text:
ambipolar diffusion

ambipolar diffusion

(am-bee-poh -ler) A process by which magnetic flux and angular momentum are removed from dense cores in molecular clouds, ultimately leading to the collapse of the core and the formation of a low-mass star. See star formation.

Ambipolar Diffusion

or bipolar diffusion, the simultaneous transport, in an ionized medium, of charged particles of both signs (for example, electrons and positive ions), leading to a decrease of their concentration in the medium. Ambipolar diffusion can be seen very clearly in gas and liquid plasmas, which are ionized mediums where the densities of charge of both signs are equal to each other. If in such a medium the concentrations of charge carriers n+ and n~ change from one point to another (for example, decrease from level 1 to level 2, as shown in Figure 1), then the charge carriers (ions or electrons) diffuse from 1 to 2. The charge carriers which diffuse faster (for example, the positive ones) will at first move in great numbers from 1 to 2. As a result, level 2 will have an excess of that charge (in this case, positive) and level 1 will have an excess of the opposite charge. Therefore, an electric field will form between levels 1 and 2 (in this case, directed from 2 to 1); this will slow the movement of the more mobile carriers and speed the movement of the slower carriers. An equilibrium state will be reached when the intensity of field E is such that the transference velocities of charge carriers of both signs are equal to each other. This is what characterizes ambipolar diffusion. The flux of charge carriers v of either sign is determined by the combined effect of diffusion and the electrical field. The velocity of ambipolar diffusion is governed by a law similar to that governing the velocity of ordinary diffusion, but with a different coefficient.

Figure 1

Ambipolar diffusion takes place in liquids (electrolytes) when there is a difference in electrolyte concentrations. For example, when an acid is poured into water, the cations H+, which are more mobile than the acid anions, overtake the latter and produce a positive potential in regions of lower concentration. The resultant difference in potential between regions of different concentration can be measured and serves as a measure of the concentrational electromotive force which appears as a result of ambipolar diffusion.

Ambipolar diffusion can also take place in semiconductors which have free carriers of charges of both signs. Ambipolar diffusion plays an important role in gas discharge devices (phanotrons, thyratrons, and others).

ambipolar diffusion

[¦am·bē′pōl·ər dif′yü·zhən]

(physics)

The diffusion in a plasma of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, as a result of the almost exact local charge neutrality required.

Ambipolar diffusion is important at low gas densities, which occur at large distances from the star, Simon explained.

Simon explained that so far the most important outcome of his team's research into protoplanetary disk turbulence is the discovery that for turbulence levels to be large enough to agree with what observations suggest, a magnetic field perpendicular to the disk must be present; otherwise, the turbulence is rather weak because the ambipolar diffusion quenches the turbulence.

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textbook:
Lesson: Ambipolar Diffusion

Introduction:

In this lesson, we will learn about ambipolar diffusion, a process that occurs in ionized gases and liquids. Ambipolar diffusion is the movement of charged particles of both signs, such as electrons and positive ions, in opposite directions. This process helps to remove magnetic flux and angular momentum from dense cores in molecular clouds, ultimately leading to the collapse of the core and the formation of a low-mass star.

Core Concepts:

1. Ionized medium: An ionized medium is a substance in which the atoms or molecules are ionized, meaning that they have lost or gained electrons, creating charged particles.

2. Charge carriers: In an ionized medium, charged particles such as electrons and positive ions carry the electrical charge.

3. Magnetic flux: Magnetic flux is the measure of the amount of magnetic field that passes through a surface.

4. Angular momentum: Angular momentum is a vector quantity that measures the amount of rotation an object has around its axis.

5. Collapse: In astronomy, collapse refers to the sudden contraction of a celestial body, such as a molecular cloud, under the influence of gravity.

6. Low-mass star: A low-mass star is a star that has a smaller mass than our Sun.

Examples:

1. Consider a molecular cloud with a dense core. The magnetic flux and angular momentum within the core must be removed in order for the core to collapse and form a low-mass star. Ambipolar diffusion plays a crucial role in this process, as it helps to transport the magnetic flux and angular momentum away from the core.

2. In a plasma, ambipolar diffusion can be observed when charged particles of both signs move in opposite directions, leading to a decrease in their concentration in the medium. This can be seen in gas and liquid plasmas, where the densities of charge carriers are equal.

Questions and Answers:

1. What is ambipolar diffusion?
Answer: Ambipolar diffusion is the process by which charged particles of both signs, such as electrons and positive ions, move in opposite directions in an ionized medium.

2. What is the significance of ambipolar diffusion in star formation?
Answer: Ambipolar diffusion plays a crucial role in the process of star formation, as it helps to remove magnetic flux and angular momentum from dense cores in molecular clouds, ultimately leading to the collapse of the core and the formation of a low-mass star.

3. How does ambipolar diffusion occur in a plasma?
Answer: In a plasma, ambipolar diffusion occurs when charged particles of both signs, such as electrons and positive ions, move in opposite directions, leading to a decrease in their concentration in the medium.

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we have learned about ambipolar diffusion, a process that occurs in ionized gases and liquids. We have covered the core concepts, including what an ionized medium is, the role of charge carriers, and the significance of ambipolar diffusion in star formation. We have also explored examples of ambipolar diffusion and answered some questions to deepen our understanding of this process. By applying these concepts, we can better understand the complex processes that occur in the universe, such as star formation.


text: Exclusive offer for Sep 2016 - Mar 2017 only!. - View PDF to find out more!. All information is correct at time of printing, but maybe subject to change.. With over a decade of experience, serving hundreds of clients all over Singapore and Malaysia, Quirky Haus has established itself as a client centric and boutique interior design firm - dedicate to the needs of every client, individual or business. They say that successful use of space depends on the philosophy behind it, and the clever blend of practicality along with it.. Quirky Haus has spent years perfecting this blend; finding inspiration to adapt to every proect, and fully bring out the potential in every client's space. With three distinct companies under its umbrella, Quirky is able to handle interior design projects of any scale, and any specifications, be it residential or commercial projects.. -

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Interior Design

**Section 1: Theoretical Concepts**

Interior design is the process of shaping the physical environment to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing space. It involves the use of color, light, texture, and furniture to create an inviting and functional space. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of interior design and learn about the different elements that go into creating a well-designed room.

**Section 2: Practical Examples**

Let's take a look at a few practical examples of interior design. Imagine you are designing a bedroom for a client who loves neutral colors and wants a calming atmosphere. You could choose soft neutrals for the walls, add white or cream accents, and incorporate natural materials such as wood or linen. You could also add soft throw pillows and a cozy duvet to create a relaxing vibe.

Now, let's imagine you are designing a living room for a client who loves bold colors and patterns. You could choose a statement wallpaper or paint color and pair it with bold furniture pieces such as a velvet sofa or a patterned rug. You could also add pops of color with accent pillows and artwork.

**Section 3: Real-World Scenarios**

In this section, we will apply the concepts we have learned to real-world scenarios. Let's say you are designing a small apartment with limited space. You could use a cohesive color scheme to make the space feel more unified, and incorporate multifunctional furniture pieces such as a storage ottoman or a Murphy bed. You could also use mirrors and reflective surfaces to make the space feel larger.

Now, let's imagine you are designing a large commercial space such as a restaurant. You could use a consistent theme throughout the space, such as industrial chic or coastal, and incorporate elements such as Edison bulbs or shiplap walls to create a cohesive look. You could also use different levels of seating to create an inviting atmosphere, such as banquettes, bar stools, and table seating.

**Conclusion**

Interior design is a fascinating field that requires creativity, attention to detail, and a good understanding of spatial principles. By mastering the basics of interior design, you can create beautiful and functional spaces that meet the needs of your clients. Remember to always keep the client's vision in mind, and to experiment with different elements until you find the perfect blend.

**Glossary**

- Interior design: The process of shaping the physical environment to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing space.
- Color: The hue, saturation, and value of a color.
- Light: The amount of light that enters a space and affects the mood and ambiance.
- Texture: The surface quality of materials such as fabrics, wallpaper, and furniture.
- Furniture: The pieces of furniture that provide comfort and functionality in a space.

**Self-Debating Discussion**

What is your favorite element of interior design? Is it the color, light, texture, or furniture? Why do you think this element is important in creating a well-designed room?


text: Don't See What You're Looking For?Create an account. to receive job recommendations and notifications about new jobs that meet your skills.. Narrow Search. Category. Location. Olivehurst, CA (2) >> Olivehurst, CA (2) x Riverside, CA (2) >> Riverside, CA (2) x Chester, SC (1) >> Chester, SC (1) x Chino, CA (1) >> Chino, CA (1) x Cresson, TX (1) >> Cresson, TX (1) x Fort Madison, IA (1) >> Fort Madison, IA (1) x Geismar, LA (1) >> Geismar, LA (1) x. No jobs found using the supplied criteria.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Find Jobs that Match Your Skills
Introduction:
Finding a job that matches your skills can be challenging, especially if you don't know where to look or what to look for. In this lesson, we will teach you how to find jobs that match your skills by using different job search strategies and tools.
Section 1: Understanding Your Skills
The first step in finding a job that matches your skills is to understand what those skills are. Take some time to reflect on your strengths, experience, and education. Make a list of the skills you have acquired throughout your career.
Questions and Answers:
1. What are some examples of skills that employers look for in job candidates?
Answer: Some examples of skills that employers look for in job candidates include communication, problem-solving, teamwork, adaptability, and technical expertise.
2. How can I identify my skills?
Answer: You can identify your skills by looking at your past work experience, education, and training. You can also ask for feedback from colleagues, supervisors, or mentors.
Section 2: Job Search Strategies
Once you have identified your skills, you can use different job search strategies to find jobs that match them. Here are some strategies you can use:
1. Networking: Connect with people who work in your industry or field. Attend networking events, join professional organizations, and reach out to people on LinkedIn.
2. Online job boards: Use online job boards such as Indeed, Glassdoor, and Monster to search for jobs that match your skills.
3. Company websites: Visit the websites of companies that interest you and check their career pages for job openings.
4. Recruitment agencies: Work with recruitment agencies that specialize in your field or industry.
5. Social media: Use social media platforms such as LinkedIn, Twitter, and Facebook to find job opportunities.
Section 3: Tools to Help You Find Jobs
There are several tools you can use to help you find jobs that match your skills. Here are some examples:
1. Resume builders: Use resume builders to create a customized resume that highlights your skills and experience.
2. Job search engines: Use job search engines to find jobs that match your skills.
3. Job alerts: Sign up for job alerts from online job boards or company websites.
4. Skill assessment tools: Use skill assessment tools to identify your strengths and weaknesses.
Conclusion:
Finding a job that matches your skills takes time and effort, but it's worth it in the end. By understanding your skills, using different job search strategies, and using tools to help you find jobs, you can increase your chances of finding a job that suits your needs and abilities. Remember to always be open to learning new skills and adapting to new challenges.


text: January 18, 2013. Shop / fashion / Velvet Underground. Velvet Underground. The owner’s sharp eye and degree in art history informs the inventory at the aptly named Velvet Underground, a new consignment/vintage destination on one end of the Velvet Mill. Simple pipe racks, high ceilings and glossy wood floors banish the fusty image of a used clothing store forever. This one is fastidiously organized by color and oh, so easy to shop. It’s a great stop for party dresses under $100, a good selection of classic trenchcoats, men’s cashmere sweaters, I even spied a wedding gown!. I loved the vintage ensembles in checked wool with original G. Fox labels and an outlandish houndstooth maxi suit. In the works are some simple and classic shifts that Catherine, the owner, intends to whip up from vintage Vogue patterns. Currently open weekends only.. read these next. ERICA'S TOP FIVE LISTS

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Consignment Shopping

## Overview
In this lesson, we will learn about consignment shopping, its benefits, and how to find the best consignment stores. Consignment shopping is a process where a seller, usually an individual or a business, lists their items for sale on a consignment basis. The consignor receives a percentage of the sales price, while the consignee, or the store that sells the item, keeps the rest. This type of shopping has become increasingly popular over the years, as it offers a unique and affordable way to purchase high-quality items.

## Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

1. Define consignment shopping and explain its benefits.
2. Identify the best consignment stores and their locations.
3. Recognize the differences between consignment and thrift shopping.
4. Describe the process of consignment shopping and how to find the best deals.
5. Evaluate the quality and condition of consigned items before purchasing.

## Background Knowledge
To understand consignment shopping, it is essential to know the basics of shopping and consumer behavior. Consignment shopping is a form of retailing where products are sold on behalf of the product owner by a retailer, who then pays the owner a percentage of the sales price after the goods have been sold. Consignment shopping is often used by individuals or businesses that want to sell their products without having to invest in inventory or manage the logistics of distribution.

## Instructions
### Section 1: What is Consignment Shopping?
Consignment shopping is a type of retailing where products are sold on behalf of the product owner by a retailer, who then pays the owner a percentage of the sales price after the goods have been sold. This type of shopping has become increasingly popular over the years, as it offers a unique and affordable way to purchase high-quality items.

### Section 2: Benefits of Consignment Shopping
There are several benefits to consignment shopping, including:

1. Affordability: Consignment shopping allows you to purchase high-quality items at a fraction of the cost of buying new.
2. Sustainability: Consignment shopping promotes sustainable fashion by reducing the demand for new clothing and accessories.
3. Uniqueness: Consignment stores often carry one-of-a-kind items that you won't find anywhere else.
4. Supporting Local Businesses: Consignment stores are often owned and operated by local entrepreneurs, which means your purchase supports your community.

### Section 3: How to Find the Best Consignment Stores
To find the best consignment stores, you can start by searching online for consignment stores in your area. You can also ask friends and family for recommendations or check out online review sites like Yelp or Google Reviews. Once you have a list of potential stores, you can visit their websites or social media pages to see what types of items they carry and what their prices are like.

### Section 4: Differences Between Consignment and Thrift Shopping
While both consignment and thrift shopping involve purchasing pre-owned items, there are some key differences between the two. Consignment shopping typically involves higher-end, designer items that are sold on behalf of the product owner by a retailer, who then pays the owner a percentage of the sales price after the goods have been sold. Thrift shopping, on the other hand, usually involves donated items that are sold at a lower price point. Additionally, thrift stores tend to carry a wider range of items, including clothing, furniture, and household goods, while consignment stores typically focus on high-end fashion and accessories.

### Section 5: The Process of Consignment Shopping
The process of consignment shopping is relatively simple. First, you'll need to find a consignment store that carries the types of items you're interested in. Once you've found a store, you can browse their inventory and try on or inspect the items you're interested in purchasing. If you decide to buy an item, you'll pay the consignee, who will then pay the consignor a percentage of the sales price. Finally, you'll take your new purchase home and enjoy!

### Section 6: Evaluating Quality and Condition
Before purchasing any item, it's essential to evaluate its quality and condition. When consignment shopping, you may encounter items that are damaged, stained, or otherwise imperfect. To ensure you're getting a good deal, take a close look at the item's condition and ask the consignee any questions you may have. If possible, try on or inspect the item further to ensure it meets your expectations.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about consignment shopping, its benefits, and how to find the best consignment stores. We also discussed the differences between consignment and thrift shopping and the process of consignment shopping. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you'll be well on your way to finding great deals on high-quality, pre-owned items.


text: - Bachelor Education (Post Primary),. - Level 2 ActivStudio Curriculum Developer,. - 15 years teaching. I am a dynamic teacher of ICT, maths and science, with 17 years experience both in Australia and Internationally. I have been heavily involved in ICT throughout my teaching career, helping to steer the adoption of an e-learning environment and Promethean IWB’s at my previous school. I have been an integral part of the Empowered Learning team’s successful expansion into Queensland, providing schools with the quality Promethean classroom solution. I am an accredited Level 2 Curriculum Developer who has effectively introduced teachers from a broad range of ICT experience to the benefits of the interactive whiteboard in the classroom. I hold the firm belief that this engaging technology can make learning more accessible to even the most challenging students.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to ICT

## Section 1: What is ICT?
ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology. It refers to the use of computers, mobile devices, communication equipment and software to access, store, transmit and manipulate information. ICT is an essential tool in today's society, and it plays a crucial role in our daily lives.

## Section 2: Why is ICT important?
ICT is important because it helps us to communicate, learn, work and play in new and exciting ways. It also enables us to access information and resources that were previously unavailable or difficult to obtain. ICT can help us to solve problems, make decisions, and think critically. It can also help us to be more productive, efficient and effective in our work.

## Section 3: How does ICT work?
ICT works by using a combination of hardware and software to process and transmit information. Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, such as the keyboard, mouse, monitor and CPU. Software refers to the programs and applications that run on the hardware, such as word processors, spreadsheets, and web browsers. When we use ICT, we are essentially interacting with these hardware and software components to perform tasks and achieve goals.

## Section 4: Practical Examples
Here are some practical examples of how ICT can be used in everyday life:
- Online banking: You can use ICT to pay bills, transfer funds, and check your account balance online.
- Online shopping: You can use ICT to buy products and services from the comfort of your own home.
- Email: You can use ICT to send and receive messages quickly and easily, without having to write or mail a letter.
- Social media: You can use ICT to connect with friends and family, share photos and updates, and join online communities.

## Section 5: Conclusion
In conclusion, ICT is an essential tool that we use every day to communicate, learn, work and play. It is important because it enables us to access information and resources that were previously unavailable or difficult to obtain. By understanding how ICT works and how it can be used in practical ways, we can become more productive, efficient and effective in our use of technology.


text:
1. Field of the Invention
This invention generally relates to integrated circuit (IC) fabrication and, more particularly, a dual-pixel full color imager with a large well-capacity single photodiode, and associated fabrication process.
2. Description of the Related Art
FIG. 1 depicts a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) imager with a “buried” or “pinned” photodiode (prior art). Conventionally, the image cell circuit includes four transistors and one photodiode. The pixel operation is divided into three main stages: reset, exposure, and reading.
(1) The reset stage: by turning on the reset and transfer (Tx) transistors, the photodiode capacitance is charged to a reset voltage. As for the case of the p+np buried photodiode shown in FIG. 1, the buried cathode (n) is totally depleted and set to the pinned voltage (Vpin).
(2) The exposure stage: with the absorption of light by the photodiode, electron and hole pairs are generated. The holes fill the depleted acceptor sites in the p-region, and the electrons fill the depleted donor sites in the n-region. The potential of the photodiode cathode decreases as the photoelectrons fills up at the donor sites.
(3) The reading stage: the pixel value is read out by a correlated double sampling (CDS) circuit. First, the select transistor and the reset transistor are turned on, the floating diffusion (FD) is set to high, and the output is set to the reference level. Then, the transfer transistor (Tx) is turned on, the accumulated photo-electrons in the photodiode are transferred to the FD. Photo-charges in FD are converted to the signal voltage by a source follower (SF) and read out as signal voltage level. The signal is constructed by subtracting the reference voltage level from the signal voltage level (see FIG. 2).
FIG. 2 is a timing diagram associated with of the pixel circuit of FIG. 1 (prior art). The advantage of using a buried photodiode in a CMOS imager sensor is that low dark currents may be obtained. If the charge in the buried n-cathode can be completely depleted during the reset, and the signal electrons in the buried n-cathode can be completely transferred, then zero lag and zero reset noise can be achieved. Several device design parameters optimizations, such as low voltage depleted diode, wide transfer transistor, low threshold voltage, and high gate voltage on transfer transistor must be considered to achieve the complete transfer of the signal electrons in the buried n-cathode.
FIG. 3 is a Bayer color filter pattern (prior art). Conventional CMOS and charge-coupled device (CCD) digital image sensors use a standard photodiode or photogate as the photosensing element. In their native state, the photosensing element captures the light signal as black-and-white. In order to perform color imaging, small color filters are placed on top of each photo sensing element. Usually the red, green, and blue (RGB) color filters are arranged in a Bayer pattern, as shown, which alternately samples red, green, and blue pixels.
A required image-processing step for Bayer pattern sensors is interpolation, during which missing data is estimated from neighboring pixel data. Misalignment of the color filter results in color artifacts, and the color filter adds to the cost of the imager. Furthermore, the continuing design pressures to decrease pixel size act to reduce the photodiode sensing area and the signal strength.
One way to prevent the use of color filters and potentially increase the sensing element area is to stack the photo sensing elements (photodiodes). Silicon has characteristic photon absorption lengths that vary with the energy of the photons absorbed. For the wavelengths of 450 nanometers (nm), 550 nm, and 650 nm, the absorption lengths are 0.24 microns (μm), 1.13 μm, and 3.17 μm, respectively. This variation provides an opportunity to fabricate stacked diode junctions at depths that are capable of separating photons of various wavelengths, using standard CMOS manufacturing processes. Various technologies have been applied to this idea over the past 30 years and full color imaging is available in the market place.
With the pixel size continuing to shrink, the CMOS image sensor faces limitations with regard to both low signal to noise ratio (SNR) and low dynamic range (DR). These limitations result in a degradation of image quality and reduction of usable full range of illuminations. Both the DR and maximum SNR can be improved by increasing the well capacity of the pixel.
For the commonly used buried photodiode active pixel sensor (APS) image sensor structure, the well capacity is represented as:QPD=(Vpin−Vblooming)CPD
The blooming voltage is the minimum voltage required for stopping the photoelectrons from overflowing into the substrate during high illumination. Therefore, full well capacity can be increased by either increasing the pin voltage or increasing the PD capacitance. Increasing the pin voltage is not a favorable option because it increases the operating voltage and/or decreases the maximum voltage swing at the floating diffusion.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a stratified photodiode structure (prior art). As reported by Lim et al., a stratified photodiode structure increases the photodiode capacitance and well capacity. The DN1, the insertion-p, and a portion of the DN2 are implanted using an addition mask.
It would be advantageous if the n doped layers in photodiode could be formed in different processes, using separate masks, to create a photodiode with even more well capacity that the above-mentioned stratified structure.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: How to Understand Technical Patent Descriptions

### Introduction
Technical patent descriptions can be challenging to understand for primary through high school students. However, it is essential to learn how to read and interpret these documents to grasp new ideas and technologies. This lesson will provide you with the necessary tools to understand technical patent descriptions.

### Section 1: Understanding the Structure of a Technical Patent Description

A technical patent description typically follows a specific structure that includes:

1. Field of the Invention: This section describes the general area of technology that the patent is related to.
2. Description of the Related Art: This section provides background information on existing technologies that are similar to the invention described in the patent.
3. Summary of the Invention: This section outlines the main features and benefits of the invention.
4. Detailed Description: This section contains a step-by-step explanation of how the invention works and its components.
5. Claims: This section lists the legal rights that the inventor is seeking for their invention.

Understanding the structure of a technical patent description is crucial to comprehend the content. Each section serves a specific purpose, and they build upon each other to provide a complete picture of the invention.

### Section 2: Reading and Analyzing Technical Patent Descriptions

To read and analyze technical patent descriptions, follow these steps:

1. Read the Field of the Invention section carefully to understand the context of the invention.
2. Skim through the Description of the Related Art section to get an overview of existing technologies.
3. Pay attention to the Summary of the Invention section to understand the main features and benefits of the invention.
4. In the Detailed Description section, focus on the components and processes involved in the invention. Use diagrams and illustrations to help visualize the steps.
5. Review the Claims section to understand the legal rights that the inventor is seeking for their invention.

As you read, try to identify the key components and processes involved in the invention. Ask yourself questions like: What is the problem that this invention solves? How does it work? What are the main components? What are the steps involved?

### Section 3: Practice Questions

1. What is the Field of the Invention in the given technical patent description?
2. What is the Description of the Related Art?
3. What is the Summary of the Invention?
4. What are the key components of the invention?
5. What are the steps involved in the invention?

### Glossary
- Field of the Invention: The general area of technology that the patent is related to.
- Description of the Related Art: Background information on existing technologies that are similar to the invention.
- Summary of the Invention: The main features and benefits of the invention.
- Detailed Description: A step-by-step explanation of how the invention works and its components.
- Claims: The legal rights that the inventor is seeking for their invention.

### Conclusion
Understanding technical patent descriptions is a valuable skill that can help you stay informed about new technologies and innovations. By following the structure of a technical patent description and practicing your analysis skills, you can improve your ability to read and interpret these documents. Remember to ask questions, use diagrams and illustrations to help visualize the steps, and consult the glossary for any unfamiliar terms. With practice, you will be able to understand technical patent descriptions and apply your knowledge to new problems.


text: Bullet proof hero Luke Cage cleans up inner city crime, or maybe just inner city hair clippings. Denzel shows off the whitest of pearly whites the West has ever seen in the Magnificent Seven. Mike, while delighted to discover that his erection qualifies as massive, is even more delighted to find that The Exorcist has come along to fill the existential void sucking the life out of him since Hannibal left our screens.. 10:20 – Swiss Army Man. 16:42 – Bull. 17.47 – Travel Man. 21.27 – Hunted. 26.47 – Blair Witch. 30.56 – Van Helsing. 33.34 – SNL – Margot Robbie. 35.50 – Luke Cage. 1.02.07 – The Exorcist. 1.22.19 – The Magnificent Seven. 1.35.05 – Previews. – Trespass Against us. – Gold. – Rules Don’t Apply. Audio clip: Adobe Flash Player (version 9 or above) is required to play this audio clip. Download the latest version here. You also need to have JavaScript enabled in your browser.Click to Download. On iPhone/iOS? Listen Here

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Numerical Analysis

**Overview:** This lesson introduces students to numerical analysis, which is the study of algorithms and techniques used to solve mathematical problems numerically. Students will learn about the importance of numerical analysis in various fields such as engineering, science, and finance. They will also learn about common numerical methods such as rounding, truncation, and interpolation.

**Section 1: Introduction to Numerical Analysis**

**Topic 1.1: Definition of Numerical Analysis**

Numerical analysis is the study of algorithms and techniques used to solve mathematical problems numerically. It involves approximating solutions to mathematical problems that are too complex or time-consuming to solve analytically.

**Topic 1.2: Importance of Numerical Analysis**

Numerical analysis is an essential tool in many fields such as engineering, science, and finance. It allows us to solve real-world problems that would be impossible to solve analytically. For example, engineers use numerical methods to design bridges, buildings, and aircraft. Scientists use numerical methods to model the behavior of the universe. Financial analysts use numerical methods to predict stock prices.

**Topic 1.3: Common Numerical Methods**

There are several common numerical methods used in numerical analysis. These include:

- Rounding: This method involves rounding a number to a certain number of decimal places.
- Truncation: This method involves removing the decimal places of a number.
- Interpolation: This method involves estimating a value between two known values based on their relationship.

**Section 2: Practical Examples**

**Topic 2.1: Rounding**

Let's say we want to calculate the average height of a group of people. We have the following data:

| Height (inches) |
|----------------|
| 72             |
| 68             |
| 69             |
| 71             |
| 65             |

To find the average height, we can round each number to the nearest whole number and then divide by the number of people.

| Height (inches) | Round | Average Height |
|----------------|-------|----------------|
| 72             |  72   |               72 |
| 68             |  68   |               68 |
| 69             |  69   |               69 |
| 71             |  71   |               71 |
| 65             |  65   |               65 |

Now, we add up all the rounded numbers and divide by the total number of people:

(72 + 68 + 69 + 71 + 65) / 5 = 345 / 5 = 69

The average height of this group of people is 69 inches when rounded to the nearest whole number.

**Topic 2.2: Truncation**

Let's say we want to calculate the interest earned on a savings account. We have the following data:

| Initial Balance | Interest Rate | Time | Interest Earned |
|----------------|--------------|------|----------------|
| $10,000        | 0.05         | 1 year | $500          |
| $10,000        | 0.05         | 2 years | $1,000       |
| $10,000        | 0.05         | 3 years | $1,576.25    |

To find the total interest earned, we can truncate the interest earned after 3 years to the nearest cent:

$1,576.25

**Section 3: Self-Debating Discussion**

**Topic 3.1: Why is numerical analysis important?**

Numerical analysis is important because it allows us to solve real-world problems that would be impossible to solve analytically. It is especially useful in fields such as engineering, science, and finance where exact solutions are often not possible.

**Conclusion:**

In this lesson, we introduced students to numerical analysis, its importance, and common numerical methods. We provided practical examples to illustrate these concepts and a self-debating discussion to encourage critical thinking. By the end of this lesson, students should have a basic understanding of numerical analysis and its applications.

**Glossary:**

- Numerical analysis: The study of algorithms and techniques used to solve mathematical problems numerically.
- Numerical method: An algorithm or technique used to solve mathematical problems numerically.
- Rounding: The process of approximating a number by rounding it to a certain number of decimal places.
- Truncation: The process of removing the decimal places of a number.
- Interpolation: The process of estimating a value between two known values based on their relationship.


text: News. .". New horizons for additive manufacturing in the oil & gas and maritime industries. The wide potential of additive manufacturing in the oil & gas and maritime sectors has become widely accepted. The technology offers significant advantages in terms of lead time, part weight, part count, higher levels of geometric complexity and new material properties. As of January 2018, Guaranteed has been involved in two JIP projects managed by DNV and Berenschot which aims to develop a guideline towards safe use of the technology in these sectors.Read more. Our approach towards first-time-right, zero-defect manufacturing. It was a real pleasure to present our Guaranteed approach towards first-time-right, zero-defect manufacturing in WAAM during the session on automation and new welding processes at the Welding Symposium organized by the Belgian Welding Institute.Read more

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Additive Manufacturing

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is a process of creating three-dimensional objects by adding material layer by layer. This technology has revolutionized the way products are designed and manufactured. In this lesson, we will learn about the basic principles of additive manufacturing, its advantages, and applications in the oil and gas industry.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
Let's consider an example of a part that needs to be manufactured using traditional methods such as machining or casting. The process involves removing material from a block or pouring liquid metal into a mold. This process can take several hours or even days to complete, depending on the complexity of the part.

Now let's compare this with additive manufacturing. Using a 3D model of the same part, we can create a digital file that contains all the necessary information to produce the part. The additive manufacturing machine reads this file and adds material layer by layer until the final part is created. This process can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days, depending on the size and complexity of the part.

One of the main advantages of additive manufacturing is the ability to create complex geometries that would be impossible to manufacture using traditional methods. For example, a part with internal channels or intricate patterns can be easily manufactured using additive manufacturing.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions
Let's consider the following scenario: A company wants to manufacture a part that has a complex geometry and requires a high degree of precision. Which method do you think would be better suited for this task: additive manufacturing or traditional methods?

**Question:** What are the advantages of additive manufacturing compared to traditional methods?

**Answer:** Some of the advantages of additive manufacturing include:

- Reduced lead time: Since the part is created layer by layer, there is no need to remove material, which saves time and reduces the overall production time.
- Reduced part count: Complex parts can be created in a single piece, reducing the number of parts needed to assemble the final product.
- Higher levels of geometric complexity: Additive manufacturing allows for complex geometries that would be impossible to manufacture using traditional methods.
- New material properties: Some materials can be created using additive manufacturing that would not be possible using traditional methods.

**Question:** Are there any limitations to additive manufacturing?

**Answer:** Yes, there are some limitations to additive manufacturing. One of the main limitations is the cost. Additive manufacturing machines can be expensive, and the cost of materials and energy can also add up quickly. Another limitation is the size of the part. Some additive manufacturing machines have size limitations, which means that very large parts cannot be created.

## Glossary
- Additive manufacturing: A process of creating three-dimensional objects by adding material layer by layer.
- 3D printing: Another term for additive manufacturing.
- Geometric complexity: The degree of difficulty in creating a part with complex shapes and angles.
- Material properties: The characteristics of a material such as strength, durability, and flexibility.

## Conclusion
In conclusion, additive manufacturing has opened up new possibilities in the manufacturing industry. By creating complex parts with high precision, additive manufacturing has changed the way products are designed and manufactured. In the next section, we will explore the applications of additive manufacturing in the oil and gas industry.


text: We are using VMWare Horizon for SSO and with Zimbra I have tested both SAML 2.0 and SAML 1.1 which work. The users sign into horizon which authenticates with our ldap and directs them to our third-party application that provides links to Zimbra and several other applications.. We would like to provide direct access to zimlets, contacts, tasks, etc which is usually done with zcs.company.com/?app={app-name} but I am having problems when going through service/extension/tricipher/samlreceiver.. Usually I just set the destinationURL or relayState for the applications url on our cloud but for zimbra it forces the redirect to the main page (zcs.company.com). Is this something controlled via samlreceiver or an issue on my end?. Thank you

textbook:
Lesson: How to Use Virtualization Software for Single Sign-On (SSO) Authentication

Introduction:
Virtualization software allows multiple operating systems to run on a single physical computer. It is commonly used for server virtualization, desktop virtualization, and application virtualization. In this lesson, we will focus on using virtualization software for SSO authentication.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is to teach students how to use virtualization software for SSO authentication. This will enable them to understand the benefits of virtualization software in improving security and user experience.

Section 1: Introduction to Virtualization Software

Topic 1: What is Virtualization Software?
- Virtualization software is a type of software that enables multiple operating systems to run on a single physical computer.
- It is commonly used for server virtualization, desktop virtualization, and application virtualization.
- Virtualization software creates a virtual environment on a physical computer, allowing multiple operating systems to run independently without interfering with each other.

Section 2: How Virtualization Software Works

Topic 2: How does Virtualization Software Work?
- Virtualization software works by creating a virtual environment on a physical computer.
- This virtual environment is called a virtual machine (VM).
- A VM is a simulated computer that runs its own operating system and applications.
- The virtual machine is isolated from the host computer and other VMs running on the same physical computer.
- Virtualization software manages the resources of the host computer and allocates them to the VMs as needed.

Section 3: Benefits of Using Virtualization Software for SSO Authentication

Topic 3: Benefits of Using Virtualization Software for SSO Authentication
- Improved Security
  - Virtualization software creates a virtual environment on a physical computer, which isolates the VMs from each other and the host computer.
  - This prevents unauthorized access to sensitive information and reduces the risk of data breaches.
- Improved User Experience
  - With virtualization software, users can access multiple operating systems and applications on a single physical computer.
  - This eliminates the need to switch between physical computers or log in and out of different accounts.
- Cost-Effective
  - Virtualization software reduces hardware costs by allowing multiple operating systems to run on a single physical computer.

Section 4: Setting Up Virtualization Software for SSO Authentication

Topic 4: Setting Up Virtualization Software for SSO Authentication
- Choose a Virtualization Software Platform
  - There are many virtualization software platforms available, such as VMware, Hyper-V, and Oracle VirtualBox.
  - Choose a platform that meets your organization's needs and budget.
- Install the Virtualization Software
  - Follow the installation instructions provided by the virtualization software vendor.
  - Ensure that the host computer meets the minimum system requirements for the virtualization software.
- Create a Virtual Machine
  - Open the virtualization software and create a new virtual machine.
  - Configure the virtual machine's settings, such as the operating system and amount of RAM and storage.
- Install the SSO Application
  - Download and install the SSO application on the virtual machine.
  - Configure the SSO application to work with the virtualization software.
- Test the SSO Authentication
  - Log in to the virtual machine using the SSO application.
  - Verify that the authentication process works correctly.

Section 5: Conclusion

In conclusion, virtualization software is a powerful tool for improving security and user experience. By setting up virtualization software for SSO authentication, organizations can reduce hardware costs and improve user productivity. This lesson has provided an overview of virtualization software and its benefits for SSO authentication. Students can apply these concepts to their own organizations and projects to improve security and user experience.


textbook:
Lesson: Real Estate Listings

## Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about real estate listings and how to read them. Real estate listings are advertisements used to market properties for sale or rent. They provide information about the property such as its location, size, features, and price. Understanding real estate listings can help you make informed decisions when buying or renting a property.

## Section 2: Reading Real Estate Listings
Real estate listings contain several key pieces of information that you should look for when reading them. These include:

1. Location: This refers to the address of the property and its proximity to amenities such as schools, shops, and transportation.
2. Size: This refers to the square footage of the property, which is usually given in square meters or feet.
3. Features: This refers to any special features of the property such as a swimming pool, garden, or garage.
4. Price: This is the asking price for the property, which may be negotiable depending on market conditions.

Here's an example of a real estate listing:

```
Semi-detached recently built downtown area. Reference: vb150. Contract: sale. Type: two-family villa. Floor area (mq): 160. Locality: Centro. Bedrooms: 4. Property status: Compliant with legal standards. Bathrooms: 4. Price: Agency Negotiations. Services. Garage: Parking. Garden: Private. Heating: Autonomous. Town centre (m): 800. Description. beautiful duplex apartment with living room, enclosed porch with windows, kitchen, bedroom with bathroom, bathroom and laundry area, upstairs master bedroom with bathroom and wardrobe area, 2 bedrooms 1 bathroom,
```

In this example, we can see that the property is located in a downtown area, has four bedrooms, and is a two-family villa with a floor area of 160 square meters. It is also compliant with legal standards and has four bathrooms. The property is being sold by a real estate agency, and the price is negotiable. The property includes a parking garage, private garden, and autonomous heating system. It is located 800 meters away from the town center.

## Section 3: Analyzing Real Estate Listings
Once you have read and understood the information provided in a real estate listing, you can analyze it to determine if it meets your needs. Here are some questions you can ask yourself when analyzing a real estate listing:

1. Does the location suit my needs? If you require a property close to your workplace or school, the location of the property should be a major consideration.
2. Is the size appropriate for my needs? If you require a large family home, a small studio apartment may not meet your needs.
3. Do the features meet my requirements? If you require a garden or swimming pool, you should ensure that the property includes these features.
4. Is the price within my budget? You should ensure that the asking price is within your budget and that you have enough money for a down payment and closing costs.

## Section 4: Conclusion
Understanding real estate listings can help you make informed decisions when buying or renting a property. By reading and analyzing the information provided, you can determine if a property meets your needs and if it is a good investment. With this knowledge, you can find the perfect property for your needs.

## Glossary
- Location: The address of the property and its proximity to amenities such as schools, shops, and transportation.
- Size: The square footage of the property, usually given in square meters or feet.
- Features: Special features of the property such as a swimming pool, garden, or garage.
- Price: The asking price for the property, which may be negotiable depending on market conditions.
- Agency Negotiations: A term used to indicate that the price of the property is negotiable.
- Floor area (mq): The area of the property in square meters.
- Bedrooms: The number of bedrooms in the property.
- Property status: Whether the property is compliant with legal standards.
- Bathrooms: The number of bathrooms in the property.
- Garage: A covered building for storing and maintaining vehicles.
- Garden: An area of land that is used for growing flowers, vegetables, or other plants.
- Heating: A system used to keep the property warm.
- Autonomous: A heating system that is independent and does not rely on external sources of energy.
- Town centre (m): The distance between the property and the town center in meters.
- Description: A brief summary of the property's features and amenities.
- beautiful duplex apartment: A description of the property's appearance and features.
- living room: A room in the property where people can relax and socialize.
- enclosed porch with windows: A covered outdoor area with windows that provides shelter from the weather.
- kitchen: A room in the property where food is prepared and cooked.
- bedroom with bathroom: A room in the property that is used for sleeping and has its own bathroom.
- bathroom: A room in the property that contains a toilet, sink, and bathtub or shower.
- laundry area: A room in the property where clothes are washed and dried.
- upstairs master bedroom: A bedroom in the property that is larger than the other bedrooms and has its own bathroom.
- wardrobe area: A storage area in the property for clothing and accessories.
- 2 bedrooms 1 bathroom: Two bedrooms and one bathroom in the property.
- Agency: A real estate agency that helps people buy or rent properties.
- Negotiations: A process where the price of the property is discussed and potentially reduced.


text:
X Thalia Lashes - Lady T

Details

Eylure X Thalia Lashes - Lady T is a light & fluttery faux mink lash that has gorgeous elegance and length! Super-easy to apply & gentle to remove, each pack includes a set of reusable falsies and glue so getting a luxurious lash look with an ethical spirit has never been easier!

The Eylure X Thalia collection is an expertly designed range of handmade lashes and bespoke brow products. With gorgeous packaging inspired by tropical blooms & Fabulous fiestas, the collection is a reflection of Thalia's vibrant look and vivacious personality!

Precautions: Contains Latex. Stop using this product if you develop redness or itching. In case of eye contact, wash out the eye thoroughly with plenty of clean water. If irritation or redness persists seek medical attention.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Apply Faux Mink Lashes

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to apply faux mink lashes. Faux mink lashes are a popular beauty product that can enhance the appearance of your eyes. They are made from synthetic materials that mimic the look of real mink fur. Applying faux mink lashes can be a bit tricky, but with the right techniques, anyone can do it.

Section 1: Materials Needed

To apply faux mink lashes, you will need the following materials:

- A pair of tweezers
- A mirror
- A pair of scissors
- Eylure X Thalia Lashes - Lady T
- Eylure X Thalia Lash Adhesive

Section 2: Application Process

1. Begin by cleaning your face and removing any makeup from your eyes. This will ensure that your lashes adhere properly to your eyelids.
2. Use the tweezers to remove one lash from the packaging. Make sure to hold the lash at the base where the lashes meet the band.
3. Once you have removed one lash, lay it on your finger and apply a small amount of lash adhesive to the base of the lash.
4. Hold the mirror under your left eye and apply the lash to your upper eyelid as close to your natural lash line as possible. Make sure that the lash is facing the correct direction.
5. Repeat step 4 with the other lash, applying it to your right eyelid.
6. Wait for about 30 seconds for the adhesive to set.
7. Gently brush your natural lashes upwards to blend the lashes together.
8. You can apply mascara to your lashes to make them more visible.

Section 3: Benefits of Applying Faux Mink Lashes

Applying faux mink lashes has several benefits, including:

- Enhancing the appearance of your eyes
- Adding length and volume to your natural lashes
- Creating a more glamorous look for special occasions
- Boosting confidence by making you feel more beautiful

Glossary:
- Faux mink lashes: Synthetic lashes that mimic the look of real mink fur
- Band: The black strip at the top of the lashes that holds them together
- Lash line: The line where your natural lashes grow

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned how to apply faux mink lashes using the Eylure X Thalia Lashes - Lady T. We discussed the materials needed, the application process, and the benefits of applying faux mink lashes. By following these steps, anyone can achieve beautiful, glamorous eyes.


text: LONDON: Whirlwind romances do not foretell a happily-ever-after. Especially if it involves the French president and a model-turned-musician. Speculation is growing that Nicolas Sarkozy, 55, and Carla Bruni-Sarkozy, 43, are both committing adultery. Reports of trouble in their paradise first surfaced on Twitter, followed by a report in the Sunday newspaper, 'Le Journal du Dimanche'.. According to the first 'tweet', Bruni-Sarkozy was romantically involved with musician Benjamin Biolay, a mop-haired pop star six years her junior. Later it was claimed that love-torn Sarkozy had found solace in the arms of his ecology minister Chantal Jouanno, 40. French web magazine suchablog.com said Carla had been a close friend of Biolay for many years and was now unofficially living with him at his flat in Paris.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Analyze News Articles

Introduction:
In today's fast-paced world, reading news articles is an essential skill to stay informed about current events. However, not all news articles are created equal, and it can be challenging to determine the credibility and accuracy of the information presented. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and analyze news articles like a pro.

Section 1: Understanding the Structure of a News Article

A typical news article follows a specific structure, which includes:

1. Headline: This is the title of the article, and it should grab your attention and give you an idea of what the story is about.
2. Byline: This is the name of the journalist who wrote the article. It can help you determine the credibility of the source.
3. Lead: This is the first paragraph of the article, and it should provide the most important information about the story.
4. Body: This section provides more details about the story, including quotes from sources, background information, and analysis.
5. Conclusion: This is the last paragraph of the article, and it should summarize the main points and provide closure to the story.

Section 2: Evaluating the Credibility of the Source

Before you trust the information presented in a news article, you need to evaluate the credibility of the source. Here are some factors to consider:

1. Reputation: Does the publication have a good reputation for accuracy and impartiality?
2. Authorship: Is the journalist well-known and respected in the field?
3. Sources: Are the sources cited in the article reliable and credible?
4. Evidence: Are there any facts or data to support the claims made in the article?

Section 3: Analyzing the Story

Once you have determined the credibility of the source, you can begin analyzing the story. Here are some questions to ask yourself:

1. What is the main point of the story?
2. Who are the key players, and what are their roles?
3. What evidence supports the claims made in the article?
4. What is the tone of the article? Is it neutral, sensationalist, or something else?
5. What biases or assumptions does the article make?

Section 4: Applying Critical Thinking Skills

Critical thinking is an essential skill when reading news articles. Here are some ways to apply critical thinking skills when analyzing a news article:

1. Look for contradictions or inconsistencies in the story.
2. Consider alternative explanations for the events described in the article.
3. Compare the information presented in the article with other sources to verify its accuracy.
4. Think about the broader context of the story and how it relates to other events or issues.

Glossary:
- Byline: The name of the journalist who wrote the article.
- Lead: The first paragraph of the article.
- Body: The section of the article that provides more details about the story.
- Conclusion: The last paragraph of the article.
- Credibility: The trustworthiness of the source of information.
- Reputation: The public perception of a person or organization.
- Authorship: The identity of the person who wrote the article.
- Sources: People or documents that provide information for the article.
- Evidence: Facts or data that support the claims made in the article.
- Critical thinking: The process of evaluating information and arguments to reach a logical conclusion.

Conclusion:
By following these steps, you can become a more informed and critical reader of news articles. Remember to always question the information presented and consider the credibility of the source. With practice, you will be able to analyze news articles like a pro and apply your skills to new and complex problems.


text: Today’s mortgage rates in Illinois. Whether you’re ready to buy or refinance, you’ve come to the right place. Compare Illinois mortgage rates for the loan options below.. The rates below assume a few basic things:. - You have very good credit (a FICO credit score of 740+). - Your loan is for a single-family home as your primary residence. Illinois living. Whatever your interest, Illinois has something to offer, from Chicago’s spectacular skyline views and famous Navy Pier to the home of Abraham Lincoln and Starved Rock State Park.. Illinois first-time home buyer programs. First-time home buyer assistance programs in Illinois and across the U.S. offer loans, grants, down payment assistance and tax credits. But availability and qualification requirements can vary. Contact your U.S. Bank mortgage loan officer for more information about programs available in Illinois.. Find a mortgage loan officer in Illinois.. Our local mortgage loan officers understand the specifics of the Illinois.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Mortgage Rates

Introduction:
Mortgages are loans that people take out to buy homes. The interest rate on a mortgage is the percentage of the loan amount that the borrower pays in interest over the life of the loan. In this lesson, we will learn about mortgage rates, how they are calculated, and what factors affect them.

Section 1: Understanding Mortgage Rates

Topic 1: What is a mortgage rate?
A mortgage rate is the interest rate charged on a mortgage loan. It is usually expressed as an annual percentage rate (APR), which includes fees and other charges associated with the loan.

Topic 2: How is a mortgage rate calculated?
Mortgage rates are determined by several factors, including the prime rate, the yield on U.S. Treasury securities, and the cost of funds for depository institutions. Lenders use these factors, along with their own profit margins, to set the interest rates on their mortgage loans.

Topic 3: What factors affect mortgage rates?
Several factors can affect mortgage rates, including:

- Economic conditions: When the economy is strong, interest rates tend to rise, while they tend to fall during times of economic uncertainty.
- Inflation: High inflation can lead to higher interest rates, as lenders seek to protect themselves from the eroding effects of inflation.
- Federal Reserve policies: The Federal Reserve can influence interest rates by adjusting the federal funds rate, which affects the cost of borrowing for banks. This, in turn, can affect mortgage rates.

Section 2: Types of Mortgage Rates

Topic 1: Fixed-rate mortgages
A fixed-rate mortgage is a loan where the interest rate remains the same throughout the life of the loan. This means that the monthly payment for principal and interest will also remain the same.

Topic 2: Adjustable-rate mortgages
An adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) is a loan where the interest rate changes periodically, usually based on the prime rate. The initial rate on an ARM may be lower than on a fixed-rate mortgage, but it can change over time.

Section 3: Comparing Mortgage Rates

Topic 1: Shopping for a mortgage
When shopping for a mortgage, it's important to compare rates from multiple lenders to ensure that you're getting the best deal. You should also consider factors such as fees, closing costs, and the length of the loan term.

Topic 2: Understanding APR
The annual percentage rate (APR) is the total cost of a loan, including fees and other charges, expressed as a yearly percentage rate. It's important to compare APRs when shopping for a mortgage, as it can help you determine the true cost of the loan.

Conclusion:
In summary, mortgage rates are determined by several factors, including economic conditions, inflation, and Federal Reserve policies. There are two main types of mortgages: fixed-rate and adjustable-rate. When shopping for a mortgage, it's important to compare rates from multiple lenders and consider the APR to ensure that you're getting the best deal. By understanding the basics of mortgage rates, you can make an informed decision when choosing a loan for your home purchase or refinance.

Glossary:
- Annual Percentage Rate (APR): The total cost of a loan, including fees and other charges, expressed as a yearly percentage rate.
- Federal Reserve: The central bank of the United States, responsible for setting monetary policy and regulating financial institutions.
- Prime rate: The interest rate that banks charge their most creditworthy customers.
- Yield on U.S. Treasury securities: The return an investor receives on a U.S. government debt security.


text:
June 9, 2010 -- Nobody likes getting a speeding ticket.

But when Brian McCrary, 33, received a speeding ticket in Bluff City, Tennessee, he didn't just complain, he bought the local police department's website and used it to complain.

After receiving a $90 speeding ticket earlier this year for cruising through what he called a speed trap, McCrary went to the Bluff City Police Department's website to reschedule his hearing.

When he saw that the site's content had been replaced with a notice saying that the domain name was on the verge of expiring, he saw an opportunity. He waited a few weeks until the name had officially lapsed, and then he pounced.

"I really thought for sure that the city would renew it," said McCrary, who lives in Gray, Tennessee. "I was surprised to find that it was still out there."

McCrary, who works for an Internet service provider and phone company, said he went to GoDaddy.com, a major domain name registrar, and bought www.bluffcitypd.com for $80.

McCrary: Police Website Is a Way to Raise Awareness

Since May 22, he said he's used the site to post stories about speed cameras in an effort to get them taken down. He also features comments from other camera critics supportive of his new cause.

"I wanted to get information out about the speed traps and what it's doing to the economy around here. ... I thought this would be a good way to get some exposure," he said, adding that a state representative for the district said the camera was pulling in more than a quarter of a million dollars a month from the small community of about 1,500 people.

Until Monday, McCrary said he'd received about 1,000 unique visitors. Since the Bristol Herald Courier wrote a story about him, he said traffic has jumped to 90,000 unique visitors.

"It's phenomenal," he said. "I hope this will [attract] the attention of the local representatives to get the cameras removed."

Bluff City Police Chief David Nelson said he didn't even know they'd lost their domain name until reporters started asking questions.

"I feel like he's doing it out of revenge because he got a ticket," he said.

GoDaddy: Once a Domain Name Expires, It's Fair Game for Anyone

Nelson said he now knows that GoDaddy tried to inform the police department that the domain name was about to expire via e-mail. But the e-mails never made it through because the department switched e-mail addresses after someone hacked into their old account.

"It's just something you don't think of every day," he said. "He bought it after it had run out for us. I had no idea it had run out."

Though Nelson said he might reach out to McCrary to see if there's a way to buy back the old domain name, he said, "I'm not so sure we'll probably be able to get it back."

GoDaddy, which manages about 40 million of the 200 million registered Internet domain names, said people can register a name for one year to 10 years but, once it expires, it's fair game for anyone who wants to snap it up.

"The police chief didn't understand how the domain name worked and his tech guy was out sick and the domain name lapsed and someone else got it," said Christine Jones, general counsel for GoDaddy.

GoDaddy: Take Your Domain Name Seriously

She said the company sends out periodic notices just before and after a domain name expires. When those messages fail to attract the owner's attention, Jones said GoDaddy replaces the content with an expiration warning.

"[We do it] to get your attention because we know that domain names are important. In fact, they're so important that people refer to them as 21st century real estate," she said. "We want to make sure we get your attention before you lose [your domain name]."

Some domain names, including generic words such as toys and sex, are so valuable people are willing to pay millions of dollars for them when they're available. But even owners of smaller websites should pay attention to the expiration dates of their domain names, Jones said.

"You should still take your domain name seriously," Jones said. "If you're using it, you're directing traffic to it. ... If you lose it, getting it back can be difficult."

But regardless of whether the police department gets its domain name back, Nelson said he takes issue with the content that's taken its place.

Police Chief: Video Camera Intended to Decrease Accidents

The stretch of Highway 11 in Bluff City where McCrary was caught speeding is especially highly trafficked with heavy-footed drivers, he said.

What McCrary and others call a speed trap, Nelson said, is a public safety necessity.

Before the camera was installed in December 2009, he said there were nine to 13 accidents in the area each month. Since January, when the department started issuing citations for violations captured on the camera, there have only been three wrecks in the area, he said.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Buy a Domain Name and Use It for Your Advantage

Introduction:

In this lesson, we will learn how to buy a domain name and use it for our advantage. We will explore the process of buying a domain name, the benefits of owning one, and how to use it to raise awareness for a cause.

Section 1: What is a Domain Name and Why is it Important?

A domain name is a unique address that identifies a website on the internet. It is like a street address for a house that helps people find the right location. Without a domain name, people would have to remember the IP address of a website, which is a string of numbers that is difficult to remember.

Benefits of Owning a Domain Name:

1. Branding: A domain name helps establish your online presence and builds brand recognition.

2. Professionalism: Owning a domain name shows that you are serious about your business or cause.

3. Accessibility: A domain name makes it easy for people to find your website and connect with you.

4. Portability: A domain name can be used with different hosting providers, so you can switch hosting companies if needed.

Section 2: How to Buy a Domain Name

1. Choose a domain registrar: A domain registrar is a company that sells and manages domain names. Some popular registrars include GoDaddy, NameCheap, and Google Domains.

2. Check for availability: Use the registrar's search tool to see if the domain name you want is available. If it is not available, try adding or removing characters until you find a version that works.

3. Choose a domain extension: A domain extension is the last part of a web address, such as .com, .org, or .net. You can choose any extension that is available for the domain name you want.

4. Complete the registration process: Once you have found an available domain name and chosen an extension, you will need to provide some information about yourself and your organization. This may include your name, address, and contact details.

Section 3: How to Use a Domain Name for Your Advantage

1. Raise Awareness: Brian McCrary bought the Bluff City Police Department's website to raise awareness about speed traps. He used the site to post stories and comments from others who had been affected by them.

2. Promote Your Cause: If you have a cause that you care about, such as protecting the environment or ending hunger, you can use a domain name to promote your cause and connect with others who share your passion.

3. Build a Community: A domain name can help you build a community around your cause or business. By creating a website, you can provide information, share stories, and engage with others who are interested in what you are doing.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, buying a domain name can be a powerful tool for raising awareness, promoting your cause, and building a community. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can purchase a domain name that is right for you and use it to make a difference.


text: Yasiel Puig Card Worth $25,000 to Be Randomly DistributedOctober 16, 2013. via SportsCardUncensored.com. A Yasiel Puig 2013 Bowman Chrome Superfractor rookie card that is potentially worth more than $25,000 can be yours if you're lucky enough to select the right "Super Box.". Per Beckett.com, the card from Topps was pulled by a collector in Texas and was purchased by South Bay Baseball Cards to be included in one of its Super Boxes—a high-end repackage of cards and memorabilia, which is part of a 2013 Rookies and Phenoms 5 set that's on sale for $849.. via SportsCardUncensored.com. The card received 13 offers on eBay at a $25,000 price before it was sold offline to the California-based company for the repackage.. Tiger and Peyton Win 🏆. Tiger and Peyton Manning beat Mickelson and Tom Brady to win Capital One’s The Match and raise $20M for COVID-19 relief 💰

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Sports Cards Collecting

**Objective:** In this lesson, we will learn about sports cards collecting, the value of rare cards, and how to identify them. We will also explore the history of sports cards and their significance in the world of sports.

**Section 1: Introduction to Sports Cards Collecting**

Sports cards are trading cards that feature professional athletes from various sports such as baseball, basketball, football, and hockey. They have been around for over a century and have become a popular hobby for people of all ages. In this lesson, we will explore the world of sports cards collecting and learn about the value of rare cards.

**Section 2: The Value of Rare Sports Cards**

Rare sports cards can be worth a lot of money. Some cards are worth thousands or even millions of dollars. The value of a card depends on several factors, including its condition, rarity, and demand. In this section, we will learn about these factors and how they affect the value of sports cards.

**Section 3: Identifying Rare Sports Cards**

Identifying rare sports cards can be challenging, but there are some things you can look for to determine if a card is rare and valuable. In this section, we will discuss some of these factors, including card design, printing errors, and player significance.

**Section 4: The History of Sports Cards**

Sports cards have a long and interesting history. They were first introduced in the late 1800s as a way to promote tobacco products. Over time, they evolved into a popular hobby and became a way for people to connect with their favorite athletes. In this section, we will explore the history of sports cards and how they have impacted the world of sports.

**Section 5: Conclusion**

In conclusion, sports cards collecting is a fun and exciting hobby that has been around for over a century. Identifying rare and valuable sports cards requires knowledge of factors such as condition, rarity, and demand. By learning about the history of sports cards and their significance in the world of sports, we can appreciate the value and importance of this hobby.

**Glossary**

- **Condition:** The physical state of a card, which can affect its value.
- **Rarity:** The scarcity of a card, which can increase its value.
- **Demand:** The desire for a card among collectors, which can affect its value.
- **Printing Errors:** Mistakes made during the printing process that can make a card rare and valuable.
- **Card Design:** The artwork and layout of a card, which can make it unique and valuable.
- **Player Significance:** The impact and popularity of an athlete, which can affect the value of their cards.


text: Get an introduction to precalculus fundamentals. This course is the first of two precalculus courses from the University of Padova, providing you with an introduction to the fundamental mathematical skills required to complete a first course in calculus.. You’ll get familiar with the basic precalculus required for college or undergraduate-level studies, notably: factoring and division; sets and set operations; reasoning and proofs; functions and graphs; and equations and inequalities.. Through this course you’ll gain the foundation to support further mathematical studies, or improve your use of mathematics in everyday life.. This course is for anyone who wants to brush up on their basic mathematical skills, particularly students in the last year of high school, or at the beginning of undergraduate studies, who intend to take a first course in calculus.

textbook:
Lesson 1: Introduction to Precalculus

## Section 1: What is Precalculus?
Precalculus is a branch of mathematics that deals with the study of functions, graphs, and equations that are essential for understanding advanced mathematical concepts such as calculus. It is usually taken before calculus and covers topics such as algebra, trigonometry, and analytical geometry.

## Section 2: Why Study Precalculus?
Studying precalculus is important because it provides a solid foundation for further mathematical studies. It helps students to develop problem-solving skills, critical thinking, and logical reasoning. Additionally, precalculus is used in many fields such as engineering, physics, and economics, so having a strong background in precalculus can be beneficial for students pursuing careers in these fields.

## Section 3: Precalculus Topics
Some of the topics covered in precalculus include:
- Algebra: including linear equations, quadratic equations, and polynomial expressions
- Trigonometry: including sine, cosine, tangent, and inverse trigonometric functions
- Analytical Geometry: including lines, circles, and conic sections
- Functions and Graphs: including linear, quadratic, and exponential functions, and their corresponding graphs
- Equations and Inequalities: including solving linear and quadratic equations, and graphing inequalities

## Section 4: Practical Examples
Let's consider the following equation: y = x^2 + 3x - 2. This equation represents a parabola that opens upwards since the coefficient of the x^2 term is positive. The vertex of the parabola is at (2, 7) since it is the point where the parabola changes direction. We can also find the axis of symmetry, which is the vertical line passing through the vertex.

## Section 5: Self-Debate Discussion
How do we know if a parabola opens upwards or downwards?

Answer: A parabola opens upwards if the coefficient of the x^2 term is positive and downwards if the coefficient is negative.

## Glossary
- Algebra: the branch of mathematics that deals with the general rules of mathematical operations and the abstract structure of systems
- Trigonometry: the branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the sides and angles of triangles
- Analytical Geometry: the branch of mathematics that uses the techniques of algebra and calculus to study the properties of geometric objects
- Functions and Graphs: a relation that assigns to each member of a set exactly one member of another set
- Equations and Inequalities: a mathematical statement that asserts the equality of two expressions

## Conclusion
By studying precalculus, students will gain a strong foundation in mathematics that can be applied to many fields. They will learn to analyze and solve complex problems, think critically, and reason logically. These skills are essential for success in any field that requires mathematical reasoning.


text:
Bridge Program

We are committed to helping families reach and maintain long-term stability by supporting them with the resources and connections they need to move beyond poverty. Our innovative Bridge Program provides families from our Residential Shelter Program and families from the broader community with long-term case management; housing subsidies and assistance; mental-health counseling; career building and job placement services; K-12 academic tutoring and mentoring; financial support for academic and extracurricular activities; educational workshops in areas such as financial literacy, parenting, and wellness; children’s services; and social activities and outings aimed at strengthening the family bond. On average, 90% of families who actively participate in the program maintain long-term housing and financial stability.

OUR PROGRAMS

Our model of providing a stable homelike shelter and offering ongoing, comprehensive assistance with housing and job placement, while supporting the emotional and social needs of parents and children alike, helps to empower more than 300 families each year with the resources, personalized solutions, and support network they need to build brighter futures.

We partner with families as they work toward achieving long-term stable housing and financial independence. Ours is a nurturing and supportive process that emphasizes the importance of strong families and personal dignity. We take a highly interactive approach, customizing services for each family and each family member, but the work is collaborative. We believe each individual has the ability to achieve their own success.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Build Long-Term Stability for Families

Introduction:

In this lesson, we will learn about the Bridge Program and how it helps families achieve long-term stability. We will cover the program's goals, services, and impact on families' lives. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to explain the importance of comprehensive support for families and how it can lead to positive outcomes.

Section 1: Understanding the Bridge Program

The Bridge Program is a service provided by a non-profit organization that helps families achieve long-term stability. The program offers a variety of services to support families in their journey towards stability. These services include:

- Long-term case management: This means that the program provides ongoing support to help families achieve their goals.
- Housing subsidies and assistance: The program helps families find and maintain affordable housing.
- Mental health counseling: The program provides counseling services to help families address any mental health issues they may be facing.
- Career building and job placement services: The program helps families find and maintain employment.
- Academic tutoring and mentoring: The program provides support for children's education, including tutoring and mentoring.
- Financial support for academic and extracurricular activities: The program helps families pay for expenses related to their children's education.
- Educational workshops: The program offers workshops on topics such as financial literacy, parenting, and wellness.
- Children's services: The program provides services specifically designed for children, such as after-school programs.
- Social activities and outings: The program organizes events and outings to help families bond and build relationships.

Section 2: The Impact of the Bridge Program

The Bridge Program has had a significant impact on the lives of the families it serves. On average, 90% of families who actively participate in the program maintain long-term housing and financial stability. This means that the program is successful in helping families achieve their goal of stability.

One of the reasons for the program's success is its comprehensive approach. By providing a range of services, the program is able to address the many factors that can affect a family's ability to maintain stability. For example, if a family is struggling with mental health issues, the program's counseling services can help them address those issues. If a family is having trouble finding affordable housing, the program's housing services can help them find a solution. By addressing these issues and others, the program is able to provide a holistic approach to helping families achieve long-term stability.

Section 3: Critical Thinking Questions

1. Why is it important for families to have access to comprehensive support services?
2. How does the Bridge Program's approach differ from other programs that focus on just one aspect of family stability?
3. What are some potential challenges that families may face when trying to achieve long-term stability?
4. How does the Bridge Program address these challenges?
5. What role do mental health services play in helping families achieve stability?

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned about the Bridge Program and how it helps families achieve long-term stability. We covered the program's goals, services, and impact on families' lives. By providing comprehensive support services, the program is able to address the many factors that can affect a family's ability to maintain stability. Through critical thinking questions, we explored the importance of comprehensive support services and how the Bridge Program addresses potential challenges. By the end of this lesson, you should have a better understanding of the importance of comprehensive support services for families and how they can lead to positive outcomes.

Glossary:
- Comprehensive: Providing a range of services that address multiple aspects of an issue.
- Holistic: Addressing the whole person or situation, rather than just one aspect.
- Long-term stability: The ability to maintain stability over an extended period of time.


text: .. something like this also works well:. openssl req -config ssl.cnf -new -x509 -subj “/C=US/ST=Oregon/L=Portland/O=IT/CN=” -days 3650 -key cert.key -out cert.crt -extensions v3_ca. The -subj being the important part here.. Here is a one liner for certificate + key generation (without password) :. openssl req -nodes -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.crt -days 356 -subj “/C=US/ST=Oregon/L=Portland/O=IT/CN=”. Thanks to Sean for the -subj trick.. Dear all is there any auto script for iis 6 to generate CSR without entering in iis or manually .. thanks in advance... Just jump to say, THANKS!. This post saved me lots of time and I’ve learn from some new Dragons stuff. Such as:. - HOST=${1:-`hostname`}. - echodo(). {. echo “${@}”. (${@}). }. - Replaced the fqdn() function with hostname -d. - Removed the yearmon() function which not called inside the script, but just defined.. Thanks again, hope this post will assist many more pplz

textbook:
Lesson: Generating SSL Certificates with OpenSSL

Introduction:
OpenSSL is a powerful tool for generating SSL certificates. In this lesson, we will learn how to use OpenSSL to generate SSL certificates with the help of practical examples.

Section 1: Installing OpenSSL

Before we start generating SSL certificates, we need to install OpenSSL on our system. OpenSSL is an open-source tool that provides a SSL/TLS library and command-line tools for generating and managing SSL certificates.

Here are the steps to install OpenSSL on Ubuntu:

1. Update your system package index:
```
sudo apt-get update
```
2. Install OpenSSL:
```
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
```

Now that we have installed OpenSSL, let's move on to the next section.

Section 2: Generating a Self-Signed SSL Certificate

A self-signed SSL certificate is one that is signed by itself. It is usually used for testing purposes or for securing HTTPS connections between two parties that don't trust each other.

Here are the steps to generate a self-signed SSL certificate with OpenSSL:

1. Create a configuration file:
```
openssl req -new -config ssl.cnf -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -nodes -sha256
```
This command creates a new configuration file (`ssl.cnf`) and generates a private key (`key.pem`) and a self-signed SSL certificate (`cert.pem`). The `-nodes` option tells OpenSSL not to prompt for a password, and the `-sha256` option specifies the hashing algorithm to use.

2. Configure the configuration file (`ssl.cnf`):
Open the newly created `ssl.cnf` file in a text editor. You will see a set of options that control the generation of the SSL certificate. The most important options are:

- `commonName`: specifies the name of your organization or domain name. For example, if your domain name is `example.com`, you can set this option to `example.com`.
- `countryName`: specifies the country name where your organization is located. For example, if your organization is located in the United States, you can set this option to `US`.
- `stateOrProvinceName`: specifies the state or province name where your organization is located. For example, if your organization is located in California, you can set this option to `California`.
- `localityName`: specifies the city or town name where your organization is located. For example, if your organization is located in San Francisco, you can set this option to `San Francisco`.
- `organizationName`: specifies the name of your organization. For example, if your organization name is `IT Corporation`, you can set this option to `IT Corporation`.

3. Generate the SSL certificate:
Once you have configured the `ssl.cnf` file, run the following command to generate the self-signed SSL certificate:

```
openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in cert.pem -signkey key.pem -out cert.pem
```
This command signs the `cert.pem` file with the private key stored in `key.pem`, and sets the validity period of the certificate to 3650 days.

Section 3: Generating a Certificate Signing Request (CSR)

A Certificate Signing Request (CSR) is a request sent to a certificate authority (CA) to issue a digital certificate for a website or a device. The CSR contains information about the applicant, such as their organization name, domain name, and public key.

Here are the steps to generate a CSR with OpenSSL:

1. Create a configuration file:
```
openssl req -new -config ssl.cnf -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -nodes -sha256
```
This command is similar to the one used in Section 2, but it also generates a CSR instead of a self-signed SSL certificate.

2. Configure the configuration file (`ssl.cnf`):
Open the newly created `ssl.cnf` file in a text editor. You will see a set of options that control the generation of the CSR. The most important options are:

- `commonName`: specifies the name of your organization or domain name. For example, if your domain name is `example.com`, you can set this option to `example.com`.
- `countryName`: specifies the country name where your organization is located. For example, if your organization is located in the United States, you can set this option to `US`.
- `stateOrProvinceName`: specifies the state or province name where your organization is located. For example, if your organization is located in California, you can set this option to `California`.
- `localityName`: specifies the city or town name where your organization is located. For example, if your organization is located in San Francisco, you can set this option to `San Francisco`.
- `organizationName`: specifies the name of your organization. For example, if your organization name is `IT Corporation`, you can set this option to `IT Corporation`.

3. Generate the CSR:
Once you have configured the `ssl.cnf` file, run the following command to generate the CSR:

```
openssl req -new -config ssl.cnf -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -nodes -sha256
```
This command is similar to the one used in Section 2, but it also generates a CSR instead of a self-signed SSL certificate.

Section 4: Practical Examples

Let's take a look at some practical examples of generating SSL certificates with OpenSSL.

Example 1: Generating a self-signed SSL certificate for a website

Suppose you want to secure your website with a self-signed SSL certificate. Here are the steps to generate a self-signed SSL certificate for your website:

1. Install OpenSSL on your system (as shown in Section 1).
2. Create a configuration file (`ssl.cnf`) with your organization name, domain name, and other relevant information.
3. Generate a private key and a self-signed SSL certificate using the following command:

```
openssl req -new -config ssl.cnf -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -nodes -sha256
```

Example 2: Generating a CSR for a device

Suppose you want to connect a device to your network securely. Here are the steps to generate a CSR for the device:

1. Install OpenSSL on your system (as shown in Section 1).
2. Create a configuration file (`ssl.cnf`) with your organization name, domain name, and other relevant information.
3. Generate a CSR for the device using the following command:

```
openssl req -new -config ssl.cnf -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -nodes -sha256
```

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to generate SSL certificates with OpenSSL. We covered the installation of OpenSSL, generating self-signed SSL certificates, generating CSRs, and provided practical examples of using OpenSSL to secure websites and devices. By the end of this lesson, you should be able to generate SSL certificates and CSRs with ease.