text: The beginners guide to… creating a low carbon home Ruth Styles | 24th April 2012 From reducing energy consumption to a full-scale retrofit, Ruth Styles explains how to make your low carbon dream a reality The A to Z of retrofitting Chloe Barrow | 27th March 2012 Cutting emissions at home doesn’t just help the planet; it saves you money too. Chloe Barrow explains how to get started Low-tech retrofit experiment could transform social housing Eifion Rees | 8th July 2009 The Greening-the-Box initiative aims to demonstrate that retrofitting can transform hard-to-heat housing association and council properties into models of low-tech sustainability and fuel efficiency - with almost zero heating The retrofit revolution - domestic makeovers that can help save the world Laura Sevier | 1st April 2008 A growing number of homeowners are taking the green initiative. Laura Sevier reports Subscribe to Retrofit

textbook:
Lesson: Creating a Low Carbon Home

Introduction:
Creating a low carbon home is an essential step towards reducing our carbon footprint and combating climate change. This lesson will provide you with the necessary knowledge and skills to reduce energy consumption in your home and make it more sustainable.

Section 1: Reducing Energy Consumption

Topic 1: Energy Audit
- An energy audit is a systematic assessment of energy use in a home.
- It involves checking for air leaks, insulation, lighting, and appliances.
- You can conduct an energy audit yourself or hire a professional.

Topic 2: Energy-efficient Appliances
- Replacing old appliances with energy-efficient ones can significantly reduce energy consumption.
- Look for appliances with the ENERGY STAR label, which indicates high energy efficiency.
- Consider replacing your refrigerator, washing machine, and dishwasher with energy-efficient models.

Topic 3: Smart Home Technology
- Smart home technology allows you to control your home's energy usage remotely.
- Examples include smart thermostats, light switches, and outlet plugs.
- These devices can help you save energy by turning off lights and appliances when not in use.

Section 2: Retrofitting Your Home

Topic 1: Insulation
- Insulation helps keep your home warm in winter and cool in summer.
- Proper insulation reduces energy consumption and saves money on heating and cooling bills.
- Common types of insulation include fiberglass, cellulose, and foam board.

Topic 2: Windows and Doors
- Old windows and doors can let in drafts, leading to higher energy bills.
- Replacing them with energy-efficient models can significantly reduce energy consumption.
- Consider double-paned windows and storm doors with weather stripping.

Topic 3: Solar Panels
- Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity, providing clean and renewable energy for your home.
- They can help you save money on energy bills and reduce your carbon footprint.
- Consider installing solar panels on your roof or investing in a solar water heater.

Section 3: Low-tech Retrofitting

Topic 1: Passive Solar Design
- Passive solar design involves using the sun's energy to heat your home naturally.
- Examples include south-facing windows, thermal mass materials, and window overhangs.
- Passive solar design can significantly reduce heating costs and carbon emissions.

Topic 2: Green Roofs
- Green roofs are covered in vegetation, which helps insulate the building and reduce energy consumption.
- They can also absorb rainwater and reduce runoff, helping to manage stormwater.
- Consider installing a green roof on your home or building.

Topic 3: Earth-sheltered Buildings
- Earth-sheltered buildings are partially or completely buried underground.
- They take advantage of the earth's natural insulation properties to keep the building warm in winter and cool in summer.
- Consider building an earth-sheltered building on your property.

Conclusion:
Creating a low carbon home requires careful planning and consideration of various factors. By implementing energy-saving measures and retrofitting your home, you can significantly reduce energy consumption and save money on heating and cooling bills. Additionally, low-tech retrofitting options such as green roofs and earth-sheltered buildings can further enhance the sustainability of your home. By applying these principles, you can make a positive impact on the environment and contribute to a better future for all.


text: . 48 North San Pedro Road, San Rafael, CA. 7.25 miles away. Phone: (415)479-8170. 1125 Arnold Dr # B, Moraga, CA. 16.70 miles away. Phone: (510)235-5222. 318 - 27th Street, Richmond, CA. 18.06 miles away. Phone: (510)478-0085. 4000 Macdonald Avenue, Richmond, CA. 18.69 miles away. Phone: (510)215-1890. 166 Lilac Circle, Hercules, CA. 22.92 miles away. Phone: (510)799-7079. 496 7th St, Oakland, CA. 25.48 miles away. Phone: (510)444-4889. 871 Emerald Avenue, San Leandro, CA. 34.53 miles away. Phone: (510)638-1016. 234 Marshall Street Suite 3, Redwood City, CA. 42.93 miles away. Phone: (415)495-2245. 234 Marshall Street Suite 3, Redwood City, CA. 42.93 miles away. Phone: (408)266-2245. 2241 East Leland Road Apt 206, Pittsburg, CA. 43.54 miles away. Phone: (707)644-7525

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Core Value: Locating Information

Lesson: How to Use Maps and Directions to Find a Location

Introduction:
Maps and directions are essential tools that help us locate places and navigate from one place to another. In this lesson, we will learn how to use maps and directions to find a location. We will cover the following topics:

1. Reading a Map
2. Using Directions
3. Finding Distance and Driving Time
4. Using Landmarks and Points of Interest

Reading a Map:
A map is a visual representation of a place that shows the location of different places and features. To read a map, you need to understand the symbols and colors used on the map. Here are some tips for reading a map:

1. Look for a key or legend that explains the symbols used on the map.
2. Use the compass rose to orient yourself and find north.
3. Use the scale to determine distances between places.
4. Look for landmarks and points of interest that can help you locate a specific place.

Using Directions:
Directions are instructions that tell you how to get from one place to another. You can use directions to find a location or to navigate from one place to another. Here are some tips for using directions:

1. Enter the starting point and destination into a map app or GPS device.
2. Follow the instructions provided by the map app or GPS device.
3. Pay attention to road signs and traffic patterns to stay on the correct route.
4. Adjust your route if there is traffic or construction that may affect your journey.

Finding Distance and Driving Time:
To find the distance between two locations, you can use a map or a calculator. Here are some tips for finding distance and driving time:

1. Measure the distance between two points on a map using a ruler or a straight edge.
2. Use a calculator or a distance formula to find the distance between two points.
3. Use the speed limit and estimated driving time to calculate the time it will take to travel between two points.

Using Landmarks and Points of Interest:
Landmarks and points of interest are places that stand out and help you identify a location. Here are some tips for using landmarks and points of interest:

1. Look for landmarks and points of interest that are easily recognizable, such as a famous building or a park.
2. Use these landmarks and points of interest to help you locate a specific place.
3. Use the landmarks and points of interest to navigate from one place to another.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to use maps and directions to find a location. We covered reading a map, using directions, finding distance and driving time, and using landmarks and points of interest. By mastering these skills, we can easily locate any place and navigate from one place to another.


text: DHL is a German postal company that is present in more than 220 countries all over the world. As of 2015, DHL is the most international company in the world, and is part of the leading postal and logistics group, Deutsche Post DHL.Continue Reading. DHL's workforce exceeds 315,000 employees and provides extensive logistic needs services worldwide. The company is made up of three divisions: DHL Express, DHL Global Forwarding and Freight, and DHL Supply Chain. The DHL Express division has a fleet of more than 250 delivery aircraft, making it one of the largest air carriers in the world. DHL Freight is one of Europe's leading road freight providers, while the Supply Chain division is the market leader of global contract logistics, including warehousing.Learn more about Mail & Shipping

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Logistics

**Objective:** Understand the basics of logistics and its importance in the business world.

**Introduction:** Logistics is the process of managing the flow of goods and services from production to consumption. It involves planning, coordinating, and implementing the movement of goods, information, and people. Logistics is an essential part of any business as it ensures that products reach customers on time and in good condition.

**Main Topics:**

1. Importance of Logistics
2. Types of Logistics
3. Logistics Management

**Importance of Logistics:**

Logistics is crucial for any business as it ensures that products reach customers on time and in good condition. Good logistics management can help reduce costs, improve customer satisfaction, and increase profitability.

**Types of Logistics:**

There are two types of logistics: inbound logistics and outbound logistics. Inbound logistics involves receiving raw materials and components from suppliers, storing them, and transporting them to the production facility. Outbound logistics involves transporting finished products from the production facility to the customer.

**Logistics Management:**

Logistics management involves planning, coordinating, and implementing the movement of goods, information, and people. It includes activities such as inventory management, transportation, warehousing, and order fulfillment.

**Conclusion:**

Logistics is an essential part of any business as it ensures that products reach customers on time and in good condition. Good logistics management can help reduce costs, improve customer satisfaction, and increase profitability. By understanding the basics of logistics, you can apply these skills to new problems and challenges in the business world.


text: The Honda Worldwide Global Ad Site: Honda's New Global Branding. Honda introduced a new global environmental ad "Blue Skies for Our Children (Mobility World)," a short animated ad which communicates critical parts of the Honda Environmental Vision.. The symbolic use of the Honda green cap, worn by Honda Associates, expresses two messages - the fun that Honda employees enjoy through working at Honda and how that fun is embedded in every Honda automobile, motorcycle and power product.. Since development of the first ASIMO in 2000, ASIMO has grown in popularity around the world, and has developed a global image of adorability and friendliness. The key aim in Honda’s new global branding advertisement is to maintain ASIMO’s global image, whilst communicating the new ASIMO prototype’s feature (ASIMO runs!) with a touch of humor. In 60” movie “run/”, the new ASIMO prototype and an elderly gentleman engage in a little race down an airport’s moving walkway.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Branding in Business
Introduction:
Branding is an essential aspect of any business. It helps to create a unique identity and differentiate a company from its competitors. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of branding in business, including how it can impact customer perception, increase sales, and build loyalty.
Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is that branding is crucial for businesses to establish themselves in the market, attract customers, and maintain a competitive edge.
Section 1: Understanding Branding
Topic 1: What is Branding?
Definition: Branding is the process of creating a unique identity for a company or product through visual and verbal elements such as logos, taglines, and packaging.
Topic 2: Why is Branding Important?
Explanation: Branding helps to create a positive image of a company in the minds of customers. It also helps to differentiate a company from its competitors and establish a reputation for quality and reliability.
Section 2: Building a Strong Brand Identity
Topic 1: Developing a Unique Brand Identity
Definition: A unique brand identity is created by combining visual and verbal elements that are distinctive and memorable.
Topic 2: Maintaining Consistency in Branding
Explanation: Consistency in branding is essential to ensure that customers recognize and remember the brand. It also helps to build trust and credibility.
Section 3: Measuring the Impact of Branding
Topic 1: How does Branding Impact Customer Perception?
Definition: Branding can influence customer perception by creating a positive image of a company and its products or services.
Topic 2: How does Branding Impact Sales and Loyalty?
Explanation: A strong brand identity can increase sales and customer loyalty by creating an emotional connection with customers.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, branding is a critical aspect of any business. It helps to create a unique identity, differentiate a company from its competitors, and establish a reputation for quality and reliability. By developing a strong brand identity and maintaining consistency in branding, companies can create a positive image in the minds of customers, increase sales and build loyalty.


text: I’ve always been a fan of street art, graffiti.. I am not talking tagging,. but actual street art.. Lapiztola is one such movement,. and as I am exploring Oaxaca Mexico. for our Virtual Sketchwalk,. I came across these images.. The article in the Guardian. tells a bit about what their art is about —. Drug cartels, including the GMO problems,. and death death death to their children. Having a small battle with a flu, but be back soon….. Oh my, those images are beautiful. This street art belongs in a gallery, as does much of the street art I’ve seen in other blogs and on the internet. Extremely talented artists!. Katie, I hope you feel better soon. I attracted a head cold this weekend and I have been thinking that it could be worse, this it could be the flu. Flu is never fun, so I send you hugs and healing thoughts.. Thanks, I was up to posting a real sketch today, turned out to be a cold thang.. London did a gallery showing of Mexican street art… I love that.. LikeLiked by 1 person

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Street Art

Street art is a form of visual art that is created in public spaces, often without permission or authorization from the authorities. It is a popular form of artistic expression that has gained recognition and acceptance worldwide. In this lesson, we will explore the history, techniques, and significance of street art.

Section 1: History of Street Art

Street art has its roots in the 1960s when graffiti first appeared in New York City. Graffiti was initially used as a way for young people to express themselves and their frustrations with society. Over time, graffiti evolved into more elaborate and complex forms of art, leading to the birth of street art as we know it today.

Section 2: Techniques of Street Art

Street artists use various techniques to create their artwork. Some of the most common techniques include stenciling, wheat pasting, and spray painting. These techniques allow artists to create intricate designs and messages that can be seen by many people.

Section 3: Significance of Street Art

Street art is significant because it allows artists to express themselves and their ideas in a public space. It also provides an opportunity for artists to comment on social issues and politics. Additionally, street art has become a way for communities to express their identity and culture.

Section 4: Examples of Street Art

One example of street art is Banksy, a famous British artist known for his satirical and political artwork. Another example is the work of Invader, a French street artist who creates mosaic art using tiles.

Section 5: Conclusion

In conclusion, street art is a form of visual art that has gained popularity and recognition worldwide. It allows artists to express themselves and their ideas in public spaces, often commenting on social issues and politics. By exploring the history, techniques, and significance of street art, we can appreciate the creativity and talent behind this unique form of art.

Glossary:
- Street art: A form of visual art created in public spaces.
- Graffiti: Writing or drawings scribbled, scratched, or sprayed illicitly on walls or other surfaces in public places.
- Stenciling: A technique of creating artwork by cutting out shapes from a sheet of material and applying it to a surface.
- Wheat pasting: A technique of creating artwork by pasting printed materials onto a surface.
- Spray painting: A technique of creating artwork by spraying paint from a can.

[1] Image of Lapiztola street art: https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/7c8f2d0f1e5a95b53bfe2f8f4f2b95c5c092e1d/0_1280_3508_2336/master/3508.jpg?w=620&q=20&auto=format&usm=12&fit=max&s=a86c1f5b24f5b5c0d2b15e8f8e22a9d3

[2] Article in the Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/jun/21/lapiztola-mexico-city-street-art-collective


text:
Q:

Replace special text with sed?

I'm using CMD on Windows Xp to replace special text with Sed. I'm using this command for replace special characters like $ or * :
sed -i "s/\*/123/g;" 1.txt

But how command must i use to replace this strings with ciao! in my text files? Is possible?
\\
\\\
""
sed.exe -i "s/{\*)(//123/
sed -i "s/\\/123/g;" 1.txt

the previous command does not work because i have \, " and other special strings that sed use to make regex.

A:

Looking for literal strings with a regular expression, when the search-string contains special characters, is sometimes not as simple as looking for patterns, but you can do it with a bit of juggling.
Note: The echo command must cater for CMD-special-characters, so it needs ^^ to escape a single ^ and ^| to escape | ... You don't need CMD's escape-character ^ if you type directly into the file.

Step 1: Create a file, named literal-srch-strings.txt, which containing the exact (unaltered) string to be replaced.  There are 2 ways to create this file:

As a command issued at CMD's commandline, or as a command in a .cmd/.bat command-script.
echo sed -i^^/\\*$/$[{" ;"> literal-srch-strings.txt
Make  literal-srch-strings.txt yourself, in your text editor.
In this case, you should not use the CMD-escape-character ^, so the line is has just one ^, not ^^ -- This is because you are bypassing the CMD-shell.
Here is what is needed in the .txt file (just as the filename says :)
sed -i^/\\*$/$[{" ;"

Step 2: Make a sed script, named  str-to-regex.sed , to convert the string(s) into sed regex(s).
Note that the same issue of the CMD-escape-character ^ applies to this step, so again, there are 2 ways you can create the .sed file:

As a command:
echo s/[]\/$*.^^^|[]/\\^&/g; s/.*/s\/^&\/Ciao!\/g/> str-to-regex.sed
Using your text editor, make a file named str-to-regex.sed, containing:
s/[]\/$*.^|[]/\\&/g; s/.*/s\/&\/Ciao!\/g/

Step 3: Run the sed-script which converts the string into a sed regeular expression, and
send its output to another sed-script, replace-text.sed, which will make the actual replacement.
sed -f str-to-regex.sed  literal-srch-strings.txt > replace-text.sed

Step 4: Run replace-text.sed -- For the test we can use literal-srch-strings.txt as the input file, but you can, of course, use any input file.
sed -f replace-text.sed  literal-srch-strings.txt

Here is the output:
Ciao!

source: minipile

textbook:
Step 2: Open a CMD window, and navigate to the directory where the file is located.

Step 3: Type the following command to edit the file in place, and save it:

sed -i "s/$literal-search-string/ciao!/g;" filename

Step 4: Press Enter to execute the command.

Step 5: The file will now contain the literal search string replaced by ciao!.

In summary, to replace special characters like $ or * in a text file, you can use the following command in CMD:

sed -i "s/$literal-search-string/ciao!/g;" filename

This command will replace the exact literal search string with ciao! in the specified file. Note that the search string must be enclosed in double quotes, and any special characters like * or $ must be escaped with a backslash (\).


text: Ute Volknant studied German, sociology and English in Heidelberg and Freiburg im Breisgau.. This is followed by a job as a freelance journalist (Radio Freiburg FR1, Ästhetik & Kommunikation, F.A.Z., Süddeutsche Zeitung), public relations work at the Schaubühne Berlin, editing for the publishing house Autorenagentur in Frankfurt am Main, dramaturgy on various stages, among others for Kampnagel Hamburg (JAK), the Darmstadt State Theatre, for XX/projekt at the Sophiensælen Berlin and the Theater am Halleschen Ufer Berlin. She has been a dramaturge at GRIPS Theater since 1999.

textbook:
Core Value: Diverse Career Paths

Lesson: Diverse Career Paths for Primary School Students

Introduction:
Ute Volknant is a person who has had many different jobs in her career. In this lesson, we will learn about some of the jobs she has had and how she got to where she is today.

Section 1: Jobs Ute Volknant Has Had

**Question:** What are some jobs that Ute Volknant has had?

**Answer:** Ute Volknant has had many different jobs in her career. She studied German, sociology, and English in college, and then worked as a freelance journalist, public relations worker, editor, dramaturge, and more.

**Question:** How did Ute Volknant get these jobs?

**Answer:** Ute Volknant got these jobs by studying hard in school and gaining experience in different fields. She also networked with people in her industry and showed that she was willing to work hard and learn new things.

Section 2: How Ute Volknant Got to Where She Is Today

**Question:** How did Ute Volknant become a dramaturge at GRIPS Theater?

**Answer:** Ute Volknant became a dramaturge at GRIPS Theater by working hard and gaining experience in different fields. She started as a freelance journalist, then worked in public relations and editing. She also studied drama and stage production, which helped her become a dramaturge.

**Question:** What skills did Ute Volknant learn along the way?

**Answer:** Along the way, Ute Volknant learned many skills that helped her become a successful dramaturge. She learned how to write and edit well, how to work with different types of people, and how to think critically about theater productions.

Section 3: Applying Skills to New Problems

**Question:** How can we apply the skills Ute Volknant learned to our own careers?

**Answer:** We can apply the skills Ute Volknant learned by being willing to try new things and gain experience in different fields. We can also network with people in our industry and show that we are willing to work hard and learn new things. By doing this, we can find our own diverse career paths and become successful in whatever we choose to do.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the diverse career paths of Ute Volknant and how she got to where she is today. We also learned how we can apply the skills she learned to our own careers and find success in whatever we choose to do.

Glossary:
- Dramaturge: A person who helps with the development and production of plays, often by working with the director and actors to develop the script and stage production.
- Freelance: Working as a self-employed person or independent contractor, rather than being an employee of a company.
- Network: To establish connections and relationships with people in a particular industry or field.
- Public relations: The practice of managing the image and reputation of a company or organization.
- Editing: The process of reviewing and correcting written material to improve accuracy, clarity, and style.


text: . The realization of the right to health for millions of people in poor countries depends upon a massive increase in health services to achieve universal and equitable access.. Rich countries and World Bank must stop pushing privatized health in poor countries. Put public first, and provide healthcare for all. Maternal mortality in Sierra Leone – photo gallery

textbook:
Title: Healthcare for All - A Bite-sized Lesson

## Introduction

Healthcare is a basic human right that should be accessible to everyone, regardless of their socio-economic status. However, in many parts of the world, particularly in developing countries, millions of people lack access to essential health services. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of healthcare for all and why it is crucial to advocate for universal and equitable access to health services.

## Section 1: Why Healthcare for All?

### Topic 1: The Importance of Healthcare

Healthcare is an essential component of a just and equitable society. It is a fundamental human right that should be accessible to everyone, regardless of their economic standing. Good health is essential for human development and well-being, and it is crucial for the overall progress and growth of a nation.

### Topic 2: The Current State of Healthcare in Developing Countries

In many developing countries, millions of people lack access to essential health services. This lack of access leads to preventable deaths, particularly among mothers and children. For example, in Sierra Leone, maternal mortality rates are among the highest in the world.

### Topic 3: The Need for Universal and Equitable Access to Health Services

Universal and equitable access to health services means that everyone, regardless of their economic standing, should have access to essential health services. This includes access to affordable and quality healthcare, medicines, and vaccines. It also involves investing in health systems and infrastructure to ensure that health services are available and accessible to all.

## Section 2: Advocating for Healthcare for All

### Topic 1: The Role of Governments and International Organizations

Governments and international organizations have a responsibility to ensure that healthcare is accessible to all. This can be achieved by investing in health systems and infrastructure, providing financial protection through health insurance or subsidies, and ensuring that health services are available and accessible to all.

### Topic 2: The Importance of Public-Private Partnerships

Public-private partnerships can play an essential role in ensuring that healthcare is accessible to all. Private companies can invest in healthcare infrastructure, provide essential medicines and vaccines, and create jobs in the health sector. However, these partnerships should prioritize public health over private interests.

### Topic 3: The Power of Advocacy

Advocacy plays a crucial role in promoting healthcare for all. By raising awareness about the importance of healthcare and its impact on human development and well-being, advocates can influence policy decisions and mobilize resources to improve health outcomes.

## Section 3: Conclusion

In conclusion, healthcare is a fundamental human right that should be accessible to everyone, regardless of their economic standing. Governments and international organizations have a responsibility to ensure that healthcare is accessible to all. By investing in health systems and infrastructure, providing financial protection through health insurance or subsidies, and ensuring that health services are available and accessible to all, we can achieve universal and equitable access to health services. We can all play a role in advocating for healthcare for all, and by doing so, we can contribute to a more just and equitable society.


text: Dedicated to preserving the historical records and archives of the GAA. The Dublin football team was scheduled to play Tipperary, in Croke Park, on the 21st of November a military loss suffered the night before. Bloody Sunday shocked the British public too and while it is too simple to say that it helped end the War of Independence it must certainly be considered a key factor.. © Croke Park 2015. info@crokepark.ie. Tel: +353 (0)1 819 2300

textbook:
Lesson: The Impact of Historical Events on Modern Society

## Overview

In this lesson, we will explore the impact of historical events on modern society. We will focus on the GAA and its role in preserving historical records and archives. We will also examine the significance of the 1920 Bloody Sunday massacre in Croke Park and its influence on the Irish struggle for independence.

## Level 1: Primary School

**Objective**: Understand the importance of preserving historical records and archives.

**Introduction**: The GAA is an organization that preserves the historical records and archives of Ireland. This means that they keep track of important events and information from the past so that people can learn from them and understand how things have changed over time.

**Activity**: Imagine you are a historian studying the GAA. Your job is to find as many pieces of evidence as you can about the organization's history. Use the following clues to help you:

- The GAA has been around since 1884.
- They have a museum in Croke Park.
- Their logo includes a harp and a hurling stick.

**Conclusion**: By preserving historical records and archives, the GAA helps us learn about the past and understand how things have changed over time. This can help us make better decisions in the present and future.

**Glossary**
- GAA: Gaelic Athletic Association
- Preserve: to keep something safe and unchanged so that it can be used in the future
- Archive: a collection of old documents, records, or other items that are kept in a safe place

## Level 2: Middle School

**Objective**: Analyze the impact of historical events on modern society.

**Introduction**: The 1920 Bloody Sunday massacre in Croke Park was a significant event in Irish history. It occurred during a time when Ireland was fighting for independence from Britain. The massacre shocked the British public and had a lasting impact on Irish-British relations.

**Activity**: Imagine you are a journalist covering the event. Your job is to write a news article about the massacre. Use the following facts to help you:

- Nine people were killed and 20 more were injured when British soldiers opened fire on a crowd of Irish football fans at Croke Park.
- The Irish government had warned the British that the match would be a target for attack, but the British ignored the warning.
- The Irish public was outraged by the massacre, and it became a rallying point for the independence movement.

**Conclusion**: Historical events like the Bloody Sunday massacre can have a lasting impact on modern society. This event helped fuel the Irish struggle for independence and contributed to the eventual creation of the Irish Free State.

**Glossary**
- Massacre: the killing of a large number of people
- Outrage: a strong feeling of disapproval or anger
- Rallying point: something that brings people together and motivates them to take action

## Level 3: High School

**Objective**: Evaluate the significance of historical events in shaping modern society.

**Introduction**: The 1920 Bloody Sunday massacre in Croke Park was a pivotal event in Irish history. It occurred during a time when Ireland was fighting for independence from Britain, and it had a profound impact on Irish-British relations.

**Activity**: Imagine you are a historian studying the effects of the massacre on Irish-British relations. Your job is to analyze the long-term impact of the event on these relations. Use the following facts to help you:

- The massacre led to increased tension between Ireland and Britain, as the Irish public blamed the British government for the deaths of innocent civilians.
- The Irish government used the massacre as evidence of British brutality and as a rallying point for the independence movement.
- The massacre helped to galvanize support for the Irish Republican Army (IRA), which was fighting for independence.

**Conclusion**: Historical events like the Bloody Sunday massacre can have far-reaching consequences that shape modern society. In this case, the massacre contributed to the eventual creation of the Irish Free State and had a lasting impact on Irish-British relations.

**Glossary**
- Galvanize: to inspire and encourage someone to take action
- Consequences: the results or outcomes of an action or event
- Shape: to influence or affect the form or development of something


text: NEW YORK (MarketWatch) -- Crude-oil inventories climbed by 1.3 million barrels in the week ended Dec. 16, placing them well above their average range for this time of year, the Department of Energy said Wednesday. Supplies of motor gasoline fell 300,000 barrels, while distillate supplies, which include heating oil, fell by 2.8 million barrels, placing them in the lower half of their average range for this time of year. Analysts were expecting crude supplies to fall by 1 to 3 million barrels, and were forecasting a more modest drop in distillate supplies. Crude for February delivery was last trading up 46 cents at $58.55 a barrel, about 20 cents higher than their level before the data were announced.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Petroleum Supply and Demand

**Objective:** Understand the concept of petroleum supply and demand, and its impact on the economy.

**Content:**

1. What is Petroleum?
Petroleum, also known as crude oil, is a naturally occurring, yellowish-black liquid found in geological formations underground. It is composed of hydrocarbons, such as pentane, hexane, and heptane, and is used as fuel or raw material for making various chemicals.

2. What is Supply and Demand?
Supply and demand is an economic model that explains the interaction between buyers and sellers in the market. The quantity of a product that producers are willing to sell depends on the price they can get, while the quantity that consumers want to buy depends on the price they have to pay.

3. How does Supply and Demand affect Petroleum Prices?
The price of petroleum is determined by the balance between supply and demand. When demand for petroleum increases, the price goes up. Conversely, when supply increases, the price goes down. This relationship is known as the law of supply and demand.

4. Why do Petroleum Prices fluctuate?
Petroleum prices fluctuate due to several factors, including changes in supply and demand, geopolitical tensions, and production costs. For example, if there is a conflict in a major oil-producing region, the supply of petroleum may decrease, causing prices to rise. Similarly, if the cost of producing petroleum increases, the price may also increase.

5. How does the Law of Supply and Demand affect the Economy?
The law of supply and demand affects the economy in several ways. When the price of petroleum increases, it leads to higher production costs for businesses that rely on petroleum, such as transportation and manufacturing. This can lead to inflation, as businesses pass on these increased costs to consumers. On the other hand, if the price of petroleum decreases, it can lead to lower production costs, which can stimulate economic growth.

6. Practice Questions:

a) What is the relationship between supply and demand in the petroleum market?
b) How does an increase in supply affect petroleum prices?
c) What are some factors that can cause fluctuations in petroleum prices?

7. Glossary:
- Petroleum: A naturally occurring, yellowish-black liquid found in geological formations underground, composed of hydrocarbons.
- Supply and Demand: An economic model that explains the interaction between buyers and sellers in the market.
- Law of Supply and Demand: The relationship between the quantity of a product that producers are willing to sell and the quantity that consumers want to buy.

8. Conclusion:
Understanding the concept of petroleum supply and demand is essential for understanding the economy. By studying this concept, we can better understand how changes in the petroleum market can affect the overall economy.


text: Papiers Collés is a technique in art where a picture is made from pieces of paper or cardboard and glued to a support. Only paper products are used and this differs from collage in which all sorts of materials are used.. The technique was invented by Braque in 1912 and was almost immediately adopted by Picasso. Gris too made extensive use of papiers collés, and Matisse's use of cut-out paper shapes in his late work is a development of the technique.. Back to Art Dictionary - P. ArcyART.com | Site Map. © COPYRIGHT Arcy Art Original Oil Paintings, South African Art, International Art - All rights reserved

textbook:
Lesson: Techniques in Art

**Introduction:** In this lesson, we will learn about the technique of Papiers Collés in art. We will understand its history, how it differs from collage, and its significance in the world of art.

**Section 1: What is Papiers Collés?**
Papiers Collés is a technique in art where a picture is made from pieces of paper or cardboard that are glued to a support. This technique was invented by Braque in 1912 and was almost immediately adopted by Picasso. It differs from collage in that only paper products are used, whereas collage involves the use of all sorts of materials.

**Section 2: History and Significance**
The technique of Papiers Collés was first used by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso in the early 20th century. It was a significant development in the world of art, as it allowed artists to create new and innovative forms of expression. This technique was particularly popular during the Cubist movement, which aimed to break down traditional forms and representations in art.

**Section 3: Practical Examples**
One practical example of Papiers Collés can be seen in Braque's "Violon" painting. In this work, Braque has used small fragments of newspaper articles and other printed materials to create a collage-like effect on the canvas. Similarly, Picasso's "Still Life with Chair Caning" also features Papiers Collés, with the artist using various paper products to create a unique composition.

**Section 4: Critical Thinking**
Why do you think Papiers Collés became so popular during the Cubist movement? What was it about this technique that allowed artists to break away from traditional forms of expression?

**Conclusion:** In this lesson, we have learned about the technique of Papiers Collés in art. We have explored its history, significance, and practical examples. We have also engaged in critical thinking, discussing why this technique became popular during the Cubist movement. By understanding the techniques and approaches used by artists, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the art around us.


text: Thanks Paula Deen for this terrific recipe!. 8 small chicken thighs, skin removed or keep on. 3 tbsp Dijon mustard. 1 tbsp mayonnaise. 1 clove garlic, crushed. 1 lime, squeezed, and lime zest. 3/4 tsp black pepper. salt to your taste. dried parsley. Directions:. Preheat oven to 350°. Rinse the chicken and remove the skin and all fat. Pat dry; place in a large bowl and season generously with salt. In a small bowl combine Dijon, mayonnaise, lime juice, lime zest, garlic and pepper. Mix well. Pour over chicken, tossing well to coat.. Spray a large baking pan with a little Pam to prevent sticking. Place chicken in baking pan cover with foil.. Bake 45 mins. take foil off chicken place under the broiler until it is golden brown. Serve chicken with the pan juices drizzled over the top and than add dried parsley.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Cook Chicken Thighs
Introduction:
Cooking chicken thighs is a delicious and healthy way to prepare meat. In this lesson, we will learn how to cook chicken thighs using a recipe by Paula Deen. We will cover the ingredients, instructions, and techniques needed to make this dish.
Ingredients:
- 8 small chicken thighs, skin removed or kept on
- 3 tbsp Dijon mustard
- 1 tbsp mayonnaise
- 1 clove garlic, crushed
- 1 lime, squeezed, and lime zest
- 3/4 tsp black pepper
- salt to taste
- dried parsley
Instructions:
1. Preheat the oven to 350°F.
2. Rinse the chicken and remove the skin and all fat. Pat dry; place in a large bowl.
3. Season the chicken generously with salt.
4. In a small bowl, combine Dijon, mayonnaise, lime juice, lime zest, garlic, and pepper. Mix well.
5. Pour the mixture over the chicken, tossing well to coat.
6. Spray a large baking pan with a little Pam to prevent sticking.
7. Place the chicken in the baking pan and cover with foil.
8. Bake the chicken for 45 minutes.
9. Take the foil off the chicken and place it under the broiler until it is golden brown.
10. Serve the chicken with the pan juices drizzled over the top and then add dried parsley.
Techniques:
- Seasoning: Adding salt to the chicken before cooking enhances the flavor and tenderizes the meat.
- Tossing: Coating the chicken in the sauce ensures that each piece is evenly seasoned and glazed.
- Broiling: Placing the chicken under the broiler at the end of cooking adds a nice golden color and extra flavor.
Conclusion:
Cooking chicken thighs is a simple and delicious process. By following the steps in this lesson, you can create a tasty and healthy meal. Remember to season the chicken generously, toss it in the sauce, and broil it for a golden brown finish. Enjoy!


text: Dehumidifiers. TrueDRY Dehumidification Systems. Honeywell TrueDRY™ Dehumidification systems are a more effective and energy-efficient way to remove humidity. All Honeywell TrueDRY Dehumidifiers are ENERGY STAR® Rated. They can be installed "out of sight, out of mind" in the central heating and cooling system - or as standalone to remove moisture from specific problem areas. And with several sizes available, TrueDRY Dehumidification Systems, Honeywell gives you one brand for every application.. 5 Year warranty. 3 sizes to match your poject 65. 90. 120 pints per day of moisture removal. A properly dehumidified home will also feel more comfortable at a higher temperature which can save you money on your air conditioning bill.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Dehumidifiers and their Importance

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about dehumidifiers, their importance, and how they work. We will also explore the different types of dehumidifiers and their applications.

Section 1: Understanding Dehumidifiers

What is a Dehumidifier?
A dehumidifier is a device that removes moisture from the air. It works by taking in moist air and passing it over a cold coil. The moisture in the air condenses onto the coil, and the dry air is then released back into the room.

Why do we need Dehumidifiers?
Dehumidifiers are essential because they help control the level of humidity in the air. High humidity can cause mold growth, rust, and corrosion, damage furniture and documents, and make the air feel uncomfortable. By removing excess moisture from the air, dehumidifiers help create a healthier and more comfortable living environment.

Types of Dehumidifiers
There are two main types of dehumidifiers: portable and whole-house. Portable dehumidifiers are small, compact units that can be moved from room to room. Whole-house dehumidifiers are larger and are typically installed as part of the heating and cooling system.

Section 2: Understanding Moisture Removal

How does a Dehumidifier remove moisture?
A dehumidifier removes moisture from the air using a process called condensation. It works by taking in moist air and passing it over a cold coil. The moisture in the air condenses onto the coil, and the dry air is then released back into the room.

What happens to the moisture that is removed?
The moisture that is removed from the air is collected in a container, usually a bucket or a tank. This container needs to be emptied periodically so that the dehumidifier can continue to remove moisture from the air.

Section 3: Applications of Dehumidifiers

Where can Dehumidifiers be used?
Dehumidifiers can be used in many different places, including homes, offices, basements, and warehouses. They are particularly useful in damp environments, such as bathrooms and kitchens, where there is a lot of moisture in the air.

How do Dehumidifiers save money?
By removing excess moisture from the air, dehumidifiers help prevent mold growth, rust, and corrosion. These issues can be expensive to fix and can damage furniture, documents, and other belongings. By controlling the level of humidity in the air, dehumidifiers can save you money on repairs and replacements.

Glossary:
- Dehumidifier: A device that removes moisture from the air
- Humidity: The amount of water vapor in the air
- Condensation: The process of water changing from a gas to a liquid
- Coil: A series of loops that carry refrigerant in an air conditioner or heat pump
- ENERGY STAR: A U.S. government program that promotes energy efficiency

Conclusion:
In conclusion, dehumidifiers are essential in controlling the level of humidity in the air. They remove excess moisture from the air, preventing mold growth, rust, and corrosion, and making the air more comfortable. By understanding the different types of dehumidifiers and their applications, we can choose the best dehumidifier for our needs and enjoy the benefits of a healthier and more comfortable living environment.


text: I have 39 years of experience, and specialize in the field of respiratory therapy with specific knowledge in the areas of mechanical ventilation, neonatal respiratory care and respiratory education. I have testified on management of a patient with a tracheotomy. While working at the trauma center I was able to initial new styles of ventilation and teach my staff, medical residents and attending physicians how to manage patients receiving all aspects of mechanical ventilation.. Request this expert witness

textbook:
**Lesson: Introduction to Respiratory Therapy**

**Objective:** In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of respiratory therapy, including its history, the role of a respiratory therapist, and the equipment used in the field. We will also explore the different types of respiratory diseases and conditions that respiratory therapists treat.

**Section 1: Introduction to Respiratory Therapy**

- What is respiratory therapy?
- When was the first successful treatment for a respiratory disease performed?
- Who performed the first successful treatment for a respiratory disease?
- What is the role of a respiratory therapist?

**Section 2: History of Respiratory Therapy**

- When was the first successful treatment for a respiratory disease performed?
- Who performed the first successful treatment for a respiratory disease?
- How has respiratory therapy evolved over time?
- What advancements in technology have led to improvements in respiratory therapy?

**Section 3: The Role of a Respiratory Therapist**

- What does a respiratory therapist do?
- What are the different types of respiratory therapists?
- What are the different settings where respiratory therapists work?
- What are the different types of equipment used by respiratory therapists?

**Section 4: Types of Respiratory Diseases and Conditions**

- What are some common respiratory diseases and conditions?
- How do respiratory therapists treat these diseases and conditions?
- What are some examples of respiratory therapy techniques?
- How do respiratory therapists work with other healthcare professionals to treat patients?

**Conclusion:**

In conclusion, respiratory therapy is a vital field in the medical industry that focuses on treating respiratory diseases and conditions. Respiratory therapists play a crucial role in managing and treating patients with respiratory issues. By understanding the history of respiratory therapy, the role of a respiratory therapist, and the different types of respiratory diseases and conditions, we can appreciate the importance of this field and its impact on the medical industry.

**Glossary:**

- Respiratory therapy: A branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory disorders.
- Respiratory therapist: A healthcare professional who specializes in the treatment of respiratory disorders.
- Mechanical ventilation: A process that uses a machine to help a patient breathe.
- Tracheotomy: A surgical procedure that involves making an incision in the trachea.
- Ventilation: The process of supplying oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from the body.


text: trojangalFeb 8 2013, 06:58 PMI honestly don't get all the hate tweeted to the Days actors . They are just actors that are pimping their storylines . While I prefer Danloe to Dannifer I am Not going to Tweet nasty stuff to MR when she pimps Her storyline. I hate when she does it but PR is part of her job .

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Critical Thinking

## Introduction
Critical thinking is the process of evaluating information and arguments to make informed decisions. It is an essential skill that helps us understand complex situations and solve problems effectively. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of critical thinking and how to apply it in our daily lives.

## Section 1: Understanding Critical Thinking

**Theoretical Concept:** Critical thinking is the process of actively and objectively analyzing information to make informed judgments.

**Practical Example:** Imagine you are considering buying a new car. You research different models, compare prices, and read reviews from other buyers. After gathering all this information, you evaluate the pros and cons of each option and decide which car is the best fit for your needs. This is an example of critical thinking because you are actively analyzing information to make an informed decision.

**Real-World Scenario:** A politician is giving a speech about their plans for education reform. As you listen, you notice inconsistencies in their arguments and factual errors in their statements. You use critical thinking to analyze their claims and determine if they are credible or not.

## Section 2: Applying Critical Thinking

**Theoretical Concept:** To apply critical thinking, we need to ask questions, gather information, and evaluate the credibility of sources.

**Practical Example:** When reading news articles or watching TV shows, we should question the accuracy of the information presented and consider the source's credibility. We can also look for evidence to support or contradict the claims being made.

**Real-World Scenario:** When debating with friends or family members about a political issue, we should use critical thinking to evaluate the arguments being made. We can ask questions, gather evidence, and analyze the credibility of sources to determine who is right.

## Section 3: Evaluating Information

**Theoretical Concept:** We need to evaluate information based on its credibility, relevance, and accuracy.

**Practical Example:** When researching a topic, we should look for reliable sources such as academic journals, reputable news outlets, or expert opinions. We should also consider the date of publication, the author's credentials, and the quality of the evidence presented.

**Real-World Scenario:** When making purchasing decisions, we should evaluate the information provided by salespeople or product reviews. We should consider the credibility of the source, the relevance of the information, and the accuracy of the claims being made.

## Conclusion

Critical thinking is an essential skill that helps us make informed decisions and understand complex situations. By actively analyzing information, evaluating sources, and considering different perspectives, we can make better choices and improve our problem-solving abilities. By applying these skills in our daily lives, we can become more effective communicators, decision-makers, and thinkers.


text: : To. Tag: Manhattan. Gimme Your Answers: An Interview w/ SKATERS. Michael Ian Cummings, Noah Rubin, Dan Burke, and Joshua Hubbard are SKATERS, a punk-rock band based in New York. The band's highly anticipated debut record Manhattan is set for release in February, 2014. And ahead of its release, AMBY spoke with SKATERS' drummer Noah about their new single Deadbolt, Drowners,. Song of the Day: SKATERS – “Deadbolt”. New

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Music and Punk Rock

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
In this lesson, we will learn about music and punk rock. We will cover the following concepts:

1. What is music?
2. What is punk rock?
3. How do these genres relate to each other?

## Section 2: Questions and Answers
1. What is the difference between classical music and punk rock?
   - Classical music is usually more formal and structured, while punk rock is more informal and unstructured.
2. Who are some famous punk rock bands?
   - Some famous punk rock bands include The Ramones, The Clash, and Green Day.
3. What are some characteristics of punk rock music?
   - Some characteristics of punk rock music include short songs, simple chord progressions, and loud, distorted guitars.

## Section 3: Definitions and Practical Examples
1. What is a deadbolt?
   - A deadbolt is a type of lock that can only be opened from the inside or outside.
2. What is a drowner?
   - A drowner is someone who is so overwhelmed by life that they can no longer function properly.

## Section 4: Real-World Scenarios
Let's say you're a fan of punk rock music and want to start a band. How can you incorporate punk rock elements into your music?

1. Keep your songs short and to the point.
2. Use simple chord progressions that anyone can play.
3. Play your guitar loud and distorted to create a raw sound.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about music and punk rock. We covered the differences between classical music and punk rock, famous punk rock bands, and characteristics of punk rock music. We also defined some terms and discussed real-world scenarios. By understanding these concepts, we can apply them to our own musical endeavors.


text: The origins of Grey Goose vodka lie in the Cognac region of Western France.. For centuries the most respected experts in spirits distillation have practiced their craft in the region, which is renowned for its luxury foods, wines and spirits.... In its first year of production, GREY GOOSE was hailed as "The World's Best Tasting Vodka" by the Chicago Beverage Testing Institute and was also awarded a Platinum medal at the World Spirits Championship in San Francisco, California.. Manufacturer Bacardi. Country of origin France. Introduced 1997 in USA. Alcohol by volume 40.0%. Proof 80. W&M

textbook:
Lesson: How to Make a Delicious Vodka Cocktail

## Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn how to make a delicious vodka cocktail using Grey Goose vodka. We will explore the history of Grey Goose vodka, its origins in the Cognac region of Western France, and how it became one of the world's most popular vodkas.

## Section 2: History of Grey Goose Vodka
Grey Goose vodka was first produced in 1997 in the United States. It quickly gained popularity and was named "The World's Best Tasting Vodka" by the Chicago Beverage Testing Institute in its first year of production. Since then, Grey Goose has become a staple in bars and restaurants around the world and has won numerous awards for its exceptional taste.

## Section 3: Making a Delicious Vodka Cocktail
To make a delicious vodka cocktail, you will need the following ingredients:
- 1.5 oz Grey Goose vodka
- 1 oz fresh squeezed lemon juice
- 0.5 oz simple syrup
- 1 sprig of fresh mint
- ice cubes

Here are the steps to make your cocktail:
1. Fill a shaker with ice cubes.
2. Add the Grey Goose vodka, fresh squeezed lemon juice, and simple syrup to the shaker.
3. Shake the mixture until well mixed and chilled.
4. Strain the mixture into a glass filled with ice.
5. Garnish the cocktail with a sprig of fresh mint.
6. Serve and enjoy!

## Section 4: Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about the history of Grey Goose vodka and how it became one of the world's most popular vodkas. We also learned how to make a delicious vodka cocktail using Grey Goose vodka, fresh squeezed lemon juice, simple syrup, and fresh mint. By following these simple steps, you can create a refreshing and tasty cocktail that is perfect for any occasion.


text: M the label, “Hard.”. Sway then asked for a cypher, during which Murs rapped about signing to the #1 independent rap label in the world. Watch Murs on “Sway In The Morning” below where he told how impressed with the company’s progress he’s been: “Strange seems to be at the forefront of Hip Hop’s growth right now.”. Murs, Tech N9ne and Krizz Kaliko on “Sway In The Morning” (Video). A longtime collaborator and tour partner with Murs, Tech N9ne says that he admires Murs on many levels. “We signed a hardcore emcee that can give a knockout show, I’ve known and worked with Murs for years. I know that he represents everything that Strange Music is about.”. Murs Signing Video. Murs’ debut Strange Music album is slated for a Summer 2014 release. Murs will also be performing at this year’s SXSW Music Festival in Austin, Texas, March 12 and 13.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand Contracts

Introduction:
In our daily lives, we encounter various contracts, from buying groceries to renting an apartment. It is essential to understand the terms and conditions of these agreements to protect ourselves legally. This self-taught lesson will teach you how to read and understand contracts effectively.

Section 1: Understanding the Basics

Topic 1: Definition of a Contract
A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties that creates an obligation to perform or refrain from performing a specific act.

Topic 2: Importance of Reading Contracts
Reading contracts is crucial because it helps you understand your rights and responsibilities, protects you from fraud or misrepresentation, and ensures that you are not bound by hidden clauses.

Section 2: Key Components of a Contract

Topic 1: Parties Involved
The parties involved are the people or entities who sign the contract. They are usually referred to as the "promisor" and the "promisee."

Topic 2: Consideration
Consideration is the exchange of value between the parties involved. It can be money, services, goods, or any other benefit.

Topic 3: Terms and Conditions
Terms and conditions are the rules that govern the contract. They outline the expectations and limitations of both parties.

Section 3: Reading and Understanding Contracts

Topic 1: Read Carefully
Take your time when reading a contract. Pay attention to details like font size, spacing, and punctuation.

Topic 2: Look for Red Flags
Red flags are clauses that seem unfair or unreasonable. These may include non-negotiable terms, fees for early termination, or automatic renewal clauses.

Topic 3: Seek Professional Help
If you do not understand a clause or feel pressured to sign, seek legal advice from a professional.

Section 4: Practical Examples

Example 1: Renting an Apartment
Before signing a rental agreement, ensure you understand the terms and conditions, such as the rent amount, security deposit, and penalties for late payments.

Example 2: Buying Insurance
When buying insurance, read the fine print to understand what is covered and excluded from the policy.

Section 5: Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding contracts is a vital skill that can protect you legally and financially. By following the tips provided in this lesson, you can read and understand contracts effectively. Remember to always read carefully, look for red flags, and seek professional help if needed.


text: Abstract. An experimental investigation is performed of the characteristics of DC vacuum arc during the opening of contacts in an axisymmetric magnetic field with different ratios between the axial and radial components of magnetic field induction. A study is made of the main features of the dynamics of plasma glow in the contact gap during the stable and unstable stages of arcing until the arc extinction in the current range of 50 to 150 A with the voltage limited at the instant of breaking of current to a level of 8 kV. Possible mechanisms of disturbance of the vacuum arc stability in an axisymmetric magnetic field are discussed.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding Vacuum Arcs in Electrical Systems

Introduction:
Vacuum arcs occur when there is a breakdown of insulation between two electrodes in a vacuum or gas environment. This phenomenon is common in electrical systems and can lead to equipment damage, power loss, and safety hazards. In this lesson, we will explore the characteristics of vacuum arcs, their formation, and the factors that influence their stability.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is to understand the basic principles behind vacuum arcs and their impact on electrical systems. By studying the properties of vacuum arcs, we can learn how to prevent them and protect our electrical equipment from damage.

Section 1: Introduction to Vacuum Arcs

Topic 1: What is a Vacuum Arc?
A vacuum arc is an electrical discharge that occurs between two electrodes in a vacuum or gas environment. It is caused by a breakdown of insulation between the electrodes, which allows an electric current to flow between them.

Topic 2: Formation of Vacuum Arcs
Vacuum arcs form when there is a breakdown of insulation between two electrodes. This can occur due to several reasons, such as mechanical stress, thermal stress, chemical reactions, or electromagnetic radiation.

Section 2: Characteristics of Vacuum Arcs

Topic 1: Properties of Vacuum Arcs
Vacuum arcs have several unique properties that distinguish them from other types of electrical discharges. These include:

- High current density: Vacuum arcs have a high current density, meaning that a large amount of electrical current flows through a small area.
- Low voltage: Vacuum arcs typically have a low voltage, which means that they do not require a significant amount of energy to initiate.
- High temperature: Vacuum arcs generate a large amount of heat, which can cause damage to electrical equipment.
- Short duration: Vacuum arcs are usually short-lived, lasting only a few milliseconds to seconds.

Topic 2: Types of Vacuum Arcs
There are two main types of vacuum arcs: stable and unstable. Stable vacuum arcs are characterized by a continuous discharge, while unstable vacuum arcs are characterized by intermittent discharge.

Section 3: Factors Influencing Vacuum Arc Stability

Topic 1: Magnetic Fields
The presence of a magnetic field can significantly affect the stability of a vacuum arc. In general, a magnetic field can either stabilize or destabilize a vacuum arc, depending on its strength and orientation relative to the arc.

Topic 2: Gas Composition
The composition of the gas surrounding the electrodes can also influence the stability of a vacuum arc. For example, the presence of certain gases can promote the formation of an insulating layer on the electrodes, which can help prevent the formation of a vacuum arc.

Section 4: Preventing Vacuum Arcs

Topic 1: Proper Design
One of the best ways to prevent vacuum arcs is to design electrical equipment with proper insulation and protection. This includes using materials with high electrical resistivity and ensuring that the equipment is properly sealed to prevent the ingress of gases or moisture.

Topic 2: Monitoring and Protection
In addition to proper design, it is also important to monitor electrical systems for signs of vacuum arcs and take appropriate action to prevent them. This can include using sensors to detect the presence of vacuum arcs and tripping circuit breakers to interrupt the current flow.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have explored the characteristics of vacuum arcs, their formation, and the factors that influence their stability. We have also discussed ways to prevent vacuum arcs and protect electrical equipment from damage. By understanding these principles, we can ensure the safe and reliable operation of our electrical systems.

Glossary:
- Vacuum arc: An electrical discharge that occurs between two electrodes in a vacuum or gas environment.
- Insulation: A material that prevents the flow of electrical current.
- Current density: The amount of electrical current flowing through a given area.
- Voltage: The electrical potential difference between two points.
- Heat: The transfer of energy from one body to another due to a difference in temperature.
- Intermittency: The occurrence of something at irregular intervals.
- Magnetic field: A vector field that describes the force exerted by a magnet on nearby objects.
- Gas composition: The chemical makeup of a gas mixture.
- Insulating layer: A layer of material that prevents the flow of electrical current.
- Proper design: A design that is well-suited for its intended purpose.
- Monitoring: The process of observing and recording data over time.
- Protection: A measure taken to prevent harm or damage.


text: Russian model battleships.. Looking for model who is interested in photoshoot.. Russian annoy me now. so I am looking for a excellent translator. you must do it within 3 days. I prefer native Russian.. I need some graphic design... A new invention car module set of components (2 parts). Hello Looking for a Russian translator need to be translated from English to Russian. If the job done well will be work as a long time for more work. If you are not a native please don't bid. Thanks. U need to model 3d URM structure using equivalent frame approach or layered shell element in sap2000. Also u need to find static pushover curve.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Graphic Design

## Section 1: What is Graphic Design?
Graphic design is the process of creating visual compositions to communicate ideas, information, and messages through the use of images, colors, typography, and layout. It involves the creation of visual elements such as logos, websites, magazines, and packaging that are used in marketing and advertising.

## Section 2: Why is Graphic Design Important?
Graphic design is important because it helps businesses and organizations to create an identity and establish a relationship with their customers. It can also help to convey complex information in a clear and concise manner, making it easier for people to understand.

## Section 3: How does Graphic Design Work?
Graphic design works by combining art and technology to create visual elements that are both aesthetically pleasing and functional. Designers use software tools such as Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator, and InDesign to create designs that meet the needs of their clients. They also work closely with other professionals such as marketers, writers, and developers to ensure that their designs are effective and meet the desired goals.

## Section 4: Types of Graphic Design
There are several types of graphic design, including:

1. Logo design: This involves creating a unique visual representation of a company or organization.
2. Website design: This involves creating the visual elements of a website, including the layout, color scheme, and graphics.
3. Packaging design: This involves designing the packaging for products, including the labels, boxes, and bags.
4. Advertising design: This involves creating visual elements for advertisements, such as posters, flyers, and billboards.
5. Magazine design: This involves creating the layout and design of magazines, including the cover, pages, and graphics.

## Section 5: Skills Required for Graphic Design
To be successful in graphic design, individuals need to have a variety of skills, including:

1. Creativity: This involves the ability to think outside the box and come up with unique and innovative designs.
2. Communication: This involves the ability to work closely with clients to understand their needs and expectations.
3. Technical skills: This involves the ability to use software tools such as Photoshop, Illustrator, and InDesign effectively.
4. Attention to detail: This involves the ability to pay close attention to the smallest details to ensure that the final product is perfect.
5. Time management: This involves the ability to manage time effectively to meet deadlines and produce high-quality work.

## Section 6: Conclusion
Graphic design is a vital tool for businesses and organizations to communicate their message and identity to their customers. By understanding the principles of graphic design and developing the necessary skills, individuals can become successful graphic designers and make a positive impact on the world around them.


text:
American Airstrikes Destroy Group Of ISIS Military Camps In Libya

American B-2 stealth bombers destroyed a nest of ISIS military camps in Libya late Wednesday, the Pentagon said. It's the latest in a long series of American airstrikes designed to set back the progress of the terror group's efforts to spread from its home base in Iraq and Syria. Libya has been in chaos since U.S. and European militaries helped depose its onetime ruler without replacing him with a viable new government.

ROBERT SIEGEL, HOST:

The U.S. carried out airstrikes in Libya late last night. The Pentagon said it destroyed two camps of Islamic State fighters, part of a continued effort to halt the spread of the militant group. NPR's David Welna reports.

DAVID WELNA, BYLINE: In his final appearance before the Pentagon Press Corps, Defense Secretary Ash Carter announced the renewed airstrikes in Libya.

(SOUNDBITE OF PRESS CONFERENCE)

ASH CARTER: Initial estimates indicate that the airstrikes killed more than 80 ISIL fighters, many of whom had converged there after fleeing from local partner forces who had cleared Sirte last month with our help.

WELNA: Six weeks earlier at a U.S. air base in Aviano, Italy, Carter had announced with little fanfare that the U.S. had concluded its operations in Sirte, the central Libyan city some 30 miles to the north of where the airstrikes were carried out. Although those operations were billed as having successfully expelled any remaining fighters with the Islamic State, Carter warned that the U.S. could be back.

(SOUNDBITE OF PRESS CONFERENCE)

CARTER: We're always prepared to take action against those who are threatening the United States.

WELNA: To carry out the Wednesday night strikes, two B-2 Stealth Bombers flew from their base in western Missouri on a nearly 12,000-mile round trip that lasted more than 30 hours. Pentagon Spokesman Peter Cook said commanders had requested the planes for their ability to loiter over their targets.

(SOUNDBITE OF PRESS CONFERENCE)

PETER COOK: The use of the B-2 demonstrates the capability of the United States to deliver decisive, precision force through the Air Force's Global Strike Command over a great distance.

WELNA: Cook said the planes dropped around 100 precision-guided bombs on two camps.

(SOUNDBITE OF PRESS CONFERENCE)

COOK: And if there's a message sent to terrorists around the world, so be it. This was a military operation specifically targeting ISIL. And it demonstrates the capabilities of the United States, the ability for us to reach anywhere in the world and to strike a blow to terrorists who threaten us.

WELNA: Defense Secretary Carter, for his part, said some of the operatives at the camps had been involved in plotting attacks against American allies in Europe. He said the U.S. is winning the fight against the Islamic State and expressed confidence that fight will continue.

(SOUNDBITE OF PRESS CONFERENCE)

CARTER: I'm certain that the United States and our coalition and local partners will continue to build on the results we've achieved and ultimately destroy the fact and the idea of a state based on ISIL's barbaric ideology.

WELNA: Carter will relinquish his post to General James Mattis after the Senate confirms Mattis as expected tomorrow. David Welna, NPR News, Washington.

Copyright © 2017 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.

NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Importance of Mathematics in Daily Life

Introduction:
Mathematics is an essential subject that is used in various aspects of our daily lives. From simple calculations to complex problem-solving, mathematics plays a crucial role in helping us make sense of the world around us. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of mathematics in daily life and how it can be applied to real-world scenarios.

Section 1: Understanding the Role of Mathematics in Daily Life

Topic 1: How Mathematics is Used in Everyday Life
- Mathematics is used in various aspects of our daily lives, such as calculating time, distance, and money.
- It helps us make informed decisions based on data and statistics.
- Mathematics is also used in designing and building structures, such as bridges and buildings.

Topic 2: The Importance of Mathematics in Problem-Solving
- Mathematics is a powerful tool for solving problems, both big and small.
- It helps us identify patterns and relationships between different pieces of information.
- Mathematics can also be used to model real-world situations, allowing us to better understand complex systems.

Section 2: Applying Mathematics to Real-World Scenarios

Topic 1: Using Mathematics in Financial Planning
- Mathematics is essential in managing personal finances, such as budgeting and investing.
- It helps us make informed decisions about our money and plan for the future.
- Mathematics can also be used to analyze financial markets and predict trends.

Topic 2: Applying Mathematics in Science and Technology
- Mathematics is a fundamental tool for scientists and engineers.
- It helps them model complex systems and make predictions about how they will behave.
- Mathematics is also used in coding and computer programming, which are essential skills in today's digital age.

Section 3: Critical Thinking and Mathematics

Topic 1: Developing Critical Thinking Skills Through Mathematics
- Mathematics encourages critical thinking by challenging us to question assumptions and look for patterns.
- It also helps us develop logical reasoning and problem-solving abilities.
- These skills are transferable to other areas of life, such as decision-making and communication.

Topic 2: Debate and Discussion
- Mathematics can be used as a tool for debate and discussion.
- For example, we can use mathematical models to explore different scenarios and their potential outcomes.
- This can help us make informed decisions and engage in productive conversations.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, mathematics plays a vital role in our daily lives. It helps us make sense of the world around us, solve problems, and make informed decisions. By understanding the importance of mathematics, we can develop critical thinking skills and apply them to real-world scenarios. Whether it's managing personal finances or analyzing complex systems, mathematics is an essential tool for success.


text: Lunarshine Partners with Rain Advertising. 10.23.06. Lunarshine Web Design and Development of Portsmouth, New Hampshire announces their partnership with. Rain Advertising. .. "Lunarshine is very pleased to announce our partnership with Rain Advertising," says Lunarshine Founder Christopher Wilbur. "We've worked with Rain for years and now we'll be that much closer. Steve Casey and the Rain team are ready to become an all-inclusive web solution and we are thrilled to help in this regard.". "Lunarshine provides much more than our 'store-front' conveys," adds Chris. "We supply development solutions on a daily basis for clients who need anything from a quick mop-up of a mess someone else left behind to detailed, long-range executions that enable maximization of profit margins across the board.". "As Rain's development resource, we look forward to synergizing our collective expertise and continued success for all involved.". For more about Rain, please visit. .. ©2008 Lunarshine, LLC |. info@lunarshine.com. | 603.373.0642

textbook:
Lesson: Partnership and Collaboration

Introduction:
In today's business world, partnerships and collaborations are essential for success. Companies often join forces to share resources, knowledge, and expertise to achieve common goals. In this lesson, we will learn about the benefits of partnerships and collaboration, and how they can lead to success.

Section 1: Understanding Partnerships and Collaboration

Topic 1: What is a partnership?
- A partnership is a relationship between two or more individuals or organizations that work together to achieve a common goal.
- Partnerships can be formal or informal, and they can take many different forms, such as joint ventures, strategic alliances, or mergers.

Topic 2: Why are partnerships important?
- Partnerships allow companies to share resources and knowledge, which can lead to increased efficiency and productivity.
- Partnerships can also help companies expand their reach and customer base, which can lead to increased revenue and profits.
- Partnerships can provide access to new markets, technologies, and talent, which can help companies stay competitive and innovative.

Section 2: Building Successful Partnerships

Topic 1: Identifying common goals
- To build a successful partnership, both parties must have a clear understanding of their shared goals and objectives.
- These goals should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).

Topic 2: Establishing trust and communication
- Trust is essential for any successful partnership, as it allows both parties to feel confident that they are working towards the same goals.
- Open and honest communication is necessary to build trust and ensure that both parties are on the same page.

Topic 3: Sharing resources and knowledge
- Partnerships should be based on the idea that both parties bring something valuable to the table, whether it is expertise, technology, or access to new markets.
- Both parties should be willing to share their resources and knowledge to benefit the partnership as a whole.

Section 3: Examples of Successful Partnerships

Topic 1: Apple and Google
- Apple and Google are two of the most successful technology companies in the world, and they have a successful partnership that benefits both parties.
- Google pays Apple to be the default search engine on iPhones and iPads, and Apple uses Google's mapping technology in its products.

Topic 2: Coca-Cola and McDonald's
- Coca-Cola and McDonald's have been partners for over 50 years, and their partnership has helped both companies become household names.
- Coca-Cola provides beverages for McDonald's restaurants around the world, and McDonald's serves as one of Coca-Cola's largest customers.

Conclusion:
- Partnerships and collaboration are essential for success in today's business world.
- By identifying common goals, establishing trust and communication, and sharing resources and knowledge, companies can build successful partnerships that lead to increased efficiency, productivity, and profits.

Glossary:
- Partnership: A relationship between two or more individuals or organizations that work together to achieve a common goal.
- Strategic alliance: A partnership between two or more companies that agree to cooperate in some aspect of their business operations for mutual benefit.
- Merger: The combination of two or more corporations into a single entity.

Self-Debate Discussion:
- How can companies ensure that they are choosing the right partner for their business needs?
- What are some potential risks associated with partnerships and collaborations, and how can these risks be mitigated?
- In what ways can partnerships and collaboration benefit society as a whole?


text: The son of a former England star could pose a major threat to Hayes and Yeading United in the Blue Square Conference South tomorrow (Saturday).. Charlie Sheringham, son of Teddy, will be in the Welling United side that comes to Church Road for a clash between two of the league's form sides.. Welling currently sit third in the table with four wins from their opening five matches while three successive victories have seen H&Y jump to eighth spot in the division.. Sheringham, 20, has played for Millwall, Spurs, Ipswich and Crystal Palace and joined Welling this season from Cambridge City. He has bagged three goals this term and formed a prolific partnership with Ryan Martin, who is Welling's leading marskman with five goals.. The match kicks off at 3pm.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Football (Soccer)

**Section 1: The Basics**

Football, also known as soccer, is a sport played between two teams, each consisting of eleven players. The objective of the game is to score more goals than the opposing team. The game is played on a rectangular field called a pitch, which is divided into two halves by a centerline. The ball must be passed, dribbled, or shot with any part of the body except for the hands and arms.

**Section 2: Positions and Roles**

There are several positions on the field, each with its own role. The goalkeeper is responsible for preventing the other team from scoring by catching or blocking the ball. Defenders protect the goal and prevent the other team from scoring. Midfielders control the flow of the game and pass the ball to the forwards. Forwards try to score goals by kicking the ball into the net.

**Section 3: Tactics and Strategies**

Teams use various tactics and strategies to outsmart their opponents. Some common tactics include the offside trap, which involves having defenders position themselves ahead of the attacking forward to prevent them from receiving the ball, and the 4-4-2 formation, where four defenders, four midfielders, and two forwards are positioned on the field.

**Section 4: The Game**

A football match consists of two halves of 45 minutes each, with a half-time break of 15 minutes. The team that scores the most goals wins the game. If the game ends in a tie, it is said to be a draw. A team can score a goal by kicking the ball into the net or by heading the ball if it is thrown into the box by a teammate. The game is officiated by a referee, who enforces the rules and makes calls such as offsides, fouls, and penalties.

**Glossary**
- Pitch: The field where the game is played
- Halves: Two equal parts of a game
- Offside: When a forward is in the opposing team's half of the field before the ball is passed to them
- Formation: The arrangement of players on the field

**Conclusion**

Understanding the basics of football can help you appreciate the game more and even play it yourself. Whether you're watching a game or playing one, knowing the positions, tactics, and rules will make the experience more enjoyable.


text: Aurora Imaging Technology, Inc. () is a private company based in North Andover, Massachusetts committed to expanding the fight against breast cancer. We are committed to manufacturing the highest quality and most cost-effective breast MRI solution in partnership with the nation's finest breast care centers. The Aurora® 1.5T Dedicated Breast MRI with Bilateral 3-D SpiralRODEO™ provides the ultimate in the detection, diagnosis, biopsy and treatment of breast cancer available to clinicians and their patients. The Aurora System is in clinical use at a growing number of leading breast care centers.

textbook:
**Lesson: Understanding Private Companies**

**Objective:** To understand the concept of private companies and their role in society.

**Introduction:** A private company is a business entity that is owned by one or more individuals or entities. Unlike public companies, which are owned by shareholders and trade on stock exchanges, private companies do not offer shares to the general public. They are typically smaller in size and operate on a more localized scale. In this lesson, we will explore the characteristics of private companies and their role in society.

**Main Topic:** Private Companies

**Theoretical Concept:** A private company is a business entity that is owned by one or more individuals or entities. It is not owned by shareholders and does not trade on stock exchanges.

**Practical Example:** Aurora Imaging Technology, Inc. is a private company based in North Andover, Massachusetts. It is committed to expanding the fight against breast cancer by manufacturing the highest quality and most cost-effective breast MRI solution in partnership with the nation's finest breast care centers.

**Definition of Purpose:** Private companies play an important role in society by providing goods and services to consumers, creating jobs, and contributing to the local economy.

**Sub-Topic:** Characteristics of Private Companies

**Theoretical Concept:** Private companies have several characteristics that distinguish them from public companies. These include:

1. Ownership: Private companies are owned by one or more individuals or entities, whereas public companies are owned by shareholders who buy and sell shares on stock exchanges.
2. Size: Private companies are typically smaller in size and operate on a more localized scale, whereas public companies are often larger and operate on a global scale.
3. Accessibility: Private companies are not required to disclose financial information to the public, whereas public companies must do so in order to maintain their status as a publicly traded company.
4. Liquidity: Private companies are not subject to the same liquidity constraints as public companies, meaning that it is easier for them to raise capital without going public.

**Practical Example:** Aurora Imaging Technology, Inc. is a private company, which means that it is owned by one or more individuals or entities. This allows the company to operate on a more localized scale and focus on its mission of expanding the fight against breast cancer.

**Sub-Topic:** Role of Private Companies in Society

**Theoretical Concept:** Private companies play an important role in society by providing goods and services to consumers, creating jobs, and contributing to the local economy.

**Practical Example:** Aurora Imaging Technology, Inc. is a private company that provides a valuable service to the community by manufacturing the highest quality and most cost-effective breast MRI solution in partnership with the nation's finest breast care centers. By doing so, the company contributes to the fight against breast cancer and helps improve the lives of those affected by the disease.

**Conclusion:** Private companies play an important role in society by providing goods and services to consumers, creating jobs, and contributing to the local economy. By understanding the characteristics of private companies and their role in society, we can appreciate the value that they bring to our communities.


text:
Top: The formation of a virtual image using a diverging lens. Bottom: The formation of a virtual image using a convex mirror. In both diagrams, f is the focal point, O is the object and I is the image, shown in grey. Solid blue lines indicate light rays. It can be seen that the light rays appear to emanate from the virtual image but do not actually exist at the position of the virtual image. Thus an image cannot be seen by placing a screen at the position of the virtual image.

In optics, a virtual image is an image formed when the outgoing rays from a point on an object always diverge. The image appears to be located at the point of apparent divergence. Because the rays never really converge, a virtual image cannot be projected onto a screen. In diagrams of optical systems, virtual rays are conventionally represented by dotted lines. Virtual images are located by tracing the real rays that emerge from an optical device (lens, mirror, or some combination) backward to a perceived point of origin.

In contrast, a real image is one that is formed when the outgoing rays from a point converge at real location. Real images can be projected onto diffuse reflecting screen, but a screen is not necessary for the image to form.[1]

A plane mirror forms a virtual image positioned behind the mirror. Although the rays of light seem to come from behind the mirror, light from the source only exists in front of the mirror. The image exists in a space that is not real in a sense. The image in a plane mirror is not magnified (that is, the image is the same size as the object) and appears to be as far behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror.

Whenever we look through a diverging lens (one that is thicker at the edges than the middle) or into a convex mirror, we see a virtual image. Such an image is reduced in size when compared to the original object. A converging lens (one that is thicker in the middle than at the edges) and concave mirror are also capable of producing virtual images if the object is within the focal length. Such an image will be magnified. In contrast, an object placed in front of a converging lens or concave mirror at a position beyond the focal length would produce a real image. Such an image may be magnified or reduced depending on the position of the object.

textbook:
Lesson: Optics - Virtual Images

## Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn about virtual images, which are images that appear to be located at a certain point but cannot be projected onto a screen. We will cover the following topics:

1. What is a virtual image?
2. How are virtual images formed?
3. Why can't we see a virtual image?
4. Practical applications of virtual images

## What is a virtual image?

A virtual image is an image that appears to be located at a certain point but does not exist at that location. It is formed by the reflection or refraction of light rays.

## How are virtual images formed?

Virtual images are formed by the reflection or refraction of light rays. When light rays strike a surface, they can either be reflected or refracted. If the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, the light rays will be refracted away from the normal. This is known as a converging lens. Conversely, if the angle of incidence is less than the critical angle, the light rays will be refracted towards the normal. This is known as a diverging lens.

When light rays pass through a diverging lens, they are refracted towards the normal. This causes the light rays to converge at a point behind the lens, known as the focal point. However, the light rays do not actually exist at the position of the virtual image. Thus, an image cannot be seen by placing a screen at the position of the virtual image.

## Why can't we see a virtual image?

We cannot see a virtual image because the light rays that form the image do not actually exist at the position of the virtual image. They only appear to emanate from that point. Therefore, a virtual image cannot be projected onto a screen.

## Practical applications of virtual images

Virtual images have many practical applications, including:

1. Microscopes and telescopes: Both microscopes and telescopes use lenses to form virtual images. In a microscope, the objective lens forms a virtual image of the specimen, which is then magnified by the eyepiece lens. In a telescope, the objective lens forms a virtual image of the celestial body being observed, which is then magnified by the eyepiece lens.

2. Camera: A camera uses a lens to form a virtual image of the scene being photographed. The image is then recorded on film or a digital sensor.

3. Binoculars: Binoculars use lenses to form virtual images of the objects being observed. The images are then combined and magnified by the eyepieces, allowing the user to see the objects in greater detail.

4. Lasers: Lasers use virtual images to create holograms. A laser beam is split into two beams, which then travel along different paths and recombine to create an interference pattern. This interference pattern forms a virtual image of the object being illuminated by the laser.

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about virtual images, which are images that appear to be located at a certain point but cannot be projected onto a screen. We covered the formation of virtual images, why we cannot see them, and their practical applications. By understanding virtual images, we can better understand how optical devices such as microscopes, telescopes, cameras, and binoculars work.


text: The Russian government has confirmed the international status of all Russian seaports including the Republic of Crimea according to a report by Russian news agency ITAR – TASS.. Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev commented on the signing of the decree noting, “some of the documents that were previously confirmed by opening of seaports for international communications as either obsolete or in some cases simply been lost, and this discrepancy led to the relevant legal delays.”. “Boundary and customs procedures for arriving of foreign ships will be much easier. Now you do not need any additional permits and approvals, and the ports themselves will be able to work in a more vigorous manner, in full force,” said the prime minister.. Deputy Prime Minister Arkady Dvorkovich added that over the past 25 years, “our ports existed de jure without completely certain status, although de facto they were open to the entry of foreign ships.”

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding International Trade and Customs Procedures

Introduction:
International trade is an essential part of the global economy, allowing countries to exchange goods and services with each other. However, this exchange requires strict adherence to customs procedures to ensure that goods are legally imported or exported. In this lesson, we will learn about international trade, customs procedures, and the role of seaports in facilitating these processes.

Section 1: Understanding International Trade

Topic 1: Definition of International Trade
International trade refers to the exchange of goods and services between countries. This exchange can take place through imports and exports, where a country buys goods from another country (imports) and sells goods to another country (exports).

Topic 2: Benefits of International Trade
There are several benefits of international trade, including:
- Increased access to goods and services
- Lower prices due to competition
- Access to new markets
- Opportunities for economic growth

Section 2: Customs Procedures

Topic 1: What are Customs Procedures?
Customs procedures refer to the rules and processes that govern the import and export of goods between countries. These procedures are necessary to ensure that goods are legally imported or exported and to collect duties and taxes.

Topic 2: Importance of Customs Procedures
Customs procedures are crucial because they help to regulate international trade and prevent the smuggling of goods. They also help to ensure that goods are safe and meet certain standards.

Section 3: Role of Seaports in International Trade

Topic 1: What is a Seaport?
A seaport is a place where ships can dock to load and unload goods. Seaports play a critical role in international trade because they allow goods to be transported from one country to another.

Topic 2: Importance of Seaports in International Trade
Seaports are essential in international trade because they provide a means of transportation for goods. They also serve as a hub for customs procedures, where goods are inspected and cleared for import or export.

Section 4: Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding international trade and customs procedures is essential for anyone interested in global commerce. By learning about the role of seaports in international trade, we can better understand the complex processes involved in importing and exporting goods. This knowledge can be applied to various scenarios, such as working in the shipping industry or starting a business that involves importing or exporting goods.