text:
EA showed off some Battlefront II footage at today, and it looks awesome. PC players will have to go through Origin for the new game. According to EA boss Andrew Wilson, the developers considered all "constructive" criticism players had for the first game. The first title simply didn't have a wealth of weaponry or locations, and while the actual mechanics of the online competitive modes were extremely solid, the game lacked an real feeling of progression and accomplishment. "Our live service is built around the philosophy of keeping our fans playing together, with seasons that will add meaningful content and in game events on a regular basis". The match will utilize a prequel-era map and feature 40 of the biggest YouTube influencers in the world, including StoneMountain64.

However, a safer bet is that fans get an even better glimpse at the companies two new Star Wars games, likely coming to PS4, Xbox One and Xbox Scorpio in 2018. Gavankar, who plays the single-player campaign's main character Iden Versio, was also joined by Finn himself - actor John Boyega - who pre-recorded his portion of the presentation from London.

Not only has EA updated its website to reveal playable N-1 Starfighters and four additional heroes, the videogame developer has also released a teaser photo of one of Battlefront II's maps.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Analyze and Compare Video Games

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to analyze and compare video games. We will start by understanding the basics of video games, such as their history, genres, and mechanics. Then, we will explore different ways to compare and analyze video games, including their graphics, sound, gameplay, and story. Finally, we will apply these skills to a real-world scenario by comparing two popular video games.

I. Understanding Video Games
A. History of Video Games
Video games have been around since the 1970s. They have evolved from simple games like Pong to complex, immersive experiences like those found in modern consoles and computers.

B. Genres of Video Games
Video games can be classified into different genres based on their gameplay and mechanics. Some popular genres include action, adventure, role-playing, strategy, simulation, and sports.

C. Mechanics of Video Games
Mechanics refer to the rules and systems that govern how a video game works. These can include things like movement, combat, puzzle-solving, and more.

II. Analyzing and Comparing Video Games
A. Graphics
Graphics refer to the visuals in a video game. This includes things like the art style, character models, environments, and effects. To analyze and compare graphics, we can look at factors like texture quality, lighting, color palette, and animation.

B. Sound
Sound refers to the audio in a video game. This includes things like music, sound effects, and voice acting. To analyze and compare sound, we can look at factors like composition, originality, quality, and immersion.

C. Gameplay
Gameplay refers to the actual playing experience of a video game. This includes things like controls, mechanics, challenge, and pacing. To analyze and compare gameplay, we can look at factors like accessibility, depth, variety, and balance.

D. Story
Story refers to the narrative in a video game. This includes things like characters, plot, themes, and dialogue. To analyze and compare story, we can look at factors like originality, coherence, pacing, and impact.

III. Real-World Scenario: Comparing Two Popular Video Games
Let's compare two popular first-person shooter video games: Call of Duty: Modern Warfare and Battlefield V.

A. Graphics
Modern Warfare uses a more realistic art style with high-quality textures and detailed models. Battlefield V uses a more stylized art style with bright colors and exaggerated details. Both games have excellent lighting and effects, but Modern Warfare may have a slight edge in overall graphics quality.

B. Sound
Both games have excellent sound design, with immersive sound effects and a good mix of music and voice acting. However, Battlefield V may have a slight edge in sound quality due to its more dynamic and varied soundtrack.

C. Gameplay
Both games offer a smooth and responsive gameplay experience with intuitive controls and a variety of weapons and maps. However, Modern Warfare may have a slight edge in gameplay depth due to its more complex mechanics and customization options.

D. Story
Battlefield V has a more engaging and impactful story, with a well-developed cast of characters and a compelling narrative. Modern Warfare, on the other hand, focuses more on multiplayer and cooperative gameplay, with a shorter and more straightforward campaign.

Conclusion:
By analyzing and comparing video games, we can gain a deeper understanding of their strengths and weaknesses. This skill can be applied to any type of video game, helping us make informed decisions about which games to play and enjoy.


text:
Leading the forefront of large independent electronic music labels, Monstercat’s success has been astronomical over the past few years. Such success, over such little time, would lead one to wonder: is all this success as pure and innocent as they make it out to be? (I don’t think so).

Monstercat’s use of satanic imagery is apparent throughout all social media platforms.

Monstercat’s obsession with the number of the beast, 666, is one of the first things that stands out.

In this screenshot of their Youtube channel, we see 6 channel tabs, a 6 pointed star, and 6 divisions in the circle surrounding their logo.

If we look even closer at the logo, we see how much the mascot truly resembles the beast himself.

The Monstercat logo has 2 horns, 2 gesturing arms, and, most notably, an extremely exaggerated penis. There is simply no way that some regular cat would have a cock this large and flowing. Although it is not seen, we can imagine the head of this Monster-dick if you will, takes up about 10% the length of the shaft, give or take a little. We have no idea for sure how large the Monstercat would be in real life, but we can imagine, based on his schlong size alone, that he is at least 20 feet tall, his rod at least 10 feet long.

One of the most shocking pieces of evidence pointing towards Monstercat’s satanic affiliation are the constant cult gatherings. Monstercat cult gatherings began years ago as small, 3-person gatherings like the one pictured.

Soon, they grew more and more dangerous and twisted, like this several-hundred person gathering earlier in 2015. Take note of the phallic lights in the audience, as they bare a striking resemblance to Satan’s, and notably, the Monstercat’s, gigantic male thumper.

Along with physical examples of Satanism in Monstercat, we must not ignore the evidence within the “artists'” names alone.

For example, Hellberg’s name bares an extremely striking resemblance to the home of Satan himself. Along with that, the two letter ‘L’s in his name obviously represent Lucifer’s elusive second penis. They resemble, respectively, his yogurt gun and his trouser snake.

Two Monstercat “artists”, Direct and Labisch, have released a song together, titled “Better World”. We cannot help but think that this “better world” is referring to Hell itself where Satan lies, stroking his large, 10 foot long tassle.

Draper, another Monstercat “artist”, likes to drape his luscious, long, girthy, home-grown sweaty thunderbird 3 over unwilling victims.

We arrive lastly, on the most notable example of Satanism within the labyrinth that is Monstercat. Tristam, the Canadian embodiment of Satan himself, is considered by many to be the leader of the pack. Sporting a 50 foot lap hog, Tristam’s cryptic messages lead us to believe that he is the true leader of the Monstercat cult.

We cannot help but think that the post pictured below is in reference to Tristam’s escape from hell in 1992, using his wet, steamy meat-ladder to climb from the depths of hell.

Now that Tristam has made it up from the depths of Hell, his massive tubesteak unleashed on the Earth, nobody is safe/

Monstercat must be stopped.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Music Labels and Satanic Symbolism

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of music labels and their use of satanic symbolism.

**Grade Level:** Primary - High School

**Duration:** 45 minutes

**Materials:** None

**Introduction:** In this lesson, we will explore the world of music labels and their use of satanic symbolism. We will learn about the importance of understanding the meaning behind symbols and how they can influence our perception of something.

**Section 1: Understanding Music Labels**

**Topic 1: What are Music Labels?**

Music labels are companies that produce, distribute, and promote music recordings and videos. They play a crucial role in the music industry by helping artists create, market, and sell their music.

**Topic 2: Examples of Music Labels**

There are many popular music labels, including Sony Music, Universal Music Group, and Warner Music Group. These labels have signed famous artists such as Beyonce, Taylor Swift, and Justin Bieber.

**Section 2: Satanic Symbolism in Music Labels**

**Topic 1: Monstercat**

Monstercat is an independent electronic music label that has experienced significant success in recent years. However, there are concerns about their use of satanic imagery and symbols.

**Topic 2: Use of 666**

Monstercat's obsession with the number of the beast, 666, is apparent in their social media platforms. They use the number in various ways, including channel tabs and the arrangement of their logo.

**Topic 3: Monstercat Logo**

The Monstercat logo features a creature with two horns, two gesturing arms, and an exaggerated penis. This creature resembles the beast described in the Bible, making some people question the label's intentions.

**Section 3: Understanding Symbolism**

**Topic 1: Importance of Understanding Symbols**

Symbols can convey complex ideas and emotions, making them powerful tools for communication. However, to understand the message behind a symbol, we must first understand its meaning.

**Topic 2: Analysis of Monstercat's Symbolism**

Monstercat's use of satanic imagery and symbols raises questions about their intentions. Some people believe that the label promotes evil or ungodly values, while others argue that they are simply using symbols to create a unique brand identity.

**Conclusion:** In this lesson, we explored the concept of music labels and their use of satanic symbolism. We learned about the importance of understanding the meaning behind symbols and how they can influence our perception of something. By analyzing Monstercat's use of satanic imagery and symbols, we can see the power of symbols in communication and the importance of understanding their meaning.


text:
Discovery of MK-0952, a selective PDE4 inhibitor for the treatment of long-term memory loss and mild cognitive impairment.
The structure-activity relationship of a novel series of 8-biarylnaphthyridinones acting as type 4 phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitors for the treatment of long-term memory loss and mild cognitive impairment is described herein. The manuscript describes a new paradigm for the development of PDE4 inhibitor targeting CNS indications. This effort led to the discovery of the clinical candidate MK-0952, an intrinsically potent inhibitor (IC(50)=0.6 nM) displaying limited whole blood activity (IC(50)=555 nM). Supporting in vivo results in two preclinical efficacy tests and one test assessing adverse effects are also reported. The comparative profiles of MK-0952 and two other Merck compounds are described to validate the proposed hypothesis.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Drug Discovery and Development

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
In this lesson, we will learn about the process of drug discovery and development, with a focus on the discovery of MK-0952, a potential treatment for long-term memory loss and mild cognitive impairment. We will cover the following topics:

1. What is drug discovery?
2. What is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor?
3. Why is it important to develop a selective PDE4 inhibitor for the treatment of long-term memory loss and mild cognitive impairment?

### Section 2: Practical Examples
Let's consider a scenario where a person has been diagnosed with long-term memory loss and mild cognitive impairment. Their doctor prescribes them MK-0952, a newly discovered drug that acts as a PDE4 inhibitor. How does this drug work to improve their condition?

1. How does MK-0952 interact with the brain to improve memory and cognitive function?
2. What are some potential side effects of taking MK-0952?
3. How does the dosage of MK-0952 affect its efficacy in treating memory loss and cognitive impairment?

### Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Now let's imagine that MK-0952 has been approved by the FDA and is available for prescription. How might this drug be used in the real world?

1. In what situations might a doctor prescribe MK-0952 to patients with long-term memory loss and mild cognitive impairment?
2. How does the cost of MK-0952 compare to other treatments for memory loss and cognitive impairment?
3. How might the widespread use of MK-0952 affect society as a whole?

### Glossary
Here are some key terms related to drug discovery and development:

- Drug discovery: The process of finding new drugs and therapies that can treat diseases and medical conditions.
- Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4): An enzyme that breaks down cyclic AMP, a molecule involved in cell signaling and communication.
- Selective PDE4 inhibitor: A drug that specifically targets and inhibits PDE4, without affecting other enzymes.
- Long-term memory loss: The gradual decline in memory function over time, often associated with aging or neurodegenerative diseases.
- Mild cognitive impairment: A condition characterized by slight deficits in cognitive function, such as memory, attention, and problem-solving.

### Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about the process of drug discovery and development, with a focus on the discovery of MK-0952, a potential treatment for long-term memory loss and mild cognitive impairment. We covered theoretical concepts, practical examples, and real-world scenarios to understand the importance of developing selective PDE4 inhibitors like MK-0952. By applying the skills gained from this topic, we can think critically and solve problems related to drug discovery and development.


text: In a shock to many, Hong Kong has been named the world's most livable city, edging out the likes of Vancouver for the top spot. You can read it for yourself here.. I can't say that I've been to every great city in the world (I'm a few thousand short) but I'm glad to see my favorite getting the recognition it deserves. With kilometers of natural parks, get transportation, and one of the politest cultures in the world, there can be no doubt that Hong Kong deserves its place at the top!. Way to go Hong Kong!!!. 1 comment:. great... i know that Hong Kong was judged the most liveable city, followed by Amsterdam, Osaka and Paris, after additional criteria including urban sprawl... :)

source: refinedweb

textbook:
**Lesson: How to Read and Understand News Articles**

**Introduction**: Reading news articles is an essential skill that helps us stay informed about current events and issues. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand news articles like "Hong Kong named world's most livable city."

**Section 1: Reading Strategies**:

- Start by reading the title and introduction of the article to understand the main idea.
- Look for headings, subheadings, and bullet points to identify the main topics discussed in the article.
- Skim through the article to get an overview of the content before reading it in detail.
- Pay attention to the author's tone and language to understand their perspective on the issue.
- Identify any quotes or statistics that support the main idea of the article.

**Section 2: Understanding Key Concepts**:

- What is the definition of a "livable city"?
- How does Hong Kong compare to other cities in terms of livability?
- What are the criteria used to determine the world's most livable city?
- What are some examples of natural parks, transportation, and culture in Hong Kong that contribute to its livability?

**Section 3: Critical Thinking**:

- Is there any controversy or debate surrounding Hong Kong's ranking as the world's most livable city?
- How might the criteria used to determine livability vary depending on cultural, economic, or political factors?
- Could other cities be considered more livable than Hong Kong based on different criteria?

**Glossary**:
- Livable city: A city that provides its residents with a good quality of life, including access to basic needs such as housing, healthcare, education, and transportation.
- Urban sprawl: The unplanned and uncoordinated growth of cities, often characterized by low-density residential development, traffic congestion, and environmental degradation.

**Conclusion**: By following these strategies and engaging in critical thinking, we can better understand news articles like "Hong Kong named world's most livable city." This skill will help us stay informed about current events and issues and apply our knowledge to new situations.


text: Ok, so these kicks might not be for everybody, but you can’t say that they’re not interesting. This women’s Aero Flight High LE will certainly attract attention on your feet. The shoe features a multi-colored suede/leather upper with sections of light blue and white covering the largest areas. Joining the blue/white base is a light yellow Swoosh, red outline accents and some touches of black on the eyelet panel and the heel of the midsole. As if there wasn’t enough going on, this Aero Flight High also sports some white polka-dots on the mid-foot strap, helping to give the shoe an even more outrageous look. Ladies, if you think you’ve got what it takes to pull these off, you can pre-order a pair now on eBay.. Color: Light Blue/White/Red. Style: 365965-171. Filed under: eBay Just Released Lifestyle Sneakers WMNS

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Multiplicity in Shoe Design

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
In the world of shoe design, multiplicity refers to the use of multiple colors, patterns, and materials in a single shoe design. This creates a unique and eye-catching look that can attract attention and make a statement. Multiplicity is often seen in high-fashion and limited-edition shoes, but it can also be incorporated into everyday styles.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
A practical example of multiplicity in shoe design can be seen in the women's Aero Flight High LE. This shoe features a multi-colored upper with sections of light blue, white, and yellow, as well as touches of red and black. The use of different colors and materials creates a vibrant and interesting look that is sure to turn heads.

Another example of multiplicity in shoe design can be found in the Adidas Originals Superstar sneaker. This shoe features a mix of different materials, including leather, suede, and canvas, as well as multiple colors such as black, white, and red. The combination of these elements creates a classic and timeless design that is popular among fashion enthusiasts.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Multiplicity in shoe design can be incorporated into everyday styles as well. For example, a pair of black and white sneakers can be updated with the addition of bright color pops, such as red or yellow laces, or a patterned tongue. This adds interest and personality to a simple shoe design without straying too far from a classic and versatile look.

## Glossary
- Multiplicity: The use of multiple colors, patterns, and materials in a single shoe design.
- Limited-edition: A shoe design that is produced in a small quantity and is only available for a short period of time.
- Timeless: A design that remains fashionable and relevant over a long period of time.

## Conclusion
Incorporating multiplicity into shoe design is a great way to add personality and interest to a simple style. By experimenting with different colors, patterns, and materials, shoe designers can create unique and eye-catching looks that are sure to turn heads. Whether you're looking for a limited-edition pair or just want to update your everyday style, multiplicity is a great way to express your individuality and creativity.


text: A classic kitchen with an eye catching island that draws you in with the warmth of solid Jarrah timber and an intriguing feature of corrugated iron ‘mini orb’ profile in the Zincalume finish. The soft white cupboards with warm white downlights add a gentle contrast to the Caesarstone Wild Rocks benchtops. Traditional style has been achieved, however modern innovation is used throughout with Blum soft close doors, deluxe Lazy Susan, under sink soft close bin and tea towel rail.. Walker.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Kitchen Design

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Kitchen design involves the planning and layout of the different elements in a kitchen to make it functional, efficient, and aesthetically pleasing. In this lesson, we will explore the different aspects of kitchen design, including the materials used, the layout, and the overall design principles.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's consider a kitchen design scenario. Suppose you are redesigning a small kitchen in a city apartment. You want to maximize the space and make it functional for the homeowners. You decide to use a combination of materials, such as wood and steel, to create an industrial-chic look. You also decide to use a U-shaped layout to maximize the space and add a breakfast bar for additional seating.

To implement this design, you choose a warm beige color for the cabinets, contrasting with the black steel countertop. You also add a large window to let in natural light and a statement light fixture above the island to add visual interest.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

Now let's consider a real-world scenario. You are a professional kitchen designer, and you have been tasked with designing a new kitchen for a client. The client wants a modern, minimalist look, but they also want to incorporate some traditional elements.

To achieve this look, you decide to use a monochromatic color scheme, with white cabinets and stainless steel appliances. You also add a statement backsplash in a subtle herringbone pattern to add texture and visual interest. To incorporate traditional elements, you choose a classic farmhouse sink and a vintage-style range hood.

## Glossary
- Kitchen design: The process of planning and arranging the different elements in a kitchen to make it functional, efficient, and aesthetically pleasing.
- Materials: The different components used in kitchen design, such as wood, steel, and glass.
- Layout: The arrangement of furniture and appliances in a kitchen.
- Industrial-chic: A design style that combines elements of industrial design with a rustic, vintage feel.
- U-shaped layout: A kitchen layout that forms a U-shape, with cabinets and appliances surrounding the perimeter of the room.
- Breakfast bar: A raised counter or bar that can be used for dining or preparing food.
- Statement light fixture: A decorative light fixture that adds visual interest to a room.
- Monochromatic: A color scheme that uses a single color or shades of a single color.
- Backsplash: A decorative panel that covers the area behind a sink or stove.
- Farmhouse sink: A type of sink that has a traditional, rustic design.
- Range hood: A ventilation system that is designed to remove cooking odors and smoke from a kitchen.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we explored the different aspects of kitchen design, from materials and layout to real-world scenarios. We also defined key terms and provided practical examples to help students understand the concepts. By applying these principles, students can design functional, efficient, and aesthetically pleasing kitchens that meet the needs of their clients.


text: /2014)/2014)/2014). I first bought this because we were making a large quantity of flax pancake mix and I wanted it to only require water. Went over so well that I always keep a can in the pantry.Review by Brent Richey (Posted on 3/24/2014)/2014)/2014). We love these eggs! Great for anything except a fried egg! LOL! :) We will keep buying these to keep on hand and for long term food storage.Review by June (Posted on 3/24/2014)/2014). I used reconstituted eggs to make mayonnaise and it tasted better than store-bought mayonnaise. My mother-in-law was here and said her job as a little girl was to make the mayo and she said it was excellent.Review by Robin (Posted on 3/24/2014). When making French and Italian type breads which don't normally call for any eggs add a tablespoon of Honeyville Whole Powdered Eggs for each 2 cups of flour in the recipe. Bread doughs are lighter better textured and rise in less time.Review by Linda : $31.89. Starting at: $67.99. Starting at: $69.99

textbook:
Lesson: How to Make French and Italian Type Breads

## Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn how to make French and Italian type breads using powdered eggs. We will start by understanding the importance of eggs in breadmaking and how powdered eggs can be used as a substitute. Then, we will explore the steps involved in making French and Italian type breads using powdered eggs. Finally, we will discuss the benefits of using powdered eggs in breadmaking and how they can improve the texture and taste of the bread.

## Importance of Eggs in Breadmaking
Eggs play a crucial role in breadmaking. They provide structure, flavor, and moisture to the dough. They also help in the development of gluten, which gives the bread its chewy texture. However, not all bread recipes call for eggs. In such cases, powdered eggs can be used as a substitute.

## Using Powdered Eggs in Breadmaking
Powdered eggs are dried and ground eggs that come in a powdered form. They can be used as a substitute for fresh eggs in breadmaking. Powdered eggs can be used in the same quantity as fresh eggs, i.e., one tablespoon of powdered eggs is equivalent to one egg. They can be used in bread recipes that do not call for eggs or when fresh eggs are not available.

## Making French and Italian Type Breads Using Powdered Eggs
To make French and Italian type breads using powdered eggs, follow these steps:

1. Start by gathering all the ingredients needed for the bread. These include flour, water, yeast, salt, sugar, and powdered eggs.

2. In a mixing bowl, combine the flour, salt, and sugar. Mix them together until they are well combined.

3. Add the powdered eggs to the mixture. Use a tablespoon for measuring the eggs. Add one tablespoon of powdered eggs for each two cups of flour in the recipe.

4. In a separate bowl, combine the water and yeast. Let the yeast dissolve in the water for a few minutes.

5. Add the yeast mixture to the flour mixture. Mix everything together until you have a smooth dough.

6. Knead the dough on a floured surface for about 10 minutes. This will help develop the gluten in the dough, which will give the bread its chewy texture.

7. Cover the dough with a damp cloth and let it rest for 30 minutes.

8. After resting, punch down the dough and shape it into a loaf. Place the loaf into a greased baking dish.

9. Cover the dough again and let it rise for another 30 minutes.

10. Preheat the oven to 375°F.

11. Once the oven is preheated, bake the bread for 30-35 minutes or until it is golden brown.

12. Remove the bread from the oven and let it cool before slicing.

## Benefits of Using Powdered Eggs in Breadmaking
Using powdered eggs in breadmaking has several benefits. Powdered eggs are easy to store and can be used in recipes that call for eggs or those that do not. They also provide structure, flavor, and moisture to the dough, just like fresh eggs. Additionally, powdered eggs can be used to make French and Italian type breads that have a light and airy texture.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned how to make French and Italian type breads using powdered eggs. We explored the steps involved in making bread using powdered eggs and discussed the benefits of using powdered eggs in breadmaking. By following these steps, we can make delicious breads that are light, airy, and have a great texture.


text: Eurovision in Concert - sweet thing from Iceland. Eurovision in Concert - sweet thing from Iceland, originally uploaded by CharlesFred.. Johanna from Iceland made it through to the Final of Eurovision and came through as the biggest surprise of Tuesday's semi-final. We see her here singing in Amsterdam.. It looked good and she has a lovely voice but you8 have to worry that the song might be a bit weak. Certainly in with a chance but unlikely to win (despite all the friendly Nordic voting).. Bosnia also made it through to the Final of Eurovision but they weren't entirely convincing, which saw their price go out from 7-1 to 20-1, which is not good... The voice was not quite right and the camera angles were not optimal. The camera needs to concentrate more on the singer's face...

textbook:
**Lesson:**

**Introduction:**

The Eurovision Song Contest is an annual event where countries from Europe and beyond compete to win the title of best song. In this lesson, we will learn about the history of Eurovision, how the contest works, and some of the most memorable moments in its history.

**History of Eurovision:**

Eurovision was first held in 1956 in Switzerland, and since then, it has become one of the longest-running television shows in history. The contest was created as a way for European countries to come together after World War II and promote unity and peace through music.

**How Eurovision Works:**

Each country that participates in Eurovision sends one song to compete against others. The songs are performed live on stage, and viewers from all over the world vote for their favorite song. The country with the most votes wins the contest and gets to host the next year's Eurovision.

**Memorable Moments in Eurovision History:**

There have been many memorable moments in Eurovision history, such as when Abba won the contest for Sweden in 1974 with their song "Waterloo." Another memorable moment was when Celine Dion won the contest for Switzerland in 1988 with her song "Ne Partez Pas Sans Moi."

**Conclusion:**

Eurovision is a unique and exciting event that brings people from all over the world together through music. By learning about its history and some of its most memorable moments, we can appreciate the importance of this contest and how it has impacted the world of music.


text: Assembly of Dust. Singer Songwriter Reid Genauer, frontman of Assembly of Dust, has described the seminal 1968 studio recording, Music From The Big Pink, by the legendary group The Band and Bob Dylan, as influential in his decision to be a rock musician. It’s this rational that has drawn Genauer and AOD a large and dedicated following of music aficionado fans, including those of us in the Vibe Tribe who’ve known of his songwriting and vocal talents for years, as his original band, Strangefolk – which he’ll also be performing with this weekend – was one of the founding bands to play at the first Vibes festival in 1996., to help produce AOD’s fourth studio album, Sun Shot.. Sun Shot is one part Singer-Songwriter, one part Alt-Country and one part Rock and Roll, but the thread tying it all together is Genauer’s heartfelt and beautifully written lyrics..

textbook:
Lesson Title: The Influence of Music on Society

Introduction:
Music has been an integral part of human society for centuries. It has the power to evoke emotions, tell stories, and bring people together. In this lesson, we will explore the influence of music on society, focusing on the example of the album "Music From The Big Pink" by The Band and Bob Dylan.

Section 1: The Importance of Music in Society

Topic 1: The Impact of Music on Emotions
- Question: How does music affect our emotions?
- Answer: Music can evoke different emotions in people, depending on the genre, tempo, and lyrics. It can make us happy, sad, angry, or even nostalgic.
- Example: Listening to a slow, melancholic song can make us feel sad, while an upbeat pop song can make us feel happy.

Topic 2: The Role of Music in Storytelling
- Question: How does music tell stories?
- Answer: Music can tell stories by evoking memories, experiences, and emotions. Lyrics can also help convey a story or message.
- Example: "The Weight" by The Band tells a story about a man who arrives in a small town and seeks advice from various characters.

Topic 3: The Power of Music to Bring People Together
- Question: How does music bring people together?
- Answer: Music has the power to unite people from different backgrounds and cultures. It can create a sense of community and belonging.
- Example: Concerts and music festivals bring people together from all over the world to enjoy and celebrate music.

Section 2: The Influence of "Music From The Big Pink"

Topic 1: The Album's Influence on Genauer's Decision to Become a Musician
- Question: How did "Music From The Big Pink" influence Genauer's decision to become a musician?
- Answer: Genauer was inspired by the album's raw sound, honest lyrics, and unique blend of genres. He saw this as an opportunity to create music that was true to himself and his experiences.
- Example: Genauer's music with Assembly of Dust and Strangefolk reflects his own life experiences and emotions.

Topic 2: The Album's Influence on Music History
- Question: How did "Music From The Big Pink" influence music history?
- Answer: The album is considered a classic and has influenced many musicians and bands that came after it. Its raw sound and honest lyrics paved the way for a new era of rock music.
- Example: Many bands today, such as The Black Keys and The White Stripes, have cited "Music From The Big Pink" as an influence on their own music.

Section 3: The Influence of "Sun Shot"

Topic 1: The Album's Influence on Genauer's Songwriting
- Question: How has "Sun Shot" influenced Genauer's songwriting?
- Answer: "Sun Shot" showcases Genauer's growth as a songwriter, with more personal and introspective lyrics. He explores themes of love, loss, and self-discovery.
- Example: The song "Hard Way" is about facing difficult situations and learning from them.

Topic 2: The Album's Influence on Genres
- Question: How does "Sun Shot" influence different genres of music?
- Answer: "Sun Shot" blends elements of folk, country, and rock music, creating a unique sound that is both familiar and fresh. This blend of genres has influenced other artists to experiment with their own music.
- Example: The band The Lumineers has been influenced by Genauer's blend of genres and incorporates elements of folk and rock into their own music.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, music has the power to influence society in many ways. It can evoke emotions, tell stories, and bring people together. The album "Music From The Big Pink" and its influence on Genauer's music is a prime example of this. By exploring the impact of music on society, we can appreciate the art form even more and apply its lessons to our own lives.

Glossary:
- Emotions: Feelings and reactions to different situations or stimuli.
- Genre: A category of music that is characterized by a specific style or sound.
- Lyric: The words of a song.
- Raw: Unprocessed and unrefined.

Self-Debate:
- Do you think music has the power to change society? Why or why not?
- Can you think of any other albums or songs that have had a significant impact on music history? Explain your answer.


text: Lodi Monera Deep Red Bracelet Heel. This red shoe by LODI in soft leather is so elegant. Made with a removeable ankle strap so these shoes may be worn with or without. Buckle fastening with studded ankle strap detail ensuring this shoe is on trend. The new gel sole for greater comfort in every step. These shoes are made in Spain.. Heel Height: 9cm. Sizing :. UK size 4 (37). UK size 5 (38). UK size 6 (39). UK size 7 (40). Colour Red,.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Buy Shoes Online

Introduction:
Buying shoes online can be a daunting task, especially if you don't know what to look for. In this lesson, we will teach you how to buy shoes online like a pro. We will cover the following topics:

1. How to choose the right size
2. How to identify the right shoe style for your foot type
3. How to read shoe reviews and determine their authenticity
4. How to identify the best deals and discounts

Section 1: How to Choose the Right Size

The first step in buying shoes online is to ensure that you choose the right size. Here are some tips to help you:

1. Measure your feet: Use a tape measure to measure the length and width of your feet. You can find a tape measure at any shoe store or online.
2. Know your shoe size: Most shoe stores have a size chart that you can use to determine your shoe size. If you're not sure about your shoe size, try on a pair of shoes that you know fit well.
3. Check the shoe's sizing chart: Before you purchase a pair of shoes, check the shoe's sizing chart to ensure that it matches your foot size.
4. Read reviews: Read reviews from other customers who have purchased the same shoe. They may have valuable insights on the shoe's fit and sizing.

Section 2: How to Identify the Right Shoe Style for Your Foot Type

The next step in buying shoes online is to identify the right shoe style for your foot type. Here are some tips to help you:

1. Know your foot type: There are three main foot types - flat feet, high arches, and normal arches. Knowing your foot type will help you identify the right shoe style for you.
2. Look for specific features: Different shoe styles are designed for different types of feet. For example, if you have flat feet, look for shoes with arch support.
3. Try on the shoe: If possible, try on the shoe before purchasing it. This will give you an idea of how it fits and feels.
4. Read reviews: Read reviews from other customers who have purchased the same shoe. They may have valuable insights on the shoe's fit and style.

Section 3: How to Read Shoe Reviews and Determine Their Authenticity

Reading shoe reviews is an important part of buying shoes online. Here are some tips to help you:

1. Look for specific details: Pay attention to specific details in the review. For example, if someone mentions that the shoe is comfortable but has a small hole in the toe, this may be something to look out for.
2. Check the reviewer's profile: Check the reviewer's profile to see if they have written other reviews. If they have, this may indicate that they are a legitimate reviewer.
3. Check the date: Check the date of the review. If it was written recently, this may indicate that the review is more accurate.
4. Look for common themes: Look for common themes in the reviews. If many people mention that the shoe is uncomfortable, this may be a sign that the shoe is not a good choice.

Section 4: How to Identify the Best Deals and Discounts

Finally, we will teach you how to identify the best deals and discounts when buying shoes online. Here are some tips to help you:

1. Check the shoe's price history: Check the shoe's price history to see if it has been discounted before. If it has, this may be a sign that it will be discounted again.
2. Check for coupon codes: Check for coupon codes that you can use to get a discount on your purchase.
3. Wait for sales: Many shoe stores have sales throughout the year. If you can wait, it may be worth it to hold off on your purchase until a sale comes around.
4. Compare prices: Compare prices from different shoe stores to ensure that you are getting the best deal.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, buying shoes online can be a great experience if you know what to look for. By following the tips in this lesson, you can find the perfect pair of shoes that fit well, are comfortable, and are within your budget.


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textbook:
Title: Introduction to Cone Forms

### Section 1: What are Cone Forms?
Cone forms are geometric shapes that can be found in many everyday objects such as ice cream cones, party hats, and even buildings. A cone form is created when a pyramid is cut in half along one of its faces. This results in a shape that resembles a cone with a flat base and a pointed tip.

### Section 2: Exploring Cone Forms
To explore cone forms, let's first look at a pyramid. A pyramid is a three-dimensional shape with a flat base and four triangular sides that meet at a single point called the apex. Now, imagine cutting this pyramid in half along one of its faces. The result is a cone form!

Let's take a closer look at the parts of a cone form. Like a pyramid, a cone form has a base, which is the flat part at the bottom, and an apex, which is the pointed tip. The difference is that a cone form only has one face, while a pyramid has four.

Now, let's try a few practice questions to test our understanding of cone forms:

1. What is the difference between a cone form and a pyramid?
- The main difference is that a cone form only has one face, while a pyramid has four.

2. Can you think of any real-life examples of cone forms?
- Yes, some examples include ice cream cones, party hats, and buildings with a spire.

3. How many sides does a cone form have?
- A cone form has one face, which is the flat base.

### Section 3: Applying Cone Forms
Now that we understand what cone forms are and how they are formed, let's look at some practical applications. One common use of cone forms is in architecture, where they are often used to create spires on buildings. This gives the structure a distinctive shape and makes it more visually interesting.

Another application of cone forms is in mathematics. In geometry, cone forms are used to represent linear transformations. This means that if you rotate or scale a cone form, it will still maintain its shape and proportions.

In conclusion, cone forms are fascinating geometric shapes that have many practical applications. By exploring their properties and uses, we can deepen our understanding of the world around us.


text: edge. Classification edge. Description.. Weights — Observation weights. ones(size(X,1),1) (default) | name of a variable in. TBL | numeric vector. Observation weights, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting. of. 'Weights' and a numeric vector.. If you supply weights,. edge computes the weighted. classification. edge. The software weights the observations in each row of. X or. TBL with the. corresponding weight in. Weights.. Data Types:. single |. double |. char |. string. Output Arguments. E — Classification edge. scalar value. Classification edge, returned as a scalar representing the weighted average value of the margin.. Examples. More About. Margin. The classification margin is the difference between the. classification score for the true class and maximal. classification score for the false classes. Margin is a column vector with the same. number of rows as the matrix. X... Edge:. edgeexec).

textbook:
Lesson: Classification Edge in Machine Learning

Introduction:
In machine learning, classification edge is a measure of the difference between the predicted class and the closest false class. It is used to evaluate the performance of a classification model. In this lesson, we will learn about the classification edge, its formula, and how to calculate it.

Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

- Definition: The classification edge is the difference between the predicted class and the closest false class.
- Formula: Classification edge = Predicted class - Closest false class
- Example: Suppose we have a dataset with two classes, A and B. The classification edge for class A is the difference between the predicted class (A) and the closest false class (B).

Section 2: Practical Examples

- Example 1: Suppose we have a dataset with three classes, A, B, and C. The classification edge for class C is the difference between the predicted class (C) and the closest false class (B).
- Example 2: Suppose we have a dataset with four classes, D, E, F, and G. The classification edge for class G is the difference between the predicted class (G) and the closest false class (F).

Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

- Question: How does the classification edge relate to the confusion matrix?
- Answer: The classification edge is related to the diagonal element of the confusion matrix. The diagonal element represents the number of correct predictions made by the model. The classification edge is the difference between the predicted class and the closest false class, which can be calculated using the confusion matrix.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the classification edge, its formula, and how to calculate it. We also saw some practical examples and had a self-debating discussion on its relationship with the confusion matrix. By understanding the classification edge, we can better evaluate the performance of our classification models.

Glossary:
- Classification edge: The difference between the predicted class and the closest false class.
- Confusion matrix: A table that summarizes the number of correct and incorrect predictions made by a classification model.


text: Clean Energy with a Clear Conscience Lower Electric Bills. A Greener Community. A Smart Investment. Get your campaign started today! If you’re ready to start a Solarize campaign, petition, or crowdfunding project in your community, we’ll first need to learn a little more about you and your idea. Simply submit the form and a Solar CrowdSource representative will contact you shortly to get started. Contact Solar Crowdsource: Solar CrowdSource 708 Church St., Decatur, GA 30030 678.695.8750 Follow Solar CrowdSource:

textbook:
Lesson: Solar Energy and its Benefits
Introduction:
Solar energy is a renewable source of power that uses the sun's rays to generate electricity. It is an eco-friendly alternative to traditional energy sources like coal, oil, and gas. In this lesson, we will explore the benefits of solar energy, how it works, and why it is essential for a sustainable future.
Section 1: Introduction to Solar Energy
**Topic:** What is solar energy?
**Question:** What are the benefits of solar energy?
**Answer:** Solar energy is a renewable source of power that harnesses the sun's rays to generate electricity. It is clean, sustainable, and has minimal environmental impact. Solar energy also reduces dependence on fossil fuels, lowers greenhouse gas emissions, and helps combat climate change.
**Definition:** Solar energy is the conversion of the sun's radiation into usable heat or electricity.
**Example:** Solar panels absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity, which can be used to power homes, businesses, and machines.
Section 2: How Solar Energy Works
**Topic:** How does solar energy work?
**Question:** How do solar panels generate electricity?
**Answer:** Solar panels are made up of photovoltaic (PV) cells, which are semiconductor materials that absorb sunlight and convert it into direct current (DC) electricity. This DC electricity is then converted into alternating current (AC) electricity by an inverter, which can be used to power homes and businesses.
**Definition:** Photovoltaic cells are devices that convert sunlight into electricity by using semiconductor materials.
**Example:** When sunlight hits a PV cell, it knocks electrons free from their atoms, creating a flow of electricity.
Section 3: Why Solar Energy Matters
**Topic:** Why is solar energy important?
**Question:** Why should we switch to solar energy?
**Answer:** Solar energy is essential because it is a clean, renewable source of power that has minimal environmental impact. By switching to solar energy, we can reduce our dependence on fossil fuels, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and help combat climate change. Solar energy also has economic benefits, as it can save money on electricity bills and create jobs in the renewable energy sector.
**Definition:** Renewable energy is energy that comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are replenished at a faster rate than they are consumed.
**Example:** Solar energy is renewable because the sun's rays are constantly replenished by nuclear fusion in the sun's core.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, solar energy is a clean, renewable source of power that has many benefits for both the environment and the economy. By understanding how solar energy works and why it matters, we can make informed decisions about whether solar energy is right for us and our communities.
Glossary:
- Solar energy: The conversion of the sun's radiation into usable heat or electricity.
- Photovoltaic (PV) cells: Devices that convert sunlight into electricity by using semiconductor materials.
- Renewable energy: Energy that comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are replenished at a faster rate than they are consumed.


text: - . The success of COSMIC has also prompted U.S. agencies to move forward with a follow-on RO mission (called FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2) with Taiwan that will launch six satellites into low-inclination orbits in early 2016, and another six satellites into high-inclination orbits in early 2018. The continued operation of FORMOST-3/COSMIC and the execution of the FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 mission promise to provide continuous high-quality GPS RO data at unprecedented density, which could greatly benefit research and operations. A highlight of this workshop will be the development of the FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 mission, and the opportunities it will provide for the weather, climate, and space weather communities with its unprecedented RO data. More information about the workshop can be found at:

textbook:
## Lesson: Introduction to Remote Sensing with GPS RO Data
### Section 1: Introduction to Remote Sensing
Remote sensing is the process of acquiring information about an object or area without making physical contact with it. This is done using sensors that are placed on satellites, aircraft, or ground-based platforms. One of the most common types of remote sensing is GPS RO (Radio Occultation) data. This type of data is collected when a GPS signal passes through the Earth's atmosphere and is reflected back to the satellite. By analyzing this data, scientists can learn about the Earth's atmosphere, weather patterns, and climate.
### Section 2: Understanding GPS RO Data
GPS RO data is collected by a network of satellites that are equipped with GPS receivers. These satellites transmit a signal to the Earth's surface, where it is reflected back to the satellite. By analyzing the time delay and frequency shift of the reflected signal, scientists can determine the temperature, pressure, and humidity of the Earth's atmosphere at different altitudes. This information can be used to create weather forecasts, monitor climate change, and study space weather.
### Section 3: Applications of GPS RO Data
GPS RO data has many applications in the fields of meteorology, climatology, and space science. For example, meteorologists use GPS RO data to create more accurate weather forecasts by providing real-time information about the Earth's atmosphere. Climatologists use GPS RO data to study long-term climate trends and to better understand the causes of climate change. Space scientists use GPS RO data to study the solar wind and other space weather phenomena that can affect satellite communications and navigation systems.
### Section 4: Conclusion
In conclusion, remote sensing with GPS RO data is a powerful tool for scientists who want to learn more about the Earth's atmosphere, weather patterns, and climate. By analyzing the data collected by a network of satellites, scientists can create more accurate weather forecasts, monitor climate change, and study space weather. As the technology continues to improve, we can expect to see even more exciting applications of GPS RO data in the future.
### Glossary
- GPS: Global Positioning System
- RO: Radio Occultation
- Meteorology: The study of weather and its effects on the Earth's atmosphere
- Climatology: The study of long-term weather patterns and climate trends
- Space Science: The study of phenomena in outer space
- Solar Wind: A stream of charged particles that emanates from the Sun
- Satellite Communications: The use of satellites to transmit information between different locations on Earth


text: Genealogy Christmas Gifts. Christmas is a time for family so this year don't forget those family member who came before you. Celebrate the holiday season by spending a few moments to think of your ancestors and what they would have done at Christmas in years gone by.. The Genealogists Christmas Tree Mugs. Christmas To-Do List Stamp. This Christmas Remember Your Ancestors Cards. Merry Christmas To You And Your Ancestors Coffee Mug. Christmas Survival Plan Mousepad. Christmas Survival Kit - Bath T-shirts. Some New Ancestors For Christmas Greeting Card. This Christmas Remember Your Ancestors Fridge Magnets

textbook:
Lesson: Genealogy and Family History

Introduction:
Genealogy is the study of family history and ancestry. It is an interesting and rewarding hobby that can help us understand our roots and connect with our family members. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of genealogy and how to research our family history.

Section 1: Understanding Genealogy

Topic 1: What is Genealogy?
- Genealogy is the study of family history and ancestry.
- It involves researching and recording information about our ancestors and their lives.
- The goal of genealogy is to trace our family tree back as far as possible and learn about our heritage.

Topic 2: Why is Genealogy Important?
- Genealogy helps us understand our roots and connect with our family members.
- It can provide a sense of identity and belonging.
- It can also help us understand our health history and potential risks for certain diseases.

Section 2: Researching Genealogy

Topic 1: How to Start Researching Genealogy
- Start by talking to family members and asking for stories and information about their lives and ancestors.
- Look for old photos, letters, and documents that can provide clues about your family history.
- Use online resources such as ancestry.com or familysearch.org to start building your family tree.

Topic 2: Tips for Researching Genealogy
- Keep detailed notes and records of your research.
- Always double-check your sources to ensure accuracy.
- Don't be afraid to ask for help from more experienced genealogists.

Section 3: Genealogy Gifts

Topic 1: Genealogy Gifts for Family Members
- Genealogists Christmas Tree Mugs
- Christmas To-Do List Stamp
- This Christmas Remember Your Ancestors Cards
- Merry Christmas To You And Your Ancestors Coffee Mug
- Christmas Survival Plan Mousepad
- Christmas Survival Kit - Bath T-shirts
- Some New Ancestors For Christmas Greeting Card
- This Christmas Remember Your Ancestors Fridge Magnets

Topic 2: Genealogy Gifts for Yourself
- Genealogy Books
- DNA Testing Kit
- Genealogy Software
- Family Tree Chart
- Old Photos or Documents
- Genealogy Subscription Service

Conclusion:
In conclusion, genealogy is a fun and rewarding hobby that allows us to connect with our family members and learn about our heritage. By following the tips and advice provided in this lesson, we can begin our journey into the world of genealogy and discover our family history.


text:
Pros: We are using NGOC to host our member CRM/database. The tool integrates seamlessly with our Credit Card vendor (Vantiv) and we are very happy with the elegant structure of donations and the ability to manage recurring subscriptions. We also make extensive use of their WIKI page - the documentation is quite good for most features and has been very helpful.

Cons: Probably my biggest stumbling block is that we frequently run into resource utilization issues because of black box event based triggers that fire when a record changes. Like any managed package in Salesforce, we can't see what code is running or predict the impact of a data upload might be. The saving grace is the documentation and the ability to manage some of these triggers through custom settings.

One thing I would suggest to anyone implementing this is to sit down with a Salesforce and Data Architect BEFORE you implement. The tool was implemented before I started and every single feature was turned on and running though we were actively using less than half of them. NGOC has multiple modules and you don't necessarily need to install them all.

Overall: We use this software to manage our member and donation database.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Software Development

## Section 1: What is Software Development?
Software development is the process of designing, creating, testing, and maintaining software. It involves writing code, fixing bugs, and improving the performance of a program.

## Section 2: Why is Software Development Important?
Software development is important because it allows us to create programs that can automate tasks, make our lives easier, and improve our productivity. It also helps businesses to stay competitive by developing software that meets their customers' needs.

## Section 3: Types of Software Development
There are different types of software development, including web development, mobile app development, desktop application development, and game development. Each type of development requires different skills and tools.

## Section 4: Tools Used in Software Development
Some common tools used in software development include text editors, integrated development environments (IDEs), version control systems, and debugging tools.

## Section 5: Conclusion
In conclusion, software development is an essential part of modern life. It allows us to create programs that can help us in our daily lives and improve our productivity. By understanding the basics of software development, we can better understand how software works and how to create our own programs.


text:
Semiconductor light emitting circuits may include one or more semiconductor Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). As is well known to those having skill in the art, a light emitting diode includes a plurality of semiconductor layers that are configured to emit light upon energization thereof.
In order to increase the light output of a semiconductor light emitting circuit, it may be desirable to provide multiple LEDs in the circuit. Multiple LEDs may be connected in parallel. However, to reduce or prevent current hogging by one of the LEDs, it may be desirable to provide voltage matched LEDs. Unfortunately, voltage matched LEDs may increase the cost of the semiconductor light emitting circuit. In other semiconductor light emitting circuits, a plurality of LEDs are connected in a series string. Unfortunately, if one LED in the string fails and becomes an open circuit, the entire string may fail to light due to the open circuit.
It is known to shunt one or more Zener diodes across an LED, to provide electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection. See, for example, U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. US 2001/0032985 A1 to Bhat et al. and 2002/0139987 A1 to Collins, III et al., and European Patent Application No. EP 1 020 935 A2 to Maeda et al.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Semiconductors and Light Emitting Circuits

**Overview:**
In this lesson, we will learn about semiconductors and light emitting circuits. We will discuss the basic components of a light emitting diode (LED) and how they work. We will also explore the challenges associated with connecting multiple LEDs in a circuit and ways to overcome these challenges.

**Objectives:**
- Understand the basic components of a semiconductor LED
- Explain how LEDs emit light
- Describe the challenges associated with connecting multiple LEDs in a circuit
- Identify ways to overcome the challenges of connecting multiple LEDs in a circuit

**Section 1: Introduction to Semiconductors**

Semiconductors are materials that have electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. They are made from elements such as silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide. These materials have a unique property that allows them to be used in electronic devices such as transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits.

**Section 2: Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)**

LEDs are a type of diode that emits light when current flows through them. They are made from semiconductor materials such as silicon, gallium arsenide, and indium phosphide. When an LED is energized, electrons in the semiconductor recombine with holes, releasing energy in the form of photons. The color of the emitted light depends on the energy gap between the valence band and the conduction band in the semiconductor material.

**Section 3: Challenges with Connecting Multiple LEDs**

When multiple LEDs are connected in a circuit, there are two main challenges: current hogging and open circuits. Current hogging occurs when one LED draws more current than the others, causing it to become brighter while the others dim. Open circuits occur when an LED fails and becomes disconnected from the circuit, causing the entire string to fail.

**Section 4: Overcoming Challenges with Multiple LEDs**

There are several ways to overcome the challenges of connecting multiple LEDs in a circuit. One method is to use voltage-matched LEDs, which have similar voltage drops across them. This ensures that each LED will draw approximately the same amount of current, reducing current hogging. Another method is to use current-limiting resistors in series with each LED to limit the current flowing through them. This prevents open circuits caused by failed LEDs because the resistor will continue to allow current to flow through the circuit even if the LED fails.

**Section 5: Conclusion**

In this lesson, we learned about semiconductors and light emitting diodes. We discussed the challenges associated with connecting multiple LEDs in a circuit and ways to overcome these challenges. By understanding these concepts, we can design more efficient and reliable semiconductor light emitting circuits.

**Glossary:**
- Semiconductor: A material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.
- LED: A type of diode that emits light when current flows through it.
- Recombination: The process by which electrons in a semiconductor recombine with holes, releasing energy in the form of photons.
- Voltage-matched LEDs: LEDs with similar voltage drops across them.
- Current-limiting resistors: Resistors used in series with each LED to limit the current flowing through them.

**Self-Debate Discussion:**
- Why is it important to use voltage-matched LEDs in a circuit?
- How do current-limiting resistors help prevent open circuits in a series string of LEDs?


text: If you’d like to try an alternative to classic porcelain, then Tonda is the perfect complement to your home.. 1. Constructed with heavy-duty aluminum.. 2. Comes with riveted handle, and easy grip.. 3. Marked line on both internal and external for easy measuring, Ideal for home, restaurant, bakery, catering, pizza palor, and more.. Note:

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Measuring Cups

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

A measuring cup is a kitchen tool used to measure the volume of liquid or dry ingredients. It is typically made of plastic, metal, or ceramic material. The most common type of measuring cup is the liquid measuring cup, which has graduated marks on the inside to measure the amount of liquid.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's say you are baking a cake and need to measure out 2 cups of flour. You would use a measuring cup to scoop the flour into the cup until it reaches the 2-cup mark. This ensures that you have the correct amount of flour needed for the recipe.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

Why is it important to use the correct measuring tool when cooking or baking?

Argument 1: Using the correct measuring tool ensures accurate measurements, which can affect the taste and texture of the final product.

Argument 2: Using the wrong measuring tool can lead to wasted ingredients and time, as well as potential safety hazards if the ingredient is hazardous when measured incorrectly.

Conclusion: Using the correct measuring tool is essential for achieving accurate measurements and ensuring the safety and quality of the final product.

## Glossary
- Measuring Cup: A kitchen tool used to measure the volume of liquid or dry ingredients.
- Graduated Marks: Markings on the inside of a measuring cup that indicate specific measurements of liquid.
- Liquid Measuring Cup: A type of measuring cup used to measure the volume of liquid.

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about measuring cups and their importance in cooking and baking. We explored the theoretical concepts behind measuring cups, practiced using them in practical examples, and engaged in self-debating discussions to understand the importance of using the correct measuring tool. By applying these skills, we can ensure accurate measurements and create high-quality, safe products.


text:
Celebrity Ink

"I've consistently been impressed with J.J. as a filmmaker and storyteller," Lucas said in Lucasfilm's statement confirming Abrams as the director. "He's an ideal choice to direct the new Star Wars film and the legacy couldn't be in better hands."

Supermodels: Then and Now

And he isn't the only one excited.

Abrams, who has been busy directing the upcoming Star Trek: Into Darkness, is equally yoked about the opportunity, saying "to be a part of the next chapter of the Star Wars saga, to collaborate with Kathy Kennedy and this remarkable group of people, is an absolute honor."

"I may be even more grateful to George Lucas now than I was as a kid," Abrams went on.

Lucasfilm co-chair Kathy Kennedy also raved about the Lost creator, saying it is "exciting" to have Abrams on board for the highly anticipated film.

"J.J. is the perfect director to helm this," Kennedy said. "Beyond having such great instincts as a filmmaker, he has an intuitive understanding of this franchise. He understands the essence of the Star Wars experience, and will bring that talent to create an unforgettable motion picture."

Star Wars 7 is set to hit theaters in 2015.

So, tell us...are you even more excited about Star Wars 7 now that Abrams is locked in to direct it? Sound off in the comments.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Star Wars: Episode VII - The Force Awakens

**Objective:** To introduce students to the plot, characters, and themes of Star Wars: Episode VII - The Force Awakens.

**Materials:** Computer or projector, screen, speakers, and internet access.

**Procedure:**

1. Begin by showing the trailer for The Force Awakens. Ask students what they think the movie is about based on the trailer.

2. Introduce the concept of the "Force" in Star Wars. Explain that it is a mystical energy field that grants Jedi knights their powers. Discuss the importance of the Force in the Star Wars universe and how it ties into the theme of good vs. evil.

3. Discuss the main characters of the movie. Show images of Rey, Finn, Poe Dameron, BB-8, and Kylo Ren. Explain their roles in the story and how they relate to each other.

4. Introduce the idea of the "Resistance" and the "First Order." Explain that the Resistance is a group of rebels fighting against the oppressive regime of the First Order. Discuss how this relates to real-life conflicts between oppressors and oppressed groups.

5. Discuss the plot of the movie. Explain that it takes place 30 years after the events of Return of the Jedi. Show a timeline of the Star Wars movies to help students understand the chronology.

6. Explain that the movie follows Rey, a scavenger who finds a droid belonging to the Resistance. This leads her on a journey to meet Finn, a former Stormtrooper who has deserted the First Order. They team up with Poe Dameron, a pilot for the Resistance, and BB-8, a droid carrying important information.

7. Discuss the themes of the movie, including destiny, family, and redemption. Ask students to think about how these themes relate to their own lives.

8. Conclude by asking students to predict what they think will happen in the movie. Encourage them to use their knowledge of the Force and the characters to make educated guesses.

**Glossary:**
- Jedi: A member of an ancient order of warrior-knights in the Star Wars universe.
- Force: A mystical energy field that grants Jedi knights their powers.
- Resistance: A group of rebels fighting against the oppressive regime of the First Order.
- First Order: A military organization in the Star Wars universe that seeks to rule the galaxy.
- Timeline: A sequence of events arranged in chronological order.

**Conclusion:**

In this lesson, we introduced students to the plot, characters, and themes of Star Wars: Episode VII - The Force Awakens. We discussed the Force, the main characters, and the conflict between the Resistance and the First Order. We also explored the themes of destiny, family, and redemption. By the end of the lesson, students should have a basic understanding of the movie and its place in the Star Wars universe.


text: Pelican Reef is a gated community with waterfront living on the Virginia Sound in Hampstead, NC approximately 20 minutes from Wilmington. Pelican Reef was established with nature in mind. The streets are lined with old growth and hardwood trees giving home owners a wide array of nature within our beautiful setting. Property owners have choice of custom specifications for home features so each property is unique and different. In addition there are cottage style homes as well as patio homes. Amenities include; a club house, swimming pool, kayak launch, boat corral, tennis courts, community pier/dock and a fitness center. Historically preserved are 3 different parks within Pelican Reef; Tar Pit Park, Civil War Park and the Creekside Park.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Real Estate

**Overview**

Real estate is the property, land, buildings, air rights, and underground rights. It is a valuable asset that can be bought, sold, or leased. In this lesson, we will learn about different types of real estate, their characteristics, and how they can be used.

**Section 1: Types of Real Estate**

There are four main types of real estate: residential, commercial, industrial, and land.

1. Residential Real Estate: This type of real estate includes single-family homes, townhouses, condos, and co-ops. It is typically used for living purposes.

2. Commercial Real Estate: This type of real estate includes office buildings, retail spaces, and apartment complexes. It is typically used for business purposes.

3. Industrial Real Estate: This type of real estate includes warehouses, factories, and distribution centers. It is typically used for manufacturing or production purposes.

4. Land: This type of real estate includes vacant land, farms, and ranches. It can be used for residential, commercial, or industrial purposes.

**Section 2: Characteristics of Real Estate**

Real estate has several characteristics that make it valuable. These include location, size, and condition.

1. Location: The location of a piece of real estate is one of its most important characteristics. It determines its proximity to amenities, transportation options, and other factors that affect its value.

2. Size: The size of a piece of real estate refers to its square footage. Larger properties are typically more valuable than smaller ones because they can accommodate more people or activities.

3. Condition: The condition of a piece of real estate refers to its physical state. Properties in good condition are typically more valuable than those in poor condition because they require less maintenance and repair work.

**Section 3: Uses of Real Estate**

Real estate can be used for various purposes, including residential, commercial, industrial, and land use.

1. Residential Use: Real estate can be used as a primary residence, vacation home, or rental property.

2. Commercial Use: Real estate can be used for business purposes, such as office space, retail stores, or warehouses.

3. Industrial Use: Real estate can be used for manufacturing or production purposes, such as factories or distribution centers.

4. Land Use: Real estate can be used for agricultural, recreational, or development purposes.

**Glossary**

- **Real Estate:** Property, land, buildings, air rights, and underground rights.
- **Residential Real Estate:** Single-family homes, townhouses, condos, and co-ops used for living purposes.
- **Commercial Real Estate:** Office buildings, retail spaces, and apartment complexes used for business purposes.
- **Industrial Real Estate:** Warehouses, factories, and distribution centers used for manufacturing or production purposes.
- **Land:** Vacant land, farms, and ranches that can be used for residential, commercial, or industrial purposes.

**Conclusion**

Real estate is a valuable asset that can be used for various purposes. Understanding the different types of real estate, their characteristics, and uses can help us make informed decisions when buying or selling property. By studying real estate, we can become knowledgeable about this important asset class and apply our skills to new problems.


text: Edu Comelles advances with this clip of the track ”Aurora” his debut on spa.RK with the album “August”, to be released on Desember 11th. A video realised by the artist Andrea Pazos that collect the crepuscular tonalities of finals of the summer that surround all the disk. “August” is an album realised from a unic sound -the finger of the artist over the edge of a cup of wine- and that has manipulate and brought to the dialogue with acoustic instruments. Andrea Pazos had worked previously with Edu Comelles in “Sonic Walkie”, a project trying to build sonic portraits of two cities juxtaposed, sonifying the semantic net we have in life.

textbook:
**Lesson: Understanding Abstract Art**

**Introduction:**

Abstract art is a type of art that does not depict objects or scenes from the natural world. Instead, it uses colors, shapes, forms, and gestural marks to achieve its effect. This type of art can be challenging for some people to understand, but with a little bit of knowledge, anyone can appreciate abstract art. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of abstract art and learn how to analyze and appreciate it.

**Section 1: Theoretical Concepts**

- Abstract art is a type of art that does not depict objects or scenes from the natural world.
- Instead, it uses colors, shapes, forms, and gestural marks to achieve its effect.
- Abstract art can be non-representational or non-objective. Non-representational art does not depict anything recognizable, while non-objective art uses shapes and colors to create an emotional response.
- Abstract art can be geometric or organic. Geometric abstract art uses simple shapes like circles, squares, and triangles, while organic abstract art uses more fluid shapes like curves and waves.

**Section 2: Questions and Answers**

- Q: What is abstract art?
- A: Abstract art is a type of art that does not depict objects or scenes from the natural world. Instead, it uses colors, shapes, forms, and gestural marks to achieve its effect.
- Q: How is abstract art different from representational art?
- A: Representational art depicts objects or scenes from the natural world, while abstract art does not.
- Q: Can you give me an example of abstract art?
- A: Sure! One example of abstract art is Jackson Pollock's "Number 1, 1950 (Lavender Mist)." This painting uses colors, shapes, and gestural marks to create an emotional response without depicting anything recognizable.

**Section 3: Definitions and Purpose**

- Non-representational: Not depicting anything recognizable.
- Non-objective: Using shapes and colors to create an emotional response.
- Geometric: Using simple shapes like circles, squares, and triangles.
- Organic: Using more fluid shapes like curves and waves.

**Section 4: Practical Examples**

Let's take a look at some examples of abstract art and analyze them using the concepts we learned in the previous sections.

1. Piet Mondrian's "Composition with Red, Yellow, and Blue"
   - This painting is an example of geometric abstract art. It uses simple shapes like squares and lines to create a balanced composition.
   - The colors used are primary colors, which give the painting a bold and vibrant feel.
   - The painting creates a sense of movement and energy through the use of diagonal lines.

2. Wassily Kandinsky's "Composition VII"
   - This painting is an example of organic abstract art. It uses fluid shapes like curves and waves to create a sense of movement and energy.
   - The colors used are bright and contrasting, which creates a dynamic and lively feel.
   - The painting has a sense of depth and space through the use of overlapping shapes and colors.

**Glossary**

- Abstract art: A type of art that does not depict objects or scenes from the natural world.
- Non-representational: Not depicting anything recognizable.
- Non-objective: Using shapes and colors to create an emotional response.
- Geometric: Using simple shapes like circles, squares, and triangles.
- Organic: Using more fluid shapes like curves and waves.

**Conclusion**

Understanding abstract art can be challenging, but by learning about its basic concepts, we can appreciate its beauty and complexity. By analyzing different examples of abstract art, we can see how artists use colors, shapes, forms, and gestural marks to create emotional responses and evoke feelings in us. With this knowledge, we can apply what we've learned to other types of art and even to our everyday lives.


text:
IMRT with compensators for head-and-neck cancers treatment technique, dosimetric accuracy, and practical experiences.
With three-dimensional conformal intensity-modulated radiotherapy (3D-c-IMRT) a heterogeneous dose distribution can be achieved in both planning treatment volume and in adjacent normal tissues and organs to be spared. 3D-c-IMRT demands for modified photon fluence profiles which can be accomplished with different techniques. This report deals with the commissioning of metal compensators and the first experiences in clinical use. Dosimetric accuracy, dose coverage and practical experience like treatment delivery time, monitor units and dose outside the treated volume are evaluated. From January 2002 to April 2004, 24 patients with head-and-neck cancers were treated with 3D-c-IMRT using tin-wax compensators. The dose prescription included a simultaneously integrated boost (SIB). High-dose volume was irradiated with 60-70 Gy (median 66 Gy), low-dose volume with 48-54 Gy (median 52 Gy) administered by a standardized seven- portal coplanar beam arrangement. Dose at one parotid gland was aimed at 26 Gy. The compensators used consisted of tin granules embedded in wax; recalculation was performed with compensators made of the alloy MCP96 as well. In 21 of 24 patients 3D-c-IMRT with tin-wax compensators reduced the median dose to one parotid gland to < 30 Gy. Recalculation with compensators with higher density which allowed higher attenuation revealed better protection of the parotid gland. The treatment delivery time per fraction was between 6 and 12 min (plus time for patient positioning), approximately 300 MU per 2 Gy were applied. The dose outside the treated volume was increased with regard to open fields and comparable with a physical wedge of 15-30 degrees . Quality assurance and treatment of patient were fast and simple. It was shown, that calculated dose distribution corresponded to measured dose distribution with high accuracy. The described method offers facilities for a good dose coverage of irregular target volumes with different prescribed doses and a considerable dose reduction in adjacent organs at risk. The dose sparing of organs at risk can be further improved, if a compensator material with higher density is used.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)

### Section 1: What is IMRT?
IMRT is a type of radiation therapy that uses advanced technology to deliver precise radiation doses to cancer cells while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. It involves the use of multiple beam angles and varying intensities of radiation to create a 3D dose distribution within the treatment volume.

### Section 2: How does IMRT work?
IMRT works by dividing the radiation beam into multiple smaller beams that are directed at the tumor from different angles. The intensity of each beam is adjusted to deliver the maximum dose to the tumor while minimizing the dose to the surrounding healthy tissue. This is achieved through the use of advanced computer algorithms and software that help to plan and deliver the optimal radiation dose.

### Section 3: Why is IMRT used?
IMRT is used to treat cancerous tumors that are located near critical structures, such as the spinal cord, brain, or eyes. By allowing for greater precision in targeting the tumor, IMRT can reduce the risk of damage to these critical structures and improve the overall effectiveness of the treatment.

### Section 4: What are the benefits of IMRT?
The benefits of IMRT include:
- Greater precision in targeting cancer cells, reducing the risk of damage to surrounding healthy tissue
- The ability to deliver higher doses of radiation to the tumor while minimizing damage to healthy tissue
- Improved treatment outcomes, including better control of tumor growth and reduced side effects

### Section 5: What are the limitations of IMRT?
The limitations of IMRT include:
- The need for specialized equipment and trained personnel to deliver the treatment
- The potential for increased treatment time and cost compared to traditional radiation therapy
- The possibility of treatment interruptions due to movement or other factors that can affect the accuracy of the treatment

### Section 6: Conclusion
IMRT is a powerful tool in the fight against cancer, offering improved precision and effectiveness in targeting cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. By understanding the principles behind IMRT and its potential benefits and limitations, patients and their doctors can make informed decisions about whether this advanced radiation therapy is the right choice for their specific cancer treatment plan.


text: Winner.© Mikhail Pogosov - See portfolio. Information. Description. The photo "Winner." from Mikhail Pogosov is available on Fotolia under a Royalty Free license from 1 credit (Credit from $0.74).. Available in JPEG format, this photo may be downloaded for all kinds of professional uses and in different resolutions (up to 2,062 x 2,000 pixels in 300 DPI).. The author of this picture, Mikhail Pogosov also has 95 images in the same series.. To download this photo, you can buy Fotolia credits or purchase a subscription plan and benefit from the amazing price of $0.19 per image.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Find and Use Images for Your Projects

Introduction:
Images are an essential part of any project, whether it's a presentation, a report, or a blog post. However, finding the right image and using it correctly can be a challenge. In this lesson, we will learn how to find and use images legally and effectively.

Section 1: Understanding Copyright and Licensing

Copyright is a legal protection that gives the creator of an original work exclusive rights to its use and distribution. This means that you cannot use someone else's image without their permission unless you have a license that allows you to do so.

Licensing is a way to grant permission to use someone else's image. There are different types of licenses, such as royalty-free and creative commons, which allow you to use an image for certain purposes without having to ask for permission each time.

Section 2: Finding Images

There are many places where you can find images online, including:

1. Stock photo websites: These websites sell images that are usually created by professional photographers. Some popular websites include Shutterstock, iStock, and Getty Images.

2. Creative Commons websites: These websites offer images that are released under a Creative Commons license, which means you can use them for free as long as you follow the license conditions. Some popular websites include Flickr and Pexels.

3. Social media websites: You can find images on social media websites such as Instagram and Twitter, but make sure you have permission to use them before doing so.

4. Online image libraries: Many universities and organizations have online image libraries where you can find images for educational or non-commercial use.

Section 3: Using Images Correctly

Once you have found an image you want to use, there are some steps you need to take to ensure you are using it correctly:

1. Check the license: Make sure you understand the terms of the license under which the image is offered. Some licenses may require attribution, while others may not allow commercial use.

2. Give credit: If the license requires attribution, make sure you give credit to the creator of the image. This usually means adding a caption or credit line next to the image.

3. Avoid copyright infringement: Make sure you don't use an image that infringes on someone else's copyright. This means avoiding images that are trademarked or that contain logos or other protected material.

4. Get permission: If you want to use an image that is not offered under a license that allows for your intended use, you will need to get permission from the creator or owner of the image.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about copyright and licensing, where to find images online, and how to use them correctly. By following these guidelines, you can find and use images legally and effectively in your projects.

Glossary:
- Copyright: A legal protection that gives the creator of an original work exclusive rights to its use and distribution.
- License: A permission to use someone else's image.
- Royalty-free: A type of license that allows you to use an image for any purpose without having to pay royalties each time you use it.
- Creative Commons: A type of license that allows you to share and use images for free, as long as you follow the license conditions.
- Attribution: Giving credit to the creator of an image.
- Trademark: A symbol, word, or phrase that identifies a product or service and distinguishes it from others.


text: We asked nurses when and why they chose the career they did. Their answers will make you smile, make you laugh and, above all, make you confident that if any of them are treating you, you're in good hands.. Think all CSI teams are made up of high heel-wearing, gun-toting, multi-discipline lab experts who always have a quip at the ready? Then you've become a victim of the CSI Effect.. We all start somewhere. For Brandyn Chambers, his start came from a middle school dream. Fast forward a few years, and Brandyn is now the CFO of a company and a recent Columbia College graduate.. When we think of volunteering, we often just see it as a way to help the community. However, it can also help you build up your resume and gain career experience. Dan Gomez-Palacio of Columbia College's Career Services shares the importance of volunteering.. You.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand Scientific Papers

Introduction:
Scientific papers are an essential source of information in many fields. They contain detailed descriptions of research studies, findings, and conclusions. Reading and understanding scientific papers can be challenging, but with the right tools and strategies, it can be done effectively. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand scientific papers by breaking down the process into manageable steps.

Step 1: Identify the purpose of the paper
Before reading the paper, it is essential to know its purpose. Is it a review paper that summarizes existing literature on a particular topic, or is it a research paper that presents original research findings? Knowing the purpose of the paper will help you understand what kind of information to look for while reading.

Step 2: Skim the paper
Once you know the purpose of the paper, skim through it quickly to get an overview of the content. Look for headings, subheadings, and bolded text, as these are usually the most important points in the paper. Pay attention to the introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections, as these are the most critical parts of the paper.

Step 3: Identify key terms and concepts
As you read the paper, identify key terms and concepts that are important to the study. These may include variables, hypotheses, and statistical analyses. Take note of these terms and concepts as you read, as they will be essential in understanding the paper's content.

Step 4: Read the paper carefully
Now that you have an overview of the paper, read it carefully, focusing on the details. Make sure you understand each section of the paper, including the introduction, methods, results, and discussion. If you come across any terms or concepts that you do not understand, look them up in the glossary or search engine to ensure that you understand their meaning.

Step 5: Evaluate the paper's credibility
Evaluate the paper's credibility by considering factors such as the author's credentials, the journal's impact factor, and the quality of the research design and methods used. This will help you determine whether the paper's findings are reliable and valid.

Step 6: Take notes
As you read the paper, take notes on the most important points and findings. This will help you remember the key points and make it easier to write summaries or critiques of the paper.

Step 7: Reflect on the paper's implications
Finally, reflect on the paper's implications and how they relate to other research in the field. Consider whether the paper's findings support or contradict existing knowledge, and how this might impact future research.

Conclusion:
Reading and understanding scientific papers can be challenging, but by following these steps, you can break down the process into manageable tasks. Remember to identify the paper's purpose, skim through it quickly, identify key terms and concepts, read the paper carefully, evaluate its credibility, take notes, and reflect on its implications. With practice, you will become more comfortable reading and understanding scientific papers, which will help you in your academic and professional pursuits.


text: Whether defending clients against pending lawsuits or pursuing a remedy on behalf of those who have been harmed or wronged, the attorneys at Thurmond Kirchner & Timbes, P.A., offer practical yet creative civil litigation representation.. Our:. Contact Our Team Today!. Our lawyers possess a wide range of knowledge, attention to detail, and courtroom experience. Together we have handled thousands of cases. Our civil litigation attorneys are skilled in all phases of litigation, including the pre-litigation phase through trial and appeal when necessary.. Call us at 843-937-8000 to speak with a civil litigation lawyer

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Civil Litigation

## Section 1: What is Civil Litigation?
Civil litigation is a legal process where two or more parties resolve a dispute or claim involving a private right or interest. It is a way to seek justice and compensation for harm done by another person or organization.

## Section 2: What Happens in Civil Litigation?
In civil litigation, there are several stages that a case may go through before it reaches trial. These stages include pleading, discovery, pretrial conference, trial, and appeal.

## Section 3: Types of Cases in Civil Litigation
Civil litigation can involve a wide range of cases, such as personal injury, contract disputes, property disputes, and business disputes.

## Section 4: Importance of Evidence in Civil Litigation
Evidence is crucial in civil litigation because it helps prove or disprove the claims made by each party. This can include testimony from witnesses, documents, and physical evidence.

## Section 5: Role of Attorneys in Civil Litigation
Attorneys play a vital role in civil litigation by representing their clients in court, negotiating settlements, and providing legal advice. They must be knowledgeable about the law and be able to effectively communicate with their clients and the judge or jury.

## Conclusion:
Civil litigation is an important part of the legal system that allows individuals and organizations to seek justice and compensation for harm done to them. By understanding the process and importance of evidence, attorneys can effectively represent their clients and help them achieve the best possible outcome.


text: VAT’s UP. Latest News Updates. VAT’s UP. KSA announces December 20, deadline for registration. The confusion surrounding the deadline for registration in Saudi Arabia has been set to rest. The deadline for mandatory registration for VAT in KSA has been set as December 20, 2017.. The Saudi VAT law, announced on July 28, mentioned a deadline of “30 days” from its publication without a specific date, sparking speculation from professional advisers and media that businesses liable to pay VAT had only until Aug. 26 or 27 to register.. “All companies, businesses or entities which make an annual taxable supply of goods and services in excess of SAR 375,000 are legally required to register for VAT by 20th December 2017,” the new government website has declared.. Read more at Bloomberg site

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Value Added Tax (VAT)

Lesson Overview:
Value Added Tax (VAT) is a type of consumption tax that is levied on goods and services at each stage of production or distribution. It is one of the most common types of indirect taxation used around the world. In this lesson, we will learn about what VAT is, how it works, and why it is important.

Target Audience: Primary through High School Students

Level: Beginner

Section 1: What is VAT?

**Definition:** VAT is a tax on goods and services that is charged at each stage of production or distribution. It is a form of indirect taxation, meaning that the tax is collected from the final consumer, rather than being paid directly by the producer or seller.

**Explanation:** When you buy something, you pay a certain amount of money called the price. However, the price you pay includes not only the cost of the product itself but also a percentage added on top, known as Value Added Tax (VAT). This tax is charged by the government and collected by the seller. The seller then pays the tax to the government.

**Example:** Let's say you buy a book for $10. If there is a 10% VAT on books, you will pay $11 (the price of the book plus the VAT). The seller will then pay 10% of $11 ($1.10) to the government as VAT.

Section 2: How does VAT work?

**Definition:** VAT is a tax on goods and services that is charged at each stage of production or distribution. It is a form of indirect taxation, meaning that the tax is collected from the final consumer, rather than being paid directly by the producer or seller.

**Explanation:** VAT works by adding a tax to goods and services at each stage of production or distribution. For example, if a company produces a product and sells it to another company, they will charge VAT on the sale price. That company will then add the VAT to the price of their own products when they sell them to consumers. This way, the tax is passed down throughout the entire production and distribution chain until it reaches the final consumer, who pays the full price including the VAT.

**Example:** Let's say a company produces a product and sells it to another company for $100. They charge a 10% VAT on the sale price, so they pay $110 ($100 + 10% of $100). When that company sells the product to a retail store for $200, they add a 10% VAT on the sale price, so they pay $220 ($200 + 10% of $200). Finally, when the retail store sells the product to a customer for $300, they add a 10% VAT on the sale price, so the customer pays $330 ($300 + 10% of $300).

Section 3: Why is VAT important?

**Definition:** VAT is important because it is one of the most common types of indirect taxation used around the world. It is also an important source of revenue for governments.

**Explanation:** VAT is important because it helps governments generate revenue to fund important programs and services. It is also an effective way to tax goods and services that are consumed, rather than taxing income or wealth. This means that people who consume more are taxed more, while those who consume less pay less.

**Example:** Let's say there are two families: Family A and Family B. Family A consumes a lot of expensive products, while Family B lives simply and does not consume much. If there is a 10% VAT on all goods and services, Family A will pay more in taxes than Family B because they consume more.

Glossary:
- Value Added Tax (VAT): A tax on goods and services that is charged at each stage of production or distribution.
- Indirect Taxation: A type of taxation where the tax is collected from the final consumer, rather than being paid directly by the producer or seller.
- Production: The process of creating goods or services.
- Distribution: The process of delivering goods or services to customers.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about what VAT is, how it works, and why it is important. We also learned about the importance of indirect taxation and how it is used to fund government programs and services. By understanding the basics of VAT, we can apply these concepts to other areas of economics and finance.