text:
Mammalian foetal ovarian development: consequences for health and disease.
The development of a normal ovary during foetal life is essential for the production and ovulation of a high-quality oocyte in adult life. Early in embryogenesis, the primordial germ cells (PGCs) migrate to and colonise the genital ridges. Once the PGCs reach the bipotential gonad, the absence of the sex-determining region on the Y chromosome (SRY) gene and the presence of female-specific genes ensure that the indifferent gonad takes the female pathway and an ovary forms. PGCs enter into meiosis, transform into oogonia and ultimately give rise to oocytes that are later surrounded by granulosa cells to form primordial follicles. Various genes and signals are implicated in germ and somatic cell development, leading to successful follicle formation and normal ovarian development. This review focuses on the differentiation events, cellular processes and molecular mechanisms essential for foetal ovarian development in the mice and humans. A better understanding of these early cellular and morphological events will facilitate further study into the regulation of oocyte development, manifestation of ovarian disease and basis of female infertility.

textbook:
Lesson: Mammalian Foetal Ovarian Development
Introduction:
Ovarian development is a crucial process that begins during foetal life and continues until adulthood. It is essential for the production and ovulation of high-quality oocytes. In this lesson, we will explore the stages of mammalian foetal ovarian development, the consequences of abnormal development, and the potential applications of understanding this process.
Section 1: Stages of Mammalian Foetal Ovarian Development
- Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs) migration to the genital ridges
- Colonization of the bipotential gonad
- Absence of the SRY gene and presence of female-specific genes
- Indifferent gonad takes the female pathway and an ovary forms
- PGCs enter meiosis and transform into oogonia
- Oocytes are formed and surrounded by granulosa cells to form primordial follicles
- Various genes and signals are involved in germ and somatic cell development
- Successful follicle formation and normal ovarian development
Section 2: Consequences of Abnormal Foetal Ovarian Development
- Potential for ovarian dysgenesis syndrome
- Infertility
- Increased risk of ovarian cancer
- Premature ovarian failure
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Section 3: Applications of Understanding Mammalian Foetal Ovarian Development
- Oocyte development and quality
- Ovarian disease diagnosis and treatment
- Assisted reproductive technologies (ART)
- Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)
Conclusion:
Understanding the stages of mammalian foetal ovarian development and the consequences of abnormal development is essential for improving women's health. By studying this process, we can develop better diagnostic tools and treatments for ovarian diseases, improve fertility outcomes through ART, and enhance our understanding of oocyte development and quality.
Glossary:
- Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs): cells that give rise to the gametes (sperm and egg cells)
- Gonad: a type of organ that produces gametes
- Ovary: a female reproductive organ that produces eggs
- Oocyte: a female reproductive cell
- Granulosa cells: cells that surround the oocyte and produce hormones
- Meiosis: a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half
- Oogenesis: the process of egg cell formation
- Follicle: a structure in the ovary that contains the oocyte and granulosa cells


text: NEW YORK (MarketWatch) -- Yahoo Inc. YHOO, +1.08% said Monday it reached an agreement with shareholder Carl Icahn to settle the pending proxy contest related to the upcoming shareholders meeting. Under the terms of the deal, eight members of Yahoo's current board Icahn, and the termination of the proxy contest, Yahoo said Robert Kotick has decided not to stand for re-election to the board at the 2008 annual meeting. After the annual meeting, the Yahoo board will be expanded to 11 members. Icahn will be appointed to the board and the remaining two seats will be filled by the board upon the recommendation of its nominating and governance committee. In addition, Icahn, who owns about 5% on Yahoo common shares, agreed to withdraw his nominees for consideration at the annual meeting and to vote his Yahoo shares in support of the board's nominees.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Financial News Analysis

**Objective:** To teach students how to read and analyze financial news articles to make informed investment decisions.

**Overview:** Financial news articles provide valuable information about companies, industries, and the overall economy. By learning how to read and analyze these articles, students can gain insights into potential investment opportunities or risks. In this lesson, we will focus on reading and analyzing a financial news article about Yahoo Inc. and Carl Icahn.

**Section 1: Reading and Analyzing Financial News Articles**

**Topic:** Understanding the Structure of a Financial News Article

**Activity:** Read the following financial news article about Yahoo Inc. and Carl Icahn and answer the following questions:

1. Who are the main parties involved in this story?
2. What is the main event that happened?
3. What are the key terms used in the article?
4. What is the overall tone of the article?

**Glossary:**
- Proxy Contest: A situation in which a group of shareholders tries to replace the existing board of directors of a company.
- Annual Meeting: A yearly gathering of shareholders to elect new directors and vote on other important matters.

**Section 2: Analyzing Financial News Articles**

**Topic:** Analyzing Financial News Articles for Investment Opportunities

**Activity:** Use the following questions to guide your analysis of the Yahoo Inc. and Carl Icahn article:

1. What are the main events that led to this announcement?
2. What are the key terms used in the article?
3. What is the overall tone of the article?
4. How does this announcement affect Yahoo Inc.'s shareholders and potential investors?
5. Are there any potential investment opportunities or risks associated with this announcement?

**Glossary:**
- Shareholder: A person or institution that owns shares in a company.
- Board of Directors: A group of individuals elected by shareholders to manage a company.

**Section 3: Applying Financial News Analysis Skills**

**Topic:** Applying Financial News Analysis Skills to Real-World Investment Scenarios

**Activity:** Using the information you learned from analyzing the Yahoo Inc. and Carl Icahn article, answer the following questions:

1. How might this announcement affect Yahoo Inc.'s stock price?
2. What factors should investors consider when deciding whether to buy or sell Yahoo Inc. stock?
3. Are there any potential risks or opportunities associated with investing in Yahoo Inc. at this time?

**Conclusion:** By learning how to read and analyze financial news articles, students can gain valuable insights into potential investment opportunities or risks. By applying these skills to real-world scenarios, students can make informed investment decisions based on accurate and up-to-date information.


text:
Q:

Why can hackers get in network using tunneling?

I can't hack but I like to read about it. From my readings (securityfocus, exploit-db, owasp, etc...) it appears that hackers can actually get in a network using tunneling ; I'm not from a network background but tunnelling is mostly for VPN right ? (Yes !)
What I mean is writen here at offensive security OSCP on the right (bullet point number 6)
So that would mean that even a firewall can't block them. How is that possible ? Is that the reason why when they find a new exploit on a software they can just get in the network and from there have fun exploiting the zero day ?

A:

Tunnelling to bypass firewall filtering means that an attacker uses a "trusted" protocol in order to exfiltrate data from the victim machine.
For example, an attacker can inject exfiltrated data into a lookup DNS requests sent to a fake dns server controlled by him.
Victim machine--->DNS REQUEST--->FIREWALL--->Attacker FAKE DNS Server
You can reach the same goal with different protocols, think about maleware with a gmail account as C&C.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson:

Title: Tunneling in Network Security

Introduction:
Tunneling is a technique used by hackers to bypass network security measures such as firewalls. In this lesson, we will learn about tunneling, its applications, and how it works.

Section 1: What is Tunneling?
Tunneling is a technique used by hackers to create a secure connection between two devices over an unsecured network. It involves encapsulating data packets inside other data packets to make them appear as something else. This way, the data packets can bypass network security measures such as firewalls.

Section 2: Applications of Tunneling
Tunneling has several applications in network security. Some of them are:
- Bypassing firewalls: Tunneling can be used to bypass firewalls by encapsulating data packets inside other data packets that are allowed by the firewall.
- Hiding malicious traffic: Tunneling can be used to hide malicious traffic by encapsulating it inside legitimate traffic.
- Exfiltrating data: Tunneling can be used to exfiltrate data from a victim's machine by encapsulating it inside benign traffic.

Section 3: How does Tunneling work?
Tunneling works by encapsulating data packets inside other data packets. This is done by modifying the packet headers of the data packets. The modified data packets are then sent over the network. When the data packets reach their destination, they are decapsulated, and the original data is extracted.

Section 4: Example of Tunneling
Let's consider an example where an attacker wants to exfiltrate data from a victim's machine. The attacker can use tunneling to bypass the firewall.

Victim machine ---> DNS REQUEST ---> FIREWALL ---> Attacker FAKE DNS Server

In this scenario, the attacker sends a DNS request to a fake DNS server that he controls. The DNS request contains the exfiltrated data. The fake DNS server responds to the DNS request and sends the data to the attacker's machine. Since the attacker is using a trusted protocol (DNS), the firewall doesn't block the data packets, and the attacker can successfully exfiltrate the data from the victim's machine.

Conclusion:
Tunneling is a powerful technique used by hackers to bypass network security measures such as firewalls. By encapsulating data packets inside other data packets, hackers can hide malicious traffic and exfiltrate data from a victim's machine. Understanding tunneling and its applications is crucial for anyone interested in network security.

Glossary:
- Encapsulation: The process of adding data to a data packet without changing its contents.
- Decapsulation: The process of removing data from a data packet without changing its contents.
- Firewall: A network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.


text:
Mail-in appliance rebates are available on many of the appliances. AJ Madison brings you every option to save. While some are manufacturer rebates, others are exclusive AJ Madison rebates & will only apply on AJ Madison purchases

To make things easier for you, you can also find a rebate by choosing the type
of appliance you purchased from the list of product categories or manufacturers.

All you need to do is find the rebate(s) for your product, print the form(s), and
follow any instructions along the way.

textbook:
## Lesson: Understanding Mail-in Appliance Rebates

### Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about mail-in appliance rebates and how they work. We will cover the following topics:

1. What are mail-in appliance rebates?
2. How do mail-in appliance rebates work?
3. Types of rebates
4. How to find rebates
5. How to apply for rebates
6. Importance of rebates

### What are mail-in appliance rebates?
Mail-in appliance rebates are discounts or incentives offered by manufacturers or retailers to encourage customers to purchase their products. These rebates are usually given in the form of a check or prepaid card after the customer has made a purchase and submitted proof of purchase to the manufacturer or retailer.

### How do mail-in appliance rebates work?
To get a mail-in rebate, you must first purchase an eligible appliance from a participating retailer. Once you have made the purchase, you will need to fill out a rebate form and submit it along with proof of purchase, such as a receipt or invoice. The rebate amount will then be sent to you via mail or electronic payment method.

### Types of rebates
There are two types of rebates: manufacturer rebates and retailer rebates. Manufacturer rebates are offered directly by the manufacturer of the appliance, while retailer rebates are offered by the retailer selling the appliance.

### How to find rebates
To find rebates, you can visit the website of the manufacturer or retailer selling the appliance. You can also search online for "appliance rebates" to find websites that list current rebates being offered by different manufacturers and retailers.

### How to apply for rebates
To apply for a rebate, you will need to fill out a rebate form and submit it along with proof of purchase. The form will ask for information such as your name, address, and the model number of the appliance you purchased. You may also be required to provide a copy of your receipt or invoice as proof of purchase.

### Importance of rebates
Rebates are important because they can help customers save money on purchases they were already planning to make. By offering rebates, manufacturers and retailers can incentivize customers to choose their products over those of their competitors. Additionally, rebates can help customers afford higher-priced items that they may not have been able to purchase otherwise.

### Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about mail-in appliance rebates and how they work. We covered the basics of what rebates are, how they work, and how to find and apply for them. By understanding the importance of rebates, customers can make informed decisions when purchasing appliances and take advantage of any available rebates to save money.


text: DEMENTIA. - Rs195.00. About This Book. Dementia remains one of the most devastating illnesses that afflict humanity. Taking care of a family member with dementia is a tiringly difficult and painfully unappreciated service. In this book the author, Dr Dhananjay Chavan who is a Geriatric Psychiatrist, gives important information about dementia and practical tips to cope with the ravages of the disease. This is a book for anyone whose family member has dementia as well as for anyone who knows a dementia patient or cares for one.. Book Details. Expected Delivery: 7-8 Days. Need assistance? Contact Us now

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Dementia

Introduction:
Dementia is a group of symptoms affecting memory, thinking, and social abilities. It is caused by brain damage or diseases that affect the brain's nerve cells. This lesson will provide an overview of dementia, its causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

Section 1: What is Dementia?
Dementia is a decline in mental ability that affects a person's daily life. It is not a specific disease but rather a group of symptoms that can be caused by various diseases or conditions. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, but other diseases like stroke, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease can also lead to dementia.

Section 2: Symptoms of Dementia
The symptoms of dementia vary depending on the cause and stage of the condition. Common symptoms include memory loss, difficulty concentrating, and problem-solving. Other symptoms may include disorientation, mood changes, and difficulty with language.

Section 3: Causes of Dementia
Dementia can be caused by various diseases or conditions that affect the brain. The most common cause is Alzheimer's disease, which damages nerve cells and leads to the death of brain cells. Other causes include stroke, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease.

Section 4: Treatment Options
There is no cure for dementia, but there are treatments that can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. These treatments may include medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes. It is essential to work with a healthcare provider to determine the best treatment plan for each individual.

Section 5: Conclusion
Understanding dementia and its causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for anyone affected by the condition. This lesson has provided an overview of dementia and its impact on daily life. By arming yourself with knowledge and working closely with healthcare providers, you can better manage dementia and improve your overall well-being.

Glossary:
- Dementia: A decline in mental ability that affects a person's daily life.
- Nerve cells: Cells in the brain that transmit information and signals.
- Alzheimer's disease: A disease that causes the death of brain cells and is the most common cause of dementia.
- Stroke: A condition that occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted.
- Parkinson's disease: A disease that affects movement and can lead to dementia.
- Huntington's disease: A genetic disorder that causes the progressive breakdown of nerve cells.

Conclusion:
This lesson has provided an overview of dementia, its causes, symptoms, and treatment options. By understanding dementia and its impact on daily life, you can better manage the condition and improve your overall well-being.


text: - Description. Details* About the product SIYASHOP Anna Suspenders Pant is a steady high demand pant. This suspender pant provides a comfort fit. It allows you to stay active with its comfort fit. It is recommended for people who worried about their legs because they don’t look pretty. The pants are available in free size, such that sizes M to XL can wear it. The size is measured by measuring one side of the clothing. And the length can vary by 1~3cm depending on the measurement. * Special Features Comfortable Fit Allows you to stay active Available in free size High Thickness Not a see-through type Poly mix fabric * Specifications SIYASHOP Anna Suspenders Pants Washing tip- Hand washed Elasticity-Moderate See-through-None Lining-None Shoulder-39cm Bust-44cm Hem-32cm Hip-49cm Length-129cm Size- Available in free size (M to XL). - Reviews

textbook:
Title: How to Measure Clothing Size Accurately

## Lesson Outline

1. Introduction
2. Why is accurate clothing size measurement important?
3. How to measure clothing size accurately?
4. Common mistakes to avoid when measuring clothing size
5. Conclusion

## Glossary

- Clothing size: A numerical value assigned to a garment to indicate its fit and size.
- Measurement tape: A flexible ruler used to measure the dimensions of an object.
- Chest: The part of the body between the neck and the waist, where the heart and lungs are located.
- Waist: The part of the body between the chest and the hips, where the trunk narrows.
- Hip: The part of the body below the waist, where the pelvic girdle is located.
- Length: The distance from the top of the head to the bottom of the feet, measured along a straight line.
- Hem: The lower edge of a garment.

## Lesson

1. Introduction

Clothing size is an essential factor to consider when buying clothes. Accurate measurement of clothing size helps you to buy the right fit, avoid returning clothes that do not fit well, and save money. In this lesson, we will learn how to measure clothing size accurately using a measurement tape.

2. Why is accurate clothing size measurement important?

Accurate clothing size measurement is crucial for several reasons:

- To ensure that the garment fits well and comfortably without being too tight or too loose.
- To avoid returning clothes that do not fit well, which can be time-consuming and frustrating.
- To save money by buying clothes that fit perfectly without having to spend extra money on alterations.
- To ensure that the garment looks good and enhances your appearance.

3. How to measure clothing size accurately?

Here are the steps to measure clothing size accurately:

Step 1: Choose a quiet and comfortable place to measure. Make sure there is enough light to see clearly.
Step 2: Lay a measuring tape on a flat surface, ensuring that it is straight and not twisted.
Step 3: Dress in undergarments that you feel comfortable in, as outer garments can affect the measurements.
Step 4: Use the measuring tape to measure the chest, waist, and hip circumferences. Start at the center of the back of the neck, just below the collarbone, and wrap the tape around the fullest part of the chest, keeping it parallel to the ground. Record the measurement.
Step 5: Measure the waist circumference, starting at the highest point of the hip bones, and wrap the tape around the natural waistline, where the trunk narrows. Record the measurement.
Step 6: Measure the hip circumference, starting at the top of the hip bones, and wrap the tape around the fullest part of the hip. Record the measurement.
Step 7: Measure the length of the garment, starting from the top of the head to the bottom of the feet, along a straight line. Record the measurement.
Step 8: Compare the measurements with the size chart provided by the manufacturer to determine the correct size.

4. Common mistakes to avoid when measuring clothing size

- Not dressing in undergarments: Outer garments can affect the measurements, so it is essential to wear undergarments that you feel comfortable in.
- Not using a measuring tape: Using a measuring tape ensures accurate measurements, so it is crucial to use one.
- Not taking multiple measurements: Taking multiple measurements helps to get an average reading, which can help to avoid errors.
- Not using a flat surface: Using a flat surface ensures accurate measurements, so it is crucial to lay the measuring tape on a flat surface.
- Not following the manufacturer's size chart: Comparing the measurements with the size chart provided by the manufacturer helps to determine the correct size.

5. Conclusion

In conclusion, accurate clothing size measurement is essential to ensure that the garment fits well and comfortably, avoid returning clothes that do not fit well, save money by buying clothes that fit perfectly without having to spend extra money on alterations, and ensure that the garment looks good and enhances your appearance. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can measure clothing size accurately and make informed decisions when buying clothes.


text: Event Registration. 2013 AIAG Member Golf Outing. REGISTRATION CLOSED!. Enjoy a day of golf while networking with your peers at the AIAG Member Golf Outing on June 19, 2013 at The Inn at St. John's. Golfers of all skill levels are welcome to participate in this annual golf scramble.. The day will begin with registration and continental breakfast beginning at 7:30am. At 8:30am a shotgun start will signal the beginning of golf where participants will enjoy 18 holes of play. Lunch will be provided at the turn. After golf, participants are invited to enjoy dinner during which awards will be given to the top 3 foursomes.. This is a members only event. Non-members must be invited by an AIAG member to participate.. REGISTRATION FOR THIS EVENT IS NOT AVAILABLE ONLINE.. To register and/or sponsor click HERE. The Inn At St. John's. 44045 Five Mile Rd.. Plymouth, MI 48170. Wednesday, June 19, 2013. Program begins:. Program ends:. Event Contact: events@aiag.org

textbook:
Lesson: Event Registration
Introduction:
Event registration is the process of signing up for an event or activity. It is an essential part of organizing and managing events. In this lesson, we will learn about the steps involved in event registration, the importance of event registration, and some tips for successful event registration.
Section 1: Steps Involved in Event Registration
1. Planning and preparation
2. Setting up an event website or registration platform
3. Creating a registration form
4. Collecting payment (if applicable)
5. Managing registrations and communicating with participants
6. On-site check-in and management
7. Follow-up and evaluation
Section 2: Importance of Event Registration
1. Helps in planning and organization
2. Provides a way to track attendance and manage capacity
3. Helps in marketing and promotion
4. Provides valuable data and insights
5. Helps in managing finances and budget
Section 3: Tips for Successful Event Registration
1. Make the registration process simple and easy
2. Offer multiple registration options (e.g., early bird, regular, last-minute)
3. Provide clear and concise information about the event
4. Offer incentives for early registration (e.g., discounts, freebies)
5. Use social media and email marketing to promote the event and encourage registration
6. Provide excellent customer service and support throughout the registration process
Conclusion:
Event registration is a crucial aspect of event management. By following the steps involved in event registration and considering the importance of event registration, you can ensure a successful event. Remember to make the registration process simple and easy, offer incentives for early registration, and provide excellent customer service and support. With these tips, you can create a positive and memorable experience for your participants.
Glossary:
- Event: A planned occasion or activity
- Registration: The process of signing up for an event or activity
- Capacity: The maximum number of participants that can be accommodated in a particular event or venue
- Marketing: The activity and process of creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, and society at large.


text: Falcon 1.4M100 HG. Производитель. Категория. Описание. Dalsa Falcon 1.4M100 HG Teledyne DALSA’s new Falcon 1.4M100 HG CMOS. Part of the Falcon HG series, the 1.4M100 HG is optimized for high sensitivity. Fully programmable, via base mini-Camera Link, the camera incorporates exposure control, the need for a separate power cable and simplifying cabling and system integration. Delivered in a robust, compact body, this camera should be your definitive choice for area based systems.. Доставка: 3 недели 0 шт.. В наличии 0 шт.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Image Sensors

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Image sensors are devices that convert light signals into electrical signals. They are widely used in cameras, medical imaging, and security systems. There are two main types of image sensors: CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) and CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor). In this lesson, we will focus on CMOS image sensors.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

CMOS image sensors are made up of millions of tiny photodiodes that convert light into electrical signals. These photodiodes are arranged in a Bayer pattern, which consists of alternating red and blue pixels. Each pixel collects light and measures its intensity, which is then converted into a digital signal. This signal is processed by the camera's processor to create an image.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

CMOS image sensors are used in many applications, including photography, video recording, and security systems. In photography, CMOS sensors are used to capture images and store them as digital files. In video recording, CMOS sensors are used to capture moving images and store them as video files. In security systems, CMOS sensors are used to detect motion and record video footage.

## Glossary
- CCD: Charge-Coupled Device
- CMOS: Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor
- Photodiode: A semiconductor device that converts light into electrical signals
- Bayer pattern: A color filter array used in image sensors to create color images
- Digital signal: A signal that is represented by a series of digits, usually binary numbers (0 or 1)

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about CMOS image sensors and how they work. We covered the theoretical concepts, practical examples, and real-world scenarios of these sensors. By understanding how CMOS image sensors work, we can apply this knowledge to other areas of science and technology.


text: Honeycomb panels with one layer of hexagonally shaped cells sandwiched between backing sheets are known. One use is as side protection/impact force absorbing elements in the doors of vehicles. These panels are e.g. made of paper which provides a cheap, simple and light construction. The problem is to achieve a door construction which on one hand can absorb a high proportion of the energy released in a collision and, on the other hand, does not add too much weight and cost to the vehicle. The known honeycomb panels do not have sufficient impact absorbing capacity for this use neither can their impact absorbing capacity be varied.

textbook:
Lesson: Honeycomb Panels - Impact Force Absorbing Elements in Vehicle Doors

## Section 1: Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn about honeycomb panels and their use as impact force absorbing elements in vehicle doors. We will cover the following topics:

- What are honeycomb panels?
- Why are honeycomb panels used in vehicle doors?
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of using honeycomb panels in vehicle doors?

## Section 2: What are honeycomb panels?

Honeycomb panels are a type of material that consists of one layer of hexagonally shaped cells sandwiched between two backing sheets. The cells are usually made of paper, but they can also be made of other materials such as plastic or metal.

## Section 3: Why are honeycomb panels used in vehicle doors?

Honeycomb panels are used in vehicle doors because they provide a cheap, simple, and lightweight construction that can absorb a high proportion of the energy released in a collision. This helps protect the occupants of the vehicle and reduces the risk of injury in the event of an accident.

## Section 4: Advantages and Disadvantages of using honeycomb panels in vehicle doors

Advantages:
- Lightweight construction
- Cheap to produce
- Can absorb a high proportion of the energy released in a collision
- Reduces the risk of injury to vehicle occupants

Disadvantages:
- Limited impact absorbing capacity
- Cannot vary the impact absorbing capacity
- May not be strong enough to withstand severe collisions

## Section 5: Practical Examples

Let's consider a scenario where a vehicle is involved in a collision at a low speed. In this case, the honeycomb panel would effectively absorb the impact and protect the occupants inside the vehicle. However, if the vehicle were to collide at a high speed, the honeycomb panel may not be strong enough to withstand the impact and protect the occupants.

## Section 6: Conclusion

In conclusion, honeycomb panels are a useful material for impact force absorption in vehicle doors. They provide a lightweight and cost-effective solution that can absorb a high proportion of the energy released in a collision. However, there are limitations to their impact absorbing capacity, and they may not be strong enough to withstand severe collisions. By understanding these advantages and disadvantages, engineers can make informed decisions about the use of honeycomb panels in vehicle doors and ensure the safety of vehicle occupants.


text: . Prince Harry and Meghan Markle have requested a summit with the monarch to have a christening for their daughter at Windsor Castle.. Prince Harry and Chelsy Davy reportedly broke up after seven years due to Prince William and Kate’s extravagant wedding.. The Royal Family’s website has just been updated to include the Sussexes’ second child, Lilibet Diana, who is eighth in line to the throne... A source close to the royal family revealed that it is likely that Prince Harry will return to the UK for Prince Philip’s funeral.. British socialite and author Lady Colin Campbell believes she knows which royal family member had concerns over Archie’s skin colour.. Prince Harry and Meghan Markle’s chief of staff is stepping down after only a year of working for the couple.. Prince William has said that the British royals are ‘not a racist family’ following Prince Harry and Meghan Markle’s bombshell Oprah interview.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to the British Royal Family

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
The British Royal Family is a constitutional monarchy that has been in existence for centuries. It is made up of Queen Elizabeth II, her husband Prince Philip, and their four children: Prince Charles, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew, and Prince Edward. The Royal Family also includes numerous grandchildren and great-grandchildren. The Queen is the head of state of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries. She is also the head of the Church of England.

### Section 2: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios
The Royal Family is known for their public appearances and ceremonial duties. They attend events such as the Trooping the Color parade, the Garter Ceremony, and the Royal Ascot. They also travel around the world on official visits. In recent years, the Royal Family has faced some controversies, including the exit of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle from their roles as senior members of the Royal Family.

### Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions
1. Why do you think the Royal Family is still relevant in today's society?
2. How do you think the Royal Family can adapt to changing times and remain relevant?
3. Do you think the Royal Family should continue to have a role in government or should they focus solely on ceremonial duties?

### Glossary
- Constitutional Monarchy: A form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a constitution.
- Trooping the Color: An annual ceremony performed by the British Army to celebrate the Queen's Official Birthday.
- Garter Ceremony: A ceremony held at Windsor Castle to knight new members into the Order of the Garter.
- Royal Ascot: A horse race meeting held annually at Ascot, Berkshire, England.

### Conclusion
The British Royal Family is a fascinating institution that has survived for centuries. By studying the Royal Family, we can learn about the history of the United Kingdom and the role of the monarchy in modern society. We can also engage in critical thinking and debate about the future of the Royal Family and their relevance in today's world.


text: With the growth of social media like Facebook and Twitter, everyone is getting connected and at a younger and younger age.. How do you protect your children when they participate; not just from predators but from bad decisions that can impact their lives for years to come?. On Tuesday, March 18 national presenter and attorney Charles Leitch will be at Frank Wagner Elementary School, 115 Dickinson St. in Monroe, at 7 p.m. to share with families his presentation focusing on:. • approaching the use of technology with our young people;. • understanding the current risks they face including cyberbullying; and. • empowering adults in an age when young people seem to understand technology better than adults.. Admission is free. Childcare for toddlers/school-age children and refreshments will be provided. This evening is co-sponsored by Monroe Public Schools and the Monroe Public Schools Foundation.

textbook:
Lesson: Digital Citizenship and Online Safety

Introduction:
In today's digital age, it is essential for children and teenagers to learn about digital citizenship and online safety. With the rise of social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter, children are exposed to the online world at a younger age. As a result, parents and educators must teach them how to navigate this digital landscape safely and responsibly.

Section 1: Understanding Digital Citizenship

Topic 1: What is Digital Citizenship?
Digital citizenship refers to the responsible and appropriate use of digital technology for communication, collaboration, and learning. It encompasses the norms of behavior, etiquette, and interaction that are expected of individuals when they access and participate in online communities.

Topic 2: Why is Digital Citizenship Important?
Digital citizenship is crucial because it helps children and teenagers understand the importance of being responsible and respectful online. It teaches them how to communicate effectively, build positive relationships, and make good choices that will impact their lives for years to come.

Section 2: Approaching Technology with Children

Topic 1: Setting Boundaries
Parents and educators should set boundaries for their children's technology use. They should establish rules such as the amount of time children are allowed to spend on social media or gaming platforms, the types of websites they can visit, and the kind of information they can share online.

Topic 2: Educating Children on Cyberbullying
Children need to understand what cyberbullying is and how to avoid it. Educators and parents should teach them that cyberbullying involves using technology to harass, threaten, or embarrass others. They should also explain that cyberbullying can take many forms, including sending mean messages, spreading rumors, or posting hurtful comments online.

Section 3: Empowering Adults in the Digital Age

Topic 1: Understanding the Risks
Parents and educators should be aware of the risks that children face online, including cyberbullying, identity theft, and exposure to inappropriate content. They should educate themselves on these risks and teach children how to stay safe online.

Topic 2: Empowering Children to Make Good Choices
Children need to understand the consequences of their online actions. Parents and educators should teach them how to make good choices online, such as not sharing personal information, thinking before posting comments, and reporting any cyberbullying incidents.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, teaching children about digital citizenship and online safety is essential in today's digital age. By educating them on the importance of being responsible and respectful online, setting boundaries, and understanding the risks, we can empower them to make good choices that will positively impact their lives for years to come.

Glossary:
- Digital Citizenship: The responsible and appropriate use of digital technology for communication, collaboration, and learning.
- Cyberbullying: Using technology to harass, threaten, or embarrass others.
- Identity Theft: The unauthorized use of someone else's personal information.

Self-Debating Discussion:
How do you think the concept of digital citizenship can be applied in real-life scenarios? Can you think of any examples where someone has demonstrated good digital citizenship or poor digital citizenship?


text: Body found in River Severn may be missing man. The body of a man pulled from a river is believed to be that of a missing person.. West Mercia Police said they recovered a man's remains from the River Severn in Worcester today after it was spotted near the city's rowing club at about 9.45am.. Although formal identification has not yet been made, the body is believed to be that of Stuart Pickup from Himbleton in Worcestershire.. He failed to turn up for work on Tuesday and was reported missing. Mr Pickup's family have been informed.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Identify a Body Found in a River

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to identify a body found in a river. We will cover the steps involved in identifying a body, the importance of preserving the crime scene, and the role of forensic science in identifying the body.

Section 1: Identifying a Body Found in a River

Topic 1: Steps Involved in Identifying a Body
1. Preserve the Crime Scene
The first step in identifying a body found in a river is to preserve the crime scene. This means that no one should touch or move the body until the authorities arrive. The authorities will then take photographs, measurements, and other notes to document the scene.

2. Recover the Body
Once the crime scene is preserved, the next step is to recover the body. This can be done using specialized equipment and trained professionals to ensure that the body is recovered safely and without damage.

3. Examine the Body
After the body is recovered, it needs to be examined by a forensic pathologist. This person will look for any signs of trauma, such as bruises or broken bones, and take samples of blood, hair, and other tissues for further analysis.

4. Identify the Body
Once the body has been examined, the next step is to identify it. This can be done using dental records, fingerprints, or other identifiable features. If necessary, DNA testing can be used to confirm the identity of the body.

Topic 2: Importance of Preserving the Crime Scene
Preserving the crime scene is crucial because it allows investigators to gather evidence that can help them determine what happened to the victim. Any disturbance of the crime scene could destroy evidence that could be used to solve the case.

Topic 3: Role of Forensic Science in Identifying the Body
Forensic science plays a critical role in identifying a body found in a river. Forensic pathologists use their expertise to examine the body and determine the cause of death. They also collect samples of blood, hair, and other tissues that can be used to identify the body.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the steps involved in identifying a body found in a river, the importance of preserving the crime scene, and the role of forensic science in identifying the body. We also covered the different topics related to this process, including the examination of the body, the identification of the body, and the role of forensic science in the process. By understanding these concepts, we can better understand how to identify a body found in a river and apply this knowledge to other situations.


text:
Q:

How to redirect to another page using an event receiver?

I want to redirect to another page after an item is added to the list. I have referred many links and found the same alternative that is
      SPUtility.Redirect("https://www.google.co.in/", Microsoft.SharePoint.Utilities.SPRedirectFlags.Default, context);

But this does not work for me. What can I do to achieve this requirement?

A:

Unfortunately redirecting after an item is added isn't easy.
The event receivers only allow redirecting when it's a Pre event like ItemAdding by the use of SPEventReceiverStatus.CancelWithRedirectUrl, but this cancels the adding of the item.
So in order to redirect when the add is done you have to:

Implement your logic in ItemAdding
Retrieve all the values from SPItemEventProperties.AfterProperties
Disable Events by setting SPEventReceiverBase.EventFiringEnabled
Add the item using code
Set SPItemEventProperties.RedirectUrl
Set SPItemEventProperties.Status to CancelWithRedirectUrl

textbook:
Lesson: How to Redirect to Another Page Using an Event Receiver

## Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn how to redirect to another page using an event receiver. We will start by understanding the basics of event receivers and then move on to implementing a simple example that satisfies the given requirement.

## Section 1: Basics of Event Receivers

An event receiver is a custom code that runs in response to specific events that occur within SharePoint. These events can include item addition, item update, or item deletion. Event receivers are written in either JavaScript or Visual Basic .NET.

In our case, we want to redirect to another page after an item is added to the list. However, event receivers only allow redirecting when it's a Pre event like ItemAdding by the use of `SPEventReceiverStatus.CancelWithRedirectUrl`, but this cancels the adding of the item.

So, we need to implement our logic in the `ItemAdding` event and retrieve all the values from `SPItemEventProperties.AfterProperties`. Then, we disable events by setting `SPEventReceiverBase.EventFiringEnabled` to false. Finally, we add the item using code and set `SPItemEventProperties.RedirectUrl` and `SPItemEventProperties.Status` to `CancelWithRedirectUrl`.

## Section 2: Implementing the Logic

Here's a sample code that implements the logic mentioned above:

```csharp
public class MyEventReceiver : SPEventReceiver
{
    public override void OnItemAdding(SPEventReceiverProperties properties)
    {
        base.OnItemAdding(properties);

        // Retrieve all the values from SPItemEventProperties.AfterProperties
        var title = properties.AfterProperties["Title"];
        var url = properties.AfterProperties["URL"];

        // Disable events
        SPEventReceiverBase.EventFiringEnabled = false;

        // Add the item using code
        var list = properties.List;
        var web = properties.Web;
        var item = list.AddItem(properties.AfterProperties);

        // Set RedirectUrl and Status
        item[SPBuiltInFieldId.RedirectUrl] = url;
        item[SPEventReceiverProperties.Status] = SPEventReceiverStatus.CancelWithRedirectUrl;

        // Save the item
        list.Update();
    }
}
```

In this code, we first retrieve the values from `SPItemEventProperties.AfterProperties`. Then, we disable events by setting `SPEventReceiverBase.EventFiringEnabled` to `false`. Next, we add the item using code by creating a new instance of the list item. Finally, we set `SPItemEventProperties.RedirectUrl` and `SPItemEventProperties.Status` to `CancelWithRedirectUrl`.

## Section 3: Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned how to redirect to another page using an event receiver. We started by understanding the basics of event receivers and then implemented a simple example that satisfied our requirement. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can create your own event receivers to handle various scenarios.


text:
This application claims the Paris convention priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 11-294477/1999 filed on Oct. 15, 1999, which is incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery, and more particularly, it relates to improvement of a negative electrode active material for the purpose of improving the charge-discharge cycle performance of a lithium secondary battery.
In a lithium secondary battery, the battery characteristics such as the charge-discharge voltage, the charge-discharge cycle performance and the storage characteristic are greatly varied depending upon active materials used in its positive and negative electrodes.
As an active material of the negative electrode, metallic lithium is well known. In a lithium secondary battery using metallic lithium, lithium is deposited from the electrolyte during charge and is dissolved into the electrolyte during discharge. Although the lithium secondary battery can attain a high energy density per unit weight and unit volume by using metallic lithium, there arises a problem that lithium is deposited in the form of dendrite on the negative electrode during charge, resulting in causing internal short-circuit.
In order to overcome this problem, metallic aluminum has been proposed as a negative electrode active material usable instead of metallic lithium (Journal of Power Sources, 12 (1984), pp. 145-153). In a lithium secondary battery using metallic aluminum, lithium is inserted into the metallic aluminum during charge and is released from the metallic aluminum during discharge. Differently from the use of metallic lithium where lithium is dissolved and deposited, the metallic aluminum merely serves as a host for absorbing and discharging lithium. Accordingly, there is no fear of the deposition, during charge, of dendritic lithium causing internal short-circuit.
Metallic aluminum, however, largely expands by absorbing lithium and largely shrinks by discharging lithium. In other words, the volume is largely and repeatedly changed during charge-discharge cycles. As a result, the metallic aluminum is changed into a fine powder and its current collecting property is degraded, resulting in degrading the charge-discharge cycle performance. This is the reason why a lithium secondary battery using metallic aluminum as the negative electrode active material is practically used as a backup battery for a memory merely at a small depth of charge-discharge of approximately several percentages in spite of its theoretical capacity (i.e., 992 mAh/g) much larger than that of graphite (i.e., 372 mAh/g).
Accordingly, an object of the invention is providing a lithium secondary battery exhibiting good charge-discharge cycle performance by using a negative electrode active material with small volume change during charge and discharge.
The lithium secondary battery of this invention (present battery) comprises a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and a nonaqueous electrolyte, and the negative electrode uses an active material formed from an alloy including an A phase of a first intermetallic compound (A), and a B phase of a second intermetallic compound (B) having the same constituent elements as and a different composition from the first intermetallic compound (A) and/or a C phase consisting of one of the constituent elements of the first intermetallic compound (A), and at least one of the A phase, the B phase and the C phase is capable of electrochemically absorbing and discharging lithium ions.
As a result, the lithium secondary battery of this invention can exhibit good charge-discharge cycle performance.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Patents and their Importance in the Field of Science and Technology

Introduction:
Patents are legal documents that grant exclusive rights to inventors or their assignees for a limited period of time, usually 20 years. This means that no one else can use, sell, or manufacture the invention without the permission of the patent holder. Patents play a crucial role in the field of science and technology as they encourage innovation and protect the intellectual property rights of inventors.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is to understand the importance of patents in the field of science and technology. We will explore the process of obtaining a patent, the benefits of having a patent, and the impact of patents on society.

Section 1: Understanding Patents

Topic 1: What is a Patent?
- A patent is a legal document that grants exclusive rights to an inventor or their assignee for a limited period of time, usually 20 years.
- Patents protect new and useful inventions, processes, or improvements in the field of science and technology.

Topic 2: Types of Patents
- Utility Patents: These patents are granted for new and useful processes, machines, articles of manufacture, or compositions of matter.
- Design Patents: These patents are granted for new, original, and ornamental designs for articles of manufacture.
- Plant Patents: These patents are granted for new and distinct varieties of plants that are asexually reproduced.

Topic 3: How to Obtain a Patent
- An inventor must file a patent application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
- The patent application must include a detailed description of the invention, its advantages, and how it works.
- The USPTO will review the patent application and determine if the invention is new, useful, and non-obvious.
- If the patent application is approved, the inventor will be granted a patent.

Section 2: Benefits of Having a Patent

Topic 1: Exclusive Rights
- A patent holder has the exclusive right to make, use, sell, or import their invention for a limited period of time, usually 20 years.
- This means that no one else can use, sell, or manufacture the invention without the permission of the patent holder.

Topic 2: Protection of Intellectual Property
- A patent protects the intellectual property rights of the inventor and prevents others from stealing their ideas.
- This encourages innovation as inventors are more likely to share their ideas if they know they will be protected.

Topic 3: Monetary Benefits
- A patent can be sold or licensed to others for a fee, providing the inventor with a source of income.
- Companies may also be willing to pay for the rights to use or manufacture an invention, providing the inventor with a valuable asset.

Section 3: Impact of Patents on Society

Topic 1: Encouragement of Innovation
- Patents encourage innovation by providing inventors with an incentive to share their ideas.
- This leads to the development of new technologies and products that benefit society as a whole.

Topic 2: Economic Growth
- Patents play a crucial role in economic growth by promoting entrepreneurship and innovation.
- The development of new technologies and products creates jobs and stimulates economic growth.

Topic 3: Access to Knowledge
- Patents ensure that knowledge is shared with the public, promoting transparency and collaboration in the field of science and technology.
- This allows for the rapid dissemination of information and the building of upon existing knowledge.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, patents are an essential tool in the field of science and technology. They provide exclusive rights to inventors, protect intellectual property, and promote innovation. By understanding the importance of patents, we can appreciate their impact on society and the economy.


text: THE ORACLE PENDANT. What mysteries will be revealed when you gaze into this amazing cultured aura opal pendant? The man-made opal has swirls of red, blue, yellow, purple and green that shine through depending on the way the light hits it. It is set in sterling silver with a twist detail. An 18" silver plated chain is included.. Pendant Measurements: 1.5" long x 1" wide

textbook:
Lesson: The Power of Opals

Introduction: Opals are fascinating gemstones known for their unique beauty and mysterious origins. In this lesson, we will explore the history, science, and cultural significance of these stunning gems.

Section 1: The History of Opals

**Theoretical Concept:** Opals have been treasured for centuries by various cultures around the world. They have been used as symbols of power, protection, and good fortune.

**Practical Example:** The ancient Romans believed that opals could bring bad luck if given as a gift. However, they also believed that opals could protect them from harm when worn as jewelry.

**Real-World Scenario:** Today, opals are still highly valued and sought after. They are often used in fine jewelry and are considered a symbol of luxury and sophistication.

Section 2: The Science of Opals

**Theoretical Concept:** Opals are formed when silica gel fills cracks or voids within a rock. Over time, the gel hardens into a solid stone.

**Practical Example:** Opals can be found in many different colors, including white, black, and even boulder opal, which has a unique patterned appearance.

**Real-World Scenario:** Opals are mined in various locations around the world, including Australia, Mexico, and the United States. The process of mining opals can be dangerous and requires specialized equipment and techniques.

Section 3: The Cultural Significance of Opals

**Theoretical Concept:** Opals have been associated with many different cultures and belief systems throughout history. In some cases, they were seen as sacred stones with powerful spiritual properties.

**Practical Example:** In ancient times, opals were often used in religious ceremonies and were thought to have the power to heal and protect those who wore them.

**Real-World Scenario:** Today, opals continue to be associated with mysticism and spirituality. Many people believe that they can help to enhance psychic abilities and promote inner wisdom.

Conclusion: Opals are truly remarkable gemstones that have captured the imagination of people for centuries. By exploring their history, science, and cultural significance, we can gain a deeper appreciation for their beauty and power. Whether you are interested in the science behind their formation or the myths and legends that surround them, there is no doubt that opals are a fascinating subject worthy of study.

Glossary:
- Gemstone: A precious stone cut and polished for use in jewelry or other adornments.
- Silica: A chemical compound that is the main ingredient in sand and glass.
- Chalcedony: A type of microcrystalline quartz that is often used as a gemstone.
- Boulder Opal: A rare type of opal that is found within ironstone boulders in Australia.
- Crystal: A transparent, colorless variety of quartz that is often used as a gemstone.
- Chalcedony: A type of microcrystalline quartz that is often used as a gemstone.


text:
Une troisième femme est sortie de l'ombre mardi, lors d'une conférence de presse tenue à Los Angeles, pour accuser le réalisateur Roman Polanski d'agression sexuelle alors qu'elle était mineure. Identifiée seulement par le prénom Robin, elle a déclaré qu'elle avait été «abusée sexuellement» en 1973 par le célèbre cinéaste franco-polonais. Elle avait alors tout juste 16 ans.

«Le lendemain, j'ai dit à un(e) ami(e) ce que M. Polanski m'avait fait», a-t-elle expliqué en lisant une déclaration. «Mais, à cette seule exception près, la raison pour laquelle j'ai gardé cela pour moi, c'est que je ne voulais pas que mon père fasse quelque chose qui aurait pu l'envoyer en prison pour le reste de sa vie», a-t-elle ajouté.

Son avocate Gloria Allred, spécialisée dans les affaires d'agressions sexuelles, a simplement précisé que les faits s'étaient produits au sud de la Californie, mais que sa cliente ne donnerait pas plus de détails. Bien qu'il y ait prescription sur son cas, elle pourrait être appelée à témoigner lors d'un futur procès, a fait valoir l'avocate.

Deux autres jeunes femmes l'avaient déjà accusé

La nouvelle accusatrice a expliqué qu'elle avait décidé de sortir de son silence à cause d'une autre affaire impliquant le metteur en scène, vieille de quarante ans et pour laquelle il est toujours poursuivi. Les faits se seraient produits en 1977, dans la maison de Jack Nicholson à Los Angeles, pendant que l'acteur était en voyage. Polanski est accusé d'avoir alors drogué une jeune fille alors âgée de 13 ans, Samantha Geimer, et de l'avoir violée.

Polanski de nouveau accusé d'agression sexuelle sur mineure

Le cinéaste avait reconnu avoir eu des relations sexuelles illégales avec une mineure et, en échange, le juge avait accepté de ne pas retenir d'autres chefs d'inculpation plus graves, notamment le viol avec fourniture et usage de drogue. L'accord juridique avait été obtenu avec le consentement de la famille et de leurs avocats.

Après 48 jours en détention pour subir un examen psychologique, il avait été libéré pour pouvoir terminer un tournage. D'après des documents déposés par son avocat Harland Braun, Polanski avait obtenu par le juge en charge de l'affaire que les sept semaines qu'il avait déjà passées en détention seraient sa seule peine d'incarcération. Mais en 1978, convaincu que le juge allait revenir sur cette promesse et l'envoyer en prison, pour peut-être des décennies, il a fui pour la France.

Newsletter - L'essentiel de l'actu Chaque matin, l'actualité vue par Le Parisien Chaque matin, l'actualité vue par Le Parisien Votre adresse mail est collectée par Le Parisien pour vous permettre de recevoir nos actualités et offres commerciales. En savoir plus

La victime de Roman Polanski veut clore le dossier

Samantha Geimer a enjoint récemment les autorités de clore le dossier, ce qui a motivé la démarche de Robin. Cette dernière est ainsi a troisième femme à accuser le réalisateur. En 2010, l'actrice britannique Charlotte Lewis, également représentée par Gloria Allred, avait affirmé que Polanski l'avait forcée à avoir une relation sexuelle lorsqu'elle avait 16 ans. Des déclarations contradictoires sur l'année où le viol s'était produit avaient affaibli ses accusations.

Le réalisateur de «Rosemary's baby», «Chinatown» et «Le pianiste», qui aura 84 ans vendredi, est marié avec l'actrice Emmanuelle Seigner, avec qui il a deux enfants. Il a toujours refusé de retourner aux Etats-Unis sans assurance qu'il ne serait plus emprisonné. Son avocat n'a pu être joint dans l'immédiat pour commenter ces nouvelles accusations.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to the Legal System and Sexual Assault

**Objective:** Understand the legal system and its role in addressing sexual assault cases.

**Key Concepts:** Prescription, Criminal Justice System, Civil Lawsuit, Victim, Perpetrator, Evidence, Witness.

**Instructions:**

1. What is the criminal justice system?
2. What is the role of evidence and witnesses in a criminal case?
3. What is the difference between a civil lawsuit and a criminal case?
4. How does the legal system handle cases of sexual assault?
5. What is prescription and how does it affect sexual assault cases?

**Answers:**

1. The criminal justice system is a set of institutions and processes designed to prevent and control crime, and to sanction those who commit offenses. It includes law enforcement agencies, prosecutors, courts, and corrections facilities.

2. Evidence and witnesses play a crucial role in a criminal case. They help prove or disprove the allegations made by the victim or the perpetrator. Witnesses can testify about what they saw or heard, while evidence can include physical objects, documents, or other types of proof.

3. A civil lawsuit is a legal action brought by a person or entity seeking to recover money or other compensation for a loss or injury. In contrast, a criminal case is brought by the government against a person accused of committing a crime.

4. The legal system handles cases of sexual assault through both the criminal justice system and civil lawsuits. In a criminal case, the government prosecutes the perpetrator for breaking the law, while in a civil lawsuit, the victim seeks compensation for harm suffered.

5. Prescription refers to the time limit within which a legal action must be brought. In some states, there is a statute of limitations for sexual assault cases, meaning that victims must report the crime within a certain period of time or lose the right to pursue criminal charges.

**Glossary:**

- Prescription: A time limit within which a legal action must be brought.
- Victim: A person who has been injured, damaged, or violated by a crime.
- Perpetrator: A person who commits a crime or wrongdoing.
- Evidence: Any object or information used in a legal proceeding to prove or disprove a claim.
- Witness: A person who has seen or heard something related to a crime and can provide testimony about it.

**Conclusion:**

Understanding the legal system and its role in addressing sexual assault cases is essential for victims and their families. By learning about the key concepts and processes involved, individuals can make informed decisions about their rights and options. This knowledge can also empower people to speak out and seek justice when they have been harmed.


text: Gunstorm is a single screen space shooter. Mouse or keyboard controlled, Gunstorm is a top down arcade game where the player must ascend through ever-changing levels of alien waves, meeting different guardians along the way. Several game types are available, including a superb Asteroids inspired variant. Fully 3D and using the Cornutopia Hector graphics engine, Gunstorm represents the most advanced game in a series of releated shooter titles stretching back to 1992. The best feature of Gunstorm is the balance of gameplay. A lot of work has gone into making each level get progressively more difficult, but never becoming impossible. Different weapons and enemy combinations, and different level types and guardians have all been extensively adjusted to make that high score as high as your ability, not your luck, can attain.. Platform:Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP. System Requirements: DirectX8.0 or higher

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Game Development

## Chapter 1: What is Game Development?
In this chapter, we will learn about game development, its history, and why it is important.

**What is Game Development?**
Game development is the process of creating a game. This involves designing, coding, and testing the game to make it fun and engaging for players. It requires creativity, technical skills, and teamwork.

**History of Game Development**
The first video game was created in 1958 by William Higinbotham. Since then, game development has come a long way. In the early days, games were simple and limited to a few pixels on a screen. However, with advancements in technology, games have become more complex and immersive. Today, game developers use advanced tools and techniques to create stunning visuals, realistic physics, and compelling stories.

**Why is Game Development Important?**
Game development is important because it is a billion-dollar industry. People love playing games, and game developers are constantly pushing the boundaries of what is possible. Game development also teaches important skills such as problem-solving, creativity, and teamwork. These skills are valuable in many other industries as well.

**Conclusion**
In this chapter, we learned about game development, its history, and why it is important. In the next chapter, we will dive deeper into the process of game development and learn about the different roles involved.

## Glossary
- Game Development: The process of creating a game.
- Video Game: A game played on a computer or console.
- Billion-Dollar Industry: An industry that generates billions of dollars in revenue.
- Problem-Solving: The process of finding solutions to problems.
- Creativity: The ability to think of new and original ideas.
- Teamwork: Working together with others towards a common goal.


text: Starting a Book Distribution Team: The Facts. 80% of preschool and after-school programs serving low-income populations have no age-appropriate books for their children. footnote 1. A recent study shows that while in middle-income neighborhoods the ratio of age-appropriate books per child is 13 to 1, in low-income neighborhoods the ratio is 1 for every 300 children. footnote 2. footnote 3. Commit yourself and a team of your friends and neighbors to help increase reading achievement and literacy by joining United We Serve. This tool kit will give you the basics to run a book drive, organize your group, and make an impact.. What will you do to help increase reading and literacy?. 2. Neuman, Susan B. and David K. Dickinson, ed. Handbook of Early Literacy Research, Volume 2. New York, NY: 2006, p. 31.. 3. Newman, Sanford, et all. 'Americans Child Care Crisis: A Crime Prevention Tragedy"; Fight Crime; Invest in Kids,

textbook:
Lesson: How to Run a Successful Book Drive
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to run a successful book drive to increase reading achievement and literacy in low-income communities. We will cover the following topics:
- Why it's important to run a book drive
- How to organize your group
- How to make an impact
Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is the importance of running a book drive to increase reading achievement and literacy in low-income communities.
Section 1: Why It's Important to Run a Book Drive
Topic 1: The Need for Age-Appropriate Books in Low-Income Communities
- 80% of preschool and after-school programs serving low-income populations have no age-appropriate books for their children.
- A recent study shows that while in middle-income neighborhoods the ratio of age-appropriate books per child is 13 to 1, in low-income neighborhoods the ratio is 1 for every 300 children.
- This means that children in low-income communities have very limited access to age-appropriate books, which can negatively impact their reading achievement and literacy.
Topic 2: The Impact of Running a Book Drive
- Running a book drive can help increase reading achievement and literacy in low-income communities.
- By providing age-appropriate books to children in these communities, we can help improve their reading skills and foster a love of reading.
- This can lead to better academic performance, higher graduation rates, and increased opportunities for success later in life.
Questions and Answers:
1. Why is it important to provide age-appropriate books to children in low-income communities?
- Children in low-income communities often have limited access to age-appropriate books, which can negatively impact their reading achievement and literacy. Providing these children with age-appropriate books can help improve their reading skills and foster a love of reading, leading to better academic performance and increased opportunities for success later in life.
2. How can running a book drive help increase reading achievement and literacy in low-income communities?
- Running a book drive can help increase reading achievement and literacy in low-income communities by providing age-appropriate books to children who may not have access to them otherwise. This can help improve their reading skills and foster a love of reading, leading to better academic performance and increased opportunities for success later in life.
Section 2: How to Organize Your Group
Topic 1: Recruiting Volunteers
- To run a successful book drive, you will need to recruit volunteers to help collect, sort, and distribute books.
- You can recruit volunteers through social media, local community groups, schools, and churches.
- Make sure to clearly communicate the goals of the book drive and the time commitment required.
Topic 2: Collecting Books
- You can collect books through donations from individuals, businesses, and organizations.
- You can also partner with local bookstores or libraries to receive donations.
- Make sure to clearly communicate the types of books needed (age-appropriate books for children in low-income communities) and the drop-off locations.
Topic 3: Distributing Books
- Once you have collected enough books, you will need to distribute them to the appropriate organizations or communities.
- You can partner with local schools, after-school programs, or community centers to distribute the books.
- Make sure to clearly communicate the distribution plan and the criteria for receiving books.
Questions and Answers:
1. How can I recruit volunteers for my book drive?
- You can recruit volunteers through social media, local community groups, schools, and churches. Make sure to clearly communicate the goals of the book drive and the time commitment required.
2. Where can I collect books for my book drive?
- You can collect books through donations from individuals, businesses, and organizations. You can also partner with local bookstores or libraries to receive donations. Make sure to clearly communicate the types of books needed (age-appropriate books for children in low-income communities) and the drop-off locations.
3. How can I distribute the books collected?
- Once you have collected enough books, you will need to distribute them to the appropriate organizations or communities. You can partner with local schools, after-school programs, or community centers to distribute the books. Make sure to clearly communicate the distribution plan and the criteria for receiving books.
Section 3: How to Make an Impact
Topic 1: Measuring Success
- To determine the impact of your book drive, you will need to measure the number of books collected, distributed, and the number of children reached.
- You can also conduct surveys or interviews with the recipients of the books to gauge their impact on reading achievement and literacy.
Topic 2: Sustainability
- To ensure the long-term success of your book drive, you will need to consider sustainability.
- This can include partnering with local organizations or schools to continue collecting and distributing books, as well as raising awareness about the need for age-appropriate books in low-income communities.
- You can also encourage others to run book drives in their own communities.
Questions and Answers:
1. How can I measure the success of my book drive?
- To determine the impact of your book drive, you will need to measure the number of books collected, distributed, and the number of children reached. You can also conduct surveys or interviews with the recipients of the books to gauge their impact on reading achievement and literacy.
2. How can I ensure the long-term success of my book drive?
- To ensure the long-term success of your book drive, you will need to consider sustainability. This can include partnering with local organizations or schools to continue collecting and distributing books, as well as raising awareness about the need for age-appropriate books in low-income communities. You can also encourage others to run book drives in their own communities.
Conclusion:
By running a successful book drive, you can make a significant impact on reading achievement and literacy in low-income communities. By providing age-appropriate books to children who may not have access to them otherwise, you can help improve their reading skills and foster a love of reading, leading to better academic performance and increased opportunities for success later in life. Use the tips and strategies outlined in this lesson to organize your group, collect and distribute books, and measure your impact. Together, we can make a difference in the lives of children in low-income communities.
Glossary:
- Age-appropriate books: Books that are appropriate for the age and reading level of the child.
- Reading achievement: The ability to read and comprehend written material at an appropriate level for one's age and grade.
- Literacy: The ability to read and write proficiently, and to use language and other symbol systems effectively.


text:
The prayer service Thursday, known as Jenazah, began two days of memorials that Ali crafted himself in exacting detail years before his death Friday. He designed them with the intent to make them open to the world and to offer a view into a faith many Americans know little about.

"Ali was the people's champion and champion he did the cause of his people," said Sherman Jackson, a Muslim scholar who spoke at the service. Jackson said Ali did more to normalize the Islamic faith than anyone else, both in his life and in his death.

"Ali made being a Muslim cool," he said. "Ali made being a Muslim dignified."

More than 14,000 got tickets for the Thursday service in Ali's hometown of Louisville. Some traveled thousands of miles to attend. Civil rights activist Jesse Jackson, boxing promoter Don King, former boxer Sugar Ray Leonard and Louis Farrakhan, head of the Nation of Islam, were among the high-profile guests in attendance. Ali joined the Nation of Islam, the black separatist religious movement, in the 1960s. He left after a decade in favor of mainstream Islam, which emphasizes an embrace of all races and ethnicities.

Ali insisted he wanted the traditional Muslim ceremony to be open to all, organizers said.

The attendees were young and old; black and white; Muslims, Christians and Jews. Some wore traditional Islamic clothing, others blue jeans or business suits. Outside the arena, millions more were able to watch. The term "Jenazah" trended on Twitter as the service started.

"We welcome the Muslims, we welcome the members of other faith communities, we welcome the law enforcement community," Imam Zaid Shakir told the crowd at the start of the service. "We welcome our sisters, our elders, our youngsters."

The service began with four recitations of "Allahu Akbar" or "God is Great," with silent prayers in between. They prayed that Ali find safe passage to the afterlife, and that his loved ones find a way to live without him.

Several speakers, including two Muslim women, described Ali's impact on their own lives and as a champion for civil rights and acceptance of the Islamic faith.

The memorials come amid a fever of anti-Muslim political rhetoric and wave of assaults on U.S. mosques. Terrorist attacks carried out by Islamic extremists in Europe and California have caused many around the world to view the religion with fear or contempt.

Organizers of Ali's memorials say the events are not meant to be political.

Yet Muslim leaders and many faithful at the service say it represents a chance to demonstrate the beauty of the religion through the legacy of Ali, one of the most famous people on the planet.

"In this climate we live in today, with Islamophobia being on the rise and a lot of hate-mongering going on, I think it's amazing that someone of that caliber can unify the country and really show the world what Islam is about," said 25-year-old Abdul Rafay Basheer, who traveled from Chicago. "I think he was sort of the perfect person to do that."

A fellow Muslim who shares the boxing great's name arrived in Kentucky with no hotel reservation, just a belief that his 8,000-mile pilgrimage was important to say goodbye to a person considered a hero of his faith.

Mohammad Ali met the boxer in the early 1970s and they struck up a friendship based on their shared name. The Champ visited his home in 1978 and always joked he was his twin brother, he said. He stood weeping at the funeral, a green Bangladeshi flag draped over his shoulder, holding snapshots he took of the boxer during his visit, one standing with his family, another of him sprawled on a bed in his home.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Normalizing Faith Through Public Figures

Introduction:
Muhammad Ali, one of the greatest boxers of all time, was not only known for his athletic prowess but also for his strong faith in Islam. He was a public figure who normalized the Islamic faith and made it more accessible to the general public. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of normalizing faith through public figures and how it can positively impact society.

Section 1: Understanding the Importance of Normalizing Faith

Topic 1: The Role of Public Figures in Normalizing Faith
- Public figures have a significant influence on society and can shape public opinion.
- By normalizing their faith, public figures can help remove the stigma and misconceptions surrounding certain religions.
- Muhammad Ali's normalization of Islam helped make it more acceptable and understandable to the general public.

Topic 2: The Impact of Normalizing Faith on Society
- When public figures normalize their faith, it can inspire others to embrace their own beliefs without fear of judgment or persecution.
- Normalizing faith can also promote understanding and tolerance among different religious groups.
- This can lead to a more inclusive and accepting society where everyone feels valued and respected.

Section 2: Exploring the Benefits of Normalizing Faith

Topic 1: Promoting Understanding and Tolerance
- Normalizing faith through public figures can help break down barriers between different religious groups.
- It can encourage people to learn more about each other's beliefs and traditions, leading to greater understanding and respect.
- This can ultimately create a more harmonious and peaceful society.

Topic 2: Empowering Individuals to Embrace Their Beliefs
- When public figures normalize their faith, it can give individuals the confidence to embrace their own beliefs without fear of judgment or ridicule.
- This can lead to a greater sense of self-acceptance and personal fulfillment.
- Individuals who feel comfortable in their own skin are more likely to contribute positively to society.

Section 3: Applying the Concept of Normalizing Faith to Everyday Life

Topic 1: Finding Common Ground with Others
- Regardless of our religious beliefs, we can all find common ground by appreciating the values that unite us, such as kindness, compassion, and respect.
- By focusing on these shared values, we can create a more inclusive and understanding environment.
- This can lead to stronger relationships and a more cohesive community.

Topic 2: Embracing Differences in Others
- We may not always agree with the beliefs or practices of others, but we can still respect their right to hold those beliefs.
- By acknowledging and embracing our differences, we can create a more diverse and vibrant society.
- This can lead to greater innovation, creativity, and problem-solving.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the normalization of faith through public figures like Muhammad Ali has had a significant impact on society. By making Islam more accessible and understandable, he paved the way for greater acceptance and tolerance among different religious groups. By embracing our own beliefs and respecting those of others, we can create a more inclusive and harmonious society. As we continue to navigate our own beliefs and values, let us remember the example set by Muhammad Ali and strive to normalize our own faiths in a way that promotes understanding and respect.


text: Multiply - 365 Day 313. So I had this idea to do this picture shot with the photo continuing all the way in. Turned out the way I wanted it to but now that I think about it (of course after it's finished) I wish I would have done a different picture of me for each section. But it's not that big of a deal.. I'm getting closer and closer to finishing up my first 365 project and it's getting tough to come up with more crazy ideas for shots. I'm sure I'll make it though.. Please hit the letter L and view this large.. Strobist: One 580EX II camera right shot through umbrella at 1/4th power. 14 faves. Taken on November 13, 2011

textbook:
Lesson: Multiplication and Repetition in Photography

Introduction:
Photography is an art form that involves capturing images using light and other visual elements. In this lesson, we will explore the concept of multiplication and repetition in photography, which can add creativity and depth to your images.

Section 1: Understanding Multiplication and Repetition
Topic 1: What is Multiplication and Repetition?
- Multiplication and repetition are techniques used in photography to create visually interesting compositions by repeating the same element multiple times.
- This technique can add rhythm, pattern, and movement to your images.

Topic 2: Examples of Multiplication and Repetition
- One example is the use of mirrors or reflections to create multiple images of the same object.
- Another example is the use of repetition in architecture, such as columns or arches.

Topic 3: How to Use Multiplication and Repetition
- To use multiplication and repetition effectively, you need to plan your composition carefully.
- Consider the placement of the repeated elements and how they will interact with other elements in the frame.

Section 2: Applying Multiplication and Repetition
Topic 1: Creating Patterns and Textures
- You can use multiplication and repetition to create patterns and textures in your images.
- For example, you could take a photo of a wall with tiles and repeat the same tile pattern multiple times to create a visually interesting composition.

Topic 2: Adding Movement and Energy
- Multiplication and repetition can also add movement and energy to your images.
- For example, you could take a photo of a group of dancers performing the same move multiple times to create a sense of rhythm and motion.

Topic 3: Using Repetition to Create Depth
- You can use repetition to create depth in your images.
- For example, you could take a photo of a landscape with a mountain range in the background and repeat the same mountain range in the foreground to create a sense of depth and perspective.

Section 3: Practice Exercises
Exercise 1: Find an image that uses multiplication and repetition effectively. Analyze how the photographer used the technique to create an interesting composition.

Exercise 2: Take a photo that uses multiplication and repetition. Try to create a visually interesting composition by repeating the same element multiple times.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, multiplication and repetition are powerful tools that can add creativity and depth to your photography. By understanding how to use these techniques effectively, you can create visually interesting compositions that capture the attention of your audience. Remember to plan your composition carefully and experiment with different ways to use multiplication and repetition in your images.


text:
Q:

How to pass parameter in $_POST[]?

I have a file named main.php, where there is a form and the action of the form is another php file which is brand.php.That means,upon submission of the form in the main.php file the brand.php file will be fired as action.
The form portion of main.php file is here:-
 <form action="brand.php" method="POST">
 <input type="submit" value="Brand Name" id="b1" name="brand_button">
 </form>

Now the form portion of brand.php file is here:-
echo "<form action='size.php' method='POST'>";
while($row = $result->fetch_assoc())
{

    echo "<input type='submit' name=".$row["brand"]." value=" .   $row["brand"] . " style='height:20px;width:100px'>";

    echo '
';
    echo '
';
    $count=$count+1;
}
echo "</form>";

Now the actual problem is upon submission each time in the loop of the brand.php file I need to fire another php file which is size.php .
The code of size.php file is here:-
$db=new mysqli('localhost',$user,$pass,$db) or die("Abhra...unable");
if($db->connect_error)
{
     echo "Unable to connect";
}

$bname=$_POST[];

echo '
';
$q1= "select DISTINCT size from garments where brand='.$bname.'";
$result=$db->query($q1);
if ($result->num_rows > 0)
{

     $count=1;
     echo "<form action='size.php' method='POST'>";
     while($row = $result->fetch_assoc())
     {

          echo "<input type='submit' name=.$count. value=" . $row["size"] . " style='height:20px;width:100px'>";

       echo '
';
       echo '
';
       $count=$count+1;
     }
     echo "</form>";
}

$db->close();
?>

Now I have doubt that in the line 7 of the size.php file,what will be the parameter of $_POST[], specially when in the calling page the corresponding name part of the button is also a query string $row["brand"].

A:

In your current way of working, there are two distinct problems:

from the HTML page generated by main.php you submit the brand_button data, which is so available in the brand.php script, but then not to the size.php script!
You might solve this by generating (in brand.php) something like
<input type="hidden" name="brand_button" value=<?php echo $_POST['brand_button']; ?> />
even once the above ensures you transmit the POST data to size.php you have to use it correctly: with $bname=$_POST[]; you only got an array into $bname!
It should be $bname = $_POST['brand_button'];

textbook:
Lesson: Passing Parameters in PHP

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to pass parameters in PHP. We will use the example of a form submission to demonstrate this concept.

Section 1: Basic Concepts

Topic 1: What are parameters?
Parameters are variables that are passed to a function or a method when it is called. They are used to send additional information to the function or method, which can be used to customize the behavior of the function or method.

Topic 2: How do we pass parameters in PHP?
In PHP, we can pass parameters to a function or a method using the `$_POST` array. This array contains all the values of the form fields that were submitted with the HTTP POST method.

Example:
Suppose we have a form in a file named `main.php`, and the action of the form is another PHP file called `brand.php`. When the user submits the form, the `brand.php` file is fired. Inside the `brand.php` file, we can access the parameter values using the `$_POST` array.

Section 2: Practical Examples

Topic 1: Accessing parameters in PHP
To access the parameter values in PHP, we can use the `$_POST` array. This array contains all the values of the form fields that were submitted with the HTTP POST method.

Example:
Suppose we have a form in a file named `main.php`, and the action of the form is another PHP file called `brand.php`. When the user submits the form, the `brand.php` file is fired. Inside the `brand.php` file, we can access the parameter values using the `$_POST` array.

Example code:
```php
if(isset($_POST['brand_button'])) {
    $brand_name = $_POST['brand_button'];
    // Do something with the brand name
}
```

Topic 2: Passing parameters to another PHP file
We can pass parameters to another PHP file by using the `include` or `require` statement. This will execute the code inside the included or required file.

Example:
Suppose we have a form in a file named `main.php`, and the action of the form is another PHP file called `brand.php`. When the user submits the form, the `brand.php` file is fired. Inside the `brand.php` file, we can use the `include` statement to include another PHP file called `size.php`.

Example code:
```php
if(isset($_POST['brand_button'])) {
    $brand_name = $_POST['brand_button'];
    include 'size.php';
}
```

Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

Topic 1: Why do we need to pass parameters in PHP?
We need to pass parameters in PHP because it allows us to customize the behavior of a function or a method based on the input provided by the user. This can be useful in many situations, such as when we want to display different content based on the user's preferences or when we want to perform different actions based on the user's input.

Topic 2: How do we handle errors when passing parameters in PHP?
When passing parameters in PHP, we may encounter errors such as missing or invalid parameters. To handle these errors, we can use error handling functions such as `isset` and `null` to check if a parameter exists and is not null before using it.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about passing parameters in PHP using the `$_POST` array. We also saw practical examples of accessing and passing parameters using the `include` statement. Finally, we engaged in self-debating discussions to deepen our understanding of the topic.

Glossary:
- Parameter: A variable that is passed to a function or a method when it is called.
- `$_POST`: An array in PHP that contains all the values of the form fields that were submitted with the HTTP POST method.
- Include: A statement in PHP that executes the code inside a file.
- Require: A statement in PHP that checks if a file exists before executing its code.


text: How Does Our Checkstub Maker Work?. 1. Enter Information such as company name, your work schedule and salary details. 2. Choose your preferred theme and preview your pay stub.. 3. Download and print your stub instantly. Our company is a national accounting firm based in California, United States. With the help of our experienced accountants, we created this tool to help our clients who own small businesses, generate form W-2s for their own employees without having to purchase expensive and complicated software.. Based on your preference, you can either receive the form W-2.. The form W-2s we generate are legal as long as they present accurate information and numbers... 1. Enter Information such as company name, your work schedule and salary details. 2. Choose your preferred theme and preview your pay stub.. 3. Download and print your stub instantly

textbook:
Lesson: How to Generate Form W-2s for Your Employees
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to generate form W-2s for your employees using a checkstub maker. We will cover the following topics:
- What is a checkstub maker?
- How does a checkstub maker work?
- What are form W-2s?
- Why do you need to generate form W-2s for your employees?
What is a checkstub maker?
A checkstub maker is an online tool that helps you create pay stubs for your employees. It is designed to simplify the process of generating pay stubs and make it more affordable for small business owners.
How does a checkstub maker work?
To use a checkstub maker, you need to follow these steps:
1. Enter information such as company name, your work schedule, and salary details.
2. Choose your preferred theme and preview your pay stub.
3. Download and print your stub instantly.
Our company has created this tool to help our clients who own small businesses generate form W-2s for their employees without having to purchase expensive and complicated software.
What are form W-2s?
Form W-2 is a tax form that your employees receive from their employers. It shows the amount of taxes withheld from their paychecks during the year. Employees use this form to file their tax returns.
Why do you need to generate form W-2s for your employees?
You need to generate form W-2s for your employees because it is a legal requirement. Failure to do so can result in penalties and fines. Additionally, providing form W-2s to your employees helps them file their tax returns accurately, which reduces the chances of errors and audits.
Theoretical Concepts:
- Tax Forms
- Payroll
- Withholding Taxes
Practical Examples:
- John owns a small business and uses a checkstub maker to generate pay stubs for his employees. He enters the company name, work schedule, and salary details for each employee. He chooses a theme and previews the pay stub. Finally, he downloads and prints the stub instantly.
- Mary works for a company that uses a checkstub maker to generate her form W-2. She receives the form W-2 at the end of the year and uses it to file her tax return.
- Tom is an accountant who helps his clients generate form W-2s for their employees using a checkstub maker. He enters the necessary information and generates the form W-2s, which he then gives to his clients to distribute to their employees.
Self-Debating Discussion:
- Why is it important to generate form W-2s for your employees?
- What are the consequences of not generating form W-2s for your employees?
- How does a checkstub maker simplify the process of generating pay stubs?
Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to generate form W-2s for your employees using a checkstub maker. We covered the importance of generating form W-2s, how a checkstub maker works, and the benefits of using one. We also looked at some practical examples and discussed some self-debating questions. By the end of this lesson, you should be able to generate form W-2s for your employees using a checkstub maker.
Glossary:
- Checkstub maker: An online tool that helps you create pay stubs for your employees.
- Form W-2: A tax form that your employees receive from their employers, showing the amount of taxes withheld from their paychecks during the year.
- Withholding taxes: Taxes deducted from an individual's paycheck before they receive their pay.


text: Fig. 3. From: Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: current insights and future directions. Drug targets and treatments of pediatric DIPG. DIPGs are characterized by the K27M mutation that occurs in histone H3. Therapies which target the epigenome including histone deacetylase inhibitors such as panobinostat (a) and histone demethylase inhibitors such as GSK-J4 (b) have been demonstrated to be effective in clinical trials. Furthermore, residual PRC2 activity has been shown to be required for proliferation and thus EZH2 inhibitors such as tazemetostat (c) has been effective in treating these tumors

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG)

## Introduction

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a rare and aggressive type of brain tumor that occurs in children. Despite its rarity, it is one of the most common brain tumors in children, accounting for about 10% of all childhood brain tumors. DIPGs are characterized by the K27M mutation that occurs in histone H3, which leads to the activation of oncogenes and the suppression of tumor suppressor genes. In this lesson, we will learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of DIPG.

## Section 1: Causes and Symptoms

### Causes

The exact cause of DIPG is unknown, but it is believed to arise from abnormal changes in the DNA of brain cells. These changes can be inherited or acquired during a person's lifetime. Some risk factors for developing DIPG include:

- Age: DIPG is most common in children between the ages of 5 and 9.
- Sex: Boys are slightly more likely to develop DIPG than girls.
- Genetic factors: Some cases of DIPG may be caused by genetic mutations or chromosomal abnormalities.

### Symptoms

DIPG often does not cause any symptoms in its early stages. However, as the tumor grows, it can cause a variety of symptoms, including:

- Weakness or paralysis on one side of the body
- Problems with balance and coordination
- Speech difficulties
- Vision problems
- Seizures
- Headaches
- Loss of appetite and weight loss
- Fatigue and irritability

## Section 2: Diagnosis

### Diagnostic procedures

DIPG is difficult to diagnose because it is located deep within the brain and does not cause obvious symptoms in its early stages. Doctors use a variety of diagnostic procedures to identify DIPG, including:

- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): This imaging technique uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of the brain. It can help doctors identify tumors and determine their size, shape, and location.
- Computed tomography (CT) scan: This imaging test uses X-rays and computer technology to create cross-sectional images of the brain. It can help doctors identify tumors and determine their size and shape.
- Positron emission tomography (PET) scan: This imaging test uses a small amount of radioactive material to help doctors identify tumors. It can help doctors determine the location and size of a tumor and whether it is active or not.
- Biopsy: In some cases, doctors may perform a biopsy to remove a small sample of tissue from the tumor. This tissue can then be examined under a microscope to determine if it is cancerous.

## Section 3: Treatment

### Treatment options

DIPG is a difficult tumor to treat because it is located deep within the brain and is surrounded by critical brain structures. However, there are several treatment options available for patients with DIPG:

- Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be used to remove as much of the tumor as possible. However, because DIPG is located in a sensitive area of the brain, surgery can be risky and may not be possible in all cases.
- Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing. It is often used to treat DIPG, especially after surgery.
- Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing. It is often used to treat DIPG, especially when the tumor cannot be completely removed by surgery.
- Targeted therapy: Targeted therapy uses drugs that specifically target cancer cells and do not harm normal cells. Some targeted therapies, such as panobinostat and tazemetostat, have shown promise in treating DIPG.

## Conclusion

In conclusion, DIPG is a rare and aggressive type of brain tumor that occurs in children. While the exact cause is unknown, it is believed to arise from abnormal changes in the DNA of brain cells. Symptoms of DIPG include weakness, paralysis, speech difficulties, and vision problems. Diagnosis of DIPG involves several diagnostic procedures, including MRI, CT scans, PET scans, and biopsies. Treatment options for DIPG include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of DIPG is crucial for helping children with this condition.