text: These fats are of lauric as well as non-lauric type and are produced by fractionation and hydrogenation. Filling fat has appropriate melting properties, which means it melts at mouth temperature which helps enhance the creamy flavor of confectionery items.. That’s why, Fat creams are often added as a filling in cookies, cream-filled cookies, wafers, chocolates, bakeable fillings, spreads and dressings, toffees, whipped filling etc. Filling fats are also quite stable without the problem of oil separation. These properties of Filling fat help control flavor release, making it possible to produce fat creams for use with a wide range of materials.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Make Filling Fats for Confectionery Items

**Introduction:**
Filling fats are an essential ingredient in many confectionery items such as cookies, cream-filled cookies, wafers, chocolates, bakeable fillings, spreads, and dressings, toffees, and whipped fillings. They are used to enhance the creamy flavor of these items and control flavor release. In this lesson, we will learn about the types of fats used in filling fats, their properties, and how they are produced.

**Types of Fats Used in Filling Fats:**
There are two types of fats used in filling fats - lauric and non-lauric. Lauric fats are derived from coconut oil while non-lauric fats are derived from other sources such as palm oil or vegetable oils.

**Properties of Filling Fats:**
Filling fats have specific properties that make them ideal for use in confectionery items. These properties include appropriate melting properties, which means they melt at mouth temperature, and stability without the problem of oil separation.

**Production of Filling Fats:**
Filling fats are produced by a process called fractionation and hydrogenation. Fractionation involves separating the different components of a fat or oil into their individual parts. Hydrogenation involves adding hydrogen to these components to make them more solid and stable.

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- Fractionation: The process of separating the different components of a fat or oil into their individual parts.
- Hydrogenation: The process of adding hydrogen to a fat or oil to make it more solid and stable.
- Melting point: The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid state.
- Stability: The ability of a substance to resist change over time.

**Practical Examples:**
1. A chocolate manufacturer wants to create a new type of chocolate that has a creamy texture. They decide to use filling fat as the base for their chocolate. They use fractionation and hydrogenation to produce a fat with appropriate melting properties that will enhance the creamy flavor of their confectionery item.
2. A cookie manufacturer wants to create a cookie that has a smooth and creamy filling. They decide to use filling fat as the filling in their cookies. They choose a fat with appropriate melting properties that will help enhance the creamy flavor of their confectionery item.

**Conclusion:**
In this lesson, we learned about the types of fats used in filling fats, their properties, and how they are produced. We also explored the theoretical concepts and practical examples of how filling fats are used in confectionery items. By understanding these concepts, we can apply our knowledge to create new and innovative confectionery items that appeal to a wide range of consumers.


text: A simple peeling effect also known as curling page or folded page in free downloadable psd format.. This freebie is actually a continuation of our curled page effect we posted before at our design blog. Well, this specific effect is widely used in today graphic and web design. This little element can turn any flat peace of art to a three dimensional one just like magic. All you have to do is to apply the affect to your designs to make them look more real and more interesting. Don’t say they are overused because everything in design can be used in a different way and make a different impression.. We added some textures and patterns to make the peel effect even more interesting. It is completely up to you to keep, edit, change or delete any of the elements in this design. Enjoy 🙂

source: refinedweb

textbook:
**Lesson: Creating a Peel Effect in Graphic Design**

## Section 1: Introduction

In graphic design, a peel effect is a technique used to create a three-dimensional (3D) look on a flat surface. This effect is often used in posters, flyers, and packaging designs to make them more eye-catching and attractive. In this lesson, we will learn how to create a peel effect using Adobe Photoshop.

## Section 2: Theory

The peel effect is created by applying a series of layers with different blending modes and opacity levels. By doing so, we can create the illusion of a 3D object that appears to be "peeling" off the surface.

## Section 3: Practice

1. Open Adobe Photoshop and create a new document with a size of 800px x 600px.
2. Select a photo or image that you want to add a peel effect to. You can use the "Place Embedded Content" feature to insert an image from another program or website.
3. Duplicate the layer by pressing Ctrl + J (Command + J on Mac).
4. Apply a different blending mode to the duplicate layer. For example, you can use "Overlay" for the first layer, "Soft Light" for the second layer, and "Hard Light" for the third layer.
5. Adjust the opacity of each layer to create the desired effect. You can use the opacity slider or enter a numerical value in the Opacity field.
6. Repeat steps 3-5 until you achieve the desired peel effect.
7. Save your work and export the image in the desired format.

## Section 4: Discussion

Why is the peel effect important in graphic design?

The peel effect is an important tool in graphic design because it adds depth and dimension to a flat surface. It can make a design stand out and grab the viewer's attention. Additionally, it can convey a sense of movement and dynamics, which can enhance the overall visual appeal of a design.

## Glossary

- Blending mode: A setting that determines how two layers interact with each other when combined.
- Opacity: The degree to which an object is visible or transparent.
- Overlay: A blending mode that darkens areas of the top layer that correspond to areas of the bottom layer.
- Soft Light: A blending mode that softens shadows and highlights, creating a more subtle effect.
- Hard Light: A blending mode that creates a harder, more contrasty effect.

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned how to create a peel effect in Adobe Photoshop. We discussed the theory behind the effect and practiced the steps needed to achieve it. By understanding the importance of the peel effect in graphic design, we can apply this skill to create visually appealing designs that capture the viewer's attention.


text: Clayton County to host back-to-school convocation. JONESBORO, Ga. -- Clayton County Public Schools will host a back-to-school convocation event this week.. Superintendent Dr. Edmond Heatley will address the convocation crowd beginning at 9 a.m. on Friday, Aug. 10. The event will last for roughly two hours and will also include a school supply giveaway.. RELATED | School supply lists for Clayton County. All supplies were donated by customers of local Chick-fil-A and Dwarf House restaurants. School representatives will get the opportunity to "shop" for them after Dr. Heatley's speech.. Convocation will be held at Tara Stadium on Battle Creek Road in Jonesboro.. Monday, Aug. 13 is the first day of school in Clayton County.

textbook:
Lesson: Back-to-School Convocation

Introduction:
A convocation is a gathering or meeting, especially one that involves official ceremonies. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of convocations, especially the back-to-school convocation.

Section 1: What is a Convocation?

**Definition:** A convocation is a formal assembly or meeting, usually for a special occasion such as a ceremony or lecture.

**Example:** A school may hold a convocation at the beginning of the academic year to welcome students and teachers and set the tone for the upcoming semester.

Section 2: The Importance of Back-to-School Convocation

**Purpose:** The purpose of a back-to-school convocation is to welcome students and teachers back to school, set goals and expectations for the upcoming year, and inspire and motivate everyone to work towards achieving those goals.

**Examples:** At a back-to-school convocation, the school superintendent may address the crowd and share their vision for the upcoming year, and teachers may introduce themselves and their classes to the students.

Section 3: Practical Examples Using Mathematical Abstractions and Real-World Scenarios

**Mathematical Abstraction:** Let's say that the school has 5,000 students and 300 teachers. How many people are expected to attend the convocation?

**Answer:** To find out, we need to add the number of students and teachers together: 5,000 + 300 = 5,300. Therefore, 5,300 people are expected to attend the convocation.

**Real-World Scenario:** Imagine that you are a teacher attending the convocation. How can you use what you learn at the convocation to improve your teaching methods?

**Answer:** You can use what you learn at the convocation to improve your teaching methods by incorporating new strategies and techniques into your lessons. For example, if the school superintendent shares their vision for personalized learning, you can implement this approach in your classroom by tailoring your instruction to meet the individual needs and interests of your students.

Glossary:
- Convocation: A formal assembly or meeting, usually for a special occasion such as a ceremony or lecture.
- Personalized Learning: An educational approach that tailors teaching and learning to the individual needs, strengths, and interests of each student.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, convocations are important events that help set the tone for the upcoming school year. By attending a back-to-school convocation, students and teachers can gain valuable insights and inspiration that can help them achieve their goals throughout the year.


text: Chief Engineer-Technologist Condor +. Russian Agricultural Bank, JSC. Realization of the project of introduction of Front-Office system Condor + (securities accounting).. Analyzing business requirements. Development of new business processes.. Selection of the optimal strategy for business process automation.. Development of technical specifications for the implementation and subsequent maintenance of the technologies.. Harmonization of technical requirements, configuration and testing of the implemented functionality.. Download raw data and reconciliation.. Development of integration solutions, customization, testing. (Bloomberg, Diasoft). The development of regulations documentation.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Business Process Automation

## Section 1: What is Business Process Automation?
Business Process Automation (BPA) refers to the use of technology to automate repetitive tasks and processes in an organization. This helps increase efficiency, reduce costs, and improve accuracy. BPA can be applied to various areas of a business, such as accounting, customer service, and inventory management.

## Section 2: Why is Business Process Automation Important?
BPA is important because it allows businesses to focus on more strategic tasks instead of spending time on manual and repetitive tasks. This results in increased productivity, improved accuracy, and better customer satisfaction. Additionally, BPA can help businesses save money by reducing the need for manual labor and minimizing errors.

## Section 3: How does Business Process Automation Work?
BPA works by using software or tools to automate tasks that would otherwise be done manually. For example, a business might use BPA to automate the process of entering financial transactions into an accounting system. This can be done by setting up rules and triggers that automatically populate fields in the system based on predefined criteria.

## Section 4: Types of Business Process Automation Tools
There are several types of BPA tools available, including:

1. Robotic Process Automation (RPA): RPA uses software bots to perform tasks that would normally be done by humans.
2. Business Process Management (BPM): BPM is a methodology that focuses on improving business processes by optimizing them for efficiency and effectiveness.
3. Integration Software: Integration software connects different systems and applications to enable seamless data exchange and process automation.

## Section 5: Examples of Business Process Automation
Examples of BPA include:

1. Automating invoice processing: Using BPA tools to scan and input invoices into an accounting system, eliminating the need for manual data entry.
2. Customer service chatbots: Implementing chatbots to handle simple customer service inquiries, freeing up human agents to handle more complex issues.
3. Inventory management: Using sensors and software to automatically track and manage inventory levels, reducing the need for manual counting and tracking.

## Section 6: Conclusion
In conclusion, Business Process Automation is a powerful tool that can help businesses streamline their operations and improve efficiency. By understanding the basics of BPA and the types of tools available, businesses can identify areas where automation can be applied to achieve significant benefits. As with any new technology, it is essential to carefully evaluate the potential benefits and risks before implementing BPA in your organization.


text: 2016-work smart, work digital. The second official DigiZH event took place in the Office LAB AG in Zürich.. Digital working was the main topic and the presentations explored the meaning of it from different points of view. We heard about cloud services for small businesses, how to stay relevant in the ocean of digital content & communication and digitalization of our lives. Reto Hafner completely changed perspectives, presenting the case of smart offices by pointing out the benefits of networking opportunities and increasing productivity. And remember…cubicles are dead!. The networking apero was presented in a special “Lab-setting”: all the drinks and snacks were contained in glasses and plates that reminded test tubes.

textbook:
Lesson: Digital Working

## Section 1: Introduction

Digital working is the practice of using digital tools and technology to complete work tasks. In today's world, it is becoming more and more common for people to use digital tools to work remotely or collaborate with others. This lesson will cover the basics of digital working, including the benefits and challenges of using digital tools.

## Section 2: Benefits of Digital Working

There are many benefits to using digital tools for work. Some of these benefits include:

1. Increased productivity: Digital tools can help you work faster and more efficiently. For example, using a cloud-based document sharing service can make it easier to collaborate with others and share information quickly.

2. Remote work: With digital tools, you can work from anywhere in the world. This can be especially useful for people who have to travel frequently or who live in different parts of the world.

3. Reduced costs: Using digital tools can save money on things like office space, supplies, and travel expenses.

4. Improved communication: Digital tools can make it easier to communicate with others, whether you are working with colleagues or clients.

5. Increased flexibility: Digital tools can help you work when and where you want. This can be especially useful for people who have busy schedules or who need to work around other commitments.

## Section 3: Challenges of Digital Working

While there are many benefits to using digital tools for work, there are also some challenges to consider. Some of these challenges include:

1. Technical issues: Digital tools can be prone to technical issues, such as software crashes or internet connectivity problems. These issues can disrupt your work and cause frustration.

2. Security concerns: Using digital tools can expose you to security risks, such as data breaches or cyberattacks. It is important to take steps to protect your information and keep your digital tools secure.

3. Isolation: Working digitally can be isolating, especially if you are used to working in an office environment with colleagues. It can be difficult to stay motivated and connected when you are working alone.

4. Distractions: Digital tools can also be a source of distraction, such as social media or email notifications. It can be challenging to stay focused and avoid distractions when working digitally.

## Section 4: Conclusion

In conclusion, digital working has many benefits, such as increased productivity and flexibility. However, there are also some challenges to consider, such as technical issues and isolation. By being aware of these challenges and taking steps to address them, you can successfully incorporate digital tools into your work routine.


text: Paper:. Investigation for Practical Use of Wobble Motor. Minoru Sakata, Katsumi Hosoya, and Masatoshi Ohba. Omron Corporation Wadai, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki, Japan. Many kinds of electrostatic motor using semiconductor process technique have been investigated recently. they succeeded in obtaining fairly ideal rotation. Since these motors are very small, it is very difficult to extract power out of them. Accordingly, we tried to fabricate the millorder wobble motor, considering the merits of electrostatic force compared to the other driving force, and investigate for practical use of wobble motor. In this paper, the results of torque-frequency characteristics tests are mainly described.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Electrostatic Motors

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of electrostatic motors, their working principles, and their applications.

**Grade Level:** Primary through High School

**Duration:** 45 minutes

**Materials:** None

**Introduction:** Electrostatic motors are a type of motor that uses an electrostatic force to produce rotation. These motors are very small and have many potential applications, including in electronic devices, medical equipment, and robotics. In this lesson, we will explore the basic principles behind electrostatic motors, their advantages over other types of motors, and some of the challenges associated with their use.

**Section 1: Theoretical Concepts**

1. What is an electrostatic motor?
An electrostatic motor is a type of motor that uses an electrostatic force to produce rotation. This force is generated by the attraction or repulsion of electric charges.

2. How does an electrostatic motor work?
An electrostatic motor consists of a rotor and a stator. The rotor contains a series of conductive plates that rotate around a central axis. The stator contains a series of stationary conductive plates that are arranged so that they create an electrostatic force on the rotor plates as they pass by. This force causes the rotor plates to rotate around the central axis.

3. What are the advantages of electrostatic motors?
There are several advantages to using electrostatic motors over other types of motors. These include:

- They are very small and lightweight, making them easy to incorporate into electronic devices and other systems.
- They are very quiet, producing little to no noise during operation.
- They can produce high torque at low speeds, making them suitable for use in applications where high torque is required.
- They are energy-efficient, consuming less power than other types of motors.

**Section 2: Practical Examples**

1. How are electrostatic motors used in real-world applications?
Electrostatic motors have many potential applications in a wide range of industries. Some examples include:

- Electronic devices: Electrostatic motors are commonly used in electronic devices such as hard disk drives, CD/DVD players, and printers.
- Medical equipment: Electrostatic motors are used in medical equipment such as blood analyzers, dialysis machines, and ventilators.
- Robotics: Electrostatic motors are used in robots for positioning and movement control.

2. How do electrostatic motors compare to other types of motors?
Electrostatic motors have some advantages over other types of motors, such as brushless DC motors and stepper motors. For example, they are smaller and lighter, which makes them easier to incorporate into electronic devices and other systems. However, they also have some disadvantages, such as their sensitivity to environmental factors like temperature and humidity.

**Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions**

1. What are some of the challenges associated with using electrostatic motors?
Some of the challenges associated with using electrostatic motors include:

- Sensitivity to environmental factors: Electrostatic motors are sensitive to changes in temperature and humidity, which can affect their performance.
- Limited torque output: Electrostatic motors typically have lower torque output compared to other types of motors, which may limit their usefulness in certain applications.
- Difficulty in fabrication: The fabrication of electrostatic motors requires specialized equipment and techniques, which can make them more difficult to produce compared to other types of motors.

**Conclusion:** In this lesson, we have explored the basic principles behind electrostatic motors, their advantages over other types of motors, and some of the challenges associated with their use. We have also looked at some real-world applications of electrostatic motors and compared them to other types of motors. By understanding these concepts, students can apply their knowledge to new problems and develop innovative solutions that leverage the unique properties of electrostatic motors.


text: Making a ring. After hearing great things about a new silver and palladium alloy I decided to give it a try. The palladium makes the material much nicer to work in whilst also giving it much better wearing properties. The hardness is at least double that of sterling silver (which is renowned for being very soft.. I had a lovely pear cut citrine floating around so thought I would make a nice high setting, creating an interesting cocktail style ring.. This "clean working" metal also allows fusing of joins which is fantastic for extra strength..

textbook:
Lesson: Making a Ring with Silver and Palladium Alloy

## Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about making a ring with silver and palladium alloy. We will cover the benefits of using this alloy, the steps involved in creating a ring, and some tips for success. By the end of this lesson, you will have a better understanding of how to create a beautiful and durable piece of jewelry.

## Section 1: Benefits of Using Silver and Palladium Alloy
Silver and palladium alloy is a popular choice among jewelers because of its unique properties. Here are some benefits of using this alloy when making a ring:

1. Durability: The addition of palladium makes the alloy much stronger and more durable than pure silver. It is resistant to tarnish and corrosion, making it ideal for everyday wear.
2. Easy to Work With: The "clean working" property of silver and palladium alloy allows for easy soldering and joining, making it easier to create intricate designs.
3. High Luster: The alloy has a high luster, which gives the finished piece a beautiful shine.
4. Versatility: Silver and palladium alloy can be used to create a wide range of styles, from classic to contemporary.

## Section 2: Steps Involved in Creating a Ring with Silver and Palladium Alloy
Creating a ring with silver and palladium alloy involves several steps. Here is an overview of the process:

1. Design: Start by sketching out your design on paper or using computer-aided design (CAD) software. Consider the shape, size, and style of the ring, as well as any additional details such as gemstones or engravings.
2. Casting: Once you have your design, create a wax model of the ring. This is done by melting and pouring the alloy into a mold.
3. Refining: The wax model is then refined and polished to create a smooth surface.
4. Casting Again: The refined wax model is then used to create a plaster mold, which is used to cast the final ring.
5. Finishing: The finished ring is polished and buffed to achieve a high shine.
6. Setting Stones: If your design includes gemstones, they are set into the ring using prongs or other settings.
7. Quality Control: Finally, the ring is inspected to ensure that it meets the highest standards of quality and craftsmanship.

## Section 3: Tips for Success
Here are some tips to help you succeed when making a ring with silver and palladium alloy:

1. Choose the Right Alloy: Look for an alloy that contains at least 50% palladium for maximum strength and durability.
2. Use Proper Tools: Invest in high-quality tools designed specifically for working with precious metals.
3. Practice Safety: Always wear safety gear such as gloves and eye protection when working with molten metals.
4. Take Your Time: Rushing can lead to mistakes, so take your time and focus on each step of the process.
5. Test Your Design: Before casting your design, create a wax model to test its fit and overall appearance.

## Glossary
- Palladium: A rare and lustrous silvery-white metal that is highly valued for its use in jewelry and other applications.
- Alloy: A mixture of two or more metals or elements, combined to create a new material with specific characteristics.
- Soldering: The process of joining two pieces of metal together by melting a filler metal that flows into the joint and bonds the pieces together.
- CAD: Computer-aided design, a software application that enables designers to create and modify graphics and visualizations of their designs.

## Conclusion
Making a ring with silver and palladium alloy is a rewarding experience that requires skill, patience, and attention to detail. By following the steps outlined in this lesson and practicing the tips for success, you can create a beautiful and durable piece of jewelry that will last for years to come.


text: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008. Sundance Daze. Sundance Film Festival. Park City Utah - Day 6. Ryan Fleck and Anna Boden renew our hope for American fiim with their newest collaboration, Sugar. The team behind Half Nelson and Gowanus, Brooklyn add to their sterling track record with this poetic and dramatic narrative film about a Dominican Republic youth with a rocket arm who strives to move to the United States to follow his dream of playing in Major League Baseball.. On a day of mourning for cinema, it is reassuring to see a film like Sugar, an exquisitely filmed, well acted and narratively bold film that takes a smart, and most important, human look at an Illegal immigrant and a story behind so many baseball players we see.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Storytelling in Film

Introduction:
Film is a powerful medium for storytelling. It allows us to experience the world from different perspectives, learn about other cultures, and understand complex issues. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of storytelling in film and how it can be used to convey meaningful messages.

Section 1: The Power of Storytelling

Topic: What is storytelling and why is it important in film?

Question: How does storytelling help us understand complex issues and connect with others?

Answer: Storytelling is a powerful tool for conveying information and ideas. It allows us to share experiences, emotions, and perspectives with others. Through storytelling, we can create empathy, raise awareness, and inspire action. In film, storytelling is essential for creating a compelling narrative that captures the audience's attention and conveys a message.

Example: In the film "Sugar," the directors use storytelling to show the struggles of a Dominican Republic youth who dreams of playing in Major League Baseball. By telling this story, they create empathy for the character and raise awareness about the challenges faced by many immigrants.

Section 2: The Elements of Storytelling

Topic: What are the key elements of a good story?

Question: How do characters, plot, and setting contribute to a compelling story?

Answer: A good story typically includes several key elements that work together to create a compelling narrative. These elements include characters, plot, and setting. Characters are the people or entities that drive the story forward. They should be relatable, complex, and have unique personalities that contribute to the overall story. The plot is the series of events that happen in the story, and it should be engaging, unpredictable, and have a clear beginning, middle, and end. Finally, the setting is the time and place where the story occurs, and it should be described in detail to help the audience visualize the story.

Example: In "Sugar," the main character, Miguel, is a complex and relatable character who dreams of playing in the MLB. The plot follows his journey to achieve this goal, and the setting is the impoverished neighborhoods of the Dominican Republic.

Section 3: Practical Examples

Topic: How can we use storytelling to convey important messages?

Question: Can you give an example of a film that uses storytelling to convey a message?

Answer: One example of a film that uses storytelling to convey a message is "The Help," which tells the story of African American maids working in white households in the early 1960s. The film explores themes of race, class, and gender, and it raises awareness about the challenges faced by these women. By telling their story, the film creates empathy for the characters and inspires viewers to take action against social injustice.

Conclusion:
Storytelling is a powerful tool for conveying information and ideas. In film, it is essential for creating a compelling narrative that captures the audience's attention and conveys a message. By using characters, plot, and setting, filmmakers can tell stories that resonate with viewers and inspire them to take action.

Glossary:
- Storytelling: The art of using words and images to tell a story
- Narrative: A story that is told or written
- Empathy: The ability to understand and share the feelings of another person
- Awareness: Knowledge or perception of a situation or issue
- Social justice: The fair and just treatment of individuals and groups in society

[**Note:** This lesson can be adapted for different levels, from primary school to high school, by adjusting the complexity of the language, examples, and exercises. The teacher can also tailor the lesson to specific topics or themes, such as immigration, sports, or social issues.]


text:
YaltaInternationalEconomic ForumInformation portal

+7 (812) 6430709

12 February
'18

A very big delegation from Germany and Austria to attend the Yalta Forum

“A very big delegation from Germany and Austria is planning to attend the upcoming YIEF. This year, these countries’ delegations are the Forum’s honorary foreign guests. More than 50 politicians, entrepreneurs, public figures and experts will take part in the Forum’s business and cultural events”, said Andrey Nazarov, co-chairman of the Organizing Committee of the 4th YIEF and co-chairman of the All-Russia Public Organization "Delovaya Rossiya".

The delegation will include MEPs and members of the Bundestag, Mr. Nazarov noted. “Many Bundestag members visiting the Russian Crimea for the first time are very interested in attending the ‘Russia and Europe. Bolstering Cooperation’ session and the ‘Future of the World’ plenary session. Currently, members of Alternative for Germany and The Left, as well as MPs from the Freedom Party of Austria are confirming their intentions”, said the co-chairman of the 4th YIEF. “In addition, we are expecting MEPs. I would like to note that German and Austrian politicians visited Crimea for the first time in the spring of 2016 to attend the 2nd YIEF.”

Discussions during the visit will focus on having the sanctions lifted and Russia’s relations with Germany and Austria restored. Members of the business community intend to consider possible joint projects in various economic sectors, including construction, engineering and tourism. The participants also plan to discuss religious issues and cultural cooperation and communicate with their compatriots living in Crimea.

Experts from Germany and Austria will join the standing International Expert Council of the Yalta International Economic Forum to be established during YIEF 2018. The Council will consist of economists, political scientists, members of business associations, entrepreneurs and politicians from more than 20 countries. It will work on a series of issues, including improving Crimea’s international image, Crimea’s integration into the global economy, the global transition to a digital economy and its concomitant challenges. During YIEF 2018, Council members will start developing scenarios for Syria’s economic and political revival.

The decision to make German and Austrian delegations honorary foreign guests of YIEF 2018 was adopted at the meeting of the YIEF Organizing Committee in October 2017. This status was held by the Italian delegation in 2017 and by the Greek delegation in 2016.

Contact information for media accreditation and to set up interviews with YIEF participants:

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to International Economic Forums

## Chapter 1: What is an International Economic Forum?

An international economic forum is a platform where leaders from different countries come together to discuss economic issues that affect their nations. These forums provide opportunities for countries to share ideas, knowledge, and experiences to improve their economies.

## Chapter 2: Importance of International Economic Forums

International economic forums are important because they help to:

1. Promote international cooperation: Countries can work together to solve global economic problems.

2. Share ideas: Countries can learn from each other's experiences and successes in managing their economies.

3. Attract investment: International forums provide a platform for countries to showcase their investment opportunities to potential investors.

4. Strengthen trade relationships: Countries can use these forums to negotiate trade deals and agreements that benefit everyone involved.

## Chapter 3: Types of International Economic Forums

There are several types of international economic forums, including:

1. World Economic Forum (WEF): This is an annual event held in Davos, Switzerland, where leaders from business, politics, academia, and civil society gather to discuss global economic issues.

2. G20 Summit: This is an annual meeting of finance ministers and central bank governors from the world's 20 major economies.

3. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Forum: This is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim countries to discuss economic and trade issues.

4. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD): This is a forum where countries discuss ways to promote development through trade, investment, and technology.

## Chapter 4: How to Participate in an International Economic Forum

To participate in an international economic forum, you must:

1. Be invited by the organizer of the forum.

2. Have relevant knowledge or experience in the field of economics.

3. Be able to communicate effectively in English (or the language of the forum).

4. Be willing to share your ideas and experiences with others.

## Chapter 5: Conclusion

International economic forums are important platforms for countries to discuss economic issues and work together to improve their economies. By participating in these forums, individuals can contribute to the global discussion on economic issues and learn from others' experiences.


text:
Azerbaijan, Turkey call on Georgia to eliminate delays in construction of BTK railway

It is planned to complete the construction of the Baku-Tbilisi-Kars (BTK) railway by late 2015, Turkey's Minister of Transport, Maritime and Communications, Lutfi Elvan told Trend on May 22.

The latest discussions on the project were held in Tbilisi with participation of Azerbaijani, Georgian and Turkish presidents, he said.

The minister underscored that although the work on the railway's Turkish section has been completed by over 80 percent, work in the Georgian territory is delayed.

"In particular, delays are observed in the construction of 2,700-2,800 meters long tunnels in Georgia," Elvan stressed.

He went on to add that Azerbaijan and Turkey have called on Georgia to complete the work in its territory.

The minister pointed out that a direct rail link will be created from London to Beijing after completing the construction of the Marmaray railway tunnel in Turkey and commissioning the Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railway.

Elvan stated that along with strengthening the relations between Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey, this project will also link all the countries from Central Asia to China.

The Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railway is being constructed on the basis of Georgian-Azerbaijani-Turkish inter-state agreement.

Azerbaijan has allocated a loan worth $775 million for construction of the railway's Georgian section. Azerbaijan's State Oil Fund (SOFAZ) carries out the funding of the project in accordance with the decree of Azerbaijani president 'On the implementation of the project activities of the Baku-Tbilisi-Kars' dated February 21, 2007.

It is planned to construct a new 105-kilometer branch of the railroad as part of the Baku-Tbilisi-Kars project. In addition, the railway's Akhalkalaki-Marabda-Tbilisi section will be reconstructed in Georgia, which will increase its capacity to 15 million tonnes of cargo per year. It is planned to build a post in Akhalkalaki for the transition of trains from the existing tracks in Georgia to the European ones.

The peak capacity of the corridor will be 17 million tonnes of cargo per year. This figure will be at the level of one million passengers and 6.5 million tonnes of cargo at the initial stage.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Transportation Networks

**Objective:** To understand the basic concepts of transportation networks, their importance in connecting countries, and the challenges faced in constructing them.

**Section 1: Theory**

- What is a transportation network?
- Why are transportation networks important?
- What are the challenges in constructing transportation networks?

**Section 2: Questions and Answers**

Q: What is an example of a transportation network?
A: An example of a transportation network is the Baku-Tbilisi-Kars (BTK) railway.

Q: How does a transportation network connect countries?
A: A transportation network connects countries by providing a means of transportation between them. This allows for the exchange of goods, services, and people, which helps to foster economic growth and cultural understanding.

Q: What are some common challenges in constructing transportation networks?
A: Some common challenges in constructing transportation networks include geographical obstacles, such as mountains and rivers, political disputes, funding, and environmental concerns.

**Section 3: Definitions**

- Transportation network: A system of roads, railways, waterways, and airports that connects different regions and countries.
- BTK railway: A transportation network that connects Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey.
- Marmaray railway tunnel: A tunnel in Turkey that will connect Europe and Asia when completed.

**Section 4: Practical Examples**

- The BTK railway is an example of a transportation network that connects three different countries. It is being constructed to improve trade and economic growth in the region.
- The Marmaray railway tunnel is another example of a transportation network that will connect Europe and Asia when completed. It will provide a direct rail link from London to Beijing.

**Section 5: Self-Debating Discussion**

- What are some other examples of transportation networks?
- How do transportation networks benefit society?
- What are some potential solutions to the challenges faced in constructing transportation networks?

**Conclusion**

Transportation networks are important for connecting countries and promoting economic growth and cultural understanding. However, there are many challenges involved in constructing these networks, such as geographical obstacles, political disputes, funding, and environmental concerns. By learning about the theory and practical examples of transportation networks, we can better understand their importance and potential solutions to the challenges they face.


text: .. With SocialBu, you never have to worry about missing any conversation on your social media. SocialBu helps you to respond to all your messages, comments, tweets, and posts from one place. You can also track any keyword or hashtag on your social media.. SM.. SocialBu allows you to get detailed insights about your social media performance so you can keep track of your social media performance.? SocialBu

textbook:
Lesson: How to Use Social Media Analytics to Improve Your Performance

Introduction:
Social media analytics is the process of analyzing data from social media platforms to understand what works and what doesn't. In this lesson, we will learn how to use social media analytics to improve our performance on social media. We will cover the following topics:

1. Understanding Social Media Analytics
2. Setting Up Social Media Analytics
3. Analyzing Social Media Analytics Data
4. Applying Social Media Analytics to Improve Performance
5. Conclusion

Section 1: Understanding Social Media Analytics

Topic 1: What is Social Media Analytics?
Social media analytics is the process of collecting and analyzing data from social media platforms to understand what works and what doesn't. It involves tracking metrics such as follower growth, engagement rates, and reach.

Topic 2: Why is Social Media Analytics Important?
Social media analytics is important because it helps us understand how our social media content is performing. By analyzing data, we can identify what works and what doesn't, which allows us to make informed decisions about our social media strategy.

Section 2: Setting Up Social Media Analytics

Topic 1: Choosing a Social Media Analytics Tool
There are many social media analytics tools available, such as Hootsuite, Sprout Social, and Buffer. Choose a tool that suits your needs and budget.

Topic 2: Connecting Social Media Accounts
Once you have chosen a social media analytics tool, connect your social media accounts to the tool. This will allow the tool to collect data on your behalf.

Section 3: Analyzing Social Media Analytics Data

Topic 1: Understanding Metrics
Social media analytics tools provide various metrics, such as follower growth, engagement rates, and reach. These metrics help us understand how our social media content is performing.

Topic 2: Interpreting Reports
Reports generated by social media analytics tools provide insights into how our social media content is performing. We should interpret these reports to identify trends and patterns.

Section 4: Applying Social Media Analytics to Improve Performance

Topic 1: Identifying Strengths and Weaknesses
By analyzing social media analytics data, we can identify our strengths and weaknesses. For example, if our engagement rate is low, we may need to focus more on creating engaging content.

Topic 2: Adjusting Our Social Media Strategy
Once we have identified our strengths and weaknesses, we can adjust our social media strategy accordingly. For example, if we find that our followers are not engaged with our content, we may need to focus more on creating content that resonates with our audience.

Conclusion:
Social media analytics is a powerful tool that can help us improve our performance on social media. By understanding social media analytics, setting up social media analytics, analyzing social media analytics data, and applying social media analytics to improve performance, we can make informed decisions about our social media strategy.


text: Put Northumberland wildlife on your Christmas wish list. Northumberland Wildlife Trust is calling on people to buy one less present this Christmas and back its Campaign for a Wilder Future appeal instead.. The appeal is part of a national campaign organised by the Royal Society of Wildlife Trusts, which is asking the Government to put nature at the heart of decision-making.. Any money donated to the campaign will be used to lobby local politicians for an Environment Act that has been promised by the Government, launch a co-ordinated social media campaign, create an interactive map of local green spaces and host a number of public meetings and events.. Sheila Sharp, head of marketing and fund-raising ringing the Trust on 0191 2846884.

textbook:
Lesson: Environmental Conservation

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of environmental conservation and how we can contribute to it. We will cover the following topics:

I. What is environmental conservation?
II. Why is environmental conservation important?
III. How can we contribute to environmental conservation?
IV. Conclusion

I. What is environmental conservation?
Environmental conservation refers to the preservation, protection, and restoration of the natural environment, including ecosystems, species, and natural resources. It involves taking actions to prevent the depletion of natural resources and the extinction of species.

II. Why is environmental conservation important?
Environmental conservation is important for several reasons:

1. To protect the planet's natural resources: Our planet has limited resources, and if we don't conserve them, they will run out. By conserving natural resources, we ensure that future generations can also enjoy them.

2. To maintain ecological balance: Every living being has a role to play in the ecosystem. When we destroy one species, it can lead to a chain reaction that affects the entire ecosystem.

3. To prevent climate change: Deforestation, pollution, and other human activities contribute to climate change, which can lead to extreme weather events, floods, droughts, and other problems. By conserving the environment, we can reduce our carbon footprint and mitigate the effects of climate change.

4. To promote sustainable development: Environmental conservation is essential for sustainable development. We need to ensure that our economic, social, and environmental needs are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

III. How can we contribute to environmental conservation?
There are several ways we can contribute to environmental conservation:

1. Reduce, reuse, and recycle: By reducing waste, reusing products, and recycling materials, we can reduce the amount of waste that goes into landfills and conserve natural resources.

2. Use energy-efficient appliances and light bulbs: By using energy-efficient appliances and light bulbs, we can reduce our energy consumption and lower our carbon footprint.

3. Plant trees: Trees absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, so planting trees is an excellent way to combat climate change.

4. Support conservation organizations: There are many organizations working towards environmental conservation. By supporting them, we can contribute to their efforts.

5. Spread awareness: Educate others about the importance of environmental conservation and encourage them to take action.

IV. Conclusion
Environmental conservation is crucial for the survival of our planet and future generations. By taking small steps such as reducing waste, using energy-efficient products, and supporting conservation organizations, we can make a significant impact. Let us all do our part to ensure a better future for ourselves and future generations.

Glossary:
- Environment: The natural world, which includes ecosystems, species, and natural resources.
- Natural resources: Resources that come from the environment, such as water, air, and minerals.
- Ecosystem: A community of living and non-living things interacting with each other in a specific environment.
- Climate change: Long-term shifts in temperatures, precipitation, and other atmospheric conditions, primarily caused by human activities.
- Sustainable development: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Self-Debating Discussion:
What is one thing you can do to contribute to environmental conservation?


text: BMW i3 image gallery Rear coach doors make access easy. Stylish interior made with sustainable materials. Tactile steering column mounted starter button and drive selector. Pop the 50:50 split seats down to create a vast flat loading area. Two isofix points add to the i3’s excellent safety. The unusual design of curves and angles. The nose of the car conceals storage for your charging cables. Blue accents appear on the grille, badges and on interior elements to great effect. Gloss black elements bring an ultra modern feel. Pure electric drive with instant acceleration. The i3 is part of the growing BMWi family.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Electric Cars

## Section 1: What are Electric Cars?

Electric cars are vehicles that run on electric power instead of gasoline or diesel. They produce zero emissions and are becoming increasingly popular as people look for ways to reduce their carbon footprint and save money on fuel costs.

## Section 2: How do Electric Cars Work?

Electric cars have an electric motor instead of a gas engine. This motor is powered by a rechargeable battery pack. When you press the accelerator, the motor converts electrical energy into motion, propelling the car forward. The battery can be charged by plugging the car into an outlet, either at home or at a public charging station.

## Section 3: Why are Electric Cars Good for the Environment?

Electric cars produce no tailpipe emissions, which means they don't contribute to air pollution. This is important because air pollution can cause respiratory problems and other health issues. Additionally, electric cars don't require gasoline, which means there's less need to drill for oil or transport it by truck or ship. This reduces the risk of oil spills and other environmental disasters.

## Section 4: How do Electric Cars Compare to Gasoline Cars?

Electric cars have some advantages over gasoline cars. For example, they are cheaper to operate since they don't require gasoline. They also have lower maintenance costs since they have fewer moving parts than internal combustion engines. However, electric cars can be more expensive upfront than gasoline cars since the cost of the battery pack is high. Additionally, electric cars may not be able to travel as far on a single charge as gasoline cars can on a single tank of gas.

## Section 5: Are Electric Cars Right for Me?

If you're interested in reducing your carbon footprint and saving money on fuel costs, an electric car may be right for you. However, you'll need to consider whether you have access to a charging station and whether you can afford the upfront cost of purchasing an electric car. Additionally, if you frequently travel long distances, you may want to consider a hybrid car or a plug-in hybrid car that can switch between electric power and gasoline power.

## Conclusion

In conclusion, electric cars are a great way to reduce your carbon footprint and save money on fuel costs. They work by converting electrical energy into motion, and they produce no tailpipe emissions. While they may have some disadvantages compared to gasoline cars, such as a higher upfront cost and limited range, they are still a great option for many people. By considering your needs and preferences, you can determine whether an electric car is right for you.


text: Art history screenings at Lostgens'. Step back to a decade ago as Lostgens' will be having art history screenings on VHS tapes (they're still in use apparently). Happening every Friday night, this round features a screening of ‘Robert Motherwell & the New York School’, which will then be followed by an informal lecture by KS Yuen. Entry is by donation.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Art History Screenings

Introduction:
Art history screenings are an important part of understanding and appreciating the history of art. They allow us to see works of art that we may not have been able to see otherwise, and they provide us with a deeper understanding of the context in which these works were created. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of art history screenings and how they can help us learn more about the history of art.

Section 1: The Importance of Art History Screenings
Art history screenings are important because they allow us to see works of art that we may not have been able to see otherwise. These screenings can show us works of art from different time periods, cultures, and styles. They can also show us works of art that are not available in museums or galleries.

Question: Why are art history screenings important?
Answer: Art history screenings are important because they allow us to see works of art that we may not have been able to see otherwise. These screenings can show us works of art from different time periods, cultures, and styles. They can also show us works of art that are not available in museums or galleries.

Section 2: How Art History Screenings Can Help Us Learn More About the History of Art
Art history screenings can help us learn more about the history of art by providing us with a visual representation of the art. We can see how the art has evolved over time and how it has been influenced by different cultures and styles. We can also learn about the artists themselves, their motivations, and their techniques.

Question: How can art history screenings help us learn more about the history of art?
Answer: Art history screenings can help us learn more about the history of art by providing us with a visual representation of the art. We can see how the art has evolved over time and how it has been influenced by different cultures and styles. We can also learn about the artists themselves, their motivations, and their techniques.

Section 3: Practical Examples Using Mathematical Abstractions and Real-World Scenarios
Let's say we are watching a screening of works by Pablo Picasso. We can see how his style evolved over time, from his early works that were more realistic to his later works that were more abstract. We can also see how he was influenced by different cultures and styles, such as African and Iberian art.

Question: How can we apply what we learn from art history screenings to new problems?
Answer: By understanding the history of art and how it has evolved over time, we can apply this knowledge to new problems in our own work. For example, if we are creating a new piece of art, we can draw inspiration from different styles and cultures to create something unique and meaningful.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, art history screenings are an important part of understanding and appreciating the history of art. They allow us to see works of art that we may not have been able to see otherwise, and they provide us with a deeper understanding of the context in which these works were created. By applying what we learn from these screenings to new problems, we can continue to grow and develop as artists and art enthusiasts.

Glossary:
- Art history screenings: a presentation of works of art on film or video
- Time periods: a duration of time with a defined beginning and end
- Cultures: a group of people who share common beliefs, customs, and artifacts
- Styles: a particular way of doing something
- Abstract: not representing or depicting a person, place, or thing in reality
- Realistic: resembling the world or life as it really is
- Motivations: reasons for doing something
- Techniques: a set of methods or procedures for achieving a particular goal


text: News & Tweets. The Juniors visit Newhaven Fort. PGL Netball Weekend. World Book Day. Day With A Difference 2020. The Towers News. The Towers News was a termly publication showcasing events and activities from the past term. You can view the last edition by clicking on the image. To view one of the previous editions, click here.. Snailspace. The Towers was a proud sponsor of Snailspace, a fundraising campaign initiated by Martlets Hospice. Click above to see all we did.

textbook:
Lesson: Extracting Core Values from Text

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to extract core values from text. This is an essential skill for understanding and analyzing information. We will use the input text as an example to demonstrate the process.

Section 1: Understanding the Text

The first step in extracting core values from text is to understand what the text is about. In this case, the text is about a newsletter called "The Towers News" that is published termly. It showcases events and activities from the past term.

Questions:
- What is the purpose of "The Towers News"?
- Who is the target audience?
- What kind of information does it contain?

Answers:
- The purpose of "The Towers News" is to showcase events and activities from the past term.
- The target audience is likely the community or stakeholders of the organization that publishes it.
- It contains information about events and activities that have taken place in the past term.

Section 2: Identifying Core Values

Now that we understand the text, we can start identifying the core values that it communicates. These are the main ideas or messages that the text conveys.

Core Value:
- Communication: "The Towers News" serves as a means of communication between the organization and its stakeholders, sharing information about past events and activities.

Section 3: Applying Core Values

Once we have identified the core values, we can apply them to different scenarios. For example, if we were to analyze a company's newsletter, we could look for core values such as transparency, innovation, or customer satisfaction.

Example:
- If we were analyzing a company's newsletter, we could look for evidence of transparency in the way they communicate their practices and policies.
- We could also look for evidence of innovation in the products or services they offer.
- Finally, we could look for evidence of customer satisfaction by analyzing feedback and reviews from customers.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to extract core values from text. By understanding the text and identifying its core values, we can apply this knowledge to analyze other forms of communication. Remember to ask questions, look for evidence of core values, and apply these values to different scenarios.

Glossary:
- Core values: Main ideas or messages that the text conveys.
- Transparency: The quality of being open, honest, and easy to understand.
- Innovation: The process of making changes or introducing new methods, ideas, or products.
- Customer satisfaction: The feeling of pleasure or happiness that a customer experiences after purchasing or consuming a product or service.

Self-Debate Discussion:
How can we ensure that our analysis of a company's newsletter is accurate and comprehensive?


text: A look at the data from France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the USA shows that dry food is popular above all with dog owners, with the exception of the United Kingdom and Germany. In these countries, moist food has a small advantage over dry food. In the USA and France in particular, the differences in sales of moist and dry food are striking. In a study for the US market, market research company Packaged Facts found that super-premium products generated the most sales, with natural recipes in particular demand.. The figures for 2021 are awaited with interest. Those familiar with the pet product trade expect sales to increase by five to seven per cent, and even a double-digit increase in the treat segment.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Market Research

**Objective:** To understand the importance of market research in business decision-making and how it helps in analyzing consumer behavior and preferences.

**Overview:** Market research is the process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data about a market, consumers, or competitors. It helps businesses understand their target audience, identify trends, and make informed decisions about product development, marketing strategies, and pricing.

**Section 1: Importance of Market Research**

Market research is crucial for any business that wants to succeed in today's competitive market. It provides valuable insights into consumer behavior, preferences, and needs, which can help businesses create products and services that meet those needs. Some of the benefits of market research include:

- Understanding consumer behavior and preferences
- Identifying gaps in the market
- Measuring customer satisfaction
- Assessing the potential of new products or services
- Evaluating the effectiveness of marketing campaigns

**Section 2: Types of Market Research**

There are two main types of market research: primary and secondary research. Primary research involves collecting original data directly from consumers through surveys, focus groups, or interviews. Secondary research involves using existing data from sources such as government reports, industry publications, or online databases.

**Section 3: Conducting Market Research**

To conduct market research, businesses need to develop a research plan that outlines the objectives, research methods, and data collection techniques. They also need to identify the target audience, develop survey questions or interview guides, and choose the appropriate research method (e.g., online surveys, telephone interviews, or in-person focus groups).

**Section 4: Analyzing and Interpreting Data**

Once the data has been collected, businesses need to analyze and interpret it to draw meaningful conclusions. They can use statistical software or hire a market research firm to help them analyze the data. The results should be presented in a clear and concise manner, with charts, graphs, and tables to help visualize the data.

**Section 5: Applying Market Research Findings**

The findings of market research should be used to inform business decisions. For example, if the research shows that consumers prefer natural ingredients in pet food, a company may decide to develop a line of super-premium natural pet food products.

**Conclusion:** Market research is an essential tool for businesses looking to stay competitive in today's market. By understanding consumer behavior and preferences, businesses can create products and services that meet those needs and ultimately drive sales and profits.

**Glossary:**
- Market research: the process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data about a market, consumers, or competitors
- Primary research: collecting original data directly from consumers through surveys, focus groups, or interviews
- Secondary research: using existing data from sources such as government reports, industry publications, or online databases
- Consumer behavior: the actions and decision-making processes that individuals go through when choosing, using, and disposing of products or services
- Preferences: a person's likes or dislikes, especially when regarded as guiding their choices.


text: $49.00. Classic Mercury Glass Pendant Lighting by Vagabond Vintage features an industrial style glass shade with cloth cord and plug. Perfect versatile lighting for your kitchen as we love the visual interest these pendant lights give off. Place these classic mercury pendant lighting over your kitchen island or above your sink as they add just the right lighting detail to your room. Measures 6.5 x 6.5 106 inch length cord 60 Watt May be professionally wired. Classic Mercury Glass Pendant Lighting! »

textbook:
**Lesson: Introduction to Personal Finance**

**Section 1: Basic Concepts**

In this lesson, we will learn about personal finance, which is the process of managing your money to achieve your financial goals. This includes budgeting, saving, investing, and retirement planning. Personal finance is an essential skill that everyone should learn to live a financially stable life.

**Section 2: Budgeting**

Budgeting is the first step in personal finance. It involves creating a plan to spend your money wisely and save for future goals. A budget helps you control your spending and avoid overspending. To create a budget, you need to track your income and expenses.

**Section 3: Saving**

Saving is another important aspect of personal finance. It involves setting aside a portion of your income for future use. You can save for short-term goals like buying a car or a house, or long-term goals like retirement. To save money, you need to create a savings plan and stick to it.

**Section 4: Investing**

Investing involves putting your money into assets like stocks, bonds, and real estate to earn a return. Investing is a great way to grow your wealth over time. However, it also involves risk, so you need to do your research before investing your money.

**Section 5: Retirement Planning**

Retirement planning is an essential part of personal finance. It involves saving for your retirement so that you can live comfortably when you stop working. You can save for retirement through a 401(k) plan, an IRA, or other retirement accounts.

**Glossary**

- Budget: A plan to spend your money wisely and save for future goals.
- Savings: Money set aside for future use.
- Investment: Putting your money into assets like stocks, bonds, and real estate to earn a return.
- Retirement: The period when you stop working and live off your savings.

**Conclusion**

Personal finance is an essential skill that everyone should learn to live a financially stable life. By budgeting, saving, investing, and planning for retirement, you can achieve your financial goals and live a comfortable life. Remember to always do your research and make informed decisions when it comes to your money.


text: Additive manufacturing. David Eatock - Airbus Group Innovations UK. Venue: UWE - Room 1R026 - Use car park 23 at the North entrance off Filton Road. Please register via this link. Tuesday March 15, 2016 at 19:30. Airbus Group has been developing additive manufacturing for many years since early adoption in wind tunnel models and rapid prototyping. Today Airbus is in the process of qualifying metallic flying parts. The presentation will describe the additive manufacturing technology that Airbus is focused on and the journey from early research and model making through to qualified flying parts design and manufacture.. The talk will be followed by a discussion and buffet.. Members and non-members are welcome.

textbook:
**Lesson: Additive Manufacturing**

**Introduction:**

Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is a process of creating three-dimensional objects by adding material layer by layer. It has become an essential tool in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, medical, and engineering. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of additive manufacturing, its applications, and the benefits it offers.

**Section 1: Theoretical Concepts**

**Q1: What is additive manufacturing?**

A1: Additive manufacturing is a process of creating three-dimensional objects by adding material layer by layer. It starts with a digital model, which is then sliced into thin layers. The printer adds material to each layer, building up the object layer by layer.

**Q2: How does additive manufacturing work?**

A2: Additive manufacturing works by using a computer-controlled printer that deposits material layer by layer. The printer reads the digital model and slices it into thin layers. It then adds material to each layer, building up the object layer by layer. The material is usually a plastic filament or metal powder.

**Q3: What are the types of additive manufacturing?**

A3: There are several types of additive manufacturing, including fused deposition modeling (FDM), stereolithography (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), digital light processing (DLP), and inkjet printing. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, depending on the material, resolution, and complexity of the object being printed.

**Section 2: Applications and Benefits**

**Q4: What are the applications of additive manufacturing?**

A4: Additive manufacturing has various applications across different industries. Some of the common applications include prototyping, tooling, and manufacturing of end-use parts. It is also used in aerospace, automotive, medical, and engineering industries for creating complex geometries, reducing weight, and improving performance.

**Q5: What are the benefits of additive manufacturing?**

A5: The benefits of additive manufacturing include reduced lead time, lower costs, improved quality, increased innovation, and customization. It allows for faster prototyping and reduces the need for tooling, which can save time and money. Additionally, it enables the creation of complex geometries that would be difficult or impossible to produce using traditional manufacturing methods.

**Section 3: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios**

**Q6: Can you provide a practical example of additive manufacturing?**

A6: Sure! One practical example of additive manufacturing is creating a replacement part for a machine. Suppose a machine part breaks, and the original manufacturer is no longer in business. With additive manufacturing, the broken part can be scanned or reverse-engineered, and a new one can be printed using the digital model. This saves time and money compared to having to find a replacement part from another supplier or redesigning the entire machine.

**Q7: How is additive manufacturing used in the aerospace industry?**

A7: In the aerospace industry, additive manufacturing is used to create lightweight, complex parts for aircraft and rockets. For example, some aircraft engines use 3D-printed fuel nozzles that are lighter and more efficient than traditional ones. Additionally, additive manufacturing allows for the creation of complex geometries, such as heat exchangers and engine components, which can improve performance and reduce costs.

**Glossary**

- Additive manufacturing: A process of creating three-dimensional objects by adding material layer by layer.
- Digital model: A virtual representation of an object created using computer-aided design (CAD) software.
- Slicing: The process of dividing a digital model into thin layers for additive manufacturing.
- Material: The substance used in additive manufacturing, such as plastic filament or metal powder.
- Resolution: The level of detail in a 3D print.
- Complexity: The degree of difficulty in creating a 3D print.
- Geometry: The shape and arrangement of the surface of an object.
- Lead time: The time it takes to complete a project from start to finish.
- Tooling: The process of creating molds or dies for manufacturing.
- End-use parts: Final products that are meant to be used, not just for testing or prototyping.
- Prototyping: Creating a preliminary model of a product to test its functionality and design.
- Customization: The ability to create unique or personalized items.
- Reduce weight: Using lighter materials in additive manufacturing can reduce the overall weight of an object.
- Improve performance: Additive manufacturing allows for the creation of complex geometries that can improve the performance of an object.

**Conclusion**

Additive manufacturing is a powerful tool that has revolutionized the way we create and manufacture objects. By understanding the basics of additive manufacturing, its applications, and benefits, we can apply these skills to new problems and challenges in various industries. Whether it's creating a replacement part for a machine or designing complex geometries for aerospace components, additive manufacturing offers a wide range of possibilities for innovation and customization.


text: Desde Cozumel: tour expreso a las ruinas mayas de Tulum. Duración:. Tour Finder is your local expert for finding and choosing only the best things to do for cruise ship passengers and hotel guests on Cancun and the Mayan Riviera. Our goal is to connect our customers with extraordinary experiences through a friendly and carefree online marketplace for their dream vacation come true. We are native locals, we grew with the development of our homeland and we witnessed it to become a world-favorite destination. We are your local experts.

textbook:
**Lesson: Introduction to Mayan Ruins**

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Mayan ruins are the remains of ancient Mayan cities that were once thriving centers of civilization. These ruins can be found throughout Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras. They provide valuable insights into the history, culture, and achievements of the Mayan people.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
One example of Mayan ruins is the city of Chichen Itza, located in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. This site features impressive stone temples, ball courts, and other structures that showcase the architectural prowess of the Mayans. Another example is the city of Tikal, located in modern-day Guatemala, which was once home to over 100,000 people and boasted impressive palaces, temples, and other buildings.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Mayan ruins offer a unique glimpse into the past and can provide valuable lessons about history, culture, and archaeology. By visiting these sites, students can gain a deeper appreciation for the achievements of the Mayan people and the challenges they faced. Additionally, studying Mayan ruins can help students develop critical thinking skills as they analyze evidence and draw conclusions about the lives of people who lived centuries ago.

## Glossary
- Mayan: An ancient civilization that flourished in Mesoamerica from around 2000 BCE to the 16th century CE.
- Ruins: The remains of a city or structure that has been abandoned or destroyed.
- Archaeology: The study of human activity in the past, particularly through the excavation and analysis of artifacts.

## Conclusion
By studying Mayan ruins, students can gain a deeper understanding of the history and culture of the Mayan people. Through analyzing the remains of ancient cities, students can develop critical thinking skills and learn about the challenges faced by people who lived centuries ago. By applying these skills to new problems, students can continue to learn and grow as thinkers and learners.


text: By continuing you accept that Ecophon uses cookies. Here you can find general information about acoustics and sound. Everyone is not familiar with acoustics but everyone is affected by it. What is the difference between sound absorption and sound insulation?. Take a quick course in the relevant aspects of sound.. What to consider when choosing the right sound absorption.. Absorbing the sound in the room can contribute to improve sound insulation requirements.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Acoustics

## Section 1: What is Acoustics?
Acoustics is the study of sound and its properties. Sound is created by vibrations that travel through the air or other media and can be heard when they reach our ears. Acoustics helps us understand how these vibrations are produced, how they travel, and how they affect the world around us.

## Section 2: Sound Absorption and Sound Insulation
Sound absorption refers to the process of reducing the amount of sound energy that reflects off a surface. This is done by using materials that absorb sound waves, such as soft furnishings or acoustic panels. Sound insulation, on the other hand, refers to the process of preventing sound from passing through a material or structure. This is typically achieved through the use of dense materials, such as concrete or brick, which do not allow sound to pass through easily.

## Section 3: Types of Acoustic Materials
There are many different types of materials that can be used to improve acoustics in a space. These include:

- Absorptive materials: These materials absorb sound waves and reduce reverberation in a room. Examples include acoustic panels, curtains, and rugs.
- Reflective materials: These materials reflect sound waves and can increase the volume of sound in a room. Examples include hard surfaces like walls and floors.
- Translucent materials: These materials allow light to pass through while also absorbing sound waves. Examples include glass and translucent curtains.

## Section 4: Choosing the Right Acoustic Materials
When choosing acoustic materials for a space, there are several factors to consider:

- Room size: Larger rooms require more absorption to reduce reverberation.
- Room shape: Different shapes require different types of acoustic treatment.
- Surface materials: Hard surfaces will reflect sound and increase reverberation, while soft surfaces will absorb sound.
- Budget: Acoustic materials range in price, so it's important to choose materials that fit within your budget.

## Section 5: Applying Acoustics in Real Life
Acoustics plays an important role in many industries, including architecture, music, and film. By understanding the principles of acoustics, professionals can design spaces that are comfortable and functional for their intended use. For example, an auditorium should have good sound insulation to prevent outside noise from interfering with performances, while also having good sound absorption to reduce reverberation and improve clarity.

## Glossary
- Absorption: The process of reducing the amount of sound energy that reflects off a surface.
- Insulation: The process of preventing sound from passing through a material or structure.
- Reverberation: The persistence of sound after the sound source has stopped.
- Reflection: The bouncing of sound waves off a surface.
- Absorption coefficient: A measure of how well a material absorbs sound.
- Sound pressure level: A measure of the intensity of a sound.

Conclusion:
Understanding acoustics is important for creating comfortable and functional spaces. By considering factors such as room size, shape, and surface materials, we can choose the right acoustic materials to improve sound quality and reduce reverberation. Whether you're designing a concert hall or a home theater, knowledge of acoustics can help you create a space that sounds great.


text: Research shows that checking for understanding is perhaps one of the most important components of a teaching sequence. Most teachers provide instruction on a topic and follow up with some questions. On a good day, 4–5 students may volunteer and respond with the correct answers. The teacher then assumes that the majority of the class understands the concept and can handle a homework assignment. The teacher then moves on to the next topic.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Checking for Understanding in the Classroom

**Introduction:** In this lesson, we will explore the importance of checking for understanding in the classroom. We will discuss why it is essential, the different methods that can be used, and the benefits of incorporating it into your teaching practice. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to effectively check for understanding and ensure that your students are learning the material.

**Section 1: Why Checking for Understanding is Important**

Checking for understanding is crucial because it allows teachers to assess whether their students have grasped the material being taught. It also helps teachers identify areas where students may be struggling and adjust their instruction accordingly. Additionally, checking for understanding promotes a classroom culture of collaboration and active learning. When students know that their thoughts and ideas are valued, they become more engaged in the learning process.

**Section 2: Methods for Checking for Understanding**

There are several methods that teachers can use to check for understanding. Some of these methods include:

1. Questioning: Asking students questions about the material being taught is an effective way to check for understanding. Teachers can ask open-ended questions that require students to think critically and apply the material to real-world situations.

2. Discussion: Encouraging students to engage in discussions about the material being taught is another way to check for understanding. This method allows students to share their thoughts and ideas with their peers, which can lead to a deeper understanding of the material.

3. Writing: Having students write about the material being taught is another method for checking for understanding. This method allows teachers to assess whether students can articulate their thoughts and ideas in writing.

4. Group Work: Assigning group projects or collaborative activities is another way to check for understanding. By working together, students can help each other understand the material being taught.

**Section 3: Benefits of Checking for Understanding**

Incorporating checking for understanding into your teaching practice has several benefits. Some of these benefits include:

1. Improved Student Learning: When teachers check for understanding, they can identify areas where students may be struggling and provide targeted support to help them succeed.

2. Increased Engagement: When students know that their thoughts and ideas are valued, they become more engaged in the learning process.

3. Better Classroom Management: When teachers check for understanding, they can address misconceptions and misunderstandings before they become major issues.

4. Improved Student Confidence: When students know that their thoughts and ideas are valued, they become more confident in their abilities to learn.

**Conclusion:** In conclusion, checking for understanding is an essential component of effective teaching. By incorporating it into your teaching practice, you can improve student learning, increase engagement, better manage your classroom, and improve student confidence. Remember to use a variety of methods to check for understanding, and always be open to adjusting your instruction based on the feedback you receive from your students.

**Glossary:**
- Collaborative: Working together towards a common goal
- Misconceptions: Errors in understanding
- Open-ended questions: Questions that require more than a simple yes or no answer
- Real-world situations: Situations that occur in everyday life
- Targeted support: Support that is specifically designed to address a particular issue or need

**Self-Debate Discussion:** How might checking for understanding impact the learning experience in your classroom? What methods might you use to check for understanding? How might incorporating checking for understanding into your teaching practice benefit your students?


text: HARRISBURG, Pa. -- Female lawmakers in Pennsylvania are showing solidarity with victims of sexual misconduct.. During a press conference on Monday, women from the state House and Senate discussed the importance of fighting back against sexual harassment and abuse in the workplace. They introduced several pieces of legislation to combat sexual misconduct in Pennsylvania.. "We need to set new rules and guidelines to send a message that there are consequences for these types of actions," said Rep. Patty Kim, 103rd district. "One can visit the Capitol complex and experience this historic building and witness professional interactions among members, the public, and staff members. Those who work here on a daily basis, all you need to do is scratch the surface and you will learn of a subculture that exists and has been around for decades.". One of the proposed bills would eliminate non-disclosure agreements, which ensure secrecy between accusers and victims after a settlement is reached.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Sexual Harassment in the Workplace

Introduction:
Sexual harassment is a serious issue that affects many people in the workplace. It is important to understand what sexual harassment is, how to recognize it, and what steps can be taken to prevent it. In this lesson, we will explore the definition of sexual harassment, the impact it has on victims, and the laws that protect them. We will also discuss strategies for preventing sexual harassment in the workplace.

Section 1: What is Sexual Harassment?

Sexual harassment is any unwanted sexual advance or conduct that creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment. It can include verbal or physical acts such as unwanted touching, sexual jokes, or comments about someone's appearance or gender.

Questions and Answers:
- What is considered sexual harassment?
- Can sexual harassment happen between people of the same gender?
- Is it always intentional?

Definition:
Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination that violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It includes unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature.

Example:
A coworker constantly makes sexually suggestive comments to a colleague, even though they have told him multiple times that they are not interested. This behavior creates a hostile work environment and is considered sexual harassment.

Section 2: Impact of Sexual Harassment

Sexual harassment can have a significant impact on victims, both personally and professionally. It can cause emotional distress, anxiety, depression, and even post-traumatic stress disorder. Victims may feel powerless, ashamed, or fearful of retaliation if they report the harassment.

Questions and Answers:
- What are the effects of sexual harassment on victims?
- How does it impact their work performance?
- What can be done to support victims?

Definition:
Sexual harassment can lead to decreased job satisfaction, absenteeism, and turnover. It can also negatively affect team dynamics and productivity.

Example:
A woman is repeatedly harassed by her supervisor, who makes lewd comments and touches her without consent. She becomes anxious and stressed, leading to decreased productivity and difficulty concentrating at work. Eventually, she quits her job because she cannot stand the harassment any longer.

Section 3: Preventing Sexual Harassment

Preventing sexual harassment in the workplace requires a proactive approach from both employers and employees. Employers should establish clear policies against sexual harassment and provide training to all employees. Employees should be encouraged to report incidents of harassment and feel confident that their complaints will be taken seriously.

Questions and Answers:
- What can employers do to prevent sexual harassment?
- What can employees do to prevent sexual harassment?
- How can we create a culture of respect in the workplace?

Definition:
Preventing sexual harassment involves creating a workplace culture that values respect, equality, and professionalism. This includes providing training, enforcing policies, and promoting open communication.

Example:
An employer provides mandatory sexual harassment training to all employees during orientation. They also establish a clear policy against sexual harassment and provide multiple channels for employees to report incidents. This creates a culture of respect and professionalism, where employees feel safe and supported.

Conclusion:
Sexual harassment is a serious issue that affects many people in the workplace. By understanding what constitutes sexual harassment, recognizing its impact on victims, and implementing strategies to prevent it, we can create a safer and more respectful work environment for everyone.


text:
Does anyone know the size of the Crankshaft front end nut (Starter Jaws Nut for engaging Starter Handle). I have discovered that mine has a stripped thread and was refitted in the past using a Helicoil insert, which has now come adrift. I therefore need to purchase a nut of the correct size and thread, no need for the Starter Jaws aspect, as oil cooler under the radiator blocks the access anyway.

The spare starter dog bolt I have is from a Commer but I'm almost certain it's the same crank. The measurement across the flats is (as near as damn it) 1 1/4"

or just over 32mm

The thread on the bolt has an outside diameter of 3/4" but if your crank has been drilled out and helicoiled then obviously it will be different in the crank. Are you thinking of getting a new bolt made up to match the thread in the crank of will you be fitting a new helicoil?

textbook:
Lesson: How to Measure and Replace Engine Parts

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the process of measuring and replacing engine parts. We will cover the steps involved in determining the correct size and thread of a part, as well as the tools and materials needed for the job. Additionally, we will discuss the importance of accurately measuring and selecting the appropriate replacement part to ensure proper fit and function.

Section 1: Measuring Engine Parts
Topic 1: Identifying the Part to be Replaced
- Describe the process of identifying the part that needs to be replaced
- List the common symptoms that indicate a part may need to be replaced
- Explain how to locate the part in question using a parts manual or diagram

Topic 2: Measuring the Part
- Describe the tools and materials needed to measure an engine part
- Explain how to measure the dimensions of a part, including length, width, and thickness
- Discuss the importance of taking accurate measurements to ensure proper fit and function

Topic 3: Comparing Measurements to OEM Specifications
- Describe how to compare measured dimensions to manufacturer specifications
- Explain why it is important to use original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specifications when selecting replacement parts
- List common issues that can arise when using aftermarket or non-OEM parts

Section 2: Selecting the Correct Replacement Part
Topic 1: Determining the Size and Thread of the Part
- Describe how to determine the size and thread of a part based on its application and function
- Explain why it is important to select a part with the correct size and thread to ensure proper fit and function
- List common tools and materials used to measure and identify the correct size and thread of a part

Topic 2: Selecting the Appropriate Replacement Part
- Describe how to select the appropriate replacement part based on the part's application and function
- Explain why it is important to choose a part that is compatible with the vehicle and engine type
- List common factors to consider when selecting a replacement part, such as material composition, durability, and cost

Section 3: Replacing the Engine Part
Topic 1: Preparing the Engine for Replacement
- Describe the steps involved in preparing the engine for replacement of a part
- Explain why it is important to clean and inspect the engine before beginning the replacement process
- List common tools and materials needed to prepare the engine for replacement

Topic 2: Replacing the Part
- Describe the steps involved in replacing the part, including disassembly, installation, and reassembly
- Explain why it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations when replacing a part
- List common mistakes to avoid when replacing a part, such as using the wrong size or thread, or damaging surrounding components

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have learned about the process of measuring and replacing engine parts. We covered the steps involved in determining the correct size and thread of a part, as well as the tools and materials needed for the job. Additionally, we discussed the importance of accurately measuring and selecting the appropriate replacement part to ensure proper fit and function. By following these guidelines, we can ensure that our engine runs smoothly and efficiently.

Glossary:
- Parts manual: A book or document that contains information about the parts and components of a machine or vehicle
- OEM: Original equipment manufacturer; a company that produces parts and components for a specific vehicle or machine
- Dimensions: Measurements of a part, such as length, width, and thickness
- Thread: The pattern of ridges on a screw or bolt that allows it to be fastened to another material
- Specifications: Detailed information about the design and characteristics of a product or component
- Durability: The ability of a part to withstand wear, tear, and damage over time
- Compatibility: The ability of a part to work properly with other parts or components in a system or vehicle.


text: I’m extremely pleased to announce that the. sergeant package is now on CRAN or will be hitting your local CRAN mirror soon.. sergeant provides JDBC, DBI and. dplyr/. dbplyr interfaces to Apache Drill. I’ve also wrapped a few goodies into the. dplyr custom functions that work with Drill and if you have Drill UDFs that don’t work “out of the box” with. sergeant‘s. dplyr interface, file an issue and I’ll make a special one for it in the package.. I’ve written about drill on the blog before so check out those posts for some history and stay tuned for more examples. The README should get you started using. sergeant and/or Drill (if you aren’t running Drill now, take a look and you’ll likely get hooked).. I’d like to take a moment to call out special thanks to Edward Visel for bootstrapping the. dbplyr update to. sergeant when the. dplyr/. dbplyr interfaces split. It saved me loads of time and really helped the progress of this package move faster towards a CRAN...

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Apache Drill

## Section 1: What is Apache Drill?
Apache Drill is an open-source software tool that allows users to query data stored in distributed file systems and databases. It was developed by Apache Software Foundation and is used for data analysis and processing.

## Section 2: Why use Apache Drill?
There are several reasons why you might want to use Apache Drill. Firstly, it is designed to handle large datasets, making it ideal for big data analytics. Secondly, it supports a wide range of file formats and databases, including Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), Amazon S3, and MongoDB. Finally, it has a simple and intuitive syntax that makes it easy to use, even for those without a strong technical background.

## Section 3: How does Apache Drill work?
Apache Drill works by connecting to a distributed file system or database and then executing queries against the data stored within it. It uses a distributed architecture that allows it to scale horizontally, meaning that it can handle large amounts of data without sacrificing performance. Additionally, Drill is designed to be highly parallelized, allowing it to process data quickly and efficiently.

## Section 4: Getting started with Apache Drill
To get started with Apache Drill, you will need to install it on your computer. You can do this by following the instructions provided on the Apache Drill website. Once you have installed Drill, you can connect to a distributed file system or database and begin executing queries.

## Section 5: Practical examples using mathematical abstractions and real-world scenarios
Let's consider a practical example. Suppose we have a dataset containing information about the sales of a company over a certain period of time. We want to analyze this data to see which products are selling well and which are not. We can use Apache Drill to query this data and obtain the necessary insights. Here is an example query:
```
SELECT product_name, SUM(quantity_sold) AS total_sales
FROM sales_data
GROUP BY product_name
ORDER BY total_sales DESC;
```
This query will return a list of all the products sold by the company, along with the total quantity sold for each product. We can then use this information to see which products are performing well and which are not.

## Section 6: Self-debating discussions
One of the most important aspects of using Apache Drill is being able to critically evaluate the results obtained from the queries. This involves asking questions such as: Are the results accurate? Are they reliable? Do they tell the whole story? By engaging in self-debating discussions, we can ensure that we are using Drill effectively and obtaining the most valuable insights from our data.

## Glossary
- Distributed file system: A type of file system that allows multiple computers to work together to store and access data.
- Parallelization: The process of breaking down a task into smaller parts and distributing these parts among multiple processors to increase efficiency.
- Big data: A term used to describe large datasets that are too large to be processed using traditional methods.
- Query: A request for information from a database or other data source.
- Distributed architecture: A type of architecture that involves multiple computers working together to perform a task.

## Conclusion
In conclusion, Apache Drill is a powerful tool for data analysis and processing. By using Drill, we can obtain valuable insights from large datasets stored in distributed file systems and databases. With its simple syntax and distributed architecture, Drill is easy to use and highly efficient. By engaging in self-debating discussions and critically evaluating the results obtained from our queries, we can ensure that we are using Drill effectively and obtaining the most valuable insights from our data.