text:
Q:

Query across timezones

I'm developing an app where a user can request that an email be sent to them at a specific time every day in their timezone. For example User A lives in London and schedules an email at 2pm every day London time and User B lives in New York and schedules an email at 2pm New York time.
I'm wondering what way I should configure my database postgres such that a scheduler can fire every minute and query for all emails to be sent at that minute regardless of what timezone their in.
The one thing I want to avoid is having to run multiple queries, once per timezone.

A:

Due to the (rather idiotic, quite frankly) rules for daylight saving times (DST) across the world, a local time can mean all kind of things in absolute (UTC time).
Save a time (not timetz!) and the time zone name (not the abbreviation) for when to send the emails. Tricky details under this related question:
Time zone names with identical properties yield different result when applied to timestamp
CREATE TABLE event (
   event_id serial PRIMARY KEY
 , alarm_time time  -- local alarm time
 , tz text          -- time zone name
 , ...
);

Use the following expression to "cook" the exact daily point in time, taking local DST settings into account:
SELECT current_date + alarm_time AT TIME ZONE tz;

Example:
SELECT current_date + '2:30'::time AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/London' AS alarm_ts

Returns:
alarm_ts
2014-05-19 02:30:00+02

Use timestamp with time zone (timestamptz) across your whole application. Be sure to understand how it works. This comprehensive post may be of help (also explains the AT TIME ZONE construct:
Ignoring timezones altogether in Rails and PostgreSQL
Just to be clear, once you have "cooked" the daily UTC time, you can translate it to and work with any local time just as well. But it might be less confusing to do all the rest in UTC.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Time Zones

**Objective:** Understand the concept of time zones and how they affect daily life.

**Glossary:**
- Time zone: A region of the earth that observes a uniform standard time.
- Coordinated Universal Time (UTC): A successor to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

**Section 1: Introduction**

Have you ever traveled to a different country and noticed that the time was different? That's because each country or region has its own time, called a time zone. Time zones are important because they help us keep track of time around the world.

**Section 2: What are time zones?**

Time zones were created to make it easier for people to know what time it is in different parts of the world. They are usually based on lines of longitude, which run east to west around the globe. Each time zone is generally 15 degrees wide, but some are larger or smaller depending on factors like politics and geography.

**Section 3: How do time zones affect daily life?**

Time zones can affect daily life in many ways. For example, if you travel from one time zone to another, your body may take some time to adjust to the new schedule. This is because your internal clock, or circadian rhythm, is used to a certain routine. Additionally, businesses and organizations often need to take time zones into account when scheduling meetings or events.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

In conclusion, time zones are important because they help us keep track of time around the world. They are based on lines of longitude and can affect daily life in many ways. By understanding time zones, we can better navigate our way through the world.


text:
Attention public servants, the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) has decided you can bag your department, and government policy, on social media … as long as you use a fake name.

The decision came after Michaela Banerji won her right to compensation after she was sacked from the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (Home Affairs) in 2013 for criticising Australia’s refugee policy under a fake name on Twitter.

In 2014, Comcare rejected Ms Banerji’s case for compensation for depression and anxiety caused by being fired.

This Monday (16 April), the AAT found that Ms Banerji’s sacking was unlawful and trespassed on implied freedom of political speech.

As part of the decision, AAT deputy president Gary Humphries and Dr Bernard Hughson wrote that ‘A comment made anonymously cannot rationally be used to draw conclusions about the professionalism or impartiality of the public service’.

Comcare has the option of appealing the decision of the AAT to the full Federal Court.

George Orwell’s novel 1984 was also referred to in the AAT ruling. The ruling said that restricting statements from public servants where their identity was unknown bore ‘a discomforting resemblance to George Orwell’s thoughtcrime’.

So there you have it. The AAT seems to be saying that it’s okay to criticise your department and government policy as long as you cannot be identified … but then again, the Government has just introduced new draconian social media rules for public servants … so read the rules and act accordingly …

Do you think public servants should be able to voice their views on social media about their department and Government policy?

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: The Right to Freedom of Speech

Introduction:

The right to freedom of speech is a fundamental human right that allows individuals to express their opinions and ideas without fear of persecution or censorship. This right is protected by law in many countries, including Australia, where the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) recently upheld an employee's right to express their views on social media using a fake name.

Core Value:

The core value of this lesson is the importance of protecting the right to freedom of speech. This value is essential in maintaining a healthy democracy, promoting transparency, and preventing the suppression of ideas and opinions.

Section 1: Understanding the Right to Freedom of Speech

Topic 1: What is the right to freedom of speech?

The right to freedom of speech refers to the protection of an individual's right to express their opinions and ideas without fear of punishment or censorship. This right is protected by law in many countries and is considered a fundamental human right.

Topic 2: Why is the right to freedom of speech important?

The right to freedom of speech is important because it allows individuals to express their opinions and ideas freely. This is essential in maintaining a healthy democracy, promoting transparency, and preventing the suppression of ideas and opinions. It also allows for the open discussion of issues and the exchange of ideas, which can lead to innovation and progress.

Section 2: Exploring the Concept of Freedom of Speech

Topic 1: How does the right to freedom of speech apply to social media?

The right to freedom of speech applies to social media in the same way it applies to any other form of communication. This means that individuals have the right to express their opinions and ideas on social media platforms without fear of punishment or censorship, as long as they do not violate any laws or engage in hate speech.

Topic 2: Can the use of a fake name on social media affect the right to freedom of speech?

The use of a fake name on social media can sometimes affect the right to freedom of speech. While individuals have the right to express their opinions and ideas anonymously, some employers may view the use of a fake name as a breach of trust and fire employees as a result. However, as seen in the case of Michaela Banerji, the AAT has ruled that the use of a fake name on social media does not necessarily invalidate the right to freedom of speech.

Section 3: Real-World Examples of Freedom of Speech

Topic 1: How has the right to freedom of speech been used in Australian politics?

The right to freedom of speech has been used extensively in Australian politics. Politicians often use social media platforms to express their opinions and ideas, and members of the public also use these platforms to voice their opinions on political issues. For example, during the 2019 federal election campaign, Prime Minister Scott Morrison used social media to connect with voters and share his vision for Australia's future.

Topic 2: How has the right to freedom of speech been used in international politics?

The right to freedom of speech has also been used extensively in international politics. For example, during the 2016 US Presidential election, then-candidate Donald Trump used social media to bypass traditional media outlets and directly connect with voters. In addition, social media platforms have been used by activists and protestors around the world to organize and share their messages.

Conclusion:

The right to freedom of speech is a fundamental human right that is protected by law in many countries. It allows individuals to express their opinions and ideas without fear of punishment or censorship, which is essential in maintaining a healthy democracy and promoting transparency. By exploring the concept of freedom of speech and examining real-world examples, we can better understand the importance of this right and how it applies to our lives.

Glossary:

- Freedom of speech: The right to express opinions and ideas without fear of punishment or censorship.
- Censorship: The suppression of information, ideas, or artistic expression by a government, authority, or other powerful entity.
- Democracy: A system of government in which power is held by the people, either directly or through elected representatives.

Self-Debating Discussion:

Do you believe that the right to freedom of speech should be protected by law? Why or why not?


text:
The Public’s Health Care Agenda for the New Congress and Presidential Campaign, December 2006This Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard School of Public Health National Survey looks at the public’s priorities and views on health issues as a new Democratic majority takes the leadership of Congress and as the 2008 presidential campaign begins…

This chartpack presents key findings from an October 2007 survey conducted jointly by NPR, the Kaiser Family Foundation, and the Harvard School of Public Health on the public’s views and opinions of the State Children’s Health Insurance Program and the pending legislation surrounding its reauthorization. Chartpack (.pdf)

Two new surveys by NPR, the Kaiser Family Foundation and the Harvard School of Public Health examine the pocketbook problems facing people in Ohio and Florida — two presidential swing states — including their struggles with gas prices, getting and keeing a well-paying job and affording health care. The surveys,…

USA Today/Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard School of Public Health National Survey of Households Affected by CancerThis USA Today/Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard School of Public Health National Survey provides an in-depth examination of how families cope with cancer and highlights problems of health insurance and health care costs through the lens of those…

This survey by The Washington Post, the Kaiser Family Foundation, and Harvard University–the 16th in an ongoing partnership–provides a detailed look at self-identified independents: who they are, what issues matter to them, how they approach politics and elections, and their views on key issues including health care, Iraq, and immigration.…

These toplines provide the complete survey questions and findings from the National Survey of Households Affected by Cancer conducted jointly by USA Today, the Kaiser Family Foundation and the Harvard School of Public Health by telephone between Aug. 1 and Sept. 14, 2006. The survey provides an in-depth look at…

The survey, which assessed seniors’ views of and experiences with the Medicare drug benefit, was conducted November 9-19 by the Kaiser Family Foundation and the Harvard School of Public Health. It included a nationally representative sample of 718 seniors, including 275 who reported being enrolled in a Medicare drug plan.…

This summary provides an overview of the results of an October 2007 survey conducted jointly by NPR, the Kaiser Family Foundation, and the Harvard School of Public Health on the public’s views and opinions of the State Children’s Health Insurance Program and the pending legislation surrounding its reauthorization. Summary (.pdf)

This survey from NPR, the Kaiser Family Foundation, and the Harvard School of Public Health examines the public’s views of over-the-counter children’s cold and cough medications in the wake of recent concerns regarding their safety and effectiveness. The poll was conducted after an FDA advisory panel recommended that children under…

Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard African-American Men SurveyThe Washington Post, the Kaiser Family Foundation and Harvard University have released a new, comprehensive survey looking at how African-American men view their lives in the United States and their outlook for the future. The survey gauges the views and experiences of African-American men…

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Health Care Policy

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of health care policy and its impact on society.

**Background:** Health care policy refers to the laws, regulations, and other government actions that affect the health care system. It is an important topic because it impacts the lives of everyone in society. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of health care policy and its role in shaping health care outcomes.

**Section 1: What is Health Care Policy?**

Health care policy refers to the laws, regulations, and other government actions that affect the health care system. These policies can impact everything from the cost of health care to the quality of care received by patients.

**Section 2: Why is Health Care Policy Important?**

Health care policy is important because it impacts the lives of everyone in society. It affects the cost of health care, the quality of care received by patients, and the overall health of the population. Additionally, health care policy can impact social and economic inequality, as those without access to affordable health care may struggle to get the care they need.

**Section 3: Who Makes Health Care Policy?**

Health care policy is made by a variety of actors, including government officials, health care providers, insurers, and patients. These stakeholders work together to develop policies that address the needs of the health care system and the broader population.

**Section 4: How is Health Care Policy Developed?**

Health care policy is developed through a variety of processes, including legislation, regulation, and negotiation between stakeholders. Government officials play a key role in developing health care policy, but they often work in conjunction with other stakeholders to ensure that the policies are effective and meet the needs of the population.

**Section 5: Examples of Health Care Policy**

There are many examples of health care policy, including:

- The Affordable Care Act (ACA), which aimed to increase access to health care for millions of Americans.
- Medicare and Medicaid, which provide health care coverage for seniors and low-income individuals, respectively.
- The HIPAA Privacy Rule, which sets standards for protecting the privacy of medical records.

**Section 6: Conclusion**

In conclusion, health care policy is an important topic that impacts the lives of everyone in society. By understanding the basics of health care policy, we can better understand how these policies shape health care outcomes and work towards a more equitable health care system.

**Glossary:**
- Health care policy: Laws, regulations, and other government actions that affect the health care system.
- Stakeholders: Individuals or groups who have an interest in or impact on a particular issue.
- Legislation: The process of making laws.
- Regulation: A law, rule, or other order prescribed by a government or its delegated authority.
- Negotiation: The process of discussing and agreeing on a solution to a problem.


text: Infographic Bundle – Text Graphics. $29.00. Description. These modern, easy-to-edit PowerPoint slides can teach yo how to easily make infographics for your PowerPoints simply by looking at the structure of each slide. Ten great PowerPoint slides you can easily customize to find your brand colors and import into an existing presentation to give it that “umph!” you’ve been looking for!. Click the circles in the middle to see all slides. Check the Product Specs below for file specifications before you purchase.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: How to Create Infographics for Your PowerPoint Presentation
Introduction:
Infographics are visual representations of information that can help you convey complex ideas or data in a simple and engaging way. In this lesson, we will learn how to create infographics for your PowerPoint presentation using ten great slides that you can easily customize.
Section 1: Understanding Infographics
- Definition: A graphic that uses visual elements such as images, charts, and graphs to present information in a clear and concise manner.
- Importance: Infographics can help you convey complex ideas or data in a simple and engaging way, making them an essential tool for presentations.
- Types of Infographics: There are different types of infographics, including informational, statistical, process, and comparative.
Section 2: Customizing the Slides
- Structure: Each slide has a consistent structure that you can use to create your own infographics. You can easily customize the colors, fonts, and images to match your brand.
- Content: You can add text, images, and charts to the slides to create engaging visuals. Make sure that the content is relevant and concise to keep your audience engaged.
- Design: Use a consistent design throughout the slides to create a cohesive look and feel. Use the same colors, fonts, and images to create a unified visual experience.
Section 3: Creating Your Own Infographics
- Choose a topic: Select a topic that you want to present to your audience. It could be a product, service, or idea.
- Gather data: Collect relevant data and statistics that support your topic.
- Create a storyboard: Sketch out the visuals that you want to include in your infographic. Use the slides as a guide to create a cohesive storyboard.
- Add content: Add text, images, and charts to the slides to create engaging visuals. Make sure that the content is relevant and concise to keep your audience engaged.
- Customize the design: Use the same colors, fonts, and images to create a cohesive look and feel.
Section 4: Examples
- Example 1: If you want to present a new product, you can use the infographic slides to showcase its features and benefits.
- Example 2: If you want to present data on a specific topic, you can use the infographic slides to showcase the statistics and trends.
- Example 3: If you want to present a process or a step-by-step guide, you can use the infographic slides to showcase each step in a clear and concise manner.
Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to create infographics for your PowerPoint presentation using ten great slides that you can easily customize. Infographics are an essential tool for presentations, as they can help you convey complex ideas or data in a simple and engaging way. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can create engaging visuals that will help you convey your message effectively.


text: Tough Old Bird to Finish out the Year with Two WNY Shows. Tough Old Bird has spent the fall on tour promoting their latest album, The Old Great Lakes. They finish out 2019 with a couple shows close to home. You’ll find them at Nietzche’s in Buffalo on Friday, Dec. 6 and at Mission Hall in Rochester on Saturday, Dec. 14.. The brotherly duo of Matthew and Nathan Corrigan has been performing under the name Tough Old Bird for the better part of the decade. Their latest release is a concept album that weaves together an array of musical influences and lyrical narratives around the central theme of area waterways.. In an interview earlier this year, Nathan told NYS Music, .”

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Concept Albums

**Overview:** A concept album is a collection of songs that share a common theme or storyline. These albums often tell a complete narrative or explore a particular subject matter. In this lesson, we will explore the elements of concept albums, including their history, structure, and examples.

**Section 1: Theory**

- What is a concept album?
- Why do artists create concept albums?
- How does a concept album differ from a regular album?

**Section 2: Practice**

- Listen to "The Old Great Lakes" by Tough Old Bird and identify the central theme.
- Analyze the structure of the album and identify how the songs relate to each other.
- Discuss the musical influences and lyrical narratives used in the album.

**Section 3: Application**

- Create your own concept album based on a topic of your choice.
- Develop a storyline or theme for your album.
- Choose songs that fit the theme and structure of your album.

**Glossary:**
- Concept album: A collection of songs that share a common theme or storyline.
- Theme: A central idea or message that ties the songs together.
- Structure: The arrangement of songs and how they relate to each other.

**Conclusion:**
By understanding the elements of concept albums, we can appreciate the artistry and creativity that goes into creating such a work. We can also apply these skills to our own music projects, whether it be writing songs or creating a playlist that tells a story.


text:
Piz Buin Pitschen

Piz Buin Pitschen (Rumantsch) or Kleiner Piz Buin (German) is a peak in the Silvretta Alps. The Piz Buin Pitschen lies western of his higher neighbor the Piz Buin Grond or Großer Piz Buin.

The summit forms the border between Switzerland and Austria and is the second highest peak in Vorarlberg, a state of Austria, and the sixth highest peak of the mountain range after the Piz Linard, the Fluchthorn, the Piz Buin Grond, the Verstanclahorn and the Piz Fliana.

The first ascent was made 1868 by O.W. Stein and his guide Christian Jann.

Geography
The Piz Buin Pitschen lies on the main ridge of the Silvretta alps. It is separated from its more famous neighbour by the Buinlücke (Fourcla Buin), a 3,056 m high mountain pass between the two summits.

Piz Buin Pitschen separates two glacial valleys, the Ochsenthaler Glacier on the north and La Cudera on the southwest of the mountain. While the Ochsenthaler Glacier forms the origin of the River Ill, which first fills the Silvretta Reservoir at the Silvretta High-Alpine-Road and later flows into the Rhine (North Sea). South of Piz Buin Pitschen the water flows in the Inn, which empties into the Danube (Black Sea).

In the west, the Fourcla dal Cunfin separates the Piz Buin Pitschen from the 3210 m high Signalhorn. The pass also allows the transition from the Austrian Ochsentaler glacier to the Swiss glacier La Cudera. The glacier La Cudera flows off towards the Tuoi valley, also Swiss, south of the Piz Buin Pitschen, a side valley of the Lower Engadine near Guarda.

The Silvretta High-Alpine-Road, which connects the two Austrian states Vorarlberg and Tyrol, runs along the banks of the Silvretta Reservoir over the 2032 m high Bielerhöhe. The parking facilities there and the bus connection are the starting point for the access to the Wiesbadener hut, from where the easiest route to the summit starts.

Climbing routes
The Piz Buin Pitschen is climbed in compared to its higher neighbor, the Piz Buin Grond rather rarely. It can be done both in summer as a glacier and rock climb and in winter as ski touring.

The route of the first ascent led from the Silvretta hut (2341 m) over the Silvretta pass to the summit.

The easiest route leads from the Wiesbadener hut (2443 m) in Vorarlberg over the Buinlücke (Fourcla Buin) and the west ridge to the summit. The Piz Buin Pitschen can also be climbed from the Chamonna Tuoi (2250 m) in the Swiss Tuoi valley over the glacier La Cudera and Fourcla dal Cunfin or the Vermuntpass.

The ascent of the Kleine Piz Buin leads in any case over glacier and requires climbing at level II in the UIAA grading system, which can be surpassed by the melting of the glacier.

Name and history
The name Piz Buin is derived from the Rumantsch and means "Ochsenspitze" in German what can be translated with "Ox-peak". This name is supplemented in Rumantsch with Grond and Pitschen to distinguish the two summits from each other. If someone only says "Piz Buin", then normally the Piz Buin Grond is meant.

The first ascent of the Piz Buin Pitschen took place on 24 August 1868 by O.W. Stein and Christian Jann, about three years after that of the Piz Buin Grond. Their path led from Klosters via Alp Spörra and Sardasca to the "Clubhütte", today the Silvretta hut, as O.W. Stein describes in his report. From there they climbed over a crevasse glacier towards the Silvretta Pass, where Stein and his guide decided to climb the Piz Buin Pitschen after a rest at the "Mittagsplatte" (Plan da Mezdi) due to the good weather. Stein reports of a rugged rock ridge. At the top, a little cairn was build, which contained in a paper in a bottle with the names of the two climbers. They chose the descent "north along the ridge".

O.W. Stein stated in his report the height of the mountain with 3264 m.

References

External links
Piz Buin Pitschen on Hikr

Category:Mountains of the Alps
Category:Alpine three-thousanders
Category:Mountains of Vorarlberg
Category:Mountains of Graubünden
Category:Austria–Switzerland border
Category:International mountains of Europe
Category:Mountains of Switzerland

textbook:
Lesson: Geographical Features and Their Importance

Introduction:
Geographical features are natural physical structures that make up the Earth's surface. They play an essential role in shaping the environment, influencing climate, and affecting human activities. In this lesson, we will learn about different types of geographical features and their importance.

Section 1: Types of Geographical Features

1. Mountains
Mountains are large landforms that rise steeply from the surrounding terrain. They have high elevations and steep slopes. Mountains affect weather patterns, create microclimates, and provide habitats for unique plant and animal species.

2. Valleys
Valleys are low-lying areas between mountains or hills. They are formed by erosion and can contain rivers, streams, and other bodies of water. Valleys provide fertile land for agriculture and are often home to many people.

3. Rivers
Rivers are natural flowing bodies of freshwater that empty into oceans, lakes, or other water bodies. They are formed by precipitation and melting snow and ice. Rivers provide water for human consumption, irrigation, and transportation.

4. Glaciers
Glaciers are large masses of ice that move slowly over land. They form in cold climates where more snow accumulates than melts. Glaciers can shape the landscape, carve out valleys, and create lakes when they melt.

5. Islands
Islands are landmasses surrounded by water. They can be formed by volcanic activity, rising sea levels, or the movement of tectonic plates. Islands provide unique habitats for plants and animals and can serve as important breeding grounds for marine life.

Section 2: Importance of Geographical Features

1. Climate Regulation
Geographical features such as mountains and forests help regulate the climate by absorbing and releasing moisture. This helps to prevent extreme weather events like floods and droughts.

2. Natural Resources
Geographical features contain valuable natural resources such as minerals, fossil fuels, and water. These resources are essential for human development and economic growth.

3. Agriculture
Geographical features such as valleys and plains provide fertile land for agriculture. Farmers grow crops and raise livestock to feed themselves and others.

4. Transportation
Geographical features like rivers and mountains can serve as natural barriers or transportation routes. They can also influence the development of infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and tunnels.

5. Recreation
Geographical features provide opportunities for outdoor recreation such as hiking, camping, skiing, and boating. These activities promote physical fitness, mental health, and social interaction.

Conclusion:
Geographical features play a crucial role in shaping our world. They influence climate, provide natural resources, support agriculture, facilitate transportation, and offer opportunities for recreation. Understanding their importance is essential for sustainable development and environmental conservation.


text: SNOWMAN. SNOWMAN Network Knowledge for sustainable soils. Sustainable management of soil and groundwater under the pressure of soil pollution and soil contamination. Basic Information. Description. SNOWMAN Network is NOT an ERA-Net, but a self sustaining network.. Main research priorities of the network. Sustainable use of Soil and Groundwater. Implementing Socio-economical sciences in relation to the sustainable use of soil and groundwater.. Research fields covered by the network. - Environment. - Food, agriculture and fisheries. - Socio-economics sciences and humanities. Target Groups. - Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). - Public Research Organisations (PROs). - Private and Semi-private Research and Technology Organisations (RTOs). - SME (Small and Medium Enterprises). - Large Corporations

textbook:
Lesson Title: Sustainable Management of Soil and Groundwater

Introduction:
Soil and groundwater are essential resources for human life, and their sustainable management is crucial for maintaining ecological balance and ensuring food security. However, soil pollution and contamination pose significant challenges to sustainable land management. In this lesson, we will explore the SNOWMAN Network's approach to sustainable soil and groundwater management.

Section 1: Basic Information
- The SNOWMAN Network is a self-sustaining network that focuses on sustainable soil and groundwater management.
- It is not an ERA-Net, which means it does not receive funding from the European Union.
- The network brings together higher education institutions, public research organizations, private and semi-private research and technology organizations, small and medium enterprises, and large corporations.

Section 2: Main Research Priorities
- Sustainable use of soil and groundwater
- Implementing socio-economic sciences in relation to sustainable use of soil and groundwater

Section 3: Research Fields Covered by the Network
- Environment
- Food, agriculture, and fisheries
- Socio-economic sciences and humanities

Section 4: Target Groups
- Higher education institutions (HEIs)
- Public research organizations (PROs)
- Private and semi-private research and technology organizations (RTOs)
- Small and medium enterprises (SMEs)
- Large corporations

Section 5: Conclusion
In conclusion, sustainable management of soil and groundwater is essential for maintaining ecological balance and ensuring food security. The SNOWMAN Network provides a platform for collaborative research and knowledge sharing among various stakeholders. By focusing on sustainable use, implementing socio-economic sciences, and covering environmental, agricultural, and socio-economic research fields, the network contributes to the development of innovative solutions for sustainable soil and groundwater management.

Glossary:
- SNOWMAN Network: A self-sustaining network focused on sustainable soil and groundwater management
- ERA-Net: A European Union initiative that funds research networks
- Soil pollution: Contamination of soil by hazardous substances
- Soil contamination: Presence of hazardous substances in soil that can harm humans, animals, or the environment
- Socio-economic sciences: Branches of knowledge that study the relationship between society and economy
- Humanities: Branches of knowledge that study human culture, such as history, literature, and philosophy.


text:
Updating, Educating, Entertaining you…

How to overcome anger – Research

There is much more to helping someone with anger issues than teaching them to manage their rage, research has shown.

Persons who responds violently, be it physically or verbally, need to change their behavior. They can do this by identifying signs of lower levels of anger so that they can address it long before the explosions – at a time when the feeling is more manageable.

Alternatively, if their anger overwhelms them too quickly, they can learn to walk away, count to 10, or engage in some other distraction until the intensity lessens. All of these skills can be helpful, but they still leave the person with unexpressed painful feelings, which will very likely continue to build.

According to WebMD, contrary to popular belief, research tells us that venting anger does not get it out of your system. Instead, it tends to increase the feeling. Behaviors such as punching a pillow, laying on your car horn, or shouting obscenities often make people angrier. Although people sometimes report feeling better after venting, they have also stirred and inflamed their anger. I suspect that any relief they feel is due to the physical exertion of energy. If they went for a run or lifted weights, they might notice that they could lessen the buildup of emotional energy while giving their anger a chance to cool down. Yet, even then, the angry feelings would still be there and need to be dealt with.

It can help to think of anger as an emotional reaction to a perception of what’s being communicated – which runs deeper than the feeling itself. For instance, if an abusive husband learns to curb his violent outbursts, he may still struggle with the belief that his wife sees him as weak or insignificant, and with his fear that she might leave him. Maybe his wife is communicating these messages or maybe his understanding has more to do with his inner struggles. Either way, by learning to tolerate vulnerable feelings well enough to reflect on the experience, he will be better able to find healthier ways of coping. For instance, he might talk with her about his concerns and give her a chance to explain what she really meant.

So, while managing or controlling anger can be helpful, it does not resolve “anger issues.” People who struggle with such issues must also learn to tolerate their many emotions. They must face the sense of vulnerability with courage, perhaps with the help of therapy. By processing their thoughts and feelings, they can release themselves from the grips of their out-of-control anger. Rather than exerting a violent, reactive “strength” pumped up to overpower their sense of vulnerability, they can express a more secure strength – without aggression – that is rooted deep within.

textbook:
Lesson: Overcoming Anger - Research

### Introduction

Anger is an emotion that everyone experiences at some point in their lives. However, when anger becomes frequent and unmanageable, it can lead to personal and social problems. This lesson will teach you about research on overcoming anger and provide practical strategies to help you manage your anger effectively.

### Section 1: Understanding Anger

**Theory:** Anger is a natural response to perceived threats or challenges. It is an emotion that arises when we feel our personal boundaries are being violated or when we experience a sense of injustice.

**Practical Example:** Imagine you are driving on the highway and someone cuts you off. You feel your blood pressure rising, and you start honking your horn aggressively. In this situation, your anger is a response to the perceived threat of the other driver endangering your safety.

### Section 2: Identifying Early Signs of Anger

**Theory:** Recognizing early warning signs of anger can help you take steps to prevent it from escalating. Some common early signs of anger include increased heart rate, muscle tension, and feeling hot or flushed.

**Practical Example:** If you notice that you are starting to feel tense or agitated, take a few deep breaths and try to relax your muscles. This can help you calm down before your anger gets out of control.

### Section 3: Strategies for Managing Anger

**Theory:** There are several strategies you can use to manage your anger effectively. These include:

1. Relaxation techniques: Deep breathing, meditation, and yoga can all help you calm down when you feel angry.

2. Cognitive restructuring: This involves changing the way you think about situations that trigger your anger. For example, instead of blaming others for your problems, you can focus on what you can do to solve them.

3. Assertiveness training: This involves learning how to communicate your needs and boundaries without being aggressive or passive-aggressive.

**Practical Example:** Let's say you are in a heated argument with your partner. Instead of getting defensive or lashing out, try taking a step back and calmly expressing your feelings without attacking your partner. For example, you could say, "I feel hurt when you speak to me like that. Can we please have a calm conversation?"

### Glossary

- Anger: A strong feeling of displeasure or hostility towards someone or something.
- Emotion: A strong feeling or reaction to a particular situation or stimulus.
- Perceived threat: A situation where someone feels threatened or endangered.
- Personal boundary: A line that separates oneself from others and defines what is acceptable behavior.
- Injustice: A situation where someone feels treated unfairly or unjustly.

### Conclusion

Managing anger effectively requires understanding its causes and recognizing early warning signs. By practicing relaxation techniques, cognitive restructuring, and assertiveness training, you can learn to express your needs and boundaries without becoming aggressive or passive-aggressive. Remember, it takes time and practice to master these skills, so be patient with yourself and keep trying.


text: President emphasizes strength, particularly military and economic strength, as well as increased border security and immigration reform, deterrence of cyber actors, and a commitment to “pursue terrorist threats to their source.” The NSS also promises to address trade imbalances, protect American intellectual property, and “pursue cooperation with reciprocity” with other nations.. For more information on the national security strategy, please follow the links below.. A new National Security Strategy for a New Era, White House. Trump Announces New Whole-of-Government National Security Strategy, Department of Defense

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding National Security Strategy

Introduction:
National security is a critical aspect of any government's policy. It involves protecting the country's citizens, economy, and interests from external threats. The United States has recently released its new National Security Strategy (NSS), which outlines the country's approach to national security. In this lesson, we will explore the core values of the NSS and understand its importance in today's world.

Core Value:
The core value of the NSS is to protect the United States' interests by promoting military and economic strength, increasing border security, and addressing cyber threats.

Section 1: Military and Economic Strength
Topic: Importance of Military and Economic Strength
Objective: Explain why military and economic strength are essential for national security.

Theoretical Concept: Realism
Why do countries need military and economic strength?
- Military strength helps protect a country's interests and citizens from external threats.
- Economic strength allows a country to influence global affairs and support its military.

Practical Example:
- If a country has a strong military, it can deter potential adversaries from attacking it.
- A strong economy allows a country to invest in its military and support its allies.

Discussion:
- How does military and economic strength help achieve national security?
- What are some examples of how these strengths can be used to protect a country's interests?

Section 2: Border Security and Immigration Reform
Topic: Importance of Border Security and Immigration Reform
Objective: Explain why border security and immigration reform are essential for national security.

Theoretical Concept: Sovereignty
Why is border security important for national security?
- Border security ensures that only authorized individuals enter a country, preventing potential threats.
- Immigration reform helps manage the flow of people into a country, reducing the risk of crime and terrorism.

Practical Example:
- A secure border prevents unauthorized individuals from entering a country and potentially causing harm.
- Immigration reform helps ensure that only legitimate immigrants enter a country, reducing the risk of crime and terrorism.

Discussion:
- How does border security contribute to national security?
- What are some challenges in implementing effective immigration reform?

Section 3: Deterring Cyber Actors
Topic: Importance of Addressing Cyber Threats
Objective: Explain why addressing cyber threats is essential for national security.

Theoretical Concept: Prevention
Why is addressing cyber threats important for national security?
- Cyber threats can compromise a country's infrastructure, economy, and military systems.
- Addressing these threats helps protect a country's interests and citizens.

Practical Example:
- Cyber attacks can lead to the theft of sensitive information or the disruption of critical systems.
- By addressing these threats, a country can prevent such attacks and protect its citizens.

Discussion:
- How do cyber threats pose a risk to national security?
- What are some ways to address cyber threats effectively?

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding the National Security Strategy is crucial for anyone interested in politics, international relations, or national security. The core value of the NSS is to promote military and economic strength, increase border security, and address cyber threats. These values are essential for protecting a country's interests and citizens from external threats. By studying the NSS, we can better understand how national security policies are formed and implemented.

Glossary:
- National Security Strategy (NSS): A document that outlines a country's approach to national security.
- Realism: A theoretical concept that emphasizes the importance of power and national interest in international relations.
- Sovereignty: The right of a country to govern itself without external interference.
- Prevention: A theoretical concept that emphasizes preventing potential threats before they occur.


text: Our unique set of values, our culture, our dedication to learning and development and our collaborative environment makes Stanton House a great place to work. Since launching in October 2010 we have established five profitable offices, grown to 85 people and developed a customer focused proposition that has laid the foundations for continued growth.. To find out if a career at Stanton House is right for you please click on the description below that best describes you:. Have you ever considered moving to Hong Kong?. Learn more about the Stanton House story

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Business Success

**Section 1: What is Business Success?**
Business success refers to the ability of a company to achieve its goals and objectives while maintaining profitability and growth. It involves creating value for customers, generating revenue, and building a sustainable competitive advantage.

**Section 2: Why is Business Success Important?**
Business success is important because it helps companies stay afloat, grow, and remain competitive in the market. A successful business can provide job opportunities, contribute to economic development, and improve the quality of life of its employees and customers.

**Section 3: How Can You Achieve Business Success?**
Achieving business success requires a combination of strategic planning, effective execution, and continuous improvement. Here are some key steps to follow:

1. Define your goals and objectives: Identify what you want to achieve and set clear, measurable targets.

2. Develop a competitive advantage: Determine what makes your business unique and leverage it to stand out from the competition.

3. Focus on customer needs: Understand your customers' needs and preferences, and create products or services that meet them.

4. Build a strong brand: Create a memorable identity that resonates with your target audience and differentiates you from others.

5. Manage finances effectively: Keep track of your income, expenses, and cash flow to ensure financial stability and growth.

6. Continuously innovate: Stay ahead of the curve by introducing new products, services, or technologies that add value to your business.

**Section 4: Examples of Business Success**
There are many examples of successful businesses across different industries. Here are a few:

1. Apple: This technology giant has revolutionized the mobile phone industry with its innovative products and sleek designs.

2. Amazon: This online retailer started as a small bookstore and has grown into one of the largest companies in the world, offering a wide range of products and services.

3. Coca-Cola: This beverage giant has been able to create a strong brand identity and loyal following by offering a variety of refreshing drinks.

**Section 5: Conclusion**
In conclusion, business success requires a combination of strategic planning, effective execution, and continuous improvement. By focusing on customer needs, building a strong brand, and managing finances effectively, companies can achieve long-term success and growth.


text: If you spend $25 or more, live within a 5 mile radius of the store and would like free local delivery, please let us know in the notes and we will refund the shipping for you!. Regular price. $20.00. Sale. Hermione basically did all the heavy lifting and solved all the big mysteries facing the trio. What was her secret, besides her exceptional talent and intelligence? "When in doubt, go to the library.". Each purchase helps to fund literacy programs and book donations to communities in need.. From Out of Print

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Reading Books

Introduction:
Reading books is a great way to learn new things, expand your knowledge, and improve your communication skills. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of reading books and how it can benefit you in various aspects of your life.

Section 1: Why Read Books?
Topic 1: Improves Cognitive Abilities
- Reading books stimulates your brain and improves cognitive abilities such as memory, concentration, and problem-solving skills.
- Reading books also helps you develop critical thinking skills and improves your ability to analyze information.

Topic 2: Enhances Vocabulary and Communication Skills
- Reading books exposes you to new words and phrases, which helps you expand your vocabulary and communicate more effectively.
- Reading books also helps you understand how language works and how to use it correctly in different contexts.

Topic 3: Increases Knowledge and Understanding
- Reading books is an excellent way to gain knowledge and understanding on various subjects.
- Reading books also helps you understand different cultures, histories, and perspectives, which can broaden your understanding of the world.

Section 2: How to Read Books Effectively
Topic 1: Choose the Right Books
- Choose books that interest you and are relevant to your goals and interests.
- Look for books that have positive reviews, are written by reputable authors, or cover topics that you want to learn more about.

Topic 2: Set Reading Goals
- Set realistic reading goals for yourself, such as reading a certain number of pages or books per week.
- Use a reading tracker to keep track of your progress and motivate yourself to reach your goals.

Topic 3: Take Notes While Reading
- Take notes while reading to help you remember important points and ideas.
- Use a notebook and pen or a digital note-taking tool to jot down key points and quotes.

Section 3: Real-World Applications of Reading Books
Topic 1: Improves Writing Skills
- Reading books helps you understand how writers structure sentences, use language, and create effective writing.
- Reading books also helps you identify common writing mistakes and learn how to avoid them.

Topic 2: Enhances Creativity and Imagination
- Reading books stimulates your creativity and imagination, which can help you come up with new ideas and solutions to problems.
- Reading books also helps you understand different perspectives and viewpoints, which can inspire new ways of thinking.

Topic 3: Improves Empathy and Emotional Intelligence
- Reading books allows you to experience different emotions and perspectives, which can help you develop empathy and emotional intelligence.
- Reading books also helps you understand how other people think and feel, which can improve your relationships and communication skills.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, reading books is an essential skill that can benefit you in various aspects of your life. By reading books, you can improve your cognitive abilities, enhance your vocabulary and communication skills, increase your knowledge and understanding, and develop creativity and empathy. By following the tips provided in this lesson, you can read books effectively and apply the skills learned to new problems and situations.


text: Premier Guitar’s Rebecca Dirks is on location at Park West in Chicago, IL, where she catches up with Living Colours’ Vernon Reid and Doug Wimbish in April 2013 during the Living Colour Vivid 25th Anniversary Tour. - Posted by. We’re happy to announce that we’ll be performing June 30th at the Rock Al Parque Festival in Bogata, Columbia!. Stay tuned here and also by joining the Living Colour facebook page.Posted by. Living Colour will be performing at the inaugural LIFE IS BEAUTIFUL festival in Las Vegas, Nevada October 26th weekend. Date and time to be determined. Tickets on sale FridayPosted by

textbook:
Lesson Title: Learning from Interviews

Introduction:
Interviews are an excellent source of information about people's lives, experiences, and opinions. They provide valuable insights into the subject's personality, motivations, and perspectives. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and analyze interviews to gain knowledge and understanding.

Section 1: Understanding Interviews

Topic 1: What is an interview?
An interview is a conversation between two or more people where one person asks questions to elicit information from the other participant. Interviews can be conducted for various purposes such as research, journalism, or entertainment.

Topic 2: Types of Interviews
There are different types of interviews, including structured, semi-structured, and unstructured interviews. In a structured interview, the interviewer asks a set of predetermined questions in a specific order. In a semi-structured interview, the interviewer has some flexibility in asking questions, but the questions are not entirely open-ended. In an unstructured interview, the interviewer asks questions spontaneously and allows the interviewee to guide the conversation.

Topic 3: How to Analyze an Interview
To analyze an interview, you need to read carefully and actively listen to what the interviewee says. Pay attention to their tone, body language, and the context in which they are speaking. You should also consider the interviewer's questions and follow-ups, as they can provide additional information and insight into the interviewee's responses.

Section 2: Analyzing Interviews

Topic 1: Identifying Themes and Topics
As you read the interview, look for themes and topics that emerge. These may include the interviewee's background, experiences, opinions, and perspectives. You can identify these themes by looking for patterns in the interviewee's responses and the interviewer's questions.

Topic 2: Identifying Key Quotes
Key quotes are short statements that capture the essence of what the interviewee is saying. Look for quotes that convey a strong message, evoke emotions, or provide insight into the interviewee's thoughts or experiences.

Topic 3: Evaluating Credibility and Reliability
When analyzing an interview, you need to evaluate its credibility and reliability. Credibility refers to the believability of the information presented, while reliability refers to the trustworthiness of the source. Consider factors such as the interviewee's expertise, the context in which the interview was conducted, and any potential biases or conflicts of interest.

Section 3: Applying Interview Analysis Skills

Topic 1: Understanding People's Perspectives
By analyzing interviews, you can gain a deeper understanding of people's perspectives and experiences. This can help you empathize with others, appreciate diverse viewpoints, and make informed decisions.

Topic 2: Making Informed Decisions
Interview analysis can also help you make informed decisions. By understanding people's perspectives, you can make more informed choices based on their needs, preferences, and values.

Topic 3: Improving Communication Skills
Analyzing interviews can also improve your communication skills. By learning how to ask probing questions and listen actively, you can become a better interviewer and communicator.

Conclusion:
Interviews are valuable sources of information that can help us learn about people's lives, experiences, and opinions. By analyzing interviews, we can gain knowledge and understanding that can help us make informed decisions, empathize with others, and improve our communication skills.

Glossary:
- Interview: A conversation between two or more people where one person asks questions to elicit information from the other participant.
- Structured interview: A type of interview where the interviewer asks a set of predetermined questions in a specific order.
- Semi-structured interview: A type of interview where the interviewer has some flexibility in asking questions but does not have an entirely open-ended approach.
- Unstructured interview: A type of interview where the interviewer asks questions spontaneously and allows the interviewee to guide the conversation.
- Theme: A recurring idea or topic in an interview.
- Key quote: A short statement that captures the essence of what the interviewee is saying.
- Credibility: The believability of the information presented.
- Reliability: The trustworthiness of the source.


text: Canadian Film Survey. We want your opinion!. In the upcoming months we will be featuring a series of writings on Canadian films. We would like you to help us determine our list of what may be considered gems. You can help by reviewing the titles and let us know which ones you like, seen, not seen or have no interest in seeing.. The survey is anonymous and takes only a few minutes to complete. Click on the link to begin the survey..

textbook:
Lesson: How to Conduct a Survey

### Section 1: Introduction
A survey is a research method used to collect data from a sample of people. Surveys are commonly used to gather information about people's opinions, behaviors, and attitudes. In this lesson, we will learn how to conduct a survey, including how to design the questionnaire, select the sample, and analyze the results.

### Section 2: Designing the Questionnaire
The first step in conducting a survey is to design the questionnaire. A questionnaire is a set of questions that are asked to a sample of people to gather information. Here are some tips for designing an effective questionnaire:

1. Start with a clear objective: Before you start designing the questionnaire, you should have a clear idea of what you want to achieve with the survey. This will help you focus on the most important questions and avoid irrelevant ones.

2. Keep it simple: The questions should be straightforward and easy to understand. Avoid using technical jargon or complex language that might confuse the respondents.

3. Use closed-ended questions: Closed-ended questions are those that can be answered with a simple "yes" or "no." These types of questions are easier to answer and analyze, and they help to reduce the number of possible responses.

4. Use open-ended questions: Open-ended questions are those that require a more detailed response. These types of questions can help you get a better understanding of the respondent's opinions or experiences.

5. Use multiple-choice questions: Multiple-choice questions are those that allow the respondent to choose one or more answers from a list of options. These types of questions are useful when you want to measure people's preferences or attitudes towards a particular topic.

6. Use rating scales: Rating scales are used to measure people's opinions or feelings about a particular topic. For example, you could ask people to rate their level of satisfaction with a product on a scale from 1 to 10.

7. Avoid leading questions: Leading questions are those that suggest a particular answer or response. These types of questions can lead to inaccurate results, so you should avoid them.

8. Pilot test the questionnaire: Before you start conducting the survey, you should pilot test the questionnaire with a small group of people to see if it works well and if the questions are clear and easy to understand.

### Section 3: Selecting the Sample
After you have designed the questionnaire, the next step is to select the sample. The sample is the group of people who will answer the survey. Here are some tips for selecting a representative sample:

1. Define the population: Before you start selecting the sample, you should define the population that you want to study. This could be a particular group of people (e.g., all adults in a certain city) or a specific topic (e.g., all products in a particular category).

2. Determine the sample size: Once you have defined the population, you should determine the sample size. The sample size is the number of people who will participate in the survey. The larger the sample size, the more accurate the results will be.

3. Select the sample: After you have determined the sample size, you should select the sample. There are several methods for selecting a sample, such as random sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling. The best method will depend on the population and the research objectives.

4. Ensure representation: To ensure that the sample is representative of the population, you should make sure that it includes people from all relevant subgroups. For example, if you are studying the opinions of all adults in a certain city, you should make sure that your sample includes people from different age groups, genders, and ethnicities.

### Section 4: Analyzing the Results
After you have collected the data, the final step is to analyze the results. Here are some tips for analyzing the results of a survey:

1. Clean the data: Before you start analyzing the results, you should clean the data by removing any errors or inconsistencies.

2. Calculate the descriptive statistics: Descriptive statistics are used to summarize the data and provide information about the sample and the variables. For example, you could calculate the mean, median, and mode for each variable.

3. Test the hypotheses: If you have formulated any hypotheses before conducting the survey, you should test them using statistical tests such as t-tests, chi-square tests, and ANOVA.

4. Interpret the results: After you have tested the hypotheses, you should interpret the results to see if they support your original ideas. You should also look for any patterns or trends in the data.

5. Report the results: Finally, you should report the results of the survey in a clear and concise manner. You should use tables, graphs, and charts to present the data and highlight the most important findings.

### Glossary
- Sample: A group of people selected to participate in a survey.
- Population: The entire group of people that the survey is intended to represent.
- Sample size: The number of people who will participate in the survey.
- Representative sample: A sample that accurately represents the population.
- Descriptive statistics: Statistics that summarize and describe the sample and the variables.
- Hypotheses: Predictions about the relationships between variables.
- Statistical tests: Tests used to determine whether the hypotheses are supported by the data.
- Interpret: To explain the meaning of the results.
- Report: To present the results of the survey in a clear and concise manner.

### Conclusion
In conclusion, conducting a survey is a valuable research method that can help you gather information about people's opinions, behaviors, and attitudes. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can design an effective questionnaire, select a representative sample, and analyze the results to draw meaningful conclusions. With these skills, you can apply them to new problems and gain a deeper understanding of the world around you.


text: Another bunny has made it's way into my home today! He's definitely primitive but he wanted to feel a little more dressed up for his big day. What better way than to add some glitter!. I love the contrast of the two styles together. I may have to do this more often with some of my designs.. This bunny shows the wood burning technique that I love to use. It's so simple and it helps to define any lines added to my designs. I have been using this technique for many years and I absolutely love it!. Oh he is sweet! I love that he's been glittered up too!. I am now following you!

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Wood Burning

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Wood burning, also known as pyrography, is the process of using a heated tool to burn designs onto wood surfaces. This art form has been around for centuries and is used to create beautiful pieces of art, furniture, and home decor.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
To get started with wood burning, you will need a few supplies. These include a wood burning tool, such as a pen or a set of nibs, a heat source like a candle or a torch, and a piece of wood. You can start with a small piece of scrap wood until you get the hang of it.

Once you have your supplies, you can begin to practice your designs. Start by drawing simple shapes like circles and lines. As you become more comfortable, you can try more complex designs like animals or flowers.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Wood burning is a versatile skill that can be used in many different ways. For example, you can use it to personalize furniture or create unique gifts for friends and family. You can also use it to create stunning works of art that can be displayed in your home or sold to collectors.

## Glossary
- Wood burning tool: A pen or set of nibs that are heated up and used to burn designs onto wood surfaces.
- Heat source: A candle or torch that is used to heat up the wood burning tool.
- Piece of wood: A piece of wood that is used as a surface for wood burning.
- Scrap wood: A small piece of wood that is used for practicing designs.
- Designs: Patterns or images that are created by wood burning.
- Art: Pieces of artwork that are created using wood burning techniques.

## Conclusion
Wood burning is a fun and creative hobby that can be enjoyed by people of all ages. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can learn how to create beautiful designs on wood surfaces. With practice and patience, you will be able to create stunning works of art that will impress your friends and family.


text: Digital Library of Appalachia. Vardy Valley was greatly changed when the tornado came in 1933 (March). Many of the houses were very much like the Penn. Dutch style. Harrison Collins' house was badly damaged which was replaced by a much smaller house. Grant Collins' house was replaced by a smaller house. Andy Gibson was damaged but not enough for replacement. The Gibson house finally burned down. Clay Miser's house was a beautiful house which had beautiful carving and big upper level porch and ground floor front porch.. Click tabs to swap between content that is broken into logical sections.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Historical Context in Understanding a Community

**Introduction**

In this lesson, we will explore the importance of historical context in understanding a community. We will focus on the Digital Library of Appalachia and the changes that occurred in Vardy Valley after a tornado in 1933. This lesson is appropriate for primary through high school students who are interested in learning about the impact of history on communities.

**Section 1: Theoretical Concepts**

Historical context refers to the events, people, and ideas that shape a particular time and place. It is essential for understanding how communities evolve over time and how they respond to changes in their environment. By studying historical context, we can gain insights into the values, beliefs, and behaviors of people in the past and present.

**Section 2: Practical Examples**

Let's consider the example of Vardy Valley in the Digital Library of Appalachia. In 1933, a tornado caused significant damage to the community, including the destruction of many houses. After the tornado, the community rebuilt, but the houses were smaller and simpler than before. This change reflects the economic and social conditions of the time, as well as the impact of the natural disaster. By studying the historical context of Vardy Valley, we can better understand why the community changed in this way.

**Section 3: Real-World Scenarios**

Real-world scenarios are an excellent way to apply theoretical concepts to real-life situations. For example, let's imagine that we are studying the impact of a hurricane on a coastal community. By analyzing the historical context of the region, we can identify patterns of storm activity and understand how the community has responded to similar events in the past. This information can help us predict how the community might respond to the current hurricane and inform our response efforts.

**Glossary**

- Historical context: the events, people, and ideas that shape a particular time and place.
- Theoretical concepts: ideas or theories that explain a particular phenomenon.
- Practical examples: real-life situations that illustrate theoretical concepts.
- Real-world scenarios: hypothetical situations that simulate real-life events or conditions.

**Conclusion**

Understanding the historical context of a community is essential for appreciating its evolution and responding effectively to changes in its environment. By studying historical context, we can gain insights into the values, beliefs, and behaviors of people in the past and present. This knowledge can help us make informed decisions and take effective action to address current challenges.


text: Media. October 1, 2019. Acknowledging early on the importance and significance of migration, the Migration research team has developed innovative research projects in response to new and old challenges of contemporary human mobility.. ELIAMEP’s team provides research, analysis, and evaluation of migration and refugee policies at national and European level.. It also seeks to formulate pragmatic recommendations to the challenges and opportunities that migration brings for Greece and the European Union.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Migration Research

## Section 1: What is Migration Research?
Migration research is the study of human movement from one place to another. It involves analyzing the causes, patterns, and consequences of migration, as well as developing policies to address the challenges and opportunities that come with it.

## Section 2: Why is Migration Research Important?
Migration research is important because it helps us understand the complexities of human mobility and its impact on society. It provides insights into the factors that drive people to move, such as economic opportunities, political instability, and climate change. Additionally, migration research helps policymakers develop effective policies that promote the integration of migrants into society while ensuring that their rights are protected.

## Section 3: How does Migration Research Work?
Migration researchers use a variety of methods to collect and analyze data. They may conduct surveys, interviews, and focus groups to gather information about the experiences of migrants and their families. They also use statistical models to analyze demographic, economic, and social trends related to migration. Based on their findings, they develop policy recommendations that aim to improve the lives of migrants and their communities.

## Section 4: What are some examples of Migration Research Projects?
Some examples of migration research projects include studying the impact of migration on economic growth, examining the effects of migration policies on migrant integration, and analyzing the role of civil society organizations in promoting the rights of migrants.

## Section 5: What are the benefits of Migration Research?
The benefits of migration research are numerous. By providing policymakers with evidence-based recommendations, migration research can help create policies that are effective, efficient, and equitable. Additionally, migration research can help raise awareness about the challenges and opportunities associated with human mobility, leading to greater empathy and understanding among the general public.

## Glossary:
- Migration: The movement of people from one place to another
- Policymakers: People who develop and implement policies
- Integration: The process by which migrants become full members of their new community
- Rights: Legal protections that ensure fair treatment for all individuals

## Conclusion:
Migration research is an important field of study that helps us understand the complexities of human mobility and its impact on society. By providing evidence-based recommendations, migration research can help policymakers create policies that promote the integration of migrants while protecting their rights. As students, it is important to understand the importance of migration research and how it contributes to our society.


text: As part of a large, end-to-end supply chain transformation, a multinational life science company was implementing a new cloud-based procurement system. In order to ensure success, the global procurement team needed to adopt an entirely new way of working. The head of strategic project delivery and global procurement reached out to BTG for support in developing and fulfilling training needs across a wide portfolio of stakeholder groups.. BTG delivered a former senior consultant at PwC and IBM—who was experienced at creating both online and in-person training modules—to collaborate closely with content and process owners to determine training needs and then develop a curriculum to support the company’s change initiative.. We take our clients' confidentiality seriously. We've changed their names, but the results are real. For further details, email us at info@businesstalentgroup.com or complete the Learn More form on this page.

textbook:
Lesson: Supply Chain Transformation

## Section 1: Introduction to Supply Chain Transformation

Supply chain transformation is the process of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of a company's supply chain. This can involve changes to the way products are sourced, produced, and delivered to customers. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of supply chain transformation, its benefits, and how it can be achieved.

### Question: What is supply chain transformation?
Answer: Supply chain transformation is the process of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of a company's supply chain. This can involve changes to the way products are sourced, produced, and delivered to customers.

## Section 2: Importance of Supply Chain Transformation

Supply chain transformation is crucial for companies that want to stay competitive in today's fast-paced business environment. A well-optimized supply chain can lead to cost savings, improved customer satisfaction, and increased profitability.

### Question: Why is supply chain transformation important?
Answer: Supply chain transformation is important because it helps companies improve their overall performance by reducing costs, improving customer satisfaction, and increasing profitability.

### Question: What are the benefits of supply chain transformation?
Answer: The benefits of supply chain transformation include reduced costs, improved customer satisfaction, increased profitability, better product quality, and faster time-to-market.

## Section 3: How to Achieve Supply Chain Transformation

Achieving supply chain transformation requires a comprehensive approach that involves analyzing the current state of the supply chain, identifying areas for improvement, and implementing changes.

### Question: How can companies achieve supply chain transformation?
Answer: Companies can achieve supply chain transformation by following a comprehensive approach that involves analyzing the current state of the supply chain, identifying areas for improvement, and implementing changes.

### Question: What steps should companies take to achieve supply chain transformation?
Answer: Companies should follow these steps to achieve supply chain transformation:

1. Analyze the current state of the supply chain: Companies should conduct a thorough analysis of their supply chain to identify areas for improvement.

2. Identify areas for improvement: Based on the analysis, companies should identify areas that require improvement, such as sourcing, production, or distribution.

3. Develop a transformation plan: Once the areas for improvement have been identified, companies should develop a transformation plan that outlines the steps they will take to improve their supply chain.

4. Implement changes: Companies should implement the changes outlined in their transformation plan, which may involve changes to processes, systems, or organizational structure.

5. Monitor progress: Companies should continuously monitor their progress to ensure that they are achieving their goals and making progress towards supply chain transformation.

## Conclusion

In conclusion, supply chain transformation is crucial for companies that want to stay competitive in today's fast-paced business environment. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, companies can achieve supply chain transformation and reap the benefits of improved efficiency, effectiveness, and profitability.


text: Explorer becomes youngest person to reach the South Pole on their own after 51-day trek across Antarctica. When.. While some of it was down to distracting himself by listening to music and various podcasts, Matthieu also showed a lot of mental resilience.. "I was thinking about future plans and projects. It's such a beautiful place that boredom and loneliness just pass.".". Source: guinnessworldrecords

textbook:
Lesson: Perseverance and Mental Resilience

Introduction: In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of perseverance and mental resilience. These are essential qualities that help us overcome challenges and achieve our goals. We will explore how these qualities can be developed and applied in different scenarios.

Section 1: Understanding Perseverance and Mental Resilience

Topic 1: What is perseverance?
- Definition: Perseverance refers to the ability to persist in the face of challenges and obstacles.
- Example: Matthieu, the youngest person to reach the South Pole on his own, showed perseverance by continuing his journey despite the harsh conditions and isolation.

Topic 2: What is mental resilience?
- Definition: Mental resilience refers to the ability to bounce back from setbacks and challenges.
- Example: Matthieu's mental resilience helped him stay focused and motivated during his solo trek across Antarctica.

Section 2: Developing Perseverance and Mental Resilience

Topic 1: How can we develop perseverance?
- Strategies: Practice, preparation, and positive thinking can help develop perseverance.
- Example: Matthieu trained extensively for his solo trek to Antarctica, which helped him persevere through the challenges he faced.

Topic 2: How can we develop mental resilience?
- Strategies: Building a support network, practicing mindfulness, and seeking professional help when needed can help develop mental resilience.
- Example: Matthieu listened to music and podcasts to keep himself entertained and distracted during his solo trek, which helped him maintain his mental resilience.

Section 3: Applying Perseverance and Mental Resilience

Topic 1: How can we apply perseverance in our daily lives?
- Example: We can apply perseverance by setting goals and working hard to achieve them, even when faced with obstacles.

Topic 2: How can we apply mental resilience in our daily lives?
- Example: We can apply mental resilience by staying calm and focused during stressful situations and bouncing back from setbacks.

Glossary:
- Perseverance: The ability to persist in the face of challenges and obstacles.
- Mental resilience: The ability to bounce back from setbacks and challenges.

Conclusion: By developing perseverance and mental resilience, we can overcome challenges and achieve our goals. Matthieu's solo trek to the South Pole serves as an inspiring example of what can be achieved through hard work, dedication, and mental strength.


text:
Aparna Nancherla: Introvert Goes 'Corporate'

Enlarge this image toggle caption Mike Katzif/NPR Mike Katzif/NPR

Little known fact: Long before she was starring in a Super Bowl ad, Aparna Nancherla was an NPR intern! But the comedian and actor has a confession: "I did not know that much about NPR," she told Ophira Eisenberg, host of NPR's Ask Me Another at the Bell House in Brooklyn, New York. "I had friends in high school who listened to NPR, and I was like, 'Seems like something I should get in on.'" Nancherla spent time after college at NPR's Washington, D.C. office, working on the website — and struggling to recognize some well-known hosts. "People would be like, 'Oh, I was in the elevator with whoever,' and I was like, 'How did they know? 'Cuz it's radio,'" Nancherla joked.

Stand-up comedy proved to be a better fit. Nancherla performed for the first time on her 20th birthday — at an open mic night at a Best Western hotel. "It was really like where a lot of truckers went to have a drink, because it was where a lot of interstates... intersected. Pretty much a dream first time," she joked. "I do think I got a lot of sympathy because people were like, 'Why is she doing this?'" Nancherla added. "I think it was just a lot of loud white men and this little ghost."

Nancherla got her big break in 2013, when she did a stand-up set on Conan and became the first female South Asian comic to perform on late-night television — at least, according to her. "I will say that I and a friend planted this information in the news," Nancherla said. At the time, Nancherla was writing for Totally Biased with W. Kamau Bell with friend and fellow comic Hari Kondabolu. After the Conan spot, Nancherla and Kondabolu couldn't figure out if the comedian had made history. So they took matters into their own hands. "He said, 'I think you are [the first]. I'm gonna tip off Jezebel.' That's the most Brooklyn sentence ever said," Nancherla said. "We basically put it out there in the hopes of being corrected — and then we weren't."

Despite her success, Nancherla was privately battling depression and anxiety. When her struggles with mental health started to impinge on her ability to write, Nancherla said she needed to share her dark thoughts to prevent them from occupying too much space in her head. "I was like, 'I'll just write about this. If these voices are not gonna shut up, then I'm just gonna put 'em in the act," Nacherla said. While this vulnerability has restored her ability to create, Nancherla is also reluctant to solely joke about mental illness; for her, it's a balancing act. "Now sometimes I almost worry it's the opposite extent, like '[Depression and anxiety] run the show. 'We're you're brand now!'" she laughed. "No you're not! Get outta here, depression!"

Enlarge this image toggle caption Mike Katzif/NPR Mike Katzif/NPR

Nancherla also plays Grace on the Comedy Central series Corporate, which depicts the lives of office workers at a multinational corporation. "I think I based it on every office job I've ever had. And being like, half checked-out," Nancherla explained about how she tapped into her character. Nancherla temped when she lived in Los Angeles, but her main job was at a trade magazine, T&D Magazine, where she wrote about how to make employees do their jobs better. "So it was like a meta-job, and it was the worst job to be not invested in," Nancherla said. "I was writing articles on how to motivate your employees with 17 other tabs open."

For Nancherla's Ask Me Another challenge, Eisenberg quizzed the former psychology major and current dog-lover to a game called "Dognitive Psychology," in which the comedian had to answer questions about canine brain studies.

HIGHLIGHTS

On nearly attending West Point Military Academy:

"I think the simplest way to say it is, I grew up during the Gulf War and I fully was brainwashed by the military propaganda, in such a way that I was like, 'I have to serve my country.' It feels very vulnerable to say that in Brooklyn."

On why she was asked to appear in a recent Super Bowl commercial alongside crooner Michael Bublé:

"I have ideas: 'cuz it's a seltzer commercial, and the last late-night set I did had pro-seltzer material. So they were like, 'Who's not coming down hard on seltzer?'"

Head on Aparna Nancherla: Introvert Goes 'Corporate'

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Comedy

### Section 1: What is Comedy?
Comedy is an art form that aims to entertain and amuse people. It can take many forms, such as stand-up, sketch, improv, or even sitcoms. At its core, comedy is about finding humor in everyday life and making people laugh.

### Section 2: How does Comedy work?
Comedy works by playing off of our natural instinct to find pleasure in laughter. When we hear something funny, our brains release endorphins, which make us feel good. Comedians use various techniques to create humor, such as exaggeration, irony, sarcasm, or simply pointing out the absurdity of everyday life.

### Section 3: Types of Comedy
There are many different types of comedy, each with its own unique style and approach. Here are a few examples:

1. Stand-up: This type of comedy involves a single performer on stage, usually telling jokes and sharing personal anecdotes to make the audience laugh.

2. Sketch: Sketch comedy involves a group of performers creating short, often improvised scenes that are meant to be funny. Think of Saturday Night Live or Key & Peele.

3. Improv: Improvisational comedy is all about making up scenes and dialogue on the spot. Performers must be quick-witted and able to think on their feet to keep the audience entertained.

4. Sitcoms: Situation comedies, or sitcoms, are television shows that focus on humor through scripted situations and characters. Think of classics like Seinfeld or Friends.

### Glossary
- Comedy: An art form that aims to entertain and amuse people through humor.
- Endorphins: Chemicals released in the brain when we experience pleasure or happiness.
- Exaggeration: Using extreme or over-the-top examples to make something funnier.
- Irony: Saying one thing but meaning the opposite, often to create humor.
- Sarcasm: Using words to mock or insult someone, usually in a humorous way.
- Absurdity: Pointing out the ridiculousness of everyday life to create humor.

### Conclusion
Comedy is a fun and engaging way to entertain people and make them laugh. By understanding the different types of comedy and the techniques used to create humor, we can appreciate and enjoy this art form even more.


text: Renal surface. Facies renalis. Inferolaterally directed concave adrenal surface facing the kidney. F. Superior margin. Margo superior. Upper margin between the anterior and posterior surfaces of the adrenal gland. F. Medial margin. Margo medialis. Margin between the anterior and posterior surfaces of the adrenal gland. F. Hilum. Site of exit of central vein. It may be directed forward, downward or upward. F Central vein. Vena centralis. Principal vein of the adrenal gland. It exists anterosuperiorly or anteroinferiorly. F. Adrenal cortex. Part of the adrenal gland that originally developed from the coelomic epithelium. It is divided into three zones. G Adrenal medulla. Part ofthe adrenal gland that arises from the neural crest. It consists of chromaffin cells, sympathetic ganglion cells and venous sinuses. G. Accessory suprarenal glands. Glandulae su-prarenales accessoriae. Scattered adrenal glandular tissue..

textbook:
Lesson: Anatomy and Physiology of the Adrenal Gland

## Introduction
The adrenal gland is an essential organ in the human body that plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis. It is located above the kidneys and is responsible for producing hormones that regulate various bodily functions such as blood pressure, metabolism, and immune response. In this lesson, we will learn about the anatomy and physiology of the adrenal gland, including its structure, function, and the importance of its hormones.

## Section 1: Anatomy of the Adrenal Gland

### Subsection 1.1: Location and Structure
The adrenal gland is located on top of each kidney and is shaped like a triangle. It is divided into two parts: the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla. The adrenal cortex is the outer layer of the gland and is responsible for producing steroid hormones, while the adrenal medulla is the inner part of the gland and produces catecholamines.

### Subsection 1.2: Blood Supply
The adrenal gland receives blood from two sources: the renal artery and the suprarenal artery. The renal artery supplies blood to the kidneys and the adrenal gland, while the suprarenal artery directly supplies blood to the adrenal gland.

### Subsection 1.3: Nerve Supply
The adrenal gland is supplied by the sympathetic nervous system through the sympathetic trunk, which branches into the superior and inferior suprarenal arteries. These arteries supply blood to the adrenal medulla.

## Section 2: Physiology of the Adrenal Gland

### Subsection 2.1: Hormone Production
The adrenal cortex produces three main hormones: cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens. Cortisol is responsible for regulating metabolism, immune response, and blood pressure. Aldosterone helps regulate blood pressure by controlling the balance of sodium and potassium in the body. Androgens are responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics.

The adrenal medulla produces two hormones: epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones are responsible for the "fight or flight" response during times of stress.

### Subsection 2.2: Regulation of Hormone Production
The production of hormones by the adrenal gland is regulated by the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH then stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol.

## Section 3: Importance of the Adrenal Gland

The adrenal gland is essential for maintaining homeostasis in the body. Its hormones help regulate blood pressure, metabolism, immune response, and other vital functions. A deficiency or imbalance in adrenal hormones can lead to various health issues, such as Addison's disease or Cushing's syndrome.

## Conclusion
In conclusion, the adrenal gland is a crucial organ in the human body that plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis. By studying its anatomy and physiology, we can better understand the importance of this gland and its hormones in our overall health and well-being.

Glossary:
- Adrenal cortex: The outer layer of the adrenal gland that produces steroid hormones
- Adrenal medulla: The inner part of the adrenal gland that produces catecholamines
- Cortisol: A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates metabolism, immune response, and blood pressure
- Aldosterone: A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that helps regulate blood pressure by controlling the balance of sodium and potassium in the body
- Androgens: Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that are responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics
- Epinephrine: A hormone produced by the adrenal medulla that is responsible for the "fight or flight" response during times of stress
- Norepinephrine: A hormone produced by the adrenal medulla that is responsible for the "fight or flight" response during times of stress
- Hypothalamus: A region of the brain that regulates the production of hormones by the pituitary gland and adrenal gland
- Pituitary gland: A gland in the brain that releases hormones that stimulate the adrenal gland to produce hormones
- ACTH: A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol.


text: Round Seder Plate - made to orderseder_round. $ 140.00. Each of the six symbolic foods served on the Passover Seder Plate is represented inside of the slight indentations, written in Hebrew. Designs are screen printed in silver mica onto a wispy turquoise blue-white-clear glass. It is made to order, please allow an additional 2-4 weeks to make and ship.. The platter is screen printed, kiln formed glass. Designs are printed with glass enamels and/or micas, fused in a kiln to about 1400 degrees, then cold worked on wet saws and grinders, then returned to the kiln to slump or drape into/over molds to about 1250 degrees. The platter is about 10" round and has six separate sections that are about 1/2" deep.. These make great wedding and housewarming or new year gifts. They are food safe and while they are dishwasher safe (china cycle, please), we recommend hand washing (dishwasher detergent can etch glass over time, resulting in scratched and cloudy glassware).

textbook:
Lesson: How to Make a Round Seder Plate
## Introduction
A Seder plate is a ceremonial dish used during the Jewish Passover holiday. It is usually round and has six sections, each representing one of the symbolic foods served during the Seder meal. In this lesson, we will learn how to make a round Seder plate using kiln-formed glass.
## Materials
- Clear glass circle (10" diameter)
- Blue-white-clear glass
- Silver mica powder
- Glass enamels
- Wet saws and grinders
- Kiln
## Step 1: Design
Before you start making your Seder plate, you need to design it. You can use a computer program or sketch it by hand. Make sure to include six separate sections, each about 1/2" deep, to represent the symbolic foods.
## Step 2: Preparation
Once you have your design, you need to prepare your materials. Cut a clear glass circle that is 10" diameter. Mix the blue-white-clear glass with silver mica powder to create the turquoise blue color. Prepare your glass enamels and tools for screen printing.
## Step 3: Screen Printing
Screen printing is the process of transferring ink through a mesh screen onto the glass. Use your design to create a stencil and print the symbols in Hebrew onto the glass. Make sure to use a glass enamel that will adhere well to the glass.
## Step 4: Cold Working
Cold working is the process of shaping the glass without firing it in the kiln. Use wet saws and grinders to shape the glass into the six separate sections. Make sure to follow safety precautions and wear protective gear.
## Step 5: Slumping
Slumping is the process of firing the glass in the kiln to create a dome shape. Place the glass plate in the kiln and heat it to about 1250 degrees. Then, drape the blue-white-clear glass over the plate to create the turquoise blue color.
## Step 6: Finishing
Once the Seder plate is cooled, clean it with soap and water. Use a polishing compound to remove any scratches or imperfections. Finally, package it securely and send it to your customer.
## Conclusion
Making a round Seder plate is a fun and creative project that can be enjoyed by people of all ages. By following these steps, you can create a beautiful and unique piece of art that will be cherished for years to come.


text: Spinal Cord Injury Home Tuition Project Pakistan:. Home Visits 8. Description. Over 600 spinal cord injury (SCI) patients are estimated to have survived the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan .These SCI patients are mainly women and children who developed thoracic and lumbosacral spinal cord injuries with cauda-equina and adjacent vertebral and soft tissue damage. Some of them had spinal stabilization and other surgeries done. Very few quadriplegics with cervical (neck) SCI have survived, as they could not get medical support in tim. Goal The programme aims to promote productive and meaningful lives for children who have sustained Spinal Cord Injuries and their families.. Other Details. - Megapixels: 0. Download Sizes:. Print Quality Conversion:. - 600 dpi - 1.3" x 0.8". - 300 dpi - 2.6" x 1.7". - 150 dpi - 5.3" x 3.4". - 72 dpi - 11.1" x 7.1"

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Spinal Cord Injuries

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

A spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that results in temporary or permanent changes in its function. This can be caused by trauma, disease, or birth defects. Depending on the location and severity of the injury, it can result in a range of impairments, including paralysis, loss of sensation, and bowel and bladder dysfunction.

### Section 2: Questions and Answers

**Question:** What are the different types of spinal cord injuries?
**Answer:** There are two main types of spinal cord injuries: complete and incomplete. A complete injury means that there is no function below the level of the injury, while an incomplete injury means that some function remains below the level of the injury.

**Question:** How does a spinal cord injury affect the body?
**Answer:** A spinal cord injury can affect many parts of the body depending on the location and severity of the injury. For example, an injury to the cervical spine can result in quadriplegia, which is the loss of function in all four limbs.

### Section 3: Definitions and Examples

**Definition:** Paralysis refers to the loss of muscle function in part of the body. This can be partial or complete, and can affect the arms, legs, or both.

**Example:** A person with a C4 spinal cord injury may have partial or complete paralysis of the arms and legs, but still have some sensation and function in their torso.

**Definition:** Bowel and bladder dysfunction refers to problems with the normal functioning of the digestive and urinary systems. This can include constipation, incontinence, and difficulty emptying the bladder.

**Example:** A person with a T12 spinal cord injury may have difficulty controlling their bowel and bladder functions, requiring assistance with catheterization or other interventions.

### Section 4: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios

**Example:** A person with a T10 spinal cord injury may use a wheelchair and require assistance with daily activities such as dressing, bathing, and eating. They may also need to use adaptive equipment such as a handcycle or power chair to move around.

**Real-World Scenario:** A person with a C6 spinal cord injury may work as an accountant using adaptive technology to help with calculations and data entry. They may also rely on assistive devices such as a head-controlled mouse or eye-tracking software to navigate their computer and communicate with clients.

### Glossary

- **Spinal cord injury (SCI):** Damage to the spinal cord that results in temporary or permanent changes in its function.
- **Complete injury:** An injury where there is no function below the level of the injury.
- **Incomplete injury:** An injury where some function remains below the level of the injury.
- **Paralysis:** The loss of muscle function in part of the body.
- **Bowel and bladder dysfunction:** Problems with the normal functioning of the digestive and urinary systems.

### Conclusion

Understanding spinal cord injuries is important for anyone who may encounter someone with this condition, whether in a medical setting or in the community. By learning about the different types of injuries, their effects on the body, and practical examples of how people live with these injuries, we can better support and advocate for individuals with spinal cord injuries.