text: Francesco Gori, former Pirelli Tyre SpA CEO and managing director, and Padma Bhushan Shri Vinod Rai, former comptroller and auditor general of India, have been appointed to the Apollo Tyres Ltd.'s board of directors.. "Their vast experience would further strengthen our board, and add value to our strategic decision making process,” says Chairman Onkar S Kanwar.. Gori joined the company last October as its strategy advisor. He is also a member of the company’s management board.. He spent more than 33 years with Pirelli & Cie SpA in the field of product development, sales and marketing, product management, etc. His last appointment was as the CEO of Pirelli Tyre, a position that he held from 2006 until he left the company in 2012.. Vinod Rai, an independent board member, was a 1972 batch Kerala cadre officer of Indian Administrative Service (IAS). Prior to his appointment as financial services secretary, he was an additional secretary in the Banking Division of the Finance Ministry, Government of India.

textbook:
Lesson: Corporate Governance and Board of Directors
Introduction:
Corporate governance refers to the way a company is managed and controlled. It involves the relationship between the shareholders, the board of directors, and the management. In this lesson, we will learn about the role of the board of directors and the qualities required to be an effective director.
Section 1: The Role of the Board of Directors
The board of directors is responsible for overseeing the management of a company. They are accountable for ensuring that the company operates in the best interest of its shareholders. The board of directors is responsible for setting the strategic direction of the company, approving major corporate actions, and ensuring that the company complies with all legal and regulatory requirements.
Qualities of an Effective Director:
1. Integrity: An effective director must have integrity and be able to act in the best interest of the company and its shareholders.
2. Knowledge: An effective director must have knowledge of the industry in which the company operates and be able to understand the company's business.
3. Experience: An effective director must have experience in management, finance, or other relevant areas.
4. Independence: An effective director must be independent and not be influenced by the management or any other group.
5. Objectivity: An effective director must be objective and able to make decisions based on facts and data.
Section 2: The Appointment Process
The appointment process for directors varies depending on the company's bylaws and the country in which it operates. Generally, the shareholders elect the directors, and the board of directors nominates candidates for election. The nomination process should be transparent and based on merit.
Section 3: The Responsibilities of the Board of Directors
The responsibilities of the board of directors include:
1. Setting the strategic direction of the company.
2. Approving major corporate actions, such as acquisitions, divestitures, and capital expenditures.
3. Ensuring that the company complies with all legal and regulatory requirements.
4. Ensuring that the company has adequate systems of internal control.
5. Reviewing and approving the company's financial statements.
6. Overseeing the management of the company.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the board of directors plays a crucial role in the management and control of a company. To be an effective director, one must possess certain qualities, such as integrity, knowledge, experience, independence, and objectivity. The appointment process for directors should be transparent and based on merit, and the responsibilities of the board of directors are numerous and critical to the success of the company. By understanding these concepts, we can better appreciate the importance of corporate governance and the role of the board of directors in achieving it.


text: Technology. Born in the realm of technology, the cloud concept is being extended to bring simplicity and accessibility to numerous aspects of our lives. Clouds present the ability for organizations to provide services in very different ways and enable new ways of thinking about and doing things. Genesys is using automation and web-based technologies to extend clouds into the world of work in revolutionary ways that simplify overcomplicated and inefficient traditional methods.. The Genesys experience is powered by an innovative technology ecosystem. Through a proprietary federation of technologies and service providers Genesys offers our customers a simple, elegant path to their end goal of opportunity or talent. Engage with Genesys and see for yourself how technology is resulting in a unique, lightweight, simple, and pleasant experience for our customers and our talent..

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Cloud Computing

### Section 1: What is Cloud Computing?
Cloud computing is a technology that allows users to access and store data, applications, and computing resources over the internet instead of on local storage devices or personal computers. It enables people to use software and hardware resources remotely and share data and resources across networks.

### Section 2: How does Cloud Computing work?
Cloud computing works by storing data and applications on remote servers that are connected to the internet. When users need to access these resources, they can connect to the server through the internet and use or download the required data or application. This eliminates the need for local storage devices or personal computers, making it easier for people to access and share resources.

### Section 3: Why is Cloud Computing important?
Cloud computing is important because it provides several benefits, including:

1. Cost savings: Companies can save money by reducing their IT infrastructure and maintenance costs.
2. Scalability: Companies can easily scale up or down their computing resources based on their needs.
3. Accessibility: Users can access data and applications from anywhere with an internet connection.
4. Security: Data is stored in secure servers, reducing the risk of data loss or theft.
5. Collaboration: Cloud computing enables users to share and collaborate on projects and documents more easily.

### Glossary
- Cloud: A network of remote servers that store and manage data, applications, and computing resources.
- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): A form of cloud computing that provides virtualized computing resources over the internet.
- Platform as a Service (PaaS): A form of cloud computing that provides a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications without the complexity of building and maintaining the infrastructure usually associated with developing and launching apps.
- Software as a Service (SaaS): A form of cloud computing that delivers software applications through a subscription-based service.
- Virtualization: The process of creating a virtual version of a computing resource, such as a server, storage device, or network.

### Conclusion
In conclusion, cloud computing is a powerful technology that has transformed the way we access and share data and applications. By using remote servers to store and manage resources, companies can save money, increase scalability, improve accessibility, enhance security, and promote collaboration. With the knowledge gained from this lesson, students can explore the many benefits of cloud computing and apply them to new problems and scenarios.


text: This year, we've decided to do something a little different for the holidays... Through our Giving Back program, throughout the year every BirdRock Baby product sold feeds a child in need. For the next 12 days, every product we sell will feed *ten* children in need.. Applies to all orders on birdrockbaby.com between December 6th-17th.. Since the inception of our Giving Back program, we've been able to feed tens of thousands of children in need thanks to the support of our customers. We're going to finish 2018 with a bang, and look forward to writing our largest check yet to our charity partner, Feed My Starving Children.. We are proud to have established ourselves as one of Feed My Starving Children's "Hope Champions." You can read more about our partnership on their website here.. Thank you for your support. Happy holidays to you and yours.. xo Caroline. Chief Mom @ BirdRock Baby

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Giving Back
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of giving back to our community. We will explore how our actions can make a difference in the lives of others and how we can use our resources to help those in need.
Section 1: Understanding the Concept of Giving Back
Topic 1: What is Giving Back?
Giving back refers to the act of donating time, money, or resources to help others. It involves sharing what we have with those who need it the most.
Topic 2: Why is Giving Back Important?
Giving back is important because it helps us to create a positive impact on society. When we give back, we are not only helping those in need, but we are also setting an example for others to follow.
Section 2: Examples of Giving Back
Topic 1: How Can I Give Back?
There are many ways to give back, such as volunteering at a local shelter, donating to a charity, or organizing a food drive.
Topic 2: What are Some Examples of Giving Back?
Some examples of giving back include donating toys to a children's hospital, sponsoring a child's education, or participating in a community clean-up event.
Section 3: The Impact of Giving Back
Topic 1: What is the Impact of Giving Back?
The impact of giving back can be seen in the smiles of those who benefit from our generosity. It can also be measured by the number of lives that are touched by our actions.
Topic 2: How Can I Measure the Impact of Giving Back?
We can measure the impact of giving back by tracking the number of people we have helped, the amount of money we have raised, or the number of hours we have volunteered.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, giving back is an important part of being a responsible member of society. By sharing our resources with those in need, we can make a positive impact on the world around us. Whether it is through volunteering, donating, or organizing an event, there are many ways to give back. So let's get started!


text: Podcast: Download (Duration: 6:24 — 5.9MB). SEO Partner is designed as a complete done for you service. All you need to do is to be able to nominate the website and give some ideas on a couple of keywords that you are interested in ranking on first page of Google for and you let the SEO Partner team take over.. We create content in different formats and put it out there all over the internet linking back to the target website so that it gets ranked.. We have direct access to a team of 58 people in a central location who are highly trained.. We make sure our processes are current as it can be.. It is World Class

textbook:
Lesson: How to Use SEO Partner for Your Business

Introduction:
Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is a crucial aspect of digital marketing that helps businesses improve their online visibility and attract more customers. In this lesson, we will learn about SEO Partner, a tool that can help businesses improve their SEO efforts.

Section 1: What is SEO Partner?
SEO Partner is a software tool designed to help businesses improve their SEO efforts by creating high-quality content and optimizing it for search engines. The tool is designed to be user-friendly, allowing businesses to easily nominate their website, choose a few keywords, and let the SEO Partner team take over.

Section 2: How does SEO Partner work?
SEO Partner works by creating content in different formats and distributing it across the internet, linking back to the target website. This process is known as link building, and it is an essential part of SEO. The tool also includes a team of 58 people who are highly trained in SEO processes and ensure that the processes used by SEO Partner are current and effective.

Section 3: Why is SEO Partner important for businesses?
SEO Partner is important for businesses because it helps them improve their online visibility and attract more customers. By optimizing their website for search engines, businesses can rank higher in search engine results pages (SERPs), making it easier for potential customers to find them. Additionally, the tool's ability to create high-quality content and distribute it across the internet can help businesses establish themselves as authorities in their industry.

Section 4: How can businesses use SEO Partner?
Businesses can use SEO Partner by signing up for the service and nominating their website. They can then choose a few keywords that they want to rank for and let the SEO Partner team take over. The tool will create content in different formats and distribute it across the internet, linking back to the target website. Over time, this process will improve the website's SEO and help it rank higher in SERPs.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, SEO Partner is a powerful tool that businesses can use to improve their online visibility and attract more customers. By optimizing their website for search engines and creating high-quality content, businesses can establish themselves as authorities in their industry and attract more traffic to their site. With SEO Partner, businesses can achieve these goals without having to invest significant time or resources into their SEO efforts.


text: CityHealth’s tried and tested policies help all people in our nation’s largest cities have access to have a safe place to live, a healthy body and mind, and a thriving environment.. See our annual city assessment, policy reports, news, and more.. CityHealth, an initiative of the de Beaumont Foundation and Kaiser Permanente, advances a package of evidence-based policy solutions that will help millions of people live longer, better lives in vibrant, prosperous communities.. CityHealth isn’t currently hiring. Sign up for our newsletter to be the first to know when opportunities become available.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to CityHealth Policies

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

In this lesson, we will learn about CityHealth's policies that aim to improve the health and well-being of people living in large cities. We will explore the different aspects of these policies, including their objectives, implementation strategies, and impact on the community.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's consider a real-world scenario where CityHealth policies could be implemented. Imagine a city with a high rate of obesity and related health issues. CityHealth could implement policies that promote healthy eating and physical activity, such as building more parks and bike lanes, and requiring healthier food options in restaurants.

To measure the impact of these policies, CityHealth could conduct surveys and collect data on the number of people using the parks and bike lanes, as well as the nutritional content of restaurant menus. They could also track changes in the city's obesity rate over time.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

Now, let's engage in a self-debating discussion. Suppose a city council member argues that implementing CityHealth policies would be too expensive and could harm local businesses. How would you respond?

Response: While implementing CityHealth policies may require initial investments, the long-term benefits can outweigh the costs. For example, building more parks and bike lanes can encourage physical activity, which can reduce healthcare costs for both individuals and the city. Additionally, supporting local businesses that offer healthier food options can actually boost the economy.

## Glossary

- **CityHealth:** A non-profit organization that promotes evidence-based policies to improve the health and well-being of people living in large cities.
- **Evidence-based:** Based on scientific research and data that supports its effectiveness.
- **Implementation:** The process of putting a plan or strategy into action.
- **Impact:** The effect or influence that something has on something else.
- **Nutritional content:** The amount of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients in a food item.

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about CityHealth's policies that aim to improve the health and well-being of people living in large cities. We explored the different aspects of these policies, including their objectives, implementation strategies, and impact on the community. We also considered a real-world scenario where CityHealth policies could be implemented and engaged in a self-debating discussion. By understanding the principles behind CityHealth's policies, we can apply these skills to new problems and make informed decisions about improving our own communities.


text: Artirix has created a new backend platform for one of London’s well known estate agents.. Working in tandem with a front end partner Yucca, we developed a simple but highly functional backend from our core set of product components.. With speed of delivery of great importance to the client, our ability to provide an easy to use, out of the box solution ensured the success of the project. Furthermore, the highly customisable nature of our components means there is plenty of scope for future improvement to this innovative and exciting portal.

textbook:
Lesson: Backend Development for Web Applications
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about backend development for web applications. We will cover the basics of backend development, including what it is, why it's important, and how it works. We will also explore the different components involved in building a backend and how they work together to create a functional web application.
What is Backend Development?
Backend development refers to the creation of the server-side of a web application. This includes everything from the database to the server-side scripting that powers the front-end of the application. Backend development is important because it allows for the smooth functioning of a web application. Without a proper backend, a web application may not be able to handle large amounts of traffic or perform complex operations.
Why is Backend Development Important?
Backend development is important because it allows for the smooth functioning of a web application. A well-designed backend can improve the performance of a web application by reducing the load on the front-end. It can also provide security and stability to the application, preventing attacks and ensuring that data is stored securely.
Components of Backend Development
There are several components involved in backend development, including servers, databases, APIs, and frameworks. These components work together to create a functional web application.
Servers: A server is a computer program that listens for incoming requests from clients and responds to them. There are several types of servers, including web servers, application servers, and database servers.
Databases: A database is a collection of information that is organized and accessible electronically. Databases are used to store data that can be accessed by the application.
APIs: An API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of protocols and tools used for building software applications. APIs allow different applications to communicate with each other and share data.
Frameworks: A framework is a set of tools and libraries that provide a structure for building web applications. Frameworks make it easier to develop web applications by providing pre-built functionality and reducing the amount of code that needs to be written.
How does Backend Development Work?
Backend development involves several steps, including designing the architecture of the application, developing the server-side code, and testing the application. The architecture of the application determines how the different components work together to create the final product. The server-side code is responsible for handling incoming requests and responding to them. Testing involves checking the application for errors and ensuring that it functions properly.
Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have learned about backend development for web applications. We have covered what it is, why it's important, and how it works. We have also explored the different components involved in building a backend and how they work together to create a functional web application. By understanding the basics of backend development, we can apply these skills to new projects and improve our ability to create functional and efficient web applications.
Glossary:
- Backend: The server-side of a web application
- Frontend: The client-side of a web application
- API: Application Programming Interface
- Framework: A set of tools and libraries for building web applications
- Database: A collection of information that is organized and accessible electronically
- Server: A computer program that listens for incoming requests from clients and responds to them.


text:
Dear Editor,

I read with great interest the study of Korkmaz et al. \[[@B1]\] entitled 'Epicardial adipose tissue increased in patients with newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism'. The authors investigated the relationship between epicardial fat tissue thickness and subclinical hypothyroidism and reported that the epicardial fat tissue thickness was greater in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism than in control subjects. This cross-sectional study is noteworthy because of its interest and potential usefulness in clinical practice. However, I would like to comment on two points. Firstly, authors calculated the epicardial fat tissue thickness using an echocardiographic technique. Although several studies have been conducted with this technique, echocardiography measurement is not the gold standard for calculating epicardial tissue thickness. Epicardial adipose tissue thickness is most precisely quantified by MRI or CT imaging, and thickness of epicardial fat in the atrioventricular groove has been shown to provide a more accurate assessment of its atherogenic risk \[[@B2]\]. I think that this should have been stated as a limitation. Secondly, there are studies that show the relationship between epicardial fat tissue thickness and metabolic syndrome \[[@B3],[@B4]\]. I think that the authors should have included this relationship in the Discussion section, this would have added more value to the results of their study.

I congratulate the authors for their original investigation and hope it will be a pioneer for studies of this type.

Reply

Korkmaz

Levent

a

\*\*

Sahin

Sinan

b

Riza Akyuz

Ali

a

Ziyrek

Murat

b

Anaforoglu

Inan

c

Kose

Mustafa

c

Erkan

Hakan

a

Ağaç

Mustafa Tarık

a

Acar

Zeydin

a

a

Department of Cardiology, Ahi Evren Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey

b

Departments of Cardiology, Trabzon Numune Training and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey

c

Departments of Endocrinology, Trabzon Numune Training and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey

\*\*Levent Korkmaz, MD, Department of Cardiology, Ahi Evren Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Training and Research Hospital, Trabzon 61010 (Turkey) E-Mail

l.korkmaz\@yahoo.com

Dear Sir,

We read with great interest the letter regarding our study entitled 'Epicardial adipose tissue increased in patients with newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism' \[[@B5]\]. In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that patients with subclinical hypothyroidism might have increased epicardial fat that could have a potential role for increased cardiovascular events in this population. We certainly agree with Dr. Atalay that MRI or CT imaging provides better evaluation of epicardial fat than echocardiography. Due to ethical issues such as radiation exposure and the cost of CT and MRI imaging, we could not use these methods. In addition, although echocardiography is not considered the gold standard for assessment of epicardial adipose tissue, it is widely accepted and used in clinical studies \[[@B6], [@B7], [@B8], [@B9]\].

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Epicardial Adipose Tissue

### Section 1: What is Epicardial Adipose Tissue?

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a type of fat that surrounds the heart and plays an important role in heart health. It is located between the myocardium (heart muscle) and the epicardium (outer layer of the heart). EAT is different from other types of fat because it contains specialized cells called adipocytes that can release hormones and signaling molecules that affect the heart.

### Section 2: Why is EAT important?

EAT is important because it has been linked to several health conditions, including heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. Researchers are interested in studying EAT because it may help them understand how these conditions develop and how they can be prevented or treated.

### Section 3: How does EAT affect heart health?

EAT can affect heart health in several ways:

1. Insulin resistance: EAT can cause insulin resistance, which means that the body does not respond well to insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. Insulin resistance can lead to type 2 diabetes and other health problems.

2. Inflammation: EAT can cause inflammation in the body, which can contribute to the development of heart disease.

3. Blood vessel function: EAT can affect the function of blood vessels, making them less able to carry oxygen and nutrients to the heart. This can lead to a condition called endothelial dysfunction, which is associated with an increased risk of heart attack and stroke.

4. Hormone production: EAT can produce hormones and signaling molecules that can affect heart rate, blood pressure, and other aspects of heart function.

### Section 4: How can EAT be measured?

EAT can be measured using several techniques, including:

1. Echocardiography: This is a type of ultrasound that uses sound waves to create images of the heart. Echocardiography can be used to measure the thickness of EAT.

2. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): MRI is a type of imaging that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the body. MRI can be used to measure the thickness of EAT and other aspects of heart structure and function.

3. Computed tomography (CT): CT scans use X-rays and computer technology to create detailed images of the body. CT scans can be used to measure the thickness of EAT and other aspects of heart structure and function.

### Section 5: Conclusion

In conclusion, EAT is a type of fat that surrounds the heart and plays an important role in heart health. Researchers are interested in studying EAT because it may help them understand how health conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity develop and how they can be prevented or treated. There are several techniques for measuring EAT, including echocardiography, MRI, and CT scans. Understanding EAT and its effects on heart health is an important area of research that could lead to new treatments and prevention strategies for cardiovascular disease.


text: We have worked with many clients that have opened multiple dental offices. Some have added a few new locations within a particular city and others have opened dozens of offices across the state. Developing an effective growth strategy – ownership structure, level of the owner’s involvement in additional practices, associate/partner recruitment, and retention, etc. – is critical to this process. Other important factors include an understanding of the financial resources required, very specific demographic and competition analysis, and comprehensive market research to identify real estate options that best support your expansion model.. BND Dental Advisors manages the entire real estate process and can help you successfully achieve your expansion objectives.

textbook:
Lesson: Expansion Strategies for Dental Practices
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the key factors to consider when expanding a dental practice. We will cover the importance of developing an effective growth strategy, understanding financial resources, conducting market research, and selecting the right location for a new office. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to expand your dental practice successfully.
Section 1: Developing an Effective Growth Strategy
Topic 1: Ownership Structure
- What is an ownership structure?
- Why is it important when expanding a dental practice?
- What are some common ownership structures for dental practices?
- How does the ownership structure impact the growth strategy?
Topic 2: Level of Owner Involvement
- What is the level of owner involvement?
- Why is it important when expanding a dental practice?
- How does the level of owner involvement impact the growth strategy?
- What are some ways to maintain control over multiple locations while still allowing for growth?
Topic 3: Associate/Partner Recruitment and Retention
- What is associate/partner recruitment and retention?
- Why is it important when expanding a dental practice?
- How does it impact the growth strategy?
- What are some strategies for recruiting and retaining associates/partners?
Section 2: Financial Resources
Topic 1: Understanding Financial Resources
- What are financial resources?
- Why are they important when expanding a dental practice?
- What are some common financial resources used in expansion?
- How does the use of financial resources impact the growth strategy?
Topic 2: Cost Analysis
- What is cost analysis?
- Why is it important when expanding a dental practice?
- What are some common costs associated with expansion?
- How does cost analysis impact the growth strategy?
Section 3: Market Research
Topic 1: Demographic and Competition Analysis
- What is demographic and competition analysis?
- Why is it important when expanding a dental practice?
- What information should be included in the analysis?
- How does the analysis impact the growth strategy?
Topic 2: Real Estate Analysis
- What is real estate analysis?
- Why is it important when expanding a dental practice?
- What information should be included in the analysis?
- How does the analysis impact the growth strategy?
Section 4: Selecting the Right Location
Topic 1: Identifying the Best Location
- What factors should be considered when identifying the best location?
- How does the location impact the growth strategy?
- What tools can be used to identify the best location?
Topic 2: Negotiating Lease Terms
- What is lease negotiation?
- Why is it important when expanding a dental practice?
- What are some common lease terms to consider?
- How does lease negotiation impact the growth strategy?
Conclusion:
In conclusion, expanding a dental practice requires careful planning and consideration of many factors. By developing an effective growth strategy, understanding financial resources, conducting thorough market research, and selecting the right location, you can increase your chances of success. Remember to always consider the impact of each decision on your overall growth strategy.
Glossary:
- Ownership structure: The legal form of a business organization that owns a dental practice.
- Level of owner involvement: The degree to which the owner is actively involved in the day-to-day operations of the practice.
- Associate/Partner recruitment and retention: The process of attracting and keeping qualified professionals to work at the practice.
- Financial resources: The money available to fund the expansion of a dental practice.
- Cost analysis: An examination of the expenses associated with expanding a dental practice.
- Demographic and competition analysis: A study of the population and competitors in the area where the practice will be located.
- Real estate analysis: An evaluation of the property market in the area where the practice will be located.


text:
Pharmaceutical company wins $1M in legal fees from patent troll and Stanford - vmarsy
http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hi-tech-pharmaceuticals-wins-almost-1-million-in-legal-fees-from-thermolife-and-stanford-after-winning-major-patent-case-300436949.html
======
yourapostasy
I thought patent trolls set up a shell company for each litigation effort,
then "license" the patents to the shell, and proceed to litigate from within
the shell, with the intent that if it turns out badly for them, they fold the
asset-less shell, and collection is thus impossible. Is anyone familiar with
patent trolls' business model, and can comment on the feasibility of actually
collecting a judgement like this?

~~~
jjn2009
can't courts work around this in extra ordinary cases?

~~~
sjg007
This is why they sue the patent holder too I guess.

------
jakelarkin
This is a p/r piece from the winning pharma company. Would be nice to have a
more independent source. There are varying degree of scummy-ness in the patent
world. It's possible that Thermalife is like a Intellectual Ventures or a
MPEG-LA, particularly if they are somehow affiliated with Stanford. Recognize
that some people may consider the later two to be patent trolls, as well.

------
aj7
Hi-Tech isn't a pharmaceutical company in the way most HN readers would
interpret. It's a "neutraceutical" company whose major market appears to be
gym rats. See [https://hitechpharma.com](https://hitechpharma.com).

------
zdean
For clarity, that's "Leland Stanford Junior University"

~~~
vmarsy
submission title was already too long, Stanford University wouldn't fit,
"Leland Stanford Junior University"[1] even less :)

[1]
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University)

~~~
justboxing
"Pharma Company Wins $1M in legal fees from Patent Troll & Stanford
University"

How about that? 78 characters long (within the 80char HN title limit).

textbook:
Lesson: Patent Trolling

Introduction:
Patent trolling is the practice of acquiring patents for the sole purpose of making money through lawsuits, rather than producing or selling products or services. This lesson will explain what patent trolling is, how it works, and its impact on society.

What is Patent Trolling?
Patent trolling is the act of filing lawsuits against companies or individuals who are alleged to have infringed upon a patent held by the troll. The troll does not produce or sell any products or services, but instead makes money by licensing their patents to other companies or suing those who they believe have infringed upon their patent.

How does Patent Trolling Work?
Patent trolls typically acquire patents from large corporations or universities, which have a history of producing innovative products and technologies. These patents are often sold off as part of a larger portfolio of assets, and the troll may not even understand the technology behind the patent. Once the troll has acquired the patent, they begin searching for companies or individuals who may have infringed upon it. They may use software tools to search for keywords or phrases that match their patent, or they may simply target companies that are similar to their own.

Once the troll has identified a potential target, they will file a lawsuit against them, demanding compensation for the alleged infringement. The troll may also seek an injunction to prevent the target from continuing to use the technology that is covered by the patent. In many cases, the troll may not even have a valid patent, or they may be using the patent in an improper manner.

Impact on Society:
Patent trolling has become a significant problem in the United States, with thousands of lawsuits being filed each year. These lawsuits can be costly and time-consuming, and they can harm innovation by discouraging companies from developing new products and technologies. Patent trolling also puts small businesses at a disadvantage, as they may not have the resources to defend themselves against a patent troll.

Conclusion:
Patent trolling is a serious issue that affects companies and individuals across all industries. It is important for individuals and businesses to understand the risks associated with patent trolling and to take steps to protect themselves from these lawsuits. By educating ourselves about patent trolling and its impact on society, we can work towards reducing its prevalence and protecting innovation.


text:
Documentary "Denis Levaillant, a composer at the heart of creation "

A documentary film directed by Jean-Marie David

Coproduction with MEZZO - 26 minutes (2008)

Profile of Denis Levaillant by the painter Enki Bilal (personnal web site of Denis Levaillant)

SYNOPSIS

In this intimate portrait of the French composer Denis Levaillant, the artist initiates us into the secrets of his creative process.

He also shares with us incredible moments of virtuosity at the piano. His techniques of composition are often unexpected for they are inspired by an eclectic combination of artistic disciplines. It is therefore not surprising to find Denis Levaillant collaborating with other artists such as Enki Bilal, author of comic books and film director. Nor is it surprising to find him at work on a piece with Patrice Bart, Ballet Master of the Paris Opera.

Though Levaillant aligns himself with a long musical tradition descending from Rameau his writing is resolutely turned towards contemporary audiences as demonstrated by the large spectrum of his repertoire.

The rich texture of his compositions is visible both in the variety of genres that he uses, examples of which range from jazz to opera, and in the variety of environments in which his works are performed, from the traditional concert hall to the circus.

Along this moving journey into the artist’s world we will encounter musicians such as the clarinettist Jean-Marc Foltz, the saxophonist Jean-Michel Goury, the accordionist Olivier Innocenti, the members of the quartet Arpeggione and the musicians of the Opéra National de Paris under the conduct of Ermanno Florio, all of whom have contributed to the appreciation of the work of this original composer.

textbook:
Lesson: The Creative Process of a Composer

Introduction:
The creative process of a composer involves taking inspiration from various sources and transforming them into a musical piece. In this lesson, we will learn about the different stages of the creative process of a composer, including finding inspiration, sketching ideas, and refining the final product.

Section 1: Finding Inspiration
- What is inspiration?
- Where can composers find inspiration?
- How do composers capture their inspirations?

Section 2: Sketching Ideas
- What is a musical sketch?
- How do composers develop their musical ideas?
- What tools do composers use to sketch their ideas?

Section 3: Refining the Final Product
- What is the refining process?
- How do composers edit their work?
- What is the role of other musicians in the refining process?

Conclusion:
The creative process of a composer is a complex and multi-layered process that involves finding inspiration, developing musical ideas, and refining the final product. By understanding the different stages of this process, we can appreciate the hard work and dedication that goes into creating beautiful music.

Glossary:
- Inspiration: a sudden flash of creativity or an idea that inspires someone to create something new.
- Musical sketch: a rough draft of a musical composition that includes the basic melody, harmony, and rhythm.
- Refining process: the process of editing and perfecting a musical composition to make it more polished and professional.

[Note: This lesson can be adapted for different levels by adjusting the complexity of the concepts and examples used.]


text: To protect the wiki against automated account creation, we kindly ask you to answer the question that appears below (more info):. Are the number of spots on the first F the SAME or DIFFERENT to the number of spots on the second F in the LAFF logo?. Real name is optional.. If you choose to provide it, this will be used for giving you attribution for your work.. edits. pages. recent contributors

textbook:
Lesson: How to Identify and Solve Mathematical Problems

## Introduction

Mathematics is a subject that involves logical reasoning and problem-solving techniques. In this lesson, we will learn how to identify and solve mathematical problems using various strategies and techniques.

## Section 1: Identifying Mathematical Problems

### Topic 1: Understanding the Problem Statement

A mathematical problem can be identified by its statement, which provides information about the context, variables, and constraints of the problem. To solve a mathematical problem, we need to read and understand the problem statement carefully.

### Topic 2: Identifying Key Concepts and Variables

Once we have understood the problem statement, we need to identify the key concepts and variables involved in the problem. These are the elements that will help us solve the problem.

### Topic 3: Analyzing the Problem

After identifying the key concepts and variables, we need to analyze the problem by breaking it down into smaller parts. We can use various mathematical techniques, such as algebra, geometry, or calculus, to analyze the problem.

## Section 2: Solving Mathematical Problems

### Topic 1: Choosing an Appropriate Strategy

There are many different strategies to solve mathematical problems, depending on the type of problem and the level of difficulty. We need to choose an appropriate strategy based on our analysis of the problem.

### Topic 2: Using Mathematical Techniques

Once we have chosen an appropriate strategy, we can use various mathematical techniques to solve the problem. These techniques may involve algebraic equations, geometric shapes, or other mathematical concepts.

### Topic 3: Verifying the Solution

After solving the problem, we need to verify that our solution is correct. We can do this by checking our work against the problem statement and making sure that all the constraints are satisfied.

## Section 3: Applying Mathematical Skills

Now that we have learned how to identify and solve mathematical problems, we can apply these skills to real-world scenarios. For example, we can use mathematical techniques to solve problems in finance, engineering, or science.

## Glossary

- Problem statement: A clear and concise description of the problem that needs to be solved.
- Constraints: Limitations or rules that must be followed when solving the problem.
- Key concepts: Elements that are essential for understanding and solving the problem.
- Variables: Elements that can change or vary in the problem.
- Strategy: A plan or approach to solving the problem.
- Technique: A method or process for solving the problem.
- Verify: To check that the solution is correct and satisfies all constraints.

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we have learned how to identify and solve mathematical problems using various strategies and techniques. By applying these skills, we can solve problems in different fields and gain valuable insights into the world around us.


text: GPS Camera. A GPS Camera is a camera with a built in GPS receiver that automatically embeds GPS coordinates within captured images. This process is known as Geotagging.. Models. The following camera models are being or have been used by Councils.. GPS cameras are being further developed with more functionality. The Panasonic Lumix TS3 list the following built in features.. Alternatives. - Many mobile phones now have built in cameras with the ability to geotag photos.. - A number of Councils are using Eye-Fi in conjunction with ordinary cameras. - Trimble have a system called Trimpix Pro that links an non-GPS camera to a Trimble Windows Mobile handheld device.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to GPS Cameras

## Section 1: What are GPS Cameras?
GPS Cameras are cameras that come equipped with a GPS receiver. They are capable of embedding GPS coordinates into captured images, a process known as Geotagging. This feature allows users to track the location where each picture was taken.

## Section 2: How do GPS Cameras work?
GPS Cameras use satellite technology to determine their location. When a picture is taken, the camera records not only the visual information but also the exact coordinates of where the picture was taken. These coordinates are then embedded into the image file, allowing the user to view the location on a map.

## Section 3: Why use GPS Cameras?
GPS Cameras are useful for people who want to keep track of where they have been or where they have taken pictures. This can be helpful for travelers, hikers, or anyone who wants to remember their adventures. Additionally, Geotagging can help organize large collections of photos by sorting them based on location.

## Section 4: Types of GPS Cameras
There are many different types of GPS Cameras available on the market. Some popular models include the Canon PowerShot SD950 IS, the Nikon Coolpix P6000, and the Sony Cyber-shot DSC-RX100. These cameras come in various sizes and shapes, and some even have additional features such as high-definition video recording or built-in Wi-Fi.

## Section 5: Features of GPS Cameras
GPS Cameras come with a variety of features that make them stand out from other types of cameras. Some of these features include:
- Built-in GPS receiver: This allows the camera to record the location of each photo.
- Geotagging: This feature automatically adds the location of each photo to the image file.
- Map view: Many GPS Cameras come with a built-in map viewer that allows users to see where they have been and where they have taken pictures.
- Waypoint markers: Some GPS Cameras allow users to mark specific locations as waypoints, which can be useful for hiking or traveling.

## Section 6: Conclusion
GPS Cameras are a great tool for anyone who wants to keep track of their adventures or organize their photo collection. By using satellite technology, these cameras can record the exact location of each picture, making it easy to remember where you have been. With so many different features and models available, there is sure to be a GPS Camera that fits your needs.


text: The Roseland Golf and Curling Club is owned by the City of Windsor and the information on these pages is mainly historical in nature.. Roseland Golf and Curling Club is a full service recreational golf and curling facility that the citizens of Windsor are extremely proud of. 'Live the Legend' video.. Are you interested in advertising and sponsorship opportunities at Roseland Golf and Curling Club? Visit our Sponsor Windsor page for details.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Historical Information in Golf and Curling Clubs

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the importance of historical information in golf and curling clubs. We will learn about the Roseland Golf and Curling Club, which is owned by the City of Windsor, and how its history has shaped its current state. We will also discuss the benefits of advertising and sponsorship opportunities at the club.

Section 1: Understanding the History of Golf and Curling Clubs

Topic 1: The Evolution of Golf and Curling Clubs
- Discuss the origins of golf and curling clubs and how they have evolved over time.
- Explain how historical events and figures have influenced the development of these clubs.
- Analyze the impact of technology on the growth and popularity of golf and curling.

Topic 2: The Importance of Preserving Historical Information
- Explain why it is important to preserve historical information about golf and curling clubs.
- Discuss the benefits of documenting and sharing this information with others.
- Analyze how historical information can help us understand the evolution of these clubs and their impact on society.

Section 2: Advertising and Sponsorship Opportunities at Golf and Curling Clubs

Topic 1: The Benefits of Advertising and Sponsorship
- Explain how advertising and sponsorship can benefit both the club and the businesses involved.
- Discuss the different types of advertising and sponsorship opportunities available at golf and curling clubs.
- Analyze the impact of advertising and sponsorship on the growth and success of these clubs.

Topic 2: Creating Effective Advertising and Sponsorship Campaigns
- Discuss the key elements of an effective advertising and sponsorship campaign.
- Explain how to target the right audience and create a message that resonates with them.
- Analyze the importance of measuring the effectiveness of these campaigns and adjusting them accordingly.

Section 3: Applying Historical Information to New Problems

Topic 1: The Value of Historical Perspective
- Explain how understanding the history of golf and curling clubs can help us solve current problems.
- Discuss how historical perspective can provide a framework for making informed decisions.
- Analyze the importance of preserving historical information for future generations.

Topic 2: Applying Historical Information to New Situations
- Discuss how historical information can be used to solve current problems in the golf and curling industry.
- Explain how to apply historical perspectives to new situations and challenges.
- Analyze the benefits of using historical information to inform decision-making processes.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding the history of golf and curling clubs and the importance of preserving historical information is crucial. Additionally, advertising and sponsorship opportunities can greatly benefit both the club and the businesses involved. By applying historical information to new problems, we can make informed decisions and find innovative solutions.


text: Chicago's architecture is unparalleled. As the grand avenues of Paris are exemplary of the nineteenth century, and the canals of Venice of the Renaissance, so do the skyscrapers and neoclassical monuments represent modernity. The Chicago Architecture Foundation works to advance knowledge and public interest in architecture and design.. A small museum is located in the Santa Fe Building, itself a wonderful example of Chicago's architecture. Exhibitions change regularly, and have included a scale model of the city and an interactive program about the city's history. Lectures are held regularly. More than eighty tours are also available too, whether on foot, boat, bus, segway, or bicycle.. The museum will be of interest to architecture lovers, though there isn't much there. The tours are excellent, though. The guides are knowledgeable and entertaining, and the city's architecture deserves a more in-depth look.. Address: 224 South Michigan Avenue. Website: caf.architecture.org. Hours: vary.. Admission: Free admission.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Architecture

Introduction:
Architecture is the art and science of designing and constructing buildings and other physical structures. It involves creating structures that are not only functional but also aesthetically pleasing. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of architecture, including its history, elements, and styles.

Section 1: History of Architecture

The history of architecture dates back to ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Greece, and Rome. These early architects designed buildings that were functional and beautiful. They used materials like stone, brick, and wood to create structures that stood the test of time.

Questions:
- What were some of the earliest examples of architecture?
- How did ancient civilizations use architecture?

Section 2: Elements of Architecture

Architecture involves many different elements, including lines, shapes, forms, spaces, and materials. Each element plays a crucial role in creating a structure that is both functional and visually appealing.

Questions:
- What are some of the key elements of architecture?
- How do these elements work together to create a building?

Section 3: Styles of Architecture

There are many different styles of architecture, each with its own unique characteristics. Some common styles include Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, and Modernist.

Questions:
- What are some common styles of architecture?
- How do they differ from one another?

Glossary:
- Architecture: The art and science of designing and constructing buildings and other physical structures.
- Elements: The basic parts that make up a structure.
- Styles: A particular way of doing something that is characteristic of a particular person, place, or thing.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, architecture is a fascinating subject that combines art, science, and engineering. By understanding the history, elements, and styles of architecture, we can appreciate the beauty and functionality of the buildings around us. Whether you are interested in designing your own structures or simply appreciating the work of others, this lesson provides a foundation for exploring the world of architecture.


text: How do I design a training roadmap for our company? Our goal is to craft a framework that provides specialized employee career development that enables us to fill the pipeline as we grow.. —Growing with Gusto, human resources executive, health care, Singapore. The old adage is that if HR wants a seat at the table, then it has to measure the right things. So how do we calculate the ROI of job boards? There doesn't seem to be any good metric to use. We're doing this to help cut our recruitment costs.. —Rightsized Recruiting, HR assistant, software/services, Toronto, Canada

textbook:
Lesson: Calculating the ROI of Job Boards

Introduction:
In today's competitive business environment, companies are always looking for ways to reduce their costs while still maintaining quality. One way to do this is by investing in employee career development. This not only helps employees grow within the company but also helps the company fill the pipeline as it grows. In this lesson, we will learn how to calculate the ROI (Return on Investment) of job boards, which can help companies determine whether the investment they make in job boards is worth it.

Section 1: Understanding the Basics

Topic 1: What is ROI?
ROI is a financial metric that measures the efficiency of an investment. It calculates the amount of return on investment relative to the investment's cost. Essentially, it tells you how much money you are making on your investment compared to how much you are spending.

Topic 2: How does ROI relate to job boards?
Job boards are a common tool used by companies to post job openings and find potential candidates. Companies often wonder if the money they spend on job boards is worth it. By calculating the ROI of job boards, companies can determine whether the investment they make in job boards is worth it.

Section 2: Calculating the ROI of Job Boards

Topic 1: Identifying Costs and Benefits
To calculate the ROI of job boards, we need to identify the costs and benefits associated with using job boards. Costs include the fees associated with posting job openings on job boards, while benefits include the number of qualified candidates that the company receives through the job board.

Topic 2: Calculating ROI
Once we have identified the costs and benefits associated with using job boards, we can calculate the ROI using the following formula:

ROI = (Benefits - Costs) / Costs * 100%

For example, let's say that a company spends $5,000 on job boards and receives 100 qualified candidates. The ROI would be:

ROI = ($100,000 - $5,000) / $5,000 * 100% = 98%

This means that for every dollar the company invested in job boards, they received $98 worth of benefits.

Section 3: Real-World Examples

Topic 1: Example 1
Let's say that a company spends $10,000 on job boards and receives 500 qualified candidates. If each candidate costs the company $20 to interview, the total cost of interviews would be $10,000. Using the ROI formula, we can calculate the ROI as follows:

ROI = ($100,000 - $10,000) / $10,000 * 100% = 800%

This means that for every dollar the company invested in job boards, they received $8 worth of benefits in terms of qualified candidates.

Topic 2: Example 2
Now let's say that a company spends $50,000 on job boards and receives 2,500 qualified candidates. If each candidate costs the company $10 to interview, the total cost of interviews would be $25,000. Using the ROI formula, we can calculate the ROI as follows:

ROI = ($1,000,000 - $50,000) / $50,000 * 100% = 900%

This means that for every dollar the company invested in job boards, they received $9 worth of benefits in terms of qualified candidates.

Conclusion:
By calculating the ROI of job boards, companies can determine whether the investment they make in job boards is worth it. A positive ROI indicates that the investment in job boards is generating a profit, while a negative ROI indicates that the investment is not generating a profit. By understanding the ROI of job boards, companies can make informed decisions about where to allocate their resources and focus their efforts on the most effective recruitment strategies.


text:
Q:

SQL Syntax run operations in between records?

I have a mysql database with a table in it. This table consists of the some of the following information. It has values in one column with months Jan-May. So five months. On the adjacent column, there are "Counts" with integer values to each month. Bear in mind that there can be duplicate values of the months. So, for example, a snippet of the table could read
January  |    5
January  |    10
February |    1
March    |    20
April    |    23
April    |    34
April    |    43
May      |    9
There are a lot more records (160). Say the average of the month is running some sql command like
select month, avg(count) from tablename group by month. However, this divides the sum of counts for each month by the number of records. A true average would divide the sum of the counts by the number of days in each month. So I have the following statements,
   select month, sum(count)/31 from trendsummary.traffictype where month like 'January';
   select month, sum(count)/28 from trendsummary.traffictype where month like 'February';
   select month, sum(count)/31 from trendsummary.traffictype where month like 'March';
   select month, sum(count)/30 from trendsummary.traffictype where month like 'April';
   select month, sum(count)/31 from trendsummary.traffictype where month like 'May';

This gives me the averages for the counts for each month. So the question is...what would be the syntax if I wanted an average of the averages of Jan-April? So... I want to have statements that would take the averages (based on the number of days of the month) for each of the months, and then take the average of the averages for January, February, March, And April and spit that value out? How would one go about this? Thanks!

A:

you can try that :
select month, sum(count)/(31+28+31+30)
from trendsummary.traffictype
where month in ( 'January' , 'February','March','April' );

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding SQL Syntax and Operations

**Introduction**

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a programming language used to manage and manipulate data stored in relational databases. In this lesson, we will learn about SQL syntax and operations that can be performed on data.

**Lesson Outline**

1. Introduction to SQL
2. Basic SQL Syntax
3. SELECT Statement
4. FROM Clause
5. WHERE Clause
6. GROUP BY Clause
7. HAVING Clause
8. ORDER BY Clause
9. LIMIT Clause
10. Conclusion

**Section 1: Introduction to SQL**

SQL is a powerful tool used to manage and manipulate data stored in relational databases. It allows users to perform tasks such as inserting, updating, deleting, and querying data.

**Section 2: Basic SQL Syntax**

SQL syntax is the set of rules that governs the structure of SQL statements. It includes keywords, operators, and punctuation that make up an SQL statement.

**Section 3: SELECT Statement**

The SELECT statement is used to retrieve data from one or more tables. It returns rows of data that match a specified condition.

**Section 4: FROM Clause**

The FROM clause specifies the name of the table or tables that the data will be retrieved from.

**Section 5: WHERE Clause**

The WHERE clause is used to specify conditions that must be met in order for a row to be included in the result set.

**Section 6: GROUP BY Clause**

The GROUP BY clause is used to group rows together based on a specific condition.

**Section 7: HAVING Clause**

The HAVING clause is similar to the WHERE clause, but it is used to filter data after it has been grouped by the GROUP BY clause.

**Section 8: ORDER BY Clause**

The ORDER BY clause is used to sort the result set in a specific order.

**Section 9: LIMIT Clause**

The LIMIT clause is used to limit the number of rows returned by the SELECT statement.

**Section 10: Conclusion**

In this lesson, we learned about SQL syntax and operations that can be performed on data. We covered the basic components of an SQL statement, including the SELECT, FROM, WHERE, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY, and LIMIT clauses. We also learned how to use these clauses to retrieve and manipulate data stored in relational databases.

**Glossary**

- **SQL**: Structured Query Language, a programming language used to manage and manipulate data stored in relational databases.
- **SELECT**: A clause used to retrieve data from one or more tables.
- **FROM**: A clause that specifies the name of the table or tables that the data will be retrieved from.
- **WHERE**: A clause used to specify conditions that must be met in order for a row to be included in the result set.
- **GROUP BY**: A clause used to group rows together based on a specific condition.
- **HAVING**: A clause similar to the WHERE clause, but used to filter data after it has been grouped by the GROUP BY clause.
- **ORDER BY**: A clause used to sort the result set in a specific order.
- **LIMIT**: A clause used to limit the number of rows returned by the SELECT statement.

**Conclusion**

In this lesson, we learned about SQL syntax and operations that can be performed on data. We covered the basic components of an SQL statement, including the SELECT, FROM, WHERE, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY, and LIMIT clauses. We also learned how to use these clauses to retrieve and manipulate data stored in relational databases. By mastering these concepts, we can apply them to new problems and gain valuable insights from our data.


text: Abstract. In this work, we propose a novel design for optical neural network system based on reservoir computing. The optical neurons in the system consist of directional couplers, optical fibers, and optical amplifiers. The nonlinear activation function of optical neuron can be obtained by the optical amplifiers. Mach–Zehnder phase modulators and the directional couplers are used to build the readout matrix in the output layer. The performance of the system is studied by a commercial software of optical fiber telecommunication system. The results show that the randomly connected optical neuron networks of the reservoir computing can provide a better performance.. Keywords. - Neural networks. - Optical fibers. - Reservoir computing

textbook:
Lesson Title: Optical Neural Networks

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about optical neural networks and how they can be used to solve complex problems. We will cover the basics of neural networks, optical fibers, and reservoir computing. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the principles behind optical neural networks and how they can be applied in various fields.

Section 1: Neural Networks
Neural networks are a type of computer system designed to simulate the way the human brain works. They consist of interconnected nodes or neurons that process information and learn from experience. Neural networks have been used in various fields such as image recognition, speech recognition, and natural language processing.

Question: What are some applications of neural networks?
Answer: Neural networks have many applications, including image recognition, speech recognition, natural language processing, and robotics.

Section 2: Optical Fibers
Optical fibers are thin strands of glass or plastic that transmit light signals over long distances. They are commonly used in telecommunications to transmit data at high speeds. Optical fibers have replaced copper wires in many applications because they can transmit data over long distances with minimal loss of signal strength.

Question: Why are optical fibers used in telecommunications?
Answer: Optical fibers are used in telecommunications because they can transmit data over long distances with minimal loss of signal strength.

Section 3: Reservoir Computing
Reservoir computing is a type of neural network that uses a large number of simple, non-linear nodes to process information. The nodes in a reservoir computer are connected in a random manner, which allows them to learn from experience and adapt to new situations.

Question: How does reservoir computing work?
Answer: Reservoir computing works by using a large number of simple, non-linear nodes that are connected in a random manner. These nodes learn from experience and adapt to new situations.

Section 4: Optical Neural Network System
An optical neural network system is a type of neural network that uses optical fibers to transmit light signals. The optical neurons in the system consist of directional couplers, optical fibers, and optical amplifiers. The nonlinear activation function of optical neuron can be obtained by the optical amplifiers.

Question: What are the components of an optical neural network system?
Answer: An optical neural network system consists of optical fibers, directional couplers, optical amplifiers, and Mach–Zehnder phase modulators.

Section 5: Performance Study
The performance of the optical neural network system was studied using a commercial software of optical fiber telecommunication system. The results showed that the randomly connected optical neuron networks of the reservoir computing can provide a better performance.

Question: How was the performance of the optical neural network system studied?
Answer: The performance of the optical neural network system was studied using a commercial software of optical fiber telecommunication system.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about neural networks, optical fibers, and reservoir computing. We also learned about the components of an optical neural network system and how it can be used to improve performance. By understanding the principles behind optical neural networks, we can apply them to various fields such as image recognition, speech recognition, and natural language processing.

Glossary:
- Neural networks: A type of computer system designed to simulate the way the human brain works.
- Optical fibers: Thin strands of glass or plastic that transmit light signals over long distances.
- Reservoir computing: A type of neural network that uses a large number of simple, non-linear nodes to process information.

Self-Debate Discussion:
What are some advantages and disadvantages of using optical neural networks compared to traditional neural networks?


text:
The role of palliative care in supporting patients: a therapeutic community space.
The work of palliative day care extends the philosophy and practice of palliative care to patients in the community. It supports the needs of patients who have a diminished ability to fulfil their family and societal roles. The extent to which these aims reflect current practice, however, has not been fully assessed, particularly in Australia. There is also a lack of research on patients' experiences of palliative day care. The key aim of this study was, therefore, to explore patients' experiences of palliative day care in a Western Australian context. Eight patients (two males and six females) with ages ranging from 44 to 82 years were interviewed. Four broad themes emerged from the data, related to patients' experiences: being bounded physically; temporally; and socially; and the role of palliative day care in supporting patients. This study highlighted the potential for palliative day care to provide a therapeutic community space. Implications of these findings for palliative day care are discussed.

textbook:
Lesson: The Role of Palliative Care in Supporting Patients
Introduction:
Palliative care is a specialized medical care that focuses on relieving pain and symptoms, and improving the quality of life for people with serious illnesses. Palliative care can be provided in various settings, including hospitals, nursing homes, and the patient's home. In this lesson, we will discuss the role of palliative care in supporting patients, particularly those with serious illnesses.
Core Value:
The core value of palliative care is to provide support to patients and their families during a difficult time. Palliative care aims to improve the patient's physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being by addressing their pain and symptoms, providing psychological support, and helping them make informed decisions about their care.
Section 1: What is Palliative Care?
Topic 1: What is Palliative Care?
Question: What is palliative care?
Answer: Palliative care is a specialized medical care that focuses on relieving pain and symptoms, and improving the quality of life for people with serious illnesses.
Topic 2: Who is Palliative Care for?
Question: Who is palliative care for?
Answer: Palliative care is for people with serious illnesses, such as cancer, heart disease, or lung disease, who may be in the hospital, a nursing home, or at home.
Topic 3: What are the Goals of Palliative Care?
Question: What are the goals of palliative care?
Answer: The goals of palliative care are to relieve pain and symptoms, improve the patient's quality of life, and help them make informed decisions about their care.
Section 2: The Role of Palliative Care in Supporting Patients
Topic 1: The Role of Palliative Care in Supporting Patients
Question: What is the role of palliative care in supporting patients?
Answer: The role of palliative care is to provide support to patients and their families during a difficult time. Palliative care aims to improve the patient's physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being by addressing their pain and symptoms, providing psychological support, and helping them make informed decisions about their care.
Topic 2: The Benefits of Palliative Care
Question: What are the benefits of palliative care?
Answer: The benefits of palliative care include improved pain and symptom management, improved quality of life, better communication between patients and their healthcare providers, and assistance with decision-making.
Topic 3: The Importance of Palliative Care
Question: Why is palliative care important?
Answer: Palliative care is important because it addresses the physical, emotional, and spiritual needs of patients with serious illnesses. It helps to improve their quality of life and provides support to their families during a difficult time.
Section 3: The Impact of Palliative Care
Topic 1: The Impact of Palliative Care on Patients
Question: How does palliative care impact patients?
Answer: Palliative care can have a significant impact on patients by improving their physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. It can also help patients make informed decisions about their care and provide support to their families.
Topic 2: The Impact of Palliative Care on Families
Question: How does palliative care impact families?
Answer: Palliative care can provide support to families during a difficult time by addressing the patient's pain and symptoms, providing psychological support, and assisting with decision-making. It can also help families cope with the stress and emotional challenges that come with caring for a loved one with a serious illness.
Topic 3: The Impact of Palliative Care on Healthcare Systems
Question: How does palliative care impact healthcare systems?
Answer: Palliative care can improve the quality of care for patients with serious illnesses, reduce healthcare costs by preventing unnecessary hospitalizations, and improve patient satisfaction with their care.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, palliative care plays an essential role in supporting patients with serious illnesses by addressing their physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. By providing pain and symptom management, psychological support, and assistance with decision-making, palliative care can improve the quality of life for patients and their families. As such, it is an integral part of healthcare systems and should be made available to all patients who could benefit from it.
Glossary:
- Palliative Care: A specialized medical care that focuses on relieving pain and symptoms, and improving the quality of life for people with serious illnesses.
- Serious Illness: A medical condition that is life-threatening or has the potential to cause significant disability or premature death.
- Quality of Life: The overall well-being of an individual, taking into account physical, emotional, and social factors.
- Pain and Symptom Management: The process of controlling pain and other symptoms to improve the patient's comfort and quality of life.
- Psychological Support: Emotional support and guidance provided by a healthcare professional to help patients cope with their illness and its effects.
- Informed Decision-Making: The process of making healthcare decisions based on accurate and complete information about the risks, benefits, and alternatives of each option.


text: This stunning modular home offers 1,610sqft. 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, a large modern kitchen, fully applianced with Whirlpool stainless steel appliances, a beautiful granite top island, soft close drawer and door peppercorn cabinetry, full mosaic tile backsplash, a stainless steel, single bowl farm sink, and a generous dining room with plenty of natural light. The large master bedroom and walk-in closet are complimented by the gorgeous en-suite, from the dual square sink vanity, elegant radiant spa self-standing tub with chrome floor mounted faucet and hand sprayer, to the impressive 60'' radiant spa agile frameless glass shower with stainless steel shower tower. A side entry utility room, complete with deep sink, additional cabinetry, and large closet allows for a functional laundry area and drop zone, as well as easy planning of a future garage.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand Real Estate Listings

Introduction:
Real estate listings can be confusing to read and understand, especially if you're not familiar with the terminology used. In this lesson, we will teach you how to read and understand real estate listings by breaking down the key components of a typical listing.

Section 1: Understanding the Basics

1.1 What is a Real Estate Listing?
A real estate listing is a document that contains information about a property for sale. It includes details such as the location, size, number of bedrooms and bathrooms, and other features of the property.

1.2 Types of Listings
There are two types of real estate listings: exclusive agency and open listings. An exclusive agency listing means that only one real estate agent has the right to sell the property, while an open listing means that multiple agents can sell the property.

1.3 Reading the Headline
The headline is the most important part of the listing. It should give you a general idea of what the property is like, such as its location, size, and features.

Section 2: Understanding the Details

2.1 Location
The location of the property is usually listed first in the listing. It should include the address and any nearby landmarks or attractions.

2.2 Size and Layout
The size and layout of the property should be listed next. This includes the number of bedrooms and bathrooms, as well as any other rooms such as a living room, dining room, or office.

2.3 Features
The features section should list any special features of the property, such as a pool, hot tub, or view.

2.4 Price
The price of the property should be listed next. It should be clear and easy to understand, with no hidden fees or extra charges.

Section 3: Understanding the Additional Information

3.1 Utilities
The utilities section should list which utilities are included in the monthly rent or mortgage payment, such as electricity, water, and gas.

3.2 Amenities
The amenities section should list any additional features of the property, such as a gym, pool, or parking garage.

3.3 Neighborhood
The neighborhood section should give you an idea of what it's like to live in the area, such as the average income level, crime rate, and proximity to schools and shopping centers.

Section 4: Conclusion
In conclusion, reading and understanding real estate listings requires attention to detail and an understanding of the key components. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can easily read and understand any real estate listing.

Glossary:
- Real Estate Listing: A document that contains information about a property for sale.
- Exclusive Agency Listing: A type of listing where only one real estate agent has the right to sell the property.
- Open Listing: A type of listing where multiple real estate agents can sell the property.
- Headline: The most important part of the listing, which gives a general idea of what the property is like.
- Location: The address and nearby landmarks or attractions of the property.
- Size and Layout: The number of bedrooms and bathrooms, as well as any other rooms such as a living room, dining room, or office.
- Features: Any special features of the property, such as a pool, hot tub, or view.
- Price: The clear and easy-to-understand cost of the property, with no hidden fees or extra charges.
- Utilities: Which utilities are included in the monthly rent or mortgage payment.
- Amenities: Any additional features of the property, such as a gym, pool, or parking garage.
- Neighborhood: Information about the area where the property is located, such as the average income level, crime rate, and proximity to schools and shopping centers.


text: Investment company buys thehub:mkApr 21, 2008. The purchaser has paid an undisclosed sum for the first phase of the development, officially opened by Her Majesty The Queen in November last year. With the second phase, it will comprise a total of one million sq ft of hotels, restaurants, retail, offices and 600 apartments.. Andrew Crowther, joint managing director of Frontier Estates, said: “Developing thehub:mk has been an exciting journey for us and we are extremely proud to have succeeded in delivering the first mixed use scheme of this type in Milton Keynes.. “It brings city centre living to Milton Keynes for the first time and it is the first Milton Keynes 24/7 experience, bringing people to live, work, meet, dine and shop in stylish, modern and environmentally friendly surroundings.. “As a development company, our intention was always to sell once we had completed the first phase of this scheme and we are delighted with the price we have achieved. “. The deal was negotiated and agreed last year.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Real Estate Investment

## Section 1: What is Real Estate Investment?
Real estate investment refers to the purchase of property or land with the intention of generating income or capital gains. It is a popular form of investment because it can provide a steady stream of income, as well as potential appreciation in value over time.

## Section 2: Types of Real Estate Investments
There are several types of real estate investments, including residential, commercial, industrial, and land. Residential properties include single-family homes, condos, townhouses, and multi-family buildings. Commercial properties include office buildings, retail spaces, and warehouses. Industrial properties include factories, manufacturing plants, and storage facilities. Land can be used for agricultural, residential, or commercial purposes.

## Section 3: How to Invest in Real Estate
To invest in real estate, you need to follow these steps:

1. Determine your investment goals: Before investing in real estate, you need to set clear investment goals. This will help you identify the type of property that aligns with your investment objectives.

2. Conduct thorough research: Research the market thoroughly to understand the current trends and potential risks. Analyze the local economy, population growth, employment rate, and other factors that can impact the property value.

3. Calculate the potential return on investment: Use a real estate investment calculator to determine the potential return on investment (ROI) based on the initial investment, rental income, and expenses.

4. Choose the right property: Once you have identified your investment goals and conducted thorough research, it's time to choose the right property. Consider factors such as location, size, condition, and potential rental income.

5. Secure financing: Depending on your investment strategy, you may need to secure financing to purchase the property. You can opt for a traditional mortgage or explore other financing options such as hard money loans or private loans.

6. Manage the property: If you are investing in a rental property, you need to manage it effectively. This includes finding tenants, collecting rent, handling maintenance and repairs, and dealing with any legal issues.

## Section 4: Advantages and Disadvantages of Real Estate Investment

Advantages:
- Steady income stream: Rental properties can provide a steady income stream from tenants.
- Appreciation potential: Real estate can appreciate in value over time, providing potential capital gains.
- Tax benefits: Real estate investors can enjoy various tax benefits, such as deductions for mortgage interest, property taxes, and other expenses.

Disadvantages:
- High upfront costs: Purchasing a property requires a significant amount of capital.
- Maintenance and repair costs: Owning a rental property requires regular maintenance and repair work, which can be costly.
- Market risks: Real estate values can fluctuate due to changes in the market, such as economic downturns or oversupply of properties.

## Section 5: Conclusion
Real estate investment can be a lucrative way to generate income and build wealth over time. By following the steps outlined in this lesson and understanding the advantages and disadvantages, you can make informed decisions about whether real estate investment is right for you.


text: Hard Plaque a Strong Indicator of Heart Attack Risk. A new study from researchers at the Intermountain Heart Institute in Salt Lake City, Utah, suggests that “hard” or calcified plaque could be a stronger indicator of heart attack risk than “soft” or noncalcified, lipid-heavy plaque. The new findings counter previous research that held soft plaque to be a more reliable predictor of severe cardiovascular problems, including heart attacks and strokes.. The study looked at artery plaque in 224 patients with diabetes but with no history of heart disease. Following patients for close to seven years, on average, researchers analyzed plaque composition in all of the study participants via computed tomography (CT) and correlated their data with risks of unstable angina, heart attack and death.. While noting that more studies are needed, the IHI team will also continue to carry out CT scans in hopes of confirming their early findings.. Image Credit: iStock. Sourced from: Medical News Today

textbook:
Title: Hard Plaque vs. Soft Plaque - Which is More Dangerous?

Level: Primary through High School

Introduction:
Plaque buildup in the arteries is a common problem that can lead to serious health issues such as heart attacks and strokes. There are two types of plaque - hard and soft. Hard plaque is made up of calcium and other minerals, while soft plaque is filled with cholesterol and other fats. Recent studies have shown that hard plaque may be a stronger indicator of heart attack risk than soft plaque. In this lesson, we will explore the differences between hard and soft plaque and discuss why hard plaque may be more dangerous.

Section 1: Understanding Plaque Buildup

**Question:** What is plaque buildup?
**Answer:** Plaque buildup refers to the accumulation of fatty deposits, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances in the inner lining of the arteries. Over time, these deposits can harden and narrow the arteries, making it difficult for blood to flow freely and increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

Section 2: Hard vs. Soft Plaque

**Question:** What are the differences between hard and soft plaque?
**Answer:** Hard plaque is made up of calcium and other minerals, while soft plaque is filled with cholesterol and other fats. Hard plaque is usually more stable and less likely to cause problems, while soft plaque is more prone to rupture and cause blockages in the arteries.

**Question:** Why is hard plaque more dangerous than soft plaque?
**Answer:** Hard plaque is more dangerous than soft plaque because it is more likely to cause blockages in the arteries. When hard plaque ruptures, it can create a rough surface that traps blood cells and other substances, leading to the formation of blood clots. These clots can then break off and travel to other parts of the body, causing heart attacks or strokes.

Section 3: The Importance of Regular Checkups

**Question:** How can you tell if you have plaque buildup in your arteries?
**Answer:** Plaque buildup in the arteries is often silent and does not cause any symptoms. However, regular checkups with your doctor can help detect plaque buildup early on. Your doctor may recommend tests such as an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to check for plaque buildup in your arteries.

**Question:** Why is it important to have regular checkups if you have diabetes?
**Answer:** People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing plaque buildup in their arteries. Regular checkups with your doctor can help detect plaque buildup early on and prevent serious health problems such as heart attacks and strokes.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, hard plaque is more dangerous than soft plaque because it is more likely to cause blockages in the arteries. Regular checkups with your doctor are essential for detecting plaque buildup early on and preventing serious health problems. By understanding the differences between hard and soft plaque and the importance of regular checkups, you can take steps to protect your heart and reduce your risk of heart attacks and strokes.

Glossary:
- Plaque buildup: The accumulation of fatty deposits, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances in the inner lining of the arteries.
- Hard plaque: Plaque made up of calcium and other minerals.
- Soft plaque: Plaque filled with cholesterol and other fats.
- Arteries: Blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
- Blockages: Obstructions in the arteries that can prevent blood from flowing freely.
- Heart attacks: Sudden events that occur when the heart muscle is not receiving enough oxygen-rich blood.
- Strokes: Sudden events that occur when blood flow to part of the brain is interrupted.


text: We're getting mixed messages re: MySpace's new venture, a "Hulu for music" site that would be co-owned by News Corp.'s (NWS) social network and the big labels. Yesterday we were told that Universal Music Group, the world's biggest label, wasn't yet ready to settle its lawsuit with MySpace. But this morning a trustworthy source tells us that MySpace is indeed ready to launch, with "deal terms nearly done.". So. Either someone is hallucinating -- or MySpace is ready to launch its venture without buy-in from UMG. We'll update when we hear more.

textbook:
Lesson: Reading and Understanding Business News

Introduction:
Business news is an essential part of staying informed about the world around us. It helps us understand how the economy works, what drives business decisions, and how these decisions affect our lives. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand business news, focusing on a specific article about MySpace's new venture.

Section 1: Understanding Business News

The first step in understanding business news is to know the basic terminology and concepts used in business journalism. Here are some key terms to know:

- Industry: A group of companies that produce similar products or services. For example, the music industry includes record labels, artists, and venues.
- Competition: Other companies that offer similar products or services as your company. For example, Apple Inc. has competition from Samsung Electronics Co Ltd. in the smartphone market.
- Market Share: The percentage of total sales within a market that is earned by a particular company or product. For example, if Company A has 20% of the market share in a certain industry, it means that it sells 20% of all products sold in that industry.
- Stock Price: The current price at which an investor can buy or sell a stock. It changes throughout the day based on various factors such as company performance, economic indicators, and investor sentiment.

Questions:
1. What is the music industry?
2. Who are some of the top competitors in the smartphone market?
3. How do you calculate market share?
4. What does it mean when a company has a high market share?
5. How does a stock price change?

Section 2: Reading and Analyzing Business News

Once you have a basic understanding of business news terminology, you can start reading and analyzing articles. Here are some steps to follow:

1. Read the headline: This gives you an idea of what the article is about. In our example, the headline is "MySpace's New Venture Gets Mixed Messages."
2. Skim the article: Look for key details such as who is involved, what they are doing, and any potential outcomes. In our example, we see that MySpace is planning to launch a new venture called "Hulu for music" with News Corp. and the big labels.
3. Look for quotes: Quotes from industry insiders or experts can provide valuable insight into the story. In our example, we see that there are conflicting reports about whether Universal Music Group, one of the biggest record labels, is ready to settle its lawsuit with MySpace.
4. Analyze the information: Try to understand the implications of the story. In our example, we see that MySpace may be planning to launch its venture without buy-in from UMG, which could have significant consequences for both parties.

Questions:
1. What does the headline tell you about the article?
2. What are the key details in the article?
3. Who are the key players in this story?
4. What quotes are included in the article?
5. What are the potential implications of this story?

Section 3: Applying Business News Skills

Now that you have a basic understanding of business news and how to read and analyze articles, you can start applying these skills to other stories. Here are some ways to do so:

1. Look for patterns: Pay attention to trends or patterns over time. For example, if you notice that a particular company's stock price has been rising consistently over the past few months, it may be a good indicator that the company is performing well.
2. Compare and contrast: Compare different articles or stories to gain a broader perspective. For example, you could compare news stories about different companies in the same industry to see how they are performing relative to each other.
3. Follow up on stories: Keep track of developing stories and follow up on them over time. For example, you could check back in on MySpace's new venture to see how it is progressing and how it is affecting the music industry.

Questions:
1. What patterns or trends can you identify in this article?
2. How does this article compare to others you have read about similar topics?
3. Are there any developing stories that you should follow up on?

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to read and understand business news by focusing on a specific article about MySpace's new venture. By understanding key terms and concepts, reading and analyzing articles, and applying these skills to other stories, we can stay informed about the business world and make informed decisions based on the information we gather.

Glossary:
- Industry: A group of companies that produce similar products or services.
- Competition: Other companies that offer similar products or services as your company.
- Market Share: The percentage of total sales within a market that is earned by a particular company or product.
- Stock Price: The current price at which an investor can buy or sell a stock.

By mastering these concepts and applying them to business news, we can become savvy consumers of information and make informed decisions about our financial future.


text: Afro-pop sensation Orezi is set to release the music video for his new single “Baby Abeg”, housed in his recently released “The Ghen Ghen Album”.. A teaser and behind the scenes photos from the shoot which took place in South Africa has surfaced for your consumption.. Check on the video teaser, and b-t-s stills while we await the full music video

textbook:
Lesson: How to Create a Music Video Teaser

### Section 1: Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn how to create a music video teaser. A teaser is a short video that promotes an upcoming music video or movie. It is usually between 15 seconds to a minute long and is designed to generate buzz and excitement among fans.

### Section 2: The Process of Creating a Music Video Teaser

1. **Planning**: The first step in creating a music video teaser is to plan out what you want to include in the teaser. This includes deciding on the length of the teaser, the visuals you want to use, and the message you want to convey.

2. **Filming**: Once you have planned out your teaser, it's time to film it. This may involve shooting footage of the artist performing, as well as other scenes that help tell the story of the music video.

3. **Editing**: After filming the teaser, you will need to edit it together. This involves selecting the best shots and putting them in order to create a cohesive and engaging video.

4. **Adding Special Effects**: Depending on the style of the music video, you may want to add special effects to the teaser. This could include adding filters, animations, or transitions.

5. **Finalizing**: Once you have edited the teaser and added any special effects, it's time to finalize it. This means ensuring that the audio and video are in sync, and that the overall quality of the video is up to standard.

### Section 3: Practical Examples

Let's say that we are creating a teaser for a music video called "Summer Nights". We decide to film the artist performing in front of a bright pink background, intercut with shots of them dancing in a club with friends. We then add a fast-paced beat to the audio, and add a filter that makes the video look like a retro VHS tape. Finally, we add the title of the song in neon letters, and the words "Coming Soon" in a funky font.

### Section 4: Conclusion

Creating a music video teaser is a fun and exciting process that can help generate buzz and excitement for an upcoming music video. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can create a teaser that effectively showcases the style and vibe of the music video, and gets fans eagerly anticipating its release.