text:
Structural characterization and gas-phase studies of the [Ag10H8(L)6]2+ nanocluster dication.
The reactions between silver salts and borohydrides produce a rich set of products that range from discrete mononuclear compounds through to silver nanoparticles and colloids. Previous studies using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to track the cationic products in solutions containing sodium borohydride, silver(i) tetrafluoroborate and the bisphosphine ligands, L, bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) and bis(diphenylphosphino)amine (dppa) have identified the dications [Ag10H8(L)6]2+. Here we isolate and structurally characterize [Ag10H8(dppa)6](BF4)2, and [Ag10H8(dppa)6](NO3)2via X-ray crystallography. Both dications have nearly identical structural features consisting of a Ag10 scaffold with the atoms lying on vertices of a bicapped square antiprism. DFT calculations were carried out to suggest potential sites for the hydrides. Ion-mobility mass spectrometry experiments revealed that [Ag10H8(dppa)6]2+ and [Ag10H8(dppm)6]2+ have similar collision cross sections, while multistage mass spectrometry experiments were used to compare their unimolecular gas-phase chemistry. Although the same initial sequential ligand loss followed by cluster fission and H2 evolution is observed, the more acidic N-H of the dppa provides a more labile H for H2 loss and H/D scrambling processes as revealed by isotope labelled experiments.

textbook:
Lesson: Structural Characterization and Gas-Phase Studies of the [Ag10H8(L)6]2+ Nanocluster Dication

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the structural characterization and gas-phase studies of the [Ag10H8(L)6]2+ nanocluster dication. We will cover the following topics:

1. Reactions between silver salts and borohydrides
2. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)
3. Structural characterization using X-ray crystallography
4. Gas-phase studies using ion-mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) and multistage mass spectrometry (MSn)

Section 1: Reactions between Silver Salts and Borohydrides
The reactions between silver salts and borohydrides produce a rich set of products that range from discrete mononuclear compounds through to silver nanoparticles and colloids. These reactions are often used in the synthesis of new materials and compounds.

Section 2: Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS)
ESI-MS is a technique used to identify and quantify the cationic products in solutions containing sodium borohydride, silver(i) tetrafluoroborate, and the bisphosphine ligands L, bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm), and bis(diphenylphosphino)amine (dppa). This technique has been used to track the formation of the dication [Ag10H8(L)6]2+.

Section 3: Structural Characterization using X-ray Crystallography
The dications [Ag10H8(dppa)6](BF4)2 and [Ag10H8(dppa)6](NO3)2 were isolated and structurally characterized using X-ray crystallography. Both dications have nearly identical structural features consisting of a Ag10 scaffold with the atoms lying on vertices of a bicapped square antiprism.

Section 4: Gas-Phase Studies using Ion-Mobility Mass Spectrometry (IM-MS) and Multistage Mass Spectrometry (MSn)
IM-MS and MSn experiments were performed to compare the unimolecular gas-phase chemistry of [Ag10H8(dppa)6](BF4)2 and [Ag10H8(dppa)6](NO3)2. The results showed that both dications have similar collision cross sections, indicating that they have similar reactivity in the gas phase.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have learned about the structural characterization and gas-phase studies of the [Ag10H8(L)6]2+ nanocluster dication. We have covered topics such as reactions between silver salts and borohydrides, ESI-MS, X-ray crystallography, IM-MS, and MSn. By understanding these techniques and their applications, we can gain valuable insights into the synthesis and characterization of new materials and compounds.

Glossary:
- Silver salts: Compounds containing silver ions (Ag+)
- Borohydrides: Compounds containing the boron hydrogenide anion (BH4-)
- Dications: Molecules that contain two positive charges
- Bisphosphine ligands: Molecules that can bind to metal ions and help stabilize complexes
- Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS): A technique used to identify and quantify ions in a solution
- X-ray crystallography: A technique used to determine the structure of a crystalline material
- Ion-mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS): A technique used to measure the mobility of ions in a gas
- Multistage mass spectrometry (MSn): A technique used to study the fragmentation of molecules in a mass spectrometer


text:
The Royal Newfoundland Constabulary really wants it to be known: It is a Canadian police service in Newfoundland and Labrador, with no U.S. political affiliations.

It's a message the force has been sending a lot, especially this week since the launch of the Republican convention in Ohio.

Due to an acronym similarity, the RNC in Canada has been getting dozens of Twitter messages meant for the Republican National Committee in the United States.

@longshot007 @realDonaldTrump we are a Canadian Police Service in Newfoundland & Labrador with no U.S. Political affiliations —@RNC_PoliceNL

@MartiJ1956 we are a Canadian Police Service in Newfoundland & Labrador with no U.S. Political affiliations —@RNC_PoliceNL

The mixups started about two years ago, according to RNC Const. Geoff Higdon, who looks after the Constabulary's Twitter account.

But since the convention kicked off in Cleveland on Monday, the trickle of tweets has turned into a torrent.

"We see our news feed and our notifications just completely jammed with mentions to us regarding either love or hatred toward Donald Trump," said Higdon.

Twitter handle confusion

Part of the issue is that the Republican Party, and its committee, don't operate on Twitter under @RNC. They're using @GOP.

The confusion may come from the auto-fill prompt on Twitter.

According to Higdon, the police force's Twitter account is the first to pop up for many users who want to send a message to the Republicans, and that leads to some interesting interactions.

"During the first day of the convention — it was really funny — there was a video shared of a bunch of police officers, I'm assuming Cleveland police officers, who were on bicycle duty," he said.

"People tweeted to us, thanking us for keeping the convention safe … it is comical — there's not really much you can do."

'Getting a lot of flack'

He said the Constabulary has also been taking the heat for some recent American political controversies.

"We've been getting a lot of flack for allowing Donald Trump's wife to use parts from Mrs. Obama's speech. We're blamed for that one today," said Higdon, referring to accusations of plagiarism levied against Melania Trump, whose speech bore heavy similarities to a speech Michelle Obama delivered eight years ago.

"We got dragged into the whole open carry laws in the U.S. there for a few days."

@onemarymarks @realDonaldTrump we are a Canadian Police Service in Newfoundland & Labrador with no U.S. Political affiliations! 🇨🇦🇨🇦🇨🇦 —@RNC_PoliceNL

The Constabulary added the phrasing "(Police)" to its Twitter profile a few months ago, but that has not deterred many commentators from getting in touch.

Despite the thousands of Twitter notifications, and a few vulgar tweets, Higdon said those responding to the police department have been overwhelmingly positive.

He said the police force were aware of the other RNC when they chose their Twitter handle, but thought the police might have history on their side.

"We figured, 'Hey, we've been here since 1729, maybe we've beaten everybody to it,'" he said.

No solutions

The search for solutions has proven elusive, too.

Higdon said "Royal Newfoundland Constabulary" is too long for the character limits in Twitter's username field, and the force has been unable to reach Twitter for direct help.

He said the force isn't interested in a tweet straight from Donald Trump, however.

"The big guy's never actually tweeted to us directly. With 10 million followers, I can't imagine that would help the problem," Higdon said.

"We're not looking for a tweet from The Donald. We're good."

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Police Services in Canada

Introduction: In this lesson, we will learn about the different types of police services in Canada and their roles and responsibilities. We will also explore the differences between the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary (RNC) and the Republican National Committee (RNC) in the United States.

Section 1: Types of Police Services in Canada

Topic 1: What is a Police Service?
A police service is a group of people responsible for maintaining law and order in a community or region. They respond to emergency calls, investigate crimes, and arrest offenders.

Topic 2: Who runs the police services in Canada?
In Canada, each province and territory has its own police service. These services are run by the provincial or territorial government.

Topic 3: What are the different types of police services in Canada?
There are four main types of police services in Canada:

1. Municipal Police Services: These services are responsible for policing cities and towns.
2. Provincial Police Services: These services are responsible for policing rural areas and highways.
3. Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP): This is the national police service of Canada. It is responsible for policing all areas of the country, including remote and Indigenous communities.
4. Military Police: These services are responsible for policing military bases and facilities.

Section 2: The Royal Newfoundland Constabulary (RNC)

Topic 1: What is the RNC?
The RNC is a police service in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It is not affiliated with the Republican National Committee (RNC) in the United States.

Topic 2: What is the RNC's role and responsibility?
The RNC is responsible for maintaining law and order in Newfoundland and Labrador. It responds to emergency calls, investigates crimes, and arrests offenders.

Topic 3: Why does the RNC want people to know it is not affiliated with the RNC in the US?
The RNC in Canada has been getting dozens of Twitter messages meant for the Republican National Committee in the United States. To clear up the confusion, the RNC in Canada has been sending messages to let people know that it is a Canadian police service with no political affiliations in the US.

Section 3: Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the different types of police services in Canada and the role of the RNC in Newfoundland and Labrador. We also explored the confusion between the RNC in Canada and the RNC in the US. By understanding the differences between these two organizations, we can better understand the importance of police services in maintaining law and order in our communities.

Glossary:
- Police service: A group of people responsible for maintaining law and order in a community or region.
- RCMP: The national police service of Canada.
- Municipal police services: Responsible for policing cities and towns.
- Provincial police services: Responsible for policing rural areas and highways.
- Military police: Responsible for policing military bases and facilities.
- Republican National Committee (RNC): A political organization in the United States that supports the Republican Party.


text: Rongai Route. Mount Kilimanjaro. Fantastic organisation and a fantastic team - put simply we wouldn't have made it to the top of Africa without you. thumbsup throughout - thank you.. We had great meals and caring, intelligent guides who were clearly motivated to help us have the best experience possible.. Amazing company from start to finish. Very well prepared and delivered beyond expectation, the guides and porters were amazing and looked after us all, an experience that will be hard to forget!. What a fantastic experience, we all really enjoyed it. We can't recommend Just Kilimanjaro enough, very helpful team and had a great climb in Tanzania.. Well organised trip with expert, experienced guides and competent support teams. Tough going at some stages especially on summit night, but well worth the effort to reach the top. Highly recommended!

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: How to Write a Review

Introduction:
Reviews are an essential part of any business, as they provide valuable feedback to customers and help businesses improve their products or services. In this lesson, we will learn how to write a review that is clear, concise, and informative.

Section 1: Understanding the Purpose of a Review

The purpose of a review is to provide an honest assessment of a product or service. A good review should answer the following questions:

1. What did you like about the product/service?
2. What did you dislike about the product/service?
3. Would you recommend this product/service to others? Why or why not?

By answering these questions, you can provide valuable information to other customers and help businesses understand what they are doing well and where they need to improve.

Section 2: Writing a Clear and Concise Review

When writing a review, it is essential to be clear and concise. Here are some tips to help you write a clear and concise review:

1. Use specific examples: Use specific examples to illustrate your points. This will help readers understand what you liked or disliked about the product/service.

2. Be honest: Be honest in your review, and don't be afraid to criticize the product/service if necessary. However, be sure to focus on the facts and avoid making personal attacks.

3. Keep it brief: Avoid writing a novel. Instead, focus on the most important points and keep your review brief and to the point.

4. Use a consistent style: Use a consistent style throughout your review. This will make it easier for readers to understand your points and evaluate your review.

Section 3: Practical Examples

Let's look at some practical examples of reviews:

Example 1: Good Review

I recently purchased a new laptop, and I am very happy with my purchase. The laptop is lightweight and portable, which makes it easy to take with me wherever I go. The battery life is also impressive, and I can go all day without having to recharge. Overall, I would highly recommend this laptop to anyone in the market for a new one.

Example 2: Bad Review

I recently tried a new restaurant, and I was disappointed with my experience. The food was overpriced and of poor quality, and the service was slow and unattentive. I will not be returning to this restaurant, and I would not recommend it to anyone.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, writing a review is an essential skill that can help businesses improve their products or services and help customers make informed decisions. By following the tips outlined in this lesson, you can write a clear, concise, and informative review that provides valuable feedback to others.


text: WATCH — "Communicating strong microbiome evidence key to warding off 'snake oil' and 'pseudoscience'" 26-Nov-2018 By Will Chu There is a large appetite among the public for microbiome-based medicine but there is also a need to deliver more in terms of evidence and how it’s communicated, a microbiome expert said.

textbook:
Lesson: Communicating Scientific Evidence

Introduction:
Scientific evidence is crucial in proving or disproving theories and hypotheses. However, it can be challenging to communicate scientific evidence to the general public in a way that is easy to understand and convincing. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of communicating scientific evidence effectively and how to do so.

Section 1: Understanding the Importance of Communicating Scientific Evidence

Topic 1: Why is it important to communicate scientific evidence?
- Communicating scientific evidence is essential because it helps people understand the validity of claims made by scientists and researchers.
- It also allows the public to make informed decisions about their health and wellbeing based on scientific evidence.

Topic 2: What are some common challenges in communicating scientific evidence?
- One challenge is the complexity of the language used in scientific research, which can be difficult for non-experts to understand.
- Another challenge is the lack of trust in science and scientific institutions among certain groups of people.

Section 2: Strategies for Communicating Scientific Evidence Effectively

Topic 1: How can you simplify complex scientific language?
- Use simple language and avoid jargon when communicating scientific evidence.
- Break down complex concepts into smaller, more manageable parts.
- Use analogies and metaphors to help people understand complex ideas.

Topic 2: How can you establish credibility and trust in scientific evidence?
- Use reputable sources and experts to support your claims.
- Be transparent about the limitations of your research and the methods used.
- Engage with your audience and answer their questions honestly and openly.

Section 3: Examples of Effective Communication of Scientific Evidence

Topic 1: How has the communication of scientific evidence been used to promote public health?
- For example, the communication of scientific evidence about the dangers of smoking has helped reduce smoking rates and improve public health.
- Similarly, the communication of scientific evidence about the benefits of vaccination has helped increase vaccination rates and prevent the spread of disease.

Topic 2: How has the communication of scientific evidence been used to promote environmental conservation?
- For example, the communication of scientific evidence about climate change has helped raise awareness of the issue and encourage people to take action to reduce their carbon footprint.
- Similarly, the communication of scientific evidence about the impact of human activity on wildlife populations has helped promote conservation efforts and protect endangered species.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, communicating scientific evidence effectively is crucial in helping people understand the validity of claims and make informed decisions. By using simple language, being transparent, and engaging with your audience, you can establish credibility and trust in scientific evidence. By using examples like public health and environmental conservation, we can see the importance of effective communication of scientific evidence in promoting positive change.

Glossary:
- Scientific evidence: Data collected through experiments, observations, and analysis that supports or refutes a hypothesis or theory.
- Jargon: Specialized terminology used in a particular field or profession.
- Analogies: Comparisons between two things to help explain one of them.
- Metaphors: Figures of speech that compare two unlike things to create a vivid description.
- Reputable sources: Reliable and trustworthy sources of information, such as peer-reviewed journals or reputable news outlets.
- Transparency: Honesty and openness about the methods and results of scientific research.


text:
First Look at Paul Bettany in Priest

Sony’s Screen Gems has brought online an official website for the Scott Stewart-directed Priest adaptation which gives us a first look at Paul Bettany in the film.

Scheduled to open on August 13, 2010, the film is an adaptation of the TokyoPop comic book. The story is set in a world ravaged by centuries of war between man and vampire and follows a warrior priest (Bettany) who turns against the church to track down a murderous band of vampires who have kidnapped his niece. Cam Gigandet co-stars.

textbook:
Title: Understanding the Basics of Vampires in Literature and Film

Introduction:
Vampires have been a staple in literature and film for centuries, with their origins dating back to folklore from Eastern Europe. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of vampires, including their history, characteristics, and the different types that exist in literature and film.

Section 1: History of Vampires
- Vampires have been featured in literature and film since the 18th century, originating from folklore from Eastern Europe.
- The word "vampire" comes from the Old Russian word "upir," which means "undead."
- Bram Stoker's 1897 novel "Dracula" is considered the first modern vampire story.

Section 2: Characteristics of Vampires
- Vampires are typically portrayed as immortal beings who feed on human blood to survive.
- They are often depicted as having superhuman strength, speed, and agility.
- They can shapeshift into animals or other forms, such as bats or wolves.
- Vampires are usually portrayed as being allergic to garlic, sunlight, and holy symbols.

Section 3: Types of Vampires
- There are many different types of vampires in literature and film, each with their own unique characteristics and abilities.
- Some common types include:
  - Dracula: A powerful and iconic vampire who is often depicted as a prince from Transylvania.
  - Nosferatu: A grotesque and repulsive vampire that is often depicted as a plague-ridden creature.
  - Edward Cullen: A vampire from Stephenie Meyer's "Twilight" series who is able to control his thirst for blood and falls in love with a human.

Conclusion:
Understanding the basics of vampires in literature and film can help you appreciate the nuances of these creatures and the stories that feature them. By exploring their history, characteristics, and types, you can develop a deeper appreciation for the complexity of these creatures and the stories that feature them.


text: The City Auditor provides independent, timely oversight of the City’s finances and operations and ensures the City’s programs are being executed legally, efficiently, and effectively. Serving as a barrier to potential fraud or misuse of City resources, the Office provides financial and other information to the City Council, City Manager, City departments, the investment community, federal, state and other levels of government and to the citizens of Cambridge. The Office also provides assistance to the City Council in its review of the proposed City Budget.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Government Accounting

**Introduction:** In this lesson, we will learn about government accounting and the role of the City Auditor in ensuring that the city's finances and operations are managed legally, efficiently, and effectively. We will also explore the importance of independent oversight and how it helps prevent fraud or misuse of city resources.

**Section 1: What is Government Accounting?**
Government accounting is the process of recording, summarizing, and presenting financial information about the government's activities to external users such as citizens, investors, and creditors. It helps ensure that the government is using taxpayer money wisely and accurately.

**Section 2: The Role of the City Auditor**
The City Auditor plays a crucial role in ensuring that the city's finances and operations are managed legally, efficiently, and effectively. They provide independent, timely oversight of the city's finances and operations and ensure that the city's programs are being executed legally, efficiently, and effectively. The City Auditor serves as a barrier to potential fraud or misuse of city resources by providing financial and other information to the City Council, City Manager, City departments, the investment community, federal, state, and other levels of government, and to the citizens of Cambridge.

**Section 3: Importance of Independent Oversight**
Independent oversight is essential because it helps prevent fraud or misuse of city resources. The City Auditor provides an objective analysis of the city's finances and operations, which can help identify areas for improvement and prevent errors or abuses from going unnoticed. This independent oversight helps build trust in the city's government and ensures that taxpayer money is used wisely and accurately.

**Section 4: Assistance to the City Council in its Review of the Proposed City Budget**
The City Auditor provides assistance to the City Council in its review of the proposed city budget. This assistance helps ensure that the budget is accurate and reflects the city's financial situation accurately. The City Auditor may also provide recommendations for improving the budget or identifying areas where savings could be made.

**Conclusion:** In conclusion, government accounting is essential for ensuring that the government is managing taxpayer money wisely and accurately. The City Auditor plays a crucial role in providing independent, timely oversight of the city's finances and operations. This independent oversight helps prevent fraud or misuse of city resources and builds trust in the city's government. By understanding the role of the City Auditor and the importance of independent oversight, we can better appreciate the importance of government accounting and its impact on our community.

**Glossary:**
- Government Accounting: The process of recording, summarizing, and presenting financial information about the government's activities to external users such as citizens, investors, and creditors.
- City Auditor: An independent office responsible for providing oversight of the city's finances and operations to ensure they are managed legally, efficiently, and effectively.
- Independent Oversight: A process where an independent body provides an objective analysis of the city's finances and operations to identify areas for improvement and prevent errors or abuses from going unnoticed.
- Proposed City Budget: A document that outlines the city's planned expenditures and revenues for the upcoming fiscal year.


text:
Q:

SSMS Error when creating database "Method not found .. StringCollection"

I'm using SQL Server Management Studio 2016.
When I try to create a local database by right clicking on Databases and selecting "New Database" I get the following error:

I've tried restarting SSMS and the machine.
I can create the database through SQL, however I get the same error when trying to launch any GUI dialogs for the database. So creating it thru SQL doesn't work around my issue as I need to configure it also (and I don't want to write scripts for everything).

A:

You have several options:

Make sure SSMS 2016 has the latest fixes for that version. Many people forget that tools need patching as well as server components. See Latest Builds of Management Studio for more information.

Consider updating SSMS to the latest major version, which is 17.2 at the time of writing. From that link:

This version of SSMS works with all supported versions of SQL Server 2008 - SQL Server 2017 and provides the greatest level of support for working with the latest cloud features in Azure SQL Database and Azure SQL Data Warehouse.

Perform an uninstall and reinstall. You could reinstall the same version if you like.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Mathematics

## Chapter 1: The Importance of Mathematics

### Section 1: Why Study Mathematics?

Mathematics is the study of numbers, shapes, and patterns. It is a fundamental tool for understanding and solving problems in many fields, including science, engineering, economics, and computer science. Mathematics helps us to think logically, make informed decisions, and develop problem-solving skills.

### Section 2: Applications of Mathematics

Mathematics has numerous applications in our daily lives, such as:

1. Calculating distances, speeds, and durations
2. Managing finances and budgets
3. Understanding and predicting weather patterns
4. Analyzing data and making predictions
5. Designing and testing computer programs

### Section 3: The Role of Mathematics in Society

Mathematics plays an essential role in society, including:

1. Developing new technologies and inventions
2. Improving infrastructure and transportation systems
3. Enhancing security and privacy in communication systems
4. Supporting scientific research and discovery

## Conclusion:

In conclusion, mathematics is a powerful tool that helps us understand and solve problems in various fields. By studying mathematics, we develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills that are valuable in many aspects of life.


text: Albeit the phenomenon is currently widespread, the role of licensing in the financing of innovation has been under-investigated by scholars so far. Anecdotal evidence, instead, suggests that in some circumstances licensors is required to further develop the licensed technology which the licensee may finance by paying an upfront fee. Thus, the need for extra finances may affect the decision of the licensor to negotiate and thus actually agree on a specific form of payment. The aim of our paper is to investigate whether financial constrained licensors are more likely to choose an upfront fee-based license and more inclined to credit a portion of the initial fee against future royalties to meet their short-term financing needs. We investigate this issue by combining the Recombinant Capital’s Biotech Alliance (Recap) with Compustat and the USPTO patent database.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Financing Innovation through Licensing

Introduction:
Innovation is a crucial aspect of business growth and development. However, financing innovation can be a challenge for many businesses, especially startups and small enterprises. One way to finance innovation is through licensing, where a company grants another company the right to use its intellectual property (IP) in exchange for payment. This lesson will explore the role of licensing in financing innovation and how financial constraints can affect the decision-making process.

Section 1: Understanding Licensing and Financing Innovation
Topic 1: What is licensing?
Licensing is a legal agreement between two parties where one party (the licensor) grants another party (the licensee) the right to use its IP for a specified period and territory. The licensee pays the licensor a fee for the use of the IP, which can be in the form of an upfront payment or a percentage of sales revenue.

Topic 2: Why do companies use licensing to finance innovation?
Companies use licensing as a way to monetize their IP without having to invest heavily in production, marketing, and distribution. Licensing can also provide a steady stream of income for the licensor, while the licensee benefits from using established IP without having to invest in research and development.

Topic 3: How does financial constraint affect licensing decisions?
Financial constraints can play a significant role in licensing decisions. If a licensor is cash-strapped, they may be more likely to agree to an upfront fee-based license to meet their short-term financing needs. Additionally, if a licensor is struggling to fund further development of their technology, they may be more inclined to negotiate and agree on a specific form of payment, such as crediting a portion of the initial fee against future royalties.

Section 2: Investigating Financing Innovation through Licensing
Topic 1: How does Recap work?
Recap is a method used by scholars to investigate the relationship between financing constraints and licensing decisions. It combines data from Compustat and the USPTO patent database to analyze the terms of licensing agreements and determine whether financially constrained licensors are more likely to choose an upfront fee-based license and credit a portion of the initial fee against future royalties.

Topic 2: What are the findings of the study?
The study found that financially constrained licensors are more likely to choose an upfront fee-based license and credit a portion of the initial fee against future royalties. This suggests that financial constraints play a significant role in licensing decisions and can affect the type of license agreement that is ultimately agreed upon.

Section 3: Applying the Concepts to Real-World Scenarios
Topic 1: How can a startup use licensing to finance its innovation?
A startup with limited resources can use licensing to monetize its IP and generate revenue without having to invest heavily in production, marketing, and distribution. By licensing their IP to an established company, startups can benefit from the licensee's resources and expertise while generating income for their own business.

Topic 2: How can a company with established IP use licensing to generate additional revenue?
A company with established IP can use licensing to generate additional revenue by granting other companies the right to use their IP for a fee. This can provide a steady stream of income while also expanding the reach of their IP to new markets.

Conclusion:
Understanding the role of licensing in financing innovation is essential for businesses looking to grow and develop their products and services. By investigating the relationship between financial constraints and licensing decisions, we can gain insight into how these factors influence the type of license agreement that is ultimately agreed upon. By applying these concepts to real-world scenarios, businesses can make informed decisions about whether licensing is the right strategy for financing their innovation.

Glossary:
- Licensing: A legal agreement between two parties where one party (the licensor) grants another party (the licensee) the right to use its intellectual property (IP) for a specified period and territory.
- Intellectual Property (IP): Any creation of the mind, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, and symbols, names, and images used in commerce.
- Upfront Fee: A one-time payment made by the licensee to the licensor for the use of their IP.
- Royalties: A percentage of sales revenue paid by the licensee to the licensor for the use of their IP.
- Financial Constraints: Limitations or restrictions on a company's ability to access funds for financing.


text: CoA Halti Headcollar Size 1 Black. "Puts people in control" Stops dogs pulling on the lead.. Kindly calms boisterous behaviour. Simplifies training Solves problems, allows freedom to pant and yawn.. On-off action to close biters' jaws.. The Halti was designed by Dr Roger Mugford to come to the rescue of such dogs and their owners. Its revolutionary design is based on the same principle as a horse's headcollar - if you guide the head, the body will follow. Instant control. Walking becomes a pleasure for both you and your dog - no more choking and no more sore arms while you struggle to stay in control.. As well as making dog walking easier and safer, the Halti helps with other aspects of training and problem solving by its calming effect and by allowing you gently to direct the dog's head into desired positions.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Choose the Right Dog Collar

Introduction:
Dog collars are essential accessories for every dog owner. They are used for training, identification, and safety purposes. However, with so many types of collars available, choosing the right one can be challenging. In this lesson, we will explore the different types of dog collars, their features, and how to choose the best one for your dog.

Section 1: Types of Dog Collars

There are several types of dog collars, each with its unique features and benefits. These include:

1. Flat collars: These are the most common type of collar. They are made from various materials such as nylon, leather, or fabric. Flat collars are ideal for everyday use, walking, and training.

2. Martingale collars: These collars are also known as limited-slip collars. They are designed to prevent dogs from escaping or backing out of their collars. Martingale collars are ideal for dogs that tend to slip out of traditional collars.

3. Headcollars: Also known as gentle leaders, headcollars are designed to control the dog's head and neck, which in turn controls the dog's body. Headcollars are ideal for dogs that pull on the leash.

4. Choke chains: These collars are made of metal links connected by small rings. When the dog pulls, the chain tightens around the neck, making it uncomfortable. Choke chains are not recommended for regular use but can be used for training purposes under the guidance of a professional trainer.

Section 2: Features to Consider

When choosing a dog collar, consider the following features:

1. Size: Ensure the collar fits correctly around your dog's neck without being too tight or too loose. Measure your dog's neck to determine the correct size.

2. Material: Choose a material that is durable, comfortable, and safe for your dog. Some materials, such as leather, may be more expensive but offer more style options.

3. Adjustability: Adjustable collars allow you to customize the fit for your dog as they grow or lose weight.

4. Buckle: Look for a strong, secure buckle that is easy to use and does not pinch your dog's skin.

5. Reflective strips: If you walk your dog at night, consider a collar with reflective strips to improve visibility.

Section 3: How to Choose the Best Collar for Your Dog

1. Assess your dog's behavior: Determine whether your dog pulls on the leash, escapes from collars, or requires special training. This will help you choose the most appropriate collar.

2. Consult a professional: If you are unsure about which collar to choose, consult a professional trainer or veterinarian for advice.

3. Test the collar: Before purchasing a collar, test it on your dog to ensure it is comfortable and fits properly.

Conclusion:
Choosing the right dog collar is essential for your dog's safety, comfort, and training. By considering the different types of collars and their features, you can make an informed decision on the best collar for your furry friend. Remember to consult a professional if you need further guidance.

Glossary:
- Flat collar: A type of collar made from various materials such as nylon, leather, or fabric.
- Martingale collar: A collar that prevents dogs from escaping or backing out of their collars.
- Headcollar: A collar that controls the dog's head and neck, controlling the body.
- Choke chain: A collar made of metal links connected by small rings.

[1] Image of a dog wearing a Halti Headcollar.


text: Jun just end after coming out to friends and family and how the old fashioned expectations of masculinity can lead to a decline in mental health and a feeling of misplacement in an industry held up in large part by the people it doesn't let fit in. After saying goodbye to pursuing performing work Tom has been pursuing directing and other creative avenues. Since recording this episode has accepted a job as Literary Manager for Aria/From Page To Stage! If you have a new musical you'd like to submit for consideration go to frompage2stage.com!. Follow Tom on twitter @tomramsay_. If you have anything you'd like to share about this weeks subject matter please get in touch. You could write your account out for us to read on a "Call back" episode about this topic or you can tweet us to have your voice heard. Our DM's are also open for anyone to get in touch.. Please share this episode far and wide so more people can hear Tom's important message and remember, as Tom says, "You’re doing good boo."

textbook:
Lesson Title: The Impact of Masculinity on Mental Health

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the impact of masculinity on mental health. We will discuss how traditional expectations of masculinity can lead to a decline in mental health and a feeling of misplacement in an industry held up in large part by the people it doesn't let fit in. We will also discuss how these expectations can affect individuals' self-esteem and confidence.

Section 1: Understanding Masculinity

Question: What is masculinity?
Answer: Masculinity refers to the set of characteristics that are associated with being a man. These characteristics include strength, independence, and assertiveness.

Question: How has masculinity changed over time?
Answer: Masculinity has evolved over time, and what was considered masculine in the past may not be considered so today. For example, in the past, men were expected to be the breadwinners and provide for their families. Today, many women work outside the home and contribute to the family's income.

Question: What are some traditional expectations of masculinity?
Answer: Some traditional expectations of masculinity include physical strength, emotional control, and a lack of interest in domestic tasks.

Section 2: The Impact of Masculinity on Mental Health

Question: Can traditional expectations of masculinity have a negative impact on mental health?
Answer: Yes, traditional expectations of masculinity can have a negative impact on mental health. Men who do not meet these expectations may feel like they do not fit in and may experience feelings of shame, guilt, and isolation.

Question: Can traditional expectations of masculinity lead to depression and anxiety?
Answer: Yes, traditional expectations of masculinity can lead to depression and anxiety. Men who feel like they do not meet these expectations may feel like they are not good enough and may experience low self-esteem and confidence.

Section 3: Coping Strategies

Question: What can men do to cope with the negative impact of traditional expectations of masculinity on their mental health?
Answer: Men can take steps to cope with the negative impact of traditional expectations of masculinity on their mental health. These steps include seeking support from friends, family, or a therapist, practicing self-care, and engaging in activities that bring them joy and fulfillment.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, traditional expectations of masculinity can have a negative impact on mental health. It is essential for men to recognize these expectations and take steps to cope with their effects. By seeking support, practicing self-care, and engaging in activities that bring them joy and fulfillment, men can improve their mental health and well-being.

Glossary:
- Masculinity: The set of characteristics associated with being a man.
- Traditional expectations of masculinity: The traditional beliefs about what it means to be a man, including physical strength, emotional control, and a lack of interest in domestic tasks.
- Mental health: A person's emotional, psychological, and social well-being.
- Depression: A mental health disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and worthlessness.
- Anxiety: A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome.


text: As night falls here in Juba our vehicle is driven inside a compound and the gate is locked. There's a curfew in place and the risk of car-jacking is real. I could hire a taxi and go out but I'd rather not risk it. And this is South Sudan's capital city. How would you feel if your capital city was that unsafe?. I'm here to help review Tearfund's work with local churches in South Sudan. It's a challenging context. We work to empower churches and communities to address poverty themselves but this is a country where people are long used to receiving free support. Our approach takes time but insecurity is rife and things can change at a moment's notice.. Tomorrow I will travel out to Mundri and will see for myself what has happened. I remember visiting there 10 years ago and sitting chatting around a fire under the stars. It was a poor community then and people had little hope that things could get better. Will anything have changed?

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to South Sudan's Insecurity

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

In this lesson, we will learn about the challenges faced by people living in South Sudan, particularly the issue of insecurity. We will explore the reasons behind this insecurity and how it affects the daily lives of people in the country.

## Section 2: Questions and Answers

1. What is insecurity?
2. Why is there so much insecurity in South Sudan?
3. How does insecurity affect the lives of people in South Sudan?
4. What can be done to address insecurity in South Sudan?

## Section 3: Definitions and Examples

**Insecurity:** A lack of safety or protection, often due to political instability, violence, or poverty.

**South Sudan:** A country in East Africa that gained independence from Sudan in 2011. It is one of the poorest countries in the world and has been plagued by conflict and insecurity since gaining independence.

**Poverty:** A lack of resources, such as food, shelter, and money, that prevents people from meeting their basic needs.

**Empower:** To give someone the power or authority to do something.

**Approach:** A way of doing something, such as solving a problem or achieving a goal.

**Challenging:** Difficult or demanding.

**Insecurity is rife:** This means that insecurity is widespread and common in South Sudan.

**Change at a moment's notice:** This means that things can quickly change, without warning, in South Sudan.

**Mundri:** A town in South Sudan where Tearfund works to empower churches and communities to address poverty.

## Glossary

| Term | Definition |
| --- | --- |
| Insecurity | A lack of safety or protection, often due to political instability, violence, or poverty. |
| South Sudan | A country in East Africa that gained independence from Sudan in 2011. |
| Poverty | A lack of resources, such as food, shelter, and money, that prevents people from meeting their basic needs. |
| Empower | To give someone the power or authority to do something. |
| Approach | A way of doing something, such as solving a problem or achieving a goal. |
| Challenging | Difficult or demanding. |
| Insecurity is rife | This means that insecurity is widespread and common in South Sudan. |
| Change at a moment's notice | This means that things can quickly change, without warning, in South Sudan. |
| Mundri | A town in South Sudan where Tearfund works to empower churches and communities to address poverty. |

## Section 4: Practical Examples

Let's imagine that you are working for an international aid organization and you have been assigned to work on a project in South Sudan. Your task is to assess the impact of the organization's efforts to reduce insecurity in the region. You decide to visit Mundri, a town where Tearfund has been working to empower churches and communities to address poverty.

When you arrive, you notice that the town has changed significantly since your last visit ten years ago. You see that there are more buildings, roads, and businesses. People seem to be busier and more engaged in their daily activities. However, you also notice that there are still many challenges facing the community.

You speak with members of the church and community leaders who tell you that they have been working together to address poverty and insecurity in the area. They have established community gardens, built homes for those who were homeless, and created jobs through small businesses. They have also worked to establish peace and reconciliation programs to address conflicts within the community.

Despite these achievements, the community still faces many challenges. There is a lack of access to clean water, healthcare, and education. There is also a shortage of food and other resources. These challenges make it difficult for people to meet their basic needs and create an environment where insecurity can thrive.

You leave Mundri feeling inspired by the resilience and determination of the people you met. You also feel a sense of urgency to address the challenges facing the community. You know that addressing insecurity requires a holistic approach that goes beyond just providing aid. It requires empowering communities to take ownership of their own development and addressing the root causes of poverty and insecurity.

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the challenges faced by people living in South Sudan, particularly the issue of insecurity. We explored the reasons behind this insecurity and how it affects the daily lives of people in the country. We also learned about the work being done by organizations like Tearfund to empower churches and communities to address poverty. By understanding the complexities of insecurity and the factors that contribute to it, we can begin to develop effective strategies to address this issue and create a safer and more secure environment for all people.


text: WATCH: Two Vancouver animal rights activists stage a protest at Calgary Stampede. Two activists chain themselves to the track ahead of the chuckwagon race Friday night.Courtesy: Vancouver Animal Defense League. Two animal rights activists from Vancouver have locked themselves to the railing on the inside of a chuckwagon race track at Calgary Stampede this evening before a race was scheduled to start.. The two women are volunteers with the Vancouver Animal Defense League.. WATCH: Two protests chain themselves to the track at Calgary Stampede. The animal rights group says the purpose of the protest was to prevent the chuckwagon races from occurring.. The group is calling for the event to be banned, calling it “abhorrent.”. Bonni Clark with Calgary Stampede told Global News the incident caused a “slight delay” and the races continued as normal.. The Stampede kicked off today and will run until July 13.. Back in 2012, 1.4 million people attended the Calgary Stampede, which officials hope to match this year.. ><<

textbook:
Lesson: How to Write a News Article

Introduction:
A news article is a written report that presents information in an objective and concise manner. In this lesson, we will learn how to write a news article by analyzing a sample article about animal rights activists protesting at the Calgary Stampede.

Section 1: Understanding the Structure of a News Article

A news article typically follows an inverted pyramid structure, where the most important information is placed at the top and the least important information is placed at the bottom. The structure of a typical news article includes:

1. Headline: A brief and attention-grabbing title that summarizes the story.
2. Lead: The first sentence or paragraph that provides the most important information.
3. Body: Additional details and quotes that provide context and support for the lead.
4. Conclusion: A summary of the main points or a call to action.

Section 2: Analyzing the Sample Article

Let's analyze the sample article about animal rights activists protesting at the Calgary Stampede and identify the elements of a news article.

Headline: "Two Vancouver animal rights activists stage a protest at Calgary Stampede"

Lead: "Two activists chain themselves to the track ahead of the chuckwagon race Friday night."

Body: "The animal rights group says the purpose of the protest was to prevent the chuckwagon races from occurring. The group is calling for the event to be banned, calling it 'abhorrent.' Bonni Clark with Calgary Stampede told Global News the incident caused a 'slight delay' and the races continued as normal."

Conclusion: None

Section 3: Writing Your Own News Article

Now that we have analyzed a sample article, let's write our own news article about a local event.

Headline: "Local School Hosts Charity Run to Support Local Food Bank"

Lead: "Over 500 runners participated in the annual charity run to raise funds for the local food bank."

Body: "The run, which took place on Saturday morning, had participants of all ages and abilities. The event included a 5K run, a 10K run, and a family fun walk. All proceeds from the event will go towards supporting the local food bank, which provides food and essentials to those in need."

Conclusion: "The organizers of the event expressed their gratitude to all participants and sponsors for their support in making the event a success. They encouraged everyone to continue supporting the local food bank throughout the year."

Glossary:
- Headline: A brief and attention-grabbing title that summarizes the story.
- Lead: The first sentence or paragraph that provides the most important information.
- Body: Additional details and quotes that provide context and support for the lead.
- Conclusion: A summary of the main points or a call to action.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to write a news article by analyzing a sample article about animal rights activists protesting at the Calgary Stampede. We then applied this knowledge to write our own news article about a local charity run. By understanding the structure of a news article and using clear and concise language, we can effectively communicate information to our audience.


text: Owensboro Singer Featured in Bluebird Cafe Documentary [Video]. There's a brand new documentary about the Bluebird Cafe in Nashville, Tennessee. Skylar Cain, a talented young singer-songwriter from Owensboro, was chosen to be a part of the project. Look for a glimpse of Skylar in the official trailer.. To check out the official Bluebird trailer, CLICK HERE!. Bluebird has been chosen as an official documentary selection at the SXSW Film Festival. The film is directed by Brian Loschiavo and tells the story of the famed and historic Bluebird Cafe in Nashville. According to an official press release, the film highlights the past and present of this accidental landmark, hear the origin stories of music royalty, and follow emerging singer-songwriters as they chase their dreams.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Documentaries

**Section 1: Theory**
- A documentary is a non-fictional film or video that presents facts and information about a particular subject or event.
- Documentaries are used to inform, educate, or persuade viewers about a certain topic or issue.
- They can be used to tell stories, share experiences, or provide insights into a particular subject matter.

**Section 2: Practice**
- Watch the official trailer for the Bluebird documentary.
- Identify the key elements that make it a documentary.
- Answer the following questions:
    - What is the main subject of the documentary?
    - What is the purpose of the documentary?
    - Who is the target audience?
    - What is the tone of the documentary?
- Discuss with a partner or small group:
    - What other documentaries have you seen or heard about?
    - Why do you think documentaries are popular?
    - How do documentaries differ from fiction movies or TV shows?

**Section 3: Application**
- Apply what you have learned about documentaries to analyze other documentaries you may encounter.
- Use the information you gathered from the trailer to create a summary of the documentary.
- Reflect on the importance of documentaries in society and how they can help us understand the world around us.

**Glossary**
- Documentary: a non-fictional film or video that presents facts and information about a particular subject or event.
- Inform: to give knowledge or information to someone.
- Educate: to provide learning experiences that help someone learn or improve their knowledge or skills.
- Persuade: to influence or change someone's opinion or behavior.
- Non-fictional: not based on imagination, but on real events or facts.
- Insight: a clear and deep understanding of a problem or situation.

**Conclusion**
Documentaries are an important tool for learning about the world around us. By analyzing and summarizing information from a documentary, we can gain valuable insights and perspectives on a variety of topics. This skill can be applied to many areas of life, from understanding current events to making informed decisions.


text: Middle East & North Africa Economy Monitor. Released November 2018. In terms of percentage growth, the Middle East & North Africa (MENA) is now the world leader in several key wellness markets. For spa revenues, MENA ranks #1 for growth from 2015-2017, with its market expanding from $2.1 billion to $2.8 billion–or 30 percent annually. MENA also ranks #1 for wellness tourism spend growth over those two years: Revenues have hit $10.7 billion, or an impressive 13.3 percent annual recent growth. And the region also ranks #1 for thermal/mineral springs market growth, with revenues growing over 30 percent annually. Its workplace wellness market is seeing steady 7.4 percent annual growth, while its wellness real estate market is growing 5.2 percent yearly.. This special report on MENA’s wellness economy provides the most recent market data–and examines the trends and key industry developments powering this fast-developing.

textbook:
Lesson Title: The Growth of Wellness Markets in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the growth of wellness markets in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. We will examine the trends and key industry developments that have contributed to this growth and discuss the impact of these developments on the economy and society.

Section 1: Overview of Wellness Markets in MENA
- What are wellness markets?
- How have wellness markets been growing in MENA?
- Which wellness markets have shown the most growth in MENA?

Section 2: Spa Industry in MENA
- What is the spa industry?
- How has the spa industry grown in MENA?
- What factors have contributed to the growth of the spa industry in MENA?

Section 3: Wellness Tourism in MENA
- What is wellness tourism?
- How has wellness tourism grown in MENA?
- What factors have contributed to the growth of wellness tourism in MENA?

Section 4: Thermal/Mineral Springs Market in MENA
- What is the thermal/mineral springs market?
- How has the thermal/mineral springs market grown in MENA?
- What factors have contributed to the growth of the thermal/mineral springs market in MENA?

Section 5: Workplace Wellness Market in MENA
- What is the workplace wellness market?
- How has the workplace wellness market grown in MENA?
- What factors have contributed to the growth of the workplace wellness market in MENA?

Section 6: Wellness Real Estate Market in MENA
- What is the wellness real estate market?
- How has the wellness real estate market grown in MENA?
- What factors have contributed to the growth of the wellness real estate market in MENA?

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the wellness markets in MENA have shown significant growth in recent years, with spa revenues, wellness tourism spend, thermal/mineral springs market, workplace wellness market, and wellness real estate market all experiencing growth. This growth can be attributed to several factors, including increased awareness of the benefits of wellness, a growing middle class with disposable income, and government initiatives promoting wellness tourism. As the wellness economy continues to grow in MENA, it is likely that more people will invest in wellness products and services, leading to further economic growth and development.


text:
The National Accountability Bureau (NAB) on Tuesday issued orders to freeze assets owned by PML-N President Shehbaz Sharif and his sons — Hamza Shehbaz and Salman Shehbaz — in different cities, including Lahore, Chiniot, Haripur and Abbottabad, citing corruption offences.

The orders will remain in place for 15 days, during which NAB will file an application in the relevant accountability court for their confirmation.

The anti-corruption watchdog issued six orders, each listing separate properties acquired by Shehbaz, Hamza and Salman — all three of whom are nominated in corruption cases being probed by NAB.

According to the bureau, the evidence collected against the three so far had provided NAB with "reasonable grounds for believing" that Shehbaz, Salman and Hamza were involved in "offences of corruption and corrupt practices".

The cases against the father and sons are those of money laundering and assets beyond known income. According to NAB, it found that Shehbaz acquired several properties — that have now been frozen — in the name of his wives Nusrat Shehbaz and Tehmina Durrani in Lahore, Abbottabad and Haripur. Hamza and Salman also acquired several properties in Lahore and Chiniot, which have now been frozen by NAB.

Nearly all the properties highlighted in the orders issued by NAB are located in residential areas.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Corruption and Money Laundering

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concepts of corruption and money laundering, and explain how they can lead to asset freezing and other legal actions.

**Materials:** None

**Instructions:**

1. Begin by asking students if they know what corruption is. Give them a brief definition and explain that it is a form of dishonest behavior where someone in a position of power or authority abuses that power for personal gain.

2. Explain that money laundering is the process of converting illegally obtained money into legitimate funds. This is often done by criminals to hide the source of their income and avoid taxes or other legal consequences.

3. Ask students if they think these activities are common. Explain that they are and provide examples of high-profile cases like the one mentioned in the input text.

4. Discuss the legal consequences of corruption and money laundering. Include asset freezing, fines, and even imprisonment.

5. Provide a definition of asset freezing and explain how it works. Asset freezing is a legal process where a government agency, like NAB in Pakistan, seizes property or financial assets belonging to individuals or organizations suspected of corruption or other crimes.

6. Use the input text as an example and explain how NAB issued orders to freeze assets owned by PML-N President Shehbaz Sharif and his sons.

7. Ask students if they think asset freezing is an effective tool in fighting corruption. Discuss the pros and cons of this approach.

8. Conclude by explaining that corruption and money laundering are serious issues that can have negative impacts on society. Encourage students to think critically about these topics and consider ways to prevent them.

**Glossary:**
- Corruption: Dishonest behavior where someone in a position of power or authority abuses that power for personal gain.
- Money laundering: The process of converting illegally obtained money into legitimate funds.
- Asset freezing: A legal process where a government agency seizes property or financial assets belonging to individuals or organizations suspected of corruption or other crimes.

**Self-Debate Discussion:**
- Do you think asset freezing is an effective tool in fighting corruption? Why or why not?
- Can money laundering be prevented? If so, how?


text: 66 Oak Tree Lane, Irvine, California. $928,0003 Beds2+ BathsActive. $928,0003 Beds2+ BathsActive. 66 Oak Tree Lane, Irvine, California 92612 - This remodeled & Highly updated home is located in the most desirable Community of University Park. 3 bedrooms, 2.5 baths. Spacious master bedroom with high ceiling and walk-in closet plus mirrored wardrobe doors. Renovated master bathroom has 2 sinks and 2 medicine cabinets. Large living room has elegant French bay windows. Family room has a custom tiled fireplace. Glass skylight and ceiling fans. crown molding in the formal dinning room and family room. Recessed lights. Deluxe new gourmet kitchen with granite counter tops, new cabinets and a built-in wine cooler. New flooring. Double French door leading out to the lovely back yard with gate to the greenbelt. Award Winning University High School. Close to UCI, Shopping, restaurants, golf course and easy access to freeways.. Listing Courtesy of ReMax 2000 Realty

textbook:
Lesson: Real Estate Listings

Introduction:
Real estate listings are advertisements that provide information about a property for sale or rent. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand real estate listings.

Section 1: Understanding the Basics

1.1 What is a real estate listing?
A real estate listing is an advertisement that provides information about a property for sale or rent. It includes details such as the location, price, number of bedrooms and bathrooms, and other features of the property.

1.2 Why are real estate listings important?
Real estate listings are important because they provide potential buyers or renters with information about available properties. They help people find the perfect home or investment property that meets their needs and budget.

Section 2: Reading a Real Estate Listing

2.1 What information do real estate listings usually include?
Real estate listings usually include the address, price, number of bedrooms and bathrooms, square footage, lot size, and other features of the property. They may also include photos, a description of the property, and any special features or amenities.

2.2 How do you read a real estate listing?
Start by looking at the address and location of the property. Then, check the price and any special features or amenities. Look at the number of bedrooms and bathrooms to see if they meet your needs. Finally, read the description and any additional information provided.

Section 3: Understanding Real Estate Terms

3.1 What are some common real estate terms used in listings?
Some common real estate terms used in listings include:
- Address: the location of the property
- Price: the amount the seller is asking for the property
- Bedrooms: the number of bedrooms in the property
- Bathrooms: the number of bathrooms in the property
- Square footage: the size of the property in square feet
- Lot size: the size of the property's lot
- Features: any special features or amenities of the property

Glossary:
- Address: the location of the property
- Price: the amount the seller is asking for the property
- Bedrooms: the number of bedrooms in the property
- Bathrooms: the number of bathrooms in the property
- Square footage: the size of the property in square feet
- Lot size: the size of the property's lot
- Features: any special features or amenities of the property

Conclusion:
By understanding the basics of real estate listings and learning common real estate terms, you can read and interpret real estate listings effectively. This skill is valuable when searching for a new home or investment property.


text: Can I Recover Damages if I Hurt My Tailbone in a Slip and Fall Accident?. Your New Jersey or New York premises liability lawyer will evaluate your case and represent you in settlement negotiations and litigation. If someone else’s failure to exercise reasonable care resulted in your injury, then your lawyer will advocate for your financial recovery which may include compensation for unpaid medical bills, rehabilitation costs, out of pocket expenses (such as household or childcare help necessitated by your injury), lost income and pain and suffering.. For more information about how to recover damages for a tailbone injury, please contact the experience New Jersey and New York premises liability lawyers of Hofmann & Schweitzer for a free consultation by calling 1.800.362.9329.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Personal Injury Law and Recovering Damages for Tailbone Injuries
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about personal injury law and how to recover damages for tailbone injuries. We will cover the basics of premises liability, the legal process involved in seeking compensation, and the types of damages that can be recovered. By the end of this lesson, you will have a better understanding of your rights and options if you have suffered a tailbone injury due to someone else's negligence.
Section 1: Premises Liability and Tailbone Injuries
Premises liability refers to the legal obligation of property owners and occupiers to keep their premises safe for visitors. If someone is injured on another person's property due to a hazardous condition, the owner or occupier may be held liable for the injuries. Tailbone injuries, also known as coccygeal injuries, can occur when a person falls and lands on their bottom, causing damage to the coccyx bone. These injuries can be painful and debilitating, and victims may be entitled to compensation for their damages.
Section 2: Legal Process for Recovering Damages
If you have suffered a tailbone injury due to someone else's negligence, you will need to hire a personal injury lawyer to represent you in seeking compensation. Your lawyer will evaluate your case and determine whether you have a valid claim for damages. They will represent you in settlement negotiations and litigation, if necessary. If your case goes to trial, your lawyer will present evidence and argue on your behalf to demonstrate that the defendant's negligence caused your injury and that you are entitled to compensation for your damages.
Section 3: Types of Damages That Can Be Recovered
If you are successful in your personal injury claim, you may be able to recover several types of damages. These include:
1. Compensation for unpaid medical bills: You can recover the cost of medical treatment related to your tailbone injury, including doctor visits, surgeries, and physical therapy.
2. Rehabilitation costs: If your injury requires rehabilitation, such as physical therapy or occupational therapy, you can recover the cost of these services.
3. Out of pocket expenses: You can recover any expenses you incurred as a result of your injury, such as household or childcare help.
4. Lost income: If your injury prevents you from working, you can recover the wages you lost as a result.
5. Pain and suffering: You can recover compensation for the emotional and physical pain and suffering you experienced due to your injury.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, if you have suffered a tailbone injury due to someone else's negligence, you may be entitled to compensation for your damages. By understanding the basics of personal injury law and the types of damages that can be recovered, you can make an informed decision about whether to pursue a claim. If you decide to move forward with a claim, an experienced personal injury lawyer can help you navigate the legal process and advocate for your rights.


text:
The Scottish Labour Party is not the only headache for Ed Miliband this morning. The Telegraph’s front page doesn’t make for the best reading either, running with the news that Tony Blair predicts a Tory victory next year:

However, the story is not all it seems. The only quote The Telegraph supplies is from an anonymous source who claims that the former Labour PM made the prediction in a private meeting with them:

“The Conservatives will be the next government because Labour has failed to make a good case for itself. That is what Tony thinks. He does not think that Miliband can beat Cameron.”

Not quite so, according to Tony Blair’s office. Possibly trying to quash the story by refusing to give it much oxygen, his office simply confirmed that Blair believes Labour “can indeed win”.

To make these two quotes into a front page splash feels like a bit of a stretch, and the story seems to say more about the views of the anonymous source and The Telegraph’s editorial stance than Blair’s own opinions. His alleged prediction is certainly a far cry from Blair’s own rule that “progressives should be optimists” that he made in a speech earlier this year.

LabourList understands that Blair is willing to publicly campaign for the Labour Party in the coming months, but has so far not been approached by the central Party. If there are no advances forthcoming from Brewers’ Green, he will campaign on a more local scale with friendly MPs and candidates.

Ultimately, while this is not the kind of front page Miliband would like to see, he probably recognises that this story is a bit light on substance and there are more pressing concerns today.

UPDATE: “Ed Miliband and the Labour Party can and will win the next election.” Pretty unequivocal.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Analyze News Articles

Introduction:
In today's fast-paced world, being able to read and analyze news articles is an essential skill. This lesson will teach you how to read news articles critically, identify the main points, and understand the author's message. We will cover three sections: Reading Strategies, Analyzing the Article, and Applying the Skill.

Section 1: Reading Strategies

1.1. Preview the Article: Before reading the article, take a moment to preview it. Look at the headline, picture, and any captions or summaries. This will give you an idea of what the article is about and help you focus on the main points while reading.

1.2. Read Actively: As you read, ask yourself questions about the article. What is the author's main point? What evidence do they provide to support their argument? Are there any counterarguments or contradictions? By actively engaging with the article, you will better understand its message.

1.3. Take Notes: As you read, take notes on the main points, arguments, and evidence presented in the article. This will help you remember the key ideas and allow you to analyze them later.

Section 2: Analyzing the Article

2.1. Identify the Main Point: Determine the central message of the article. Is it to inform, persuade, or entertain? What is the author's main argument or point of view?

2.2. Examine the Evidence: Look for evidence that supports the author's argument. This may include facts, statistics, quotes from experts, or personal experiences. Evaluate the quality and relevance of the evidence presented.

2.3. Consider the Author's Bias: Every article has a point of view. Identify the author's perspective and consider how it may influence the presentation of information. Are there any gaps or omissions in the article that could affect your understanding of the issue?

2.4. Analyze the Structure: Examine the way the article is organized. Does it follow a logical structure? Are the paragraphs and sentences well-organized? How does the introduction and conclusion relate to the body of the article?

Section 3: Applying the Skill

3.1. Apply the Skill to Other Articles: Once you have practiced analyzing one article, apply the same strategies to other articles on the same topic or related issues. This will help you develop a deeper understanding of the subject matter.

3.2. Share Your Analysis: Discuss your analysis of the article with others. Explain your understanding of the main points, evidence, and author's perspective. This will help you clarify your thoughts and improve your communication skills.

3.3. Use the Skill in Real Life: Apply the skills you have learned to analyze news articles in your everyday life. This will help you become a more informed and critical consumer of media.

Conclusion:
By following these steps, you will be able to read and analyze news articles effectively. Remember to actively engage with the article, take notes, and consider the author's perspective. With practice, you will develop the ability to read critically and understand the message behind the words.


text: part online (self pace) and part classroom.. Because this course results in 36 (CE) credit hours, each day will consist of a full day of classroom time – breaks will be offered, but will not form part of the class hours.. In order to pass, students will need to demonstrate, successfully, IV insertions and: $285.00

textbook:
Lesson: How to calculate the total cost of a course

### Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn how to calculate the total cost of a course. We will use the information provided in the input to calculate the total cost of the course.

### Section 2: Theory
To calculate the total cost of a course, we need to know the number of credit hours and the cost per credit hour. In this case, the course is worth 36 CE credit hours and costs $285 per credit hour.

Total cost = Number of credit hours × Cost per credit hour
Total cost = 36 CE × $285/credit hour

Total cost = $10,020

### Section 3: Practice
1. Calculate the total cost of a course that is worth 48 credit hours and costs $350 per credit hour.

Total cost = 48 CE × $350/credit hour
Total cost = $16,200

2. Calculate the total cost of a course that is worth 24 credit hours and costs $400 per credit hour.

Total cost = 24 CE × $400/credit hour
Total cost = $9,600

3. Calculate the total cost of a course that is worth 18 credit hours and costs $500 per credit hour.

Total cost = 18 CE × $500/credit hour
Total cost = $9,000

### Section 4: Conclusion
In conclusion, we have learned how to calculate the total cost of a course by multiplying the number of credit hours by the cost per credit hour. We have also practiced calculating the total cost of courses with different numbers of credit hours and different costs per credit hour. This skill is useful for anyone who needs to calculate the total cost of a course, such as students, parents, or educators.


text: Austrians will invest in Kavadarci in railway sleepers and electrical equipment, announced late today Aleksandar Panov, mayor of Kavadarci.. The plant will be the only one of its kind in SE Europe.. - The plant will serve the wider region. This is an Austrian investment that will employ about 300 people. The plant will be located in the industrial zone near “IGM” and “Kabranov packaging.” This is one more investment in a series of investments that come to our town and I am happy that Kavadarci’s citizens will have the opportunities to find more employment, said Panov.. The Mayor referred to the large number of employements expected in the municipality of Kavadarci, thanks to a few other foreign investments. Some of the employments have already been realized.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Investments

**Overview**: In this lesson, we will learn about investments and their importance in the economy. We will cover the basics of investing, including what it means to invest, why people invest, and the different types of investments. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of investments and how they work.

**Section 1: What is Investing?**

Investing refers to putting money into something with the expectation of earning a profit or gain. This could be in the form of stocks, bonds, real estate, or any other asset that has the potential to increase in value over time. Investing is a way to grow your wealth and achieve financial goals, such as saving for retirement or buying a house.

**Section 2: Why do People Invest?**

There are several reasons why people invest. One of the main reasons is to grow their wealth. By investing in assets that appreciate in value over time, individuals can build their net worth and achieve financial security. Another reason people invest is to generate income. Some investments, like dividend-paying stocks or rental properties, provide regular payments to investors. Finally, investing can also help individuals save for specific goals, such as college tuition or a down payment on a house.

**Section 3: Types of Investments**

There are many different types of investments available, each with its own set of risks and rewards. Some common types of investments include:

- Stocks: Shares in a publicly traded company that can be bought and sold through stock exchanges. Stock prices can fluctuate widely, but they have the potential for high returns.
- Bonds: A loan made to a government or corporation, usually with a fixed interest rate and a specified repayment schedule. Bonds are generally considered safer investments than stocks, but they typically offer lower returns.
- Real Estate: Property that can be bought, sold, or rented out for profit. Real estate can be a lucrative investment, but it also requires a significant amount of management and maintenance.
- Mutual Funds: A pooled investment vehicle that invests in a diversified portfolio of stocks, bonds, and other assets. Mutual funds offer diversification and professional management, but their returns can vary greatly.

**Section 4: Practical Examples**

Let's say you decide to invest in Apple Inc., a well-known technology company. You buy 100 shares of Apple stock at $200 per share. Over the next year, the stock price increases to $300 per share. You sell your shares for a profit of $100 per share, resulting in a total profit of $10,000 (100 x $100).

Alternatively, you could invest in a rental property. You purchase a house for $200,000 and rent it out for $1,000 per month. After accounting for expenses like mortgage payments, insurance, and maintenance, you net $800 per month in profit. Over the course of five years, you earn a total profit of $576,000 ($800 x 12 x 5).

**Section 5: Self-Debating Discussion**

Is investing riskier than saving? Explain your reasoning.

**Glossary**

- Investment: An asset or item purchased with the expectation of generating income or appreciation in value.
- Diversification: The process of spreading investments across different asset classes to reduce risk.
- Interest: The amount of money paid by a borrower to a lender for the use of the lender's money.

**Conclusion**

Investing can be a powerful tool for building wealth and achieving financial goals. By understanding the different types of investments and their risks and rewards, individuals can make informed decisions about where to put their money. Whether you're investing in stocks, bonds, real estate, or mutual funds, the key is to have a well-diversified portfolio that aligns with your risk tolerance and financial goals.


text: The PGA EuroPro Tour is delighted to announce the launch of Monday Qualifiers in a historic move for both the Tour and European Golf ahead of the beginning of the 2021 season... Tour CEO Dan Godding said: “I’m absolutely delighted to be able to offer Monday Qualifiers on the PGA EuroPro Tour. This is a move inspired by the PGA Tour & Korn Ferry Tour who offer players a chance to qualify on a Monday and compete at the highest level.”. I feel it is important, especially in these times, to give the opportunity to those who are exceptional to play on and compete on Europe’s finest developmental tour.”. The Tour’s aim is that every regular tournament in the season will have a Monday Qualifier starting from Donnington Grove, subject to any local COVID-19 restrictions and tournament logistics.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Opportunity in Golf

Introduction:
Golf is a sport that requires skill, patience, and dedication. It is also a sport that offers opportunities for players to showcase their talents and compete at the highest level. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of opportunity in golf and how it can lead to success.

Section 1: Understanding Opportunity in Golf

Topic 1: What is an Opportunity in Golf?
An opportunity in golf refers to a chance for a player to compete in a tournament or event where they can showcase their skills and potentially win.

Topic 2: Why is Opportunity Important in Golf?
Opportunity is important in golf because it provides a platform for players to develop their skills, gain experience, and potentially earn a living playing the game they love. Without opportunity, many talented players may never be discovered, and their skills may go unused.

Topic 3: How Can Players Create Opportunities for Themselves?
Players can create opportunities for themselves by practicing regularly, entering tournaments, and networking with others in the golf community. Additionally, players can seek out coaches and mentors who can help them improve their skills and guide them towards opportunities.

Section 2: The PGA EuroPro Tour and Opportunity

Topic 1: What is the PGA EuroPro Tour?
The PGA EuroPro Tour is a developmental tour for professional golfers in Europe. It provides an opportunity for players to compete at a high level and earn points towards the Challenge Tour, which is the main developmental tour for the European Tour.

Topic 2: How Does the PGA EuroPro Tour Provide Opportunity?
The PGA EuroPro Tour provides opportunity by hosting regular tournaments throughout the season. These tournaments offer prize money, valuable experience, and points towards the Challenge Tour. Additionally, the Tour has recently introduced Monday Qualifiers, which provide an additional opportunity for players to compete and potentially earn a spot in a tournament.

Topic 3: The Importance of Monday Qualifiers
Monday Qualifiers are an important addition to the PGA EuroPro Tour because they provide an extra opportunity for players to compete and showcase their skills. This opportunity is particularly important during times when traditional qualifying methods may be limited due to COVID-19 restrictions or other factors.

Section 3: Applying Skills and Opportunity to Real-World Scenarios

Topic 1: How Can Players Use Opportunity to Their Advantage?
Players can use opportunity to their advantage by consistently seeking out new tournaments and events to compete in. Additionally, players can network with others in the golf community to learn about potential opportunities and gain exposure.

Topic 2: How Can Players Prepare for Opportunity?
Players can prepare for opportunity by practicing regularly, seeking out coaching and mentorship, and studying successful golfers to learn from their strategies and approaches. Additionally, players can work on their mental game to better handle pressure and perform under pressure.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, opportunity is a crucial component of success in golf. By understanding the importance of opportunity and actively seeking it out, players can develop their skills, gain experience, and potentially earn a living playing the game they love. The PGA EuroPro Tour serves as a prime example of how opportunity can lead to success, and players can use this as inspiration to pursue their own opportunities in golf.

Glossary:
- Opportunity: A chance to compete in a tournament or event where players can showcase their skills and potentially win.
- Developmental Tour: A tour that serves as a stepping stone towards the main professional tour, providing players with experience and points towards qualification.
- Networking: Building connections with others in the golf community to learn about potential opportunities and gain exposure.


text: Regular price $55.00. This necklace is a tiny mountain scape in the style of a bar necklace - perfect for everyday wear.. Sterling silver.. Bar piece measures just under an inch.. About the Maker: Kayla's work is inspired by her upbringing in the forests of the Pacific Northwest. From a young age she remembers the moss between her toes, catching salamanders, collecting foliage, skipping around streams, and chasing frogs. She is a member of the Tlingit tribe of southeast Alaska and her Tlingit name is Cháatl du tláa, meaning "Mother of the Halibut". She currently creates her work in Huntingtown, MD, but plans to return to the Pacific Northwest soon.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Cryptocurrency

## Section 1: What is Cryptocurrency?
Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual form of currency that uses cryptography for security. It operates on a decentralized network called blockchain, which is a distributed ledger that records all transactions.

## Section 2: How does Cryptocurrency work?
Cryptocurrency works by using a peer-to-peer network to verify and record transactions. This means that users can send and receive money without the need for a central authority like a bank. The network uses complex algorithms to ensure that transactions are secure and accurate.

## Section 3: Why use Cryptocurrency?
Cryptocurrency offers several advantages over traditional forms of payment. For example, it is fast, secure, and anonymous. Users can also avoid high transaction fees and exchange rates. Additionally, cryptocurrency can be used to purchase goods and services online or in physical stores that accept it.

## Section 4: Types of Cryptocurrency
There are many types of cryptocurrency, with Bitcoin being the most popular. Other examples include Ethereum, Litecoin, and Ripple. Each has its own unique features and benefits.

## Section 5: Conclusion
Understanding cryptocurrency can be helpful for anyone who wants to participate in the growing digital economy. By learning about its history, how it works, and its potential benefits, you can make informed decisions about whether it is right for you.


text: LONDON--AstraZeneca PLC (AZN.LN) said Tuesday the European Union has approved its Qtern tablets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in all 28 EU member countries and Iceland, Lichtenstein and Norway.. "Nearly half of all people with type 2 diabetes are unable to reach their treatment goal and so risk developing complications due to hyperglycaemia, said Elisabeth Bjork, vice president, head of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, global medicines development at AstraZeneca.. "Qtern is the first combination product of its kind approved in Europe and an important new treatment option to help patients reach their goals through powerful HbA1c reduction," she added.. At 1318 GMT, AstraZeneca's shares were up 7 pence, or 0.2%, at 4,536 pence, valuing the company at GBP57.4 billion ($76 billion).. Write to Rory Gallivan at rory.gallivan@wsj.com; Twitter: @RoryGallivan

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Pharmaceutical Companies and their Products

**Objective:** Understand the role of pharmaceutical companies in producing medications for various health conditions, including diabetes.

**Overview:** In this lesson, we will learn about AstraZeneca, a pharmaceutical company that produces medications for various health conditions. We will focus on their product, Qtern, which is used to treat type 2 diabetes.

**Section 1: The Role of Pharmaceutical Companies**

Pharmaceutical companies are responsible for researching, developing, and producing medications that can help treat various health conditions. These companies invest significant resources into research and development to create new drugs that can improve human health.

**Section 2: AstraZeneca and Qtern**

AstraZeneca is a pharmaceutical company that produces Qtern, a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. Qtern is a combination of two drugs, saxagliptin and dapagliflozin, which work together to lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes.

**Section 3: The Importance of Qtern**

Qtern is an important new treatment option for people with type 2 diabetes because it can help them achieve better blood sugar control, which can reduce the risk of complications associated with hyperglycemia.

**Section 4: Critical Thinking**

Why is it important for pharmaceutical companies to continue investing in research and development? How might the approval of Qtern by the European Union affect people with type 2 diabetes around the world?

**Conclusion:** This lesson has provided an overview of the role of pharmaceutical companies in producing medications and introduced AstraZeneca as an example of such a company. We learned about their product, Qtern, and its importance in treating type 2 diabetes. By engaging in critical thinking, we can better understand the impact of this medication on people with diabetes and the potential benefits of continued research and development in the pharmaceutical industry.

**Glossary:**
- Pharmaceutical company: A company that researches, develops, and produces medications
- Medication: A drug used to treat a specific medical condition
- Type 2 diabetes: A condition in which the body does not produce enough insulin or cannot use insulin efficiently
- Hyperglycemia: High blood sugar levels
- Research and development: The process of discovering and developing new medications
- Combination product: A medication that combines two or more drugs to treat a specific condition


text: Today Monday, 29th of August of 2016, the sun rose in St-Romuald at 6:03 am and sunset will be at 7:28 pm. In the high tide and low tide chart, we can see that the first high tide was at 4:30 am and the next high tide will be at 5:00 pm. The first low tide was at 11:40 am and the next low tide will be at 11:50 pm.. Today we have 13 hours and 25 minutes of sun. The solar transit was at 12:45 St-Romuald which is of 5.7 m and a minimum height of -0.5 m.. The following graph shows the progression of the tidal coefficient in the month of August of 2016.These values give us a rough idea of the tidal amplitude in St-Romuald, forecast in August.. Large coefficients indicate important high and low tides; major currents and movements usually take place on the sea bed. But bear in mind that this tidal amplitude may be greatly affected by the weather.. The moon rose in the northeast (65º) at 3:02 am and will set in the northwest (293º) at

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Tides and Their Effects on the Environment

Introduction:
Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun on Earth's oceans. They play an essential role in our planet's ecosystem and affect marine life, coastal communities, and weather patterns. In this lesson, we will learn about tides, their characteristics, and their impact on the environment.

Section 1: What are Tides?

Topic 1: Definition of Tides
- Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun on Earth's oceans.

Topic 2: Types of Tides
- Spring Tides: Occur during the new moon and full moon phases when the sun, moon, and Earth align, causing higher high tides and lower low tides.
- Neap Tides: Occur during the first and third quarters of the moon when the sun and moon are at right angles to each other, causing lower high tides and higher low tides.

Section 2: Characteristics of Tides

Topic 1: Tidal Range
- The difference in height between high tide and low tide.
- It varies depending on the shape and size of the coastline, ocean depth, and distance from the equator.

Topic 2: Tidal Currents
- The flow of water caused by the movement of tides.
- They can be fast or slow, shallow or deep, and can affect marine life and coastal communities.

Section 3: Impact of Tides on the Environment

Topic 1: Marine Life
- Tides influence the distribution and behavior of marine organisms, such as fish, plankton, and seabirds.
- They create habitats like mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrass beds that support diverse ecosystems.

Topic 2: Coastal Communities
- Tides affect human activities like fishing, agriculture, transportation, and tourism.
- They can cause erosion, flooding, and storm surges that damage infrastructure and property.

Topic 3: Weather Patterns
- Tides can influence atmospheric pressure, wind patterns, and precipitation.
- They can create phenomena like tidal waves, storm surges, and tsunamis that can cause significant damage.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding tides and their characteristics is crucial for predicting their effects on the environment. By studying tides, we can better prepare for natural disasters, manage coastal resources sustainably, and protect marine ecosystems.

Glossary:
- Tidal Range: The difference in height between high tide and low tide.
- Tidal Current: The flow of water caused by the movement of tides.
- Spring Tides: Occur during the new moon and full moon phases when the sun, moon, and Earth align, causing higher high tides and lower low tides.
- Neap Tides: Occur during the first and third quarters of the moon when the sun and moon are at right angles to each other, causing lower high tides and higher low tides.
- Tidal Wave: A large wave caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun on Earth's oceans.
- Storm Surge: An abnormal rise in sea level accompanying a storm, resulting in flooding of the coast.
- Tsunami: A series of ocean waves produced by an abrupt displacement of large volumes of water, typically caused by an earthquake or volcanic eruption.