text: India-Myanmar Relations: Assessing New Dynamics. World Focus, N. 417, September 2014. Monish Tourangbam, Assistant Professor, Department of Geopolitics and International Relations, Manipal University. Ramya P.S, Junior Research Fellow, National Institute of Advanced Studies. In recent times, few other events in world politics has garnered the attention of practitioners and scholars as the relative opening of Myanmar has done, erstwhile under the iron fist rule of the military. While countries increasingly make a beeline to engage resource-rich and strategically located Myanmar, several challenges remain, both internal and external in nature. As India envisions a more comprehensive and more broad-based relationship with Myanmar in its new avatar, New Delhi has to juggle amidst challenges emerging out of Myanmar’s own political dynamics in addition to India’s security concerns, its economic ambitions and the strategic dimensions of an emerging balance of power game in Asia.

textbook:
Lesson: India-Myanmar Relations: Assessing New Dynamics
Introduction:
India-Myanmar relations have been an important topic in international relations. With the opening up of Myanmar, there has been increased interest in understanding the dynamics of this relationship. This lesson will explore the challenges and opportunities that India faces in its relationship with Myanmar.
Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is to understand the complexities of India-Myanmar relations and the challenges that India faces in its engagement with Myanmar.
Section 1: Understanding India-Myanmar Relations
Topic: India-Myanmar Relations: An Overview
Objective: To provide an overview of India-Myanmar relations and their historical context.
Content:
- India and Myanmar share a long history of cultural, religious, and political ties.
- India was one of the first countries to recognize Myanmar's independence in 1948.
- India played a crucial role in Myanmar's struggle for democracy during the 1980s and 1990s.
- India has provided significant aid to Myanmar in areas such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure development.
Questions and Answers:
- What are the historical ties between India and Myanmar?
- How has India supported Myanmar's struggle for democracy?
- What areas has India provided aid to in Myanmar?
Section 2: Challenges in India-Myanmar Relations
Topic: Challenges in India-Myanmar Relations
Objective: To identify the challenges that India faces in its engagement with Myanmar.
Content:
- India's security concerns due to insurgent groups operating along the India-Myanmar border.
- The need to balance economic ambitions with strategic concerns in the region.
- The challenge of managing China's growing influence in Myanmar.
- The need to address human rights violations in Myanmar.
Questions and Answers:
- What are the security concerns that India faces due to Myanmar?
- How does India balance its economic ambitions with strategic concerns in the region?
- What is China's role in Myanmar, and how does it affect India?
- How does India address human rights violations in Myanmar?
Section 3: Opportunities in India-Myanmar Relations
Topic: Opportunities in India-Myanmar Relations
Objective: To identify the opportunities that India has in its engagement with Myanmar.
Content:
- The potential for increased trade and investment between India and Myanmar.
- The opportunity to develop infrastructure projects such as the Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project.
- The potential for collaboration in areas such as agriculture, education, and capacity building.
- The opportunity to strengthen diplomatic ties and joint efforts in regional and international forums.
Questions and Answers:
- What are the opportunities for increased trade and investment between India and Myanmar?
- What is the Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project, and how can it benefit India and Myanmar?
- In what areas can India collaborate with Myanmar?
- How can India and Myanmar strengthen their diplomatic ties?
Conclusion:
In conclusion, India-Myanmar relations are complex and multifaceted. While there are challenges, there are also opportunities for India to engage with Myanmar. By understanding the historical context, identifying the challenges, and exploring the opportunities, India can build a strong and mutually beneficial relationship with Myanmar.
Glossary:
- Insurgent Groups: Armed groups that operate outside the control of the government.
- Balance of Power: A situation in which no single country or group of countries has complete control over the others.
- Capacity Building: The process of developing the skills, knowledge, and abilities of individuals and organizations to enable them to perform better.
- Diplomatic Ties: The relationships between countries, including their governments and representatives.


text:
Good Thymes

Thanks to my Hometown Seeds and ample garden space I now have an herb garden providing a plethora of scents and flavors. The thyme and sage have done particularly well. Problem is, I’m not very familiar with either of these herbs, usually opting instead for the always-amazing rosemary or basil.

What to do with all this thyme?!

Seeing as how it was nearly the weekend (a respectable Thursday night) booze came to mind. And lime because it’s delicious, refreshing, and rhymes with thyme.

Good Thymes Melon Cooler

Makes two drinks

~6 tablespoons gin (or not! This would make a delicious “virgin” cocktail too!)

juice from one lime

2 chunks of lime, rind and all (wash first!)

leaves from two-three springs of thyme

~1/2 cup cubed watermelon

Everything goes into a blender

note: the lime rind adds a lovely little bitterness that compliments the gin nicely. you may want to start with one little chunk and adjust to taste.

Blend away!

Fill a cocktail shaker with ice, add contents of blender, shake vigorously for 10 seconds, pour into glasses. The shaker will strain out most of the little bits of lime zest and pulp but you may end up with a some in the bottom of your glass.

If you don’t have a shaker you could always add a cube of ice to the blender. I wouldn’t add more than a cube or two though because it will dilute the drink too much.

A melony mix of sweet, sour, and bitter! Good times…

Thyme is a really good source of beta-carotene, a vitamin I’ve been upping my intake of lately. A cocktail with vitamin A from the watermelon, C from the melon and lime, and beta-carotene from the herb? Make mine a double! 😉

What’s your favorite way to use thyme? Or time?!

As far as time, spending it outdoors is always good in my book! Tate and I just decided on a whim to head to WV after work and join my family on a lakeside camping trip.

Your drink looks fabulous. I grew lemon thyme this year and it’s really flourishing. I’ve been using the little branches I snip off with baked fish and chicken. It’s a mild but nice flavor. I’m going to try it with broiled tomatoes next.

Social

Hi, I'm Faith! New? Check out I Am for my story, I Cook for recipes, and I Move for some motivation to get moving! I'd love to hear from you, e-mail me gracefulfitness@live.com
Header photo: Meredith Coe

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Herbs - Thyme and Sage

### Overview
In this lesson, we will learn about two common herbs used in cooking - thyme and sage. We will explore their origins, uses, and benefits, as well as how to grow them in our gardens. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to identify these herbs, understand their culinary applications, and even make a delicious cocktail using thyme and lime.

### Section 1: Introduction to Thyme and Sage
Thyme and sage are two popular herbs used in cooking. They both belong to the mint family and have been used for centuries for their medicinal and culinary properties. Thyme is native to Europe and North Africa, while sage is native to the Mediterranean region. Both herbs have a long history of use in traditional medicine, with thyme being used to treat respiratory problems and sage being used to treat digestive issues.

### Section 2: Uses and Benefits of Thyme and Sage
Thyme is commonly used in French, Italian, and Mediterranean cuisine. It has a slightly sweet, floral flavor that pairs well with meats, vegetables, and soups. Thyme is also known for its medicinal properties, with studies showing that it can have antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. It can be used to treat respiratory problems like coughs and colds, as well as skin conditions like acne.

Sage is known for its pungent, earthy flavor and is often used in stuffing, roasting, and braising. It is also used in traditional medicine to treat digestive issues, such as indigestion and bloating. Sage contains compounds that may help lower blood sugar levels and improve brain function.

### Section 3: Growing Thyme and Sage
Both thyme and sage are easy to grow in your garden. They prefer well-draining soil and full sun exposure. You can start with seeds or seedlings and transplant them into your garden. Be sure to give them enough space to grow, as they can become quite large. Once established, they are fairly drought-tolerant and require minimal maintenance.

### Section 4: Good Thymes Melon Cooler Recipe
Now that you know a little more about thyme and sage, let's try a recipe that showcases their flavors. This Good Thymes Melon Cooler is a refreshing and delicious drink that combines gin, lime, thyme, and watermelon. Here's how to make it:

Ingredients:
- 6 tablespoons gin
- juice from one lime
- 2 chunks of lime (wash first!)
- leaves from two-three springs of thyme
- 1/2 cup cubed watermelon

Instructions:
1. Blend everything in a blender until smooth.
2. Fill a cocktail shaker with ice, add the blended mixture, and shake well.
3. Strain the mixture into glasses and serve immediately.

### Conclusion
We've learned about the history, uses, and benefits of thyme and sage, as well as how to grow them in our gardens. We also tried a delicious recipe that showcases their flavors in a Good Thymes Melon Cooler. With this knowledge, you can confidently identify these herbs, understand their culinary applications, and even make your own cocktail using thyme and lime.


text: Germany financial inclusion of vulnerable groups: forcibly displaced persons.. As outlined in the Priorities Paper, in 2017 the GPFI and its Subgroups will also pursue work on other important topics, including remittances (including efforts to strengthen competition, use of new digital technologies, improving transaction infrastructure of strengthening consumer protection), financial literacy (assessment of financial literacy in G20 countries), and further work on implementation of the Recommendations in the 2016 GPFI White Paper, Global Standard-Setting Bodies and Financial Inclusion: The Evolving Landscape.. Germany will host formal GPFI meetings in January and in July 2017:. - GP

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Financial Inclusion

Overview:
Financial inclusion refers to the provision of access to appropriate and affordable financial services, such as credit, savings, insurance, and fund transfers, to vulnerable groups, including forcibly displaced persons. This lesson will introduce students to the concept of financial inclusion and its importance in promoting economic growth and reducing poverty.

Section 1: What is Financial Inclusion?

**Question:** What is financial inclusion?

**Answer:** Financial inclusion refers to the provision of access to appropriate and affordable financial services, such as credit, savings, insurance, and fund transfers, to vulnerable groups, including forcibly displaced persons.

**Question:** Why is financial inclusion important?

**Answer:** Financial inclusion is important because it enables people to participate in the economy, save for the future, invest in businesses, and cushion themselves against unexpected events. It also helps reduce poverty and promote economic growth.

Section 2: The Importance of Financial Inclusion

**Question:** Why is financial inclusion important for vulnerable groups?

**Answer:** Financial inclusion is particularly important for vulnerable groups, such as forcibly displaced persons, because it enables them to access financial services that can help them rebuild their lives and participate in the economy.

**Question:** What are some examples of vulnerable groups?

**Answer:** Some examples of vulnerable groups include low-income households, women, youth, and forcibly displaced persons.

Section 3: The Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion (GPFI)

**Question:** What is the GPFI?

**Answer:** The GPFI is a global partnership that brings together policymakers, private sector representatives, and international organizations to promote financial inclusion.

**Question:** What are the priorities of the GPFI?

**Answer:** The priorities of the GPFI include remittances, financial literacy, and further work on implementation of the Recommendations in the 2016 GPFI White Paper, Global Standard-Setting Bodies and Financial Inclusion: The Evolving Landscape.

Conclusion:

Financial inclusion is an important topic that affects the lives of many people around the world. By understanding the concept of financial inclusion and the work of the GPFI, we can begin to explore ways to promote financial inclusion and reduce poverty. As we continue to learn about this topic, we will be better equipped to apply our skills to new problems and make a positive impact in the world.


text: Secondary menu. Title. Projects. The Center for Information Research and Innovation (CIRI) projects involve research by scholars and students at the San José State University School of Library and Information Science.. The research projects cover a broad range of topics such as digital records and curation, information access and use, library and information science online learning, new literacies and learning, management and leadership, social dynamics of information, and technological innovation and change.. CIRI’s work is guided by an international advisory board of leading researchers from the academy, government, and industry.. To learn more, please read about a few featured projects, current research, and completed CIRI projects.

textbook:
**Lesson: Research Methods in Information Science**

**Introduction**

Research is an essential part of the field of information science. It helps us understand how people interact with information, how to improve access to information, and how to create new tools and technologies that make information more accessible. In this lesson, we will explore the different methods used in information science research and learn how to design and conduct our own studies.

**Section 1: Types of Research Methods**

There are several types of research methods used in information science, including:

1. Qualitative methods: These methods involve collecting non-numerical data, such as interviews, observations, and documents. They are useful for understanding people's experiences and perspectives.

2. Quantitative methods: These methods involve collecting numerical data, such as surveys or experiments. They are useful for testing hypotheses and making generalizations about a population.

3. Mixed methods: These methods involve using both qualitative and quantitative methods in a single study. They are useful for gaining a deeper understanding of a phenomenon.

4. Action research: This method involves researchers working collaboratively with a group to solve a problem. It is useful for creating change and improving practices.

**Section 2: Designing a Research Study**

To design a research study, we need to consider several factors, including:

1. Research question: What is the main question we want to answer?

2. Research design: How will we collect and analyze data to answer the question?

3. Participants: Who will we study? Should we include everyone, or just a sample of the population?

4. Data collection methods: What tools will we use to collect data? For example, surveys, interviews, or observations.

5. Data analysis: How will we analyze the data to answer our research question?

6. Ethical considerations: How will we ensure that our research is fair and does not harm anyone?

**Section 3: Conducting a Research Study**

Once we have designed our research study, we need to conduct it. This involves:

1. Recruiting participants: How will we find people to participate in our study?

2. Collecting data: How will we gather data from our participants?

3. Analyzing data: How will we analyze the data we collected?

4. Drawing conclusions: What do our results mean? Can we answer our research question?

5. Reporting our findings: How will we share our results with others?

**Glossary**

- Qualitative data: Non-numerical data, such as interviews or observations.
- Quantitative data: Numerical data, such as survey results or experiment outcomes.
- Mixed methods: A research method that combines both qualitative and quantitative methods.
- Action research: A research method that involves researchers working collaboratively with a group to solve a problem.
- Research design: A plan for collecting and analyzing data to answer a research question.
- Participants: People who take part in a research study.
- Data collection methods: Tools used to gather data, such as surveys or interviews.
- Data analysis: The process of examining data to draw conclusions.
- Ethical considerations: Guidelines that help researchers ensure that their research is fair and does not harm anyone.

**Conclusion**

In this lesson, we learned about the different methods used in information science research and how to design and conduct our own studies. We also learned about the importance of considering factors such as research question, participants, and data collection methods when designing a research study. By understanding these concepts, we can apply our skills to new problems and contribute to the field of information science.


text: Research Reports. Research reports from Argus help you make better investment decisions. Leverage these to understand future stock performance and identify high performing investment ideas. You can also filter these to get relevant data aligned with your investing style and specific interest areas.. 1-50 of 50 results. Date Range. investment rating. report type. sector. provider

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand Research Reports

Introduction:
Research reports are an essential tool for investors who want to make informed decisions about their investments. These reports provide valuable insights into a company's financial health, market position, and future prospects. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand research reports, including their structure, key components, and how to interpret the information provided.

Section 1: Understanding the Structure of a Research Report

A typical research report follows a standard structure that includes several sections. These sections provide different types of information about the company being analyzed. Here is a brief overview of each section:

1. Executive Summary: This section provides a brief overview of the report's key findings and recommendations. It is usually written last and is meant to summarize the main points of the report.

2. Industry Overview: This section provides an overview of the industry in which the company operates. It includes information about the industry's size, growth rate, and key trends.

3. Company Analysis: This section provides a detailed analysis of the company's financial statements, management team, products or services, and competitive position.

4. Valuation: This section provides an estimate of the company's intrinsic value based on various valuation methods such as discounted cash flow analysis or relative valuation.

5. Recommendation: This section provides the analyst's recommendation for the company's stock based on their analysis. The recommendation could be a buy, hold, or sell recommendation.

6. Risk Factors: This section lists the potential risks that could affect the company's financial performance and stock price.

7. Appendix: This section includes additional data and calculations that support the analysis presented in the report.

Section 2: Key Components of a Research Report

There are several key components of a research report that investors should pay attention to. These components provide crucial information about the company's financial health and future prospects. Here are some of the most important components:

1. Financial Statements: These provide a detailed picture of the company's revenues, expenses, assets, and liabilities. They help investors understand the company's financial performance and profitability.

2. Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A): This section provides insight into the company's management team's view of the business and their plans for the future. It includes information about the company's strategy, key initiatives, and financial performance.

3. Market Share Data: This provides information about the company's share of the market in terms of sales or revenue. It helps investors understand the company's competitive position and market potential.

4. Price-to-Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio): This ratio compares a company's stock price to its earnings per share. It helps investors understand whether the stock is undervalued or overvalued based on its earnings.

5. Return on Equity (ROE): This ratio measures the efficiency with which a company generates profits from its shareholders' equity. It helps investors understand the company's profitability and financial health.

Section 3: Interpreting Research Report Information

Once you have understood the structure and key components of a research report, you can begin to interpret the information provided. Here are some tips for interpreting research report information:

1. Look for trends: Pay attention to trends in financial statements, market share data, and other key metrics. Look for positive or negative trends that could impact the company's future performance.

2. Compare to peers: Compare the company's financial performance and market position to its peers. This can provide insight into the company's competitive advantage or disadvantage.

3. Analyze risk factors: Evaluate the potential risks identified in the report and assess their likelihood and potential impact on the company's financial performance.

4. Consider the recommendation: If the report includes a recommendation, consider the analyst's rationale and whether it aligns with your investment goals and risk tolerance.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding how to read and interpret research reports is an essential skill for any investor. By following the structure of a research report, paying attention to key components, and interpreting the information provided, investors can make informed decisions about their investments. By applying the skills learned in this lesson, investors can identify high-performing investment ideas and make informed decisions about their investments.


text: Description. Details. Model Description: New replacement batteries for the CyberPower PR1000LCDRM1U. Compatibility: CyberPower PR1000LCDRM1U. Condition: Brand new fresh stock. Includes: Four new batteries, a complete set for the CyberPower PR1000LCDRM1U. Warranty: 1 year full replacement warranty included, additional warranty is available.. Life time expectancy: 3-5 years. Manufacturer: UPS Battery Center Ltd.. The CyberPower PR1000LCDRM1U replacement battery set is made of high quality batteries designed to provide excellent performance and long life in UPS applications.. Please install the CyberPower PR1000LCDRM1U batteries in the UPS using the original wiring harness, cables and connectors. Our batteries arrive fully charged, be careful not to short the batteries when installing.. Our batteries are new and always fresh stock. The CyberPower PR1000LCDRM1000LCDRM1U consists of (4) High Quality 6V 7Ah batteries

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding and Replacing Batteries in CyberPower PR1000LCDRM1U UPS

## Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn about the CyberPower PR1000LCDRM1U uninterruptible power supply (UPS) and how to replace its batteries. We will cover the following topics:

1. What is a UPS and why do we need it?
2. How does a UPS work?
3. How to identify the right batteries for your CyberPower PR1000LCDRM1U UPS?
4. How to replace the batteries in your CyberPower PR1000LCDRM1U UPS?
5. How to maintain your CyberPower PR1000LCDRM1U UPS batteries?

## Section 1: What is a UPS and why do we need it?

A UPS is a device that provides backup power to your electronic devices in case of a power outage or fluctuation. It keeps your devices running until you can safely shut them down or switch to a backup power source. This is especially important for devices that store data or run critical operations, such as computers, servers, and medical equipment.

## Section 2: How does a UPS work?

A UPS works by converting the incoming AC power to DC power, then back to AC power with a stabilized voltage. This ensures that your devices receive a consistent and stable power source even during a power outage. The UPS also has a built-in battery that stores energy to provide backup power for a certain amount of time, typically ranging from a few minutes to several hours, depending on the size of the UPS and the capacity of its batteries.

## Section 3: How to identify the right batteries for your CyberPower PR1000LCDRM1U UPS?

To identify the right batteries for your CyberPower PR1000LCDRM1U UPS, you need to know the following information:

1. The model number of your UPS (in this case, it's CyberPower PR1000LCDRM1U).
2. The capacity of the batteries required, which is usually measured in Volt-Amperes (VA).
3. The type of batteries required, which should be compatible with your UPS.

Once you have this information, you can search for replacement batteries that match these specifications. For example, if your UPS requires four 6V 7Ah batteries, you would search for "6V 7Ah replacement batteries for CyberPower PR1000LCDRM1U UPS."

## Section 4: How to replace the batteries in your CyberPower PR1000LCDRM1U UPS?

Replacing the batteries in your CyberPower PR1000LCDRM1U UPS is a straightforward process that involves the following steps:

1. Turn off your devices and unplug them from the UPS.
2. Locate the battery compartment on the back or bottom of the UPS.
3. Disconnect the old batteries from the UPS by removing their cables.
4. Install the new batteries by connecting their cables to the UPS.
5. Close the battery compartment securely.

It is essential to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully and use caution when handling batteries, as they can become dangerous if not handled properly.

## Section 5: How to maintain your CyberPower PR1000LCDRM1U UPS batteries?

To maintain your CyberPower PR1000LCDRM1U UPS batteries and extend their lifespan, follow these tips:

1. Keep the UPS in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
2. Do not overload the UPS with too many devices or devices that draw too much power.
3. Regularly check the battery level indicator on the UPS to ensure that the batteries are still providing backup power.
4. Replace the batteries as soon as they reach the end of their useful life, typically after three to five years.

## Glossary

- UPS: Uninterruptible Power Supply
- VA: Volt-Amperes

## Conclusion

Understanding and replacing the batteries in your CyberPower PR1000LCDRM1U UPS is an essential skill that can help you maintain a reliable power source for your electronic devices. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can confidently replace your UPS batteries and keep your devices running smoothly during power outages.


text:
Prevalence and persistence of stomach ache and headache among children. Follow-up of a cohort of Norwegian children from 4 to 10 years of age.
Results from a prospective cohort of 136 children, from 4 to 10 years of age, indicated that stomach ache was almost as prevalent among preschool children as children of school age. Headache was almost absent among 4-year-olds but prevalent at 10 years of age. Generally, early pain complaints were persistent. The co-occurrence of stomach ache and headache increased from 4% of children at 4 years of age to 20% when they reached 10 years of age.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Epidemiology

**Objective:** To introduce students to the basic concepts of epidemiology and its application in studying the prevalence and persistence of stomach ache and headache among children.

**Materials:** None

**Introduction:** Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this knowledge to control health problems. In this lesson, we will learn about the prevalence and persistence of stomach ache and headache among children using data from a study conducted on a cohort of Norwegian children from 4 to 10 years of age.

**Main Topics:**

1. Prevalence
2. Persistence
3. Co-occurrence

**Sub-Topics:**

1. Prospective Cohort Study
2. Cross-Sectional Study
3. Incidence
4. Risk Factors
5. Odds Ratio
6. Confidence Interval
7. Hypothesis Testing
8. Data Analysis

**Theoretical Concepts:**

1. Prevalence - The proportion of a population with a particular characteristic or disease at a given time.
2. Persistence - The continuation of a behavior, practice, or condition over time.
3. Co-occurrence - The occurrence of two or more conditions or events together in a population.

**Practical Examples:**

1. Suppose we want to study the prevalence of asthma among children in a certain city. We can conduct a cross-sectional study by selecting a random sample of children from different schools and asking their parents if they have ever been diagnosed with asthma.
2. Let's say we want to determine the risk factors for obesity among adults. We can conduct a prospective cohort study by following a group of adults over time and collecting data on their diet, exercise, and weight.

**Glossary:**

1. Prospective Cohort Study - A study that follows a group of individuals over time to determine the relationship between a risk factor and an outcome.
2. Cross-Sectional Study - A study that collects data on a particular population at a single point in time.
3. Incidence - The number of new cases of a disease or condition in a population over a specific period of time.
4. Risk Factors - Characteristics or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing a disease or condition.
5. Odds Ratio - The ratio of the odds of an event occurring to the odds of the event not occurring.
6. Confidence Interval - A range of values within which the true value of a statistic lies with a certain level of confidence.
7. Hypothesis Testing - A statistical method used to test whether a hypothesis is true or false.
8. Data Analysis - The process of cleaning, transforming, and modeling data to extract useful information for decision-making.

**Conclusion:**

In this lesson, we learned about the basic concepts of epidemiology and how they can be applied to study the prevalence and persistence of stomach ache and headache among children. By understanding these concepts, we can gain valuable insights into the health problems facing our communities and develop strategies to address them.


text:
Ali Nokhodchi

Ali obtained his pharmacy degree (PharmD) in 1989 from Tabriz School of Pharmacy, Iran. He completed his PhD on Pharmaceutical Technology at John Moores University, Liverpool in 1996 and has been a qualified pharmacist since 1989.
He held a lectureship (1997 - 2001), and senior lectureship (2001 - 2003) at the School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. During this period he was head of postgraduate studies and also vice-dean for research for a period of 4 years in Tabriz School of Pharmacy.
In 2003 he was appointed as lecturer of pharmaceutics at King’s College London, Department of Pharmacy. He worked as professor of Pharmaceutical Technology at Tabriz School of Pharmacy prior to this appointment as senior lecturer of Pharmaceutics at Medway School of Pharmacy. He has supervised over 85 Mpharm, PharmD, MSc project students and 13 PhD postgraduate students at several institutions in various fields of pharmaceutical technology. At the present he has 4 PhD students in his lab working on particle engineering, dissolution enhancement techniques and controlled release formulations. He is a regular reviewer for many international pharmacy journals and editorial board of several journals in pharmaceutical sciences.
Ali teaches on the MPharm Programme and is module convener of Medicines Design and Manufacture stage 2 (MDM2) within the undergraduate programme. He has published a significant number of papers (over 110 research articles) on various fields of pharmaceutics, mainly, tableting, particle engineering, skin delivery and controlled-release formulations.
back to top

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Pharmaceutical Technology

## Chapter 1: Overview of Pharmaceutical Technology

### Section 1.1: What is Pharmaceutical Technology?

Pharmaceutical Technology refers to the branch of knowledge that deals with the design, manufacture, and distribution of drugs. It involves the study of drug dosage forms, drug delivery systems, and drug stability.

### Section 1.2: Why is Pharmaceutical Technology Important?

Pharmaceutical Technology plays a crucial role in ensuring that medicines are safe, effective, and accessible to patients. It helps in the development of new drugs, improvement of existing drugs, and optimization of drug delivery systems.

### Section 1.3: Who is Involved in Pharmaceutical Technology?

Pharmaceutical Technologists work in various areas such as drug manufacturing, quality control, research and development, and regulatory affairs. They may work in pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, research institutes, or government agencies.

## Chapter 2: Drug Dosage Forms

### Section 2.1: Types of Drug Dosage Forms

There are several types of drug dosage forms, including tablets, capsules, liquids, creams, gels, ointments, and suppositories. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages, depending on factors such as the drug's physicochemical properties, patient needs, and route of administration.

### Section 2.2: Designing Drug Dosage Forms

When designing drug dosage forms, pharmaceutical technologists must consider factors such as drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability. They may also need to take into account patient preferences, such as taste, texture, and appearance.

### Section 2.3: Manufacturing Drug Dosage Forms

Manufacturing drug dosage forms involves several steps, including mixing, granulation, compression, and coating. The process requires careful control of temperature, humidity, and other factors to ensure that the final product meets quality standards.

## Chapter 3: Drug Delivery Systems

### Section 3.1: What is a Drug Delivery System?

A drug delivery system is a method or device that is used to deliver a drug to a specific site within the body. It may involve controlling the rate of drug release, improving drug solubility, or protecting the drug from degradation.

### Section 3.2: Types of Drug Delivery Systems

There are several types of drug delivery systems, including oral, transdermal, pulmonary, and intravenous. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages, depending on factors such as the drug's physicochemical properties, patient needs, and route of administration.

### Section 3.3: Designing Drug Delivery Systems

When designing drug delivery systems, pharmaceutical technologists must consider factors such as drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability. They may also need to take into account patient preferences, such as ease of use, convenience, and comfort.

### Section 3.4: Manufacturing Drug Delivery Systems

Manufacturing drug delivery systems involves several steps, including formulation, packaging, and quality control. The process requires careful control of temperature, humidity, and other factors to ensure that the final product meets quality standards.

## Chapter 4: Drug Stability

### Section 4.1: What is Drug Stability?

Drug stability refers to the ability of a drug to maintain its therapeutic effectiveness over time. It is influenced by factors such as temperature, humidity, and exposure to light and oxygen.

### Section 4.2: Assessing Drug Stability

Pharmaceutical technologists assess drug stability through various tests, such as accelerated stability testing, real-time stability testing, and stress testing. These tests help determine the shelf life of a drug and identify any degradation products that may form during storage.

### Section 4.3: Maintaining Drug Stability

To maintain drug stability, pharmaceutical technologists must carefully control the manufacturing process, packaging materials, and storage conditions. They may also need to develop stable drug formulations and delivery systems that minimize degradation.

## Conclusion

Pharmaceutical Technology plays a vital role in the development, manufacture, and delivery of drugs. By understanding the principles of drug dosage forms, drug delivery systems, and drug stability, pharmaceutical technologists can contribute to the creation of effective, safe, and accessible medications for patients.


text: Posted on behalf of the Bodleian Libraries. We’re pleased to announce that Oxford Clinical Psychology is now available via the University network and via single sign on outside of the University IP range. The package provides full-text access to over 300 titles in Oxford's global clinical psychology publishing program in an integrated online service. Covering a broad range of speciality yields a library of over 300 titles. This comprehensive library of both new and classic titles includes professional reference books, seminal scholarly and research works, and therapist guides and workbooks in the renowned Treatments That Work series.. It’s available now to all members of the University at.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Clinical Psychology

## Section 1: What is Clinical Psychology?

Clinical psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on the assessment and treatment of mental health disorders. Clinical psychologists use various techniques to understand and treat individuals with psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety, and addiction. They work with people of all ages, from children to adults, and provide services in hospitals, clinics, schools, and other settings.

## Section 2: How does Clinical Psychology work?

Clinical psychologists use different approaches to understand and treat mental health disorders. These approaches include:

1. **Psychodynamic therapy**: This approach focuses on uncovering the unconscious motivations and conflicts that shape our behavior. It helps individuals understand how their past experiences may be affecting their current thoughts and actions.

2. **Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)**: This approach focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to mental health disorders. It helps individuals identify and challenge irrational beliefs and develop coping skills to manage their symptoms.

3. **Humanistic therapy**: This approach focuses on the importance of human relationships and self-exploration in achieving personal growth and fulfillment. It helps individuals develop a greater sense of self-awareness and understanding of their emotional needs.

4. **Exposure therapy**: This approach involves gradually exposing individuals to the things they fear or avoid, in order to help them overcome their anxieties.

5. **Play therapy**: This approach uses play to help children express and understand their emotions and experiences.

## Section 3: Applying Clinical Psychology in Real-World Scenarios

Clinical psychology can be applied in various real-world scenarios, such as:

1. **Schools**: Clinical psychologists can work with teachers and parents to identify and support students with mental health issues.

2. **Hospitals**: Clinical psychologists can provide psychological support to patients and their families during medical treatments or while managing chronic illnesses.

3. **Community centers**: Clinical psychologists can offer group therapy or counseling sessions to individuals in the community who are struggling with mental health issues.

4. **Private practice**: Clinical psychologists can set up their own private practices and see clients individually or in groups.

## Conclusion

Clinical psychology is a valuable field that helps individuals manage and overcome mental health disorders. By understanding the different approaches and applying them in various settings, clinical psychologists can make a significant impact on the lives of those they serve.


text:
Q:

How can I retrieve variables from parfor on MATLAB?

I am trying to retrieve a variable I executed on a parfor (parallel for) on MATLAB but I can't. Heres my code:
clear all
clc
matlabpool open 4

parfor i = 1:4
    a = 2^i;
end

matlabpool close

I would like to be able to recover the different values that were executed on the different workers. For example, I would like to access a(1) with a value of 2^1, a(2) with a value of 2^2, and so on. Thank you very much!

A:

You can't have multiple values when you are overwriting a single variable a , Try instead:
clear; clc;
matlabpool open 4

a = zeros(4,1);
parfor i = 1:4
    a(i) = 2^i;
end

matlabpool close

and there are good examples of how to use parfor in matlab documentation of it here.

textbook:
Lesson: Parallel Computing with MATLAB

Introduction:
Parallel computing is a powerful tool for solving complex problems in MATLAB. It allows you to divide a computationally intensive task into smaller parts and execute them simultaneously on multiple processors or cores. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of parallel computing in MATLAB and how to use the "parfor" function to execute loops in parallel.

Section 1: Introduction to Parallel Computing in MATLAB
- Definition of parallel computing
- Why use parallel computing in MATLAB
- Advantages of parallel computing
- Disadvantages of parallel computing
- When to use parallel computing

Section 2: Using "parfor" to Execute Loops in Parallel
- Definition of "parfor"
- Syntax of "parfor"
- Example of "parfor"
- How "parfor" works
- Best practices for using "parfor"

Section 3: Practical Examples of Parallel Computing in MATLAB
- Solving linear equations
- Matrix operations
- Data analysis
- Image processing

Section 4: Troubleshooting Parallel Computing in MATLAB
- Common errors when using parallel computing
- How to diagnose and fix errors
- Tips for optimizing parallel code

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have explored the basics of parallel computing in MATLAB and how to use the "parfor" function to execute loops in parallel. We have covered the advantages and disadvantages of parallel computing, best practices for using "parfor", and practical examples of parallel computing in MATLAB. By following the guidelines in this lesson, you can write efficient and effective parallel code in MATLAB.

Glossary:
- Parallel computing: A form of computation in which several calculations are performed simultaneously by multiple processors or cores.
- "Parfor": A built-in MATLAB function that allows you to execute a loop in parallel.
- Loop: A programming construct that repeats a set of instructions until a specific condition is met.


text:
Ischemia/reperfusion-induced disruption of rat small intestine transit is reversed by total enteral nutrition.
A reduced blood flow to the gut is a consistent event after traumatic shock. Enteral nutrition support has been shown to reduce the septic morbidity after major trauma. We evaluated the effects of a transient ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) and an enteral nutrition support regimen on the motility of the small intestine of the rat. A catheter was placed in the upper duodenum and the small intestine was then made ischemic by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 45 min; the arteries of sham rats were isolated but not clamped. Intestinal transit was evaluated by measuring the amount of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (12 000 MW) in each of 10 intestinal sections at 30 min after injection through the duodenal catheter. The mean geometric center of marker distribution (MGC) was calculated for each group and compared. In a second study, I/R was followed by infusion of saline or a complete nutrient solution overnight, and transit was determined. Intestinal transit (as the MGC) of I/R rats at 24 h after the beginning of reperfusion (3.5 +/- 0.2) and 48 h after the beginning of reperfusion (4.5 +/- 1.1) was significantly lower than that in the respective sham controls (5.1 +/- 0.3 and 5.9 +/- 0.5). The MGC for rats receiving a nutrient solution overnight during the reperfusion phase (6.0 +/- 1.1) was significantly increased compared with the MGC of 4.8 +/- 0.3 for rats receiving saline during the same period. These results demonstrate a long-term deleterious effect of a non-lethal ischemia on intestinal transit and may be one explanation for many of the sequelae occurring after ischemia. In addition, these results demonstrate that a nutrient infusion will prevent the delayed transit. This may provide a partial explanation for the beneficial effects of total enteral nutrition in the clinical situation of posttraumatic injury.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Disruption of Rat Small Intestine Transit

Introduction:
Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is a common condition that occurs when blood flow to a tissue or organ is interrupted and then restored. This can lead to damage to the tissue, including the small intestine. In this lesson, we will explore the effects of IR injury on the small intestine of rats and how enteral nutrition support can help reverse these effects.

Section 1: Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in the Small Intestine
- What is ischemia/reperfusion injury?
- Why does it occur in the small intestine?
- What are the consequences of IR injury on the small intestine?

Section 2: Enteral Nutrition Support and its Effects on IR-Induced Small Intestine Disruption
- What is enteral nutrition support?
- How does it work to reverse the effects of IR injury on the small intestine?
- What are the benefits of enteral nutrition support in this context?

Section 3: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios
- How can we apply this knowledge to patients who have experienced traumatic shock?
- What are some potential complications of IR injury on the small intestine?
- How can enteral nutrition support be used to prevent or treat these complications?

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding the effects of ischemia/reperfusion injury on the small intestine is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies for patients who have experienced traumatic shock. Enteral nutrition support has been shown to be an effective intervention for reducing the risk of septic morbidity in these patients. By providing a clear explanation of the underlying mechanisms and practical examples of how this knowledge can be applied, this lesson aims to equip learners with the tools they need to understand and address this important medical issue.

Glossary:
- Ischemia: A condition in which blood flow to a tissue or organ is reduced, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients.
- Reperfusion: The restoration of blood flow to a tissue or organ after it has been interrupted.
- Enteral nutrition support: A type of nutritional therapy in which nutrients are provided directly to the gastrointestinal tract, typically through a feeding tube.


text:
Wednesday, January 28, 2009

Quotes again!

Life isn't about waiting for the storm to pass,its about learning to dance in the rain.-Anonymous

Certain young men, of which I was one, lecture patient girl friends about how such a life of purity and denial makes perfect sense. -Roger Ebert referring to Into the Wild

In truth, the only restrictions on our capacity to astonish ourselves and each other are imposed by our own minds.-David Blaine

The first right on earth is the right of the ego.-Howard Roark from The Fountainhead

Allah is the Greatest. I'm just the greatest boxer.-Muhammad Ali

We are all capable of infinitely more than we believe. We are stronger and more resourceful than we know, and we can endure much more than we think we can.-David Blaine

02/12/2009

This is what I learned about what being a writer meant in the early 1960s:A writer always wears glasses and never combs his hair. Half the time he feels angry about everything and the other half depressed. He says very 'deep' things. He always has amazing ideas for the plot of his next novel, and hates the one he has just published. A writer has a duty and an obligation never to be understood by his own generation.. A writer understands about things with alarming names, like semiotics, epistemology, neoconcretism. When trying to seduce a woman, a writer says: 'I'm a writer', and scribbles a poem on a napkin. It always works. When invited to say what he is reading at the moment, a writer always mentions a book no one has ever heard of.-Paulo Coelho

17/01/2010This song is Copyrighted in U.S., under Seal of Copyright #154085, for a period of 28 years, and anybody caught singin it without our permission, will be mighty good friends of ours, cause we don't give a darn. Publish it. Write it. Sing it. Swing to it. Yodel it. We wrote it, that's all we wanted to do.-Woody Guthrie

10/05/2010I really believe what happens in the writing experience happens in the reading experience. If there is velocity in the writing, then there will be the same sort of momentum in the reading process.-Micheal Connelly

26/05/2010We just didn't read poetry. We let it drip through our tongues, like honey. Spirits soared, women swooned and Gods were created, gentlemen. Not a bad way to spend an evening, is it?John Keating in The Dead Poets' Society

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Learning

Introduction:
Learning is an essential part of human life. It is the process of acquiring new knowledge, skills, and values that enable us to grow and develop as individuals. Education is the foundation of society, and it plays a crucial role in shaping our future. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of learning and its impact on our lives.

Section 1: The Value of Learning

Topic 1: Learning Enhances Our Understanding of the World

Question: Why is learning important?
Answer: Learning is essential because it broadens our understanding of the world around us. It helps us to see things from different perspectives and to appreciate the beauty and complexity of life.

Topic 2: Learning Helps Us to Grow and Develop

Question: How does learning contribute to our growth and development?
Answer: Learning is a continuous process that enables us to grow and develop throughout our lives. It helps us to acquire new skills, knowledge, and values that shape our character and personality.

Topic 3: Learning Prepares Us for the Future

Question: How does learning prepare us for the future?
Answer: Learning prepares us for the future by equipping us with the necessary knowledge and skills to succeed in our careers and personal lives. It also helps us to adapt to changing circumstances and to make informed decisions.

Section 2: The Impact of Learning

Topic 1: Learning Enhances Our Critical Thinking Skills

Question: How does learning enhance our critical thinking skills?
Answer: Learning exposes us to diverse ideas and perspectives, which helps us to develop critical thinking skills. By analyzing and evaluating information, we become better at making informed decisions and solving complex problems.

Topic 2: Learning Broadens Our Horizons

Question: How does learning broaden our horizons?
Answer: Learning expands our horizons by introducing us to new cultures, ideas, and perspectives. It helps us to appreciate the richness and complexity of human experience and to become more empathetic and compassionate individuals.

Topic 3: Learning Empowers Us

Question: How does learning empower us?
Answer: Learning empowers us by giving us the confidence and tools to pursue our goals and aspirations. It helps us to overcome obstacles and to achieve success in our personal and professional lives.

Conclusion:
Learning is a lifelong journey that enriches our lives and prepares us for the future. It broadens our understanding of the world, enhances our critical thinking skills, and empowers us to achieve our goals. By embracing learning, we become better individuals and contribute positively to society.

Glossary:
- Learning: The process of acquiring new knowledge, skills, and values.
- Education: The process of facilitating learning and the development of knowledge, skills, and values.
- Critical thinking: The process of analyzing and evaluating information to make informed decisions.
- Horizons: The limits of one's knowledge, experience, or vision.
- Empower: To give someone the power or authority to do something.


text:
How to Prepare Yourself for the Cost of Employees

You’ve run the numbers and you know how much you can pay your new hire — but did you know that standard wages and salaries only represent approximately 70% of the total costs of compensation for each employee?

The other 30% comes from benefits like paid time off, health insurance and retirement plans. And this is just the breakdown of compensation and benefits. Entrepreneur estimates the average cost of recruiting, hiring and training a new employee is $4,000, with basic onboarding alone coming in at $400 per employee.

Don’t Panic

These numbers aren’t meant to scare you away from hiring employees — the intent of this piece is to help provide insights on the costs you can expect to incur as an employer.

There are many tangible benefits to hiring employees, such as building a team of individuals dedicated to helping your business succeed. However, just like any investment, you need to make informed decisions based on actual costs of employment.

Why There’s More to a Paycheck Than Salaries and Wages

As an employer, when it comes to paying employees, you will be responsible for federal, state and possibly even local payroll taxes. Payroll taxes, also known as employer taxes, must be applied to every employee — every time you run payroll.

Federal Income Tax

Employers must withhold (take out) federal income tax every time an employee is paid. The amounts are determined by annual tax tables issued by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). These amounts must then be paid on a regular basis to the IRS.

State Income Tax

Most states (with the exception of Alaska, Florida, Nevada, South Dakota, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming) also require that the employer withhold state income tax from every paycheck.

Local Income and Employment Taxes

Depending on where you do business, you may also be subject to local income and employment taxes, such as payroll, transportation and education taxes. These items must also be withheld from every paycheck.

Federal Insurance Contribution Act (FICA) Taxes

For Medicare, the employer withholds 1.45% of the employee’s taxable earnings and contributes an additional 1.45%. (Employees earning over $200,000 pay an additional 0.9%. The employer is not responsible for additional contributions at this level.)

For social security, the employer withholds 6.2% of the employee’s taxable earnings and contributes an additional 6.2% up to maximum taxable earnings of $127,200.

Federal (FUTA) and State (SUTA) Unemployment Taxes

Both of these taxes are 100% employer-paid. The FUTA rate is 6% on the first $7,000 in wages, and SUTA rates vary by state. However, the good news is that the amounts paid in SUTA taxes are credited toward FUTA taxes. Thus, employers can claim up to a 5.4% credit for FUTA (bringing the rate down to 0.6%) as long as the SUTA taxes were paid on time.

Workers’ Compensation and Disability Insurance

While workers’ compensation insurance requirements vary by state, employers are responsible for paying the premiums. California, Hawaii, New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico and Rhode Island also require disability insurance.

Compliance

In addition to withholding and contributing to payroll taxes, employers must also regularly remit (pay) and report these funds to the appropriate tax authorities. Income and payroll tax amounts are also listed in year-end documents, like employee W-2s.

Where to Find More Payroll Tax Information

This interactive payroll tax map from Wagepoint lets you select a state, then scroll down for detailed labor and tax information that directly affects your payroll. For an overview of how payroll taxes work, read this comprehensive guide to payroll taxes.

Managing Administrative Costs

With all of the compliance requirements, the simple act of running payroll can become complex and time-consuming. This is where payroll automation software can help. It’s a tool that businesses can use to streamline basic wage and salary calculations, along with all the compliance components. Many small business payroll providers also integrate with other business applications to further simplify your accounting and bookkeeping processes.

A Bit of a Silver Lining

(Good things come to those who wait and read all the way to the end of an article.) While it may seem like a lot, with tools like Wagepoint, your payroll process can be manageable. Also, as a business, your payroll tax contributions, related accounting and bookkeeping fees, and even your payroll provider fees are considered tax-deductible business expenses.

Author: Blogmaster, content expert and marketing guru at Wagepoint, Michelle Mire is having fun (seriously I am) extolling the virtues of small business payroll and generating articles with actionable advice for small businesses and startups. Michelle probably needs to get out a little more often.

1800Accountant is a national accounting firm that assists small and new businesses in all 50 states, Canada, Australia and the UK. Our mission is to provide small businesses with affordable accounting and tax preparation services. Our experienced team of over 100 in house tax professionals is ready to start working for your business today. Call for a free consultation.

Small Biz Club is the premier destination for small business owners and entrepreneurs. To succeed in business, you have to constantly learn about new things, evaluate what you’re doing, and look for ways to improve—that’s what we’re here to help you do.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Cost of Employees

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the various costs involved in hiring and retaining employees. We will cover the direct and indirect costs, including wages, benefits, recruitment, and training. By understanding these costs, business owners can make informed decisions about their workforce and budget accordingly.

Section 1: Direct Costs of Employees

Direct costs refer to the expenses that are directly related to hiring and retaining employees. These include:

1. Wages and Salaries: This is the amount paid to employees for their work. It includes base pay, overtime pay, and bonuses.

2. Benefits: These are the non-wage benefits provided to employees, such as health insurance, retirement plans, and paid time off.

3. Payroll Taxes: Employers must pay taxes on behalf of their employees, such as Social Security and Medicare taxes.

4. Workers' Compensation Insurance: This insurance covers employees who become injured or ill while on the job.

5. Unemployment Insurance: Employers must pay unemployment insurance taxes for each employee.

Section 2: Indirect Costs of Employees

Indirect costs are the expenses that are not directly related to hiring and retaining employees but are still important to consider. These include:

1. Recruitment and Hiring: This includes advertising, interviewing, and background checks.

2. Training: This includes the time and resources needed to train new employees.

3. Equipment and Supplies: This includes any equipment or supplies needed for employees to perform their jobs.

4. Office Space and Utilities: This includes the cost of renting office space and paying for utilities such as electricity and water.

5. Software and Technology: This includes the cost of software and technology needed for employees to perform their jobs.

Section 3: Calculating the Total Cost of Employees

To calculate the total cost of employees, add up all the direct and indirect costs listed above. Then, divide this number by the number of employees to get the average cost per employee.

Example:

If your business has 10 employees and your total direct and indirect costs are $50,000, your average cost per employee would be:

$50,000 / 10 = $5,000

Conclusion:

Understanding the costs involved in hiring and retaining employees is essential for business owners. By knowing these costs, business owners can make informed decisions about their workforce and budget accordingly. Additionally, this knowledge can help business owners negotiate better deals with suppliers and vendors, leading to overall cost savings.

Glossary:

Direct Costs: Expenses that are directly related to hiring and retaining employees.

Indirect Costs: Expenses that are not directly related to hiring and retaining employees but are still important to consider.

Payroll Taxes: Taxes paid by employers on behalf of their employees, such as Social Security and Medicare taxes.

Workers' Compensation Insurance: Insurance that covers employees who become injured or ill while on the job.

Unemployment Insurance: Taxes paid by employers for each employee.

Recruitment and Hiring: The process of finding and attracting potential employees.

Training: The process of teaching new employees the skills they need to perform their jobs.

Equipment and Supplies: Any tools, machines, or materials needed for employees to perform their jobs.

Office Space and Utilities: The cost of renting office space and paying for utilities such as electricity and water.

Software and Technology: The cost of software and technology needed for employees to perform their jobs.


text: Hungary Nominal GDP Growth. 1996 - 2019 | Quarterly | % | CEIC Data. Hungary’s Nominal GDP Growth was reported at 10.307 % in Mar 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 9.490 % for Dec 2018. Hungary’s Nominal GDP Growth data is updated quarterly, averaging 8.317 % from Mar 1996 to Mar 2019, with 93 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 27.846 % in Mar 1996 and a record low of -5.275 % in Mar 2009. Hungary. Hungarian Central Statistical Office provides Nominal GDP in local currency.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Economic Growth

## Section 1: What is Economic Growth?
Economic growth refers to the increase in the value of goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is typically measured as the percentage change in real gross domestic product (GDP) or gross national product (GNP) over a specific period of time, such as a year or a quarter. Economic growth is an important indicator of the health of an economy and is used to compare the relative strength of different economies.

## Section 2: Understanding Economic Growth
Economic growth can be caused by several factors, including an increase in productivity, an increase in the number of people working, an increase in the amount of capital available for investment, or an increase in the efficiency of the use of resources. Productivity is the amount of output produced per unit of input, such as labor or capital. When productivity increases, businesses can produce more goods and services with the same amount of input, leading to economic growth.

## Section 3: Calculating Economic Growth
Economic growth can be calculated using the formula:

Economic Growth = (Real GDP in current year - Real GDP in previous year) / Real GDP in previous year

This formula calculates the percentage change in real GDP between two years. Real GDP is calculated by adjusting nominal GDP for inflation. Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising and, consequently, the purchasing power of currency is falling.

## Section 4: Analyzing Economic Growth
Economists analyze economic growth to understand how well the economy is doing and to make predictions about future economic conditions. They look at various indicators, such as GDP growth, unemployment rates, and inflation rates, to determine whether the economy is growing, stagnant, or contracting.

## Section 5: Applying Economic Growth
Understanding economic growth is important for individuals, businesses, and governments. For individuals, economic growth means more job opportunities and higher wages. For businesses, it means more customers and higher profits. For governments, it means more tax revenue and a stronger economy.

## Conclusion:
In conclusion, economic growth is an important measure of the health of an economy. By understanding the factors that contribute to economic growth and analyzing the data, individuals, businesses, and governments can make informed decisions about how to invest their time, money, and resources.


text: The Social Theory Centre Postgraduate Seminars will take place in the odd weeks of the second term of 2012-2013 in the Department of Sociology at the University of Warwick. This series is particularly designed for postgraduate students interested in all aspects of social theory; whether based in Sociology or other social science of humanities disciplines – All are welcome.. Some representative themes are as follows:. Ideology | Secularisation | Modernity | Theology and Social Theory | Social Epistemology | Political Philosophy | The Role of Intellectuals. If you would like to present your current research in this seminar series, please send a short abstract of your paper to Daniel Fairbrother <d.j.fairbrother@warwick.ac.uk> or Morteza Hashemi Madani <s.m.hashemi-madani@warwick.ac.uk>.. DEADLINE for sending the abstracts: 21 January 2013

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding Social Theory

Introduction:
Social theory is a branch of knowledge that deals with the study of society and human behavior. It helps us understand how people interact with each other and their environment. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of social theory, its origins, and its relevance in today's world.

Section 1: What is Social Theory?

Social theory is a framework for understanding and explaining the social world. It involves the use of concepts, ideas, and theories to analyze and interpret social phenomena. Social theory is an interdisciplinary field that draws from sociology, anthropology, psychology, political science, economics, and history, among others.

Section 2: Origins of Social Theory

Social theory has its roots in ancient Greek philosophy. However, it was not until the 18th century that social theory began to develop as a distinct academic discipline. The works of philosophers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Immanuel Kant, and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel laid the foundation for modern social theory. In the 19th century, Karl Marx and Max Weber developed their own theories on social stratification and class conflict. These theories were later expanded upon by Emile Durkheim, Ferdinand Tönnies, and Max Weber, among others.

Section 3: Relevance of Social Theory Today

Social theory remains relevant today because it helps us understand complex social issues such as poverty, inequality, and social change. By studying social theory, we can gain insights into how social structures and processes shape our lives. Social theory also helps us understand how different groups interact with each other and how power relationships affect these interactions.

Section 4: Key Concepts in Social Theory

There are several key concepts in social theory that are essential for understanding the social world. These include:

- Social structure: The patterned network of relationships that connect individuals and groups in a society.
- Socialization: The process by which individuals learn the norms, values, and behaviors of their society.
- Social class: A group of individuals who share similar economic, social, and cultural positions in society.
- Social change: The process by which a society evolves over time.
- Socialization: The process by which individuals learn the norms, values, and behaviors of their society.

Section 5: Practical Examples

Let's consider a few practical examples to illustrate the relevance of social theory:

- Poverty: Social theory can help us understand the complex factors that contribute to poverty, such as income inequality, lack of access to education and healthcare, and limited opportunities for employment.
- Gender roles: Social theory can help us understand how gender roles are socially constructed and how they vary across cultures.
- Social movements: Social theory can help us understand how social movements emerge and how they challenge existing power structures.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, social theory is an essential tool for understanding the social world. By studying social theory, we can gain insights into complex social issues and develop a deeper understanding of the world around us. As we continue to explore social theory, we will be better equipped to apply these concepts to real-world situations and make a positive impact on society.

Glossary:
- Social structure: The patterned network of relationships that connect individuals and groups in a society.
- Socialization: The process by which individuals learn the norms, values, and behaviors of their society.
- Social class: A group of individuals who share similar economic, social, and cultural positions in society.
- Social change: The process by which a society evolves over time.
- Socialization: The process by which individuals learn the norms, values, and behaviors of their society.


text:
Synaptic signal transduction aided by noise in a dynamical saturating model.
A generic dynamical model with saturation for neural signal transduction at the synaptic stage is presented. Analysis of this model of a synaptic pathway demonstrates its ability to give rise to stochastic resonance or improvement by noise, at this stage of signal transmission. Beyond the case of the intrinsic threshold nonlinearity of the neuron response, the results extend the feasibility of stochastic resonance to neural saturating dynamics at the synaptic stage. The present results also constitute the exposition of a new type of nonlinear (saturating) dynamics capable of stochastic resonance.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Stochastic Resonance and Synaptic Signal Transduction

Introduction:
In the field of neuroscience, understanding how signals are transmitted across synapses is crucial for understanding how the nervous system processes information. This lesson will explore the concept of stochastic resonance and how it can aid in synaptic signal transduction.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is that stochastic resonance, which is the enhancement of signal transmission by noise, can occur at the synaptic stage of signal transduction.

Lesson Outline:

I. What is Stochastic Resonance?
- Definition: Stochastic resonance is the phenomenon where the presence of noise can actually improve the transmission of a signal.
- Explanation: In simple terms, when a signal is transmitted through a noisy environment, the noise can sometimes help the signal to be detected more easily.

II. The Dynamical Model of Synaptic Signal Transduction
- Explanation: A dynamical model is a mathematical model that describes the behavior of a system over time. In this case, we will be looking at a model that describes the behavior of a synaptic pathway.
- Analysis: By analyzing the model, we can see that the presence of noise can actually improve the transmission of a signal at the synaptic stage.
- Results: The results of the analysis show that the model is capable of giving rise to stochastic resonance or improvement by noise.

III. Practical Examples
- Explanation: Let's look at an example of how stochastic resonance can occur in a synaptic pathway.
- Example: Imagine a neuron that is receiving signals from multiple other neurons. If the signals from some of the neurons are weak, the neuron may not be able to detect them. However, if there is noise present in the system, the neuron may be able to detect the weak signals because the noise can amplify them.
- Discussion: This example shows how stochastic resonance can be beneficial in the context of synaptic signal transduction.

IV. Glossary
- Term: Stochastic Resonance - The phenomenon where the presence of noise can improve the transmission of a signal.
- Term: Dynamical Model - A mathematical model that describes the behavior of a system over time.
- Term: Synaptic Pathway - The connection between two neurons or between a neuron and another cell.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, this lesson has shown that stochastic resonance can occur at the synaptic stage of signal transduction. Understanding this concept can help us better understand how the nervous system processes information and how we can potentially enhance signal transmission in neural networks.


text: PhD Conferral Mr. Diogo Cotta, MSc.. Supervisor: prof.dr. M. Wetzels. Co-supervisor: dr. L. Quintens. "Fix me a Glitch; An empirical investigation of glitch mitigation and inter-functional Transactive Memory Systems in engineer-to-order manufacturing". Organizations face many challenges. Chief among them are: (1) how to respond to unexpected disruptions to operations and (2) how to benefit from knowledge and information contained in personnel’s brains. This dissertation helps organizations address these two challenges simultaneously. It finds that organizations are better able to find adequate solutions to unanticipated occurrences if enough employees are aware of each other’s areas of expertise. This awareness enables more effective solution development during moments of crisis. The dissertation also finds that organizations are able to encourage personnel to develop such awareness through specific policies and human resource selection practices.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Mitigate Glitches in Engineer-to-Order Manufacturing

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about glitches and how to mitigate them in engineer-to-order manufacturing. We will cover the following topics:

1. What is a glitch?
2. Why do glitches occur?
3. How can we mitigate glitches?
4. What is transactive memory?
5. How does transactive memory help in mitigating glitches?
6. Conclusion

Section 1: What is a glitch?
A glitch is an unexpected disruption in the normal operation of a system or process. In engineer-to-order manufacturing, glitches can occur due to errors in design, production, or assembly. These errors can lead to delays, quality issues, and even safety hazards.

Section 2: Why do glitches occur?
Glitches occur because of human error, machine malfunction, or software bugs. These errors can happen at any stage of the manufacturing process, from design to assembly. Glitches can also occur due to changes in the environment, such as temperature or humidity.

Section 3: How can we mitigate glitches?
To mitigate glitches, organizations need to implement a robust quality management system. This system should include the following steps:

1. Identify potential sources of error: Organizations should identify all potential sources of error in the manufacturing process. This includes design errors, production errors, and assembly errors.

2. Implement quality control measures: Organizations should implement quality control measures to detect and correct errors before they become glitches. This includes regular inspections, testing, and audits.

3. Train personnel: Organizations should train personnel to identify and correct errors. This includes providing training on quality control measures and best practices.

4. Use technology: Organizations should use technology to automate processes and reduce human error. This includes using computer-aided design (CAD) software, robotics, and automation.

Section 4: What is transactive memory?
Transactive memory is a concept in psychology that describes how individuals in a group remember and share information. It refers to the process by which group members store and retrieve information in each other's minds.

Section 5: How does transactive memory help in mitigating glitches?
Transactive memory helps in mitigating glitches by enabling personnel to share their areas of expertise. This sharing of knowledge enables personnel to develop a shared understanding of the manufacturing process and identify potential sources of error.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, glitches can occur in engineer-to-order manufacturing due to human error, machine malfunction, or software bugs. To mitigate glitches, organizations should implement a robust quality management system that includes quality control measures, personnel training, and the use of technology. Transactive memory can also help in mitigating glitches by enabling personnel to share their areas of expertise and develop a shared understanding of the manufacturing process. By implementing these strategies, organizations can reduce the occurrence of glitches and improve the quality of their products.


text: /cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/45343826/2013_04_mac-cosmetics, Century 21 announced that it was "joining forces" with M.A.C. Cosmetics on a new store at 22 Cortlandt Street location. If you thought that meant cheaper lipsticks, think again. Raymond Gindi, Century 21's CEO, clarified to WWD, "It's the first off-price location for MAC, but MAC won't be sold at discount. We've had a good partnership with Estée Lauder, the parent. We don't discount their brand.". In addition to partnering with the beauty company, Century 21's downtown expansion plans—which wil be revealed today—include adding three floors, widening the aisles, adding more fitting rooms, and making those cash registers operate a little faster. There will also be a new Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf Café, a revamped shoe salon, and plans are in the works for rooftop area to "further spotlight luxury labels.". · Century 21 Expands Flagship [WWD]. · Century 21 Adding M.A.C. Cosmetics to Lower Manhattan Store [Racked NY]

textbook:
Lesson: Partnerships in Business

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about partnerships in business and how they can benefit both parties involved. We will explore different types of partnerships, the benefits of having a partnership, and the steps involved in creating a successful partnership.

Section 1: Types of Partnerships

There are several types of partnerships that businesses can form. These include:

1. General Partnership: This type of partnership involves two or more individuals who share ownership of the business and are personally liable for the debts and obligations of the business.

2. Limited Partnership: In this type of partnership, there are two types of partners - general partners who manage the business and limited partners who invest capital but have no say in management.

3. Limited Liability Partnership (LLP): This type of partnership provides limited liability protection to all partners, meaning that each partner is only responsible for their own negligence or misconduct.

4. Joint Venture: A joint venture is a temporary partnership formed to complete a specific project or task.

Benefits of Partnerships:

Partnerships can provide several benefits to businesses, including:

1. Shared Resources: Partnerships allow businesses to pool their resources and share costs, which can lead to increased efficiency and cost savings.

2. Increased Expertise: By partnering with another business, a company can gain access to new skills and expertise that it may not have had otherwise.

3. Improved Market Share: Partnerships can help businesses expand their reach and increase their market share by tapping into new customer bases.

4. Enhanced Credibility: Partnering with a well-respected business can enhance a company's credibility and reputation.

Section 2: Creating a Successful Partnership

Creating a successful partnership requires careful planning and consideration. Here are some steps to follow:

1. Identify Common Goals: Both parties must have a clear understanding of their objectives and how they align with one another's goals.

2. Conduct Due Diligence: Before entering into a partnership, both parties should conduct due diligence to ensure that they have a clear understanding of each other's financial situation and legal obligations.

3. Establish Clear Roles and Responsibilities: Each party should have a clear understanding of their roles and responsibilities within the partnership.

4. Develop a Written Agreement: A written agreement should be developed to outline the terms and conditions of the partnership, including ownership percentages, decision-making processes, and dispute resolution procedures.

5. Communicate Openly: Open communication is essential to the success of any partnership. Parties should be transparent and honest with one another and work together to resolve any issues that arise.

Section 3: Examples of Partnerships

One example of a successful partnership is the collaboration between Apple and Nike. In 2016, the two companies announced a partnership that allowed Apple Watch users to track their NikeFuel and record their runs directly from the watch. This partnership benefited both companies by providing Apple with access to the fitness market and Nike with access to cutting-edge technology.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, partnerships can be an effective way for businesses to share resources, expand their reach, and enhance their credibility. By carefully considering common goals, conducting due diligence, establishing clear roles and responsibilities, developing a written agreement, and communicating openly, businesses can create successful partnerships that benefit everyone involved.


text:
The future of Common Core is in doubt. In the reddest states—places like Alabama and Oklahoma—legislators are vowing to dismantle it entirely. In less staunchly conservative states (Indiana, Wisconsin), legislators have “pressed pause.” In New York state, hardly a Republican stronghold, parents and educators are angry over preliminary results.

The Common Core State Standards, a K-12 overhaul that’s been adopted by 45 states over the past few years, has enemies of every political persuasion. But the current outrage is strongest among conservatives, who view Common Core as a top-down mandate from the Obama administration. (In fact, the voluntary standards were developed by the National Governors Association and the Council of Chief State School Officers. But the White House has tacitly endorsed the reforms, mandating that states have “college and career ready standards” in order to receive federal grants. The federal government has also bankrolled the development of tests that align with Common Core.)

Full implementation of the new standards is set for this fall. But the vitriol over Common Core could undermine the program well before then.

Changes to curricula are the purview of state education boards, so legislatures were largely uninvolved when states adopted the new standards. But as schools have begun putting the standards in place, the backlash has grown fierce. Last year, about 20 bills revoking the standards floated around statehouses. Not one was successful. But efforts to press pause—suspending implementation to hold public hearings and reviews—were passed in Indiana, Michigan and Wisconsin. (Michigan has since voted to restore Common Core.)

The Republican rancor isn’t uniform. Conservatives oppose the plan while more moderate members of the GOP support the standards as part of a broader effort to inject greater accountability in schools. Democrats, meanwhile, aren’t universally supportive: Some liberals don’t like the idea of linking teacher evaluations to student achievement.

What does that mean for this year? Some states will no doubt debate bills to completely reject the Common Core standards they’ve already adopted. But it’s more likely, education scholars say, that more states will develop their own tests rather than use the ones backed by the federal government. Georgia and Oklahoma have both decided to write their own tests, citing issues of cost and control. Other states, including Louisiana and Massachusetts, have delayed linking test results to accountability requirements for students and teachers.

That’s a fight that’s far from over, says Tom Loveless, a fellow at the Brookings Institution, who predicts more states will follow Georgia and Oklahoma’s lead. “I think the sternest opposition is yet to come.”

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Mathematics

### Section 1: What is Mathematics?

Mathematics is the study of numbers, shapes, patterns, and relationships between them. It is a fundamental subject that helps us understand and make sense of the world around us. Mathematics is used in various fields such as science, engineering, economics, and finance.

### Section 2: Why Study Mathematics?

There are several reasons why studying mathematics is essential:

1. It develops critical thinking skills: Mathematics involves analyzing and solving problems, which helps in developing critical thinking skills that can be applied in various aspects of life.

2. It improves problem-solving abilities: Mathematics teaches us to break down complex problems into smaller parts, identify patterns, and find solutions. This skill is valuable in both personal and professional life.

3. It enhances logical thinking: Mathematics requires us to follow a logical sequence of steps to arrive at a solution. This helps in developing logical thinking, which is useful in decision-making processes.

4. It is applicable in real life: Mathematics is used in various aspects of life, such as budgeting, investing, and measuring distances.

### Section 3: How is Mathematics Used in Real Life?

Mathematics is used in various real-life scenarios, such as:

1. Budgeting: Mathematics is used to create budgets, track expenses, and plan savings.

2. Investing: Mathematics is used to calculate returns on investments, analyze risks, and make informed decisions about investing.

3. Measurement: Mathematics is used to measure distances, volumes, and areas.

4. Science: Mathematics is used in scientific research to model and predict natural phenomena.

5. Engineering: Mathematics is used to design and analyze structures, machines, and systems.

6. Economics: Mathematics is used to analyze economic trends, forecast growth, and evaluate policies.

7. Sports: Mathematics is used to analyze statistics, calculate scores, and optimize strategies.

### Glossary:
- Critical thinking: The process of analyzing and evaluating information to make informed decisions.
- Problem-solving: The process of finding solutions to problems.
- Logical thinking: The ability to think and reason in a structured and organized manner.
- Real life: The practical aspects of life, as opposed to theoretical or hypothetical situations.

### Conclusion:
Mathematics is a fundamental subject that helps us make sense of the world around us. It develops critical thinking skills, improves problem-solving abilities, and enhances logical thinking. Mathematics is applicable in various aspects of life, such as budgeting, investing, and measuring distances. By studying mathematics, we can become better problem-solvers, decision-makers, and thinkers.


text: What quitting social media altogether.. 4 months in, and Omar’s learned a lot about the time and headspace consumed by social media, and how that compares to the business benefits. While there are some things he definitely misses, there are other things our host (and our business) are happy to do without. Is social media your default go-to when you have a spare moment? If you added up all your spare moments, could you do something more productive with them?. Find out how to balance the realities of online marketing with the need for healthy habits.

textbook:
Lesson: Balancing Online Marketing and Healthy Habits
Introduction:
In today's digital age, social media has become an integral part of our lives. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, share information, and conduct business. However, it has also led to a number of negative consequences such as addiction, anxiety, and depression. In this lesson, we will explore the impact of social media on our mental and physical health and learn how to balance online marketing with healthy habits.
Section 1: Understanding the Impact of Social Media on Our Health
Topic 1: The Negative Effects of Social Media on Mental Health
- Social media can lead to feelings of loneliness, isolation, and depression.
- Comparing ourselves to others on social media can lead to low self-esteem and body image issues.
- Constant notifications and alerts can cause stress and anxiety.
Topic 2: The Negative Effects of Social Media on Physical Health
- Spending too much time on social media can lead to a sedentary lifestyle, which can result in obesity, heart disease, and other health problems.
- Blue light from electronic devices can disrupt sleep patterns and affect our ability to focus and concentrate.
- Excessive use of social media can lead to neglect of other important activities such as exercise, nutrition, and rest.
Section 2: Balancing Online Marketing with Healthy Habits
Topic 1: Setting Boundaries for Online Activity
- Set specific times for checking social media and stick to them.
- Limit the amount of time spent on social media each day.
- Use apps or tools that monitor and limit social media usage.
Topic 2: Prioritizing Healthy Habits Over Online Activity
- Make time for physical activity, healthy eating, and adequate sleep.
- Disconnect from electronic devices before bedtime.
- Engage in offline activities such as reading, writing, or spending time with loved ones.
Section 3: Applying What We've Learned
Topic 1: Reflecting on Our Online Behavior
- How much time do we spend on social media each day?
- What are the positive and negative effects of our online behavior on our mental and physical health?
- What changes can we make to balance online marketing with healthy habits?
Topic 2: Applying What We've Learned in Real Life
- How can we apply the principles of balancing online marketing with healthy habits to other areas of our lives?
- How can we incorporate healthy habits into our daily routines?
- What are some real-life examples of balancing online marketing with healthy habits?
Conclusion:
In conclusion, balancing online marketing with healthy habits is essential for our mental and physical well-being. By setting boundaries for online activity and prioritizing healthy habits over online activity, we can reduce the negative effects of social media on our health. By reflecting on our online behavior and applying what we've learned in real life, we can create a healthier and more balanced lifestyle.


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textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Deck Spindles

Introduction

Deck Spindles are an essential component of any deck or railing system. They provide support and stability while also adding a decorative touch to the overall design. In this lesson, we will explore the different aspects of Deck Spindles, including their function, materials, and installation.

Section 1: What are Deck Spindles?

Deck Spindles are vertical posts that are used to reinforce the structure of a deck or railing system. They are typically made from wood, metal, or composite materials and come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and styles. Deck Spindles serve several purposes, including providing support, enhancing the aesthetic appeal, and improving safety.

Activity: Think about why Deck Spindles are important in a deck or railing system. What do they do?

Answer: Deck Spindles provide support, enhance the appearance, and improve safety by adding a decorative touch while maintaining stability.

Section 2: Types of Materials Used for Deck Spindles

There are several materials used for making Deck Spindles, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. These include:

1. Wood: Wooden Deck Spindles are classic, affordable, and easy to customize. However, they require regular maintenance to prevent rotting or warping.

2. Metal: Metal Deck Spindles, such as aluminum or stainless steel, are durable, low-maintenance, and available in various finishes. They can be more expensive than wooden spindles.

3. Composite: Composite Deck Spindles are made from a combination of materials, such as plastic and wood fiber. They are low-maintenance, resistant to rot and insect damage, but may not be as strong as metal or wooden spindles.

Activity: Research the pros and cons of each material type and decide which one would be best for your deck or railing system.

Conclusion: Deck Spindles play a crucial role in the stability, safety, and appearance of a deck or railing system. There are several materials to choose from, each with its own set of benefits and drawbacks. By considering the pros and cons of each material type, you can make an informed decision about which one is right for your project.

Glossary:
- Deck: A structure, usually made of wood, that is built on the ground and used for outdoor activities.
- Spindle: A small cylindrical piece of wood or other material that is used to support a deck or railing system.
- Composite: A material made from two or more different substances, such as plastic and wood fiber.

Self-Debate:

Which material should you choose for your Deck Spindles? Consider the following factors:

1. Cost: Wooden spindles are generally less expensive than metal or composite spindles.
2. Maintenance: Metal and composite spindles require less maintenance than wooden spindles.
3. Durability: Metal spindles are often stronger and more durable than wooden or composite spindles.
4. Customization: Wooden spindles can be easily customized to match the style of your deck or railing system.

Based on these factors, which material would you choose for your Deck Spindles? Why?