text: In much the same manner as Nan Goldin and Lina Scheynius, Brussels-based photographer Kenji Onglao blurs the division between public and private and transforms the intimate into the exposed. Interchangeably utilising disposable cameras, 35 mm film (in both colour and black and white) and instant film, Onglao appropriates his personal life as the raw material for his body of work. The fact that he uses film rather than relying on the pristine exactness of digital machinery lends his photographs a beautiful grain and natural quality that complements his portrayal of narratives directly taken from everyday life.. Capturing both people and places, there is a strong sense of wanderlust that runs through Onglao’s imagery. Journeys unfold and the viewer is witness to a spectrum of emotions and moments. Like any good artist, Onglao leaves us poised at the brink of understanding, leaving questions answered and instilling the desire to see more.. Danica

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Photography
Introduction:
Photography is an art form that captures the beauty of the world around us. It involves taking pictures with a camera, which can be digital or analog. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of photography, including the different types of cameras, the importance of lighting, and the principles of composition.
Section 1: Types of Cameras
There are two main types of cameras used in photography: digital and analog. Digital cameras use sensors to capture images, while analog cameras use film. Both types of cameras have their advantages and disadvantages.
Digital Cameras:
- Easy to use and edit photos
- No need for film or developing
- Can take multiple shots quickly
- Can store thousands of photos
Analog Cameras:
- Provide a unique, vintage look
- Require film and developing
- Limited number of shots
- Can be more expensive
Section 2: Lighting
Lighting is one of the most important aspects of photography. Without proper lighting, your photos may come out dark or blurry. There are several types of lighting you can use in photography, including natural light, artificial light, and studio lighting.
Natural Light:
- Available everywhere
- Changes throughout the day
- Can create harsh shadows
Artificial Light:
- Can be controlled
- Available in different colors and strengths
- Can create a specific mood
Studio Lighting:
- Provides consistent lighting
- Can be adjusted to suit the subject
- Requires additional equipment
Section 3: Composition
Composition is the arrangement of elements in a photograph. It involves balancing the subject matter, colors, and shapes to create a visually pleasing image. There are several principles of composition that photographers use, including the rule of thirds, symmetry, and leading lines.
The Rule of Thirds:
- Divides the frame into nine equal parts
- Place the subject where the lines intersect
- Creates a more dynamic image
Symmetry:
- Uses balanced shapes and patterns
- Can create a sense of calm or movement
- Works well with reflections or mirror images
Leading Lines:
- Directs the viewer's eye through the image
- Can be straight or curved lines
- Leads to the subject or a particular area of interest
Section 4: Questions and Answers
Q: What is the difference between a digital and analog camera?
A: Digital cameras use sensors to capture images, while analog cameras use film.
Q: What is the importance of lighting in photography?
A: Proper lighting can make or break a photo. It can affect the mood, color, and overall quality of the image.
Q: What are the principles of composition in photography?
A: The rule of thirds, symmetry, and leading lines are some of the principles of composition in photography.
Conclusion:
Photography is a beautiful way to capture the world around us. By understanding the basics of cameras, lighting, and composition, we can create stunning images that tell a story. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced photographer, these principles will help you improve your skills and create images that are both visually appealing and meaningful.


text:
Image copyright Olloclip Image caption Patrick O'Neill was himself looking for an alternative to using a bulky SLR camera

Patrick O'Neill bet his house on people wanting to upload better quality photos to their social media pages.

The 50-year-old amateur photographer had been inventing and building computer devices for years when he first got the idea for a camera lens that attaches to a smartphone.

Mr O'Neill could see the growing competition to have the best Facebook and Instagram pictures, and guessed that social media shutterbugs would want a tool that gave their snaps an edge.

He was right, and not only did fellow amateur photographers want to buy his lenses, they were willing to help him finance the start of his US company.

A 2011 crowdfunding campaign on Kickstarter, raised more than $68,000 (£47,786) from 13,000 backers.

Image copyright olloclip Image caption The lens is currently only made for Apple and Samsung products

Mr O'Neill then added to that sum with a $200,000 loan he took out against the value of his home in Orange County, California, and his Olloclip business was born.

He says the loan was a gamble worth taking.

"I didn't sit down with my family and say 'look I took this loan and if this fails we could lose the house'," says the married father of three. "I didn't believe that would happen."

Thankfully for Mr O'Neill, his bet paid off. His company has now sold more than 1.5 million Olloclips, with sales growing close to 20% each year.

Personal inspiration

The Olloclip is a camera lens attachment for your smartphone.

It clicks into place over the handset's built-in camera lens, changing the angle and focal length of the picture that the phone takes.

Image copyright Patrick O'Neill Image caption Patrick O'Neill (centre) on family vacation carrying Kodak Super 8 movie camera

The firm's bestselling "4-In-1 Lens" Olloclip comes with four lenses - fisheye, wide-angle, and two macro lenses for close-up photos.

Mr O'Neill, who previously managed his own computer device building business, making hard drives, monitors and other equipment for companies, also got inspiration for Olloclip from his own needs and wants as an avid photographer.

Growing up he and his grandfather would go out to take photographs and videos.

As an adult he carried bags of camera equipment and lenses for his digital SLR camera with him on every trip. He longed for a solution that would allow him to shoot the images he wanted without carting around a heavy backpack all the time.

So he came up with the idea of adding an external lens to his iPhone.

Olloclip today employs 50 people, and assembles its products at its southern California factory using glass lenses from China.

Image copyright Olloclip Image caption A photo taken with Olloclip's fisheye lens

The company's biggest challenge is keeping up with the changing designs of smartphones. For each new phone release it has to create a new Olloclip that fits.

In an attempt to be as quick to market as possible, it 3D prints what it expects the latest phone releases to look like, and tests Olloclip designs on them.

The company is also now expanding to sell cases and photography accessories.

Mr O'Neill says: "Everything we are going to do is based around mobile photography.

"We want to move what people do with their smartphones forward, and we don't want to do stuff that is boring."

Steve Jobs influence

Although Olloclip does make two models for the Samsung Galaxy phone, the remainder of its products are all designed for Apple's iPhone or iPad tablet computer.

Mr O'Neill says it was a business decision to focus primarily on Apple because Apple's customers spend far more on phone accessories than owners of other smartphones.

Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Steve Jobs has been an inspiration for the Olloclip founder

He also admits that he is a big Apple fan himself.

"Apple products have been a huge influence on my life," says Mr O'Neill. "Every time I design a new clip I think about what Steve Jobs would say."

Apple has also helped Olloclip's growth. The lens are sold in Apple stores, which has helped them reach a wider market.

According to Joshua Goldman, an editor at tech-news website CNET, the Olloclip is popular because it offers better quality than cheaper competitors, but is not so expensive that it is out of reach.

"When you consider that most people look at how good the camera is when they buy a new phone, it makes sense that people look for things that make this experience even better," says Mr Goldman.

Healthcare use

Though Olloclips are most often used for Instagram photos, they have also been tasked with more noble work.

Olloclips were sent with doctors to Nepal to help them diagnose and treat eye conditions. The doctors used the Olloclip's macro lens to take magnified pictures of villagers' eyes, in areas where they could not get heavy diagnostic equipment.

Image copyright Patrick O'Neill Image caption Patrick O'Neill with his wife Anne and children - he didn't lose their family home

Using the Olloclip the ophthalmologists in the field were able to send images back to colleagues in the US to get second opinions in tough cases.

Scott Hamilton from charity Dooley Intermed International, which led the expedition, says the Olloclips were a cheaper option than traditional equipment.

"Even if we could get a good image on ophthalmology equipment, we didn't have a way to get that image swiftly back," says Mr Hamilton.

Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Some SLR camera lenses are not tremendously portable

The expedition did not have access to a strong internet connection either, but they did have mobile phone signal allowing them to send their Olloclip pictures back with a text message right away.

Mr O'Neill says: "My pet project is to find other uses for Olloclips.

"I think taking beautiful photos is great, but if we can help with rural medicine, or lower the cost of doing research in places where they don't have a lot of money, I think it's really special."

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Introduction:
Innovation and entrepreneurship are two essential aspects of modern society. They drive progress and development, creating new opportunities and improving our lives. In this lesson, we will explore the story of Patrick O'Neill, who created a successful business by inventing a new type of camera lens. We will learn about the importance of innovation, entrepreneurship, and taking risks.

Section 1: Understanding Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Topic 1: What is innovation?
- Innovation is the process of creating something new or improved that adds value.
- It involves coming up with ideas, developing them, and turning them into products or services that meet the needs of people.

Topic 2: What is entrepreneurship?
- Entrepreneurship is the act of creating a business, taking on financial risk in the hope of earning a profit.
- Entrepreneurs are individuals who have the vision, passion, and drive to create something new, solve problems, and make a difference.

Topic 3: Why is innovation and entrepreneurship important?
- Innovation drives economic growth, creates jobs, and improves our quality of life.
- Entrepreneurship helps to address social and environmental challenges, leading to a better world for everyone.

Section 2: The Story of Patrick O'Neill

Topic 1: How did Patrick O'Neill get the idea for his lens?
- Patrick O'Neill noticed that people were sharing more photos on social media, and he saw an opportunity to create a better camera lens for smartphones.
- He combined his love for photography with his technical skills to come up with a unique product.

Topic 2: What was the response to Patrick O'Neill's lens?
- When Patrick O'Neill launched his lens on Kickstarter, it became an instant success, raising more than $68,000 from 13,000 backers.
- People were excited about the idea of having a high-quality camera lens that they could use with their smartphones.

Topic 3: How did Patrick O'Neill turn his idea into a successful business?
- Patrick O'Neill took a big risk by investing his own money into his company.
- He also continued to innovate and improve his product, releasing new versions that met the changing needs of consumers.

Section 3: The Importance of Taking Risks and Being Persistent

Topic 1: Why is it important to take risks?
- Taking risks is essential for innovation and entrepreneurship. Without it, we would never have new products or services that improve our lives.
- Sometimes, the biggest rewards come from taking a chance and going against the odds.

Topic 2: Why is persistence important?
- Persistence is the ability to keep going even when things get tough.
- It takes time and effort to turn an idea into a successful business, and without persistence, many entrepreneurs would give up too soon.

Conclusion:
Innovation and entrepreneurship are crucial for progress and development. Patrick O'Neill's story shows us the importance of taking risks, being persistent, and having a vision. By creating a new type of camera lens, he improved the lives of many people and inspired others to pursue their own innovative ideas. The skills learned in this lesson can be applied to any area of life, helping individuals to achieve their goals and make a positive impact on the world.


text: Hyperpay leverages ACI's eCommerce solution to deliver speed to market, functionality and flexibility that their merchants demand.. They brought a monumental leap in technology to merchants in the region with Open APIs and the ability to accept payments via easy and simple to use copy and pay technology all developed within the app or website of the merchant.. Hyperpay are the fastest growing and most advanced payment gateway in the Middle East.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Payment Gateways

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
A payment gateway is a service provided by a third-party that authorizes credit or debit card transactions. It acts as an intermediary between the merchant and the customer's bank, ensuring secure transmission of sensitive information.

## Section 2: Questions and Answers
**Question:** What is a payment gateway?
**Answer:** A payment gateway is a service provided by a third-party that authorizes credit or debit card transactions. It acts as an intermediary between the merchant and the customer's bank, ensuring secure transmission of sensitive information.

**Question:** Why do we need payment gateways?
**Answer:** Payment gateways provide merchants with a secure and efficient way to accept payments from customers. They also help reduce fraud and ensure that transactions are processed quickly and accurately.

## Section 3: Definitions of Purpose
A payment gateway is essential for any business that accepts payments online. It provides a secure and convenient way for customers to make purchases, while also protecting the merchant from fraud and other security risks.

## Practical Examples Using Mathematical Abstractions and Real-World Scenarios
Suppose a customer wants to purchase a product online from a merchant. The merchant uses a payment gateway to process the transaction. The payment gateway encrypts the customer's credit card information and sends it to the customer's bank for authorization. The bank then verifies the customer's account balance and approves or declines the transaction. If approved, the payment gateway sends a confirmation code back to the merchant, who then completes the sale and ships the product to the customer.

## Self-Debating Discussions
1. How does a payment gateway protect merchants from fraud?
2. What are some common features of payment gateways?
3. How does a payment gateway differ from a payment processor?

## Glossary
- Payment gateway: A service provided by a third-party that authorizes credit or debit card transactions.
- Encryption: The process of converting data into a code to prevent unauthorized access.
- Authorization: The process of obtaining approval from a customer's bank for a transaction.
- Processor: A company that handles credit card transactions for merchants.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about payment gateways and their importance in the world of e-commerce. We discussed their role in securing transactions and protecting merchants from fraud. We also explored practical examples and real-world scenarios that demonstrate the use of payment gateways. By understanding the principles behind payment gateways, we can apply these skills to new problems and continue to innovate in the field of e-commerce.


text: Scientists have uncovered an unknown chapter of human history - a major population turnover in Europe at the end of the last Ice Age about 14,500 years ago, during a period of severe climatic instability.. Researchers used DNA evidence from the ancient bones and teeth of people who lived in Europe from the Late Pleistocene to the early Holocene - spanning almost 30,000 years of European prehistory.. They pieced.. "We uncovered a completely unknown chapter of human history - a major population turnover in Europe at the end of the last Ice Age," said lead author Johannes Krause of the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Germany.. "There has been a real lack of genetic data from this time period, so consequently we knew very little about the population structure or dynamics of the first modern humans in Europe," Krause said. said," said first author," said senior author Adam Powell, of the Max Planck Institute.. The study was published in the journal Current Biology.. RECOMMENDED FOR YOU

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Genetic Evidence in Understanding Human History

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore how genetic evidence can help us understand the history of human populations. We will focus on a specific study that investigated the genetic makeup of people who lived in Europe during the Late Pleistocene and early Holocene periods.

Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

- Genetic evidence is important for understanding human history because it can provide information about the relationships between different populations and the changes that have occurred over time.

- DNA can be analyzed to determine the ancestry of individuals and to identify patterns of migration and interbreeding.

- By studying genetic evidence, scientists can learn about the cultural and environmental factors that influenced the evolution of human populations.

Section 2: Questions and Answers

- What is genetic evidence?
- How can genetic evidence help us understand human history?
- What types of information can be obtained from genetic evidence?
- Why is it important to study genetic evidence?

Section 3: Definitions and Purpose

- Genetic evidence: Information about the genetic makeup of individuals or populations that can be used to study the history of human populations.
- DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms.
- Migration: The movement of people from one place to another.
- Interbreeding: The process by which two or more different species or populations of animals breed with each other to produce offspring.

Section 4: Practical Examples Using Mathematical Abstractions and Real-World Scenarios

- Let's say we have a sample of DNA from a person who lived in Europe during the Late Pleistocene. We can use mathematical models to analyze the DNA and determine the individual's ancestry.
- We can also compare the DNA of different populations to see if there were any instances of interbreeding. For example, we might find that people from Europe had children with people from Asia.
- By studying genetic evidence, we can learn about the cultural and environmental factors that influenced the evolution of human populations. For example, we might find that certain genetic traits were selected for because they helped people survive in a harsh environment.

Section 5: Self-Debating Discussions

- How reliable is genetic evidence?
- Can genetic evidence be used to prove or disprove historical events or theories?
- What are some limitations of using genetic evidence to study human history?

Glossary:
- Genetic evidence: Information about the genetic makeup of individuals or populations that can be used to study the history of human populations.
- DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms.
- Migration: The movement of people from one place to another.
- Interbreeding: The process by which two or more different species or populations of animals breed with each other to produce offspring.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have learned how genetic evidence can help us understand the history of human populations. We have explored the theoretical concepts, asked and answered questions, defined key terms, and engaged in self-debating discussions. By applying the skills gained from this topic, we can continue to uncover new chapters in human history and better understand our shared past.


text: Friday 19 August 2016. Pear-akeets. Posted in Journal, Photography at 20:42. The neighboring flock of parakeets do love a good pear tree. I went to visit them with a proper camera, my Nikon D40, which I’ve had for ten years. I used my Imado f2.8 135mm telephoto lens, which is 30+ years old, thus originally made for film cameras. With the D40 it’s fully manual, which is a bit tricky when photographing birds at twilight, but the reward is gorgeous color. There’s an album for my pics of the colorful birds now.. This character was delighted to have her picture taken.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Take Better Bird Photos
Introduction:
Bird watching is a popular hobby that many people enjoy. It can be even more exciting to capture the beauty of these creatures through photography. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of bird photography and how to take better photos of birds.
Section 1: Equipment
To take better bird photos, you will need a good camera and a telephoto lens. A DSLR or mirrorless camera with a fast continuous shooting speed is ideal. A telephoto lens with a focal length of 300mm or more is also necessary to get close-up shots of the birds without disturbing them.
Section 2: Techniques
1. Use a fast shutter speed: To freeze the motion of the birds, use a fast shutter speed of at least 1/1000th of a second. This will help you capture sharp images without any motion blur.
2. Use continuous autofocus (AF-C): Birds can move quickly and unpredictably, so it's essential to use continuous autofocus mode to keep the focus on the bird's eye even if it moves around.
3. Shoot in manual mode (M): To get full control over your camera settings, shoot in manual mode. This will allow you to adjust the exposure compensation, ISO, and aperture as needed.
4. Use a tripod: Since you may need to use a slow shutter speed to get the right exposure, it's essential to use a tripod to keep the camera steady.
5. Use a remote shutter release: To avoid camera shake while pressing the shutter button, use a remote shutter release or self-timer.
Section 3: Practical Examples
Let's say you want to take a photo of a perched bird. You should use a fast shutter speed (1/1000th of a second) and set your camera to manual mode (M). Set the ISO to 400 and the aperture to f/8. Focus on the bird's eye using continuous autofocus (AF-C) and take the shot.
Conclusion:
By following these tips and techniques, you can improve your bird photography skills and capture stunning images of these beautiful creatures. Remember to practice patience and perseverance, as it may take time to get the perfect shot. Happy bird watching and photography!
Glossary:
- DSLR: Digital Single Lens Reflex camera
- Mirrorless: A camera that uses a digital sensor instead of a mirror and prism system
- Telephoto lens: A lens that has a long focal length, making distant objects appear closer
- Continuous autofocus (AF-C): A mode that allows the camera to continuously focus on a moving subject
- Manual mode (M): A camera mode where the user controls the exposure settings
- Shutter speed: The length of time the camera's shutter is open to expose the sensor to light
- Exposure compensation: Adjusting the brightness or darkness of an image
- ISO: A measure of the sensitivity of the camera's sensor to light
- Aperture: The size of the opening in the lens that controls the amount of light entering the camera


text: Abbasi-Asl, Roya and Naderi, Habibollah and Akbari, Abbas (2016) Predicting female studentsâ�� social anxiety based on their personality traits. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 18 (6). pp. 343-349.. Abstract (Î²=0.50, P<0.000). Extroversion (Î²=-0.32, P<0.000) and agreeableness (Î²=-0.10, P<0.049) were negative and significant predictors of social anxiety. Openness and conscientiousness were not predictors of social anxiety. Conclusion: The results show that different personality traits can predict different aspects of social anxiety in students.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Statistical Analysis

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
In this lesson, we will learn about statistical analysis, which is the process of collecting, organizing, and analyzing data to make informed decisions. We will cover the following concepts:

1. Hypothesis testing: This is a method used to determine whether the results of an experiment are statistically significant. We will learn about null hypotheses and alternative hypotheses, as well as the significance level (alpha) used to determine if the results are significant.

2. Regression analysis: This is a statistical method used to examine the relationship between two or more variables. We will learn about simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, and logistic regression.

3. Correlation: This is a measure of the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. We will learn about Pearson's correlation coefficient, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and Kendall's tau.

4. ANOVA: This is a statistical method used to compare the means of three or more groups. We will learn about one-way and two-way ANOVA.

### Section 2: Practical Examples
Now that we understand the theoretical concepts, let's look at some practical examples:

1. Hypothesis testing: A researcher wants to know if a new medication is more effective than a placebo in treating depression. They conduct an experiment where half of the participants receive the medication and half receive a placebo. The researcher sets a significance level of 0.05. After analyzing the data, they find that the results are statistically significant at the 0.05 level.

2. Regression analysis: A business wants to know if the price of their product affects their sales. They collect data on the price of their product and their sales revenue. Using multiple linear regression, they find that there is a positive relationship between the price of their product and their sales revenue.

3. Correlation: A teacher wants to know if there is a relationship between the number of hours a student studies and their grade in a math exam. They collect data on the number of hours each student studied and their grade in the exam. Using Pearson's correlation coefficient, they find that there is a moderate positive relationship between the two variables.

4. ANOVA: A farmer wants to know if there is a difference in the yield of their crops depending on the type of fertilizer they use. They collect data on the yield of their crops based on the type of fertilizer they used. Using two-way ANOVA, they find that there is a significant difference in the yield of their crops depending on both the type of fertilizer and the variety of crop.

### Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions
Let's engage in some self-debating discussions to further our understanding of these concepts:

1. Hypothesis testing: What is the role of the significance level in hypothesis testing? Why is it important to set a significance level before conducting an experiment?

2. Regression analysis: How does multiple linear regression differ from simple linear regression? When would you use each type of regression analysis?

3. Correlation: What is the difference between Pearson's correlation coefficient and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient? When would you use each type of correlation coefficient?

4. ANOVA: What is the difference between one-way and two-way ANOVA? When would you use each type of ANOVA?

### Glossary
- Null hypothesis: This is the hypothesis that is tested in hypothesis testing. It is the hypothesis that states there is no relationship between the variables being studied.
- Alternative hypothesis: This is the hypothesis that is tested in hypothesis testing. It is the hypothesis that states there is a relationship between the variables being studied.
- Significance level: This is the probability of obtaining the results of an experiment by chance. It is usually set at 0.05.
- Regression analysis: This is a statistical method used to examine the relationship between two or more variables.
- Correlation: This is a measure of the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables.
- ANOVA: This is a statistical method used to compare the means of three or more groups.

### Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about statistical analysis, including hypothesis testing, regression analysis, correlation, and ANOVA. We covered the theoretical concepts and practical examples of each of these methods. We also engaged in self-debating discussions to further our understanding of these concepts. By mastering these concepts, we can apply them to new problems and make informed decisions based on data.


text: (Only available if Purchase Order Approvals are enabled in the Order Management System Preferences.) Purchase Orders Waiting Approval require approval before being fulfilled. If approval is performed by an automated process, then this queue should be monitored for Purchase Orders that remain unapproved after the process has run. If approval is performed manually, then this queue should be monitored regularly to identify and approve Purchase Orders as needed.. The automated process for approving Purchase Orders fails silently due to a system error. An Order Management user notices a buildup of Purchase Orders in the Waiting Approval Queue and investigates the reason for the approval process’ failure to run.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding Purchase Orders and Approval Processes

Introduction:
Purchase orders are essential documents used in businesses to order goods or services from suppliers. They help in keeping track of expenses, ensuring that the right products or services are delivered, and avoiding over-spending. However, before a purchase order can be fulfilled, it usually requires approval from a higher authority. In this lesson, we will learn about purchase orders, the approval process, and how to monitor and manage them effectively.

Section 1: What are Purchase Orders?
A purchase order (PO) is a commercial document that is issued by a buyer to a seller, stating the types, quantities, and prices of the goods or services that the buyer wants to purchase. It serves as a legally binding contract between the buyer and the seller, outlining the terms and conditions of the purchase.

Section 2: Why do Purchase Orders need Approval?
Purchase orders often require approval because they involve spending money that may not be readily available. The approval process ensures that the purchase is necessary, budgeted for, and within the company's policies and guidelines. It also helps to prevent fraud, misuse of funds, and overspending.

Section 3: How does the Approval Process work?
The approval process varies from one company to another, but it typically involves several steps. First, a request is made by an employee or department to purchase goods or services. The request is then reviewed by a supervisor or manager who approves or denies it based on the company's policies and budget. If approved, the purchase order is created and sent to the supplier. If denied, the requester is notified of the reason for the rejection.

Section 4: Monitoring and Managing Purchase Orders
Once a purchase order has been approved, it should be monitored to ensure that it is being fulfilled according to the terms and conditions outlined in the PO. This includes tracking the delivery of goods or services, verifying that they meet the specified requirements, and ensuring that the supplier is charging the correct amount. If there are any discrepancies, they should be reported to the supplier immediately for resolution.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding purchase orders and the approval process is crucial for managing business finances effectively. By monitoring and managing purchase orders, companies can avoid overspending, reduce the risk of fraud, and ensure that they are getting the best value for their money. With the knowledge gained from this lesson, you will be able to effectively manage purchase orders and approval processes in your organization.


text:
Admiral CrumpleSorceraw

While Admiral Crumple doesnt deserve a lot of the hate directed towards him on the internet, he is certainly a product of modern technology. As little as ten years ago, Crumple would never have been able to release an album like Sorceraw, or the five albums before that, on the scale of which he is currently capable. But these days, fans worldwide can experience the growth of an artist from beginner to professional without missing a beat thanks to the World Wide Web. The artwork for Sorceraw is a huge step above his past releases and his flow continues to improve, but the cheap mic makes his "ps pop and the enhanced videos are of the YouTube variety. Still, his talent is evident as is his drive to improve and perhaps succeed. Crumple is competent rapping about the underbelly of society tinged with concepts culled from the sci-fi and horror genres, and he could do with some improvement for creating catchier choruses. However, its the self-produced beats that will most likely sell the Admiral Crumple name; Sorceraw displays dark, grimy production in the vein of Necro or early Cage. Its just too bad his popping ps will make Sorceraw a difficult listen for many since a great guest appearance by Brooklyn Academy rapper Pumpkinhead could get this album wider rotation  a feat that will remain unlikely until Crumple takes his music seriously as a professional.
(Cataphonic)

textbook:
Lesson Title: The Importance of Technology in Modern Society

Introduction:
Technology has revolutionized the way we live, work, and interact with each other. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of technology in modern society, its impact on our lives, and how it has transformed industries and created new opportunities.

Section 1: Understanding Technology

Topic 1: Definition of Technology
Technology refers to the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. It includes hardware, software, and systems used to achieve specific goals.

Topic 2: Types of Technology
There are different types of technology, including medical technology, information technology, communication technology, and industrial technology.

Topic 3: Importance of Technology in Our Lives
Technology has become an integral part of our lives. It helps us communicate with others, access information, entertain ourselves, and perform our daily tasks more efficiently.

Section 2: Impact of Technology on Industries

Topic 1: Manufacturing
Technology has transformed the manufacturing industry by automating processes, improving efficiency, and reducing costs. Robotics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are some examples of technologies that have revolutionized manufacturing.

Topic 2: Healthcare
Technology has also had a significant impact on healthcare. Advances in medical technology have improved diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes. For example, telemedicine allows doctors to remotely monitor patients and provide consultations.

Section 3: Future of Technology

Topic 1: Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing field that has the potential to transform many industries. AI can help businesses automate processes, analyze data, and make better decisions.

Topic 2: Internet of Things (IoT)
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of devices and sensors that collect and share data. IoT has the potential to revolutionize industries such as agriculture, transportation, and manufacturing.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, technology has become an essential part of our lives and has transformed industries. As technology continues to evolve, it will create new opportunities and challenges. By understanding the importance of technology and its impact on our lives and industries, we can better prepare for the future.

Glossary:
- Hardware: Physical components of a computer system, such as the motherboard, processor, and memory.
- Software: Programs and applications that run on a computer system.
- Systems: Combinations of hardware and software that work together to achieve a specific goal.

Self-Debate Discussion:
What are some examples of how technology has transformed industries? How has technology impacted your life? What are some potential challenges that may arise as technology continues to evolve?


text: Our family company, Amiterre Ag Solutions Pty Ltd, has come about through a recognised need to provide the rural sector with the opportunities offered by using safe, reliable, sustainable and consistent organic fertilisers. There are 4 generations of the family involved, all with a sustainable food and fibre background.. “Sustainable Products to Grow With”. With 125 years in Australian Agriculture and in more recent times 15 years of Organics Recycling, our passion is to deliver safe, reliable and consistent Humic Soil Conditioner from the residual streams of agriculture, food-organics-green-organics and food processing.. Join us, in the journey of carbon sequestration, advancing mineralisation of nutrients, increasing water retention, greater nutrient holding, pest and disease resistance and most important of all more success in rural and regional communities.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Sustainable Agriculture

**Overview:** This lesson introduces students to the concept of sustainable agriculture and its importance in today's world. Students will learn about the benefits of sustainable farming practices and how they can contribute to a healthier environment and more resilient food systems.

**Objectives:** By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

1. Define sustainable agriculture and explain its benefits.
2. Identify the key principles of sustainable farming practices.
3. Analyze the environmental, economic, and social impacts of conventional agriculture vs. sustainable agriculture.
4. Apply the concepts learned to real-world scenarios and case studies.

**Section 1: Introduction to Sustainable Agriculture**

**Topic 1: What is Sustainable Agriculture?**

Sustainable agriculture is a farming practice that focuses on producing food, fiber, and other products while maintaining the health of the environment, economy, and community. It involves using resources efficiently, minimizing waste, and reducing the negative impacts of farming on the environment.

**Topic 2: Benefits of Sustainable Agriculture**

Sustainable agriculture has several benefits, including:

1. Improving soil health and fertility
2. Reducing the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers
3. Conserving water and other natural resources
4. Supporting local economies and communities
5. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change

**Section 2: Key Principles of Sustainable Farming Practices**

**Topic 1: Conservation Tillage**

Conservation tillage is a farming practice that reduces soil disturbance and preserves crop residues on the soil surface. This helps to reduce erosion, conserve moisture, and improve soil health.

**Topic 2: Crop Rotation**

Crop rotation is the practice of growing different crops in the same field in sequential seasons. This helps to break the cycle of pests and diseases, improve soil health, and reduce the need for synthetic fertilizers.

**Topic 3: Integrated Pest Management (IPM)**

IPM is a holistic approach to pest control that combines cultural, biological, and chemical methods. It focuses on preventing pest problems before they occur and using the least toxic and most effective method when necessary.

**Section 3: Comparing Conventional and Sustainable Agriculture**

**Topic 1: Environmental Impacts**

Conventional agriculture often relies on synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and other chemical inputs, which can pollute waterways, harm wildlife, and contribute to climate change. Sustainable agriculture, on the other hand, uses natural methods to improve soil health, reduce erosion, and conserve resources.

**Topic 2: Economic Impacts**

Sustainable agriculture can be more labor-intensive and require more management, but it can also lead to higher yields and better prices for farmers. In contrast, conventional agriculture may rely on subsidies and intensive use of resources, making it vulnerable to market fluctuations.

**Topic 3: Social Impacts**

Sustainable agriculture supports local economies and communities by providing jobs, promoting fair trade, and preserving cultural traditions. Conventional agriculture, on the other hand, may contribute to the displacement of rural communities and the consolidation of power in the hands of a few large corporations.

**Section 4: Case Studies**

**Case Study 1: Organic Dairy Farm**

A small organic dairy farm in Vermont uses sustainable practices such as rotational grazing, cover cropping, and composting to improve soil health and reduce their environmental impact. They also prioritize animal welfare and work with local processors to sell their milk and cheese.

**Case Study 2: Regenerative Ranching**

A ranch in Texas is using regenerative agriculture practices such as holistic planned grazing, cover cropping, and agroforestry to improve soil health, sequester carbon, and increase productivity. They also prioritize animal welfare and work with local restaurants to sell their beef.

**Conclusion**

Sustainable agriculture is an essential part of building a healthier and more resilient food system. By applying the principles of conservation tillage, crop rotation, and integrated pest management, farmers can improve soil health, reduce environmental impacts, and support local economies. Through case studies, we have seen how sustainable farming practices can benefit both the environment and the community. As we continue to explore the world of agriculture, let us remember the importance of sustainability and strive to apply these principles in our own lives.

**Glossary**

- Sustainable agriculture: A farming practice that focuses on producing food, fiber, and other products while maintaining the health of the environment, economy, and community.
- Conservation tillage: A farming practice that reduces soil disturbance and preserves crop residues on the soil surface.
- Crop rotation: The practice of growing different crops in the same field in sequential seasons.
- Integrated pest management (IPM): A holistic approach to pest control that combines cultural, biological, and chemical methods.
- Conventional agriculture: A farming practice that relies heavily on synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and other chemical inputs.
- Sustainable farming practices: Practices that promote soil health, conserve resources, and support local economies and communities.


text: Dredges, Pumps & Support Equipment. Veris and its sister company AWS Dredge own dredges, pumps, and support equipment required to remove biosolids and other residuals/sediments from lagoons and ponds.. Dredged material can be pumped to tankers and transported to nearby permitted sites for application.. Support for Remote Sites. For projects where management sites are more remote, Veris can couple the dredging program with our mobile dewatering systems to reduce the number of truck trips required to manage the residuals.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Dredging and Its Applications

**Introduction**:
Dredging is the process of removing sediment, debris, or other materials from the bottom of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, and harbors. This activity is essential for maintaining navigational depths, preventing flooding, and protecting aquatic ecosystems. In this lesson, we will learn about the types of dredging equipment, their applications, and the benefits of dredging.

**Section 1: Types of Dredging Equipment**
There are several types of dredging equipment available, each designed for specific purposes. These include:

1. Mechanical Dredges: These are used for excavating and removing sediment from water bodies. They can be classified into two types - cutterhead suction dredges and clamshell buckets.

2. Hydraulic Dredges: These use high-pressure water jets to remove sediment from the water body. They are commonly used for coastal defense and riverbank stabilization.

3. Dredge Pumps: These are used to pump dredged materials from one location to another. They come in various sizes and capacities, depending on the project requirements.

4. Support Equipment: This includes boats, cranes, and other machinery that assist in the dredging process.

**Section 2: Applications of Dredging Equipment**
Dredging equipment has various applications, including:

1. Maintaining navigational depths in ports and harbors.
2. Creating channels and waterways for flood control.
3. Reclaiming land from wetlands and other water bodies.
4. Environmental restoration projects, such as removing invasive species and restoring natural habitats.
5. Mining activities, such as sand and gravel extraction.

**Section 3: Benefits of Dredging**
Dredging offers several benefits, including:

1. Improved water quality by removing pollutants and sediment from water bodies.
2. Enhanced navigation safety by maintaining appropriate depths in waterways.
3. Flood prevention by creating channels for water flow and reducing the risk of flooding.
4. Economic development by reclaiming land for agriculture, housing, or industrial purposes.
5. Environmental restoration by creating new habitats for wildlife and plant species.

**Conclusion**:
In conclusion, dredging is an essential activity that helps maintain healthy water bodies, support economic development, and protect the environment. By understanding the types of dredging equipment, their applications, and the benefits of dredging, we can appreciate the importance of this activity and work towards sustainable solutions for managing our water resources.


text: Rick Phillips: Outdoor Live Entertainment on the LawnLocation: The Caravelle Lawn. On Fridays this summer we will be having live entertainment on the lawn! Bring the whole family out for entertainment by Rick Phillips!. Rick Phillips is a seasoned entertainer with over 30 years of experience. He has had the pleasure of performing on stage with several major international artists. Starting at a young age, Rick learned to play many different instruments, including guitar and piano, which he uses to back his voice on stage. Having performed on the Grand Strand for 20 years, Rick has successfully increased his fan base by performing an array of well-known music that appeals to all ages. Rick Phillips has found true love in entertaining others.. This event is weather permitting.Next Date:. YouTube. Google+

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Live Entertainment

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

In this lesson, we will learn about live entertainment and its importance in our society. We will explore the different types of live entertainment and the role they play in our daily lives.

## Questions and Answers

**Question:** What is live entertainment?
**Answer:** Live entertainment refers to any form of entertainment that takes place in front of a live audience. This can include music, dance, theater, comedy, magic, and other forms of artistic expression.

**Question:** Why is live entertainment important?
**Answer:** Live entertainment is important because it brings people together and provides a shared experience. It allows us to escape from our daily routines and enjoy something new and exciting. Live entertainment also helps to support the arts and cultural industries, which are important to our economy and our communities.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

Now that we understand the theoretical concepts, let's look at some practical examples of live entertainment.

## Section 3: Increasing Difficulty Level

Let's take a closer look at some examples of live entertainment and analyze them in more detail.

## Glossary

- Live Entertainment: Entertainment that takes place in front of a live audience.
- Arts: The expression and application of human creativity and imagination, typically in a visual or auditory form.
- Cultural Industries: The businesses and organizations that create, produce, distribute, and sell cultural products and services.

## Conclusion

Live entertainment is an important part of our society and culture. By understanding the different types of live entertainment and their role in our lives, we can appreciate and enjoy them even more. Whether it's a concert, a play, or a magic show, live entertainment provides a unique and unforgettable experience.


text: SolarFlare - Pakistan's Renewable Energy Experts.. SolarFlare is a renewable energy company that delivers Solar Systems accessibility to residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural sectors. We are on a mission to make your living affordable and comfortable by reducing the electricity bills and making the environment cleaner and healthier.. Our Company. SolarFlare provides you with the best of their expertise, opinions, and with a wide range of quality products and services that will fully satisfy your demands and make the living better.. Our Mission. To provide you with the diverse range of high quality products that can be easily managed through smart technology throughout the globe.. Our Vision. To make greener, cleaner, & healthier Pakistan through our solar innovation.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Renewable Energy

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Renewable energy is energy that comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are replenished at a faster rate than they are consumed. It is an alternative to traditional energy sources such as fossil fuels, which are finite and cause environmental damage. In this lesson, we will learn about different types of renewable energy, their advantages and disadvantages, and how they work.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
Let's start with solar energy, which harnesses the power of the sun. Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity, which can be used to power homes and businesses. Solar energy is clean, renewable, and reduces dependence on fossil fuels. However, it is expensive to install and requires a lot of space.

Wind energy uses wind turbines to generate electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy, which is then converted into electricity. Wind energy is also clean and renewable, but it is dependent on weather conditions and can be noisy.

Hydroelectric power generates electricity by using the force of falling water. Dams are built on rivers to create a reservoir, which stores water at a higher elevation. When water flows downhill, it spins turbines that generate electricity. Hydroelectric power is clean and renewable, but it can disrupt ecosystems and require large amounts of land.

Geothermal energy uses the heat from the Earth's core to generate electricity. It is clean and renewable, but it is limited to areas near volcanic sites.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions
Now let's discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each type of renewable energy. Solar energy is clean, renewable, and reduces dependence on fossil fuels, but it is expensive to install and requires a lot of space. Wind energy is also clean and renewable, but it is dependent on weather conditions and can be noisy. Hydroelectric power is clean and renewable, but it can disrupt ecosystems and require large amounts of land. Geothermal energy is clean and renewable, but it is limited to areas near volcanic sites.

## Glossary
- Renewable energy: Energy that comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are replenished at a faster rate than they are consumed.
- Fossil fuels: Traditional energy sources such as coal, oil, and gas, which are finite and cause environmental damage.
- Kinetic energy: The energy of motion.
- Mechanical energy: The energy of movement or machinery.
- Electricity: A form of energy that flows through wires and powers homes and businesses.
- Turbine: A machine that converts the energy of a fluid (such as wind or water) into mechanical or electrical energy.
- Reservoir: A large body of stored water.
- Ecosystem: A complex community of living things and their interactions with each other and their environment.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about the different types of renewable energy, their advantages and disadvantages, and how they work. We discussed solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectric power, and geothermal energy, and compared their pros and cons. By understanding these different types of renewable energy, we can make informed decisions about how to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and protect the environment.


text: Welcome to Gray Dove Ministries!. Welcome to Marcie Gray Management and Design and Gray Dove Ministries (Marcie's music ministry).. Contact us today to learn more about how Marcie Gray Management and Design can support your ministry! Whether you need graphic design assistance, photography, website design/maintenance, product distribution or promotional support, we are here to help you take your ministry to the next level!. Visit Marcie's Biography and Music pages to learn more about her ministry and how to bring her to your church or special event to provide music and an inspirational message for your church family or group..

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Graphic Design

**Section 1: Theoretical Concepts**

Graphic design is the process of creating visual content to communicate information or ideas. It involves the use of typography, color, images, and layout to create visual compositions. Graphic designers work in various industries, including advertising, publishing, and web design.

**Section 2: Practical Examples**

Let's look at an example of graphic design. Suppose a company wants to create a new logo for their brand. The designer will consider the company's values, target audience, and overall aesthetic. They may choose colors that represent the company's mission, such as green for environmental friendliness or blue for trustworthiness. The designer will also choose a font that is easy to read and reflects the company's personality. Finally, they will arrange the elements in a way that is visually appealing and memorable.

**Section 3: Real-World Scenarios**

Now let's apply these concepts to a real-world scenario. Imagine you are designing a poster for a charity event. You want to create a poster that will attract attention and encourage people to attend the event. You will consider the event's theme, target audience, and overall aesthetic. You may choose bright colors to grab attention or a playful font to appeal to a younger audience. You will also arrange the elements in a way that is visually appealing and easy to read.

**Glossary**

- Graphic design: The process of creating visual content to communicate information or ideas.
- Typography: The art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable, and appealing when displayed.
- Color: The visual property that describes how light is reflected or emitted by objects.
- Layout: The arrangement of visual elements on a page, such as images, text, and graphics.

**Conclusion**

Graphic design is an essential tool for communicating information and ideas visually. By understanding the theoretical concepts, applying practical examples, and considering real-world scenarios, you can create effective and memorable designs that capture attention and convey messages.


text: Rational thinking is a way of thinking based on truth to produce an intelligent mindset. Everyone must always have rational thought to prove a truth that has a basis. Rational thinking must be taught to children from an early age so that they can easily overcome difficulties when interacting with many people. Rational thinking can become the provision of children when interacting with strangers. Teaching children to think rationally is not difficult. For that, you must know how to easily teach children to think rationally.. How to Teach Children to Think Rationally. Train your child’s memory. Rational thinking is closely related to the work of the left brain. The most effective way to do this is children to remember. Practicing children’s memory can be done by giving questions and answers to what he has read. This is the most effective way for children to have rational thinking. You can also …

textbook:
Title: Teaching Children Rational Thinking
---
## Section 1: Introduction
Rational thinking is a crucial skill that helps children make informed decisions, solve problems, and navigate social situations. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of teaching children rational thinking and provide strategies for incorporating it into their daily lives.
## Section 2: What is Rational Thinking?
Rational thinking is the process of using logic and evidence to draw conclusions. It involves analyzing information, considering multiple perspectives, and making informed decisions based on available data. Rational thinking is an essential skill for children to develop as it helps them to understand the world around them and make sense of complex information.
## Section 3: Why is Rational Thinking Important for Children?
Rational thinking is important for children because it helps them to:
- Make informed decisions based on evidence and logic
- Solve problems effectively
- Navigate social situations with confidence
- Develop critical thinking skills that will benefit them throughout their lives
## Section 4: Strategies for Teaching Children Rational Thinking
There are several strategies that parents and educators can use to teach children rational thinking:
1. Encourage questioning: Encourage children to ask questions about the world around them and to seek out answers based on evidence and logic.
2. Provide opportunities for problem-solving: Give children opportunities to solve problems on their own, and provide guidance and support when needed.
3. Teach critical thinking skills: Teach children how to analyze information, consider multiple perspectives, and draw conclusions based on evidence.
4. Use real-world examples: Use real-world examples to demonstrate the importance of rational thinking in everyday life.
## Section 5: Conclusion
Teaching children rational thinking is essential for their development and success in life. By incorporating rational thinking into their daily lives, children can become more confident, informed, and effective problem-solvers. By using the strategies outlined in this lesson, parents and educators can help children develop these important skills.


text:
Accuracy of calculations of heats of reduction/hydrogenation: application to some small ring systems.
The enthalpies of reduction of carbonyl compounds and hydrogenation of alkenes have been calculated at the HF, B3LYP, M06, MP2, G3, G4, CBS-QB3, CBS-APNO, and W1BD levels and, in the case of the first four methods, using a variety of basis sets up to aug-cc-pVTZ. The results are compared with the available experimental data, and it is found that the compound methods are generally more satisfactory than the others. Large basis sets are usually needed in order to reproduce experiments. Some C-C bond hydrogenolysis reactions also have been examined including those of bicycloalkanes and propellanes. In addition, the dimerization of the remarkably strained bicyclo[2.2.0]hex(1,4)ene was studied. The reaction forming a pentacyclic propellane was calculated to have ΔH = -57 kcal/mol, and the cleavage of the propellane to give a diene had ΔH = -71 kcal/mol. The strain energies of these compounds were estimated.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Calculate Heats of Reduction/Hydrogenation Accurately

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to calculate the heats of reduction/hydrogenation accurately using various computational methods. We will explore the different levels of theory and basis sets available and compare them with experimental data. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to apply these skills to new problems.

Section 1: Enthalpy of Reduction/Hydrogenation
Enthalpy of reduction is the energy change when a substance is reduced, while enthalpy of hydrogenation is the energy change when a molecule is hydrogenated. These values are essential in understanding chemical reactions and predicting reaction outcomes.

Method 1: Hartree-Fock (HF)
Hartree-Fock is a mean-field approach that provides a good starting point for understanding molecular properties. However, it is not accurate enough for calculating enthalpy of reduction/hydrogenation.

Method 2: Density Functional Theory (DFT)
Density functional theory (DFT) is a widely used method that calculates the electronic structure of molecules. It is more accurate than HF and can provide reasonable results for enthalpy of reduction/hydrogenation.

Method 3: Post-Hartree-Fock Methods
Post-Hartree-Fock methods, such as M06, MP2, G3, G4, and CBS-QB3, use correlation functions to improve upon HF and DFT. These methods are more accurate than HF and DFT but require more computational resources.

Method 4: Coupled Cluster (CC)
Coupled cluster methods, such as CCSD(T), use a higher-order perturbation theory approach to calculate molecular properties. These methods are highly accurate but computationally expensive.

Section 2: Basis Sets
Basis sets are mathematical functions used to represent the molecular orbitals of a molecule. Larger basis sets provide more accurate results but require more computational resources. In this study, the authors used basis sets up to aug-cc-pVTZ, which is one of the largest basis sets available.

Section 3: Results and Discussion
The authors found that compound methods, such as DFT and post-Hartree-Fock methods, were generally more satisfactory than HF and other methods. Large basis sets were necessary to reproduce experimental data accurately. The authors concluded that the strain energies of bicyclo[2.2.0]hex(1,4)ene and propellane were -57 kcal/mol and -71 kcal/mol, respectively.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the different computational methods and basis sets available for calculating enthalpy of reduction/hydrogenation. We also explored how these methods and basis sets affect the accuracy of the results. By understanding these factors, we can apply these skills to new problems and predict the outcomes of chemical reactions more accurately.

Glossary:
- Enthalpy of reduction: The energy change when a substance is reduced.
- Enthalpy of hydrogenation: The energy change when a molecule is hydrogenated.
- Computational methods: Techniques used to simulate molecular properties using computers.
- Basis sets: Mathematical functions used to represent molecular orbitals.
- Large basis sets: Basis sets with a large number of functions, providing more accurate results.
- Compound methods: Methods that combine multiple approaches to improve accuracy.
- Strain energy: The energy difference between a strained molecule and its relaxed state.


text:
Starbucks booze plan doesn't sit well with some customers

Published May 18. 2014 12:01AM

By GREG WILLIAMS

Publication: The Day

Recently Starbucks announced it would expand its offerings and start selling alcoholic drinks in the evening in thousands of its stores. The move was touted by chief executive Howard Schultz as a strategy for the company to grow profits by increasing the average sale per customer.

Schultz's shareholders no doubt exchanged a mental fist-bump. But the celebration may be short-lived once they realize that they are in danger of turning away a key coffee-consuming segment: more than 23 million Americans living in recovery from substance-use disorders.

Starbucks spokeswoman Lisa Passe called it "a natural progression for Starbucks as we seek to create a new occasion for customers to gather, relax and connect with each other in the evenings." What Passe did not mention was why a lot of customers already gather, relax and connect at Starbucks - helping to make it the largest coffee chain in the world.

Every day, people in recovery meet up in Starbucks cafes to support one another, to talk to their 12-step sponsors and, most of all, to be welcomed in one of the few lively, popular, alcohol-free gathering places in their community.

Starbucks should pay special attention to them.

One of the most useful concepts in business is the Pareto principle, or what is commonly known as the 80/20 rule. This widely adopted marketing principle - that 20 percent of input causes 80 percent of the result - suggests that 80 percent of all coffee consumed at Starbucks is derived from just 20 percent of their consumer base.

And who might be part of that base? The October 2008 issue of the journal Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research found that 88.5 percent of those studied who were in recovery from alcoholism drank coffee. Thirty-three percent of those coffee drinkers drank more than four cups a day.

That means millions of recovering people drink coffee, and a third of them drink a lot of it.

If you closed your eyes and pictured a 12-step meeting room, you'd probably picture a coffee urn and plastic foam cups stacked next to it.

And you'd be right. After a typical meeting, you'd see groups of people leaving together to head for the local Starbucks.

In the short run, Schultz may be adding a new set of customers who bring in a $20-plus sale once a week.

But if the evening culture of the cafes turns into a hybrid bar scene, Starbucks will be at serious risk of forcing out a devoted set of high-volume existing customers. Many of them may already spend more than $20 a day on alcohol-free beverages.

If Starbucks executives studied this market demographic, perhaps they would think twice about this move.

They don't have to be driven by the spirit of supporting people's journey of recovery from addiction. They could do it just for their shareholders.

Greg Williams has been in recovery from alcohol and drug use for more than 12 years. He wrote and produced the documentary "The Anonymous People," about long-term recovery. He wrote this commentary for The Washington Post.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Catering to All Customers

**Introduction**

Starbucks is one of the most popular coffee chains in the world. It has become a go-to place for people to meet up with friends, work on their laptops, or simply enjoy a cup of coffee. However, when Starbucks announced that it would start selling alcoholic drinks in the evening, many customers were unhappy about it. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of catering to all customers and how businesses can balance the needs of different groups.

**Main Topics**

1. Identifying Key Customer Segments
2. Understanding Customer Needs and Preferences
3. Balancing the Needs of Different Customer Groups
4. The Importance of Providing Alternatives

**Section 1: Identifying Key Customer Segments**

To cater to all customers, businesses need to identify their key segments. These are groups of people who have similar needs and preferences. For example, Starbucks has segments such as working professionals, students, families, and people with substance abuse issues.

**Section 2: Understanding Customer Needs and Preferences**

Once businesses have identified their key segments, they need to understand their needs and preferences. This can be done through surveys, focus groups, or simply observing customer behavior. For instance, Starbucks realized that some customers were looking for a place to relax and connect with others, while others were seeking a quiet environment to work.

**Section 3: Balancing the Needs of Different Customer Groups**

Businesses must balance the needs of different customer groups to ensure that everyone feels welcome. This can be challenging, but it is essential to maintain a diverse customer base. For example, Starbucks could have considered offering both alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks in the evening to cater to both working professionals who want to stay focused and people recovering from substance abuse who want a safe space.

**Section 4: The Importance of Providing Alternatives**

Providing alternatives is crucial when catering to all customers. Businesses should offer options that appeal to different preferences and needs. For example, if Starbucks had provided non-alcoholic drinks and a quiet atmosphere, it could have accommodated both working professionals and people recovering from substance abuse.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, catering to all customers is essential for businesses to thrive. By identifying key segments, understanding their needs and preferences, and balancing the needs of different groups, businesses can provide alternatives that appeal to everyone. This not only increases profitability but also fosters a sense of community and belonging.

**Glossary**

- Key Customer Segments: Groups of people who have similar needs and preferences.
- Needs and Preferences: The things that people want or desire.
- Balancing the Needs of Different Customer Groups: Meeting the needs of multiple customer segments without favoring one over another.
- Alternatives: Options that appeal to different preferences and needs.

**Self-Debate Discussion**

Do you think Starbucks made the right decision by selling alcohol in the evening? Why or why not?


text: News For This Month:. What you Should Know Before Hiring a Property Management Company. The number of people investing in real estate and owning rental problems has increased significantly in the last few years because of several reasons and benefits. Enlisting the services of a property management company to oversee property care and management of your investor comes as a relief in several ways. If you have decided to hire a property management company, there are several services you should for in the before hiring them. You can read more on the services to look for in a property management company below.. One thing more difficult that dealing with a defaulter is having to evict a tenant from your property regardless of the reason, however, the entire process can be handled by a property management company if you ensure its availability when hiring their services.. Finding the best property management company can be a challenge but you can pull it off by considering a few things like reviews and using Google.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Choose the Best Property Management Company

## Introduction
Property management companies play a crucial role in ensuring that your rental property is well taken care of. They handle everything from finding tenants, collecting rent, and maintaining the property. However, not all property management companies are created equal. In this lesson, we will learn how to choose the best property management company for your rental property.

## Section 1: Importance of Hiring a Property Management Company
Hiring a property management company can save you time, effort, and money. They handle all the tasks related to managing your rental property, including finding tenants, collecting rent, and maintaining the property. This leaves you free to focus on other aspects of your life. Additionally, a property management company can help you avoid legal troubles, such as evicting tenants.

## Section 2: Services to Look for in a Property Management Company
When choosing a property management company, there are several services you should look for. These include:

1. Tenant Screening: A good property management company will screen tenants thoroughly to ensure they have a good rental history and can afford the rent.

2. Rent Collection: The company should collect rent from tenants and deposit it into your account promptly.

3. Maintenance and Repairs: A property management company should handle all maintenance and repair issues, including emergency repairs.

4. Eviction Services: If necessary, the company should be able to handle the entire eviction process.

5. Accounting and Reporting: The company should provide regular reports on the financial performance of your rental property.

6. Communication: The company should keep you informed about the status of your property and any issues that arise.

7. Legal Compliance: The company should be knowledgeable about local and federal laws related to rental properties and ensure compliance.

## Section 3: How to Choose the Best Property Management Company
Choosing the best property management company can be challenging. However, by considering the following factors, you can make an informed decision:

1. Reputation: Look for a company with a good reputation in the industry. You can check online reviews, ask for references, or contact the local Better Business Bureau.

2. Experience: Choose a company with experience managing properties similar to yours. This will ensure that they know the ins and outs of your type of property.

3. Services: Make sure the company offers all the services you need. If you require a specific service, such as eviction services, ensure that the company provides it.

4. Fees: Compare the fees charged by different companies. Some charge a percentage of the monthly rent, while others charge a flat fee or a combination of both.

5. Communication: Choose a company that communicates well and is responsive to your needs. You should feel comfortable contacting them whenever you have a question or concern.

6. Contract: Read the contract carefully before signing. Make sure you understand all the terms and conditions, including fees, services provided, and termination policies.

## Glossary
- Property management company: A company that handles all aspects of managing a rental property, including finding tenants, collecting rent, and maintaining the property.
- Tenant screening: The process of evaluating a potential tenant's rental history, income, and credit score to determine their suitability as a tenant.
- Rent collection: The process of collecting rent from tenants and depositing it into the landlord's account.
- Maintenance and repairs: The process of handling all maintenance and repair issues, including emergency repairs.
- Eviction services: The process of handling the entire eviction process if necessary.
- Accounting and reporting: The process of providing regular reports on the financial performance of the rental property.
- Communication: The process of keeping the landlord informed about the status of the property and any issues that arise.
- Legal compliance: Knowledge of local and federal laws related to rental properties and ensuring compliance.

## Conclusion
In conclusion, hiring a property management company can save you time, effort, and money. By looking for specific services and considering factors such as reputation, experience, and communication, you can choose the best property management company for your rental property. With the right property management company, you can sit back, relax, and let someone else handle the hassle of managing your rental property.


text:
Occurrence of Seed Coat Mottling in Soybean Plants Inoculated with Bean pod mottle virus and Soybean mosaic virus.
Soybean seed coat mottling often has been a problematic symptom for soybean growers and the soybean industry. The percentages of seed in eight soybean lines with seed coat mottling were evaluated at harvest after inoculating plants during the growing season with Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV), Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and both viruses inside an insect-proof cage in the field. Results from experiments conducted over 2 years indicated that plants infected with BPMV and SMV, alone or in combination, produced seed coat mottling, whereas noninoculated plants produced little or no mottled seed. BPMV and SMV inoculated on the same plants did not always result in higher percentages of mottled seed compared with BPMV or SMV alone. There was significant virus, line, and virus-line interaction for seed coat mottling. The non-seed-coat-mottling gene (Im) in Williams isoline L77-5632 provided limited, if any, protection against mottling caused by SMV and none against BPMV. The Peanut mottle virus resistance gene Rpv1 in Williams isoline L85-2308 did not give any protection against mottling caused by SMV, whereas the SMV resistance gene Rsv1 in Williams isoline L78-379 and the resistance gene or genes in the small-seeded line L97-946 gave high levels of protection against mottling caused by SMV. The correlations (r = 0.77 for year 2000 and r = 0.89 for year 2001) between virus infection of the parent plant and seed coat mottling were significant (P = 0.01), indicating that virus infection of plants caused seed coat mottling.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Plant Viruses and their Effects on Soybean Seeds

**Objective:** To introduce students to plant viruses and their effects on soybean seeds.

**Materials:**
- Images of soybean plants with mottled seeds
- Images of healthy soybean seeds
- Whiteboard or chart paper for drawing diagrams
- Markers or chalk

**Introduction:**
Plant viruses are microorganisms that can infect plants and cause diseases. These viruses can affect the growth and development of plants, leading to reduced yields and even death. In this lesson, we will learn about a specific plant virus called Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) and Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and their effects on soybean seeds.

**Section 1: What is a plant virus?**
A plant virus is a small infectious agent that can only reproduce inside a plant cell. It is made up of genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protective coat. When a plant virus infects a plant, it can interfere with the plant's normal processes, causing disease.

**Section 2: How do plant viruses affect soybean seeds?**
Soybean plants can be infected with BPMV and SMV, which are two common plant viruses. These viruses can cause the soybean seeds to develop mottled spots on their outer coat. This mottling can make the seeds look unappealing and reduce their value for farmers. In addition, mottled seeds may not germinate as well as healthy seeds, which can lead to lower crop yields.

**Section 3: Experiment with soybean plants**
In this experiment, we will investigate the effect of BPMV and SMV on soybean seeds. We will inoculate soybean plants with these viruses and observe the percentage of mottled seeds produced.

**Procedure:**
1. Plant soybean seeds in a controlled environment (e.g., a greenhouse).
2. Inoculate some of the plants with BPMV, some with SMV, and some with both viruses.
3. Monitor the plants throughout the growing season and record the percentage of mottled seeds produced by each plant.

**Results:**
Results from the experiment showed that plants infected with BPMV and SMV, alone or in combination, produced seed coat mottling, whereas non-inoculated plants produced little or no mottled seed. BPMV and SMV inoculated on the same plants did not always result in higher percentages of mottled seed compared with BPMV or SMV alone. There was significant virus, line, and virus-line interaction for seed coat mottling.

**Section 4: The Im gene**
The non-seed-coat-mottling gene (Im) in Williams isoline L77-5632 is a gene that helps protect soybean plants from developing mottled seeds. This gene can be used by plant breeders to develop new soybean varieties that are resistant to BPMV and SMV.

**Conclusion:**
In conclusion, plant viruses like BPMV and SMV can cause mottling in soybean seeds, which can reduce their value for farmers and lead to lower crop yields. By understanding the effects of these viruses on soybean seeds, scientists and plant breeders can work to develop new varieties that are resistant to these diseases.


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textbook:
Lesson: Practical Training for College and University Students
Introduction:
Practical training is an essential part of college and university education. It helps students to apply the theoretical knowledge they have acquired in class to real-world situations. In this lesson, we will discuss the importance of practical training, its benefits, and how to find a practical work placement.
Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is that practical training is an essential part of college and university education. It helps students to apply the theoretical knowledge they have acquired in class to real-world situations.
Lesson Outline:
I. Introduction
- Definition of practical training
- Importance of practical training
- Benefits of practical training
II. Finding a Practical Work Placement
- How to find a practical work placement
- Requirements for a practical work placement
- Tips for finding a practical work placement
III. The Benefits of Practical Training
- Developing practical skills
- Applying theoretical knowledge to real-world situations
- Building professional networks
- Enhancing employability
IV. Conclusion
- Summary of the lesson
- Importance of practical training in college and university education
- How to apply the skills gained from practical training to new problems
Glossary:
- Practical Training: A form of learning that involves hands-on experience in a real-world setting.
- Work Placement: A position or assignment in a workplace where a student gains practical experience.
- Employability: The ability to obtain and maintain employment.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, practical training is an essential part of college and university education. It helps students to develop practical skills, apply theoretical knowledge to real-world situations, and enhance their employability. By finding a practical work placement, students can gain valuable experience and build professional networks that will help them in their future careers.


text: (Long time lurker, first time posting). Vij has launched a new food truck here on the west coast this week. He was shaking hands with everyone in the line up on its first day, and I got the opportunity to talk to him and tell him that IMO the "wrong chef" won. He told me there was a LOT of heated discussion that wasn't shown on the program and that Mark had a problem with the "family style" serving of Jonathan's main dish. Vij also said that Jonathan's curry was amazing!. Sounds to me that the finale should have be called "Mark's Choice" and not Top Chef Canada!. [By the way, the food at Vij's food truck was pretty amazing itself - looking forward to the opportunity to go back and try the Prawn Coconut Curry!]

textbook:
Lesson: Core Value - Integrity
Introduction:
Integrity is the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles. It is an essential value that helps us build trust, respect, and credibility in our personal and professional lives. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of integrity, its impact on our relationships, and how it can help us make better decisions.
Section 1: Importance of Integrity
Topic 1: Definition of Integrity
- Integrity is defined as the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles.
- It involves being truthful, transparent, and consistent in our actions, values, methods, and principles.
- People with integrity are known for their ability to tell the truth, even when it is difficult or uncomfortable.
Topic 2: Impact of Integrity on Relationships
- Integrity plays a crucial role in building trust and respect in our personal and professional relationships.
- When we are honest and have strong moral principles, people trust us and are more likely to cooperate with us.
- On the other hand, when we lack integrity, people lose trust in us and may avoid us.
Topic 3: Integrity and Better Decision Making
- Integrity helps us make better decisions by providing us with a clear set of values and principles to follow.
- When we act with integrity, we are more likely to make decisions that align with our values and principles.
- This helps us avoid making decisions that may compromise our integrity or harm others.
Questions and Answers:
1. What is integrity?
Answer: Integrity is the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles.
2. Why is integrity important?
Answer: Integrity is important because it helps us build trust and respect in our personal and professional relationships. It also helps us make better decisions by providing us with a clear set of values and principles to follow.
3. How does lack of integrity affect relationships?
Answer: Lack of integrity can damage relationships by causing people to lose trust in us.
Section 2: Examples of Integrity in Action
Topic 1: Vij's Food Truck
- Vij, the winner of Top Chef Canada, launched a new food truck on the west coast this week.
- Despite being portrayed as the "wrong chef" who won the competition, Vij maintained his integrity by being honest and transparent about the heated discussion that wasn't shown on the program.
- He also acknowledged the amazing food at his food truck and the opportunity to try the Prawn Coconut Curry again.
Topic 2: Jonathan's Curry
- Jonathan, another contestant on Top Chef Canada, created an amazing curry that even impressed the judge who didn't think he deserved to win.
- Despite not winning, Jonathan maintained his integrity by being gracious and humble about his loss.
- He also recognized the talent and skill of the winner, Vij, and acknowledged that he deserved to win.
Questions and Answers:
1. What are some examples of integrity in action?
Answer: Some examples of integrity in action include Vij's honesty about the heated discussion on the show and Jonathan's graciousness about his loss.
2. How did Vij maintain his integrity despite being portrayed as the "wrong chef"?
Answer: Vij maintained his integrity by being honest and transparent about the heated discussion that wasn't shown on the program.
Section 3: Conclusion
In conclusion, integrity is an essential value that helps us build trust, respect, and credibility in our personal and professional lives. By being honest and having strong moral principles, we can build stronger relationships and make better decisions. We can learn from the examples of integrity in action demonstrated by Vij and Jonathan on Top Chef Canada. By applying these principles in our own lives, we can become people of integrity who are admired and respected by others.


text: Looking for Shower Doors Shower Doors for Buena Park character. and value to your home in Buena Park.. HOW WE CAN HELP. AllGlass Bath works directly with home owners, builders, remodelers. and interior designers on projects. of all sizes.. (909) 931-3150. Thoughtful Design. There are hundreds of choices when it comes to the design of your perfect shower or bath enclosure for your home in Buena Park. You can incorporate the components in a variety of ways to satisfy every member of the family. Our professional designers work with you to develop the perfect mixture of style and function that matches relaxing, these tubs are extremely luxurious and provide the perfect place to wind down after a long day at the office or school. We also offer walk in tubs, which are perfect for individuals with limited mobility or special needs..

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Shower Doors

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
In this lesson, we will learn about shower doors and their importance in home design. Shower doors are an essential component of any bathroom, as they provide both functionality and style. They come in various shapes, sizes, and materials, making them versatile and adaptable to different bathroom designs.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
Let's consider a practical example. Suppose you want to replace your old bathtub with a new shower enclosure. You visit AllGlass Bath's website and browse through their collection of shower doors. You find a design that complements your bathroom's existing decor and selects it. The next step is to consult with a professional designer who will help you choose the right accessories and finishes to complete the look.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Now let's imagine that you have completed the installation of your new shower enclosure. You turn on the water and step inside to take your first shower. The warm water cascades down onto the sleek glass door, creating a soothing sensation that makes you feel relaxed and rejuvenated. As you lather up with soap, you appreciate the clean lines and modern design of your new shower enclosure, which adds value and character to your home in Buena Park.

## Glossary
- Shower Door: A door that is designed to be used in a shower or bath enclosure.
- Bathtub: A large, deep container filled with water and used for bathing.
- Accessories: Additional items that enhance the functionality and aesthetic appeal of a shower enclosure.
- Finishes: The surface treatment applied to a shower door, such as framing or hardware.

## Conclusion
In conclusion, shower doors are an essential component of any bathroom, providing both functionality and style. By selecting the right design and accessories, you can create a shower enclosure that complements your existing decor while adding value and character to your home in Buena Park. Remember that the key to finding the perfect shower door is to work with a professional designer who understands your needs and preferences.


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textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Computer Programming

**Lesson Objective:** To introduce students to the basics of computer programming and its applications.

**Lesson Outline:**

1. What is Computer Programming?
2. Why Learn Computer Programming?
3. Basic Concepts in Computer Programming
4. Types of Programming Languages
5. Practical Examples of Programming Languages
6. How to Write a Simple Program
7. Debugging and Troubleshooting
8. Future Careers in Computer Programming

**Section 1: What is Computer Programming?**

Computer programming is the process of designing and writing instructions that computers can understand and execute. These instructions are written in a programming language, which is a set of rules that the computer uses to interpret and execute the program.

**Section 2: Why Learn Computer Programming?**

There are many reasons why someone would want to learn computer programming. Some of these reasons include:

- It is a highly sought-after skill in the job market.
- It can help you automate tasks and make your life easier.
- It can help you create games, websites, and other software applications.
- It can help you solve complex problems and think critically.

**Section 3: Basic Concepts in Computer Programming**

There are several basic concepts that you need to know before you start learning computer programming. These include:

- Variables: These are used to store data values that can be changed during the program's execution.
- Control Structures: These are used to control the flow of the program and include loops, conditionals, and functions.
- Data Types: These are used to define the type of data that a variable can hold, such as integers, strings, or booleans.
- Operators: These are used to perform operations on variables, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division.

**Section 4: Types of Programming Languages**

There are many different types of programming languages, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Some of the most popular programming languages include:

- Python: This is a high-level, easy-to-learn language that is commonly used for web development, data analysis, and machine learning.
- Java: This is a versatile, object-oriented language that is commonly used for creating desktop and mobile applications, as well as web applications.
- C++: This is a low-level, powerful language that is commonly used for developing operating systems, device drivers, and video games.
- JavaScript: This is a scripting language that is commonly used for creating interactive web pages and web applications.

**Section 5: Practical Examples of Programming Languages**

Here are some practical examples of how each of these programming languages can be used:

- Python:
```python
print("Hello, World!")
```
- Java:
```java
public class HelloWorld {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Hello, World!");
    }
}
```
- C++:
```c++
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    cout << "Hello, World!" << endl;
    return 0;
}
```
- JavaScript:
```javascript
console.log("Hello, World!");
```

**Section 6: How to Write a Simple Program**

Here is an example of how to write a simple program in Python that prints "Hello, World!" to the console:

```python
print("Hello, World!")
```

**Section 7: Debugging and Troubleshooting**

Debugging is the process of finding and fixing errors in your code. When debugging, you should always follow these steps:

1. Read the error message carefully and try to understand what went wrong.
2. Check your code for syntax errors or typos.
3. Use print statements to debug your code and see what values are being assigned to variables.
4. Try simplifying your code until you find the source of the error.

**Section 8: Future Careers in Computer Programming**

There are many exciting careers available in computer programming. Some of these careers include:

- Software Developer: This person designs and develops software applications, such as video games or mobile apps.
- Data Scientist: This person analyzes data and creates models to predict future trends and behaviors.
- Web Developer: This person creates and maintains websites and web applications.
- Machine Learning Engineer: This person develops and trains machine learning models to solve complex problems.

**Glossary:**

- Variable: A named storage location that can hold a value.
- Control Structure: A set of instructions that control the flow of a program.
- Data Type: A classification of data that determines the type of values that can be stored in a variable.
- Operator: A symbol that performs a mathematical operation on two or more values.

**Conclusion:**

Computer programming is a powerful skill that can help you automate tasks, create software applications, and solve complex problems. By learning the basics of computer programming, you can open up a world of opportunities and become a valuable asset in the job market.