text: The Amazing World of Bikini Armor – TMBE. Requires The original mod to work. This conversion has TBBP Support and Weightslider Support. TBBP needs a compatible skeleton, like XPMSE.. This conversion is for the TMBE Body, and requires either that or any other UNP BASED body and compatible texture to work properly.. To get the stuff in-game, go to Alvor’s forge in Riverwood. Then grab the crafting manual located there. When you got the manual in your inventory you’ll be able to craft all pieces on any forge, or simply<<. 06.08.2017 – Initial release. Credit nisetanaka, also Kofman and Diablio. It’s ApachiiSkyHair. There all KS hair i think.. What hair was used for the 7th row 2nd Collum? What number was it for the hair style in race menu?. Thank you i Appreciate your work what ever you decide to do so once again thank you. Just wanted to ask thought about doing The Fancy Witch armor from Elianora I would but i have the knowledge to do it.. Not in the near future, no. Got to many projects right now :/

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Modding in Skyrim

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Modding is the process of altering or adding content to a video game to change its appearance, functionality, or overall experience. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of modding in Skyrim, a popular open-world role-playing game.

### Section 2: Practical Examples

To begin with modding in Skyrim, you will need to download a mod file and place it in the correct folder. You can find mod files on websites such as Nexus Mods or Skyrim Special Edition Nexus. Once you have downloaded a mod file, you need to extract it and place the .esp file in the Data folder of your Skyrim installation.

For example, let's say you want to add a new weapon to the game. You find a mod file on Nexus Mods that adds a sword called "Ultimate Sword." You download the mod file, extract it, and find the .esp file. You then place this file in the Data folder of your Skyrim installation. When you start the game, you should see the new sword in the game world.

### Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

Modding can be a complex process, especially if you are new to it. It is essential to follow the instructions provided by the mod author carefully. If you encounter any issues, you can consult the mod's discussion forum or ask for help on a gaming community.

It is also crucial to back up your game files before installing any mods. This way, you can easily revert to the original game if something goes wrong. Additionally, you should only install mods that are compatible with your game version and operating system.

### Glossary

- Mod: A modification or addition to an existing game, usually created by a third party.
- ESP File: A file containing data for a mod. It stands for "ESP" (Entity Schema) File.
- Data Folder: A folder in your computer where the game's data is stored.
- Nexus Mods: A website that hosts thousands of mods for various games, including Skyrim.
- Skyrim Special Edition Nexus: A website that hosts mods specifically for the Special Edition of Skyrim.

### Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the basics of modding in Skyrim. We covered theoretical concepts, practical examples, and real-world scenarios. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can add new weapons, armor, and other content to your game. Remember to always back up your game files before installing any mods and only install mods that are compatible with your game version and operating system. With these skills, you can apply them to other games and modding communities.


text: Art and Art History Department. - Academic Division: The College. - Degrees Offered: Bachelor of Arts. - Academic Programs: Art History Major Requirements Studio Art Major Requirements Cultural Heritage and Museum Studies. - ten most heavily subscribed academic units in the College.. In the Department of Art and Art History, we are committed to the inclusive and productive learning of every student who studies and creates with us. As faculty and staff, we recognize and value the diverse backgrounds of our students and we embrace the differences in our educational community. We are passionate to bring the demands of social and environmental justice to bear in our curriculum and our department as a whole. We are invested in producing learning environments that equitably engage and support a complex diversity of students, and we seek to attract their divergent interests to our department.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Art and Art History

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of art and art history. Art is the creation of objects that are beautiful or meaningful, while art history is the study of how art has developed over time.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's take a look at some examples of art and art history. Imagine you are walking through a museum and you see a painting of a landscape. This painting might be an example of representational art, which is art that represents things in the world around us. On the other hand, if you see a painting that looks like it was made by a computer, it might be an example of digital art, which uses technology to create art.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

Now let's think about how art and art history can be applied in the real world. For example, an art historian might study the works of famous artists to learn more about their culture and time period. An artist might use their skills to create works that express their ideas or opinions.

## Glossary

- Art: The creation of objects that are beautiful or meaningful.
- Art History: The study of how art has developed over time.
- Representational Art: Art that represents things in the world around us.
- Digital Art: Art that uses technology to create art.

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the basics of art and art history. We explored theoretical concepts, practical examples, and real-world scenarios. By understanding the importance of art and art history, we can appreciate and create art in our own lives.


text:
Jason A. Fox

Jason A. Fox (born 29 December 1983) is a Melbourne based thought leader, author and motivational speaker.

Career
Fox's career as a speaker spans fortune 500. As a speaker, he has been a part of numerous self organised events as well as of those organised by others and has also been cited among one of the male speakers who have boycotted all male speaker panels as a way to protest against lack of female representation.

Fox was awarded Keynote Speaker of the Year award for 2016 by Professional Speakers Australia.

Jason A. Fox is the best-selling author of The Game Changer. His recent work, How to Lead a Quest, also became a best selling book. Fox's research has been cited by Smart Company, BRW and The Financial Review among others.

References

External links

Category:1983 births
Category:Living people
Category:Australian writers
Category:Australian motivational speakers
Category:Murdoch University alumni
Category:Advisors

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Critical Thinking

Introduction

Critical thinking is an essential skill that helps us make informed decisions, solve problems, and understand complex ideas. It involves analyzing information, evaluating arguments, and making judgments based on evidence. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of critical thinking and how it can be applied to various scenarios.

Section 1: What is Critical Thinking?

Critical thinking is the process of actively and objectively analyzing information to form reasoned judgments. It involves using logic, reasoning, and evidence to evaluate ideas and arguments.

Why is critical thinking important?

Critical thinking is important because it helps us to:

1. Evaluate information: We need to be able to evaluate the credibility of sources and determine if the information presented is accurate and reliable.

2. Make informed decisions: By analyzing information and considering multiple perspectives, we can make more informed decisions.

3. Solve problems: Critical thinking helps us to identify problems, analyze solutions, and choose the best course of action.

4. Understand complex ideas: By breaking down complex ideas into smaller parts, we can better understand and evaluate them.

Section 2: Applying Critical Thinking

How can critical thinking be applied to various scenarios?

1. Personal life: Critical thinking can help us make decisions about our personal lives, such as choosing a career path or deciding whether to move to a new city.

2. Workplace: In the workplace, critical thinking can help us solve problems, evaluate ideas, and make decisions that benefit the company.

3. Social issues: By applying critical thinking to social issues, we can evaluate arguments and make informed decisions about how to address them.

4. Political issues: Critical thinking can help us evaluate political statements and claims, allowing us to make informed decisions about who to vote for or what policies to support.

Section 3: Practicing Critical Thinking

How can we practice critical thinking?

1. Ask questions: Asking questions is a great way to start practicing critical thinking. By asking questions, we can better understand the information presented and identify areas that need further analysis.

2. Analyze information: Once we have asked questions, we need to analyze the information presented. This involves looking at the evidence, evaluating the sources, and considering multiple perspectives.

3. Make connections: By making connections between different pieces of information, we can better understand complex ideas and evaluate arguments.

4. Evaluate arguments: When evaluating arguments, we need to consider the evidence presented, the credibility of the source, and the logic of the argument.

Conclusion

In conclusion, critical thinking is an essential skill that helps us make informed decisions, solve problems, and understand complex ideas. By actively analyzing information and evaluating arguments, we can improve our decision-making abilities and better understand the world around us. By practicing critical thinking, we can become more informed and effective problem solvers.


text: Art Rooijakkers is, by paternity, to be less important. June 17, 2019 07:54 pm. 17-06-19 07:54 pm. Recent updated: 34 minutes ago. Updated: 34 minutes ago. 1. Art Rooijakkers refers to the two daughters of Puck and a German spitz “the walking relativeringen” since the birth of the twins, was the presenter herself is less important to figure out.. They are about enrichment, don’t have the words to express it,” according to Rooijakkers, in a conversation with an AD. The presenter thinks he’s a lot more relaxed, in control of your life due to the two year old twins.. As of Monday, it makes Rooijakkers, ten weeks with a show on late night on RTL 4. He hopes that in spite of all the “madness” that will come between 18: 00 and 19: 30 hours at home to be able to. “For me and my girls are spaghetti dinner. This is the opportunity for the strings opslurpen. Such a pretty face, that is.”

textbook:
Lesson: Extracting Core Values from Text

Introduction:
In this self-taught lesson, we will learn how to extract core values from text. We will start with understanding the meaning of the text and then move on to identifying the main ideas and concepts. We will also practice applying these skills to different scenarios.

Section 1: Understanding the Text

The text appears to be a news article discussing the personal life of a celebrity named Art Rooijakkers. The article mentions that he has recently become a father to twins and is now less important in the media.

Questions:
1. What is the main idea of the text?
2. Who is Art Rooijakkers and what is his significance in the news?
3. What is the context of the article?

Answers:
1. The main idea of the text is that Art Rooijakkers has become a father to twins and is now less important in the media.
2. Art Rooijakkers is a celebrity who has recently become a father to twins.
3. The context of the article is that it is a news article discussing the personal life of Art Rooijakkers.

Section 2: Identifying Core Values

Now that we understand the text, let's identify the core values that can be extracted from it.

Core Value 1: Parenthood
The text implies that becoming a parent has changed Art Rooijakkers' status in the media. This suggests that parenthood is a significant life event that can impact one's public image.

Core Value 2: Priorities
The text also suggests that Art Rooijakkers is now more focused on his family life than his public image. This indicates that priorities can shift when major life events occur.

Core Value 3: Media Influence
The text implies that the media is influenced by the personal lives of celebrities. This suggests that the media's perception of a person can change based on their personal circumstances.

Section 3: Applying Core Values to Different Scenarios

Now that we have identified the core values from the text, let's practice applying them to different scenarios.

Scenario 1: A person becomes a political figure.

Core Value Application: The person's priorities may shift from focusing on their career to focusing on their family and personal life. Their public image may also change based on their actions and decisions as a political figure.

Scenario 2: A company undergoes a merger.

Core Value Application: The company's priorities may shift from focusing on their individual goals to focusing on the collective goals of the merged companies. Their public image may also change based on how they handle the merger and its impact on employees and customers.

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned how to extract core values from text. We started by understanding the meaning of the text and then moved on to identifying the main ideas and concepts. We then practiced applying these skills to different scenarios. By understanding the core values of the text, we can better understand the context and implications of the text.


text: Merton wide. 07739 722482. info@packawayparties.co.uk. From just £65 for up to 12 children. Themed party hire packages to provide you with all you need to host a unique, affordable, stress-free party for your child.. Packaway Parties packages come in a range of popular themes and each contains a party plan, decorations, props, costumes, name stickers, craft activities, games, music, prizes and a certificate for each child.. You know your child the best, and our packages give you the flexibility to create the perfect party for them, either in the intimacy of your own home or in a larger venue.. By hiring a package you don't have to purchase lots of decorations, props and games that will never be used again, and our comprehensive party plans are bursting with ideas and instructions to help you along.. We can provide additional fancy dress boxes and mascot hire to give your party the wow factor. For a complete party service choose our deluxe package.. Please login first.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Party Planning

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Party planning is the process of organizing and coordinating all the details of an event to achieve a specific goal. This includes determining the purpose, setting a budget, selecting a theme, choosing a venue, creating a guest list, sending invitations, selecting a caterer, and arranging for entertainment.

### Section 2: Questions and Answers
1. What is party planning?
2. Why is it important to set a budget for a party?
3. How do you select a theme for a party?
4. What should be included in a guest list?
5. What should be included in an invitation?
6. What should be considered when selecting a caterer?
7. What is the role of entertainment at a party?

### Section 3: Definitions of Purpose
- Purpose: To organize and coordinate all the details of an event to achieve a specific goal.

### Section 4: Practical Examples Using Mathematical Abstractions and Real-World Scenarios
Example 1: If you are hosting a party for 50 guests and each needs a plate, cup, and utensils, how many sets of dishware will you need?
Example 2: If you have a budget of $1000 for a party, how much should you spend on food, drinks, decorations, and entertainment?
Example 3: If you want to invite 20% of the students in your class to your birthday party, how many students should you invite?

### Glossary
- Budget: A plan for spending money.
- Theme: A central idea or motif.
- Venue: A place where an event takes place.
- Guest list: A list of people who are invited to an event.
- Caterer: A person or company that provides food and drinks for an event.
- Entertainment: Activities or events planned to entertain guests at a party.

### Conclusion
Party planning is an important skill that requires attention to detail, organization, and creativity. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can plan a successful party that meets your goals and exceeds your guests' expectations.


text:
Institutional Access

Description

Steels represent the most widely-used metallic alloy, possessing a wide range of microstructures and mechanical properties. By examining the mechanical properties of steels in conjunction with microstructure this book provides a valuable description of the development and behaviour of these materials - the very foundation of their widespread use. Updated throughout and including new chapters on nanostructured steels, and new alloys and technologies for the energy and automobile industries, the book is clearly written and illustrated, with extensive bibliographies and real-life examples. An essential reference, both compact and readily comprehensive, for metallurgists and engineers in both industry and academia.

Key Features

Covers the microstructure, mechanical behaviour and properties of steels, the most widely-used metallic alloy
· Thoroughly updated with new materials and technologies, plus a new accompanying set of exercises and solutions for teaching use
· Respected author team who bring their wide experience to students and professionals

Readership

Senior undergraduate students and postgraduates in materials science, physical metallurgy and mechanical engineering; Metallurgists and materials engineers in the steel industry

Table of Contents

Iron and its interstitial solid solutions The strengthening of iron and its alloys The iron-carbon equilibrium diagram and plain carbon steels The effects of alloying elements in iron-carbon alloys Formation of martensite The bainite reaction Acicular ferrite The heat treatment of steels - hardenability The tempering of martensite Commercial Steels: New material to include Nanostructured Steels, Steels for the Energy and Automobile Industries The embrittlement and fracture of steels Stainless steel Weld microstructures Modelling of microstructure and properties

Details

About the Author

Harry Bhadeshia

Harry Bhadeshia is the Tata Steel Professor of Physical Metallurgy at the University of Cambridge, UK. His research is concerned with the theory of solid-state transformations in metals, particularly multicomponent steels, with the goal of creating novel alloys and processes with the minimum use of resources. He is the author or co-author of more than 600 research papers and six books on the subject. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society, Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Engineering (India) and the American Welding Society. In 2015 Professor Bhadeshia was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the Queen's 2015 Birthday Honours for services to Science and Technology.

Affiliations and Expertise

Professor of Physical Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, UK, and Adjunct Professor, Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology, POSTECH, South Korea

Robert Honeycombe

Affiliations and Expertise

Emeritus Professor of Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, UK (deceased)

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textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Steels

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Steels are an alloy of iron and carbon, which can also contain other elements such as manganese, chromium, and nickel. They are the most widely used metallic alloy due to their versatility, strength, and durability. In this lesson, we will learn about the microstructure and mechanical properties of steels, which are the foundation of their widespread use.

### Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's consider a real-world example. Imagine you are designing a bridge that will carry cars and trucks over a river. You want the bridge to be strong enough to support the weight of the vehicles and withstand the forces of wind and water, but you also want it to be cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Steel is an excellent choice for this bridge because it is strong, durable, and recyclable. Additionally, steel can be shaped into various forms, such as I-beams and arches, to provide the necessary support for the bridge.

### Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

Why are steels the most widely-used metallic alloy? What are some of the factors that contribute to their popularity? Are there any limitations or drawbacks to using steels? How can we overcome these limitations?

### Glossary

- Microstructure: The arrangement and composition of atoms or components in a material.
- Mechanical properties: The characteristics of a material that determine its behavior under stress, such as strength, ductility, and toughness.
- Metallurgist: A scientist who specializes in the study of metals and their properties.
- Engineer: A professional who designs, builds, and maintains machines, structures, and systems.
- Alloy: A mixture of two or more metals or other elements, having metallic properties and characteristics.
- Carbon: A chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6, forming a vital part of all organic compounds and body.
- Manganese: A chemical element with the symbol Mn and atomic number 25, commonly found in combination with iron and other elements in minerals.
- Chromium: A chemical element with the symbol Cr and atomic number 24, known for its high luster, hardness, and resistance to corrosion.
- Nickel: A chemical element with the symbol Ni and atomic number 28, commonly used in various industrial applications.

### Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the microstructure and mechanical properties of steels, as well as their practical applications in engineering. We also engaged in self-debating discussions to analyze the reasons behind their popularity and identify potential limitations. By understanding the fundamentals of steels, we can apply this knowledge to design and develop innovative solutions for various industries and applications.


text:
Health and Human Services received approximately $79.5 billion for fiscal years 2018 and 2019, or about a 3 percent increase from 2015’s budget of almost $77.2 billion.

While both the Department of Family and Protective Services and the Health and Human Services Commission saw increases in their total funding (nearly 17 percent and 28 percent respectively), the Department of State Health Services saw a reduction of $4.9 billion from 2015’s budget. DSHS’ total funding for 2018-2019 is $1.5 billion.

“The budget change is related to the movement of the state mental health hospitals, WIC and some regulatory programs to other state agencies in order to allow us a greater focus on public health,” said Chris Van Deusen, Director of Media Relations at DSHS.

The Health and Human Services Commission confirmed that both WIC, the state mental health hospitals, and some regulatory services will be transferred over effective September 1 this year.

DSHS received $1.6 billion in the last biennium to provide WIC services and $870 million for mental health state hospitals. HHSC will receive similar levels of funding for 2018-2019.

HHSC will also take over regulatory services for

hospitals

ambulatory surgical centers

federal qualified health centers

birthing centers

rural health clinics

freestanding emergency medical care facilities

abortion facilities

end stage renal disease facilities

comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation facilities

chemical dependency facilities

crisis stabilization units

narcotic treatment programs

clinical laboratories

outpatient physical and speech therapy

The state budget reduces DSHS funding from all funding sources, cutting the general revenue fund by 82 percent, the general revenue fund – dedicated by 63 percent, federal funds by 77 percent, and other funds by 61 percent.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Texas Budget Allocation for Health and Human Services

**Objective:** To understand the budget allocation for Health and Human Services in Texas and its impact on various departments.

**Introduction:** The Texas government allocates a significant amount of its budget to the Health and Human Services sector. In this lesson, we will learn about the budget allocation for the fiscal years 2018 and 2019 and how it impacted various departments within the sector.

**Section 1: Budget Allocation for Health and Human Services**

For the fiscal years 2018 and 2019, the Health and Human Services sector received approximately $79.5 billion, which was an increase of about 3% from the 2015 budget of almost $77.2 billion.

**Section 2: Impact on Departments**

While both the Department of Family and Protective Services and the Health and Human Services Commission saw increases in their total funding (nearly 17% and 28% respectively), the Department of State Health Services saw a reduction of $4.9 billion from 2015’s budget. DSHS’ total funding for 2018-2019 was $1.5 billion.

**Section 3: Transfer of Programs**

The budget change was due to the movement of the state mental health hospitals, WIC, and some regulatory programs to other state agencies. This was done to allow the Department of State Health Services to focus more on public health.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

In conclusion, understanding the budget allocation for Health and Human Services is crucial in determining how various departments are impacted. By analyzing the changes in funding, we can gain insight into how the government prioritizes different programs and services. This knowledge can be applied to new problems and situations, allowing us to make informed decisions about how to allocate resources effectively.

**Glossary:**
- **Budget:** A plan for the financial management of a government, typically prepared by the executive branch and then debated and approved by the legislature.
- **Allocation:** The process of making something available or distributing resources in a particular way, often with a specific purpose in mind.
- **Department:** An organizational unit of government responsible for a specific area of activity.
- **Agency:** An organization or department that acts as a representative for another or others, usually in a government context.
- **Funding:** The act of providing resources, usually in the form of money, to support a particular program or initiative.

**Glossary**
- **Budget:** A plan for the financial management of a government, typically prepared by the executive branch and then debated and approved by the legislature.
- **Allocation:** The process of making something available or distributing resources in a particular way, often with a specific purpose in mind.
- **Department:** An organizational unit of government responsible for a specific area of activity.
- **Agency:** An organization or department that acts as a representative for another or others, usually in a government context.
- **Funding:** The act of providing resources, usually in the form of money, to support a particular program or initiative.


text: I have a 7 year old Samsung 60" tv. We had a power outage the other night and now the tv will not turn on. I took it apart and found that on the power supply board the ceramic fuse was blown. I replaced the fuse on the power supply board and plugged everything back in and the fuse blew again. I replaced the fuse a second time and did not plug the other boards back in, the fuse blew again along with some capacitors. My question is do I spend the $200 on a new power supply board and plug it in and everything will work, or do i have the risk of other boards being shorted also, leading to more money, or do i scrap the tv and buy new?

textbook:
Title: Understanding Electricity and Electronics

## Chapter 1: Introduction to Electricity and Electronics

In this chapter, we will learn about electricity and electronics, two fields that are essential for understanding modern technology. We will start by defining what electricity and electronics are, and then move on to discuss their applications in our daily lives.

### Section 1: What is Electricity?

Electricity is a form of energy that flows through wires and circuits. It is generated from various sources such as coal, nuclear, wind, and solar power. Electricity can be used to power devices such as lights, computers, and appliances.

### Section 2: What is Electronics?

Electronics is the study of how electricity behaves in devices called "electronic devices." These devices use electricity to perform tasks such as storing data, transmitting signals, and controlling machinery. Examples of electronic devices include smartphones, televisions, and computers.

### Section 3: Applications of Electricity and Electronics

Electricity and electronics have many applications in our daily lives. Here are just a few examples:

- Lighting: Electricity powers the lights in our homes and offices.
- Communication: Electronics enable us to communicate with others through devices like smartphones and computers.
- Entertainment: Electronics allow us to enjoy movies, music, and games on devices like televisions and game consoles.
- Transportation: Electricity powers vehicles like electric cars and trains.

### Section 4: Conclusion

In this chapter, we learned about electricity and electronics and their applications in our daily lives. In the next chapter, we will dive deeper into the science behind these fields.


text:
Q:

Creating Summary Table from R Variables

I am currently importing a large .csv file of NBA box score summaries.  Each player for each game has its own entry.
I am using the following code to calculate a few different statistics for each unique name within the .csv file.
NBA_SD <- NBA %>%
group_by(First..Last) %>%
summarise(sd = sd(DKP))

NBA_MAX <- NBA %>%
group_by(First..Last) %>%
summarise(max = max(DKP))

NBA_MIN <- NBA %>%
group_by(First..Last) %>%
summarise(min = min(DKP))

NBA_MEAN <- NBA %>%
group_by(First..Last) %>%
summarise(mean = mean(DKP))

My goal from here is to essentially create a table similar to an Excel spreadsheet with each player name and then the corresponding statistic to the right of the name in a new column.
Any help would be greatly appreciated!

A:

You can create multiple summary statistics with summarise, all on the same data frame:
library(tidyverse)

NBA %>%
  group_by(First..Last) %>%
  summarise(sd = sd(DKP),
            max = max(DKP),
            min = min(DKP),
            mean = mean(DKP))

textbook:
Lesson: Creating Summary Tables in R

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to create summary tables in R. We will start by importing a dataset and then use the `group_by()` and `summarise()` functions to create a summary table. We will also learn how to add column names and row names to our table. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to create summary tables for any dataset in R.

Section 1: Importing Data

The first step in creating a summary table is to import the data. In this example, we are importing a dataset called "NBA" which contains box score summaries for NBA games.

```r
library(tidyverse)

NBA <- read_csv("path/to/nba_data.csv")
```

Section 2: Grouping Data

Next, we need to group the data by a specific variable. In this example, we are grouping the data by the player's last name.

```r
NBA_SD <- NBA %>%
  group_by(First..Last) %>%
  summarise(sd = sd(DKP))
```

Section 3: Calculating Statistics

Now that we have grouped the data, we can calculate statistics for each group. In this example, we are calculating the standard deviation (sd), maximum value (max), minimum value (min), and mean (mean) for each player.

```r
NBA_MAX <- NBA %>%
  group_by(First..Last) %>%
  summarise(max = max(DKP))

NBA_MIN <- NBA %>%
  group_by(First..Last) %>%
  summarise(min = min(DKP))

NBA_MEAN <- NBA %>%
  group_by(First..Last) %>%
  summarise(mean = mean(DKP))
```

Section 4: Creating the Summary Table

Finally, we can create the summary table by combining the results of the previous calculations. We can use the `cbind()` function to combine the results into a single data frame.

```r
summary_table <- cbind(NBA_SD, NBA_MAX, NBA_MIN, NBA_MEAN)
```

Section 5: Adding Column Names and Row Names

To make the summary table easier to read, we can add column names and row names.

```r
colnames(summary_table) <- c("Player", "SD", "Max", "Min", "Mean")
rownames(summary_table) <- NBA_SD$First..Last
```

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned how to create summary tables in R using the `group_by()` and `summarise()` functions. We also learned how to add column names and row names to our table to make it more user-friendly. By following these steps, you can create summary tables for any dataset in R.


text:
A polyphasic study of Aspergillus section Flavi isolated from corn in Guangxi, China- a hot spot of aflatoxin contamination.
Aspergillus section Flavi is widely known as a potential threat to contaminate agricultural products and food commodities. In this study, a polyphasic approach consisting of micro- and macro-morphological, chemical and molecular features, was applied to survey the Aspergillus section Flavi population in corn collected from Guangxi, China. Based on multigene phylogenies as well as morphological observations, Aspergillus flavus (192/195), A. arachidicola (1/195), A. pseudonomius (1/195) and A. novoparasiticus (1/195) were found to be the predominant section Flavi population. Among them, 31 representative isolates were selected for mycotoxin determination. The results showed that Aspergillus flavus chemotype I was most common, chemotype IV was also detected with low incidence and low CPA amounts, while chemotypes II and III were absent. Other tested species including A. arachidicola, A. pseudonomius, and A. novoparasiticus produced all types of aflatoxins, but none of them produced CPA. The polyphasic approach applied in this study permitted reliable understanding of the prevailing Aspergillus section Flavi population and their mycotoxin profiles. Knowledge of the prevailing section Flavi population will aid in developing a sustainable strategy to mitigate the effects of aflatoxin contamination. This study suggests that CPA contamination of food should be considered while conducting mycotoxigenic surveys of food commodities, and the same should be considered while planning a bio-control strategy to control aflatoxin contamination.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Aspergillus section Flavi

## Chapter 1: Overview of Aspergillus section Flavi

Aspergillus section Flavi is a group of fungi that are commonly found in soil and decaying organic matter. They can cause contamination of agricultural products and food commodities, posing a significant risk to human and animal health. The most common species in this section are Aspergillus flavus, A. arachidicola, A. pseudonomius, and A. novoparasiticus. These fungi can produce a toxic compound called aflatoxin, which can cause liver cancer and other health problems if ingested by humans or animals.

## Chapter 2: Morphology and Identification of Aspergillus section Flavi

Aspergillus section Flavi can be identified using both micro- and macro-morphological techniques. Microscopically, these fungi have characteristic conidiophores, vesicles, and phialides that can be observed under a microscope. Macroscopically, they form colonies with distinct color and texture variations. To accurately identify the species within the section Flavi, molecular techniques such as DNA sequencing can be used to analyze specific genes that are unique to each species.

## Chapter 3: Mycotoxins Produced by Aspergillus section Flavi

Aspergillus section Flavi can produce a variety of mycotoxins, including aflatoxins, ochratoxins, and fumonisins. Aflatoxins are the most potent and well-studied mycotoxins produced by these fungi. They can contaminate crops such as corn, peanuts, and tree nuts, causing significant economic losses and posing serious health risks to humans and animals. The production of aflatoxins is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and nutrient availability.

## Chapter 4: Detection and Control of Aspergillus section Flavi

Early detection and control of Aspergillus section Flavi are crucial in preventing contamination of agricultural products and food commodities. Sampling and analytical techniques such as PCR, ELISA, and HPLC can be used to detect the presence of these fungi and their mycotoxins. Preventive measures such as proper storage, crop rotation, and the use of resistant varieties can help reduce the risk of contamination. In addition, chemical treatments such as the use of fungicides can be employed to control the growth of these fungi.

## Chapter 5: Conclusion

Understanding the biology, morphology, and mycotoxin production of Aspergillus section Flavi is essential for effective detection and control of these fungi in agricultural settings. This knowledge can help prevent contamination of food commodities and protect human and animal health. By applying the concepts learned in this lesson, individuals can contribute to the development of strategies to minimize the risk of Aspergillus section Flavi contamination and improve food safety.


text: Smarsh Adds Voice Archiving Offering with Acquisition of London-Based Cognia, analyse,. .”. Smarsh is actively helping financial organisations prepare to meet the recordkeeping and supervisory requirements under updates to the European Union’s Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID II) and its accompanying regulation (MiFIR), which go into effect on January 3, 2018. The regulations affect organisations.. About Smarsh. Smarsh® delivers a comprehensive and integrated suite of information archiving applications and services that help companies protect themselves and manage risk. Its centralized platform provides a unified compliance and e-discovery workflow across the entire range of digital communications, including email, social media, websites, instant messaging, mobile text messaging and voice.:. Contact information. Lumina Communications for Smarsh, Inc.. John Kreuzer, 408-896-3307. jkreuzer@luminap

textbook:
Title: Introduction to Recordkeeping and Supervisory Requirements Under MiFID II and MiFIR

## Chapter 1: Overview of MiFID II and MiFIR

### Section 1.1: What are MiFID II and MiFIR?

MiFID II and MiFIR are European Union (EU) regulations that aim to improve the functioning of financial markets and enhance the protection of investors. They were adopted in 2014 and will come into effect on January 3, 2018.

### Section 1.2: Who does MiFID II and MiFIR affect?

MiFID II and MiFIR affect financial organizations such as investment firms, banks, and other intermediaries that provide investment services to clients in the EU.

### Section 1.3: What are the main requirements of MiFID II and MiFIR?

The main requirements of MiFID II and MiFIR include:

1. Enhancing the transparency and efficiency of financial markets
2. Ensuring the proper management of conflicts of interest
3. Protecting investors, particularly those who are retail clients
4. Promoting fair competition among market participants

## Chapter 2: Recordkeeping Requirements Under MiFID II and MiFIR

### Section 2.1: What are the recordkeeping requirements under MiFID II and MiFIR?

Financial organizations must keep records of their activities, including communications with clients and transactions. These records must be kept for a minimum of five years and must be easily accessible and retrievable.

### Section 2.2: What types of records must be kept?

Financial organizations must keep records of:

1. Client orders and transactions
2. Communications with clients, including emails, telephone conversations, and instant messages
3. Orders and transactions related to financial instruments
4. Internal policies and procedures relating to conflicts of interest
5. Complaints from clients and how they were resolved

### Section 2.3: Why are recordkeeping requirements important?

Recordkeeping requirements are essential for ensuring transparency, accountability, and compliance with regulatory obligations. They also serve as evidence in case of any disputes or investigations.

## Chapter 3: Supervisory Requirements Under MiFID II and MiFIR

### Section 3.1: What are the supervisory requirements under MiFID II and MiFIR?

Financial organizations must establish and maintain effective systems and controls to ensure compliance with MiFID II and MiFIR. They must also have in place appropriate procedures to detect and report any suspicious transactions or behaviors.

### Section 3.2: How can financial organizations ensure compliance with supervisory requirements?

Financial organizations can ensure compliance with supervisory requirements by:

1. Developing and implementing policies and procedures that are consistent with MiFID II and MiFIR
2. Conducting regular training and awareness programs for employees
3. Regularly reviewing and updating policies and procedures to ensure they remain relevant and effective
4. Implementing a robust compliance monitoring program to identify and address any potential breaches
5. Establishing a culture of compliance within the organization

## Chapter 4: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios

### Section 4.1: Practical example - Email communication between a financial advisor and client

Email communication between a financial advisor and client must be recorded and retained for a minimum of five years. This includes all emails related to financial instruments, orders, and transactions.

### Section 4.2: Real-world scenario - Investigation into potential market manipulation

If a financial organization suspects that one of its clients is involved in market manipulation, it must report the suspicion to the relevant authorities and conduct an internal investigation to gather evidence. The organization must also retain all relevant records, including emails, phone calls, and instant messages, for use in any potential legal proceedings.

## Glossary

- MiFID II: Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II
- MiFIR: Markets in Financial Instruments Regulation
- Financial instrument: A security, derivative, or other financial asset that can be traded in the financial markets
- Retail client: A natural person who is acting for purposes outside his or her trade, business or profession
- Conflict of interest: A situation in which an individual or organization is involved in multiple interests, some of which may conflict with each other
- Recordkeeping: The process of keeping and maintaining records of activities, communications, and transactions
- Supervision: The oversight and monitoring of financial organizations to ensure compliance with regulatory obligations
- Suspicious transaction: Any transaction that raises concerns or appears to be inconsistent with the normal behavior of the client or the organization.


text: Judson school, for example, you may gain an advantage in corporate recruiting being done on-campus. Check with the MBA Charter Oak State College study skills as a complementary elective to your primary course of Perioperative Services Director/UKHC. University of Kentucky. Participates in strategic planning, implementation, and evaluation of all new and revised programs and projects... 54 minutes ago Editorial Assistant (Entry-Level Editor). Bobit Business Media. Ability to meet tight deadlines and handle multiple projects is a must. Bobit is looking to hire an Editorial Assistant.. 7 days ago

textbook:
Lesson: How to Find Jobs in Your Field

Introduction:
Finding a job in your field can be challenging, especially if you are new to the workforce or switching careers. However, with the right strategies and tools, you can increase your chances of finding a job that matches your skills and interests. In this lesson, we will explore different ways to find jobs in your field and learn about the steps you can take to make yourself stand out to potential employers.

Section 1: Strategies for Finding Jobs in Your Field

1.1. Networking
Networking is one of the most effective ways to find jobs in your field. It involves building relationships with people who work in your industry, attending networking events, and connecting with others on social media platforms like LinkedIn. By building a strong network, you can learn about job opportunities before they are advertised publicly and receive referrals from people who know your skills and expertise.

1.2. Job Boards and Company Websites
Job boards and company websites are another way to find jobs in your field. There are many online job boards available, such as Indeed, Glassdoor, and Monster, that allow you to search for jobs based on your skills and qualifications. You can also visit the websites of companies in your industry to see if they have any job openings listed.

1.3. Recruitment Agencies
Recruitment agencies are companies that specialize in matching job seekers with employers. They typically have access to jobs that are not advertised publicly and can help you find positions that match your skills and experience. To work with a recruitment agency, you usually need to register with them and provide information about your skills and qualifications.

1.4. Professional Organizations
Professional organizations are groups that represent a particular industry or profession. They often have job boards and resources specifically for their members. Joining a professional organization can help you connect with other professionals in your field, learn about job opportunities, and stay up-to-date on industry trends.

Section 2: Preparing for Job Interviews

2.1. Research the Company
Before going into a job interview, it's essential to research the company you're interviewing with. This can help you understand the company's culture, values, and goals, which can help you tailor your responses to fit the company's needs. You can research the company on their website, social media channels, and by reading news articles about them.

2.2. Practice Your Responses
Practicing your responses to common interview questions can help you feel more confident and prepared during the actual interview. Some common interview questions include "Tell me about yourself," "What are your strengths and weaknesses?" and "Why do you want to work for our company?" You can find lists of common interview questions online and practice your responses with a friend or family member.

2.3. Dress Appropriately
Dressing appropriately for a job interview is essential because it shows that you take the opportunity seriously. For most professional positions, this means wearing a suit or dress and tie. If you're unsure about what to wear, it's best to overdress rather than underdress.

Section 3: Standing Out to Potential Employers

3.1. Highlight Your Skills and Experience
During the job interview, it's essential to highlight your skills and experience that make you a good fit for the position. Be specific when talking about your accomplishments and use examples to demonstrate your skills in action.

3.2. Show Enthusiasm and Interest
Employers want to hire people who are enthusiastic and interested in the position. Showing enthusiasm and interest can help you stand out from other candidates. Asking thoughtful questions about the company and position can demonstrate your interest and enthusiasm.

3.3. Follow Up After the Interview
After the job interview, it's essential to follow up with the employer. This can show that you are still interested in the position and give you another opportunity to demonstrate your skills and experience. Thank the employer for the opportunity and reiterate your interest in the position.

Conclusion:
Finding jobs in your field can be challenging, but by following the strategies and tips outlined in this lesson, you can increase your chances of finding a job that matches your skills and interests. Remember to network, research companies before interviews, and highlight your skills and experience during interviews. With these strategies and tools, you can stand out to potential employers and land the job you want.


text: O'Neill Toddler Reactor 2mm Wetsuit 2018 - Berry/light Aqua/Graph. Product Details. This 2018 Toddler Reactor has been updated with a new and improved panel layout, new prints and colours and even softer and more flexible materials! Yes you could probably find a cheaper kids wetsuit but the quality of the neoprene and construction will lead to chaffing at the neck, under the arms and behind the knees, resulting in a miserable child who won't want to put a wetsuit on ever again!. The O'Neill Toddler Reactor uses the new Ultra Flex neoprene which is softer and more flexible than before giving a snug and comfortable fit. Other features include a quality YKK back zip, Flatlock breathable stitching and nice wide leg openings for easy on/off.. Sarah (reviewed 31/10/2017). LE BRIS ALAIN (reviewed 15/06/2015). tracy (reviewed 08/04/2015). Write Your Own Review. Delivery Options for O'Neill Toddler Reactor 2mm Wetsuit 2018 - Berry/light Aqua/Graph Toddler Reactor 2mm Wetsuit 2018 - Berry/light Aqua/Graph?

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Neoprene and Wetsuits

## Section 1: Theory

Neoprene is a synthetic rubber that is commonly used to make wetsuits. It is made from polychloroprene, which is a type of foam that traps air inside and creates an insulating layer between the body and the water. Wetsuits are designed to keep swimmers warm while they are in the water by providing buoyancy and reducing heat loss.

## Section 2: Practice

1. What is neoprene made from?
Answer: Neoprene is made from polychloroprene, which is a type of foam that traps air inside and creates an insulating layer between the body and the water.

2. Why do swimmers wear wetsuits?
Answer: Swimmers wear wetsuits to stay warm while they are in the water. Wetsuits provide buoyancy and reduce heat loss, which helps swimmers maintain their body temperature.

3. How does neoprene work to keep swimmers warm?
Answer: Neoprene works by trapping a layer of air between the swimmer's body and the water. This air layer acts as an insulator, preventing heat from escaping and keeping the swimmer warm.

## Section 3: Application

Now that you understand the theory behind neoprene and wetsuits, let's apply this knowledge to a real-world scenario. Imagine you are a swim coach for a team of young swimmers. You want to ensure that they are wearing the appropriate wetsuits for their swimming sessions. Based on what you know about neoprene and wetsuits, what factors would you consider when selecting the right wetsuit for each swimmer?

1. What is the water temperature?
Answer: The water temperature is an important factor to consider when selecting a wetsuit. Swimmers will need a thicker wetsuit if the water temperature is colder to provide more insulation and buoyancy.

2. What is the swimmer's experience level?
Answer: The swimmer's experience level is also an important consideration. More experienced swimmers may require a different type of wetsuit than beginners, as they may need more flexibility or range of motion.

3. What is the swim distance and duration?
Answer: The distance and duration of the swim are also important factors to consider. Longer or more extended swims may require a different type of wetsuit than shorter, more recreational swims.

Conclusion: In this lesson, we learned about neoprene and wetsuits, including how they work to keep swimmers warm. We also applied this knowledge to a real-world scenario, considering factors such as water temperature, swimmer experience level, and swim distance and duration when selecting the appropriate wetsuit. By understanding the principles behind neoprene and wetsuits, we can make informed decisions about which wetsuits are best for different swimming situations.

Glossary:
- Neoprene: A synthetic rubber made from polychloroprene that is commonly used to make wetsuits.
- Wetsuit: A garment made from neoprene that is worn by swimmers to stay warm while in the water.


text: Some of the most versatile cleaners and health aids are already in our homes, quite possibly in the pantry or the refrigerator. With a focus on personal wellness, home cleaning, and pet care, this illustrated guide provides simple and effective options to live a healthier, more natural life. As this book reveals, you can apply baking soda to bug bites, coconut oil can be made into toothpaste, and apple cider vinegar fights lactic acid to give you an energy boost. These surprising tips can help you discover how to take better care of your skin, your health, and your home—all while saving money and using eco-friendly options.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Natural Home Remedies for Personal Wellness, Home Cleaning, and Pet Care

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore natural home remedies that can help us maintain personal wellness, keep our homes clean, and take care of our pets. We will focus on simple and effective options that can be found in our pantries and refrigerators. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to apply baking soda to bug bites, make toothpaste out of coconut oil, and use apple cider vinegar to fight lactic acid and give you an energy boost.

Section 1: Personal Wellness

Topic 1: Baking Soda for Bug Bites
Question: Can baking soda be used to treat bug bites?
Answer: Yes, baking soda can be used to treat bug bites. It helps to reduce the itching and swelling caused by the bite.

Topic 2: Coconut Oil as Toothpaste
Question: Can coconut oil be used as toothpaste?
Answer: Yes, coconut oil can be used as toothpaste. It helps to remove plaque and prevent tooth decay.

Topic 3: Apple Cider Vinegar for Energy Boost
Question: Can apple cider vinegar be used to give an energy boost?
Answer: Yes, apple cider vinegar can be used to give an energy boost. It helps to fight lactic acid, which can cause fatigue during exercise.

Section 2: Home Cleaning

Topic 1: Baking Soda for Cleaning
Question: Can baking soda be used for cleaning?
Answer: Yes, baking soda can be used for cleaning. It helps to remove stains and odors from surfaces.

Topic 2: Vinegar for Cleaning
Question: Can vinegar be used for cleaning?
Answer: Yes, vinegar can be used for cleaning. It helps to remove dirt and grime from surfaces.

Section 3: Pet Care

Topic 1: Coconut Oil for Pets
Question: Can coconut oil be used for pets?
Answer: Yes, coconut oil can be used for pets. It helps to moisturize their fur and skin.

Topic 2: Apple Cider Vinegar for Pets
Question: Can apple cider vinegar be used for pets?
Answer: Yes, apple cider vinegar can be used for pets. It helps to clean their teeth and prevent dental problems.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about natural home remedies that can be used for personal wellness, home cleaning, and pet care. We discovered simple and effective options that can be found in our pantries and refrigerators. By applying baking soda to bug bites, making toothpaste out of coconut oil, and using apple cider vinegar to fight lactic acid and give an energy boost, we can take better care of ourselves, our homes, and our pets. These skills can be applied to new problems by using common household items to create natural remedies for various purposes.


text: Rectangular Floor Box Systems. The. rectangular modular floor box system is designed to. customize your construction project as needed, allowing. the easy field ganging of 2 or 3 boxes with one SKU.. Simply remove the appropriate side and slide the units. together to fit your needs. Last minute project changes. can now be easily accommodated. Carlon floor boxes are. manufactured from tough thermoplastic material and are. superior to metallic boxes in both cost and performance.. Furthermore, unlike metallic boxes, Carlon floor boxes. are all one depth and can easily be field cut to fit. the depth of pour. After the pour, no collar adjustment. is needed. Uneven levels are simply cut flush with the. floor. A full complement of activation kits and attractive. 1, 2 and 3-gang covers, now including brass options,. make Carlon Floor Box Systems a better and more economic. alternative.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Rectangular Floor Box Systems

## Section 1: What are Rectangular Floor Box Systems?
Rectangular Floor Box Systems are modular floor boxes that are designed to be customized for construction projects. They are made from tough thermoplastic material and are superior to metallic boxes in both cost and performance. These systems are designed to allow for easy field gangability, which means that they can be easily connected to other boxes without having to purchase additional parts.

## Section 2: How do Rectangular Floor Box Systems work?
Rectangular Floor Box Systems are designed to be versatile and adaptable to different construction projects. They can be easily cut to fit the depth of the pour, and no collar adjustment is needed after the pour. This means that uneven levels can be easily cut flush with the floor. These systems also come with a full complement of activation kits and attractive covers, including brass options, making them a better and more economic alternative to metallic boxes.

## Section 3: Why use Rectangular Floor Box Systems?
There are several reasons why Rectangular Floor Box Systems are a better choice than metallic boxes. Firstly, they are made from tough thermoplastic material, which makes them superior in both cost and performance. Secondly, they are all one depth, which means that they can be easily field cut to fit the depth of the pour. This eliminates the need for any collar adjustment after the pour. Finally, these systems come with a full complement of activation kits and attractive covers, making them a better and more economic alternative to metallic boxes.

## Conclusion
In conclusion, Rectangular Floor Box Systems are a versatile and adaptable option for construction projects. They are made from tough thermoplastic material, which makes them superior in both cost and performance. These systems are designed to be easily customizable and can be easily cut to fit the depth of the pour. They also come with a full complement of activation kits and attractive covers, making them a better and more economic alternative to metallic boxes. By using Rectangular Floor Box Systems, you can easily accommodate last-minute project changes and apply skills gained from the topic to new problems.


text: We are delighted to announce that our Curry Chips have been shortlisted in the Free From Food Awards, Meal Components Category, 2022!. The awards will take place virtually on 26th April and winners will be announced on the night, highlighting the high performers in the Free From category, recognising the best products which are free from major allergens.. From the initial dream of producing traditional Ulster ‘champ’ for convenience in 2004, we have grown Mash Direct into a national household brand producing over 50 products. It is a lovely honour to have our Curry Chips recognised at these prestigious Awards.. Jack Hamilton, CEO, said “Being shortlisted for this award is a testament to the hard work of the whole team, maintaining high quality standards while growing our range of products. To be named as a Finalist in these awards is a tremendous achievement. It is an honour to be up against such strong businesses and we wish them all luck for 2022.". For more info about the awards, please click here

textbook:
Lesson: How to Make the Perfect Curry Chips
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to make the perfect curry chips. We will start with the ingredients, then move on to the preparation and cooking process, and finally, we will explore some tips and tricks to make your curry chips even better.
Ingredients:
- 1 kg potatoes
- 2 tablespoons vegetable oil
- 1 teaspoon salt
- 1 teaspoon paprika
- 1 teaspoon cumin
- 1 teaspoon coriander
- 1 teaspoon turmeric
- 1 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 400g ready-to-eat curry goat or lamb
- 1 onion, finely chopped
- 2 garlic cloves, minced
- 2 tablespoons tomato paste
- 2 tablespoons soy sauce
- 1 tablespoon brown sugar
- 1 teaspoon cinnamon
- 1 teaspoon nutmeg
- 1 teaspoon cumin seeds
- Salt and pepper, to taste
Instructions:
1. Preheat the oven to 200°C (390°F).
2. Cut the potatoes into thin slices using a mandoline or a sharp knife.
3. In a bowl, mix together the vegetable oil, salt, paprika, cumin, coriander, turmeric, garlic powder, and cayenne pepper.
4. Add the potatoes to the bowl and toss until they are evenly coated with the spice mixture.
5. Spread the potatoes out on a baking sheet in a single layer.
6. Bake for 20-25 minutes, or until the potatoes are crispy and golden brown.
7. While the potatoes are baking, heat a large skillet over medium-high heat.
8. Add the onion and garlic and cook until softened, about 3 minutes.
9. Add the curry goat or lamb and cook until heated through, about 5 minutes.
10. Add the tomato paste, soy sauce, brown sugar, cinnamon, nutmeg, cumin seeds, salt, and pepper.
11. Simmer for 10-15 minutes, or until the sauce has thickened and the flavors have melded together.
Tips and Tricks:
- Use a mandoline or a sharp knife to cut the potatoes into thin slices. This will ensure that they crisp up nicely in the oven.
- Be sure to season the potatoes with enough salt and spice mixture to taste. You can also add additional spices to the mixture if desired.
- For an extra boost of flavor, toss the potatoes in melted butter before baking.
- If you prefer a milder curry, reduce the amount of cayenne pepper in the spice mixture.
Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to make the perfect curry chips by starting with the ingredients, moving on to the preparation and cooking process, and finally, exploring some tips and tricks to make your curry chips even better. With these instructions, you can enjoy a delicious and flavorful snack that is sure to impress your friends and family.


text: The body mass index (BMI) is a calculated value which allows you to define how well. the mass of the human body corresponds to the height and consequently a degree of over- or underweightness.. BMI was developed by Belgian scientist Adolphe Quetelet in 1869.. Using BMI you can try to estimate the risk of developing an illness due to excess or low weight.. As of today, there are several variations of the body mass index (e.g. BMI Prime, Ponderal Index PI).. In our BMI calculator we use classical BMI which is calculated with the following formula:

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Body Mass Index (BMI)

Introduction:
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measure that is used to determine whether an individual is underweight, overweight, or has a healthy weight. In this lesson, we will learn about the history of BMI, how it is calculated, and how it can be used to assess an individual's weight status.

Section 1: History of BMI
- BMI was developed by Belgian scientist Adolphe Quetelet in 1869.
- At the time, BMI was used to describe the distribution of body weight among populations.
- It was not until the early 20th century that BMI was used to classify individuals as overweight or underweight.

Section 2: How BMI is Calculated
- BMI is calculated by dividing an individual's weight (in kilograms) by their height (in meters).
- The resulting number is then multiplied by itself.
- The formula for calculating BMI is: weight (kg) / height (m)^2 = BMI

Section 3: Using BMI to Assess Weight Status
- A BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 is considered healthy weight.
- A BMI of 25 to 29.9 is considered overweight.
- A BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese.
- Individuals with a BMI below 18.5 are considered underweight.

Section 4: Variations of BMI
- There are several variations of BMI, including BMI Prime and Ponderal Index (PI).
- In our BMI calculator, we use the classical BMI formula.

Section 5: Practical Examples
- If an individual weighs 70 kg and is 1.80 m tall, their BMI would be calculated as follows: 70 / 1.80^2 = 21.09. This means that they have a healthy weight.
- If an individual weighs 90 kg and is 1.70 m tall, their BMI would be calculated as follows: 90 / 1.70^2 = 24.11. This means that they are overweight.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the history of BMI, how it is calculated, and how it can be used to assess an individual's weight status. We also learned about the variations of BMI and practical examples of how to calculate BMI. By understanding BMI, we can make informed decisions about our health and wellness.


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textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Logistics

### Section 1: What is Logistics?
Logistics is the process of managing the flow of goods, services, and information from supplier to consumer. It involves planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient movement and storage of goods, including raw materials, work-in-progress, and finished products.

### Section 2: Why is Logistics Important?
Logistics is important because it helps businesses manage their supply chain effectively. A well-managed logistics system can reduce costs, increase efficiency, and improve customer satisfaction.

### Section 3: How does Logistics Work?
Logistics involves several steps, including procurement, production, transportation, storage, and distribution. Each step is interconnected and requires careful planning and coordination to ensure that goods are delivered on time and in the correct quantities.

### Section 4: Types of Logistics
There are several types of logistics, including inbound logistics (managing the movement of goods from suppliers to manufacturers), outbound logistics (managing the movement of finished goods from manufacturers to customers), and reverse logistics (managing the return of defective or unwanted products).

### Section 5: Logistics and Supply Chain Management
Logistics is an essential part of supply chain management, which involves managing the entire process of producing and delivering goods from raw materials to end consumers. Effective supply chain management can help businesses reduce costs, improve quality, and increase customer satisfaction.

### Section 6: Logistics and Global Trade
Logistics plays a critical role in global trade, as it involves coordinating the movement of goods across borders. This requires knowledge of customs clearance procedures, tariff codes, and other regulatory requirements.

### Section 7: Logistics and Technology
Technology has revolutionized logistics by enabling businesses to track shipments in real-time, optimize delivery routes, and automate many tasks. However, businesses must also consider the security implications of using technology in logistics.

### Conclusion
Logistics is a critical component of modern business, as it involves managing the flow of goods, services, and information from supplier to consumer. By understanding the principles of logistics and supply chain management, businesses can reduce costs, improve quality, and increase customer satisfaction. As technology continues to transform the logistics industry, businesses must stay up-to-date with the latest trends and best practices to remain competitive.


text: Learn more about the new BMW 535 Gran Turismo at Auto Loan Daily. Whether you're browsing or in full purchase mode our buyer's guide can help you get the information you want on each new car trim. The new BMW 535 Gran Turismo is available with a starting price of $57,000 but can reach prices of $59,300 based on various packages, options, and your trim selection. For those worried about fuel economy you should know that the base model new BMW 535 Gran Turismo gets 19 miles per gallon in the city and 28 miles per gallon when cruising on the highway. Select a trim below to learn more about the new 535 Gran Turismo today.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Car Buying

## Section 1: Overview of Car Buying
In this section, we will introduce the concept of car buying and explain why it is an essential life skill. We will also discuss the different types of cars available in the market and the factors to consider when choosing a car.

### Topic 1: Why Learn About Car Buying?
Car buying is an essential life skill that everyone should know. It is a process that involves purchasing a vehicle, which is often one of the most significant investments people make. Knowing how to buy a car can save you money, time, and stress. Additionally, understanding the car buying process can help you make informed decisions and avoid common mistakes.

### Topic 2: Types of Cars
There are several types of cars available in the market, including sedans, SUVs, trucks, vans, and sports cars. Each type of car has its unique features, advantages, and disadvantages. Understanding these differences can help you choose the right car for your needs.

### Topic 3: Factors to Consider When Choosing a Car
When choosing a car, there are several factors to consider. These include the car's price, fuel efficiency, safety features, comfort, and reliability. You should also consider the car's brand, model, and year to ensure that you are making an informed decision.

## Section 2: Researching Cars
In this section, we will discuss the importance of researching cars before making a purchase. We will also provide tips for researching cars and discuss where to find reliable information.

### Topic 4: Why Research Cars?
Researching cars is an essential part of the car buying process. It helps you understand the different types of cars available, their features, and their prices. By researching cars, you can make an informed decision and avoid common mistakes.

### Topic 5: Tips for Researching Cars
Here are some tips for researching cars:
- Set a budget and stick to it.
- Determine your needs and wants.
- Read reviews from experts and consumers.
- Compare similar models.
- Test drive the car.

### Topic 6: Where to Find Reliable Information
There are several sources of reliable information when researching cars. These include car dealerships, online car review websites, consumer reports, and automotive magazines. You should also consider talking to friends and family members who own cars.

## Section 3: Negotiating the Price
In this section, we will discuss the importance of negotiating the price of a car. We will also provide tips for negotiating the price and discuss common negotiation tactics.

### Topic 7: Why Negotiate the Price?
Negotiating the price of a car is an essential part of the car buying process. It helps you get the best deal possible and avoid overpaying for a car. By negotiating the price, you can save money and feel confident that you are making a wise investment.

### Topic 8: Tips for Negotiating the Price
Here are some tips for negotiating the price of a car:
- Be prepared to walk away if the dealer won't budge on the price.
- Don't be afraid to haggle.
- Know the car's market value.
- Don't reveal too much information about yourself.
- Take your time and don't rush into a decision.

### Topic 9: Common Negotiation Tactics
Dealers use several negotiation tactics to get you to pay more for a car. These include:
- High-pressure sales tactics.
- Playing on emotions.
- Making you feel guilty for negotiating.
- Offering extras that aren't included in the price.
- Using confusing language to confuse you.

Conclusion
In conclusion, car buying is an essential life skill that everyone should know. By following the tips and strategies outlined in this lesson, you can make an informed decision and avoid common mistakes. Remember to research cars, negotiate the price, and take your time when making a decision. With these skills, you can confidently navigate the car buying process and get the best deal possible.


text: Spacious villa, located in a residential area, with a privileged location and exceptional view over the bay of Funchal. It is served by a series of roads that assure a quick access to the city center, maintaining the privilege of being inserted in a quiet area, close to commerce and services. Has been constructed with high quality material and has unique features. It develops on three floors, with pleasant spaces, provided of great luminosity. The villa is composed by four bedrooms, being two of them, suites, dining room, living room, office and kitchen. On the lower floor there is a garage and a social lounge. The villa features large balconies and a spacious garden gifted with stunning views. It also has a cozy covered barbecue. This villa represents an excellent option for those who value a home where one can enjoy all the comfort, convenience and refinement.. 上市日期: 2018年12月8日. MLS ID: 111170199

textbook:
Lesson: Real Estate Investment Analysis

Introduction:
Real estate investment is a popular way to build wealth and secure financial freedom. In this lesson, we will learn how to analyze real estate investments and identify potential opportunities.

Section 1: Understanding Real Estate Investment
- Real estate investment refers to the purchase of property with the intention of generating income or capital gains.
- There are several types of real estate investments, including residential, commercial, industrial, and land.
- Real estate investors can earn income through rental income, appreciation, or both.

Section 2: Analyzing a Real Estate Investment Opportunity
- The first step in analyzing a real estate investment opportunity is to determine the property's value. This can be done by comparing similar properties in the area and considering factors such as location, size, and condition.
- Next, calculate the potential rental income by estimating the market rent for the property and assuming a certain occupancy rate.
- Calculate the expenses associated with owning the property, such as property taxes, insurance, maintenance, and management fees.
- Subtract the expenses from the potential rental income to determine the net operating income (NOI).
- Use a capitalization rate (cap rate) to estimate the property's value based on its NOI. The cap rate is calculated by dividing the NOI by the property's value.
- Finally, consider the potential for appreciation in the property's value over time.

Section 3: Applying the Analysis to a Real Estate Investment Opportunity
- Let's say you are considering purchasing a residential property listed at $500,000.
- After analyzing similar properties in the area, you estimate the property's value to be around $475,000.
- Assuming a 90% occupancy rate, you estimate the monthly rental income to be $2,500.
- Based on your research, you estimate the annual property taxes, insurance, maintenance, and management fees to be $10,000.
- Therefore, the NOI for the property would be $30,000 ($2,500 x 12 months x 0.9).
- Using a cap rate of 6%, the estimated property value would be $500,000 ($30,000 / 0.06).
- Considering the potential for appreciation in the property's value, you decide to move forward with the investment.

Conclusion:
By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can analyze a real estate investment opportunity and make an informed decision about whether to proceed with the investment. Remember to always do your research and consult with a professional before making any investment decisions.

Glossary:
- Cap rate: A measure of a property's potential return on investment, calculated by dividing the NOI by the property's value.
- NOI: Net operating income, which represents the income generated by a property after all expenses have been paid.


text:
News in Science

Future phones could measure your health

Dr Phone If researchers have their way, your smartphone could one day eliminate the time spent in doctors waiting rooms, and perhaps even tell you whether you have cancer.

A team of scientists at Korea Advanced Institute of Science of Technology (KAIST) write in a paper published in the German journal Angewandte Chemie, that touch screen technology can be used to detect biomolecular matter, much as is done in medical tests.

"It began from the idea that touch screens work by recognising the electronic signs from the touch of the finger, and so the presence of specific proteins and DNA should be recognizable as well," says Hyun-gyu Park, who with Byong-yeon Won led the study.

The touch screens on smartphones, PDAs or other electronic devices work by sensing the electronic charges from the user's body on the screen. Biochemicals such as proteins and DNA molecules also carry specific electronic charges.

According to KAIST, the team's experiments showed that touch screens can recognise the existence and the concentration of DNA molecules placed on them, a first step towards one day being able to use the screens to carry out medical tests.

"We have confirmed that (touch screens) are able to recognise DNA molecules with nearly 100 per cent accuracy just as large, conventional medical equipment can and we believe equal results are possible for proteins," says Park.

"There are proteins known in the medical world like the ones used to diagnose liver cancer, and we would be able to see the liver condition of the patient."

The research team add that it is currently developing a type of film with reactive materials that can identify specific biochemicals, hoping this will allow the touch screens to also recognise different biomolecular materials.

Testing bodily fluids

But confirming that the touch screen can recognise the biomolecular materials, though key, is only the first step.

Since nobody would put blood or urine on a touch screen, the sample would be placed on a strip, which would then be fed into the phone or a module attached to the phone through what Park called an 'entrance point'.

"The location and concentration of the sample would be recognised the same way the touch of the finger is recognised," he says.

There are no details yet on a prospective timetable for making the phone a diagnostic tool.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Measure Your Health with a Smartphone

Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn about the potential of smartphones to measure our health. We will explore how touch screen technology can be used to detect biomolecular matter, such as proteins and DNA, and how this could revolutionize the way we monitor our health.

Section 1: Understanding Biomolecular Detection

Question: What is biomolecular detection?
Answer: Biomolecular detection is the process of identifying and measuring the presence of specific molecules, such as proteins and DNA, in a sample.

Question: How does touch screen technology work?
Answer: Touch screens work by sensing the electronic charges from the user's body on the screen. This allows the device to recognize when a user is touching the screen and where.

Question: Can touch screens detect biomolecular matter?
Answer: Yes, touch screens can detect biomolecular matter by recognizing the electronic charges from specific proteins and DNA molecules.

Section 2: Applying Touch Screen Technology to Health Monitoring

Question: How could touch screens be used to monitor health?
Answer: Touch screens could be used to detect the presence and concentration of specific proteins and DNA molecules, which could indicate the presence of diseases or conditions such as cancer.

Question: What are some examples of how touch screens could be used to monitor health?
Answer: Some examples include using touch screens to test for allergens, monitor blood sugar levels, or detect viruses and bacteria.

Section 3: Future Possibilities for Smartphone Health Monitoring

Question: What are some potential future applications of smartphone health monitoring?
Answer: Some potential future applications include using smartphones to monitor heart rate, blood pressure, and other vital signs, as well as detecting environmental hazards such as air pollution.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the potential for smartphones to measure our health is an exciting area of research with many possibilities for the future. As technology advances, we may soon be able to use our smartphones to monitor our health in ways we never thought possible.

Glossary
- Biomolecular detection: The process of identifying and measuring the presence of specific molecules, such as proteins and DNA, in a sample.
- Touch screen technology: A type of display screen that detects the presence of specific proteins and DNA molecules by sensing the electronic charges from the user's body.
- Biomolecular matter: Matter composed of molecules such as proteins, DNA, and other large organic molecules.

[1] Hyun-gyu Park, Byong-yeon Won. "Biosensor Based on Touchscreen for Electrical Detection of DNA and Protein." Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 54, no. 41, 2015, pp. 11846-11849.


text: Hatcher MG50H MINILCD. MG50H is the smallest hatcher of static air series and usually coupled with incubators without internal hatching compartment (ex. MG100S) to implement a programmed weekly hatching cycle to reach the best hatching performance. This model consists of decimal digital temperature regulation and control thermometer in °F degrees and humidification is performed through proper heated basins..

textbook:
**Lesson: How to Hatch Eggs**

**Introduction**

Have you ever wondered how eggs hatch into chickens or other animals? It's a fascinating process that involves science, technology, and nature. In this lesson, we will learn about the hatching process and how to create the perfect environment for eggs to hatch.

**Section 1: Understanding the Hatching Process**

The hatching process begins when an egg is fertilized by sperm. As the egg develops, the embryo grows inside the shell. Eventually, the egg starts to produce a chemical called hatching enzyme, which helps break down the eggshell so that the chick can emerge. This process is called pipping, and it marks the beginning of the hatching process.

**Section 2: Creating the Perfect Environment for Hatching**

To ensure that your eggs hatch successfully, you need to create the perfect environment for them. This includes maintaining the right temperature and humidity levels. The ideal temperature for hatching is between 99-101°F (37-38°C), and the humidity should be around 50%. You can use a hatcher machine like the MG50H MINILCD to regulate the temperature and humidity levels.

**Section 3: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios**

Let's say you have a batch of eggs that you want to hatch. First, you would set up the MG50H MINILCD to maintain the ideal temperature and humidity levels. Then, you would place the eggs in the hatcher and monitor their progress over the next few weeks.

As the eggs develop, you may notice that some are taking longer to hatch than others. This is normal, as each egg may have a slightly different development rate. However, if you notice that some eggs are not developing at all, it may be due to issues with the temperature or humidity levels.

**Section 4: Self-Debating Discussions**

Why do you think it's important to maintain the right temperature and humidity levels when hatching eggs? What could happen if these levels were not maintained properly?

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, hatching eggs requires careful attention to detail and a thorough understanding of the scientific process involved. By creating the perfect environment for eggs to hatch, you can ensure that your chicks emerge healthy and strong. Remember to use a hatcher machine like the MG50H MINILCD to maintain the ideal temperature and humidity levels. With patience and care, you too can experience the joy of watching eggs hatch into new life.

**Glossary**

- Hatching enzyme: A chemical produced by the egg that helps break down the eggshell during hatching.
- Pipping: The process of breaking through the eggshell during hatching.
- Incubator: A device used to maintain the ideal temperature and humidity levels for hatching eggs.
- Hatching cycle: The process of eggs hatching into new life.


text: April 16, 2014. IRVING, Texas - Kansas junior forward Chelsea Gardner collected her first career Big 12 weekly honor on Monday afternoon as she was named the Phillips 66 Big 12 Women's Basketball Player of the Week.. Gardner becomes the first Jayhawk to earn the conference's weekly award in 2013-14 and first since Carolyn Davis was named league player of the week on Nov. 19, 2012.. In Kansas' win over Texas Southern and three-point loss to No. 18 Purdue, Gardner averaged 23.5 points and 7.5 rebounds. She was also perfect from the free throw line sinking all five attempts, while shooting 72.4 percent from the field (21-of-29).. Gardner started the week scoring a career-high 30 points against TSU (12/12) behind 13-of-16 shooting from the field, including two three-point plays. In addition, she led the team with eight rebounds. Against Purdue (12/15), Gardner recorded a team-high 17 points and swatted away a team-best three blocks. She also grabbed seven boards, which was second-most for a KU player that game.

textbook:
Lesson: Perseverance and Hard Work Pay Off

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of perseverance and hard work in achieving our goals. We will explore how Chelsea Gardner, a college basketball player, worked hard and never gave up on her dreams, even when faced with challenges.

Section 1: The Importance of Perseverance and Hard Work

Topic: Introduction to the importance of perseverance and hard work

Question: Why is it important to work hard and never give up on our goals?
Answer: Working hard and never giving up on our goals is important because it helps us achieve success and reach our full potential. It also teaches us to overcome obstacles and challenges that come our way.

Topic: Examples of people who achieved success through perseverance and hard work

Question: Can you give an example of someone who achieved success through perseverance and hard work?
Answer: Chelsea Gardner, a college basketball player, worked hard and never gave up on her dreams, even when faced with challenges. She practiced every day and improved her skills, which helped her become the first Jayhawk to earn the conference's weekly award in 2013-14.

Section 2: Chelsea Gardner's Journey to Success

Topic: Introduction to Chelsea Gardner's journey to success

Question: Who is Chelsea Gardner and what did she achieve?
Answer: Chelsea Gardner is a college basketball player who played for the University of Kansas. She became the first Jayhawk to earn the conference's weekly award in 2013-14 and was named the Phillips 66 Big 12 Women's Basketball Player of the Week.

Topic: Chelsea Gardner's achievements

Question: What were some of Chelsea Gardner's achievements?
Answer: Some of Chelsea Gardner's achievements include being named the Phillips 66 Big 12 Women's Basketball Player of the Week and becoming the first Jayhawk to earn the conference's weekly award in 2013-14.

Topic: Chelsea Gardner's journey to success

Question: How did Chelsea Gardner achieve success?
Answer: Chelsea Gardner achieved success through hard work and perseverance. She practiced every day and improved her skills, which helped her become the first Jayhawk to earn the conference's weekly award in 2013-14.

Section 3: Applying the Concepts to Our Own Lives

Topic: Introduction to applying the concepts to our own lives

Question: How can we apply the concepts of perseverance and hard work to our own lives?
Answer: We can apply the concepts of perseverance and hard work to our own lives by setting goals and working towards them every day. We should also never give up on our dreams, even when faced with challenges.

Topic: Examples of applying the concepts to our own lives

Question: Can you give an example of how we can apply the concepts of perseverance and hard work to our own lives?
Answer: An example of applying the concepts of perseverance and hard work to our own lives is studying for exams. We should study every day and never give up, even when faced with difficult topics. This will help us achieve success in our academic pursuits.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, we have learned about the importance of perseverance and hard work in achieving our goals. We explored how Chelsea Gardner, a college basketball player, worked hard and never gave up on her dreams, even when faced with challenges. We also applied the concepts to our own lives by setting goals and working towards them every day. By following these principles, we can achieve success and reach our full potential.


text: Definition of dorsiflexor in English:. dorsiflexor. nounAnatomy. A muscle whose contraction dorsiflexes the hand or foot.. Example sentences. - Manual muscle testing is the averaging of major muscle groups (upper limb shoulder abductors, elbow flexors, wrist extensors and lower limb hip flexors, quadriceps, and ankle dorsiflexors).. - Strength of bilateral hip flexors, knee extensors and ankle dorsiflexors was measured.. - Weakness of the expiratory muscles and ankle dorsiflexors was equivalent, suggesting that these muscle groups are vulnerable to some factor that does not affect the diaphragm.. For editors and proofreaders. Line breaks: dorsi|flex¦or. Definition of dorsiflexor in:. What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?. Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.. = trending

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Muscles and their Functions

## Introduction

Muscles are essential components of the human body that help us perform various activities. In this lesson, we will learn about different types of muscles, their functions, and how they work together to keep our body moving.

## Section 1: Types of Muscles

There are three types of muscles in the human body: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.

1. Skeletal muscles: These muscles are attached to bones by tendons and are responsible for body movement. They are also known as striated muscles because of their striped appearance under a microscope.

2. Smooth muscles: These muscles are found in the walls of internal organs such as the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels. They help in moving food through the digestive system and regulating blood flow.

3. Cardiac muscles: These muscles are found only in the heart and are responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.

## Section 2: How Muscles Work Together

All three types of muscles work together to keep the body functioning properly. For example, when you walk, your skeletal muscles in your legs contract and relax to move your bones, while your heart's cardiac muscles pump blood to provide oxygen and nutrients to your muscles. At the same time, your smooth muscles in your digestive system contract to move food through your stomach and intestines.

## Section 3: Muscle Functions

Each type of muscle has specific functions:

1. Skeletal muscles: These muscles help in body movement, maintaining posture, and generating heat.

2. Smooth muscles: These muscles help in moving food through the digestive system, regulating blood flow, and controlling the size of the pupil in the eye.

3. Cardiac muscles: These muscles help in pumping blood throughout the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients to all cells.

## Conclusion

In summary, muscles are essential for body movement, digestion, and circulation. There are three types of muscles: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Each type has specific functions, and all work together to keep the body functioning properly. By understanding how muscles work, we can appreciate their importance and take care of them to maintain a healthy lifestyle.

## Glossary

- Skeletal muscle: A muscle that is attached to bones by tendons and is responsible for body movement.
- Smooth muscle: A type of muscle found in the walls of internal organs such as the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels.
- Cardiac muscle: A type of muscle found only in the heart that is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.
- Tendon: A fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones.
- Striated: Having a banded or striped appearance due to the arrangement of muscle fibers.
- Contract: To become shorter and thicker, pulling the ends of a muscle closer together.
- Relax: To return to a normal state after contraction, allowing the muscle to lengthen and widen.
- Posture: The position of the body when standing, sitting, or lying down.
- Pupil: The black, circular opening in the center of the iris that controls the amount of light entering the eye.


text:
[Structural activity relationship approaches for assessing genotoxicity].
The focus of the latest legislative and governmental efforts is to establish simple screening tools for identifying those chemicals most likely to cause adverse effects without experimental testing of all chemicals of regulatory concern. The use of structure-activity relationship (SAR) models is a powerful in silico technique that should be considered for prioritizing chemicals for subsequent experimental verification. Because carcinogenicity and genotoxicity are among the toxicological endpoints that pose the highest concern for human health, efforts in SAR models for them have been much more pronounced than for any of the other human health end points. This review paper overviews the historical background of SAR models for predicting carcinogenicity and genotoxicity, the current status of capacity and usefulness of some in vitro genotoxicity SAR models, and their perspective.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Structural Activity Relationship Approaches for Assessing Genotoxicity

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about Structural Activity Relationship (SAR) models and their application in assessing genotoxicity. Genotoxicity refers to the ability of a substance to damage the genetic material (DNA) within cells, which can lead to mutations and cancer. As a result, understanding and predicting genotoxicity is crucial for ensuring public health and safety.

Section 1: What are SAR Models?
SAR models are mathematical models that describe the relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological activity. In the context of genotoxicity, these models help predict whether a compound is likely to cause damage to DNA based on its molecular structure.

Section 2: Historical Background and Current Status of SAR Models for Predicting Carcinogenicity and Genotoxicity
The first SAR models were developed in the 1960s and 1970s to predict the carcinogenicity of chemicals. Since then, there has been significant progress in developing and refining these models, particularly for genotoxicity. While there are several types of SAR models, the most common ones are quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models and read-across models.

QSAR models use multiple regression analysis to relate the molecular structure of a compound to its biological activity. Read-across models, on the other hand, rely on the comparison of the biological activities of structurally similar compounds to predict the activity of a new compound.

Section 3: Applying SAR Models for Assessing Genotoxicity
To apply SAR models for assessing genotoxicity, one must first identify the key structural features that are associated with genotoxic activity. These features may include the presence of specific functional groups or the size and shape of certain molecular subunits. Once these features are identified, they can be used as input variables in a QSAR model or as the basis for read-across comparisons.

Section 4: Examples and Practical Applications
One example of a SAR model for genotoxicity is the Ames test, which measures the ability of a compound to cause mutations in bacteria. The results of the Ames test can be used to develop QSAR models that predict the genotoxicity of other compounds based on their molecular structure. Another example is the use of read-across models to predict the genotoxicity of pesticides based on their structural similarity to known genotoxic compounds.

Conclusion:
In summary, SAR models are valuable tools for predicting genotoxicity based on molecular structure. By understanding the key structural features associated with genotoxic activity and using these features as input variables in QSAR models or as the basis for read-across comparisons, chemists can predict the potential for DNA damage and inform public health and safety decisions.

Glossary:
- Structural Activity Relationship (SAR): A mathematical model that describes the relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological activity.
- Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR): A type of SAR model that uses multiple regression analysis to relate molecular structure to biological activity.
- Read-Across: A type of SAR model that relies on the comparison of the biological activities of structurally similar compounds to predict the activity of a new compound.
- Genotoxicity: The ability of a substance to damage the genetic material (DNA) within cells, leading to mutations and cancer.