the lubrication and ensure that it has been applied correctly.

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we have learned how to replace bearings in a PTO Take Off shaft and housing. We covered the steps involved in replacing the bearings, the tools and materials needed, and the importance of measuring and selecting the correct bearing size. We also discussed some common issues that may arise during the process and how to troubleshoot them. By following these steps, you can successfully replace bearings in a PTO Take Off shaft and housing.


text: Sweating is like taking a nice shower, except the water is coming from inside of you. Let it out with this Groupon.. Choose from Three Options. - $29 for 8 classes (a $64 value). - $39 for 12 classes (a $96 value). - $49 for 16 classes (a $128 value). Instructors lead group fitness classes in Zumba, Bokwa, Barre Concept, yoga, and Pilates and also teach jazz, salsa, ballet, and belly-dancing... Tips. 93% of 15 customers recommend. “enthusiastic teacher and good zumba class! I recommend highly.”. “The Zumba class was great high energy and the classes were small groups. I loved it and would buy a membership after this groupon ”. “Verty friendly, every motivating and motivated teachers”. - A. 2342 Dufferin St.. Toronto, ON M6E 3S4Get Directions

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson Title: Sweating and Group Fitness Classes

Introduction:
Sweating is a natural process that helps regulate body temperature and remove waste products from the body. In this lesson, we will learn about sweating and group fitness classes, which can help you stay active and healthy.

Section 1: Sweating

**Theory:** Sweating is the process by which the body releases water and salts through the skin's sweat glands. This process helps to cool down the body when it gets too hot and also helps to remove waste products from the body.

**Practice:** As you exercise or work out, your body produces more heat, and your heart rate increases. This causes your body to sweat more to cool itself down. When you sweat, you lose water and salts, so it's essential to replenish them by drinking water and consuming salty foods.

**Example:** Imagine you're playing basketball for an hour. Your body will produce a lot of heat, and you will start to sweat. To avoid dehydration, you should drink water during the game and consume salty foods like pretzels or chips after the game to replace the lost salts.

Section 2: Group Fitness Classes

**Theory:** Group fitness classes are workouts led by instructors who teach various types of exercises such as Zumba, Bokwa, Barre Concept, yoga, and Pilates. These classes can help you stay active, improve your cardiovascular health, and build strength and flexibility.

**Practice:** Attending group fitness classes can be a fun way to stay active and meet new people. You can choose from different types of classes, such as Zumba, which incorporates dance moves into a workout routine, or Bokwa, which uses simple dance moves to create an aerobic workout.

**Example:** Let's say you decide to take a Zumba class. The instructor will lead the class in a series of dance moves that are easy to follow. You'll get your heart rate up, improve your coordination, and have a lot of fun all at the same time!

Section 3: Benefits of Group Fitness Classes

**Theory:** Group fitness classes offer several benefits, including improved cardiovascular health, increased strength and flexibility, and better mental health.

**Practice:** By attending group fitness classes regularly, you can improve your overall fitness level and feel more confident in your abilities. You'll also have the opportunity to meet new people and make friends who share your interests.

**Example:** Imagine you attend a yoga class every week. Over time, you'll notice that you're becoming more flexible and relaxed. You'll also find that your stress levels decrease as you learn to focus on your breath and let go of worries.

Glossary:
- Sweat glands: Small glands in the skin that produce sweat.
- Dehydration: A condition where the body loses too much water and electrolytes.
- Cardiovascular health: The health of the heart and blood vessels.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about sweating and its importance in maintaining our bodies' health. We also learned about group fitness classes and their benefits. By attending these classes, we can improve our cardiovascular health, increase our strength and flexibility, and reduce stress. So, why not try a group fitness class today? You might discover a new passion and make some great friends along the way!


text: Health & Safety Awareness – Level suitable for candidates who require a course in health and safety awareness and will provide a basic knowledge and understanding of all the various aspects of health and safety within the workplace.. This course is also ideal for organisations who wish to provide annual refresher/update training for their employees.. Course contents. - Health and safety law. - Importance of health & safety. - Employer & employee responsibilities. - Causes of workplace accidents. - Risk assessments. - Accident reporting. - Workplace equipment. - First Aid. - Infection control. - Slips, Trips & Falls. - PPE Electricity. - VDU workstation safety. - Manual handling.

textbook:
Lesson 1: Introduction to Health and Safety
Objective: By the end of this lesson, students will be able to understand the importance of health and safety in the workplace and identify their responsibilities as employees.

**Section 1: Health and Safety Law**
- What is health and safety law?
- Why is it important in the workplace?
- Who enforces health and safety law?
- What are the consequences of not following health and safety law?

**Section 2: Importance of Health and Safety**
- What is the importance of health and safety in the workplace?
- How does it affect employees and employers?
- What are the benefits of having a safe and healthy work environment?

**Section 3: Employer and Employee Responsibilities**
- What are the responsibilities of employers regarding health and safety?
- What are the responsibilities of employees regarding health and safety?
- How can both parties work together to ensure a safe and healthy work environment?

**Section 4: Causes of Workplace Accidents**
- What are the common causes of workplace accidents?
- How can these accidents be prevented?
- What should employees do if they witness an unsafe situation in the workplace?

**Section 5: Risk Assessments**
- What is a risk assessment?
- Why is it important in the workplace?
- How can employees contribute to risk assessments?

**Section 6: Accident Reporting**
- What is accident reporting?
- Why is it important in the workplace?
- How should accidents be reported?

**Section 7: Workplace Equipment**
- What is workplace equipment?
- Why is it important in the workplace?
- How should workplace equipment be maintained?

**Section 8: First Aid**
- What is first aid?
- Why is it important in the workplace?
- Who is responsible for providing first aid in the workplace?

**Section 9: Infection Control**
- What is infection control?
- Why is it important in the workplace?
- How can employees prevent the spread of infections in the workplace?

**Section 10: Slips, Trips & Falls**
- What are slips, trips, and falls?
- Why are they dangerous in the workplace?
- How can employees prevent slips, trips, and falls?

**Section 11: PPE**
- What is PPE?
- Why is it important in the workplace?
- When should PPE be used?

**Section 12: Electricity**
- What is electricity?
- Why is it dangerous in the workplace?
- How can employees prevent electrical hazards in the workplace?

**Section 13: VDU Workstation Safety**
- What is VDU workstation safety?
- Why is it important in the workplace?
- How can employees prevent VDU-related injuries in the workplace?

**Section 14: Manual Handling**
- What is manual handling?
- Why is it dangerous in the workplace?
- How can employees prevent manual handling injuries in the workplace?

Glossary:
- Health and safety law: Legislation that sets out the minimum standards for health and safety in the workplace.
- Employer: A person or organization that employs one or more people.
- Employee: A person who works for another person or organization, usually in exchange for payment.
- Responsibility: The obligation to do something or to behave in a certain way.
- Accident: An unexpected and unintended event that results in injury or damage.
- Risk assessment: A process of evaluating the risks associated with a particular task or activity and determining the necessary precautions to minimize those risks.
- Accident reporting: The process of documenting accidents and near-misses in the workplace.
- Workplace equipment: Tools, machinery, and other items used in the workplace to perform tasks.
- First aid: Emergency medical care given to someone who is injured or suddenly becomes ill.
- Infection control: Practices and procedures designed to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
- Slips, trips, and falls: Unintentional injuries caused by slipping, tripping, or falling on a slippery or uneven surface.
- Personal protective equipment (PPE): Equipment worn by employees to protect them from hazards in the workplace.
- Electricity: A form of energy that flows through the movement of electrons and is used to power machines and devices.
- VDU workstation safety: Measures taken to prevent injuries related to the use of video display units (VDUs) such as computers and smartphones.
- Manual handling: The movement of heavy or bulky objects by hand.

Conclusion: By completing this lesson, students will have a better understanding of health and safety in the workplace and their responsibilities as employees. They will be able to identify potential hazards and take steps to prevent accidents and injuries. They will also know how to report accidents and work with their employers to create a safe and healthy work environment.


text: These trays are shipping from the US and will require a longer wait time to arrive. Please allow 4-6 weeks for delivery.. Our Banana Leaf 10 inch x 20 inch Lacquer Serving Tray is a modern and bold piece of art, featuring a large, tropical leaf in darkest blue on off-white. This rectangular lacquer tray is as beautiful as it is durable, and its chic color palette makes it a versatile addition to any home decor.. - 10 inches x 20 inches. - high gloss lacquer finish. - makes a great gift. - heat, water, and alcohol resistant. - glossy lacquer finish

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Shipping and Delivery Times

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
In this lesson, we will learn about shipping and delivery times. We will cover the following concepts:

1. What is shipping?
2. What is a delivery time?
3. How do shipping and delivery times affect e-commerce businesses?

## Section 2: Practical Examples
Let's consider an example of a company that sells home decor items online. They receive an order for a banana leaf-themed serving tray from a customer in New York City. The tray is made in China and needs to be shipped to the US. The customer wants to know how long it will take to receive their order.

The company checks their inventory and finds that they have the tray in stock. They then check with their shipping partner and find out that it will take 4-6 weeks for the tray to arrive in New York City. The company updates the customer with this information and tells them that their order is on its way.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Now let's consider another scenario. A customer in Los Angeles orders a set of glassware from an online store. The store is located in California, so the glassware doesn't need to be shipped from far away. The customer wants to know how long it will take to receive their order.

The store checks their inventory and finds that the glassware is in stock. They tell the customer that it will take 2-3 days for the glassware to arrive in Los Angeles. The customer is happy with this information and places their order.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about shipping and delivery times. We covered theoretical concepts such as what shipping is and how it affects e-commerce businesses. We also looked at practical examples and real-world scenarios to see how shipping and delivery times work in practice. By understanding these concepts, we can apply them to our own lives when ordering products online.


text: Accounting & Tax Consulting in Brazil. Our mission is to enhance our customers’ businesses through the incorporation of our accounting services in Brazil. Our main services are business setup, book keeping, accounting, audit, tax, labor & human resources (social insurance and payroll), and outsourcing. Furthermore, we provide consulting and advising services in various types of businesses and industries for foreign and prospective entities setting business in Brazil. Brazil. Throughout the wide range of services we provide, our commitment to our clients is absolute, and we focus on providing additional value to every engagement. It is our ultimate goal and wishes that our clients become increasingly successful, and contribute to society in an effective way through our support.

textbook:
**Title: Introduction to Accounting Services in Brazil**

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of accounting services in Brazil and their importance in business management.

**Section 1: Introduction**

Accounting is the process of recording, summarizing, and interpreting financial transactions to provide valuable information to businesses. In Brazil, accounting services play a crucial role in enhancing the success of businesses by helping them manage their finances effectively.

**Section 2: Importance of Accounting Services**

Accounting services are essential for businesses as they help in tracking financial transactions, monitoring cash flow, and analyzing financial performance. This information is vital for making informed decisions about investments, budgeting, and future planning. Additionally, accounting services help businesses comply with legal and regulatory requirements, avoid penalties, and minimize tax liabilities.

**Section 3: Types of Accounting Services**

There are several types of accounting services available in Brazil, including bookkeeping, financial statement preparation, tax planning and compliance, auditing, and consulting. Each service caters to specific business needs and helps in achieving different objectives.

**Section 4: Example of Accounting Services**

Let's consider a hypothetical scenario where a small business owner in Brazil wants to expand their business but is unsure about the financial implications. An accountant can help the business owner by analyzing financial data, projecting future cash flow, and identifying potential risks. Based on this information, the business owner can make informed decisions about investments, pricing, and marketing strategies.

**Section 5: Conclusion**

In conclusion, accounting services are essential for businesses in Brazil as they help in managing finances effectively, complying with legal requirements, and making informed decisions. By understanding the different types of accounting services and their benefits, business owners can choose the services that best suit their needs and achieve their goals.

**Glossary:**
- Accounting: The process of recording, summarizing, and interpreting financial transactions.
- Bookkeeping: The process of recording financial transactions.
- Financial Statement Preparation: The process of preparing financial statements that provide information about a business's financial performance.
- Tax Planning and Compliance: The process of planning and implementing tax strategies to minimize tax liabilities and comply with legal requirements.
- Auditing: The process of examining financial records to ensure accuracy and compliance with legal requirements.
- Consulting: The process of providing expert advice and guidance on financial matters.

**End**


text:
A new musical group is using a sacred symbol of Zia Pueblo without the New Mexico tribe's permission.

Bad Suns features the Zia symbol on its forthcoming album,
Language & Perspective.
Gov. David Pino said the tribe deserves compensation for the unauthorized use.

"We like for them to ask they use permission and if they could donate money to the scholarship fund," Pino told KOAT, referring to other situations in which commercial entities and others have used the symbol with consent.

A representative of the band claims the image on the forthcoming album is not the same as the Zia symbol even though they are nearly identical.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Intellectual Property Rights and Cultural Appropriation

Introduction:
Intellectual property rights refer to the legal protection granted to creations of the mind such as artistic works, inventions, designs, and symbols. Cultural appropriation, on the other hand, refers to the adoption or borrowing of elements from one culture by members of another culture. This lesson will explore the concept of intellectual property rights and cultural appropriation through the example of a music group using a sacred symbol of Zia Pueblo without permission.

Section 1: The Concept of Intellectual Property Rights
Intellectual property rights are granted to protect the original work of an individual or a group. These rights give the creator exclusive control over the use or exploitation of their work. Intellectual property rights can be divided into two categories: industrial property rights and copyright. Industrial property rights include patents, trademarks, and industrial designs while copyright includes literary and artistic works, sound recordings, and broadcasts.

Section 2: The Concept of Cultural Appropriation
Cultural appropriation refers to the adoption or borrowing of elements from one culture by members of another culture. This can include music, dance, clothing, and symbols. Cultural appropriation can be seen as a form of exploitation when elements of one culture are used without understanding or respect for the original culture.

Section 3: The Case of Bad Suns and the Zia Symbol
In this case, the music group Bad Suns used a sacred symbol of Zia Pueblo without permission. The tribe of Zia Pueblo was not consulted or compensated for the use of their symbol. This is an example of cultural appropriation as the music group did not respect the cultural significance of the symbol.

Section 4: Discussion Questions
1. What are some examples of intellectual property rights?
2. How does cultural appropriation differ from cultural exchange?
3. Why is it important to respect cultural symbols and traditions?

Section 5: Conclusion
Intellectual property rights and cultural appropriation are important concepts to understand. By respecting intellectual property rights and cultural traditions, we can prevent exploitation and promote understanding and respect between cultures.


text:
Anthropometric standards for term neonates.
32 anthropometric measurements have been carried out (within 48 h of birth) on 106 full-term normal neonates. Trunk and limb parameters are considered and the results presented as mean values with standard deviations. Comparison with previously published standards, where available, showed good agreement. Both sides of the body were measured but no significant difference was found overall between values for left and right sides of the body. The effect of gender on each measurement was also considered with females having significantly smaller head circumferences and head lengths and larger upper leg lengths.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Measurements and Statistics

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of measurements and statistics in real-world scenarios.

**Grade Level:** Primary - High School

**Duration:** 45 minutes

**Materials:** Whiteboard, markers, paper, pencils

**Introduction:** Measurements and statistics are essential tools used in various fields, including science, engineering, and medicine. In this lesson, we will learn about different types of measurements, statistical methods, and their applications in real-world scenarios.

**Section 1: Types of Measurements**

Measurements are the process of assigning numbers to objects or events. There are two main types of measurements: continuous and discrete.

**Continuous Measurements:** Continuous measurements represent quantities that can take any value within a range, such as weight, height, and temperature. For example, a person's weight can be 50 kg or 50.01 kg.

**Discrete Measurements:** Discrete measurements represent quantities that can only take specific values, such as the number of students in a class or the color of a car.

**Section 2: Statistical Methods**

Statistical methods are techniques used to analyze and interpret data. There are two main types of statistical methods: descriptive and inferential.

**Descriptive Statistics:** Descriptive statistics describe the main features of a dataset using measures such as mean, median, mode, range, and standard deviation.

**Inferential Statistics:** Inferential statistics involve making predictions or inferences about a population based on a sample. Common techniques include hypothesis testing, correlation, and regression analysis.

**Section 3: Applications of Measurements and Statistics**

Measurements and statistics are used in various fields to solve real-world problems. Here are some examples:

**Medicine:** Doctors use measurements to diagnose diseases, monitor patient progress, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments.

**Engineering:** Engineers use measurements to design and test products, ensure quality control, and optimize performance.

**Agriculture:** Farmers use measurements to determine crop yields, assess soil quality, and evaluate the impact of weather conditions on crops.

**Conclusion:** In this lesson, we learned about the importance of measurements and statistics in various fields. We also explored the different types of measurements and statistical methods. By understanding these concepts, we can apply them to new problems and make informed decisions.

**Glossary:**
- Measurement: The process of assigning numbers to objects or events.
- Continuous Measurements: Measurements that can take any value within a range.
- Discrete Measurements: Measurements that can only take specific values.
- Statistical Methods: Techniques used to analyze and interpret data.
- Descriptive Statistics: Measures that describe the main features of a dataset.
- Inferential Statistics: Techniques that involve making predictions or inferences about a population based on a sample.


text: We use cookies to make your experience better.To comply with the new e-Privacy directive, we need to ask for your consent to set the cookies. Learn more.. Wine Enthusiast. 95/100. International Wine Challenge Gold. 2017. 2014 Quinta do Noval red 1,5L. ID: 6060104. €108.40. Description. Quinta do Noval is distinguished by the beauty of its terraces, its house, its warehouse and its typical mills, which are still in current use. First referenced in 1715, the Quinta do Noval was acquired in 1894 by António José da Silva, that developed the quinta during three decades. Their descendants (recently, the family van Zeller) retained the quinta until 1993, the year that was acquired by AXA. In 1997, the Quinta do Noval pioneered to centralize all its activities in the DouroValley, rather than in Vila Nova de Gaia. The wine Quinta do Noval Nacional 1963, produced in this vineyards and mills, was elected by Wine Spectator, as one of the 12 best wines of the XX century.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read Wine Reviews and Understand Wine Labels

Introduction:
Wine is a popular beverage enjoyed by millions of people worldwide. However, with so many different types of wine available, it can be challenging to know where to start when choosing a bottle. In this lesson, we will learn how to read wine reviews and understand wine labels to help us make informed decisions about which wine to purchase.

Section 1: Reading Wine Reviews

Topic 1: Understanding Wine Reviews
- Wine reviews are opinions written by wine critics or experts who have tasted and evaluated a specific wine.
- These reviews can provide valuable insights into the quality, taste, and characteristics of a wine.
- Wine reviews can be found in magazines, newspapers, online platforms, or on the back of wine bottles.

Topic 2: Analyzing Wine Reviews
- When reading a wine review, pay attention to the score given by the critic. This score can range from 50 to 100 points.
- Higher scores indicate a higher quality wine, but the exact meaning of each point value may vary depending on the critic.
- In addition to the score, read the tasting notes to understand the critic's opinion on the wine's flavor, aroma, and overall impression.

Topic 3: Using Wine Reviews to Make Purchasing Decisions
- Look for wines with high scores and positive reviews from multiple critics.
- Consider the price of the wine and whether it is worth the cost based on the review.
- Use the tasting notes to determine if the wine's characteristics align with your personal preferences.

Section 2: Understanding Wine Labels

Topic 1: Key Elements of a Wine Label
- The name of the wine (e.g., "Château Margaux")
- The appellation (e.g., "Bordeaux")
- The vintage year (e.g., "2018")
- The alcohol content (e.g., "14%")
- The producer or brand (e.g., "Domaines Barons de Rothschild")
- The classification (if applicable, e.g., "First Growth")

Topic 2: Understanding Wine Labels Abbreviations
- AVA (American Viticultural Area): Indicates the geographical location where the grapes were grown.
- ABV (Alcohol by Volume): Indicates the percentage of alcohol in the wine.
- DOC/DOP (Denominazione di Origine Controllata/Denominación de Origen Protegida): Indicates that the wine meets certain quality standards specific to the region.
- IBC (Individual Berry Composition): Indicates the proportion of different grape varieties used in the blend.

Topic 3: Using Wine Labels to Make Purchasing Decisions
- Look for wines from reputable producers or with high ratings from critics.
- Consider the appellation and vintage year to determine the wine's age and quality.
- Compare the alcohol content to ensure it fits within your personal preference.
- Check for any special designations or classifications that indicate high quality.

Glossary:
- Appellation: A specific geographical area where grapes are grown and used to produce wine.
- Blend: A wine made from multiple grape varieties.
- Critic: A wine expert who evaluates and rates wines.
- Tasting Notes: A description of the wine's flavor, aroma, and overall impression.

Conclusion:
By understanding how to read wine reviews and interpret wine labels, we can make informed decisions about which wines to purchase. This knowledge will allow us to enjoy high-quality wines that align with our personal preferences and budget.


text: .. Update as of October 27, 2020: Financial assistance in the form of grants from $500 to $5,000 is now available, with the average grant estimated to be $1,500. Applications received by the 5th of each month will be reviewed by the staff and Advisory Panel on a monthly basis. Grants will be awarded to applicants with the greatest need based on the information provided, and the amount of the grant will be determined by the number of applications received. Previous funding will be taken into account when distributing grants.. While this is a critical time for many in the community, we hope to provide assistance to as many of our colleagues as the funding allows.. For grants awarded over $500, receipts or other supporting paperwork will be requested from the applicant for payment to be dispersed.. To apply for emergency relief related to COVID-19, click here.. You can also find answers to our frequently asked questions here.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Financial Assistance Programs

Introduction:
Financial assistance programs are designed to help individuals and communities in need. These programs provide support to those who cannot afford basic necessities or require additional resources to improve their quality of life. In this lesson, we will explore the different types of financial assistance programs, their eligibility criteria, and the application process.

Section 1: Types of Financial Assistance Programs

Topic 1: Grants
Grants are a type of financial assistance that does not require repayment. They are usually awarded based on financial need or merit and can be used for various purposes such as education, housing, or medical expenses.

Topic 2: Loans
Loans are a type of financial assistance that must be repaid with interest. They can be used for various purposes such as starting a business, purchasing a home, or paying for college tuition.

Topic 3: Scholarships
Scholarships are a type of financial assistance that does not require repayment and are awarded based on academic achievement, talent, or other criteria. They can be used for various purposes such as education, research, or travel.

Section 2: Eligibility Criteria

Topic 1: Financial Need
Financial need is a critical factor in determining eligibility for most financial assistance programs. Applicants must demonstrate that they cannot afford the necessary expenses without external support.

Topic 2: Citizenship or Residency Status
Some financial assistance programs are only available to citizens or residents of a particular country or region. Applicants must provide proof of their citizenship or residency status to be eligible for these programs.

Topic 3: Age Requirements
Some financial assistance programs have age requirements that applicants must meet. For example, some scholarship programs may only be available to students under a certain age.

Section 3: Application Process

Topic 1: Completing the Application Form
The application process for financial assistance programs typically involves filling out an application form. This form may ask for personal information, financial data, and other relevant details.

Topic 2: Submitting Supporting Documents
Applicants may be required to submit supporting documents such as tax returns, bank statements, or letters of recommendation to verify the information provided in the application form.

Topic 3: Interviews and Assessments
Some financial assistance programs may require applicants to attend interviews or undergo assessments to determine their eligibility. These may include psychometric tests, essay writing, or skill-based evaluations.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding financial assistance programs is essential for individuals and communities in need. By exploring the different types of financial assistance programs, their eligibility criteria, and the application process, we can make informed decisions about applying for these programs. Remember to carefully read the guidelines, complete all required forms, and provide all necessary documentation to increase your chances of success.

Glossary:
- Financial assistance: Aid provided to individuals or communities in need
- Grants: Financial assistance that does not require repayment
- Loans: Financial assistance that must be repaid with interest
- Scholarships: Financial assistance that does not require repayment and is awarded based on academic achievement, talent, or other criteria.


text: JD.com, one China’s largest online retailers and tech companies has kicked off its drone delivery service. The program is starting with trials to rural areas in Beijing, Jiangsu, Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces.. Although still a trial, JD is already delivery ‘live’ packages to real consumers, which puts it far ahead of companies like Amazon and Walmart who have invested millions into drone deliveries but are still largely hampered by FAA regulations.. JD worked with more receptive Chinese officials to get permission to start their delivery program with 30 drones that can deliver packages of up to 15 kilograms within a range of 50 kilometers.. With billions of dollars in sales a year, JD is poised to be a major player in the drone delivery business. American companies have a lot to learn from JD and should carefully observe how they roll out their plan. By the end of this year, JD plans to expand their current trial to over 100 operational routes throughout China.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Drone Delivery Services

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Drone delivery services refer to the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to transport goods from one place to another. These services have gained popularity in recent years due to their potential benefits such as faster delivery times, reduced costs, and increased efficiency. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of drone delivery services, including their history, how they work, and the benefits they offer.

## Section 2: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios
One of the most well-known companies involved in drone delivery services is JD.com, a Chinese online retailer. JD started its drone delivery service in 2016 and has since made significant progress in this area. For instance, in 2018, JD successfully delivered a package weighing 5 kilograms using a drone that flew at an altitude of 2,000 meters. This delivery set a new world record for the longest commercial drone flight.

Another example of a company using drone delivery services is Amazon, which has been testing its Prime Air service since 2013. In 2019, Amazon received approval from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to begin drone deliveries in the United States. However, Amazon's drone delivery service is still in its early stages, and it has yet to make any commercial deliveries.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions
One of the challenges facing drone delivery services is ensuring their safety. For instance, drones need to avoid collisions with other aircraft, birds, and obstacles such as power lines and trees. Additionally, there are concerns about the security of packages being delivered by drones, particularly if they contain sensitive information or valuable items.

Another challenge is the cost of developing and operating drone delivery services. While drones can be cheaper than traditional delivery methods in the long run, the initial investment required to set up a drone delivery service can be significant. This includes costs associated with purchasing drones, developing software and algorithms, and obtaining necessary permits and certifications.

## Glossary
- Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV): An aircraft without a human pilot on board
- Drone delivery service: A service that uses UAVs to transport goods
- Federal Aviation Administration (FAA): The government agency responsible for regulating aviation in the United States

## Conclusion
Drone delivery services offer several benefits, including faster delivery times, reduced costs, and increased efficiency. Companies such as JD and Amazon are leading the way in this area, and it is likely that we will see more widespread adoption of drone delivery services in the coming years. As with any new technology, there are challenges to overcome, but the potential benefits make it worth exploring further.


text: No person himself or by his servant or agent shall, for the purpose of sale or exchange, add any fat or oil other than milk fat to or blend or compound the same with any milk, cream or skimmed milk, whether or not condensed, evaporated, concentrated, powdered, dried or desiccated, nor shall any person himself or by his servant or agent sell any milk, cream or skimmed milk in any of the aforesaid forms to which has been added or with which has been blended or compounded any fat or oil other than milk fat.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Food Labels

Introduction:
Food labels provide important information about the food we eat. They tell us what is in our food, how much of each ingredient is present, and other useful information such as the expiration date. However, understanding the labels can be challenging, especially when it comes to understanding the ingredients list and their meanings. In this lesson, we will learn about the different types of food labels, what they mean, and how to read them.

Section 1: Understanding Food Labels

**Topic 1: Types of Food Labels**

There are two main types of food labels: the Nutrition Facts panel and the Ingredients list.

The Nutrition Facts panel provides information about the food, such as the serving size, calories, total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and sugar. This information helps us make healthier choices when shopping for food.

The Ingredients list provides a list of all the ingredients used in the food product, listed in descending order of weight. This list helps us identify any allergens or unwanted ingredients that may be present in the food.

**Topic 2: Reading the Nutrition Facts Panel**

The Nutrition Facts panel provides important information about the food product. Here are some tips on how to read and understand the information provided:

- Serving Size: This is the amount of food that the nutrition information is based on. It is usually given in grams (g) or milliliters (mL).
- Calories: This is the number of calories in one serving of the food.
- Percent Daily Value (%DV): This tells us how much of a nutrient we get from one serving of the food compared to the daily recommended amount. For example, if the %DV for sodium is 20%, it means that one serving of the food contains 20% of the daily recommended amount of sodium.
- Total Fat, Saturated Fat, Trans Fat, Cholesterol, and Sodium: These are the amounts of these nutrients in one serving of the food.
- Total Carbohydrates, Dietary Fiber, and Sugar: These are the amounts of these nutrients in one serving of the food.

**Topic 3: Reading the Ingredients List**

The Ingredients list provides a list of all the ingredients used in the food product, listed in descending order of weight. Here are some tips on how to read and understand the information provided:

- Identify the main ingredient: The first ingredient listed is the main ingredient in the food product.
- Look for allergens: If you have food allergies, look for any of the top eight allergens (milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, and soybeans) in the list.
- Look for unwanted ingredients: If you want to avoid certain ingredients, such as artificial colors or preservatives, look for them in the list.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the different types of food labels and how to read and understand them. By understanding the Nutrition Facts panel and the Ingredients list, we can make healthier choices when shopping for food. We can also identify any allergens or unwanted ingredients that may be present in the food. Remember to always read the labels and make informed decisions about the food you eat!

Glossary:
- Nutrition Facts panel: A label that provides information about the food, such as the serving size, calories, total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and sugar.
- Ingredients list: A list of all the ingredients used in the food product, listed in descending order of weight.
- Serving size: The amount of food that the nutrition information is based on, usually given in grams (g) or milliliters (mL).
- Calories: The number of calories in one serving of the food.
- Percent Daily Value (%DV): How much of a nutrient we get from one serving of the food compared to the daily recommended amount.
- Total Fat, Saturated Fat, Trans Fat, Cholesterol, and Sodium: The amounts of these nutrients in one serving of the food.
- Total Carbohydrates, Dietary Fiber, and Sugar: The amounts of these nutrients in one serving of the food.


text: Alumina-magnesium spinel ladle ramming mass good slag resistance high temperature strength. Because the magnesia-alumina spinel with the characters of strong resistance to slag erosion, excellent thermal shock resistance and high temperature strength, it is more and more used as steel-making refractory material.. Alumina-magnesium spinel ramming mass refractory used in the ladle is made of superior bauxite, high quality synthetic spinel, additive and binding agent, it is with excellent slag corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, good thermal shock resistance performance, also with long service time, safe and stable advantages, which is the ideal ladle lining material, it can be directly poured into lining and can be made into precast blocks.. Contact Person: Astra

textbook:
Lesson: Refractory Materials for Steel-Making

## Introduction
Refractory materials are used in various industries, including steel-making, to withstand high temperatures and maintain their shape and strength. In this lesson, we will learn about the properties and applications of alumina-magnesium spinel, a popular refractory material used in the steel-making industry.

## Section 1: Properties of Alumina-Magnesium Spinel
Alumina-magnesium spinel is a type of refractory material that is composed of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and magnesium oxide (MgO). It has several properties that make it suitable for use in the steel-making industry:

1. Strong resistance to slag erosion: Alumina-magnesium spinel has a high melting point, which allows it to resist the corrosive effects of slag.

2. Excellent thermal shock resistance: This material can withstand sudden changes in temperature without cracking or breaking.

3. High temperature strength: Alumina-magnesium spinel maintains its strength and shape at high temperatures, making it ideal for use in furnaces and other high-temperature environments.

## Section 2: Applications of Alumina-Magnesium Spinel
Alumina-magnesium spinel is commonly used as a refractory material in the steel-making industry due to its excellent properties. Some of its applications include:

1. Ladle lining material: Alumina-magnesium spinel is used as a lining material in steel ladles to protect them from the corrosive effects of slag.

2. Precast blocks: This refractory material can be made into precast blocks that are used in various parts of the steel-making process, such as the blast furnace and the steelmaking furnace.

3. Direct pouring into lining: Alumina-magnesium spinel can be directly poured into the lining of steel-making equipment, eliminating the need for additional materials or steps.

## Section 3: Questions and Answers
1. What is alumina-magnesium spinel?
Answer: Alumina-magnesium spinel is a type of refractory material that is composed of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and magnesium oxide (MgO).

2. Why is alumina-magnesium spinel used in the steel-making industry?
Answer: Alumina-magnesium spinel is used in the steel-making industry because it has excellent properties such as strong resistance to slag erosion, excellent thermal shock resistance, and high temperature strength.

3. What are some applications of alumina-magnesium spinel in the steel-making industry?
Answer: Alumina-magnesium spinel is used as a ladle lining material, precast blocks, and direct pouring into lining.

## Glossary
- Refractory: A material that can withstand high temperatures and maintain its shape and strength.
- Slag: A glassy, vitreous byproduct of metal smelting.
- Melting point: The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.
- Thermal shock resistance: The ability of a material to withstand sudden changes in temperature without cracking or breaking.
- High temperature strength: The ability of a material to maintain its strength and shape at high temperatures.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about the properties and applications of alumina-magnesium spinel, a popular refractory material used in the steel-making industry. We covered its strong resistance to slag erosion, excellent thermal shock resistance, and high temperature strength. We also discussed its applications in the steel-making industry, including its use as a ladle lining material, precast blocks, and direct pouring into lining. Finally, we defined key terms and provided a glossary to help students understand the concepts presented in this lesson.


text: Hanukkah Menorah by Ester Shahaf. Ester Shahaf brings the light of Hanukkah home with her. sophisticated yet whimsical birds perched upon this traditional Menorah. Swarovsky crystals play catch with the light. of the candles in the classic brass holders, while the birds in their plumage. of hand-painted enamel, crystals and appliquéd metals gaze lovingly on.. A stunning addition to any Judaic art collection, this. Menorah will delight all who behold it.. Menorah dimensions are 12 cm (4.7 in) height and 22.5 cm (8.8 in) width.. Tags: Hanukkah gifts. Purchase this item together with Hanukkah Candle Lighter BY Dorit Klein for a special price.. Pay Only $18.00 - instead of $22.00.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Menorahs

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
A menorah is a nine-branched candelabrum that is commonly used in the Jewish religion during the holiday of Hanukkah. The word "menorah" comes from the Hebrew word "ner," which means "light." In this lesson, we will learn about the history and significance of menorahs, as well as the different types of menorahs that exist.

## Section 2: Questions and Answers
1. What is a menorah?
2. Why is the menorah important in Judaism?
3. How many branches does a menorah have?
4. What is the difference between a Hanukkah menorah and a Shabbat menorah?
5. Can you explain the symbolism behind the menorah?

## Section 3: Definitions and Examples
- Menorah: a candelabrum with nine branches, used in Judaism during Hanukkah to hold candles
- Hanukkah: a Jewish holiday that celebrates the rededication of the Temple in Jerusalem after the Maccabean Revolt
- Shabbat: the Jewish Sabbath, a day of rest and worship
- Candle lighter: a tool used to light the candles on a menorah

## Section 4: Practical Examples
Let's imagine that you want to buy a menorah for your family to use during Hanukkah. You could visit a Jewish gift store or search online for a menorah that fits your budget and style preferences. You might consider a traditional metal menorah or a more modern, artistic design like the one shown in the image. Once you have chosen a menorah, you can set it up in a prominent place in your home and light the candles each night of Hanukkah.

## Section 5: Self-Debating Discussions
- How has the meaning of the menorah changed over time?
- Why do Jews use candles instead of oil to light the menorah?
- What other symbols are associated with Hanukkah?

## Glossary
- Candelabrum: a branched holder for candles or lamps
- Maccabean Revolt: a rebellion against the Seleucid Empire in the 2nd century BCE by the Jewish people
- Temple: a sacred building used for religious worship, especially in ancient Judaism
- Sabbath: the seventh day of the week, observed as a day of rest and worship by Jews and some Christians

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about the history and significance of menorahs, as well as the different types of menorahs that exist. We also explored practical examples of how to use a menorah and engaged in self-debating discussions about the symbolism and meaning of the menorah. By understanding the importance of this Jewish ritual object, we can appreciate the rich traditions and cultural heritage of Judaism.


text: Pirelli to supply Citroen Racing Trophy for 2011. The Citroen Racing Trophy is open to all of Citroen’s two-wheel drive rally cars, including the C2-R2 MAX and the recently-unveiled DS3 R3, which claimed five class victories during its debut season last year: including third overall on the Rallye du Valais in Switzerland.. The cars will use a selection of Pirelli’s asphalt and gravel tires this year, which are based on a technology that is similar to that of the covers supplied to the World Rally Championship, from 2008 to 2010. These were extremely resistant tires, bearing a puncture rate of less than 0.02% over the three years when Pirelli was exclusive supplier to the series.. Specifically, the DS3 R3 will use of a 17-inch RX and RE asphalt tire and a 15-inch K tire on gravel.. The R2 cars will use the same range of tires, tires competing with up-and-coming talent on some of Europe’s most important international rallies.”

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Tires and their Importance in Motorsports

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Tires are an essential component of any vehicle, including cars, bikes, and trucks. They provide traction between the road and the vehicle, allowing it to move safely and efficiently. In motorsports, such as rally racing, tires play a crucial role in determining the performance of the car. This lesson will introduce you to the importance of tires in motorsports and explain why they are crucial for the success of a racecar driver.

### Section 2: Questions and Answers

**Question:** Why do racecar drivers need special tires?
**Answer:** Racecar drivers need special tires because they require more grip, durability, and speed than regular tires. These tires are designed to handle the extreme forces generated during high-speed racing and provide the necessary traction to keep the car on the track.

**Question:** How do tires affect the performance of a racecar?
**Answer:** Tires affect the performance of a racecar by providing the necessary grip and traction to accelerate, turn, and brake. The right tires can make a car faster and more agile, while the wrong tires can hinder the car's performance and lead to accidents.

**Question:** What are the different types of tires used in motorsports?
**Answer:** There are several types of tires used in motorsports, including slicks, rain tires, and intermediate tires. Slicks are used in dry conditions and provide maximum grip and speed. Rain tires are used when it is wet and provide extra grip to prevent the car from slipping. Intermediate tires are used when the weather is uncertain and provide a balance between grip and speed.

### Section 3: Definitions and Examples

**Definition:** A tire is a rubber ring that surrounds the wheel of a vehicle and provides traction between the road and the vehicle.

**Example:** In the Citroen Racing Trophy for 2011, the cars will use a selection of Pirelli’s asphalt and gravel tires. These tires are based on a technology that is similar to that of the covers supplied to the World Rally Championship from 2008 to 2010.

**Glossary:**
- Tire: A rubber ring that surrounds the wheel of a vehicle and provides traction between the road and the vehicle.
- Slicks: A type of tire used in dry conditions that provides maximum grip and speed.
- Rain tires: A type of tire used when it is wet that provides extra grip to prevent the car from slipping.
- Intermediate tires: A type of tire used when the weather is uncertain that provides a balance between grip and speed.

### Section 4: Practical Examples

Let's consider a racecar driver participating in a rally race. The driver needs tires that can handle the extreme forces generated during high-speed racing and provide the necessary traction to keep the car on the track. The driver also needs tires that can adapt to changing weather conditions, such as rain or shine. In this case, the driver would choose rain tires and intermediate tires to ensure that the car performs well in both dry and wet conditions.

### Conclusion

In conclusion, tires are an essential component of motorsports, providing the necessary traction between the road and the vehicle. The right tires can make a car faster and more agile, while the wrong tires can hinder the car's performance and lead to accidents. Understanding the different types of tires and their uses can help racecar drivers and teams make informed decisions about their equipment, ultimately leading to better performance on the track.


text: Baseball Slugger David Ortiz Named TOPPS NOW® Lead Scout &. Topps Spokesperson. (June 14, 2018) – David Ortiz’s vast baseball knowledge, discerning eyes, and flair for the moment made him the perfect candidate for a new role at The Topps Company.. Topps, the exclusive trading card partner of Major League Baseball, is excited to announce Ortiz as a spokesperson and TOPPS NOW® lead scout. In this role, Ortcareer MLB hits; and rookie debuts, including Shohei Ohtani, Aaron Judge, Ronald Acuña Jr., and more.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Trading Cards and Collectibles

### Overview
Trading cards are a popular form of collectibles that have been around for centuries. They are typically small pieces of cardboard or paper with pictures and information about a particular subject, such as sports figures or movies. In this lesson, we will explore the history of trading cards, their popularity, and how they are produced. We will also learn about the different types of trading cards and collectibles and how they can be valued.

### Section 1: Introduction to Trading Cards
- What are trading cards?
- When were trading cards first created?
- Why do people collect trading cards?
- What are some examples of popular trading cards?

### Section 2: How are Trading Cards Produced?
- Who creates trading cards?
- What materials are used to make trading cards?
- How are the images and information on trading cards created?
- What is the process of producing trading cards?

### Section 3: Types of Trading Cards and Collectibles
- What are some different types of trading cards?
- What are some examples of collectible items?
- How are trading cards and collectibles valued?
- What factors affect the value of trading cards and collectibles?

### Section 4: Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about the history and popularity of trading cards, how they are produced, and the different types of trading cards and collectibles. We also explored how these items are valued and the factors that affect their value. By understanding these concepts, we can appreciate the effort and creativity that goes into making trading cards and collectibles.

### Glossary
- Trading Card: A small piece of cardboard or paper with pictures and information about a particular subject.
- Collectible: An item that is valuable because it is rare or has historical significance.
- Card Manufacturer: A company that produces trading cards.
- Print Run: The number of trading cards printed for a set.
- Rookie Card: A trading card featuring a player in their first year in professional sports.
- Autograph: A signature on a trading card.
- Grading: The process of evaluating the condition of a trading card.
- Authentication: The process of verifying the authenticity of a trading card.


text:
You are here

Fish & Fisheries

"In a landmark settlement with three environmental groups, the U.S. government has agreed to adopt new rules that ensure seafood imported into the United States meets high standards for protecting whales and dolphins."

"PORTSMOUTH, N.H. — In November, regulators from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration shut down recreational and commercial cod fishing in the Gulf of Maine, that enchanting arm of the coastal sea stretching east-northeast from Cape Cod. They did not have much choice: Federal law requires action to rebuild fish stocks when they are depleted, and recent surveys revealed cod populations to be at record lows, despite decades of regulations intended to restore them."

"The United States is poised to tackle illegal fishing and seafood fraud on a broader scale than ever before, with the release today of a set of recommendations that calls for everything from "boat-to-plate" traceable fish to international enforcement."

"Americans eat more seafood than just about anyone else. Most of it is imported from abroad. And a lot of it — perhaps 25 percent of wild-caught seafood imports, according to fisheries experts — is illegally caught."

"Here’s some good news for wild salmon lovers: Right before Thanksgiving, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced new restrictions on pesticide use in California. The first-of-its-kind move is aimed at protecting salmon and steelhead trout native to the state’s rivers and it sets the stage for protections that could benefit salmon along the Pacific coast."

"The Atlantic bluefin tuna gained protections from overfishing in the Gulf of Mexico and the waters off North Carolina under a federal rule published on Tuesday to better regulate a species coveted by sushi lovers."

"California's three-year drought threatens to wipe out the last of the Muir Woods coho salmon that make their way each year from the Pacific Ocean to spawn in a freshwater creek running through the redwoods near San Francisco, state officials said on Monday."

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Fish and Fisheries

### Overview:
In this lesson, we will learn about fish and fisheries. We will explore the importance of fish in our ecosystem, the different types of fisheries, and the challenges facing the fishing industry. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to identify different types of fish, understand the impact of overfishing on our environment, and discuss ways to promote sustainable fishing practices.

### Objectives:
1. Identify different types of fish and their habitats.
2. Understand the importance of fish in our ecosystem.
3. Explain the different types of fisheries and their role in the economy.
4. Discuss the challenges facing the fishing industry, including overfishing and habitat destruction.
5. Evaluate the impact of human activities on fish populations and the environment.
6. Suggest ways to promote sustainable fishing practices.

### Section 1: Introduction to Fish and Fisheries

#### Questions:
1. What are fish?
2. Why are fish important to our ecosystem?
3. What are the different types of fisheries?

#### Answers:
 1. Fish are aquatic animals that live in water. They are cold-blooded, have gills to breathe, and have fins for swimming.
2. Fish play an important role in our ecosystem. They are a source of food for other animals, help maintain the balance of our oceans and rivers, and are used for research purposes.
3. There are three main types of fisheries: commercial, recreational, and subsistence. Commercial fisheries are run by businesses and sell fish for profit. Recreational fisheries are for hobbyists who enjoy fishing as a leisure activity. Subsistence fisheries provide food for people who live in remote areas where other sources of food are scarce.

### Section 2: Types of Fish and Their Habitats

#### Questions:
1. What are some common types of fish?
2. Where do fish live?
3. How do fish adapt to their environment?

#### Anwers:
 1. Some common types of fish include salmon, tuna, trout, and bass.
2. Fish can live in a variety of environments, including oceans, rivers, lakes, and ponds. Some fish can even live in freshwater or saltwater environments.
3. Fish adapt to their environment in many ways. For example, some fish have scales to protect them from predators, while others have camouflage to blend in with their surroundings. Some fish can also adapt to changes in temperature, salinity, and water pressure.

### Section 3: Challenges Facing the Fishing Industry

#### Questions:
1. What are some challenges facing the fishing industry?
2. How does overfishing affect fish populations and the environment?
3. What can we do to promote sustainable fishing practices?

#### Answers:
1. Some challenges facing the fishing industry include overfishing, habitat destruction, and climate change.
2. Overfishing occurs when fish are caught faster than they can reproduce, leading to a decline in fish populations. This can have a ripple effect on the entire ecosystem, as other animals that rely on fish for food may also suffer.
3. To promote sustainable fishing practices, we can support laws and policies that limit the amount of fish that can be caught, protect habitats, and require fishing companies to be transparent about their practices. We can also choose to buy fish from sustainable sources and avoid buying fish that have been caught using unsustainable methods.

### Section 4: Glossary

- Fish: Aquatic animals that live in water.
- Habitat: The natural environment in which an organism lives.
- Fishery: An area where fish are caught or raised for commercial, recreational, or subsistence purposes.
- Overfishing: Catching fish faster than they can reproduce, leading to a decline in fish populations.
- Sustainable: Able to be maintained over time without depleting natural resources.

### Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about fish and fisheries, including the importance of fish in our ecosystem, the different types of fisheries, and the challenges facing the fishing industry. By understanding these concepts, we can make informed decisions about how to promote sustainable fishing practices and protect our environment.


text: This project explores the life stories of thirteen leaders in the self-advocacy movement and their perspectives on key issues and leadership challenges. Part of the broader disability rights movement, the self-advocacy movement is unique in that it has been led and informed by the individual and collective experiences of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Despite its widespread existence nationwide and internationally, few works have explored the rich history, culture, and significance of the self-advocacy movement.. I would like to learn more about advocacy.. Hi Anthony,. Visit this link on our Resources from The Arc blog for specific resources about being a self-advocate:. You might also be interested in joining The Arc’s National Council of Self-Advocates:. We hope this helps! Let us know if you have more questions.

textbook:
**Lesson: Introduction to Advocacy**

**Section 1: What is Advocacy?**

Advocacy is the act of speaking or writing in support of a cause, idea, or person. It involves promoting the rights and interests of others, often those who are marginalized or have limited voice in society. Advocacy can take many forms, including public speaking, writing letters or emails, participating in protests or marches, and using social media to raise awareness.

**Section 2: Why is Advocacy Important?**

Advocacy is important because it helps to ensure that the voices of those who may not otherwise be heard are included in decision-making processes. It can also help to bring about change and improve the lives of individuals and communities. By advocating for others, we can work towards creating a more just and equitable society.

**Section 3: How Can I Become an Effective Advocate?**

To become an effective advocate, it is important to educate yourself on the issue you are advocating for. This includes researching the topic, understanding the relevant laws and policies, and learning about the experiences of those affected by the issue. It is also important to develop relationships with others who share your goals and to work collaboratively to achieve common objectives. Finally, it is essential to communicate clearly and effectively, using evidence-based arguments to persuade others to take action.

**Section 4: Practical Examples**

One example of advocacy is the fight for disability rights. People with disabilities have advocated for changes in laws and policies that affect their lives, such as increased accessibility to buildings and transportation, and greater inclusion in education and employment. Another example is the Black Lives Matter movement, which seeks to end police brutality and systemic racism against African Americans.

**Glossary**

- **Advocacy:** The act of speaking or writing in support of a cause, idea, or person.
- **Marginalized:** A group of people who are excluded from mainstream society and experience disadvantage due to their social status, race, gender, or other factors.
- **Justice:** The quality of being fair and reasonable, especially in the administration of law.
- **Equity:** Fair treatment of individuals according to their varying needs.

**Conclusion**

Advocacy is an important tool for creating change and ensuring that the voices of those who may not otherwise be heard are included in decision-making processes. By educating ourselves on the issues we care about and working collaboratively with others, we can become effective advocates for change.


text: Gap.. Train with the Australian Defence Force. The Australian Defence Force .. How can I find out more?. You can plan your own gap year or you can join an organised gap year program. Check out these websites for more info on working holidays and volunteering opportunities.. Useful Web Links. Gap Activity ProjectsProviding volunteer opportunities for young people on their gap year.. Link:. Student Placement AustraliaPlacing students and young professionals in jobs and training opportunities overseas.. Link:. Launchpad AustraliaProviding opportunities to work, study, volunteer or have a cultural experience overseas.. Link:

textbook:
Lesson: Gap Year Programs and Volunteering Opportunities
Introduction:
A gap year is a period of time taken off between high school and college or university. During this time, students can travel, work, volunteer, or pursue other interests. In this lesson, we will explore the different types of gap year programs and volunteering opportunities available to students.
Section 1: Types of Gap Year Programs
- Working Holiday: A program where students work and travel at the same time.
- Volunteer Programs: Opportunities to give back to communities around the world.
- Internships: Programs that provide hands-on experience in a specific field.
- Language Immersion: Programs that allow students to learn a new language while immersed in a foreign culture.
- Adventure Travel: Excursions that involve physical activities such as hiking, climbing, or surfing.
Section 2: Volunteering Opportunities
- What are some examples of volunteer projects?
- How do I choose the right volunteer project for me?
- What are the benefits of volunteering abroad?
- What are the risks of volunteering abroad?
Section 3: Finding the Right Program
- What should I consider when choosing a gap year program?
- How do I research different programs?
- What questions should I ask before committing to a program?
- What are the costs involved in a gap year program?
Conclusion:
A gap year can be a life-changing experience that allows students to gain new perspectives, develop skills, and make lasting memories. By exploring different types of gap year programs and volunteering opportunities, students can find the perfect fit for their interests and goals. Remember to research programs thoroughly, ask questions, and consider the costs involved. With careful planning and consideration, students can have an unforgettable gap year experience.
Glossary:
- Gap Year: A period of time taken off between high school and college or university.
- Volunteer: To work willingly without pay in a helping capacity.
- Internship: A short-term position with an organization, usually done for educational purposes.
- Language Immersion: A program that allows students to learn a new language while immersed in a foreign culture.
- Adventure Travel: Excursions that involve physical activities such as hiking, climbing, or surfing.


text: December 23, 2010. Farriers Hoof Knife. Through the years, I’ve used up several dozen hoof knives, of almost every brand out there,, and found that the cheaper ones work just as well as the more expensive deluxe hoof knives. It is very important to keep your hoof knife sharp, I purchased special stones to sharpen hoof knives with, as well as special steels with embedded industrial diamonds, I finally ended up using a regular old bench grinder, and flat file.

textbook:
Lesson Title: The Importance of Keeping Your Tools Sharp

**Introduction:** In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of keeping your tools sharp, particularly a hoof knife. We will explore the different types of stones and steels used to sharpen hoof knives and how they work. By the end of this lesson, you will understand why it is crucial to maintain a sharp tool and be able to apply this knowledge to other tools you use.

**Section 1: Theoretical Concepts**

- A sharp tool is safer and more efficient to use.
- Dull tools can cause accidents and injuries.
- Regular maintenance of tools is necessary to ensure their longevity and effectiveness.

**Section 2: Practical Examples**

- Using a bench grinder and flat file to sharpen a hoof knife.
- How to use a stone or steel to sharpen a hoof knife.
- Comparing the effectiveness of different sharpening methods.

**Section 3: Real-World Scenarios**

- Applying the concept of tool maintenance to other tools such as scissors, knives, and garden shears.
- Understanding the importance of maintaining power tools, such as lawn mowers and chainsaws.
- Analyzing the cost-effectiveness of maintaining tools versus replacing them.

**Glossary**

- Bench grinder: a power tool used to grind and shape metal.
- Flat file: a tool used to straighten and shape metal.
- Stone: an abrasive material used to sharpen tools.
- Steel: a hardened metal used to sharpen tools.
- Industrial diamonds: small diamonds embedded in a metal surface to sharpen tools.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, keeping your tools sharp is essential for safety and efficiency. By understanding the importance of tool maintenance, you can apply this knowledge to various tools in your life. Remember to regularly maintain your tools to ensure their longevity and effectiveness.


text: South African Perspectives on Mobile Phones: Challenging the Optimistic Narrative of Mobiles for Development. Abstract. South Africa, with its high mobile phone penetration rate and persistent social inequalities, is the target of many “mobiles for development” (M4D) initiatives. By comparing South Africans’ stories about mobile phones with the optimistic narrative presented by mobile enthusiasts, this study offers a counterbalance to M4D’s claims that mobile phones incontrovertibly enhance economic situations, improve health outcomes, and guarantee safety. Drawing upon a diverse collection of 79 interviews with NGO employees and beneficiaries in Cape Town, this study problematizes the mobile phone success story espoused by M4D enthusiasts and advocates for a reimagining and retelling of the mobiles for development story that fully considers the negative and neutral aspects of technology for development projects.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Mobile Phones and Social Inequalities

Introduction:
Mobile phones are an essential part of our lives today. They have become a tool for communication, entertainment, and even business. However, not everyone has equal access to mobile phones or their benefits. In this lesson, we will explore how social inequalities can affect the use and impact of mobile phones.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is to understand how social inequalities can influence the effectiveness of mobile phones as a tool for development.

Section 1: Understanding Social Inequalities
Topic 1: What are social inequalities?
Social inequalities refer to the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities among individuals or groups in society. These inequalities can be based on factors such as income, education, gender, race, and ethnicity.

Topic 2: How do social inequalities affect access to mobile phones?
Social inequalities can limit access to mobile phones and their benefits. For example, people with lower incomes may not be able to afford a smartphone or a data plan, while those living in rural areas may not have access to mobile network coverage.

Topic 3: How do social inequalities affect the impact of mobile phones?
Social inequalities can also affect the impact of mobile phones on individuals and communities. For example, people with lower literacy levels may not be able to take full advantage of mobile apps and services, while those living in unsafe neighborhoods may not feel safe using their mobile phones.

Section 2: Challenging the Optimistic Narrative of Mobiles for Development
Topic 1: What is the optimistic narrative of mobiles for development?
The optimistic narrative of mobiles for development assumes that mobile phones can solve development challenges and improve the lives of people, regardless of their social status or location.

Topic 2: What are the limitations of the optimistic narrative of mobiles for development?
The optimistic narrative of mobiles for development does not take into account the negative and neutral aspects of technology for development projects. It assumes that mobile phones can solve all development challenges without considering the social inequalities that can affect access and impact.

Section 3: Reimagining and Retelling the Mobiles for Development Story
Topic 1: What is the new narrative of mobiles for development?
The new narrative of mobiles for development acknowledges the limitations of the optimistic narrative and recognizes the importance of considering social inequalities when designing and implementing mobile phone-based projects.

Topic 2: How can we reimagine and retell the mobiles for development story?
To reimagine and retell the mobiles for development story, we need to focus on the following aspects:
- Acknowledge the negative and neutral aspects of technology for development projects
- Consider the social inequalities that can affect access and impact
- Design and implement mobile phone-based projects that are inclusive and equitable
- Evaluate the effectiveness of mobile phone-based projects based on their impact on different social groups

Conclusion:
In conclusion, this lesson has taught us that social inequalities can significantly affect the access and impact of mobile phones as a tool for development. By challenging the optimistic narrative of mobiles for development and reimagining and retelling the story, we can create more effective and equitable mobile phone-based projects that benefit all members of society.

Glossary:
- Mobile phone: A portable electronic device used for telecommunication and multimedia.
- Mobiles for Development (M4D): The use of mobile phones to improve socio-economic development.
- Social inequality: The unequal distribution of resources and opportunities among individuals or groups in society.


text: ,ain, for Austria; Trianon, for Hungary; Neuilly, for Bulgaria; and Sèvres, for the United States, Georges Clemenceau for France, David Lloyd George for England, and Vittorio Emanuele Orlando were, to a large extent, sacrificed, but his main objectives, the creation of states based on the principle of national self-determination and the formation of the League of Nations,)land) was placed under French administration for 15 years; the Rhineland,).

textbook:
Lesson: The Treaty of Versailles and its impact on World War I

### Introduction
The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty that ended World War I between the Allied Powers and Germany. It was signed on June 28, 1919, and had significant consequences for both Germany and the world. In this lesson, we will explore the main provisions of the treaty, its impact on Germany, and its role in shaping the world today.

### Main Provisions of the Treaty of Versailles
1. Germany was held responsible for starting World War I and was ordered to pay reparations to the Allied Powers.
2. Germany was stripped of its colonies and territories, including Alsace-Lorraine, which was returned to France.
3. The Rhineland, a region in western Germany, was demilitarized, and French troops were stationed there for 15 years.
4. Germany's military was limited in size and strength.
5. The Kaiser, Wilhelm II, was forced to abdicate, and the German monarchy was abolished.
6. The League of Nations was formed to promote international cooperation and prevent future wars.

### Impact on Germany
The Treaty of Versailles had a profound impact on Germany. The country was devastated by the war and struggled to pay the reparations demanded by the Allies. The loss of territory, including Alsace-Lorraine, and the demilitarization of the Rhineland further humiliated the country. Many Germans felt that the treaty was unfair and that their country had been betrayed by its leaders. These feelings of resentment and bitterness contributed to the rise of the Nazi party and ultimately led to World War II.

### Role in Shaping the World Today
The Treaty of Versailles played a significant role in shaping the world today. It established the League of Nations, which was the precursor to the United Nations. The UN continues to play a crucial role in maintaining international peace and security. Additionally, the treaty's provisions regarding reparations and territorial losses set the stage for future conflicts between Germany and its neighbors. Finally, the treaty's failure to prevent another world war highlights the challenges of creating a lasting peace.

### Conclusion
The Treaty of Versailles was a complex document that had far-reaching consequences for Germany and the world. By exploring its main provisions and their impact, we can better understand the events that led to World War II and the challenges of creating a just and lasting peace. As we continue to navigate an increasingly interconnected world, it is essential to remember the lessons of history and work together to build a better future for all.


text: - This event has passed.. The Time Jumpers. Buy Tickets. Featuring Vince Gill, “Ranger Doug” Green, Kenny Sears, and Paul Franklin. Buy NowBuy Now. The Time Jumpers bring back Western swing in a big way! In the tradition of Bob Wills, this 10 member band of Nashville session musicians will get you moving along to the rhythms of old-fashioned Country-Western music. Made up of 10 of the best musicians in Nashville, The Time Jumpers are a country swing band that started in 1998 by GRAMMY nominated session “superpickers” who began jamming on their night off. Superstar Vince Gill joined The Time Jumpers in 2010, and their 2013 album was nominated for 2 GRAMMY Awards. This performance will be an upbeat, not-to-be-missed, best-of-the-best jam!

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Western Swing Music
## I. Overview
 Western swing music is a genre of music that originated in the early 20th century in the American Southwest. It is a fusion of cowboy music, blues, jazz, and other styles of music. The Time Jumpers are a band that plays western swing music and features some of the best musicians in Nashville. In this lesson, we will explore the history of western swing music, its characteristics, and the instruments used in this genre.
## II. History
 Western swing music originated in the 1920s and 1930s in Texas and Oklahoma. It was popular among ranch hands and cowboys who would gather around radios to listen to music. The genre became more popular in the 1940s when bands like Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys started touring and recording. Western swing music continued to evolve throughout the 20th century and influenced many other genres of music.
## III. Characteristics
 Western swing music is characterized by its use of stringed instruments such as the fiddle, steel guitar, and guitar. The rhythm of the music is often fast-paced and upbeat, with a strong emphasis on danceable melodies. The lyrics of western swing songs often tell stories of life on the ranch or in small towns.
## IV. Instruments
The instruments used in western swing music include the fiddle, steel guitar, guitar, bass, piano, and drums. The fiddle is a crucial instrument in western swing music and is often used to play the melody of the song. The steel guitar is another important instrument and is known for its ability to create a smooth, sliding sound.
## V. Practice Questions
1. What is western swing music?
2. Who were some influential bands in the development of western swing music?
3. What instruments are commonly used in western swing music?
## VI. Conclusion
In conclusion, western swing music is a unique genre that combines elements of cowboy music, blues, jazz, and other styles of music. The Time Jumpers are a band that plays western swing music and features some of the best musicians in Nashville. By exploring the history, characteristics, and instruments used in western swing music, we can gain a deeper appreciation for this genre and its influence on other forms of music.


text: During the pandemic I developed a fascination for tangerine peels. Every time I encountered a new peel trace in public space, I would stop to wonder what kind of person was behind the peel trace. Paying attention for example to the way it was peeled or where it was placed. In my studio I started to imitate the different peel shapes with plaster on gauze. Alongside, mixing red and yellow acrylic paint, I would try to get the right orange.. studio wall during research

textbook:
Lesson: The Art of Peel Traces

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the art of peel traces and how they can be used as a form of expression. We will learn about the different types of peel traces, their significance, and how they can be used in various art forms.

Section 1: What are Peel Traces?
Peel traces are the remains of fruit or vegetable peels that are left behind after they have been eaten. They can take on many forms, such as a small pile of skin or a larger piece that has been partially eaten. These traces can be found in public spaces, such as parks or sidewalks, and can serve as a form of expression for artists.

Section 2: Types of Peel Traces
There are two main types of peel traces: intentional and unintentional. Intentional peel traces are those that are left intentionally by an artist as part of their artwork. Unintentional peel traces are those that are left unintentionally, such as when someone accidentally drops a piece of food on the ground.

Section 3: Significance of Peel Traces
Peel traces can hold significant meaning for artists, as they represent the impermanence of life and the fleeting nature of experiences. They can also serve as a reminder of the human condition and the fragility of our existence.

Section 4: Using Peel Traces in Art
Artists can use peel traces in various ways, such as incorporating them into their artwork or using them as a medium for expression. For example, an artist might create a painting using only peel traces as their canvas, or they might use peel traces to create a sculpture.

Section 5: Practical Examples
One practical example of using peel traces in art is by creating a mural using peel traces as the base. The artist could use different colors of paint to create a pattern or design on the peel traces, which would then be displayed on a wall in a public space.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the art of peel traces is a unique form of expression that can be used in various art forms. By understanding the significance of peel traces and how they can be used, artists can create beautiful and thought-provoking pieces that will leave a lasting impact on viewers.


text:
Q:

Is it possible to scroll navigation bar to current file in VisualStudio Code?

For example, IntelliJ Idea provides such feature: you can scroll navigation bar to the file you're currently working on. It's useful feature, especially when you're jumping around code and suddenly realised that you are lost in the project :)
Does VS code provide such a feature? Unfortunately, I could not find anything about that.

A:

This is not natively supported in VS code. This sounds like something for UserVoice: https://visualstudio.uservoice.com/forums/293070-visual-studio-code if you would like to see this in VS Code.
Another option would be an extension that does this; however, I didn't see any way to actually highlight files in the workspace using the extension API at https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/extensionAPI/vscode-api

textbook:
# Lesson: Finding the Perimeter of a Rectangle

In this lesson, we will learn how to find the perimeter of a rectangle. A rectangle is a quadrilateral with four sides, opposite sides being equal in length and parallel. The perimeter is the total distance around the edge of the rectangle.

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

A rectangle has two sides of equal length, called the length and width. The perimeter is calculated by adding up all four sides of the rectangle.

Formula: Perimeter = 2(Length + Width)

## Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's say we have a rectangle with a length of 5 cm and a width of 3 cm. Using the formula above, we can calculate the perimeter as follows:

Perimeter = 2(5 + 3) = 2(8) = 16 cm

So, the perimeter of our rectangle is 16 cm.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

Suppose you are building a fence around your garden. You have a rectangular shape with a length of 10 meters and a width of 5 meters. To find out how much fencing you need, you can use the formula above:

Perimeter = 2(10 + 5) = 2(15) = 30 meters

So, you will need 30 meters of fencing to enclose your garden.

## Glossary
- Length: The longer side of a rectangle.
- Width: The shorter side of a rectangle.
- Perimeter: The total distance around the edge of a rectangle.

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned how to find the perimeter of a rectangle using the formula Perimeter = 2(Length + Width). We also looked at some practical examples and real-world scenarios to demonstrate how this concept can be applied. By understanding the definition of length, width, and perimeter, you can use this formula to calculate the perimeter of any rectangle.