text: £0.96. Vinyl Hanger Decals.. Approx 2″ wide by 1″ high and sized to fit on the center of most dress hangers.. Simply choose the colour and add the names you would require, and be sure to update the quantity if ordering more than one.. The vinyl will be sent in DIY form, so you would just need to follow these steps:. 1) Peel off the excess vinyl and ‘weed’ the small parts from between the letters with a pin etc. 2) Peel the backing off the transfer paper and place on top of the vinyl, then rub with the edge of a bank card or something similar to ensure it stick. 3) Slowly peel off the transfer paper, with the vinyl attached. 4) Place in the position you would like it on the hanger and again rub with the edge of a bank card. 5) Slowly peel off the transfer paper and it leaves the vinyl in place. £0.96. Out of stock

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Basic Economic Concepts

## Section 1: Supply and Demand

**Theory:** Supply and demand are fundamental concepts in economics that describe the behavior of markets. The law of supply and demand states that the price of a good or service will eventually reach a point where the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied. At this point, the market is said to be at equilibrium.

**Practice:** Let's consider a simple example. Imagine that there is only one pizza restaurant in a town, and it is the only place people can buy pizza. If the restaurant increases its prices, fewer people will buy pizza because they can't afford it. On the other hand, if the restaurant lowers its prices, more people will buy pizza because it's cheaper. In this scenario, the demand for pizza will decrease as prices increase, and the supply of pizza will decrease as prices increase. Eventually, the market will reach an equilibrium point where the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied.

**Questions:**
1. How does the law of supply and demand affect the price of goods and services?
2. What happens when the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied?
3. What happens when the quantity demanded is less than the quantity supplied?

## Section 2: Price Elasticity of Demand

**Theory:** Price elasticity of demand is a measure of how sensitive the quantity demanded of a good or service is to a change in its price. It helps businesses understand how changes in price will affect their revenue.

**Practice:** Let's consider another example. Imagine that there is a new tax on soft drinks. If the tax is high enough, people may stop buying soft drinks altogether. In this case, the demand for soft drinks is very elastic - a small change in price leads to a large change in quantity demanded. On the other hand, if the tax is low, people may still buy soft drinks even if they are more expensive. In this case, the demand for soft drinks is less elastic - a large change in price leads to only a small change in quantity demanded.

**Questions:**
1. What is price elasticity of demand?
2. How does the price elasticity of demand affect revenue?
3. Can you think of any other examples where price elasticity of demand might be relevant?

## Section 3: Comparative Advantage

**Theory:** Comparative advantage is an economic concept that explains why countries can benefit from specializing in the production of certain goods and services, even if they are not the most efficient producers of all goods.

**Practice:** Let's consider a simple example. Imagine that there are two countries, Country A and Country B. Country A is better at producing apples, while Country B is better at producing oranges. If both countries try to produce both apples and oranges, they will end up wasting resources and producing less efficiently. However, if each country specializes in producing the good they are best at, they can trade with each other and both benefit.

**Questions:**
1. What is comparative advantage?
2. Why do countries benefit from specializing in the production of certain goods and services?
3. Can you think of any real-world examples of countries benefiting from comparative advantage?

## Glossary:
- Supply and Demand: Fundamental concepts in economics that describe the behavior of markets.
- Price Elasticity of Demand: A measure of how sensitive the quantity demanded of a good or service is to a change in its price.
- Comparative Advantage: An economic concept that explains why countries can benefit from specializing in the production of certain goods and services, even if they are not the most efficient producers of all goods.

## Conclusion:
In this lesson, we explored three basic economic concepts: supply and demand, price elasticity of demand, and comparative advantage. We discussed how these concepts affect the behavior of markets and the decisions businesses make. By understanding these concepts, we can apply them to real-world scenarios and make informed decisions about our own economic behavior.


text: .. An exciting new series of interactive data visualisations which allow you to choose the way you look at the data.. See all visualisations created for the JSNA. Explore health indicators for Clinical Commissioning Groups in Surrey. Explore the 2015 Index of Multiple Deprivation for STP footprints. Explore Surrey's Health and Wellbeing Board strategy. Explore Life Expectancy and Healthy Life expectancy by MSOAs for STP footprints. Explore Surrey Homelessness Health Needs Audit 2016. Explore profiles for Surrey Heartlands localities. Explore the 2015 Indices of Deprivation for areas in Surrey. Explore the 2014 based population projections for Local Authorities and Clinical Commissioning Groups in Surrey. Explore recent trends in Jobseekers Allowance claimants for Local Authorities in Surrey. Explore Resident's survey results from the last 3 years. Explore data about the diversity of Surrey County Council's workforce

source: refinedweb

textbook:
# Lesson: Data Visualization
## Section 1: Introduction to Data Visualization
Data visualization is the process of representing data in a graphical or visual format. It is an essential tool for understanding and communicating complex information quickly and easily. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of data visualization, its importance, and how to create effective visualizations.
## Section 2: Types of Data Visualization
There are several types of data visualization, including bar charts, line charts, scatter plots, heat maps, and more. Each type of visualization is useful for different types of data and can help communicate different insights. In this section, we will explore the different types of visualizations and when to use them.
## Section 3: Creating Effective Visualizations
Creating effective visualizations requires careful consideration of the data being presented, the audience, and the message you want to convey. In this section, we will learn about best practices for creating effective visualizations, including choosing the right type of visualization, designing for clarity, and using color and labels effectively.
## Section 4: Analyzing Visualizations
Once you have created an effective visualization, it is essential to analyze it to extract meaningful insights. In this section, we will learn how to read and interpret different types of visualizations, including identifying trends, patterns, and outliers.
## Section 5: Applying Data Visualization Skills
Now that you know how to create effective visualizations and analyze them, you can apply these skills to various scenarios. In this section, we will explore real-world applications of data visualization, including in business, science, and social issues.
## Conclusion
Data visualization is a powerful tool for understanding and communicating complex information. By learning how to create effective visualizations and analyze them, you can gain valuable insights and make informed decisions. Apply these skills to various scenarios, and you will be well on your way to becoming a skilled data visualizer.


text: DeFeo was at the center of the circle of poets, writers, musicians, and artists who formed the Bay Area Beat movement in the 1950s and 1960s. She is best known for a series of abstract works from the 1950s that culminated in her monumental painting The Rose (1958-66), which was so heavy and thick with paint that it was almost sculptural.. This segment devoted to DeFeo's life and work is part of the larger feature Voices and Images of California Art, which highlights 11 of California's most celebrated artists through a combination of audio and video clips, artwork reproductions, photographs, and other documents.

textbook:
Lesson: Abstract Art

Introduction:
Abstract art is a type of art that does not try to represent or depict an accurate depiction of visual, but instead use colors, shapes, forms, and gestural marks to achieve its effect. In this lesson, we will learn about the history of abstract art, its characteristics, and how it can be created.

Section 1: History of Abstract Art
- Abstract art has been around for centuries, but it became popular in the early 20th century.
- It was first used by artists like Wassily Kandinsky and Kazimir Malevich in the early 1900s.
- Abstract art became more popular during the 1950s and 1960s, when artists like Jay DeFeo created monumental paintings that were almost sculptural.

Section 2: Characteristics of Abstract Art
- Abstract art does not try to represent or depict an accurate depiction of visual.
- Instead, it uses colors, shapes, forms, and gestural marks to achieve its effect.
- Abstract art can be created using any medium, including paint, clay, metal, or fabric.
- It can also be created using any style, including cubism, surrealism, or expressionism.

Section 3: Creating Abstract Art
- To create abstract art, you need to start with a blank canvas or paper.
- Then, you can begin to add color, shapes, forms, and gestural marks.
- You can use any color, shape, or form that you want.
- You can also experiment with different styles and techniques to create your own unique abstract art.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the history of abstract art, its characteristics, and how it can be created. We also learned about Jay DeFeo, who was at the center of the circle of poets, writers, musicians, and artists who formed the Bay Area Beat movement in the 1950s and 1960s. By creating our own abstract art, we can express ourselves and our emotions in a unique way.

Glossary:
- Abstract: Not trying to represent or depict an accurate depiction of visual.
- Medium: The materials used to create a work of art.
- Style: A particular way of doing something.

[1] "Voices and Images of California Art: Jay DeFeo." The Museum of Modern Art, www.moma.org/artists/5745. Accessed 20 Jan. 2022.


text: Just an experiment. Dave La Morte asks if we can find the Homer Price live action video he saw while at grammar school. Most of the “usual suspects” show everything that is Homer Price and VHS as “out of print”.. I have found something that may work, but I can’t tell because I’ve never seen any Homer Price stories on video. The best I’ve been able to come up with is this place, with an eye-watering price tag; it can also be found here and here. It is also available in a number of libraries, such as this one in Colonie.. Any better offers? Dave, is it what you were looking for?. 2 thoughts on “Things we can do because of our blogs: Anyone for Homer Price video hunting?”. Yeah I think so. I’m not sure if I’d be willing to pay $40 for it.. I just ordered it for my foruth grade class on amazon.com from aa company in CA for 29.95 plus 2.59 shipping and handling. Just type in Homer Price video on amazon.com

textbook:
Lesson: How to Find Information Online

Introduction:
In today's digital age, finding information online has become easier than ever before. However, with so much information available, it can be challenging to know where to start. This lesson will teach you how to find information online effectively and efficiently.

Section 1: Understanding the Search Process

Topic 1: Identifying Your Information Need
- What is the purpose of your search?
- What are you looking for?
- What keywords or phrases should you use?

Topic 2: Choosing the Right Search Engine
- There are many search engines available, such as Google, Bing, and Yahoo.
- Each search engine has its own strengths and weaknesses.
- Choose the search engine that best fits your needs.

Topic 3: Using Advanced Search Operators
- Using advanced search operators can help you find more relevant information.
- Examples of advanced search operators include:
  - "AND" to combine keywords
  - "OR" to broaden your search
  - "NOT" to exclude certain words

Section 2: Conducting an Effective Search

Topic 1: Using Keywords and Phrases
- Use keywords and phrases that are relevant to your information need.
- Avoid using too many keywords or phrases, as this can make your search less effective.
- Use synonyms and variations of your keywords and phrases to broaden your search.

Topic 2: Evaluating Search Results
- Look at the headings and descriptions of the search results to determine their relevance.
- Check the source and date of the information to ensure it is up-to-date.
- Use your judgment to determine which results are the most relevant to your information need.

Topic 3: Refining Your Search
- If you don't find what you're looking for in your initial search, try refining your search by:
  - Adding more keywords or phrases
  - Using advanced search operators
  - Narrowing your search by date, source, or other criteria

Section 3: Staying Organized and Evaluating Sources

Topic 1: Saving and Organizing Information
- Use bookmarks or folders to save and organize the information you find online.
- Consider using a citation tool to automatically generate citations for the sources you use.

Topic 2: Evaluating the Credibility of Online Sources
- Consider the credibility of the source when evaluating the information you find online.
- Look for authorship, publication date, and other indicators of credibility.
- Use your critical thinking skills to determine if the information is reliable.

Conclusion:
By following these tips and techniques, you can effectively and efficiently find the information you need online. Remember to stay organized, evaluate sources, and use your critical thinking skills to determine the credibility of the information you find. With practice, you'll become a pro at finding information online!

Glossary:
- Search engine: a software system that searches a database of websites based on a user's keyword query
- Advanced search operators: special characters or phrases used to narrow or broaden a search
- Synonym: a word or phrase that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word or phrase
- Credibility: the quality of being trustworthy or reliable


text: Mission Statement.. Meet the Prosecutor. Monroe County Prosecuting Attorney Chris Gaal. Monroe County Prosecuting Attorney Chris Gaal is committed to fair and equal justice before the law, and professionally serving the public safety needs of the crime victims and the community. Gaal has been a driving force behind several ground breaking initiatives that have built local partnerships to address important public safety issues.. In 2008, Gaal organized the Sexual Assault Response Team (SART), helped create a Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner program at I.U.Health Bloomington Hospital, and developed a rape prevention educational campaign involving Indiana University students and administration that won a leadership award from the I.U. Commission on Personal Safety.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding the Role of a Prosecutor

**Introduction:** A prosecutor is a lawyer who represents the government in criminal cases. They are responsible for deciding whether or not to file charges against someone accused of a crime, and they also present evidence and argue for conviction at trial. In this lesson, we will explore the role of a prosecutor and learn about the important work they do to ensure justice and public safety.

**Section 1: What does a prosecutor do?**

A prosecutor's job is to seek justice and protect the community by holding people accountable for their actions. They do this by reviewing evidence, interviewing witnesses, and working with law enforcement to build strong cases against those accused of crimes. Prosecutors also represent the state or federal government in court, presenting evidence and arguing for convictions when appropriate.

**Section 2: Why is the work of a prosecutor important?**

The work of a prosecutor is essential to maintaining a just and safe society. They ensure that crimes are investigated thoroughly, victims are supported, and perpetrators are held accountable for their actions. By pursuing convictions, prosecutors help to deter crime and protect communities from dangerous individuals.

**Section 3: How does a prosecutor make decisions?**

Prosecutors must make difficult decisions throughout the criminal justice process. They must decide whether or not to file charges, based on the strength of the evidence and the seriousness of the crime. They also must consider factors such as the defendant's prior record and the potential sentence if convicted. Prosecutors must balance the rights of the accused with the need to protect the community.

**Section 4: Real-world example**

Let's consider a hypothetical case where a young man is accused of stealing a car. The prosecutor must decide whether or not to file charges, based on the evidence gathered by law enforcement. They may consider factors such as the severity of the crime, the strength of the evidence, and the potential sentence if convicted. If charges are filed, the prosecutor must present the evidence in court and argue for a conviction.

**Conclusion:** The work of a prosecutor is essential to ensuring justice and public safety. By pursuing convictions, they help to deter crime and protect communities from dangerous individuals. This lesson has provided an overview of the role of a prosecutor and the important decisions they must make throughout the criminal justice process. By understanding the work of a prosecutor, we can better appreciate the important role they play in our society.

**Glossary:**
- Prosecutor: A lawyer who represents the government in criminal cases, responsible for deciding whether or not to file charges and presenting evidence at trial.
- Evidence: Information presented in court that is used to prove or disprove a fact.
- Conviction: A judgment in a criminal case that the defendant is guilty of a crime.
- Sentence: The punishment ordered by a court for a person convicted of a crime.


text:
But perhaps it is also time to revisit a warning that came years earlier, on Jan. 27, 2010, in one of the most unusual moments of the Barack Obama presidency.

Even if you don’t recall the date, you probably recall the incident: During Obama’s first official State of the Union address, he criticized a Supreme Court ruling, and Justice Samuel A. Alito Jr., sitting in the chamber, visibly challenged the president, shaking his head in disagreement and mouthing “not true” in response. It was considered a major “controversy” at the time (in a much gentler era).

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Many remember the moment, but few remember what Obama said that caused such a ruckus. Obama’s comments were about the then-recent decision in Citizens United, in which the court de-fanged an already rickety campaign finance regulation system. Obama said:

“Last week the Supreme Court reversed a century of law that I believe will open the floodgates for special interests, including foreign corporations, to spend without limits in our elections. I don’t think American elections should be bankrolled by America’s most powerful interests, or worse, by foreign entities.”

Check out the videotape: Alito’s “not true” was spoken specifically in response to Obama’s claim about the risk of foreign influence in U.S. elections.

Now — after Butina’s plea and this week’s Senate Intelligence Committee Report detailing how Russian money fueled social media efforts to promote the Trump campaign and suppress African American voting — the prescience of Obama’s warning seems particularly acute.

At the time, Alito was not the only one to wrongly call Obama wrong. Politifact rated Obama’s statement that night “mostly false” and said he had “overstated the ruling’s immediate impact on foreign companies' ability to spend unlimited money in U.S. political campaigns.” Perhaps the impact wasn’t “immediate,” but it was devastating in the first presidential election held without an incumbent after Citizens United was handed down.

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Obama’s critics can claim that what happened in 2016 was not precisely what he warned about: His comments were drawn from Justice John Paul Stevens’ powerful dissent in Citizens United, which noted that many U.S. corporations have foreign parents that could, after the ruling, funnel unlimited amounts into American campaigns through U.S. subsidiaries. In the 2016 campaign, it’s not clear if it was Russian “companies” — or the Russian government — that was funding the efforts, but U.S. corporate subsidiaries have not yet been shown to be the intermediaries.

And, of course, the fact that special counsel Robert S. Mueller III’s team is prosecuting people for the Russian influence scheme shows that such efforts remain illegal. So was Obama wrong when he said that Citizens United had opened “the floodgates” for foreign entities to influence our elections?

Sadly, no.

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First, whatever mechanisms that were used — lawful and unlawful, subsidiaries or subterfuge — what is becoming increasingly clear about 2016 is there were a vast array of means in which foreign dollars were spent to try to affect the outcome of our presidential election. Some of those dollars (or more specifically, rubles) were spent overseas on “troll farms” and “meme farms” to pollute our social media, some bought ads in the United States, and some found their way into unregulated campaign coffers here, such as the NRA’s program to help Trump. Clearly, as Obama warned, “foreign entities” affected our elections.

What we know thus far may also just be the tip of the iceberg. Just days ago, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit sided with federal prosecutors (believed to be from Mueller’s office) seeking records of a foreign company in connection with their investigation of activities by that corporation that had “a direct effect in the United States.” Stay tuned.

Most important, the “wild west” of unlimited outside money unleashed by Citizens United — estimated at $1.4 billion in 2016, up roughly five times from just eight years before — helped 2016’s foreign incursion escape more widespread notice while it was happening. With so much money flooding into the system, the questions of how strange social media activity was being funded and who was paying for the NRA’s effort for Trump were just two more mysteries in our rapidly expanding dark money universe.

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This is why the new House Democratic majority is wise to tackle campaign finance reform as part of the first bill they are submitting in the new Congress — H.R. 1, a package of reform measures to protect voting rights, strengthen electoral integrity and lessen special interest influence in our political system. It won’t fix everything — or even most — of what Obama worried about in the wake of Citizens United, but it is a step in the right direction.

And Justice Alito: President Obama is too polite to ask, but you can direct your apology note to Barack Obama, Obama Foundation, Chicago, Ill.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Impact of Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

**Introduction**

In 2010, President Barack Obama delivered his first official State of the Union address. During his speech, he criticized the Supreme Court's decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission. This case had a significant impact on American politics and campaign finance laws. In this lesson, we will explore the Citizens United decision, its implications, and how it has changed the landscape of political campaigns in the United States.

**Section 1: Understanding the Citizens United Decision**

The Citizens United case was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. The case was brought by a group of conservative organizations that argued that their freedom of speech was being restricted by campaign finance laws. Specifically, they argued that the McCain-Feingold Act, which limited the amount of money that corporations and unions could contribute to political campaigns, was unconstitutional.

The Supreme Court agreed with the plaintiffs and ruled that the McCain-Feingold Act was an unconstitutional infringement on free speech rights. The court's decision opened the door for corporations and unions to make unlimited contributions to political campaigns, as long as they were not coordinated with the candidate or party.

**Section 2: The Implications of Citizens United**

The Citizens United decision had far-reaching implications for American politics. Prior to the decision, campaign finance laws had been designed to prevent corruption and the appearance of corruption in politics. The McCain-Feingold Act was an attempt to limit the influence of money in politics by limiting the amount of money that could be contributed to campaigns.

However, with the Citizens United decision, corporations and unions were free to contribute as much money as they wanted to political campaigns. This led to an explosion of money in politics, as super PACs (political action committees) and other organizations sprung up to funnel millions of dollars into political campaigns.

**Section 3: The Changing Landscape of Political Campaigns**

The Citizens United decision has fundamentally changed the way that political campaigns are run in the United States. Prior to the decision, candidates relied primarily on small donations from individual donors to fund their campaigns. However, since the decision, candidates have increasingly relied on large donations from corporations and unions to fund their campaigns.

This shift has led to a situation where candidates are more beholden to their big donors than to their constituents. Candidates must spend a significant amount of time fundraising rather than focusing on policy issues that matter to their constituents.

**Conclusion**

The Citizens United decision has had a profound impact on American politics. It has led to an explosion of money in politics and has fundamentally changed the way that political campaigns are run. Candidates are now more beholden to their big donors than to their constituents, and the focus of political campaigns has shifted away from policy issues towards fundraising. As citizens, it is essential to understand the implications of this decision and work towards a political system that is more transparent and accountable to the people.


text: No one has ever accused skiing of being cheap. But if you're skiing in your 60s, it tends to be cheaper, and if you're still on those slippery slopes at age 70, it can even be free. That's because most ski areas offer discount passes starting at age 55 or 60 and offer free lifetime passes at ages ranging from 65 to 80 (though many areas have raised their age requirements recently).. Just like with those $5 baseball tickets, seniors and boomers are likely to find even better deals on tickets for midweek or blackout-date skiing. Put simply, the lifts are running anyway, so why not fill them?. In addition to lift tickets, look for discounts on lessons, lodging, rentals and anything else under the sun and snow. Check the Web sites of your favorite ski areas for details.. YouTube

textbook:
Lesson: How to Save Money on Skiing as a Senior
## Section 1: Introduction
In this self-taught lesson, we will explore ways to save money on skiing as a senior. We will cover the basics of skiing, including the different types of ski passes and discounts available to seniors. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to identify the best deals on skiing and apply them to your own skiing experiences.
## Section 2: The Basics of Skiing
Skiing is a popular winter activity that involves descending snow-covered slopes on skis. There are several different types of ski passes, including single-day, multi-day, and season passes. Single-day passes are typically the most expensive, while season passes offer significant savings for those who plan to ski multiple times during the season.
## Section 3: Discounts for Seniors
Many ski areas offer discounts on ski passes for seniors. The age requirement for these discounts varies by ski area, but is typically between 55 and 80 years old. Some ski areas also offer free lifetime passes for seniors. These passes are usually limited in number and require advance reservation.
## Section 4: Other Ways to Save Money
In addition to discounted ski passes, there are other ways to save money on skiing as a senior. Many ski areas offer discounts on lessons, lodging, rentals, and other services. Be sure to check the websites of your favorite ski areas for details on these discounts.
## Section 5: Conclusion
By taking advantage of discounted ski passes and other savings opportunities, seniors can enjoy the thrill of skiing without breaking the bank. Whether you're hitting the slopes for the first time or the hundredth, these tips will help you save money and make the most of your skiing experience.


text: Reminds me of post-war work units - work tunic.. Looking for following WWII German items:. - anything dealing with Allenstein (Olsztyn) and Wehrkreis I in East Prussia,. - entrenching tool carrier (straight and folding),. - forestry and hunting items,. Join my Facebook group -. Thanks for your reply, it certainly looks like a lot of work has been done in it.. I'm interested in the piping around the epaulettes, cuffs and collar. Does the blue/green signify anything?. I got this tunic about 20 years ago now and the seller (a chap in Kołobrzeg) told me it was 1945 pattern LWP.. Here are some more pictures:. Similar Threads. Bookmarks

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Mathematical Abstraction

### Section 1: What is Mathematical Abstraction?
Mathematical abstraction refers to the process of removing unnecessary details from a problem to focus on its essential features. It involves breaking down complex problems into simpler parts and analyzing them separately. This technique allows us to understand the underlying principles of a problem and develop solutions that can be applied to similar situations.

### Section 2: Why is Mathematical Abstraction Important?
Mathematical abstraction is an essential skill in mathematics because it helps us to:

1. Understand the fundamental concepts of a subject.
2. Identify patterns and relationships between different mathematical ideas.
3. Develop general solutions to problems rather than relying on specific cases.
4. Communicate complex ideas clearly and concisely.

### Section 3: Examples of Mathematical Abstraction
Let's consider the problem of finding the area of a circle. The formula for the area of a circle is A = πr^2, where r is the radius of the circle.

1. Without mathematical abstraction, we would need to know the exact dimensions of the circle (radius and diameter) to calculate its area. However, by using mathematical abstraction, we can simplify the formula to A = πr^2, which only requires the radius as input.
2. This abstraction allows us to apply the same formula to any circle, regardless of its size or shape.
3. We can also use this formula to find the area of other shapes that can be approximated as a circle, such as a rounded rectangular box.

### Conclusion
Mathematical abstraction is a powerful tool that allows us to break down complex problems into simpler parts and identify the essential features. By applying this technique, we can develop general solutions that can be applied to similar situations, communicate complex ideas clearly and concisely, and understand the fundamental concepts of a subject.


text: Book Briefs: Lane's Picks. 2009 was a good year for my book group. March 25, 2021. Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World by Jack Weatherford. Though this best-selling book was published in 2005, I didn't read it until 2009. Before then, my reading material rarely included invading empire-building conquerors. This was before Game of Thrones (GOT), both the books and HBO series, became an addiction in my household.. What little I had learned about Genghis Khan was that he was a violent and ruthless invader, on horseback, wearing fabulous fur fashion. I especially loved the hats. It turns out there was much more to the man than brutal empire building.. The name Gen.... For access to this article please sign in or subscribe.. Reader Comments(0)

textbook:
Lesson Title: Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World

Level: Primary through High School

Introduction:

In this lesson, we will explore the life and legacy of Genghis Khan, one of the most influential figures in world history. We will learn about his rise to power, his military conquests, and the impact he had on the modern world.

Section 1: Background Information

1. Who was Genghis Khan?

Genghis Khan was a Mongolian warrior who rose to power in the early 13th century. He is known for his military conquests, which created the largest contiguous empire in history.

2. What was his impact on the modern world?

Genghis Khan's military campaigns had a profound impact on the modern world. His conquests led to the spread of the Mongolian language and culture, as well as the establishment of trade routes that connected Europe and Asia. Additionally, his military tactics and organization influenced future conquerors such as Napoleon Bonaparte.

Section 2: The Rise of Genghis Khan

1. How did Genghis Khan become a powerful leader?

Genghis Khan became a powerful leader by uniting the nomadic tribes of the Mongolian steppes. He implemented a strict code of conduct and established a strong military force that allowed him to conquer neighboring territories.

2. What were some of his military victories?

Some of Genghis Khan's notable military victories include the defeat of the Tangut Empire, the conquest of the Jin Dynasty, and the invasion of Russia.

Section 3: Legacy and Impact

1. What were some of the lasting effects of Genghis Khan's conquests?

Genghis Khan's military conquests led to the creation of the largest contiguous empire in history, which spanned from Eastern Europe to Korea. His legacy also includes the establishment of the Pax Mongolica, a period of relative peace and stability in the region.

2. How did Genghis Khan influence the modern world?

Genghis Khan's military campaigns facilitated the spread of the Mongolian language and culture, as well as the establishment of trade routes that connected Europe and Asia. Additionally, his military tactics and organization influenced future conquerors such as Napoleon Bonaparte.

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we have explored the life and legacy of Genghis Khan, one of the most influential figures in world history. We have learned about his rise to power, his military conquests, and the impact he had on the modern world. By studying the life of Genghis Khan, we can gain a deeper understanding of the complexities of history and the ways in which events from the past continue to shape our present.

Glossary:

- Mongolian: relating to the Mongolian people or language
- Contiguous: forming a continuous land mass or territory
- Conquest: the act of seizing and occupying a place by force
- Legacy: a gift or inheritance from someone who has died
- Impact: the action of one object coming into contact with another
- Influence: the power to change or affect something

Self-Debate Discussion:

- How do you think the legacy of Genghis Khan has influenced modern-day politics and international relations?
- Can you think of any other historical figures whose legacies have had a similar impact on the modern world? Why or why not?
- Do you think that military conquests are always negative, or can they sometimes have positive effects? Explain your answer.


text:
List of diseases eliminated from the United States

This is a list of diseases known (or declared) to have been eliminated from the United States, either permanently or at one time. Most of the diseases listed were eliminated after coordinated public health campaigns. (Since some diseases can be eliminated and then reintroduced at a later time, such diseases are still eligible for the list, but with the fact of reintroduction noted.) Some entries are based on formal public health declarations, others are based on reliable information in the medical or public health literature. Since some diseases can be eliminated, but subsequently reimported without transmitting additional endemic cases, these are noted in a dedicated column. Although no fixed rule always applies, many infectious diseases (e.g., measles) are considered eliminated when no cases have been reported to public health authorities for at least 12 months.

(NB: In recent years, "elimination" is the preferred term for "regional eradication" of a disease; the term "eradication" is reserved for the reduction of an infectious disease's global prevalence to zero.)

Only 2 diseases have ever been eradicated, but the rest below are eliminated.

The eliminated diseases

Possible future eliminations
Various public health projects are going on, with a goal of eliminating diseases from the country. Several infectious diseases in the United States, not on the above list, are considered close to elimination (98-99% reductions): e.g., Haemophilus influenzae, mumps, rubella and congenital rubella.  Other disease pathogens (e.g., those of anthrax, rabies and tetanus) have been almost entirely eliminated from humans in the US, but remain as hazards in the environment, so cannot accurately be described as eliminated.  The stated goal of "eradication" of hookworm from the southeast US (1915-20) was not achieved, although the hookworm-infection rate of that region did drop by more than half.

In 1954, Congressional funds were first approved for a Cooperative State-Federal Brucellosis Eradication Program to eliminate the disease from the country. (Brucellosis is a problem mainly in livestock. In 1956, 124,000 affected herds were found by testing in the US. By 1992, the number had dropped to 700 herds and the number of affected, domestic herds has declined to single digits since then.)
The CDC Division of TB Elimination has a goal of controlling tuberculosis and eliminating it from the United States by minimizing the likelihood of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission, which will prevent the occurrence of new cases.
The Oral Rabies Vaccine (ORV) Program has a goal of preventing the spread of raccoon variant rabies and eventually eliminating it from the United States.
An effort has been made for several years to eliminate syphilis from the US. The rate of infection decreased through the 1990s, and in 2000, it was the lowest since reporting began in 1941, leading the US Surgeon General to issue a plan to eliminate the disease from the country. It has been staging a comeback, however, increasing each year since 2001.

References

United States, List of diseases eradicated from the
Category:Health campaigns
Eradicated from the United States, List of diseases
Category:Health in the United States

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Disease Elimination

### Section 1: What is Disease Elimination?
Disease elimination refers to the reduction or eradication of a specific disease or illness from a particular area or population. This can be achieved through various methods, including vaccination campaigns, public health education, and improved sanitation and hygiene practices.

### Section 2: Why is Disease Elimination Important?
Disease elimination is crucial because it helps to prevent the spread of illnesses that can cause severe health problems or even death. When diseases are eliminated, communities become healthier, and people can live longer, more productive lives. Additionally, disease elimination can help reduce healthcare costs and improve overall quality of life.

### Section 3: How is Disease Elimination Achieved?
Disease elimination can be achieved through a combination of strategies, including:

1. Vaccination campaigns: Vaccines can help protect individuals from contracting certain diseases, reducing the likelihood of an outbreak.

2. Public health education: Educating people about the importance of hygiene, sanitation, and other healthy behaviors can help prevent the spread of disease.

3. Improved sanitation and hygiene practices: Ensuring that people have access to clean water, proper waste disposal, and other essential hygiene resources can help reduce the risk of disease transmission.

4. Surveillance and monitoring: Regularly monitoring the spread of diseases within a community can help identify outbreaks early and prevent them from becoming widespread.

5. Quarantine and isolation: Isolating individuals who are sick or have been exposed to a disease can help prevent further transmission.

### Section 4: Examples of Disease Elimination
There are several examples of diseases that have been eliminated or significantly reduced in the United States, including:

1. Smallpox: This deadly disease was declared eliminated worldwide by the World Health Organization in 1980.

2. Polio: Thanks to successful vaccination campaigns, polio has been eliminated in the United States, although it still exists in some parts of the world.

3. Measles: Measles was once common in the United States, but thanks to vaccination efforts, it has been eliminated in this country.

4. Rubella: Also known as German measles, rubella was once a common childhood illness, but thanks to vaccination efforts, it has been eliminated in the United States.

### Glossary:
- Disease: An abnormal condition affecting the body or mind, caused by external factors such as bacteria or viruses.
- Elimination: The process of removing or getting rid of something.
- Outbreak: A sudden occurrence of a disease in a particular area or population.
- Vaccine: A substance used to stimulate the body's immune system to produce immunity against a specific disease.
- Surveillance: The continuous monitoring of a particular disease or health condition within a community.
- Quarantine: The act of separating individuals who have been exposed to a disease from those who have not been exposed.

### Conclusion:
Disease elimination is an important part of public health, helping to improve the overall health and well-being of communities. By understanding the strategies used to eliminate diseases and the importance of these efforts, we can work towards a healthier future for everyone.


text: Look like a Hollywod star with this classic, glamorous bun! (EXCLUSIVE VIDEO). Getting ready for a party and you simply don't know how to wear your hair? Find inspiration in the looks of your favorite stars. This classic bun is very in and it's so easy! Learn how to do it in the video I share here.. Enjoy more beauty videos in ¿Qué más? How to apply fake eyelashes in a few easy steps! (EXCLUSIVE VIDEO). What other beauty tips would you like Sonia to share with you? Tell us in the Comments section below!

textbook:
Title: How to Make a Classic, Glamorous Bun (EXCLUSIVE VIDEO)

## Section 1: Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn how to make a classic, glamorous bun that is easy to create and looks stunning. This hairstyle is perfect for any special occasion, such as a party or a wedding. We will cover the following topics:

1. Materials needed
2. Step-by-step instructions
3. Tips and tricks
4. Practice questions

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to create a beautiful bun that will make you feel like a Hollywood star.

## Section 2: Materials Needed

To make a classic, glamorous bun, you will need the following materials:

1. Hair brush
2. Hair pins
3. Bobby pins
4. Hairspray
5. Scrunchie (optional)

## Section 3: Step-by-Step Instructions

1. Start by brushing your hair to remove any tangles and to create a smooth surface for styling.
2. Divide your hair into two sections - one on top of the head and one at the back.
3. Create a low ponytail at the nape of your neck with the back section of your hair.
4. Wrap the ponytail around the base of the hairpin to secure it.
5. Repeat step 4 with the remaining hairpins until all of your hair is secured in a tight bun.
6. Spray hairspray over the bun to hold it in place.
7. If desired, secure the bun with a scrunchie for added hold.

## Section 4: Tips and Tricks

1. To get a smooth and polished look, brush your hair before creating the bun.
2. Use hairpins instead of bobby pins for a more secure hold.
3. Spray hairspray over the bun to keep it in place throughout the night.
4. Practice making the bun before a mirror to perfect your technique.

## Section 5: Practice Questions

1. What materials are needed to make a classic, glamorous bun?
2. How do you create a low ponytail for the bun?
3. What is the best way to secure the bun?
4. Can you use bobby pins instead of hairpins?
5. What is the purpose of spraying hairspray over the bun?

## Section 6: Conclusion

Creating a classic, glamorous bun is easy and stylish. By following these step-by-step instructions and practicing your technique, you can achieve a stunning hairstyle that will make you feel like a Hollywood star. Remember to use hairpins instead of bobby pins for a more secure hold, and spray hairspray over the bun to keep it in place throughout the night. With these tips and tricks, you'll be ready to rock any special occasion!


text: More people work in services than agriculture. Posted by cabalamat on 2007-Sep-05. For the first time since the invention of agriculture, farming is not the biggest sector of the global economy — services is. (Aggregate employment numbers often divide the economy into agriculture, industry, and services.) Workers are now moving directly from agriculture to services, bypassing the traditional route of manufacturing.”. On a related note, I read a few years ago that for the first time, most people are living in cities.

textbook:
Lesson: The Rise of Services in the Global Economy

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the rise of services in the global economy and its impact on the way we live and work. We will learn about the history of agriculture, industry, and services and how they have contributed to the growth of the global economy. We will also discuss the significance of the shift from agriculture to services and how it has changed the way we think about work and employment.

Section 1: Agriculture, Industry, and Services - A Historical Perspective
- Agriculture has been the backbone of the global economy for thousands of years.
- With the advent of industrialization in the 19th century, industry became an important sector of the global economy.
- However, the shift from agriculture to industry was gradual and took several centuries.

Section 2: The Rise of Services
- Services have become increasingly important in the global economy over the past few decades.
- In 2007, for the first time in history, services surpassed agriculture and industry as the largest sector of the global economy in terms of employment.
- This shift from agriculture to services has been rapid and has had a profound impact on the way we live and work.

Section 3: The Significance of the Shift from Agriculture to Services
- The shift from agriculture to services has led to a transformation in the way we think about work and employment.
- In the past, most people worked in agriculture, and the idea of a job was synonymous with manual labor.
- Today, however, many jobs require specialized skills and education, and the nature of work has become more diverse.

Section 4: Practical Examples of the Impact of the Shift from Agriculture to Services
- One example of the impact of the shift from agriculture to services is the growth of the technology industry.
- The technology industry has created millions of jobs worldwide, many of which did not exist before.
- Another example is the growth of the service sector in developed countries.
- In many developed countries, the service sector now accounts for a significant portion of the economy.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the shift from agriculture to services has had a profound impact on the global economy and the way we live and work. As we continue to move towards a more service-oriented economy, it is important that we understand the historical context of this shift and the significance it holds for our future. By learning about the history of agriculture, industry, and services and how they have contributed to the growth of the global economy, we can better understand the importance of the shift from agriculture to services and how it has changed the way we think about work and employment.


text:
279 S.W.3d 775 (2007)
ARK OF SAFETY CHRISTIAN CHURCH, INC., Appellant,
v.
CHURCH LOANS & INVESTMENTS TRUST, Appellee.
No. 07-07-0040-CV.
Court of Appeals of Texas, Amarillo.
July 5, 2007.
*776 Denise Tyler, Bowie, MD, for appellant.
C. Jared Knight, Lewis Coppedge, Burdett, Morgan, Williamson & Boykin L.L.P., Amarillo, for appellee.
Before QUINN, C.J., and CAMPBELL and HANCOCK, JJ.

OPINION
MACKEY K. HANCOCK, Justice.
Ark of Safety Christian Church (Ark) appeals from the granting of a summary judgment by the trial court in favor of Church Loans & Investments Trust (Church Loans). Prior to filing its brief in response to Ark's appellate brief, Church Loans has filed a motion to dismiss the appeal pursuant to Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 42.3(c). We grant the motion.

Procedural Background
On December 5, 2006, the trial court entered a final summary judgment against Ark in the amount of $57,750 in money damages, $24,000 in attorney fees, $7,170 in pre-judgment interest, and post-judgment interest accumulating at the rate of $19.90 per day. Ark subsequently filed a motion for new trial, which was overruled by order of the trial court on January 26, 2007. Ark gave notice of appeal on February 16, 2007. On January 23, 2007, Church Loans initiated post-judgment discovery by serving interrogatories and requests for production on Ark. The interrogatories and requests for production went unanswered and subsequently, on March 26, 2007, Church Loans filed a motion to compel answers to post-judgment discovery. The trial court held a hearing on Church Loans's motion to compel, on April 13, 2007, and ordered Ark to deliver full and complete answers and responses by 5:00 p.m. on April 18, 2007. At the same time, Ark was further ordered to pay reasonable attorney fees of $1,000 to Church Loans. Subsequently, on April 25, 2007, Church Loans filed a second motion to compel and a motion to show cause alleging that Ark had failed to comply with the trial court's order of April 13, 2007. As a result of the second motion, the trial court entered an order on April 27, 2007, requiring Ark to pay counsel for Church Loans, by 5:00 p.m. on May 2, 2007, $2,500 as sanctions for Church Loans being required to file a second motion to compel. The trial court also ordered Ark to provide full and complete answers and responses to Church Loans's post-judgment discovery by 5:00 p.m. on May 4, 2007. Further, the order of the trial court required Ark to pay $1,000 for each business day after May 4, 2007, that full and complete discovery, previously ordered, was not delivered to Church Loans. Finally, the trial court ordered that, if Ark had not complied with the order of the trial court by May 4, 2007, Ark was to personally appear before the court, by and through its Pastor, on Friday, May 11, 2007. On May 11, 2007, the trial court held a show cause hearing. The trial court held Ark's representative in contempt and ordered additional sanctions, fines, and required that Ark post a supersedeas bond in the amount of $100,000. The record reflects that no supersedeas bond was filed and that Ark took no action to comply with the trial court's orders.

Analysis
Based upon the failure of Ark to answer the post-judgment discovery, pay the associated sanctions, and/or file a supersedeas *777 bond, Church Loans has requested this court to dismiss the appeal. The losing party to a lawsuit for money damages has a choice to either submit to the judgment or supersede the judgment by filing of a proper bond while the case is pending appellate review. Hayes v. Hayes, 920 S.W.2d 344, 347 (Tex.App.-Texarkana 1996, writ denied). Since giving notice of appeal, Ark has neither answered post-judgment discovery, a method whereby the judgment creditor can attempt to enforce his judgment, nor has Ark superseded the judgment, even after being explicitly ordered to do so by the trial court's order of May 11, 2007. Ark has, therefore, failed to comply with an order of the trial court. TEX.R.APP. P. 42.3(c). Church has filed a motion requesting that we dismiss the appeal for Ark's failure to comply with the order of the trial court. Ark, though served with a copy of the motion, has filed no response. Inasmuch as the trial court's orders have not been complied with, we grant the dismissal of the appeal. TEX. R.APP. P. 42.3(c); Hayes, 920 S.W.2d at 347.

Conclusion
Church's motion to dismiss is granted and the appeal is dismissed.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Mathematics

Mathematics is the study of numbers, shapes, and patterns. It is an essential subject that helps us understand the world around us. This lesson will introduce you to the basics of mathematics, including numbers, algebra, geometry, and statistics.

Section 1: Numbers

Numbers are the basic building blocks of mathematics. They can be used to count, measure, and compare things. There are different types of numbers, such as whole numbers, fractions, decimals, and percentages.

Whole Numbers: Whole numbers are the counting numbers, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on. They can be positive or negative, but not zero.

Fractions: Fractions are parts of a whole. They are written as a numerator over a denominator, such as 3/4 or 7/8.

Decimals: Decimals are numbers with one or more digits to the right of the decimal point. They can be positive or negative, such as 0.5 or -0.25.

Percentages: Percentages are fractions expressed as a part of 100. They are used to express how much of something is left to be done or how much of something has been completed.

Section 2: Algebra

Algebra is the study of mathematical symbols and how they relate to one another. It involves solving equations, which are statements that two expressions are equal.

Solving Equations: To solve an equation, you need to isolate the variable (usually x) on one side of the equal sign (=). You can do this by adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing the terms.

Example: 2x + 5 = 10

Solution:
2x = 10 - 5
x = 5

Section 3: Geometry

Geometry is the study of shapes and their properties. It includes points, lines, angles, triangles, circles, and other polygons.

Points: Points are the basic building blocks of geometry. They have no size or shape, but they have a position.

Lines: Lines are straight paths that extend infinitely in both directions. They have no thickness, but they have a beginning and an end.

Angles: Angles are the corners of polygons or the bends in a line. They are measured in degrees, radians, or turns.

Triangles: Triangles are three-sided polygons. They have three angles and three sides, and they can be classified by their sides or their angles.

Circles: Circles are round shapes that have all the same distance from their center. They have a radius and a diameter, and they can be used to find areas and volumes.

Section 4: Statistics

Statistics is the study of data and how it is collected, organized, analyzed, and interpreted. It is used in many fields, such as business, medicine, and social sciences.

Measurement: Measurement is the process of assigning numbers to objects or events. It can be done using nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio scales.

Data Collection: Data collection is the process of gathering information about a particular topic. It can be done using surveys, experiments, or observations.

Data Analysis: Data analysis is the process of organizing, summarizing, and interpreting data. It can be done using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, or graphical methods.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, mathematics is a fascinating subject that helps us understand the world around us. It involves numbers, algebra, geometry, and statistics, which can be used in many different fields. By mastering these concepts, you can become a better problem solver and a more informed citizen.


text: Nwilson: Is it ok for a child to be pulled out by a special ed aide from a CORE class to work on IEPs? I don’t understand this. I’m being told that’s the only way it can fit in the schedule. I’m the teacher and they are being pulled 2 x per week from my core class instead of a lab class. How can this help them? They missed 2 test reviews for a test we had at the end of the week.. This is an issue that school administrators need to get involved in. Hopefully they will work with you to the student’s & your needs, & obligations.

textbook:
Title: Special Education and Core Classes

---

# Lesson Overview

In this lesson, we will learn about the relationship between special education and core classes. We will explore the importance of inclusive education and how it benefits all students. We will also discuss the role of special education aides in supporting students with disabilities in the classroom.

# Learning Objectives

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

1. Describe the purpose of core classes and special education.
2. Explain why it is important for students with disabilities to be included in core classes.
3. Identify the role of special education aides in supporting students with disabilities in the classroom.
4. Discuss the benefits of inclusive education for all students.
5. Analyze the potential challenges of pulling a student out of a core class for special education services.

# Lesson Content

## Core Classes and Special Education

Core classes are the basic classes that all students take, such as math, science, and language arts. Special education is a program that provides additional support and services to students with disabilities to help them succeed in school.

## Inclusive Education

Inclusive education is the practice of including students with disabilities in regular education classes alongside their non-disabled peers. This approach benefits all students by promoting social inclusion, reducing prejudice, and fostering positive relationships among students.

## Role of Special Education Aides

Special education aides work with teachers to provide support to students with disabilities in the classroom. They may assist with instruction, help students with disabilities access materials, and provide other necessary accommodations.

## Benefits of Inclusive Education

Inclusive education has many benefits for both students with disabilities and their non-disabled peers. These benefits include:

1. Improved academic achievement for students with disabilities.
2. Increased social and emotional development for all students.
3. Improved attitudes towards people with disabilities.
4. Increased opportunities for peer interaction and friendship.

## Challenges of Pulling Students Out of Core Classes

While special education services are important for students with disabilities, pulling them out of core classes can present challenges. These challenges include:

1. Missing important instructional time in core classes.
2. Reduced opportunities for peer interaction and socialization.
3. Difficulty in keeping up with class material due to missed instruction.

# Conclusion

In conclusion, it is essential for students with disabilities to receive special education services to support their learning. However, it is also important to consider the benefits of inclusive education and the potential challenges of pulling students out of core classes. By working together, educators, parents, and administrators can create a supportive and inclusive learning environment for all students.


text: Welcome to our Hadith Certificate Course: “40 Hadith Nawawi”. In this course, students will study the famous compilation entitled مباني الإسلام وقواعد الأحكام by Imam Abu Zakariyyah Muhyi ad-Deen ibn Sharaf an-Nawawi (676 AH), which is more commonly known today as “40 Hadith Nawawi” or الأربعين النووية in Arabic.. The first 26 ahadith in the compilation were collected by the great scholar of Hadith Ibn Salaah. Imam an-Nawawi decided to add 16 additional Hadith to the collection which then became a grand total of 42. Although the entire collection consists of 42 ahadith, we say “40 Hadith Nawawi” as the title because the Arabs like to round down when counting.. This is a 2-part course. In Part 1 we will cover the first 21 Hadith in the compilation. We will analyze these ahadith and derive benefits from an Aqeedah, Fiqh, Usul al:. 20+ classes. . Questions?)

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Hadith Studies

### Section 1: What are Hadith and their significance in Islam?

Hadith are the recorded sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) that provide guidance and instruction for Muslims. They serve as a source of law and ethics in Islam, complementing the Quran. The significance of Hadith lies in their ability to explain and clarify the Quran, providing context and application for its teachings.

### Section 2: The importance of studying Hadith

Studying Hadith is essential for understanding the fullness of Islamic law and practice. By studying the words and deeds of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), we can gain insight into how to live our lives according to Allah's guidance. Additionally, Hadith helps us understand the context of the Quran, allowing us to apply its teachings in our daily lives.

### Section 3: The role of scholars in Hadith studies

Scholars play a crucial role in Hadith studies, as they are responsible for preserving, analyzing, and transmitting the Hadith. They ensure that the Hadith is authentic and reliable before it is taught to others. This process involves a thorough examination of the chain of transmission, the content, and the reliability of the narrators.

### Glossary:
- Hadith: The recorded sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)
- Quran: The holy book of Islam
- Sunnah: The body of Hadith that records the life and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)
- Sharia: Islamic law derived from the Quran and Sunnah
- Scholars: Islamic experts who study and interpret the Quran and Sunnah

### Conclusion:
Studying Hadith is an essential part of understanding Islamic law and practice. By learning from the words and deeds of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), we can apply the teachings of the Quran in our daily lives. Scholars play a vital role in preserving and transmitting the Hadith, ensuring that they are reliable and authentic.


text: PT. INDONESIA DS INDAH KARYA provides solutions for companies that need various commodities.. Our Sourcing Team is able to help source anything that you need for Maintaining Efficiency and Profitability in production.. We have the Expertise and Experience to source “hard to find” items.. Please Contact Us for more information.

textbook:
Lesson: Sourcing and Procurement

## Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about sourcing and procurement. Sourcing refers to the process of finding and selecting suppliers for goods or services, while procurement involves acquiring these goods or services from external sources. Both sourcing and procurement are essential in businesses to ensure that they have the necessary resources to operate efficiently and profitably.

## Section 2: Understanding Sourcing and Procurement
Sourcing and procurement are two interrelated processes that businesses use to acquire goods and services. Sourcing involves identifying potential suppliers, evaluating their capabilities, and selecting the best one based on factors such as quality, price, and delivery time. Procurement, on the other hand, involves negotiating contracts with selected suppliers, placing orders, and managing the supply chain to ensure that goods and services are delivered on time and within budget.

## Section 3: Importance of Sourcing and Procurement
Effective sourcing and procurement practices are crucial for maintaining efficiency and profitability in any business. By sourcing goods and services from reliable suppliers at competitive prices, businesses can reduce their costs and increase their margins. Procurement also helps businesses to manage their supply chains effectively, ensuring that raw materials are available when needed and that finished products are delivered to customers on time.

## Section 4: Challenges in Sourcing and Procurement
One of the main challenges in sourcing and procurement is finding suppliers that can meet the specific needs of a business. This may require extensive research and negotiation to identify the best suppliers and negotiate favorable terms. Another challenge is managing supplier relationships, which requires effective communication and collaboration to ensure that both parties are working towards the same goals.

## Section 5: Practical Examples
Let's consider a manufacturing company that needs to source raw materials for its production process. The company's sourcing team would identify potential suppliers of the required materials, evaluate their capabilities, and select the best one based on factors such as quality, price, and delivery time. Once a supplier has been selected, the procurement team would negotiate a contract with them, place an order for the required materials, and manage the supply chain to ensure that they are delivered on time and within budget.

## Section 6: Self-Debating Discussion
Why is it important for businesses to have effective sourcing and procurement practices? What are some common challenges that businesses face when sourcing and procuring goods and services? How can businesses overcome these challenges?

## Conclusion
In conclusion, sourcing and procurement are essential processes for any business that wants to maintain efficiency and profitability. By identifying reliable suppliers, negotiating favorable terms, and managing supply chains effectively, businesses can reduce costs and increase margins. Effective communication and collaboration with suppliers are also crucial for building strong relationships and ensuring that both parties work towards the same goals. By applying the concepts learned in this lesson, students can develop their skills in sourcing and procurement and contribute to the success of their organizations.


text: Lightning Strikes: LinkedIn Founder Hoists The Bitcoin Trust Chain Torch – Ethereum World News. It isn’t a secret that the Lightning Network, a second-layer solution aimed at easing the qualms Bitcoin faces with scalability, has seen monumental levels of adoption as of late. This second-layer ecosystem has seen its maximum capacity swell well over the 700 BTC milestone, cementing its viability as a system that provides cost-efficient, rapid, secure, and more private transactions.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to the Lightning Network

## Section 1: What is the Lightning Network?
The Lightning Network is a second-layer payment protocol that operates on top of the Bitcoin blockchain. It allows users to make fast, cheap, and private transactions without the need for miners or the main blockchain. The Lightning Network uses a decentralized network of nodes to facilitate these transactions.

## Section 2: How does the Lightning Network work?
The Lightning Network works by establishing a channel between two parties who want to transact with each other. Once the channel is open, they can send funds back and forth without having to broadcast each transaction to the entire network. These channels are secured using hash-time locked contracts, which ensure that the funds are only released when both parties agree.

## Section 3: Why use the Lightning Network?
The Lightning Network provides several benefits over traditional Bitcoin transactions. Firstly, it is much faster, as transactions can be completed in seconds rather than minutes. Secondly, it is much cheaper, as the fees are typically much lower than those associated with on-chain transactions. Finally, it is much more private, as the transactions are not visible on the public blockchain.

## Section 4: How do I set up a Lightning Network node?
Setting up a Lightning Network node requires some technical knowledge and access to a full node of the Bitcoin blockchain. However, once you have set up your node, you can use a variety of software wallets to interact with the network.

## Section 5: What are the risks associated with the Lightning Network?
While the Lightning Network is still a relatively new technology, there are some risks associated with its use. For example, if a node in the network goes offline or becomes compromised, it could result in the loss of funds for the users involved. Additionally, there is still some uncertainty around the legal status of the Lightning Network in certain jurisdictions.

## Glossary:
- Hash-time locked contracts: A type of smart contract that uses the hash of a previous block to secure the contract.
- On-chain transactions: Transactions that are recorded on the main blockchain.
- Blockchain: A digital ledger of all transactions that are confirmed and added to the blockchain.

## Conclusion:
The Lightning Network is an exciting development in the world of cryptocurrency, providing faster, cheaper, and more private transactions. By understanding how it works and the risks associated with it, you can make informed decisions about whether it is right for you.


text:
Serious Reads: Anne Mendelson’s Milk

Your mother made you drink three glasses each day. There’s probably a carton in your fridge right now. And, as Anne Mendelson likes to remind us, it was every mammal's first food.

But even though milk is a staple of Americans’ everyday lives, most of us know virtually nothing about it—where it originated, how it’s being produced, or how unique our milk-guzzling tendencies are. In her James Beard-nominated book, Milk: The Surprising History Of Milk Through The Ages, Anne Mendelson sets out to educate us. Sweeping through the human history of dairy and the advent of modern milk production, before diving into recipes for everything from New England clam chowder to Indian panir cheese, Mendelson pens “the culinary guidebook, dairy-chemistry-for-cooks primer, and eclectic recipe collection” that she “always vainly wished somebody had written.”

Milk

The Surprising History Of Milk Through The AgesAuthor: Anne MendelsonGet It: Hardcover on Amazon.com

The result is a somewhat scattered, if thematically coherent look at milk in all its culinary and cultural incarnations. While most Americans think of milk primarily as a beverage or cereal topping, Mendelson wants to show us how unusual our reliance on unsoured milk is. Humans are the only creatures to extract and drink another animal’s milk. Northwestern Europeans, and, through colonial extension, Americans are among the few to drink great quantities of fresh milk, rather than naturally soured; fresh milk is far more difficult to preserve (and, with its unbroken lactose, digest). And twentieth-century Americans, spurred by industrial advancements and widespread demand, were the first to transform milk into the vitamin-enriched, de-fatted, texturally uniform drink we know today.

What’s wrong with this picture? According to Mendelson, our grocery stores keep Americans from appreciating the beauty of truly fresh milk or the variety of milk products in the rest of the world—the curdled cheeses of India, Polish buttermilk soups, or the yogurts of “Yogurtistan” (her favored shorthand for much of India and the Middle East).

Her three-pronged thesis: Dairy is diverse. Twentieth-century Americans have simplified, modified, and techonologized milk beyond recognition. But our twenty-first century openness to other culinary traditions may yet show us the way.

Her recipes and kitchen experiments aim to acquaint Americans with other forms of dairy. They rely, however, almost exclusively on unhomogenized milk. Most supermarket milk is pasteurized and homogenized, and Mendelson clearly sees the latter as the greater of the two evils. The process pulverizes fat particles so that they distribute uniformly, and can be extracted and mixed back into the liquid in any amount. Homogenized milk no longer naturally separates, rendering our skim, 2%, and “whole” milk less fit for experimentation. As a result, many of her recipes are hard to recreate, without an often frustrating search for unhomogenized dairy. But that, I suppose, is part of her point.

At times, Mendelson slips too easily into the role of the wide-eyed anthropologist, full of love and admiration, it seems, for everything but the American present—rhapsodizing about the farmstead dairy of yore, praising the “lovely” culinary delights of Lebanon and India, and hailing recent immigrants as the saviors of American dairy. Her laments about the plight of unenlightened American milk drinkers can grow a bit wearisome. As anyone who gave up watery Yogplait for thick, creamy Fage can attest, however, she has a point.

Though many of her recipes look excellent—a Gujarati corn pudding, Turkish poached eggs in yogurt sauce—they seem a rather loosely chosen collection, unified only by their incorporation of dairy. Mendelson is at her best with the most basic recipes: homemade buttermilk, cream cheese, yogurt, butter, crème fraiche. Rather than intimidate, her jarringly simple instructions make one want to rush out, bring home a few gallons of fresh milk, and play like a third-grader with a chemistry set. And watching milk set into yogurt, using little more than one’s own stovetop, drives home the latent possibilities of dairy better than anything else could.

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textbook:
Lesson: The Science of Milk

Introduction:

Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of female mammals for the purpose of nourishing their young. It has been consumed by humans for thousands of years and is an essential part of many cultures' cuisine. However, there is much more to milk than just its taste and nutritional value. In this lesson, we will explore the science behind milk, including its composition, production, and uses.

Section 1: Composition of Milk

Milk is composed of several components, including water, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. These components work together to provide the body with the necessary nutrients for growth and development.

1. Water: Milk is approximately 87% water, which makes it an excellent source of hydration.
2. Proteins: Milk contains two main types of proteins - casein and whey. Casein is responsible for giving milk its thick consistency, while whey provides lactose, a type of sugar.
3. Fats: Milk contains several types of fat, including saturated and unsaturated fats. These fats are essential for energy and help the body absorb certain vitamins.
4. Carbohydrates: Milk contains lactose, a type of sugar that serves as a source of energy for the body.
5. Vitamins: Milk is rich in several vitamins, including vitamin D, which helps the body absorb calcium and maintain strong bones.
6. Minerals: Milk is also a good source of minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and potassium, which are essential for maintaining healthy bones and teeth.

Section 2: Production of Milk

Milk is produced by the mammary glands of female mammals, typically after they have given birth. The production of milk is regulated by hormones such as prolactin and oxytocin, which are released by the pituitary gland in the brain.

1. Lactation: When a female mammal gives birth, the hormone oxytocin is released, which stimulates the production of milk. Prolactin, another hormone, also plays a role in maintaining milk production.
2. Milking: To collect milk, female mammals are typically milked by hand or machine. The milk is then stored and transported to processing plants where it is further processed.
3. Processing: Milk goes through several stages of processing before it reaches our tables. It is first pasteurized to kill any bacteria present, then homogenized to break up the fat molecules, and finally fortified with vitamins.

Section 3: Uses of Milk

Milk has numerous uses, both in cooking and in other industries.

1. Cooking: Milk is used in many recipes as a base ingredient. It can be used to make soups, sauces, desserts, and many other dishes.
2. Beverages: Milk can be consumed on its own or used to create flavored drinks. Examples include chocolate milk and fruit smoothies.
3. Industry: Milk is used in various industries, such as the production of cheese, butter, yogurt, and other dairy products.
4. Nutrition: Milk is an excellent source of protein, calcium, and other essential nutrients, making it an important part of a balanced diet.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, milk is a fascinating substance with a rich history and diverse applications. From its composition and production to its uses in cooking and industry, there is much to learn about this versatile and essential food. By understanding the science behind milk, we can appreciate its many benefits and incorporate it into our lives in meaningful ways.


text: Appendix B: Interpretations of Church Law. From Wesleyan Discipline. Revision as of 19:06, 25 March 2021 by imported>Seedthrower (Replaced content with "{{:6800}}"). 6800. This section contains the official interpretations of The Discipline of The Wesleyan Church by the General Superintendent which have been sustained by the General Conference and are therefore in full force and effect as church law (1935:52). Each interpretation is identified by the paragraph number of The Discipline to which it refers. Whenever a revision of The Discipline makes an interpretation unnecessary or renders it obsolete, the interpretation is to be deleted from The Discipline by order of the General Conference (Minutes of the 1976 General Conference, proceeding 276).

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Church Law

### Section 1: What is Church Law?
Church law refers to the rules and regulations that govern the operations and activities of a church or religious organization. These laws are created to maintain order, protect the rights of members, and ensure that the church operates in accordance with its beliefs and values.

### Section 2: Why do we need Church Law?
Church law is essential because it provides a framework for the church to function effectively. It helps to resolve disputes, protect the rights of members, and ensure that the church remains true to its mission and values. Without church law, it would be challenging to maintain order and structure within the church.

### Section 3: How does Church Law affect me?
As a member of a church, you are subject to the church's laws and regulations. You are expected to follow these laws and respect the authority of the church leadership. Church law can impact your rights and responsibilities within the church, so it is essential to understand and abide by them.

### Section 4: Types of Church Law
There are several types of church law, including canon law, civil law, and constitutional law. Canon law is the legal system of the church, which governs the internal operation of the church. Civil law refers to the laws of the land where the church is located, and constitutional law outlines the rights and freedoms of individuals within the church.

### Section 5: Examples of Church Law
Examples of church law include rules on membership, discipline, and finances. For instance, a church may have rules on who can become a member, how members should behave, and what happens if a member violates the church's standards. The church may also have laws on how financial resources are managed and distributed.

### Section 6: Conclusion
Understanding church law is essential for any member of a church. By following the laws and regulations, you can contribute to a harmonious and effective church community. Remember that church law is there to protect and serve the church, so it is crucial to respect and abide by it.


text: Secondary Social Studies. The Howard County Public School System has a comprehensive social studies program which takes students from the familiar to the new, from local environments to places far away, and from the concrete to the abstract.. Family Resources. Learn more the Secondary Social Studies curriculum →.. Social Studies Advisory Board. The mission of the Social Studies Advisory Board is to:. - Serve as a community sounding board for issues related to Social Studies education in Howard County.. - Serve as an advisory group for the adoption of new Social Studies textbooks and curricula.. - Advocate for the Social Studies program in a wide range of arenas, both public and private.. The purpose of this. Anyone interested in service on this committee should contact C. Renee Bos, Coordinator of Secondary Social Studies, or Kim Loisel, Coordinator of Elementary Social Studies.. Contact: C. Renee Bos, Secondary Social Studies Coordinator

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Importance of Social Studies in Education

Introduction:
Social studies is a subject that is often overlooked by students and teachers alike. However, it plays a crucial role in helping students understand the world around them. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of social studies in education and how it can help students develop critical thinking skills, understand different cultures, and make informed decisions.

Section 1: What is Social Studies?
Social studies is a subject that focuses on the study of human behavior and interaction. It includes disciplines such as history, geography, economics, civics, and sociology. Social studies helps students understand how people interact with each other and their environment.

Section 2: Why is Social Studies Important?
Social studies is important because it helps students develop critical thinking skills. By analyzing different cultures and societies, students learn to question information and form their own opinions. Social studies also helps students understand the world around them and how it has evolved over time. This knowledge is essential for making informed decisions about current events and future opportunities.

Section 3: How does Social Studies Help Students Develop Critical Thinking Skills?
Social studies helps students develop critical thinking skills by encouraging them to analyze information from multiple perspectives. For example, when studying different cultures, students must consider how historical events and societal norms have shaped those cultures. By examining these factors, students learn to think critically and form their own opinions based on evidence.

Section 4: Understanding Different Cultures
Social studies also helps students understand different cultures and how they interact with one another. By studying the customs, beliefs, and traditions of other cultures, students learn to appreciate diversity and empathize with others. This understanding is essential for living in a global society where people from different backgrounds come together.

Section 5: Making Informed Decisions
Social studies helps students make informed decisions by providing them with a foundation of knowledge about the world. By understanding how societies function and how events have shaped the world, students are better equipped to make decisions based on evidence rather than emotion.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, social studies is an essential subject that helps students develop critical thinking skills, understand different cultures, and make informed decisions. By providing students with a foundation of knowledge about the world, social studies prepares them for success in a global society.


text: <. More Movies At: CINEMALIVETV.COM. GET BLOCK BUSTER MOVIE TOTAL ACCESS!!!. Link To This Video. Get Satellite TV Here!!!. A modern supernatural horror film that explores the dark side of the human psyche, and the terror in facing up to one's darkest fears....... Following the deadly climax of "Green Street Hooligans," several members of the West Ham firm and numerous members of Millwall end up in jail.... Leaving the spooky mansions and masked villains of America behind, this animated movie takes Mystery Inc. to Japan in search of a national treasure: the Sword of Fate. Unfortunately for the jittery nerves of Scooby and Shaggy. With a family history of diabetes on both sides and seeing actual normal people throw themselves into this raw food lifestyle for 30 days and seeing the healing results..

textbook:
# Lesson: How to Find Information Online
In today's digital age, finding information online is an essential skill. Whether you are researching for a school project or simply looking for information on a topic that interests you, knowing how to find reliable sources and evaluate their credibility is crucial. In this lesson, we will cover the basics of searching for information online, including how to use search engines, evaluate websites, and avoid plagiarism.
## Section 1: Using Search Engines
Search engines are the most common way to find information online. They work by indexing web pages and returning results based on keywords. Here are some tips for using search engines effectively:
- Use specific keywords: The more specific your keywords, the more relevant your search results will be. For example, instead of just typing "dog," try typing "Golden Retriever."
- Use quotation marks: Using quotation marks around a phrase will return results that contain the exact phrase. This is useful if you want to find a specific phrase or quote.
- Use advanced search operators: Advanced search operators allow you to refine your search by adding additional words or phrases. For example, you can use the "site" operator to limit your search to a specific website.
## Section 2: Evaluating Websites
Not all websites are created equal. Some websites are reliable sources of information, while others may be unreliable or even fake news. Here are some tips for evaluating websites:
- Check the domain name: Websites with ".edu" or ".gov" in the domain name are generally reliable sources of information.
- Look for author credentials: If the website contains information written by an expert, look for their credentials (e.g., PhD, MD).
- Check the date: Make sure the information on the website is up-to-date. Old information may no longer be relevant.
- Check for citations: Reliable websites will often cite their sources so you can verify the information for yourself.
## Section 3: Avoiding Plagiarism
Plagiarism is the act of using someone else's work without giving them credit. It is a serious offense that can result in disciplinary action. Here are some tips for avoiding plagiarism:
- Cite your sources: Always cite the source of any information you use in your work. This includes quotes, paraphrased information, and ideas.
- Paraphrase correctly: Paraphrasing means putting someone else's words into your own words. Make sure you do not use the same phrasing or structure as the original source.
- Quote correctly: If you use a direct quote from a source, make sure you put it in quotation marks and cite the source.
## Conclusion
Finding information online is a valuable skill that can help you in many aspects of life. By using search engines effectively, evaluating websites, and avoiding plagiarism, you can find reliable information and use it to your advantage.


text: I have lived in Islington for nine years and work in public policy, specialising in social policy. I am particularly interested in understanding more about how the school is run in terms of finances. I am also interested in supporting the happiness and well being of all the school’s pupils.

textbook:
Core Value: Understanding school finances and supporting the happiness and well-being of all pupils.

Lesson: How Schools Are Funded and Supporting Pupil Well-being

**Introduction**

In this lesson, we will learn about how schools are funded and what steps can be taken to support the happiness and well-being of all pupils. We will start by exploring the different sources of funding for schools and then move on to discussing the importance of mental health and well-being for students.

**Section 1: Sources of School Funding**

Schools receive funding from a variety of sources, including government grants, local taxes, and donations from individuals and organizations. In this section, we will explore these different sources of funding in more detail.

**Question:** What are some of the different sources of funding for schools?
**Answer:** Some of the different sources of funding for schools include government grants, local taxes, and donations from individuals and organizations.

**Definition:** Government grants are funds that are provided to schools by the government to help cover the costs of education. Local taxes are collected by the local government and are used to fund schools and other community programs. Donations from individuals and organizations can come in the form of financial contributions or in-kind donations, such as supplies or equipment.

**Example:** Let's say that a school receives $100,000 in government grants, $50,000 in local taxes, and $20,000 in donations from individuals and organizations. This would give the school a total budget of $170,000 for the year.

**Section 2: Supporting Pupil Well-being**

Mental health and well-being are crucial for students to thrive academically and socially. In this section, we will explore some strategies that schools can use to support the happiness and well-being of all pupils.

**Question:** Why is it important to support the happiness and well-being of all pupils?
**Answer:** It is essential to support the happiness and well-being of all pupils because it has been shown that when students feel safe, happy, and supported, they are more likely to succeed academically and socially. Additionally, promoting mental health and well-being can help reduce stress and anxiety, which can negatively impact academic performance.

**Definition:** Mental health refers to the emotional and psychological well-being of an individual. Well-being refers to the state of being comfortable, healthy, and happy.

**Example:** One strategy that schools can use to support pupil well-being is to provide opportunities for students to engage in physical activity and exercise. Exercise has been shown to improve mental health and well-being, so incorporating it into the school day can have a positive impact on students.

**Glossary**
- Government grants: funds provided to schools by the government
- Local taxes: taxes collected by the local government to fund community programs, including schools
- Donations: financial contributions or in-kind donations from individuals and organizations
- Mental health: emotional and psychological well-being
- Well-being: state of being comfortable, healthy, and happy

**Conclusion**

Understanding how schools are funded and supporting the happiness and well-being of all pupils are essential aspects of running a successful school. By exploring the different sources of funding and implementing strategies to promote mental health and well-being, schools can create an environment where all students can thrive academically and socially.


text: Monsanto punitive damages slashed by judge; Verdict upheld. A.. Shares of chemical giant Bayer, the parent of Monsanto, dropped 11 percent on Tuesday in European trading, as investors had been hoping the judge would order a new trial or reduce the award by an even greater amount, according to The Wall Street Journal.. Trending News. Billions in revenue could be at stake for Monsanto, which has relied on Roundup to boost revenue and profits since it was introduced in the 1970s. The lawsuit is one of hundreds alleging Roundup causes cancer, but it was the first one to go to trial. While studies have found Roundup's active chemical to be safe, the lawsuits could cause some consumers to shy away from purchasing the product... Roundup concerns.. Jurors upset.

textbook:
Lesson: The Legal System and Business Implications of Product Liability Lawsuits

**Introduction**

In this lesson, we will explore the legal system and business implications of product liability lawsuits. We will examine the case of Monsanto and their herbicide, Roundup, and how it has faced legal challenges regarding its safety. This lesson is designed for primary through high school students who want to learn about the legal system and how it impacts businesses.

**Section 1: The Legal System**

The legal system is a complex network of rules and procedures that govern how we resolve disputes in society. It is designed to provide a fair and just resolution to conflicts, ensuring that everyone's rights are protected. In the case of product liability lawsuits, individuals or groups can bring legal action against a manufacturer if they believe that their product caused them harm.

**Section 2: The Monsanto Case**

Monsanto is a chemical company that produces a variety of products, including the herbicide Roundup. In 2018, a jury found that Roundup was responsible for causing cancer in a man named Dewayne Johnson. The jury awarded Johnson $289 million in damages, which was later reduced to $78 million.

Monsanto has faced thousands of similar lawsuits, and while studies have found Roundup's active chemical to be safe, the lawsuits could cause some consumers to shy away from purchasing the product. This could potentially lead to a decrease in sales and revenue for Monsanto.

**Section 3: Business Implications**

Product liability lawsuits can have significant business implications for companies like Monsanto. If a product is found to be unsafe, it can damage the company's reputation, leading to a loss of customer trust and confidence in their products. This can result in a decrease in sales and revenue, as well as potential legal fees and settlements.

Additionally, if a product is found to be unsafe, it may be subject to regulatory actions such as recalls or bans. This can be costly and time-consuming for the company, further impacting their bottom line.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

In conclusion, the legal system plays a crucial role in resolving disputes and protecting individual rights. Product liability lawsuits, such as those brought against Monsanto, can have significant business implications for companies. These lawsuits can damage a company's reputation, leading to a loss of customer trust and confidence in their products. As a result, it is essential for companies to ensure that their products are safe and meet all necessary safety standards.

**Glossary**
- Product liability: A legal theory that holds a manufacturer or seller of a product responsible for any injuries or damages caused by the product.
- Damages: A sum of money awarded to a plaintiff in a civil lawsuit to compensate for the harm suffered as a result of the defendant's actions.
- Recall: The process of retrieving a product that has already been sold to the consumer due to a safety issue.

**Self-Debating Discussion**

Do you think that companies should be held responsible for the safety of their products? Why or why not?