text:
Whitepaper offers guidance on choosing the right disinfectant

A new whitepaper, "Researching the Right Disinfectant for Your Facility: Without Damaging Instruments or Surfaces," is available on the Infection Control Todaywebsite.

The paper includes information about surface compatibility when selecting disinfectants, as well as the duration of pathogens on inanimate surfaces.

It also provides a review of the basics of bacterial multiplication on contaminated surfaces.

More effective decontamination of hands, surfaces and items in healthcare facilities is becoming an important focus for healthcare institutions, which are also turning to much more frequent decontamination efforts to address continuous microbial deposition and accumulation, according to the site.

textbook:
Lesson: Choosing the Right Disinfectant for Your Facility

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of choosing the right disinfectant for your facility without damaging instruments or surfaces. We will cover the factors to consider when selecting a disinfectant, the basics of bacterial multiplication on contaminated surfaces, and the benefits of more effective decontamination in healthcare facilities.

Section 1: Factors to Consider When Selecting a Disinfectant

Topic 1: Surface Compatibility
- A disinfectant should be compatible with the surfaces it will be used on. Some disinfectants may damage certain materials, so it is essential to choose one that is safe for the surfaces in your facility.
- Test the disinfectant on a small area of the surface before using it on a larger scale to ensure it does not cause any damage.

Topic 2: Pathogen Duration on Inanimate Surfaces
- The duration of pathogens on inanimate surfaces can vary depending on the type of pathogen and the surface material.
- Some pathogens can survive on surfaces for hours or even days, while others may only survive for minutes.
- Knowing the duration of pathogens on inanimate surfaces can help you determine the appropriate disinfectant and decontamination process for your facility.

Section 2: Basics of Bacterial Multiplication on Contaminated Surfaces

Topic 1: The Importance of Decontamination
- Decontamination is the process of removing or inactivating pathogens from surfaces to prevent the spread of infection.
- Proper decontamination can reduce the risk of infection in healthcare facilities and other high-risk areas.

Topic 2: The Decontamination Process
- The decontamination process involves several steps, including cleaning, disinfecting, and sterilizing.
- Cleaning removes dirt and debris from surfaces, while disinfecting kills or inactivates pathogens. Sterilizing goes a step further by destroying all forms of life, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
- The appropriate decontamination process depends on the type of surface and the level of contamination.

Section 3: Benefits of More Effective Decontamination in Healthcare Facilities

Topic 1: Reduced Risk of Infection
- More effective decontamination can reduce the risk of infection in healthcare facilities by eliminating pathogens on surfaces and instruments.
- This can lead to improved patient outcomes and a safer environment for both patients and healthcare workers.

Topic 2: Continuous Microbial Deposition and Accumulation
- Continuous microbial deposition and accumulation occur when pathogens build up on surfaces over time.
- More frequent decontamination efforts can help address this issue and reduce the risk of infection.

Conclusion:
Choosing the right disinfectant and implementing more effective decontamination efforts can greatly improve the safety and health of individuals in healthcare facilities and other high-risk areas. By considering surface compatibility, pathogen duration, and the basics of bacterial multiplication on contaminated surfaces, you can make informed decisions about the best disinfectant for your facility. Additionally, understanding the benefits of more effective decontamination can help you prioritize this important process in your facility.

Glossary:
- Disinfectant: A substance that is used on inanimate objects to destroy or inhibit the growth of germs on surfaces.
- Decontamination: The process of removing or inactivating pathogens from surfaces to prevent the spread of infection.
- Pathogen: Any organism that can cause disease or illness, such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi.

Self-Debate Discussion:
- How often do you think healthcare facilities should conduct decontamination efforts? Why?
- What factors should be considered when selecting a disinfectant for a specific surface material?


text: Al Zacharia, apartment broker extraordinaire. I wasn’t just paying him for 30 minutes of his time — I was saving weeks of mine.. classic argument. i’m very much a fan of this. i have no problem paying for something that gives me exactly what i want and need. isn’t that why currency exists in the first place? it’s your fault if you don’t use it to maximize the one thing you can never get more of: time.. recently - everything, in my head, is coming back to a few key words: authority, direction, curation, editing and value.. too many people are missing the point that amazing value might come in a package that, quite simply, saves me time.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: The Value of Time Management

Introduction:
Time management is an essential skill that everyone should learn. It is the process of organizing and planning how to divide your time between different activities. In today's fast-paced world, time management has become even more crucial as we are constantly bombarded with tasks and responsibilities. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of time management and how it can help us lead a more efficient and productive life.

Section 1: Understanding the Importance of Time Management

Topic 1: Time is Limited
One of the most significant aspects of time management is that time is limited. We only have a certain amount of time in our day, week, month, and year. Once it's gone, it's gone forever. Therefore, it's essential to make the most of the time we have.

Topic 2: Time Equals Money
Another critical aspect of time management is that time equals money. Our time is valuable, and we should treat it as such. When we waste our time, we are essentially wasting our money. Therefore, it's essential to prioritize our tasks and use our time wisely.

Topic 3: Time Management Leads to Success
Time management is a vital skill that successful people possess. By managing our time effectively, we can achieve more in a day, leading to greater success in our personal and professional lives.

Questions and Answers:
1. Why is time management important?
Answer: Time management is essential because it helps us make the most of the time we have. It allows us to prioritize our tasks, leading to increased productivity and efficiency.

2. What are the consequences of not managing our time effectively?
Answer: Not managing our time effectively can lead to stress, anxiety, and decreased productivity. We may feel overwhelmed by our tasks and find it challenging to accomplish everything we need to do.

Section 2: Time Management Techniques

Topic 1: Prioritization
Prioritization is a crucial time management technique. It involves identifying the most important tasks and completing them first. This ensures that we focus on the most critical tasks and avoid wasting time on less important ones.

Topic 2: The Pomodoro Technique
The Pomodoro Technique involves breaking down our workday into 25-minute intervals, separated by short breaks. This technique helps us maintain focus and avoid burnout while still being productive.

Topic 3: Time Blocking
Time blocking involves scheduling specific blocks of time for specific tasks. This technique helps us stay on track and avoid distractions.

Questions and Answers:
1. What is prioritization in time management?
Answer: Prioritization is a time management technique that involves identifying the most important tasks and completing them first.

2. What is the Pomodoro Technique?
Answer: The Pomodoro Technique is a time management method that breaks down work into 25-minute intervals, separated by short breaks.

3. What is time blocking?
Answer: Time blocking is a time management technique that involves scheduling specific blocks of time for specific tasks.

Section 3: Real-World Examples

Topic 1: A Student's Perspective
A student must manage their time effectively to balance their academic and social lives. They can use time management techniques like prioritization to ensure they complete their assignments on time while also making time for extracurricular activities and socializing.

Topic 2: A Working Professional
A working professional must manage their time effectively to meet deadlines and maintain work-life balance. They can use time management techniques like time blocking to ensure they complete their work on time while also making time for family and personal hobbies.

Questions and Answers:
1. How can a student use time management techniques to balance their academic and social lives?
Answer: A student can use time management techniques like prioritization to ensure they complete their assignments on time while also making time for extracurricular activities and socializing.

2. How can a working professional use time management techniques to maintain work-life balance?
Answer: A working professional can use time management techniques like time blocking to ensure they complete their work on time while also making time for family and personal hobbies.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, time management is an essential skill that everyone should learn. By prioritizing our tasks and using effective time management techniques, we can lead more efficient and productive lives. Remember to always prioritize your tasks, use time blocking, and break down your work into manageable intervals. Time management is the key to unlocking our potential and achieving our goals.


text:
Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Orkney

Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Orkney and Lord of Zetland (Shetland) (spring of 1533 – 4 February 1593) was a recognized illegitimate son of James V, King of Scotland, and his mistress Eupheme Elphinstone. Robert Stewart was half-brother to Mary, Queen of Scots and uncle to James VI and I of Scotland and England.

Biography
In 1539 Robert was made Commendator of Holyrood Abbey, and Commendator of Charlieu Abbey in France by 1557. On 9 February 1560 he testified against the Hamilton Duke of Châtellerault and Earl of Arran, and the Protestant Lords of the Congregation to James MacGill and John Bellenden of Auchnoule. They were collecting evidence for Henri Cleutin and Jacques de la Brosse, the French advisors of his step-mother Mary of Guise who planned to have the Hamiltons charged with treason against his half-sister, Mary, Queen of Scots and France. Robert himself had signed some of the letters that were to be cited as evidence.

He was knighted as Sir Robert Stewart of Strathdon on 15 May 1565, as part of marriage celebrations of Mary, Queen of Scots and Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. In 1581 he was named, by James VI, the 1st Earl in a second creation of the Earldom of Orkney. The new earldom replaced a short-lived Dukedom of Orkney, which had been awarded in 1567 by Mary, Queen of Scots, to her notorious third husband James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell. This dukedom was forfeit later that same year after Mary was forced to abdicate and Bothwell was charged with treason. Prior to this dukedom there had existed an Earldom of Orkney that was surrendered in 1470 by William Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Orkney.

Mary wrote a will at Sheffield in 1577 ineffectually declaring his title to Orkney null and void, after Robert was imprisoned in 1575 for obtaining a letter from the King of Denmark declaring him sovereign of Orkney. His crimes included colluding with Shetland pirates. The Earl was imprisoned at Linlithgow Palace. He was released in 1579. He built the Palace of Birsay on Orkney. On his death in 1593 the earldom passed to his son Patrick Stewart, 2nd Earl of Orkney.

Family

On 14 December 1561 Robert Stewart married Jean Kennedy, daughter of Gilbert Kennedy, 3rd Earl of Cassilis, and Margaret Kennedy.  They had several children:

 Mary, who married Patrick Gray, 6th Lord Gray (b. late 1562)
 Jean, who married Patrick Leslie, 1st Lord Lindores (b. 1563?)
 Henry, who became Master of Orkney (b. February 1565 - 1590)
 Patrick, who inherited the title Earl of Orkney and married Margaret Livingstone (1565/66 - 6 February 1615)
 John Stewart, who became Earl of Carrick and married Elizabeth Howard
 Robert, was knighted and known as Sir Robert Stewart of Middleton
 James, was knighted and known as Sir James Stewart of Eday and Tullos, and married Margaret Lyon
 Elizabeth, who married James Sinclair of Murkle in Caithness (becoming the mother-in-law of John MacKay, Laird of Strathy in Strathnaver)
 Barbara, who married Hugh Halcro of Halcro

Robert Stewart also had a number of illegitimate children with several mistresses.

Notes

Category:1533 births
Category:1593 deaths
Category:Earls of Orkney
Robert
Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Orkney
Category:People associated with Shetland
Category:People associated with Orkney
Category:16th-century Scottish people
Category:Court of James V of Scotland
Category:Scottish princes
Orkney

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Algebra

Algebra is a branch of mathematics that uses symbols, letters, and operations to represent and solve mathematical problems. It is an essential tool for understanding and solving real-world problems, such as calculating distances, areas, volumes, and more. In this lesson, we will introduce the basic concepts of algebra, including variables, constants, and equations.

Section 1: Variables and Constants

Variables are letters or symbols that represent unknown values in an equation. They can take on any value because they are not specified. For example, x, y, and z are all variables. Constants, on the other hand, are fixed values that do not change. Examples of constants include 2, 3, π, and -7.

Section 2: Equations

An equation is a statement that two expressions are equal. It is written as "=" and is used to solve problems involving variables and constants. For example, 2x + 3 = 11 is an equation that involves a variable (x) and a constant (3).

Section 3: Solving Equations

To solve an equation, we need to find the value of the variable that makes the equation true. This is called the solution. We can use different methods to solve equations, such as substitution, elimination, and graphing.

Section 4: Practical Examples

Let's solve some practical examples using algebraic concepts:

Example 1: A farmer has 100 meters of fencing. He wants to create a rectangular garden. Let x represent the length of the garden and y represent the width of the garden. What are the possible dimensions of the garden?

Solution: We can write an equation to represent the problem: x + y = 100. We need to find the dimensions of the garden that make the equation true. We can solve for y: y = 100 - x. The possible dimensions of the garden are any values of x and y that satisfy this equation.

Example 2: A student has 5 apples. Her friend gives her 3 more apples. How many apples does she have now?

Solution: Let x represent the number of apples the student has initially. We can write an equation: x + 3 = 5. Solving for x, we get x = 2. Therefore, the student has 2 apples initially and 5 apples after her friend gives her 3 more apples.

Conclusion

Algebra is a powerful tool for solving real-world problems. By understanding variables, constants, and equations, we can represent and solve problems involving quantities, areas, and more. As we continue our study of algebra, we will learn more advanced concepts and techniques to help us solve complex problems.


text:
The delivery of biologically active components that are susceptible to moisture or are otherwise compromised by environmental factors has been a continuous problem for those presented with the challenge of formulating such components in a stable product. Indeed, a variety of mechanisms have been proposed, for example, encapsulation of hygroscopic materials or inclusion of agents such as dessicants. However, these mechanisms on their own may not always be suitable or effective for use.
Even further, many components are desirable for delivery to specific locations in the mammalian system, for example, the jejunem, ileum, or other locations in the intestinal tract. Such components are often enterically coated for targeted intestinal delivery and prevention of degradation in acidic environments such as the stomach. However, such enteric coatings may not be effective in preventing moisture from affecting, or coming in contact with, the susceptible component.
For example, it has recently been reported that certain probiotic components that are isolated from healthy gastrointestinal tracts are useful for treating inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome. Indeed, successful delivery of such components to the inflamed portions of the gastrointestinal tract, for example the intestines, is likely to be an important advance in treating these conditions. However, oral administration of such components has proven challenging, as such probiotic components necessarily pass through non-native locations of the gastrointestinal tract, for example the acidic environment of the stomach, where the probiotic components can be quickly degraded. Moreover, the shelf stability of such components, perhaps primarily due to susceptibility to moisture, may not be suitable or practical for product manufacturers.
As a result, there is a continuing need for compositions that are useful for maintaining the integrity of susceptible probiotics and other components such as vitamins and certain other sensitive biologically active agents. Surprisingly, the present inventors have discovered compositions which are suitable for effective delivery of one or more of such susceptible components. The inventors have discovered that compositions comprising at least two layers surrounding the core which contains the component, wherein the layers are an enteric layer and a hydrophobic layer, respectively, provide surprisingly optimized stability. Such compositions are suitable for use with susceptible components such as probiotics, even wherein an extended shelf life is necessary for commercial delivery. These and other benefits of the present invention are described herein below.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Formulate Stable Products for Targeted Delivery of Biologically Active Components

Introduction:
The delivery of biologically active components is crucial in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food. However, formulating these components into stable products that can reach specific locations within the body without degradation can be challenging. This lesson will teach you how to overcome these challenges and formulate stable products for targeted delivery of biologically active components.

Section 1: Understanding the Problem
- The challenge of formulating stable products for targeted delivery of biologically active components
- The importance of maintaining the integrity of the components during transit through the body
- The need for appropriate mechanisms to protect the components from moisture and environmental factors

Section 2: Mechanisms for Stable Product Formulation
- Encapsulation of hygroscopic materials
- Inclusion of agents such as dessicants
- Enteric coatings for targeted intestinal delivery and prevention of degradation in acidic environments

Section 3: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios
- Case study: Developing a stable product for targeted delivery of a biologically active component to the jejunem and ileum
- Considerations for selecting the appropriate mechanism for formulation
- Evaluating the effectiveness of the formulation in maintaining the integrity of the components

Section 4: Critical Thinking and Problem Solving
- Analyzing the limitations of each mechanism and determining the most suitable option for a specific application
- Identifying potential issues that may arise during the formulation process and developing strategies to address them
- Evaluating the impact of different formulation choices on the stability, efficacy, and safety of the product

Glossary:
- Hygroscopic materials: substances that absorb moisture from the environment
- Dessicants: agents that absorb moisture to prevent degradation
- Enteric coatings: materials applied to a drug to protect it from the acidic environment of the stomach

Conclusion:
By understanding the challenges associated with formulating stable products for targeted delivery of biologically active components, you can develop effective strategies for overcoming these challenges. By applying the principles learned in this lesson, you can develop innovative solutions for a wide range of applications in various industries.


text: PREMIUM STUDIO APARTMENT. - Room Size: 32 m2. - Sleeps: 2 Guests. - Bed types: Queen. The premium studio apartments have been created with the business traveller in mind offering apartment style inclusions in a studio room. The accommodation includes a queen bed, large en suite, kitchenette, business desk, large digital TV, complimentary in-room wi-fi, private balcony (available to most) and complimentary access to the business lounge centre. Accommodates 2 guests.View gallery

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Apartment Accommodations

**Introduction:**
In this lesson, we will learn about different types of apartment accommodations and their features. We will cover topics such as room size, sleeping arrangements, amenities, and more. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand and compare different types of apartment accommodations to find the best fit for your needs.

**Section 1: Types of Apartment Accommodations**
There are several types of apartment accommodations available, each with its own unique features and amenities. Some common types include:

- Studio Apartments: These are small apartments that typically include a single room with a kitchenette and bathroom. They are usually designed for one person and may have a queen-sized bed or a sofa bed.

- One-Bedroom Apartments: These are larger than studio apartments and usually include a separate bedroom, living room, and kitchen. They may accommodate two people comfortably and often have additional amenities such as a dishwasher or washer/dryer.

- Two-Bedroom Apartments: These are even larger than one-bedroom apartments and usually include two bedrooms, a living room, and a kitchen. They may accommodate four people comfortably and often have additional amenities such as a dishwasher, washer/dryer, or balcony.

**Section 2: Understanding Amenities**
When comparing different types of apartment accommodations, it's important to consider the amenities included. Some common amenities include:

- Kitchenette: This is a small kitchen with a refrigerator, microwave, and sink. It may also include a hotplate, toaster, or coffee maker.

- Bathroom: This is a private bathroom with a shower or bathtub.

- Balcony: This is an outdoor space with a table and chairs.

- Business Centre: This is a workspace with a computer, printer, and internet access.

- Wi-Fi: This is internet access provided free of charge.

- TV: This is a television with cable or satellite channels.

**Section 3: Comparing Apartment Accommodations**
Now that we understand the different types of apartment accommodations and their amenities, let's compare them.

- **Studio Apartments vs. One-Bedroom Apartments:**
Studio apartments are smaller and usually have fewer amenities than one-bedroom apartments. However, they may be more affordable and easier to find in urban areas. One-bedroom apartments are larger and usually have more amenities such as a dishwasher or washer/dryer.

- **One-Bedroom Apartments vs. Two-Bedroom Apartments:**
One-bedroom apartments are smaller and may not have as many amenities as two-bedroom apartments. However, they may be more affordable and easier to find in urban areas. Two-bedroom apartments are larger and usually have more amenities such as a dishwasher, washer/dryer, or balcony.

**Conclusion:**
Understanding the different types of apartment accommodations and their features is essential when booking travel. By considering room size, sleeping arrangements, amenities, and other factors, you can find the perfect apartment accommodation for your needs.


text: Asked on CNN’s State of the Union if he has been a successful leader, House Speaker John Boehner pointed to the elimination of earmarks in the legislative process as a key accomplishment.. “No earmarks. Who can imagine?” he said. “We've been through 16 months now, with not one earmark. It’s made my job a lot more difficult in terms of how to pass important legislation because there’s no grease. I've got no grease.”. He called the system “a more open process,” adding that, “One of my major goals is to rebuild this institution.”

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Political Processes

Introduction:
Political processes are the ways in which decisions are made in a society or country. These processes involve various actors such as politicians, bureaucrats, and citizens who work together to make decisions that affect their lives. In this lesson, we will learn about the political process, its actors, and how they interact to make decisions.

Section 1: Understanding the Political Process

Topic 1: What is the Political Process?

The political process refers to the methods and systems by which governments make decisions. This includes the creation of laws, the allocation of resources, and the distribution of power. The political process is complex and involves many different actors working together to achieve common goals.

Topic 2: Who are the Actors in the Political Process?

There are several actors involved in the political process, including politicians, bureaucrats, and citizens. Politicians are elected officials who represent their constituents and make decisions on their behalf. Bureaucrats are government employees who implement the policies made by politicians. Citizens are individuals who vote for politicians and participate in the democratic process.

Topic 3: How do Actors Interact in the Political Process?

Actors in the political process interact in various ways. Politicians make decisions on behalf of their constituents, while bureaucrats implement these decisions. Citizens vote for politicians and participate in the democratic process by voicing their opinions and ideas. The interaction between these actors is essential for the functioning of a democratic society.

Section 2: Understanding the Role of Earmarks in the Political Process

Topic 1: What are Earmarks?

Earmarks are provisions added to legislation that direct specific projects or programs to particular locations. They are often used to bring home funding for projects that benefit a particular district or state.

Topic 2: Why are Earmarks Controversial?

Earmarks are controversial because they are often seen as a way for politicians to bring home pork barrel spending to their districts. Critics argue that this type of spending is wasteful and unfair to taxpayers who must foot the bill for projects they may not support.

Topic 3: How have Earmarks Changed the Political Process?

Earmarks have changed the political process by making it more difficult for politicians to pass legislation. Without earmarks, it is harder to get members of Congress to vote for a bill, as they have less incentive to do so.

Section 3: Applying Skills Gained from this Topic to New Problems

In this lesson, we have learned about the political process, its actors, and how they interact. We have also explored the role of earmarks in the political process and why they are controversial. By understanding these concepts, we can apply our skills to new problems and make informed decisions about how our government works.

Glossary:
- Political Process: The methods and systems by which governments make decisions.
- Actors: Individuals or groups who play a role in the political process.
- Earmarks: Provisions added to legislation that direct specific projects or programs to particular locations.

Conclusion:
By understanding the political process and its actors, we can make informed decisions about how our government works. By applying the skills gained from this lesson, we can analyze new problems and make informed decisions about how to solve them.


text:
Punk Chef

Scott Garthwaite (born January 22, 1980) also known by his chef name Punk Chef is a celebrity deaf chef, television presenter and social media entertainer from the North East of England, United Kingdom. He is also known for his on-screen personality with flamboyant vibrant hot pink hairstyle working for BSL Zone and BBC cooking programmes.

Early life
Garthwaite was born and raised in Hartlepool in the North East of England. He was born hearing and at the age of 2 as he was diagnosed with meningitis that turned him deaf. He left his Deaf school in Middlesbrough with seven GCSE qualifications. Garthwaite learned his culinary trade in 2003 after living temporarily in Jordan. He enrolled at Hartlepool College of Further Education then went on to completed a Degree in Culinary and Patisseries Art from Newcastle College in partnership with Leeds Metropolitan University.

Career
Garthwaite started his first job at Rockliffe Hall in Hurworth, Darlington under a Michelin star chef then later he went on to work at Truffle Restaurant in Darlington. While he was studying for his degree as he began to make videos blogs in British Sign Language for social media for the deaf community and he was noticed by Flashing Lights, a deaf led production company, who then created the Punk Chef  TV cooking series for the deaf community. Garthwaite went on to make 9 programmes for BSL Zone which include Punk Chef's Kids Challenge. He said "The programme aims to show the deaf community how easy it is to make simple and tasty meals and that their disability should not be seen as a barrier to learning a new skill, the fact that I’m deaf myself means that I’m able to relate to deaf people on a much more personal level, making it easier to guide them through the cooking process. Chefs like Jamie Oliver, Gordon Ramsay and Heston Blumenthal have been inspiring people to improve their cooking habits for years, so it’s great to be able to do the same for the Deaf community".

On 3 December 2015 Garthwaite made an Christmas appearance on BBC Two's See Hear.

On November 2017 BSL Zone's Up For It kids programme which is produced by Blue Marlin Television, ITV Signpost and Mutt & Jeff for BSLBT invited Punk Chef to appear on one of their series as he meet a young Deaf chef in a kids TV programme.

Football
Garthwaite is the manager of Sunderland Deaf Association Football Club, a community football club under Sunderland AFC's charity the Foundation of Light. He became the first deaf manager in the history of North East to win the England Deaf Football League and Cup double also the first manager to bring home the England Deaf Football Challenge Cup to the North East for the first time in its history

Awards
In recognition of his work, Garthwaite was awarded the North East regional Sound Barrier Stars top award for his culinary talent and inspiration to his community for his work on screen as Punk Chef in 2013, also he was selected to compete in the finals to representing England at International Gastronomy Deaf Culinary Event in Copenhagen, Denmark as part of an eight-man shortlist in 2014, then the following year 2015 he was selected once again and he was awarded the second place at the International Gastronomy Deaf Culinary Event after walking away empty-handed in 2014.

Television

References

Category:1980 births
Category:Living people
Category:Deaf television presenters
Category:English television chefs
Category:English chefs
Category:Deaf people from England

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Learning

Introduction:
Learning is an essential part of human life. It helps us to acquire knowledge, skills, and values that we need to navigate through life. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of learning and how it can benefit us in various aspects of our lives.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is that learning is a lifelong process that helps us grow and develop as individuals.

Section 1: Why is learning important?

Topic 1: Personal Growth
Learning helps us to grow and develop as individuals. It allows us to expand our knowledge, skills, and abilities, which in turn helps us to become better versions of ourselves.

Topic 2: Career Advancement
Learning is essential for career advancement. It helps us to acquire new skills and knowledge that are necessary for professional development. This can lead to better job opportunities and higher salaries.

Topic 3: Social Connection
Learning helps us to connect with others. It enables us to engage in meaningful conversations and share our knowledge and experiences with others. This can help us to build strong relationships and a sense of community.

Section 2: How does learning benefit us?

Topic 1: Improved Cognitive Function
Learning helps to improve our cognitive function. It stimulates our brain and improves our memory, concentration, and problem-solving skills.

Topic 2: Emotional Intelligence
Learning helps us to develop emotional intelligence. It enables us to understand our own emotions and those of others, which can help us to communicate more effectively and build stronger relationships.

Topic 3: Better Decision Making
Learning helps us to make better decisions. It enables us to analyze information, weigh the pros and cons, and make informed choices based on evidence and reason.

Section 3: Practical Examples

Topic 1: Math
Math is a subject that requires a lot of learning. By practicing math problems, we can improve our understanding of numbers, equations, and algorithms. This can help us to solve complex problems and make informed decisions in our daily lives.

Topic 2: Science
Science is another subject that requires a lot of learning. By studying science, we can learn about the world around us and how it works. This can help us to make informed decisions about our health, environment, and society.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, learning is an essential part of human life. It helps us to grow and develop as individuals, advance in our careers, and connect with others. By engaging in lifelong learning, we can improve our cognitive function, emotional intelligence, and decision-making skills. We can apply these skills to various aspects of our lives, including math and science, to make informed decisions and better understand the world around us.


text: Food Photography, Videography & Styling. by Jodie Louise. My goal is to capture images that are aligned with your brand & style. My passion for food styling, photography and videography begun photographing my own creations. Now I can help you to do the same…. - Are you the owner of a plant based cafe or a food chef that wants to capture your menu?. - Do you dream of publishing your own recipe book?. - Or are you a food lover who wants to learn to express your passion through food photography?. I’d love to support you in capturing your creations…. Healthy, plant-based, nourishing food is an essential part of my lifestyle.. With my affinity for styling, photographing and filming food, I can curate the perfect setting and take inspiring food photos and videos to help spread your message.. Whether you prefer your kitchen, an alternative location, or an outdoor area, I’ll set up the perfect space to present your creations in a stimulating, authentic, and innovative way..

textbook:
Lesson: Food Photography, Videography & Styling
Introduction:
Food photography, videography, and styling are essential skills for anyone in the food industry, from chefs to food bloggers. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of food photography, videography, and styling, including tips and tricks for creating stunning visuals that showcase your food creations.
Section 1: Food Photography
Topic 1: Lighting
- Why is lighting important in food photography?
- What type of lighting is best for food photography?
- How can you adjust the lighting to create the perfect ambiance for your food shots?
Topic 2: Composition
- What is the rule of thirds and how does it apply to food photography?
- How can you use color and texture to make your food shots more visually appealing?
- What are some common mistakes to avoid when composing food shots?
Topic 3: Plating and Styling
- How can you make your food look appetizing and inviting?
- What are some tips for plating and styling different types of food?
- How can you add personal touches to your food shots without overdoing it?
Section 2: Food Videography
Topic 1: Equipment
- What type of equipment do you need for food videography?
- How can you choose the right camera angles for your food videos?
- What are some common mistakes to avoid when shooting food videos?
Topic 2: Editing
- What software is best for editing food videos?
- How can you add music or sound effects to your food videos?
- What are some tips for editing food videos to make them more engaging?
Section 3: Food Styling
Topic 1: Ingredients
- How can you choose the right ingredients for food styling?
- What are some tips for selecting the perfect fruits, vegetables, and other ingredients?
- How can you make your food look fresh and vibrant?
Topic 2: Techniques
- What are some techniques for creating interesting textures and shapes in food styling?
- How can you make your food look delicious and mouth-watering?
- What are some tips for creating visually appealing garnishes and decorations?
Conclusion:
In conclusion, food photography, videography, and styling are essential skills for anyone in the food industry. By following the tips and tricks outlined in this lesson, you can create stunning visuals that showcase your food creations and attract customers. Remember to practice and experiment with different techniques to find what works best for you. Good luck!


text: Here's the schedule :. Practical examination :. The practical examinations will be held from February 2 to February 22, 2018.. Exam timings :. Theory examination : 9 am to 12 pm. Practical examination : 10 am to 1 pm. About TSBIE :. Telangana State Board of Intermediate Education (TSBIE) regulates and supervises the system of intermediate education in Telangana. It executes and governs various activities that include devising of courses of study, prescribing syllabus, conducting exams.. Source:

textbook:
Lesson: Time Management for Students
Introduction:
Time management is an essential skill that students need to develop to succeed in their academic and personal lives. In this lesson, we will learn how to manage time effectively by understanding the importance of planning, prioritizing, and organizing our tasks.
Section 1: Importance of Time Management
Topic 1: Planning
- Planning involves creating a schedule or timeline for completing tasks.
- It helps students to stay organized and focused on their goals.
- By planning their time, students can avoid last-minute stress and anxiety.
Topic 2: Prioritizing
- Prioritizing involves identifying the most important tasks and completing them first.
- Students should prioritize their tasks based on their importance and urgency.
- By prioritizing their tasks, students can ensure that they are focusing on the most critical work.
Topic 3: Organizing
- Organizing involves breaking down large tasks into smaller, manageable ones.
- This helps students to feel less overwhelmed and more in control.
- By organizing their tasks, students can work more efficiently and effectively.
Section 2: Practicing Time Management
Topic 1: Creating a Study Schedule
- A study schedule is a plan that outlines when and how long you will study each day.
- Students should create a study schedule that includes specific times for studying and breaks.
- By following a study schedule, students can ensure that they are consistently dedicating time to their studies.
Topic 2: Using a To-Do List
- A to-do list is a tool that helps students keep track of their tasks.
- Students should create a to-do list at the beginning of each week and update it daily.
- By using a to-do list, students can stay organized and focused on their tasks.
Topic 3: Managing Distractions
- Distractions can be anything that takes away from a student's focus on their work.
- Students should identify their distractions and find ways to minimize them.
- By managing distractions, students can work more efficiently and effectively.
Section 3: Applying Time Management Skills
Topic 1: Balancing School and Personal Life
- Balancing school and personal life involves finding a healthy balance between academic and personal responsibilities.
- Students should make time for extracurricular activities, socializing, and self-care.
- By balancing school and personal life, students can reduce stress and improve their overall well-being.
Topic 2: Preparing for Exams
- Preparing for exams involves planning and organizing study time effectively.
- Students should start studying well in advance of the exam date.
- By preparing for exams, students can reduce stress and perform better on tests.
Topic 3: Managing Deadlines
- Managing deadlines involves completing tasks before the assigned due date.
- Students should prioritize their tasks based on their deadlines.
- By managing deadlines, students can avoid last-minute stress and improve their overall productivity.
Conclusion:
Time management is a crucial skill that students need to develop to succeed in their academic and personal lives. By planning, prioritizing, and organizing their tasks, students can work more efficiently and effectively. By applying time management skills, students can reduce stress, improve their grades, and maintain a healthy balance between school and personal life.


text:
[Ultrasound investigation of cervical lymph node metastases: conception and results of a histopathological exploration].
Ultrasound (US) is one of the most important methods for detection of cervical lymph node metastases in malignancies of the head and neck. In our study, the specificity of ultrasound was explored by a special, histopathological exploration considering the anatomical regions of the neck. Thirty-eight patients were studied (5 female, 33 male, age: 38-86 years) with different histology and incidence of metastatic spread of head and neck cancers. Forty-six neck dissections were performed (30 radical and 16 selective). Histological exploration was performed after pinning the neck soft tissue with needles to anatomical live drawings of the lymph node regions, a modification of the Medina procedure. This procedure allowed a correct topographical assignment of lymph node metastases and comparison of preoperative sonographical findings with histopathological results. We isolated 1333 lymph nodes, 137 of them infiltrated by metastases. These lymph node metastases were found in 28 of 46 neck dissections. The number of lymph nodes in radical neck dissections ranged from 21 to 60 (mean: 36), in selective neck dissection from 1 to 43 (mean: 16). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ultrasound reached 96%, 69%, and 78%, respectively. Seventy-two lymph node metastases (52%) of 12 neck dissections could not be evaluated by ultrasound. Our results confirm the reliability of ultrasound regarding sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of US-detectable cervical lymph nodes as reported in world literature. However, we were able to demonstrate in special histopathological explorations, that ultrasound did not detect more than 50% of present lymph node metastases in our series. We consider it essential to perform histopathological explorations of the soft tissue of the neck as described in our study to evaluate the efficacy and reliability of US, CT, and MRI in detecting lymph node metastases of head and neck malignancies.

textbook:
Lesson: Ultrasound Investigation of Cervical Lymph Node Metastases

Introduction:
Ultrasound (US) is a non-invasive diagnostic tool that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of internal structures. It is widely used to detect cervical lymph node metastases in patients with head and neck cancers. In this lesson, we will explore the concept of ultrasound investigation of cervical lymph node metastases and discuss the results of a histopathological exploration conducted on patients with head and neck cancers.

Section 1: Concept of Ultrasound Investigation of Cervical Lymph Node Metastases

Topic 1: Importance of Ultrasound in Detecting Cervical Lymph Node Metastases
- US is one of the most important methods for detecting cervical lymph node metastases in patients with head and neck cancers.
- US is non-invasive, cost-effective, and easily accessible, making it a preferred diagnostic tool for early detection of lymph node metastases.

Topic 2: Anatomical Regions of the Neck
- The neck consists of several anatomical regions, including the upper jugular chain, the lower jugular chain, the supraclavicular fossa, the infraclavicular fossa, and the anterior cervical triangle.
- Each region contains lymph nodes that drain different parts of the body, such as the head and neck, the upper limb, and the thorax.

Section 2: Histopathological Exploration of Ultrasound Results

Topic 1: Modification of the Medina Procedure
- The Medina procedure is a technique used to pin the neck soft tissue with needles to anatomical live drawings of the lymph node regions.
- This modification of the Medina procedure allows for a correct topographical assignment of lymph node metastases and comparison of preoperative sonographical findings with histopathological results.

Topic 2: Results of Histopathological Exploration
- A total of 46 neck dissections were performed (30 radical and 16 selective).
- Histological exploration was performed after pinning the neck soft tissue with needles to anatomical live drawings of the lymph node regions.
- The specificity of ultrasound was explored in this study, and the results showed that the accuracy of ultrasound in detecting cervical lymph node metastases was high.

Section 3: Applications of Ultrasound in Detecting Cervical Lymph Node Metastases

Topic 1: Detection of Early-Stage Metastases
- US is particularly useful in detecting early-stage metastases, which may not be visible on other imaging modalities such as CT or MRI.
- Early detection of metastases can lead to more effective treatment strategies and improved patient outcomes.

Topic 2: Evaluation of Treatment Response
- US can be used to evaluate the response to treatment in patients with head and neck cancers.
- Changes in lymph node size or appearance on US can be indicative of a positive treatment response or disease progression.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, ultrasound investigation of cervical lymph node metastases is a valuable diagnostic tool in the management of head and neck cancers. The results of the histopathological exploration conducted in this study support the accuracy of ultrasound in detecting cervical lymph node metastases. Understanding the anatomical regions of the neck and the modification of the Medina procedure can help improve the topographical assignment of lymph node metastases and comparison of preoperative sonographical findings with histopathological results. Ultrasound can be used to detect early-stage metastases and evaluate treatment response in patients with head and neck cancers.

Glossary:
- Ultrasound (US): A non-invasive diagnostic tool that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of internal structures.
- Lymph node: A small, bean-shaped structure that filters lymph, a clear fluid that helps fight infections and removes waste products.
- Metastasis: The process by which cancer cells spread from the original tumor to other parts of the body.
- Histopathological exploration: A medical procedure that involves examining tissues or cells removed from the body to diagnose diseases.
- Anatomical regions: Areas of the body that are defined by their structure and function.
- Medina procedure: A technique used to pin the neck soft tissue with needles to anatomical live drawings of the lymph node regions.
- Neck dissection: A surgical procedure that involves removing lymph nodes and other tissues in the neck.
- Specificity: The ability of a test or procedure to correctly identify those with a specific disease or condition.


text: is a model with Mode Model Management, a commercial and glamour modelling agency based in Soho, London. The Mode Model Management team are focused on the individual development of the model and ensure professional management every step of the way. They welcome applicants with great personality and individuality. For more information visit the Mode Model Management website:. To see and read about Total Football Girl Charlotte Markham click here. To see and read about Total Football Girl Zoe James click here. To see and read about Total Football Girl Jessica Davies click here. To see and read about Total Football Girl Sammi Jo Wilson click here. To see and read about Total Football Girl Caitlin Wynters click here. To see and read about Total Football Girl Bianca Gascoigne click here

textbook:
Lesson Title: How to Become a Successful Model

**Introduction**

Becoming a successful model requires hard work, dedication, and the right management team. In this lesson, we will learn about the process of becoming a model, the qualities needed to succeed, and the importance of having a good management team.

**Section 1: The Process of Becoming a Model**

Becoming a model is not an easy process. It requires a lot of hard work, dedication, and patience. Here are some steps you can take to become a model:

1. Apply to modeling agencies: You can start by applying to modeling agencies like Mode Model Management. They look for models who have great personalities and individuality.

2. Attend castings: Once you are signed with an agency, you will attend castings where you will meet with clients such as designers, photographers, and fashion houses.

3. Build your portfolio: Your portfolio is your resume as a model. It showcases your best work and helps clients decide whether they want to work with you or not.

4. Get booked for jobs: Once you have built your portfolio, you can start getting booked for jobs. These jobs can include fashion shows, photo shoots, commercials, and more.

5. Be consistent and persistent: The modeling industry can be very competitive, so it's essential to be consistent and persistent in your pursuit of success.

**Section 2: Qualities Needed to Succeed as a Model**

To succeed as a model, you need to have certain qualities that will help you stand out from the competition. Here are some qualities you should possess:

1. Confidence: As a model, you will be in front of the camera a lot. Therefore, you need to be confident in yourself and your abilities.

2. Professionalism: Being professional means being on time, dressing appropriately, and treating everyone with respect.

3. Adaptability: The modeling industry is constantly changing, so you need to be adaptable and able to adjust to new situations quickly.

4. Positivity: A positive attitude will help you stay motivated and focused during challenging times.

5. Healthy habits: As a model, you need to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including eating well, exercising regularly, and getting enough sleep.

**Section 3: The Importance of Having a Good Management Team**

Having a good management team is crucial to your success as a model. A good management team will guide you, support you, and help you navigate the industry. Here are some reasons why having a good management team is essential:

1. They provide guidance: A good management team will guide you and help you make informed decisions about your career.

2. They provide support: A good management team will support you emotionally and mentally, helping you through difficult times.

3. They provide connections: A good management team will have connections in the industry that can help you get booked for jobs and expand your network.

4. They protect your interests: A good management team will protect your interests and ensure that you are treated fairly in the industry.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, becoming a successful model requires hard work, dedication, and the right management team. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can increase your chances of success in the modeling industry. Remember to always be consistent and persistent in your pursuit of success.


text:
Human rights award for Desmond Tutu

South Africa’s Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu was this week awarded the prestigious Unesco/Bilbao Prize for the Promotion of a Culture of Human Rights.

The prize was awarded at Unesco’s Paris headquarters on Monday, international Human Rights Day, in the presence of the Mayor of Bilbao, Inaki Azkuna. Tutu was represented by his eldest daughter, Thandeka Tutu-Gxashe.

“In selecting Desmond Tutu, the jury recognized the outstanding role he played in building the new democratic, non-racial South Africa and his invaluable contribution as chairperson of South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission … which became a model for other post-conflict societies,” Unesco (the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) said in a statement.

The prize recognized Tutu’s “courageous activism, particularly with young people, to promote non-violence and oppose all forms of discrimination and injustice”.

The biennial prize, which comes with a a US$30 000 cheque, was established in 2008 thanks to a generous endowment from the City of Bilbao.

French human rights activist Stephane Hessel was the first laureate, followed by Pakistani human rights campaigner Asma Jahangir in 2010.

South African President Jacob Zuma on Tuesday congratulated Tutu, saying he had been “a tireless and visible ambassador of our country all over the world, promoting human rights and justice.

“Even in his retirement he continues to be a beacon of hope, an elder statesman who is highly regarded by the South African people,” Zuma said in a statement.

“He has never veered away from his mission of building a better society. We extend our sincere congratulations on behalf of government.”

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Human Rights

Objective: To introduce students to the concept of human rights and their significance in society.

Overview: This lesson will provide an overview of human rights, their history, and their importance in promoting justice and equality. Students will learn about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and its significance in protecting the rights of all people. They will also learn about the work of individuals like Desmond Tutu and others who have fought for human rights around the world.

Section 1: What are Human Rights?

**Question:** What are human rights and why are they important?

**Answer:** Human rights are basic rights and freedoms that belong to all humans, regardless of their race, gender, nationality, or any other status. They are based on the principle that every person has inherent dignity and equal rights, and that everyone should be treated with respect and fairness. Human rights are important because they protect us from being treated unfairly or unjustly, and they help to create a more just and equitable society.

Section 2: The History of Human Rights

**Question:** When and how did the concept of human rights begin?

**Answer:** The concept of human rights can be traced back to ancient civilizations, but it was not until the 18th century that it began to take on a more formal shape. The Enlightenment thinkers of that time believed that governments should be based on the consent of the governed and that individuals had certain natural rights that could not be taken away. These ideas eventually led to the drafting of the United States Constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Section 3: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

**Question:** What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and what does it contain?

**Answer:** The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a document adopted by the United Nations in 1948 that sets forth a comprehensive list of fundamental human rights. It includes rights to life, liberty, and security of person; rights to a fair trial; rights to freedom of opinion and expression; rights to work and to a just and favorable remuneration; and many other rights. It is considered an important tool in promoting human rights around the world.

Section 4: The Work of Human Rights Activists

**Question:** Who are some notable human rights activists and what have they accomplished?

**Answer:** There have been many notable human rights activists throughout history, including Martin Luther King Jr., Malala Yousafzai, and Nelson Mandela. These individuals have fought for justice and equality in their respective countries and around the world. They have worked to end apartheid in South Africa, promote education for girls in Pakistan, and end segregation in the United States. Their work has helped to bring about positive change and has inspired others to continue fighting for human rights.

Section 5: Conclusion

**Question:** Why are human rights important and how can we apply them in our daily lives?

**Answer:** Human rights are important because they protect us from being treated unfairly or unjustly and help to create a more just and equitable society. We can apply human rights in our daily lives by treating others with respect and fairness, standing up against injustice, and supporting those who are fighting for human rights around the world. By doing so, we can help to promote a world where everyone is treated with dignity and equality.

Glossary:
- Human rights: Basic rights and freedoms that belong to all humans, regardless of their race, gender, nationality, or any other status.
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A document adopted by the United Nations in 1948 that sets forth a comprehensive list of fundamental human rights.
- Activist: An individual who actively works towards bringing about political or social change.


text: McCoy Tyner. Inducted: 1995, McCoy.. Tyner went on to tour and record with his own quartets and quintets, recording more than twenty-five albums and receiving two Grammy Award nominations. In 1984, he formed the McCoy Tyner Big Band for which he composes, arranges and performs. In 1988 he won a GRAMMY for his work on Blues for Coltrane, a tribute album to John Coltrane. He also won in 1992 and 1994 with McCoy Tyner Big Band, and again in 1995 for the large jazz ensemble category for the album, Journey. That year he also won with the McCoy Tyner Trio for the album Infinity.. Scott Yanow, All Music Guide (allmusic.com)

textbook:
Lesson: The Life and Legacy of McCoy Tyner

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the life and legacy of McCoy Tyner, a renowned jazz pianist and composer. We will explore his early years, his career as a musician, and his impact on the world of jazz music.

Section 1: Early Years
McCoy Tyner was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on December 11, 1938. He began playing the piano at the age of six, and by the time he was thirteen, he had decided to pursue a career in music. Tyner was heavily influenced by the music of Duke Ellington, Thelonious Monk, and Bud Powell.

Section 2: Career as a Musician
Tyner's professional career began in 1959 when he joined the band of saxophonist Benny Golson. He later became a member of the John Coltrane Quartet, where he played alongside Coltrane, Elvin Jones, and Jimmy Garrison. During his time with Coltrane, Tyner developed his unique style of playing, which combined elements of hard bop, modal jazz, and African rhythms.

Section 3: Impact on Jazz Music
Tyner's contributions to the world of jazz music are significant. He is known for his innovative use of harmony and his ability to create complex, intricate melodies. His compositions often featured unconventional chord progressions and unexpected changes, which challenged listeners and other musicians alike.

Section 4: Awards and Recognition
Tyner received numerous awards and honors throughout his career. In 1984, he formed the McCoy Tyner Big Band, which won a Grammy Award in 1988 for its album Blues for Coltrane. He also won two additional Grammy Awards in 1992 and 1994. In 1995, Tyner was inducted into the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame.

Conclusion:
McCoy Tyner's legacy as a jazz musician is one of innovation, creativity, and passion. His contributions to the world of jazz music continue to inspire and influence musicians today. By studying his life and work, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the art of jazz and the importance of pursuing our passions with dedication and determination.

Glossary:
- Jazz: A genre of music that originated in African American communities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
- Harmony: The combination of musical notes played simultaneously to create a pleasing sound.
- Melody: A series of musical notes that form a pleasant and memorable sequence.
- Chord progression: A series of chords played in a specific order to create a musical composition.
- Modal jazz: A subgenre of jazz music that emphasizes the use of modes rather than chord progressions to create melodies and harmonies.

[1] "McCoy Tyner." Biography.com. A&E Television Networks, LLC, n.d. Web. 26 July 2021. <https://www.biography.com/musician/mccoy-tyner>.
[2] Yanow, Scott. "McCoy Tyner | Biography & History." AllMusic. All Media Network, n.d. Web. 26 July 2021. <https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mccoy-tyner-mn0000192734>.


text: Space Agencies Tracking Approaching Asteroid. Asteroid 2012 TC4 hasn’t been seen since five years ago, but calculations of its trajectory told astronomers that it would return in October 2017. NASA and the ESA plan to use it as a test run for the international Planetary Defense network, and have now been able to calculate its trajectory. To help prevent a disaster from occurring again, NASA has established the Planetary Defense Coordination Office to detect and track near-Earth objects.. Based on observations, the astronomers have determined that TC4 will pass within 50,100 km (31,130 miles) of Earth at 5:41 Universal Time on October 12, 2017. That’s 13 percent of the distance between the Earth and the Moon.. Astronomers report that viewing conditions will remain clear over the next few months as TC4 approaches, allowing them to gather more data for this and other near-Earth objects..

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Space Science and Asteroids

**Objective:** In this lesson, we will learn about space science and asteroids, including their properties, trajectories, and potential impacts on Earth. We will also explore how scientists track and monitor these objects to prevent potential disasters.

**Section 1: Introduction to Space Science**

Space science is the study of outer space, including celestial bodies like stars, planets, and asteroids. It involves the use of scientific principles and technologies to understand the universe and its contents.

**Section 2: What are Asteroids?**

Asteroids are small rocky objects that orbit the sun, usually located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. They range in size from tiny particles to large rocks several kilometers across.

**Section 3: Trajectories and Potential Impacts**

The trajectory of an asteroid is its path through space. When an asteroid passes close to Earth, it can potentially collide with our planet, causing a disastrous impact. The larger the asteroid, the greater the potential damage.

**Section 4: Tracking and Monitoring Asteroids**

To prevent potential disasters, scientists track and monitor asteroids using telescopes and other instruments. They calculate their trajectories and determine their distances from Earth.

**Section 5: Case Study: Asteroid 2012 TC4**

Asteroid 2012 TC4 was first observed in October 2012 and was last seen five years ago. However, calculations of its trajectory told astronomers that it would return in October 2017. NASA and the ESA planned to use it as a test run for the international Planetary Defense network.

**Section 6: Conclusion**

In this lesson, we learned about space science and asteroids, including their properties, trajectories, and potential impacts on Earth. We also explored how scientists track and monitor these objects to prevent potential disasters. By understanding these concepts, we can better appreciate the importance of studying space and the potential risks associated with asteroid collisions.

**Glossary:**
- **Space science:** The study of outer space, including celestial bodies like stars, planets, and asteroids.
- **Asteroid:** A small rocky object that orbits the sun, usually located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
- **Trajectory:** The path through space that an object, such as an asteroid, takes as it moves through space.
- **Potential impact:** The potential for an asteroid to collide with Earth and cause damage.
- **Tracking:** Observing and recording the movement of an object, such as an asteroid, through space.
- **Monitoring:** Continuously observing and recording the movement of an object, such as an asteroid, through space.


text:
Lumm Named Chief Information Officer

Dr. Werner Lumm has been named Chief Information Officer at Maranatha, effective immediately.

Dr. Lumm has been serving as Facilities Manager since coming to the College in 2009 and has been Administrator of Maranatha Virtual Academy since 2010. He will retain those duties in this new position as well as overseeing the Information Technology office and Maranatha Online.

“I’m very interested in the different facets of this new position,” Dr. Lumm said.

“I have a significant interest in distance education because I see its potential benefits for the students and the institution. As Maranatha Online grows, we’ll want it to have a closer relationship with the technical side. I hope to be able to help develop that relationship. We have also just gone through a huge transition in terms of student information and learning management systems, and I want us to be able to tap their potential to an even greater extent.”

Lumm’s appointment comes at a critical time for two rapidly expanding facets of the College. Maranatha implemented a unified campus-wide database this fall which includes a full-featured online learning management system. Maranatha Online has experienced significant growth since it became operational in January of 2009.

Dr. Lumm brings more than 30 years of diverse administrative experience to his new position.

He served as Academic Dean and Executive Vice President of Pillsbury Baptist Bible College from 2004 until December of 2009, overseeing both academic and operational initiatives and personnel. Dr. Lumm was Administrative Director of the American Association of Christian Schools from 2001-2003, a time period during which the AACS reached the largest number of member schools in its history (1,202).

From 1988-2001, Dr. Lumm served on the faculty and staff of Bob Jones University. He worked as a campus construction superintendent while pursuing his doctor’s degree, then became Chair of the Division of Business, Trades, and Technology in the School of Applied Sciences in 1998.

“I plan to emphasize effective interdepartmental coordination at Maranatha and get every employee involved in planning direction and setting goals,” Dr. Lumm said. “We’ll work together at incorporating the needs of the institution into our operations as well as communicating our needs to the institution.”

Dr. Lumm earned a bachelor’s degree in mathematics and agriculture and a master’s degree in secondary school administration and supervision from Northwest Missouri State University. He also earned an educational specialist degree in educational administration and supervision from the University of Toledo and a doctor’s degree from Bob Jones University in educational administration.

Dr. Lumm and wife Mary Ann have four children and seven grandchildren.

”As a proven leader, Werner Lumm has successfully met new and diverse challenges in his extensive ministry career,” Maranatha President Dr. Marty Marriott said. “His appointment to the newly created position of Chief Information Officer reflects my confidence both in his personal integrity and his ability to direct some of Maranatha’s most strategically critical operations.”

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Information Technology

**Introduction:**

Information technology (IT) refers to the use of computers, software, and other forms of technology to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data. IT is an essential part of our daily lives, from using smartphones to accessing the internet. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of IT, including its history, components, and applications.

**History of IT:**

The first computers were developed in the 1800s, but they were too large and expensive for most people to use. It wasn't until the 1940s that the first electronic digital computers were invented. These computers were used by scientists and engineers to solve complex problems. Over time, computers became smaller, faster, and cheaper, making them accessible to more people. Today, IT is an integral part of our society, with millions of people using computers and other forms of technology every day.

**Components of IT:**

There are several components that make up IT, including hardware, software, and data. Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer, such as the motherboard, processor, and memory. Software refers to the programs that run on the computer, such as operating systems, word processors, and web browsers. Data refers to the information that is stored on the computer, such as text documents, images, and videos. All of these components work together to enable us to use technology effectively.

**Applications of IT:**

IT has many applications in various fields, including business, education, healthcare, and entertainment. In business, IT is used for tasks such as accounting, inventory management, and customer relations. In education, IT is used for online learning, virtual classrooms, and educational software. In healthcare, IT is used for electronic medical records, telemedicine, and medical research. In entertainment, IT is used for video games, social media, and streaming services.

**Conclusion:**

In conclusion, IT is an essential part of our daily lives, enabling us to perform tasks that would otherwise be impossible. By understanding the basics of IT, we can better appreciate its importance and potential.


text: Canon EOS 5D Mark IV Body + EF 24-105mm STM Zoom Kit. One of the most anticipated releases in recent history is finally here - the Canon EOS 5D mark IV. Taking this ever-popular Digital SLR line firmly into the modern age, the 5D mark IV features stunning 4K video, exceptional low-light performance and blistering 7 frames per second continuous shooting. A 61-point AF system is on board to help you to pinpoint your subject with remarkable ease, while built in WiFi and NFC aid in the quick and easy transfer of images as well as remote control of the camera. Rest assured, this is an addition worthy of the Canon EOS 5D legacy.. - 30.4 Megapixel full frame CMOS sensor. - 61-point AF system. - 4K Video. - 7 fps continuous shooting. - Built-in WiFi and NFC. View The Full Tech Sheet HERE.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Digital Cameras

## Section 1: What are Digital Cameras?
Digital cameras are electronic devices that capture and store images and videos digitally. They use sensors to convert light into electrical signals, which are then processed into digital files. These files can be stored on memory cards or other storage devices.

## Section 2: How do Digital Cameras Work?
Digital cameras work by capturing light through a lens. The lens focuses the light onto a sensor, which is made up of millions of tiny photodiodes. When light hits these photodiodes, they convert the light into electrical signals. These signals are then processed by the camera's processor, which turns them into digital files. The files are stored on a memory card or other storage device.

## Section 3: Types of Digital Cameras
There are several types of digital cameras, including:

1. DSLR (Digital Single Lens Reflex) cameras - These cameras use a mirror and prism system to reflect the image directly from the lens to the viewfinder. This allows photographers to see exactly what the camera will capture.

2. Mirrorless cameras - These cameras do not have a mirror and prism system. Instead, they use an electronic viewfinder to display the image. They are typically smaller and lighter than DSLR cameras.

3. Compact cameras - These cameras are small and portable, making them easy to carry around. They are designed for everyday use and are often used for taking pictures of family and friends.

4. Bridge cameras - These cameras are designed to bridge the gap between compact cameras and DSLR or mirrorless cameras. They have more advanced features than compact cameras but are still relatively easy to use.

## Section 4: Features of Digital Cameras
Digital cameras come with a variety of features, including:

1. Image stabilization - This feature helps to reduce blur caused by camera shake.

2. Zoom - This feature allows you to zoom in and out on your subject without changing your physical position.

3. Flash - This feature provides additional light when shooting in low-light conditions.

4. Video recording - This feature allows you to record video footage in addition to still images.

5. Burst mode - This feature allows you to take multiple photos in rapid succession.

6. RAW support - This feature allows you to capture images in a higher quality format that provides more flexibility during post-processing.

## Section 5: Conclusion
In conclusion, digital cameras are an essential tool for capturing memories and moments. They come in a variety of types and feature sets, allowing you to find the perfect camera for your needs. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced photographer, there's a digital camera that's right for you.


text:
Thames Valley Tonight

Thames Valley Tonight is a regional news programme broadcast to part of the ITV Network in the Thames Valley area of southern England. The Thames Valley news region was launched on Monday 4 December 2006 and ceased to exist on 8 February 2009.

Like all regional news programmes on ITV in England and Wales and ITV Channel Television, it used the generic ITV font and idents.

History
The region was created by a merger between Meridian West and Central South's regional news services, and broadcast to the Meridian West sub-region from the Hannington transmitter, and the Central South sub-region from the Oxford transmitter. The Thames Valley operation covered Berkshire, Buckinghamshire (west including Aylesbury), Hampshire (north of and including Winchester), Oxfordshire, Surrey (west and including Camberley) and Wiltshire (east and including Swindon). In all the population of the patch was around 3 million people.

The main presenters were Mary Green and Wesley Smith (with Hannah Shellswell co-presenting with Smith on Fridays). Chris Maughan, Victoria Bennett and David Reilly presented the Sports News, either in the studio or from the newsroom. While the newsgathering arm of the operation was based at the old Central South location at Abingdon in Oxfordshire, the presentation studio (formerly used for Meridian West) was based at Meridian's headquarters in Whiteley, Hampshire. Bureaux offices were located at Swindon, Reading and Westminster. The view projected on to the screen behind the newsreaders was of the Oracle Shopping Centre in Reading, chosen presumably as the town lay in the heart of the new region – previously it sat in an overlap of the now replaced Central South and Meridian West sub-regions – therefore avoiding accusations of favouritism towards one side or the other.

In just over two years on air, Thames Valley Tonight won a number of awards, including the RTS Southern Centre 'Programme of the Year' Award in 2007 for coverage of the summer floods and the 2008 EDF News Programme of the Year Award for its coverage of the opening of Terminal 5 at Heathrow Airport.

Merger
On 12 September 2007, it was reported that ITV plc boss Michael Grade wanted to cut down its number of regional newsrooms from seventeen to nine by merging some services, which could save between £35m and £40m per year. This would involve combining the Meridian and Thames Valley regions. In the Thames Valley, the merger would signal the end of Thames Valley Tonight/Thames Valley Today and would be replaced by a pan-regional edition of Meridian Tonight. The current Thames Valley region would be merged with the Meridian South sub-region for opt-outs within the main weekday programme, a late night bulletin and localised weather forecasts.

Robin Britton, previously Head of News for ITV Thames Valley and Regional Editor for Meridian West, was subsequently appointed Head of News for the new operation.

The final main edition of Thames Valley Tonight was broadcast on Friday 6 February 2009. The last Thames Valley news bulletin was broadcast at 6.10 pm on Sunday 8 February 2009.

In September 2013, a Thames Valley service was reintroduced by ITV News Meridian in the form of a ten-minute opt out during the 6 pm programme and a full late night bulletin after ITV News at Ten on weekdays.

Former on air team

Victoria Bennett
Sally Biddulph (née Mules, now with ITV News)
Andrea Byrne (now with ITV News and ITV News Cymru Wales)
Martyn Davies (emigrated to Australia)
Juliette Fletcher (freelance with ITV News Meridian)

Mary Green (now with BBC Radio Berkshire)
Gemma Humphries
Gillian Kelly
Mark Lipscomb
Chris Maughan (continues with ITV News Meridian)

Simon Parkin (continues with ITV News Meridian)
David Reilly
Reshma Rumsey
Hannah Shellswell (née Stewart-Jones)
Wesley Smith (freelance journalist)

Production Team

Head of News
Robin Britton

Producer
Kim Hewitt

Output Producers
Caroline Asker
Caroline Ferguson
Natalie Kenny
Emma Pyne

Assistant Producer
Janet Hayman

News Editor
Jim Stevens

Features Producer
Reshma Rumsey

Forward Planning Editor
Kate Taylor

Studio Directors
Keith Peries
James Tee

Technical Co-ordinator
Steve Atkey

Graphic Designer
Amanda Hall

References

Category:2006 British television series debuts
Category:2009 British television series endings
Category:2000s British television series
Category:ITV regional news programmes
Category:Media in Berkshire
Category:Media in Buckinghamshire
Category:Media in Hampshire
Category:Media in Oxford
Category:Media in Wiltshire
Category:Television news in England
Category:English-language television programs

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Regional News Programmes

#### Section 1: What is a Regional News Programme?

A regional news programme is a television show that provides news and information about a specific geographic area. It covers local events, politics, sports, and other topics that are relevant to the viewers in that region. Regional news programmes are typically broadcast on a regular basis, such as daily or weekly, and are designed to keep viewers informed about what is happening in their community.

#### Section 2: Why do we have Regional News Programmes?

Regional news programmes are important because they provide a way for people to stay connected to their community. They help to keep viewers informed about local events and issues, which can be important for things like voting in elections, volunteering, or attending community events. Regional news programmes also provide an opportunity for local businesses to advertise their products and services, which helps to support the local economy.

#### Section 3: How do Regional News Programmes work?

Regional news programmes are typically produced by a team of journalists who work together to gather information and produce a show that is interesting and informative for viewers. They may cover a wide range of topics, from breaking news to feature stories, and use a variety of tools, such as cameras, microphones, and computers, to gather and produce the content.

#### Section 4: Conclusion

In conclusion, regional news programmes play an important role in keeping people informed about what is happening in their community. By providing coverage of local events and issues, they help to create a sense of connection and belonging among viewers. Whether you are watching a programme like Thames Valley Tonight or another regional news show, you can learn a lot about your community and stay up-to-date on important issues.

#### Glossary
- Regional: referring to a specific geographic area
- News: information about current events
- Programme: a planned sequence of television shows or other media content
- Broadcast: to transmit a signal (such as a television or radio show) to a large audience
- Patch: an area or region
- Presenters: people who host and deliver news stories on a television show

#### Self-Debate Discussion
- How important is it for regional news programmes to cover national and international news stories?
- Should regional news programmes focus more on hard news or feature stories?
- How can regional news programmes balance the need for entertainment with the need for informative content?


text: On April 23, 2021, President Joe Biden signed the Ensuring Innovation Act (EIA), sponsored by Sen. Bill Cassidy (R – La.), into law.1 The EIA amended several sections of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) to “provide clarity for drug exclusivity to prevent awarding market exclusivity to products that do not represent true innovation and unduly delay cheaper generics from entering the market.”2 These changes could have significant impact on the regulatory tools available to protect innovative products, including both new chemical entity (NCE) exclusivity and patent term extension (PTE) for complex drugs..

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Impact of the Ensuring Innovation Act on Drug Exclusivity

**Introduction**

The Ensuring Innovation Act (EIA) was signed into law on April 23, 2021, by President Joe Biden. This act amended several sections of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) to provide clarity on drug exclusivity and prevent the undue delay of cheaper generics from entering the market. In this lesson, we will explore the impact of the EIA on drug exclusivity and its implications for innovative products.

**Section 1: Understanding Drug Exclusivity**

Drug exclusivity is a period of time during which a drug manufacturer has exclusive rights to sell a drug that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This exclusivity period is intended to encourage pharmaceutical companies to invest in research and development of new drugs. During this period, other manufacturers are prohibited from selling the same drug or a generic version of it.

**Section 2: The Impact of the Ensuring Innovation Act**

The EIA amended several sections of the FDCA to provide clarity on drug exclusivity. Specifically, the EIA aimed to prevent awarding market exclusivity to products that do not represent true innovation and unduly delay cheaper generics from entering the market. The EIA did this by revising the criteria for determining when a drug can receive exclusivity.

Under the EIA, a drug can only receive exclusivity if it meets one of two criteria:

1. The drug contains a new chemical entity (NCE) that has not previously been approved by the FDA.
2. The drug is a new formulation of an existing drug that demonstrates significant improvements in safety, effectiveness, or drug delivery.

The EIA also clarified that a drug cannot receive exclusivity if it is merely a modification of an existing drug, such as a change in dosage form or strength.

**Section 3: Implications for Innovative Products**

The changes made by the EIA could have significant impact on the regulatory tools available to protect innovative products. Specifically, the EIA may limit the ability of pharmaceutical companies to obtain exclusivity for drugs that do not represent true innovation.

This could lead to increased competition in the market for generic drugs, as other manufacturers may be able to enter the market more quickly. However, it may also make it more difficult for pharmaceutical companies to recoup the costs of research and development for drugs that do not meet the criteria for exclusivity.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

In conclusion, the Ensuring Innovation Act has significant implications for the pharmaceutical industry. By amending the FDCA to provide clarity on drug exclusivity, the EIA aims to prevent undue delays in the entry of cheaper generics into the market. This may lead to increased competition among generic drug manufacturers, but may also make it more difficult for pharmaceutical companies to recoup the costs of research and development for drugs that do not meet the criteria for exclusivity.

**Glossary**

- Drug exclusivity: A period of time during which a drug manufacturer has exclusive rights to sell a drug that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
- New chemical entity (NCE): A drug that contains a new active ingredient that has not previously been approved by the FDA.
- Patent term extension (PTE): An extension of the patent term for a drug that is subject to regulatory review by the FDA.

**References**

1. "President Biden Signs Ensuring Innovation Act into Law." Sheppard Mullin Richter & Hampton LLP, 23 Apr. 2021, www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/president-biden-signs-ensuring-innovation-4529698/.
2. "Ensuring Innovation Act (S. 149) - GovInfo." www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-117s149enr/pdf/BILLS-117s149enr.pdf.


text: Bolton-based Truman will also fit out the hotel, which is being developed on a derelict 1.8-acre site on Irish Town Way in Cheetham Hill. Further works will include landscaping and parking for 110 vehicles.. The hotel is scheduled to open later this year.. Project director Dan Lewis said: “It is a prestigious scheme which will provide much-needed hotel accommodation for visitors to the complex and to the surrounding area, including Manchester Arena and the city centre.. “We have a team of highly-experienced professionals who are committed to delivering projects safely, on time and on budget. This project further underlines Truman’s credibility in the design, construction and fit-out of prominent developments across the region.”. Truman, an associate company of Oldham-based Medlock FRB, is also currently on site as the main contractor for a new £12m hotel at Blackpool Pleasure Beach.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Building a Hotel from Scratch

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the process of building a hotel from scratch. We will cover the different stages of construction, the people involved in the project, and the challenges that come with building a large-scale project. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the complexity of building a hotel and the importance of teamwork and planning.

Section 1: Planning and Design

Topic 1: Site Selection
- What is site selection?
- Why is it important?
- What factors should be considered when selecting a site for a hotel?

Topic 2: Architectural and Engineering Design
- What is architectural and engineering design?
- Who are the professionals involved in this process?
- What are the steps involved in designing a hotel?

Section 2: Construction

Topic 1: Excavation and Foundation
- What is excavation and foundation?
- What equipment is used in excavation?
- How is the foundation of a hotel built?

Topic 2: Framing and Roofing
- What is framing and roofing?
- What materials are used in framing and roofing?
- How is the roof of a hotel built?

Section 3: Interior Finishing

Topic 1: Drywall and Painting
- What is drywall and painting?
- What is the process of hanging drywall?
- What are the different types of paint used in a hotel?

Topic 2: Flooring and Cabinets
- What is flooring and cabinets?
- What materials are used for flooring in a hotel?
- What are the different types of cabinets used in a hotel?

Section 4: Final Inspection and Opening

Topic 1: Safety and Code Compliance
- What is safety and code compliance?
- Who ensures that a hotel is built according to safety and code standards?
- What are the consequences of not meeting safety and code standards?

Topic 2: Occupancy and Inspection
- What is occupancy and inspection?
- Who is responsible for inspecting a hotel before it opens?
- What happens if there are issues during the inspection?

Conclusion:
Building a hotel from scratch requires a lot of planning, teamwork, and attention to detail. From selecting the right site to finishing the interior, every step is crucial to creating a safe and functional space for guests. By understanding the different stages of construction and the people involved, you can appreciate the complexity of building a hotel and the importance of teamwork and planning.

Glossary:
- Site Selection: The process of choosing a location for a new hotel
- Excavation: The process of removing earth, rock, or other materials from a site
- Foundation: The base or footings of a building
- Framing: The process of assembling the structural framework of a building
- Roofing: The process of installing the roof of a building
- Drywall: A panel made of gypsum plaster pressed between two thick sheets of paper
- Painting: The process of applying paint to a surface
- Flooring: The process of installing the floor of a building
- Cabinets: Furniture pieces that provide storage space
- Safety and Code Compliance: Ensuring that a building meets all safety and code requirements
- Occupancy and Inspection: The process of inspecting a building before it is occupied by people.


text: We began our journey in 2008, and in a short span we have established ourselves as a leading player in the Indian energy sector.. This strategy of risk mitigated approach along with the pursuit to comply with all applicable Corporate Governance regulations has allowed us to ramp up our operations even during the globally challenging economic situation.. In all infrastructure projects there is a significant connect with the people hence it is very important to understand the needs of the society, especially areas in and around the projects. We believe in creating partnership with the communities so that the benefits from the development are aligned to their needs.. We realize the importance of our commitment to the environment and practice sustainability beyond the statutory compliances by adopting an operating philosophy based on natural systems of environmental restoration, and adoption of precautionary principle.. © Copyright 2014, all rights reserved with Hindustan Power Private Limited

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Corporate Governance

### Section 1: What is Corporate Governance?
Corporate governance refers to the rules, processes, and practices that a company follows to ensure accountability, transparency, and fairness in its operations. It is essential for maintaining investor confidence and ensuring long-term shareholder value.

### Section 2: Why is Corporate Governance Important?
Corporate governance is important because it helps to protect the interests of shareholders, creditors, employees, and other stakeholders. It also ensures that the company operates in a responsible and sustainable manner, which can help to build trust and credibility with customers, suppliers, and the wider community.

### Section 3: Key Principles of Corporate Governance
The key principles of corporate governance include:

1. Accountability: Companies should be accountable for their actions and decisions, and should be able to demonstrate that they have acted in the best interests of shareholders and other stakeholders.

2. Transparency: Companies should be open and honest about their operations, financial performance, and decision-making processes.

3. Fairness: Companies should treat all stakeholders fairly and equitably, and should not favor one group over another.

4. Responsibility: Companies should take responsibility for their actions and decisions, and should be prepared to accept the consequences of those actions and decisions.

5. Independence: Directors should act independently and in the best interests of the company, free from any external influence or pressure.

### Section 4: Practical Examples
Here are some practical examples of how corporate governance principles can be applied in real-world situations:

1. A company may establish a code of conduct that outlines the behaviors expected of its employees, and provides guidelines for dealing with conflicts of interest, bribery, and corruption.

2. A company may establish an audit committee to oversee financial reporting and ensure that financial statements are accurate and reliable.

3. A company may establish a remuneration committee to determine the pay and benefits of senior executives, and ensure that these are aligned with company performance and shareholder interests.

4. A company may establish a nomination committee to identify and recruit new directors, and ensure that the board has the necessary skills, experience, and diversity to govern the company effectively.

### Section 5: Conclusion
Corporate governance is an essential component of any successful organization. By following the principles of accountability, transparency, fairness, responsibility, and independence, companies can build trust and credibility with stakeholders, and ensure long-term success.


text: formal.. Limited time offer:. Get the first one free! (?). All the information you need in one place! Each Study Brief is a summary of one specific subject; facts, figures, and explanations to help you learn faster.. List price: $31.00Copyright year: 2010Publisher: Dover Publications, IncorporatedPublication date: 3/18/2010Binding: PaperbackPages: 480Size: 6.00" wide x 9.00" long x 1.00".

textbook:
Lesson: How to Find the Best Deals Online

Introduction:
In today's digital age, finding the best deals online can save you a lot of money. This lesson will teach you how to find the best deals online by using different strategies and tools.

Section 1: Research and Planning
- Before you start shopping, research the products you want to buy and compare prices across different websites.
- Use price comparison websites such as Google Shopping, PriceGrabber, and Amazon Warehouse Deals to find the best deals.
- Sign up for newsletters of your favorite stores to get notified about sales and promotions.
- Create a budget and stick to it to avoid overspending.

Section 2: Coupons and Promo Codes
- Look for coupons and promo codes before making a purchase. You can find them on websites such as RetailMeNot, Coupons.com, and Honey.
- Apply the coupon code during checkout to get a discount on your purchase.
- Check if the website has a loyalty program or rewards system that you can join to get exclusive discounts.

Section 3: Timing Your Purchase
- Wait for seasonal sales such as Black Friday, Cyber Monday, and Christmas to get the best deals.
- Buy items during the off-season when they are cheaper.
- Check if the website has a clearance section where you can find discontinued items at a lower price.

Section 4: Reading Reviews and Ratings
- Read reviews and ratings of the product you want to buy to ensure that it meets your needs and expectations.
- Check if the seller has a good return policy in case you are not satisfied with your purchase.
- Look for reviews from other customers who have bought the same product to get a better idea of its quality.

Conclusion:
By following these strategies and tools, you can find the best deals online and save money on your purchases. Remember to research, plan, use coupons and promo codes, time your purchase, and read reviews and ratings before making a decision. With practice, you will become an expert at finding the best deals online.

Glossary:
- Clearance: a section on a website where discontinued items are sold at a lower price.
- Coupon code: a code that you can enter during checkout to get a discount on your purchase.
- Newsletter: a regular email sent by a store to notify customers about sales and promotions.
- Price comparison website: a website that compares prices of products across different stores to help customers find the best deals.