text:
The language of soccer games is ripe with phrases, metaphors and clichés that reflect modern life: a coach who parks the bus, a midfielder who shoots rockets, a striker who scores with a bicycle kick. But at 11,000 feet in the Peruvian Andes, the vocabulary changes. That is where Luis Soto, who hosts a daily sports program on Radio Inti Raymi, is narrating Peru’s first appearance at the World Cup since 1982 in his native language, Quechua.

Soto captures the action on the field with references closer to his home in Cusco, Peru. When a midfielder controls the ball and neutralizes attacks, he is hoeing the land. When a player kicks the ball with power, he has eaten a lot of quinoa. And when Edison Flores, one of Peru’s stars, scored an important goal against Ecuador to help the team qualify for the World Cup in Russia, he built roads where there were only narrow walking paths.

Before that, Soto had to clear a basic hurdle: finding a term for “soccer ball.” Quechua was developed by the ancient Incas, and the only word for ball that he knew was used in Cusco referred to a sphere made from pieces of llama neck leather and used in religious ceremonies.

“The term didn’t exist,” he said, “so we had to adapt.”

After canvassing local players, Soto settled on “qara q’ompo,” which means leather ball, or sphere. It is one of about 500 terms and phrases he has compiled over the last decade into what is probably the world’s only Quechua soccer dictionary. He shares it freely with anyone who is interested.

textbook:
Lesson: Language and Culture in Sports

Introduction:
Language and culture play a significant role in sports, especially in international competitions. This lesson will explore how language and culture can affect the way we understand and participate in sports.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is to understand how language and culture can shape our understanding and participation in sports.

Section 1: Language and Culture in Sports
Topic 1: Language and Sports Vocabulary
- Discuss how language can affect the way we describe sports events and actions.
- Provide examples of how language can create barriers or bridges between people from different cultures.
- Discuss the importance of learning new words and phrases to communicate effectively in sports.

Topic 2: Culture and Sports Participation
- Discuss how culture can affect the way people participate in sports.
- Provide examples of cultural differences in sports participation, such as body language, etiquette, and social norms.
- Discuss the importance of respecting cultural differences in sports.

Section 2: Practical Examples
Topic 1: Learning New Words and Phrases
- Provide examples of sports-related words and phrases in different languages.
- Encourage students to learn new words and phrases related to sports in their own language and in other languages.
- Discuss the benefits of being able to communicate effectively in sports.

Topic 2: Understanding Cultural Differences
- Provide examples of cultural differences in sports participation, such as body language, etiquette, and social norms.
- Encourage students to observe and learn about cultural differences in sports.
- Discuss the importance of respecting cultural differences in sports.

Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions
Topic 1: The Importance of Learning New Words and Phrases
- Discuss the benefits of learning new words and phrases related to sports.
- Encourage students to share their experiences with learning new words and phrases in sports.
- Debate the importance of being able to communicate effectively in sports.

Topic 2: Respecting Cultural Differences in Sports
- Discuss the importance of respecting cultural differences in sports.
- Encourage students to share their experiences with observing and learning about cultural differences in sports.
- Debate the importance of respecting cultural differences in sports.

Glossary:
- Culture: The customs, practices, and beliefs of a particular group or society.
- Language: A system of communication using words and symbols.
- Sports: A competition or activity involving physical exertion and skill.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, language and culture play a significant role in sports. By learning new words and phrases and respecting cultural differences, we can better understand and participate in sports. This lesson has provided practical examples and self-debating discussions to help students apply these concepts to their own sports experiences.


text: July 11, 2017. Tuesday’s Regulatory & Legislative Roundup. - California residents are one step closer to obtaining more affordable housing. California’s Senate passed a bill that can potentially provide approximately $250 million in affordable housing funding. To ensure this happens, a Senator from San Diego suggests adding a fee to other real estate transactions in order to supplement the affordable housing costs.. - The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) provided $50 million dollars to various localities to provide housing counseling. Housing counseling is intended to aid families seeking home ownership and prevent foreclosures from occurring. Not only is HUD ensuring families aren’t burdened by housing, it is also ensuring the presence and training of the counselors across the country. HUD approved an additional 3.5 million for counseling training, thereby creating more jobs.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Government Policies on Housing

Introduction:
Governments around the world have implemented policies aimed at making housing more affordable for their citizens. In this lesson, we will explore some of these policies and their impact on the housing market.

Section 1: Affordable Housing Funding

Topic 1: What is affordable housing?
Affordable housing refers to housing units that are priced within the reach of low-income households. These households may not be able to afford market-rate housing due to their limited income.

Topic 2: How does the government provide affordable housing?
Governments can provide affordable housing by either building public housing units or by providing subsidies to private developers who build affordable housing units. The subsidy can come in the form of tax credits, grants, or loans.

Topic 3: Case Study: California's Affordable Housing Bill
In 2017, California's Senate passed a bill that could potentially provide approximately $250 million in affordable housing funding. The bill proposes adding a fee to other real estate transactions in order to supplement the affordable housing costs.

Section 2: Housing Counseling

Topic 1: What is housing counseling?
Housing counseling is a service that provides advice and assistance to families seeking homeownership or those facing foreclosure. Housing counselors can help families understand their options and make informed decisions about their housing situation.

Topic 2: Who provides housing counseling?
Housing counseling can be provided by non-profit organizations, government agencies, or private companies. In the United States, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) provides funding for housing counseling services.

Topic 3: Case Study: HUD's Housing Counseling Program
In 2017, HUD provided $50 million to various localities to provide housing counseling. Additionally, HUD approved an additional $3.5 million for counseling training, thereby creating more jobs.

Section 3: Conclusion

In conclusion, governments play a crucial role in ensuring that housing is affordable and accessible to all citizens. By implementing policies such as affordable housing funding and housing counseling programs, governments can help families achieve the dream of homeownership while preventing foreclosures. Understanding these policies is essential for anyone interested in pursuing a career in public service or housing-related fields.


text: . Always fully up to date with your provisions. Got everything? Just take a look inside your fridge while you are shopping. Thanks to the built-in cameras, you can see at a glance if you are short of anything.. .. .. Storing food correctly in the fridge. Cool tips. Get useful advice and information about food and how to store it in the fridge directly from the app.<<. Home Connect partners. Home Connect's ecosystem already has numerous partner services. From the cook app to the energy manager for your Smart Home: Discover our constantly growing network of opportunities.. .

textbook:
## Lesson: How to Use a Refrigerator Efficiently
### Section 1: Introduction
A refrigerator is an essential appliance in every household. It helps keep your food fresh and prevents spoilage. However, not many people know how to use a refrigerator efficiently. In this lesson, we will learn how to use a refrigerator effectively and save time, money, and effort.
### Section 2: Understanding Your Refrigerator
Before we dive into the details of using a refrigerator efficiently, let's first understand how it works. A refrigerator works by removing heat from the inside and releasing it outside. This process is called refrigeration. The refrigerator uses a coolant, which absorbs heat from the inside and releases it outside. The coolant then evaporates and turns into a gas, which is compressed and turned back into a liquid. This cycle repeats continuously, keeping your food fresh.
### Section 3: Tips for Using a Refrigerator Efficiently
Now that we understand how a refrigerator works, let's look at some tips for using it efficiently:
1. Organize Your Fridge: A well-organized fridge is more efficient. Keep similar items together and group them according to their use-by date. This makes it easier to find what you need and reduces food waste.
2. Use the Right Shelves: The door shelves of a refrigerator are the warmest, while the back shelves are the coldest. Store items that need to be warmer on the door shelves and items that need to be colder in the back.
3. Use Clear Containers: Use clear containers to store your food. This makes it easier to see what you have and prevents food from getting lost in the back of the fridge.
4. Label Your Containers: Label your containers with the name of the food and the use-by date. This helps you keep track of what you have and prevents food from going bad.
5. Use the Freezer: Use your freezer to store items that you don't need immediately. This frees up space in the fridge and prevents food from going bad.
6. Defrost Regularly: Make sure to defrost your fridge regularly. A build-up of ice can reduce the efficiency of your refrigerator and cause food to spoil faster.
### Section 4: Practical Examples
Let's look at some practical examples of how to use a refrigerator efficiently:
1. If you have a large family, you may need to store more food in your fridge. Use clear containers to organize your food and label them with the name of the food and the use-by date. This makes it easier to find what you need and prevents food from going bad.
2. If you have a small family, you may not need to use all the shelves in your fridge. Use the door shelves to store items that you use frequently, such as milk and eggs. This makes it easier to access these items and reduces the time you spend looking for them.
3. If you have a lot of frozen food, use your freezer to store them. This frees up space in the fridge and prevents food from going bad. You can also use clear containers to store your frozen food and label them with the name of the food and the use-by date.
### Section 5: Conclusion
In conclusion, using a refrigerator efficiently can save you time, money, and effort. By organizing your fridge, using the right shelves, and using clear containers, you can keep your food fresh and prevent spoilage. Remember to defrost your fridge regularly and use your freezer to store items that you don't need immediately. With these tips, you can use your refrigerator more efficiently and save resources.


text: pasta salad with herring and dill. ingredients. 2 cans King Oscar Herring Fillets in Oil – Country Style. 200g pasta screws (rotini or rotelli). Baby greens salad mix. 4 tablespoons olive oil. 2 teaspoons balsamic vinegar. 1 tablespoon fresh lemon juice. 6-8 radishes, sliced. 3 tablespoons roasted pine nuts. Fresh dill. dressing. 100ml sour cream. 1 clove garlic, crushed. Salt and white pepper, to taste. Dash of curry. preparation. Cook pasta screws according to package instructions. Mix together the olive oil, vinegar, and lemon juice and pour over pasta in drainer. Let cool. Mix together dressing ingredients. Top baby greens with pasta, then King Oscar herring. Sprinkle on sliced radishes and pine nuts. Top all with dressing. Garnish with dill. Serves 4.. royal hints. Substitute the Country Style Herring with your favorite King Oscar herring variety.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Make a Pasta Salad with Herring and Dill
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to make a delicious pasta salad with herring and dill. This recipe is easy to follow and can be made in under 30 minutes. We will cover the ingredients, preparation, and cooking techniques required to make this dish. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to recreate this recipe at home and impress your friends and family with your cooking skills.
Ingredients:
- 2 cans King Oscar Herring Fillets in Oil – Country Style
- 200g pasta screws (rotini or rotelli)
- Baby greens salad mix
- 4 tablespoons olive oil
- 2 teaspoons balsamic vinegar
- 1 tablespoon fresh lemon juice
- 6-8 radishes, sliced
- 3 tablespoons roasted pine nuts
- Fresh dill
- 100ml sour cream
- 1 clove garlic, crushed
- Salt and white pepper, to taste
- Dash of curry
Preparation:
1. Cook pasta screws according to package instructions.
2. Mix together the olive oil, vinegar, and lemon juice and pour over pasta in drainer.
3. Let cool.
4. Mix together dressing ingredients.
5. Top baby greens with pasta, then King Oscar herring.
6. Sprinkle on sliced radishes and pine nuts.
7. Top all with dressing.
8. Garnish with dill.
Serves 4.
Cooking Techniques:
1. Boiling - The pasta screws are boiled in water until they are cooked through.
2. Draining - The pasta is drained in a colander to remove excess water.
3. Mixing - The pasta is mixed with the herring and other ingredients.
4. Dressing - A simple dressing is made by mixing together olive oil, vinegar, and lemon juice.
5. Roasting - Pine nuts are roasted in the oven to add flavor and texture to the salad.
Conclusion:
Making a pasta salad with herring and dill is a delicious and easy recipe to follow. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can create a beautiful and tasty dish that will impress your guests. Remember to use fresh ingredients and adjust the seasoning to your liking. With practice, you will become a master chef in no time!


text: Weblinks. Category: Start / Builders/Restorers/Suppliers / Wind Instruments. - Sites currently sorted by: Popularity (from fewest hits to most hits). - Sort links by: Title ( + | - ) Date ( + | - ) Popularity ( + | - ). “ .. .: 7: 777. : 828. : 858. “..: 862. Shawms, curtals, baroque and classical bassoons and large baroque oboes made by Robert H. Cronin.. Visit website for more information. (ed.). Added on: Apr 17, 2010 | Hits: 862. : 8: 878. Handmade flutes and headjoints in wood and precious metals.. Visit website for more information. (ed.). Added on: May 02, 2011 | Hits: 888. 10. 12. : 925. " ...: 975. : 980. : 1002. " ...: 1005. : 1015. : 1034. : 1069. : 1073. "I am Peter van der Poel and I make wooden wind instruments: recorders, clarinets and oboes. " Visit website for more information. (ed.). Added on: Mar 23, 2008 | Hits: 1081. 95. Anthony Arnold, Baroque Recorders and Flutes. Visit website for more information. (ed.). Added on: May 04, 2008 | Hits: 1148. : 1174

textbook:
Lesson: Web Development and Search Engine Optimization

Introduction:
Web development is the process of building, creating, and maintaining websites. Search engine optimization (SEO) is the practice of improving a website's visibility and ranking on search engines. In this lesson, we will learn about web development and SEO, their importance, and how they work together.

Section 1: Web Development

Web development is the process of creating and maintaining websites. It involves several stages, including planning, designing, coding, and testing. Web developers use various programming languages, such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, to create websites. They also work with other technologies like databases, servers, and content management systems.

Questions:
- What are the stages of web development?
- What programming languages do web developers use?
- What are some common technologies used in web development?

Section 2: Search Engine Optimization

Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of improving a website's visibility and ranking on search engines like Google, Bing, and Yahoo. The goal of SEO is to attract more visitors to a website by making it more visible and relevant to users' queries.

Questions:
- What is SEO?
- Why is SEO important for websites?
- How does Google rank websites?

Section 3: Web Development and SEO

Web development and SEO work together to create a better user experience and improve a website's visibility. Web developers create websites that are easy to navigate and use, while SEOs optimize the content and structure of the website to attract more visitors.

Questions:
- How do web development and SEO work together?
- What are some ways to optimize a website for SEO?
- How can web developers make their code more SEO-friendly?

Conclusion:
In conclusion, web development and SEO are two essential aspects of creating and maintaining a successful website. By working together, web developers and SEOs can create websites that are both functional and visible, attracting more visitors and improving the user experience.

Glossary:
- Web development: The process of creating and maintaining websites.
- Search engine optimization (SEO): The practice of improving a website's visibility and ranking on search engines.
- Programming languages: Languages used to write computer programs, such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
- Technologies: Tools and systems used in web development, such as databases, servers, and content management systems.
- Visibility: The degree to which a website appears in search engine results.
- Ranking: The position of a website in search engine results.

[Note: This is just an example of what a lesson on web development and SEO could look like. The content, questions, and glossary can be modified and expanded upon to fit the needs of different levels of students.]


text: cathy haebe {hay • bee}. kneadtomake is the custom confection company. of san francisco based cake artist and designer, cathy haebe. I am a confectionery artist who takes a holistic approach to cake design. I try to create simple yet elegant confections that are creative and engaging by using materials in their natural form. In addition to the medium itself, I find inspiration in knowing the context around which the cake will be presented. I love collaborating with florists, stylists, event planners etc. to really get an understanding of how the things I create will fit seamlessly into an aggregate vision, while still maintaining a distinct presence.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Cake Design

**Introduction**
Cake design is an art form that involves creating beautiful and delicious cakes for special occasions. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of cake design, including the tools and techniques used by professional cake designers. We will also explore the different styles of cake design and how they can be used to create unique and memorable experiences for guests.

**Section 1: Tools and Techniques**

**Topic 1: Ingredients**
Cake designers use a variety of ingredients to create their masterpieces. These ingredients include flour, sugar, eggs, butter, baking powder, and milk. They also use flavorings such as vanilla, chocolate, or fruit extracts to add flavor to the cake.

**Topic 2: Equipment**
Cake designers use a variety of equipment to create their designs. Some of the equipment they use includes mixing bowls, measuring cups and spoons, cake pans, spatulas, piping bags, and tips. They also use cake decorating tools such as gum paste, fondant, and edible glitter.

**Topic 3: Techniques**
Cake designers use a variety of techniques to create their designs. Some of the techniques they use include layering, piping, and sculpting. They also use different types of frosting, such as buttercream, ganache, and whipped cream, to add texture and flavor to the cake.

**Section 2: Styles of Cake Design**

**Topic 1: Traditional Cake Design**
Traditional cake design is a style of cake design that uses classic techniques and ingredients to create a timeless look. This style of cake design is often used for weddings, birthdays, and other special events.

**Topic 2: Modern Cake Design**
Modern cake design is a style of cake design that uses unconventional shapes, colors, and textures to create a unique and contemporary look. This style of cake design is often used for fashion shows, art exhibitions, and other trendy events.

**Topic 3: Themed Cake Design**
Themed cake design is a style of cake design that uses themes such as sports, movies, or cartoons to create a fun and interactive experience for guests. This style of cake design is often used for children's birthday parties, sports events, and other themed celebrations.

**Section 3: Creating Your Own Cake Design**

**Topic 1: Planning**
Planning is an important step in creating your own cake design. You should start by deciding on the theme of the cake, the color scheme, and the type of cake you want to make. You should also consider the occasion and the preferences of the guests.

**Topic 2: Baking**
Baking is the process of mixing the ingredients together to create the cake. You should follow the recipe carefully and measure the ingredients accurately to ensure that the cake turns out perfectly.

**Topic 3: Decorating**
Decorating is the process of adding the finishing touches to the cake. You can use a variety of techniques such as piping, layering, and sculpting to create a unique and beautiful design.

**Conclusion**
In conclusion, cake design is an art form that involves creating beautiful and delicious cakes for special occasions. By learning about the basics of cake design, you can create your own unique and memorable experiences for your guests.


text: Unique Shopping. Our unique range of merchandise is personally selected from niche UK and European suppliers. The constantly changing range of desirable items, many of which are exclusive to Lapstone, is carefully chosen for you. You’ll discover an inspirational collection of ladies’ and mens’ accessories and clothing, exquisite interior ideas and inspired presents for every special occasion.. Our product range includes –. For Home indoor & outdoor furniture collections, interior items to compliment your home including cushions, candles, picture frames, floral stems, artwork.. For Her clothing, shoes, handbags, jewellery, fragrances and toiletries.. For Him clothing, shoes, leather luggage & bags, cufflinks, watches, unusual gifts, we also stock: cards, gift wrap, books and stationery.

textbook:
**Lesson: How to Shop Unique Items**

**Introduction**

In today's world, there are numerous options when it comes to shopping. However, not all stores offer unique items that stand out from the rest. In this lesson, we will explore how to shop for unique items by analyzing the product range of a store called Lapstone.

**Theoretical Concepts**

1. Unique items refer to products that are not commonly found in most stores. They are often sourced from niche suppliers and are exclusive to certain stores.

2. A product range refers to all the items a store offers for sale. It includes different categories of products such as clothing, accessories, home decor, and more.

3. Exclusive items are products that are only available at a specific store or a limited number of stores.

**Practical Examples**

Let's take a look at Lapstone's product range to understand how they offer unique items:

1. Lapstone offers a range of desirable items that are personally selected from niche UK and European suppliers. This means that their products are not commonly found in most stores and are sourced from specific suppliers.

2. The constantly changing range of items at Lapstone includes exclusive products that are not available at other stores. This makes Lapstone a great place to find unique items that stand out from the rest.

3. Lapstone offers a wide range of products, including clothing, accessories, home decor, and more. This makes it easy for customers to find unique items for different occasions and purposes.

**Self-Debating Discussion**

1. Why do you think Lapstone sources their products from niche suppliers?
2. How does offering exclusive products benefit Lapstone and its customers?
3. Can you think of any other stores that offer unique items? If so, what makes them unique?

**Glossary**

- Unique items: products that are not commonly found in most stores and are often sourced from niche suppliers.
- Product range: all the items a store offers for sale, including different categories of products.
- Exclusive items: products that are only available at a specific store or a limited number of stores.

**Conclusion**

By understanding the concept of unique items and how they are sourced, we can shop smarter and find products that stand out from the rest. Lapstone is a great example of a store that offers unique items by sourcing them from niche suppliers and offering exclusive products. By applying these concepts to our shopping habits, we can find unique items that reflect our personal style and preferences.


text:
Remote Vehicle to Search Lake for 3 Bodies

Castaic: Families rent a robotic unit with a camera since depth is too great for county divers.

With the county unable to help them, the families of four men believed to have been killed in the deadliest boat crash in Castaic Lake's 30-year history spent Saturday making plans for an unusual recovery mission.

Three employees and a customer of an Agua Dulce boat-building company were testing a new luxury powerboat at high speed Friday when it capsized, authorities said.

The county closed the lake Saturday to allow a rescue team to search for boat debris and three of the victims. The body of Ken Lane, 41, of La Crescenta was recovered soon after the boat sank.

But the second-day search turned up little more than boat pieces and shoes. The wreckage rests 246 feet below the surface, far too deep for county divers.

Sgt. Tom Thompson of the Sheriff's Department dive team said that "99.9% of scuba divers can't go that deep. The deeper you go, you get into a different atmosphere. At that depth, air turns toxic."

County officials said such depths are particularly dangerous at Castaic because the lake's high elevation means the air has even less oxygen. The lake, created as a backup water storage site for the California Aqueduct, is 1,515 feet above sea level.

A spokesman for the families said Saturday that they had rented a remotely operated vehicle with an attached camera to survey the wreckage today.

Michael Gonzalez, a friend of the victims who is a spokesman for all the families, asked that deep-water divers volunteer to help with recovery.

"They all died doing what they loved," Gonzalez said of the four men.

$200,000 Catamaran Was Being Tested

The accident occurred during what friends and co-workers described as routine business.

Steve Coulombe, 38, owner of the boat-building company High Torque Marine, insisted on taking every new boat out for testing, co-workers said. On Friday, he was making a second run in a 30-foot-long, double-hulled catamaran with a $200,000 price tag and room for eight people.

Along for the ride were Lane, who built the twin 400-plus-horsepower engines; Nelson Roy Brinkman, 30, of Phelan, who had mounted them; and Chuck Wiseman, 47, who purchased a boat from Coulombe a year ago and became a friend.

"It was a luxury boat to the max," said Roy Ayers, design engineer and manager for High Torque. "It could run 45 mph all day long and cover a long distance."

Witnesses and family members said one of the engines may have unexpectedly seized. The boat banked hard to the left and appeared to roll over.

It is unclear whether the craft was adhering to the lake's 35-mph speed limit. Friends said the boat was capable of hitting up to 65 mph, but that with four adult men in the boat, it couldn't have reached that speed.

"My dad wouldn't have gone that fast," Wiseman's 16-year-old son, Charlie, said of witness reports that the boat had exceeded 60 mph. "If the boat was going that fast, he would have gotten out so he could be with us the rest of his life."

All four victims courted speed, friends and family members said.

Brinkman eagerly learned the details of engine performance from Lane. Coulombe had driven fast cars since he was a teenager, said his cousin Jim Stopp of Tujunga.

Lane raced drag boats under the name Obsession Race Team, customized hot rods and once blew up the family lawn mower trying to make it go faster, his brother said.

"If it had wheels or it could go on land or water, he raced it," Steve Lane said. "It's what brought a smile to his face."

Wiseman, owner of concrete foundation and subcontracting companies in Castaic, often sought to get away from it all on his speedboat. He also enjoyed wisecracks and was the sort of boss who would help employees buy a house, said employee Felix Blanco.

Wiseman's birthday was Wednesday. His friends had planned a surprise party for him Friday night in Valencia.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Underwater Robotics

Overview: In this lesson, we will learn about underwater robots and their applications in searching for objects or people underwater. We will cover the basics of robotics, including what it is, how it works, and its advantages over traditional methods.

Objectives:

1. Understand the concept of underwater robotics.
2. Identify the advantages of using underwater robots.
3. Learn about the components of an underwater robot.
4. Apply knowledge to a real-world scenario.

Introduction:

Underwater robotics is the use of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) or autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) to explore and perform tasks underwater. These robots are controlled by humans on the surface or programmed to follow a predetermined path. They are used in various fields such as marine research, oil and gas exploration, and search and rescue operations.

Section 1: What is Underwater Robotics?

Topic 1: Definition

What is underwater robotics?

Underwater robotics is the use of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) or autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) to explore and perform tasks underwater. These robots are controlled by humans on the surface or programmed to follow a predetermined path.

Topic 2: Components of an Underwater Robot

What are the components of an underwater robot?

An underwater robot consists of several components, including:

1. A frame or body that houses the electronics and batteries.
2. Thrusters or propellers that provide movement in different directions.
3. A manipulator arm or gripper to pick up objects or perform tasks.
4. Sensors such as cameras, sonar, and temperature gauges to gather information about the environment.
5. A communication system to transmit data and commands between the robot and the controller.

Topic 3: Advantages of Using Underwater Robots

What are the advantages of using underwater robots?

There are several advantages of using underwater robots, including:

1. Safety: Humans can operate the robots from a safe distance, reducing the risk of injury or death.
2. Endurance: Robots can remain submerged for longer periods than humans, allowing for more extensive exploration or research.
3. Cost-effectiveness: Underwater robots can perform tasks more efficiently and cost-effectively than humans.
4. Accessibility: Robots can access areas that are difficult or impossible for humans to reach.

Section 2: Applying Underwater Robotics to a Real-World Scenario

Topic 1: Searching for Bodies in a Lake

How can underwater robots be used to search for bodies in a lake?

Underwater robots can be used to search for bodies in a lake by scanning the bottom and surrounding areas for any signs of human remains. The robot's sensors can detect objects and relay the information back to the operator, who can then decide whether to recover the body or not.

Topic 2: Conclusion

What have we learned in this lesson?

In this lesson, we have learned about underwater robotics, its components, and its advantages over traditional methods. We have also applied this knowledge to a real-world scenario where underwater robots can be used to search for bodies in a lake. By understanding the principles of underwater robotics, we can better appreciate its potential applications in various fields.


text: Title: Balsamic Chicken and Penne Pasta. Yield: 4 Servings. Categories: Poultry, Pasta. Ingredients:. 1/4 c Extra virgin olive oil. 1/4 c Balsamic vinegar. 2 tb Sugar. 2 tb Grey Poupon mustard. 2 Pinches cayenne pepper. 3 Cloves garlic; crushed. 3 tb Water. 6 Boneless chicken breasts. 1 lb Penne pasta. Combine the first seven ingredients to make the marinade (mix them well).. Marinate the chicken breasts for 1 - 2 hours (marinate longer if you want. the chicken to be more flavorful).. Broil chicken breast until cooked through, then shred or cut into. bite-sized pieces. Combine cooked chicken with leftover marinade and cooked. penne. Heat everything through thoroughly (the remaining marinade must be. cooked because there was raw chicken sitting in it). Serve with grated. Parmesan cheese.. Recipe by: Heather Anderson from The Busy Parent's Cookbook. Posted to recipelu-digest by James and Susan Kirkland on. Feb 14, 1998

textbook:
Title: Understanding the Scientific Method

The scientific method is a systematic approach to understanding the natural world. It involves making observations, forming hypotheses, testing those hypotheses through experiments, and drawing conclusions based on the evidence. This lesson will teach you how to apply the scientific method to various scenarios, from primary school students to high school students.

**Section 1: Introduction to the Scientific Method**

The scientific method is a process that scientists use to investigate the natural world. It involves making observations, forming hypotheses, testing those hypotheses through experiments, and drawing conclusions based on the evidence. The scientific method is a powerful tool for understanding the natural world, and it can be applied to a wide range of scenarios.

**Section 2: Making Observations**

The first step in the scientific method is making observations. Observations are the foundation of all scientific investigations. You must carefully observe the world around you and record your findings. This can involve anything from counting the number of leaves on a tree to measuring the mass of a planet.

**Section 3: Formulating Hypotheses**

Once you have made your observations, you can formulate hypotheses. A hypothesis is a tentative explanation for an observation. It is a testable statement that can be supported or refuted through experimentation. For example, if you observe that plants grow better when they are watered with distilled water instead of tap water, you might formulate a hypothesis that distilled water is better for plant growth.

**Section 4: Testing Hypotheses Through Experiments**

The next step is to test your hypothesis through experiments. An experiment is a controlled procedure that tests a hypothesis. It involves manipulating one variable while keeping all other variables constant. For example, you could conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis that distilled water is better for plant growth. You would need to control for other factors such as sunlight, temperature, and soil type.

**Section 5: Drawing Conclusions**

Once you have tested your hypothesis through experiments, you can draw conclusions based on the evidence. If your hypothesis is supported by the evidence, you can accept it as a valid explanation for your observations. If your hypothesis is not supported by the evidence, you can reject it and formulate a new hypothesis.

**Glossary**
- Observation: A careful recording of the natural world
- Hypothesis: A testable statement that can be supported or refuted through experimentation
- Experiment: A controlled procedure that tests a hypothesis
- Variable: A factor that can be manipulated in an experiment
- Control: A procedure that keeps all variables constant except for the one being tested

**Conclusion**

The scientific method is a powerful tool for understanding the natural world. By making observations, forming hypotheses, testing those hypotheses through experiments, and drawing conclusions based on the evidence, you can gain a deeper understanding of the world around you. Apply the scientific method to various scenarios, from primary school students to high school students, and you will be well on your way to becoming a skilled scientist.


text: Good sleep and normal vitamin D levels may help manage chronic back, arthritis pain. New research suggests vitamin D supplementation combined with good sleep quality could increase the effectiveness of pain management treatments.fitness Updated: May 24, 2017 13:56 IST. If you suffer from arthritis and back pain, you’ll love this rather simple cure. According to a recent study, adequate levels of vitamin D combined with good sleep can help you manage chronic arthritis and back pain.. A paper published in the Journal of Endocrinology, reviews previous, ”, explains Dr Andersen.. Assistant professor Sof Andrikopoulos, University of Melbourne and editor of the Journal of Endocrinology commented, .”. Follow @htlifeandstyle for more.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Sleep and Vitamin D for Chronic Pain Management
Introduction:
Chronic pain, such as back pain and arthritis, can significantly impact a person's quality of life. However, new research suggests that combining good sleep quality with proper vitamin D levels may help improve the effectiveness of pain management treatments. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of sleep and vitamin D for chronic pain management and how they can work together to alleviate symptoms.
Section 1: The Role of Sleep in Chronic Pain Management
Sleep plays a crucial role in overall health and well-being, including pain management. Lack of sleep can exacerbate chronic pain and make it more difficult to manage. During sleep, the body repairs and restores itself, which is essential for maintaining healthy tissues and muscles. Poor sleep quality can disrupt this process and lead to increased pain and inflammation.
Questions and Answers:
1. Why is sleep important for chronic pain management?
Answer: Sleep plays a crucial role in overall health and well-being, including pain management. Lack of sleep can exacerbate chronic pain and make it more difficult to manage. During sleep, the body repairs and restores itself, which is essential for maintaining healthy tissues and muscles. Poor sleep quality can disrupt this process and lead to increased pain and inflammation.
2. How can I improve my sleep quality for better chronic pain management?
Answer: To improve your sleep quality, try to establish a regular sleep schedule, create a relaxing bedtime routine, and avoid caffeine and alcohol close to bedtime. Additionally, exercise regularly, maintain a healthy diet, and create a comfortable sleep environment to promote better sleep.
Section 2: The Role of Vitamin D in Chronic Pain Management
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that plays a vital role in many bodily functions, including bone health, immune function, and cell growth. Recent research has also shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with chronic pain conditions such as arthritis and back pain. Supplementing with vitamin D may help alleviate symptoms and improve overall pain management.
Questions and Answers:
1. What is the role of vitamin D in chronic pain management?
Answer: Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that plays a vital role in many bodily functions, including bone health, immune function, and cell growth. Recent research has also shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with chronic pain conditions such as arthritis and back pain. Supplementing with vitamin D may help alleviate symptoms and improve overall pain management.
2. How can I ensure that I am getting enough vitamin D for chronic pain management?
Answer: The best way to ensure that you are getting enough vitamin D is by spending time outdoors in the sun, eating a balanced diet rich in vitamin D-containing foods (such as fatty fish, eggs, and dairy products), and taking a vitamin D supplement if recommended by your healthcare provider.
Section 3: Combining Good Sleep Quality and Proper Vitamin D Levels for Chronic Pain Management
Both good sleep quality and proper vitamin D levels are essential for effective chronic pain management. Combining the two can have a synergistic effect on pain relief and overall health. Ensuring that you get enough sleep and maintain adequate vitamin D levels can help improve your pain management and quality of life.
Questions and Answers:
1. How does combining good sleep quality and proper vitamin D levels improve chronic pain management?
Answer: Both good sleep quality and proper vitamin D levels are essential for effective chronic pain management. Combining the two can have a synergistic effect on pain relief and overall health. Ensuring that you get enough sleep and maintain adequate vitamin D levels can help improve your pain management and quality of life.
2. Can I improve my chronic pain management by focusing on both sleep quality and vitamin D levels?
Answer: Yes, focusing on both sleep quality and vitamin D levels can significantly improve your chronic pain management. By ensuring that you get enough sleep and maintain adequate vitamin D levels, you can promote overall health and well-being, which can help alleviate symptoms and improve your quality of life.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, good sleep quality and proper vitamin D levels are essential for effective chronic pain management. By focusing on both, you can improve your pain management and overall health and well-being. Applying these principles to your daily life can help alleviate symptoms and enhance your quality of life.


text: Monday, June 14th, 2021:. Crispy Chicken with Melissa King, of Top Chef!. Sofrito Lovers,. Happy Pride! Today, I am featuring a recipe for a crispy baked chicken from the incredible, the awesome, and the remarkable: Chef Melissa King!. Chef Melissa King is a talented Chinese-American chef who competed on Top Chef: Boston (she was a finalist) and Top Chef: All Stars L.A. (she won!). She is one of my favorite Cheftestants ever! She's intelligent, creative, and passionate about her food. She's an out and proud Lesbian and advocate for queer and women's rights. What more could you ask for?. So if you're looking for a delicious and simple recipe for baked chicken, then watch the video below from the Food52 YouTube and get into your kitchen. Chef Melissa's recipes are never a fail-I can't wait to prepare it for my BearBear.. Go taste for yourself! Buen Provecho!

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Top Chef and Melissa King
Level: Primary School
Objective: Students will learn about the popular cooking competition show Top Chef and one of its contestants, Melissa King. They will also learn about the importance of being true to oneself and standing up for their beliefs.
Introduction:
Top Chef is a popular cooking competition show that airs on the Bravo channel. It features talented chefs from all over the world competing against each other to win the title of Top Chef. One of the contestants on the show is Melissa King. Melissa is a Chinese-American chef who has impressed judges and viewers alike with her creativity and skill in the kitchen.
Melissa King's Journey on Top Chef:
Melissa first appeared on Top Chef: Boston where she made it all the way to the finals. She then returned to compete on Top Chef: All Stars L.A., where she won the entire competition! Throughout her time on the show, Melissa showcased her culinary talents while also being true to herself and standing up for her beliefs.
Importance of Being True to Oneself:
Melissa's journey on Top Chef serves as a reminder of the importance of being true to oneself and standing up for one's beliefs. It can be difficult to be different or to go against societal norms, but it is important to stay true to who we are and fight for what we believe in. Melissa's success on the show and her advocacy for queer and women's rights demonstrate the power of being true to oneself.
Activity:
Watch the video below from the Food52 YouTube channel to learn how to make Melissa's Crispy Baked Chicken. While watching, pay attention to the steps involved in making the dish and try to replicate them on your own.
Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the popular cooking competition show Top Chef and one of its contestants, Melissa King. We also learned about the importance of being true to oneself and standing up for our beliefs. By following Melissa's example, we can strive to be true to ourselves and fight for what we believe in.


text: list each source in an mla formatted annotated bibliography how to write a critical review on journal article common app essays for college admission how to write application letter to company how to write a letter to turn down an applicant embry riddle college admission essay prompts how to write application letter for leave how to write a tender application letter write a gift basket business plan annotated bibliography of journal article apa format 6th edition example self position annotated bibliography high point university admissions essay uf admissions essay length apa annotated bibliography template for google docs how to write a medical book review mesre annotated bibliography each entry in your annotated bibliography must contain how to write a business plan for a doggie daycare columbia admissions essays uf admissions essay 2017 annotated bibliography of big bigger biggest by nancy coffelt college admissions essay sample about yourself Gonzaga university admissions essay prompt

textbook:
# Lesson: How to Write an Annotated Bibliography
## Section 1: Introduction
An annotated bibliography is a list of sources that you have used in your research, with a brief description of each source. It is an important part of any research paper, as it allows readers to evaluate the quality and relevance of the sources used. In this lesson, we will learn how to create an annotated bibliography, including how to choose appropriate sources, how to summarize them, and how to evaluate their usefulness.
## Section 2: Choosing Sources
The first step in creating an annotated bibliography is to choose appropriate sources. These should be sources that are relevant to your research topic and that provide valuable information. You can find sources through library databases, online search engines, or by asking your instructor or librarian for recommendations. When choosing sources, make sure to consider the following:
- Authority: Is the author an expert in the field?
- Accuracy: Is the information in the source reliable and accurate?
- Relevance: Does the source provide information that is relevant to your research topic?
## Section 3: Summarizing Sources
Once you have chosen your sources, you need to summarize them in a few sentences. A summary should include the main idea of the source, as well as any supporting details or arguments. When summarizing, make sure to:
- Identify the main idea of the source.
- Highlight any supporting details or arguments.
- Use your own words to explain the source's ideas.
## Section 4: Evaluating Sources
After summarizing your sources, you need to evaluate them. This means considering the strengths and weaknesses of each source and determining whether it is useful for your research. When evaluating sources, consider the following:
- Credibility: Is the source credible and trustworthy?
- Relevance: Does the source provide information that is relevant to your research topic?
- Persuasiveness: Does the source make a convincing argument or present compelling evidence?
## Section 5: Creating an Annotated Bibliography Entry
Each entry in your annotated bibliography should include the following information:
- Author(s) of the source
- Title of the source
- Publication date
- Publisher
- Location
- A brief summary of the source
- An evaluation of the source's usefulness
Here is an example of what an annotated bibliography entry might look like:
```
Smith, J. (2010). The Impact of Social Media on Society. Journal of Communication, 10(2), 26-38.
Summary: Smith argues that social media has had a profound impact on society, particularly in terms of how people communicate and share information. The author provides several examples of how social media has changed the way people interact with each other, including case studies of Twitter and Facebook.
Evaluation: This source is useful for anyone studying the effects of social media on society, as it provides a comprehensive overview of the topic. However, the author's argument is somewhat one-sided, and some readers may find it lacking in depth.
```
## Section 6: Conclusion
Creating an annotated bibliography is an important part of any research project. By carefully selecting and evaluating sources, you can ensure that your research is based on reliable and relevant information. By summarizing and evaluating each source, you can also help readers understand the strengths and weaknesses of each source, and make an informed decision about which sources to use in their own research.


text: Resources & equipment. Facilities at the Centre can be accessed by RSHA staff, students and visiting fellows.. Other staff and students within the CASS should first enquire with their local area about available facilities. Special requests to borrow equipment or access the edit suites should be sent to RSHA director.. Field equipment:. We have a small amount of digital recording equipment including digital voice recorders, digital video cameras and microphones.. How to borrow equipment >. Editing suites:. - MacPro video editing suite with Final Cut Pro 7 and Adobe CS4 Master Collection.. - Scanning edit suite with Epson V700 flatbed/film scanner and Nikon Coolscan 4000ED 35mm slide/negative scanner.. - VHS to DVD recorder. Please contact us to discuss availability.. Note: Training to use equipment or software cannot be provided. It is expected you are already familiar with the use of the software and equipment.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Research Methods

## Section 1: Overview of Research Methods

Research methods refer to the systematic approaches used to collect, analyze, and interpret data. These methods are essential in answering research questions and drawing valid conclusions. In this lesson, we will explore the different types of research methods, their applications, and their limitations.

## Section 2: Types of Research Methods

There are two main types of research methods: qualitative and quantitative.

1. Qualitative Research Methods: These methods involve collecting non-numerical data through techniques such as observation, interviews, and document analysis. They are useful in exploring people's experiences, behaviors, and perceptions. Examples include ethnography, case studies, and grounded theory.

2. Quantitative Research Methods: These methods involve collecting numerical data through structured techniques such as surveys, experiments, and correlational studies. They are useful in testing hypotheses and measuring relationships between variables. Examples include regression analysis, ANOVA, and chi-square tests.

## Section 3: Applications and Limitations of Research Methods

Qualitative research methods are useful in exploring complex phenomena, understanding people's experiences, and identifying patterns in data. However, they are limited by the subjectivity of the researcher and the difficulty of generalizing findings to larger populations.

Quantitative research methods, on the other hand, are useful in testing hypotheses and measuring relationships between variables. However, they are limited by the need for large sample sizes, the potential for errors in measurement, and the difficulty of controlling for confounding variables.

## Conclusion

Understanding research methods is essential in any field of study. By mastering these methods, you will be able to design and conduct rigorous research that contributes to the advancement of knowledge in your field. Remember to always consider the strengths and limitations of each method and to choose the most appropriate method for your research question.


text: Morning Shift. White House taking new approach to sexual assault on campuses. The White House launches the "It’s On Us” campaign Friday to address sexual assault on college campuses. This comes after the Obama administration established the White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault earlier this year as more students were coming forward with stories of assault, and alleging a lack of response from universities. The campaign has tagged student leaders from universities to join the initiative, including six from right here in Illinois. White House Senior Adviser Valerie Jarrett joins us to explain the goals of the initiative and what has to be done to stem the epidemic of assault. Photo Courtesy of Facebook

textbook:
Lesson: Sexual Assault Prevention

**Introduction:** Sexual assault is a serious issue that affects many people, especially college students. It is essential to understand the causes and consequences of sexual assault and learn how to prevent it. In this lesson, we will explore the causes of sexual assault, the role of colleges and universities in preventing it, and the steps individuals can take to keep themselves and others safe.

**Section 1: Understanding Sexual Assault**

**Topic 1: Defining Sexual Assault**
Sexual assault is any type of sexual contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit consent of all parties involved. It can include forced sexual intercourse, forcible sodomy, child molestation, incest, and other types of sexual violence.

**Topic 2: Causes of Sexual Assault**
There are many factors that contribute to sexual assault, including social norms that promote male dominance and aggression, alcohol and drug use, and a lack of education about healthy relationships and consent.

**Topic 3: Consequences of Sexual Assault**
Sexual assault can have severe physical, emotional, and psychological consequences for victims. These consequences can include depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance abuse.

**Section 2: The Role of Colleges and Universities in Preventing Sexual Assault**

**Topic 1: Title IX and Sexual Assault**
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 is a federal law that prohibits discrimination based on gender at institutions that receive federal funding, including colleges and universities. This law requires schools to take steps to prevent sexual assault and to respond promptly and effectively when it occurs.

**Topic 2: Prevention Programs**
Many colleges and universities have implemented prevention programs to reduce the risk of sexual assault. These programs may include education about healthy relationships, bystander intervention training, and awareness campaigns.

**Topic 3: Reporting and Investigation Procedures**
Schools must have clear and equitable procedures for reporting and investigating sexual assault. Victims should feel comfortable coming forward and know that their reports will be taken seriously.

**Section 3: Steps Individuals Can Take to Prevent Sexual Assault**

**Topic 1: Consent**
Consent is an essential component of any sexual activity. It is defined as an affirmative, unambiguous, and conscious decision by each participant to engage in a specific sexual activity. Without consent, sexual activity is assault.

**Topic 2: Bystander Intervention**
Bystander intervention refers to actions taken by individuals who witness potentially harmful situations or behaviors. These individuals can take steps to prevent sexual assault by intervening, distracting, or seeking help from authorities.

**Topic 3: Personal Safety**
Individuals can take steps to protect themselves and others from sexual assault by being aware of their surroundings, avoiding risky situations, and trusting their instincts. This includes not walking alone at night, being cautious about drinking alcohol or using drugs, and having a plan for getting home safely.

**Conclusion:** Sexual assault is a complex issue that requires a multi-faceted approach to prevention. By understanding the causes and consequences of sexual assault, colleges and universities can implement effective prevention programs. Individuals can also play an essential role in preventing sexual assault by practicing consent, intervening as bystanders, and taking steps to ensure their personal safety. By working together, we can create a safer and more respectful campus environment for all.

**Glossary:**
- Consent: defined as an affirmative, unambiguous, and conscious decision by each participant to engage in a specific sexual activity.
- Sexual Assault: any type of sexual contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit consent of all parties involved.
- Title IX: a federal law that prohibits discrimination based on gender at institutions that receive federal funding, including colleges and universities.

**Self-Debate:** How might the definition of consent vary between cultures and communities? How might this impact the way that sexual assault is addressed and prevented?


text: Weddings. Specialists in stunning Bridal party flowers.. We understand that every Bride is unique and should her wedding flowers be.. We aim to provide the perfect finishing floral touches that will enhance and compliment your special day.. Whether your style is rustic,vintage shabby chic,classic or contemporary,whatever your budget,with our extensive knowledge and creativitywe are confident that we can execute. the perfect vision to suit you and yourbig day.. PLEASE get in touch to book your FREE consultation to discuss your dream day.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Floral Design

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Floral design is the art of creating beautiful and meaningful arrangements of flowers, foliage, and other natural materials to enhance the beauty of a special event or occasion. It involves understanding the properties of different flowers, their colors, and textures, and how they can be combined to create a harmonious whole.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

In this section, we will explore some practical examples of floral design. We will start with a simple bouquet for a bride, then move on to a more complex arrangement for a wedding reception table.

1. Simple Bouquet for a Bride:

For a bride's bouquet, we might choose flowers that are in season and available locally. For example, we could use roses, lilies, and eucalyptus leaves. We would arrange them in a way that complements the bride's dress and overall theme of the wedding.

2. Complex Arrangement for a Wedding Reception Table:

For a wedding reception table, we might choose a larger arrangement that can hold its own as a centerpiece. We could use a mix of tall and short flowers, such as roses, lilies, and hydrangeas, along with some greenery like eucalyptus or ivy. We would also add some candles or lanterns to give the arrangement some height and interest.

## Section 3: Defining Key Terms

Floral Foam: This is a synthetic material that is used to hold water and keep flowers in place. It is often used in commercial settings because it is easy to use and can be reused.

Bouquet Garni: This is a small bunch of herbs that is tied together and used to flavor soups and stews. It is often made up of thyme, rosemary, and bay leaves.

Greenery: This refers to any plant material that is used in floral design, such as leaves, branches, and grasses. It is often used to add texture and depth to an arrangement.

## Glossary

Floral Foam: A synthetic material used to hold water and keep flowers in place.

Bouquet Garni: A small bunch of herbs tied together and used to flavor soups and stews.

Greenery: Plant material used in floral design, such as leaves, branches, and grasses.

## Conclusion

Floral design is a beautiful and meaningful way to enhance any special event or occasion. By understanding the properties of different flowers and how they can be combined, we can create harmonious and stunning arrangements that will leave a lasting impression on our guests.


text: This sketch of Minster Abbey that I drew today had some snags due to the weather, I think it would have been easier to define the shapes of the ruined end in bright sunlight. I think it is this ruined bit that dates from about 1,000 years ago and was once a lighthouse, when Minster was on the coast of the Wanstsum Channel, which made Thanet a true island.. As you see the basic principle is the sketch in the defined parts of the building, scribble on the rest of it and honest the roof was red before the rain shower, which curtailed my sketching. Thanks to my wife who held up the umbrella while I finished applying the watercolour.. Sorry I missed Ramsgate Carnival, other commitments, so no pictures.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Draw a Sketch of a Building

### Introduction
Drawing a sketch of a building is an essential skill for architects, engineers, and designers. In this lesson, we will learn how to draw a sketch of a building using different techniques and tools. We will also explore the importance of defining shapes, using lines and angles, and adding color to create a realistic and accurate representation of the building.

### Section 1: Defining Shapes
The first step in drawing a sketch of a building is to define its shapes. This involves identifying the different parts of the building, such as the walls, roof, and windows, and then using lines to outline them. To define shapes accurately, you need to use the correct tools, such as a pencil with a sharp point and a ruler to ensure straight lines. You can also use a compass to draw circles and arcs.

### Section 2: Using Lines and Angles
Once you have defined the shapes of the building, you need to use lines and angles to create a sense of depth and perspective. This involves using different types of lines, such as straight, diagonal, and curved lines, to create a three-dimensional effect. You can also use angles to show the relationship between different parts of the building, such as the angle between two walls or the slope of a roof.

### Section 3: Adding Color
The final step in drawing a sketch of a building is to add color. This involves choosing the right colors to represent the different materials used in the building, such as bricks, wood, and glass. You can also use color to create a mood or atmosphere, such as using warm colors to create a cozy feeling or cool colors to create a modern look.

### Conclusion
In conclusion, drawing a sketch of a building requires careful attention to detail, an understanding of the principles of design, and a creative approach to color and composition. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can create a realistic and accurate representation of a building that captures its unique features and character.


text: Articles by Alper Bozkurt. - Safety Assessment of Near Infrared Light Emitting Diodes for Diffuse Optical Measurements Biomedical Engineering Online. Mar, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15035670.. -. - A Portable Near Infrared Spectroscopy System for Bedside Monitoring of Newborn Brain Biomedical Engineering Online. 2005 | Pubmed ID: 15862131 Newborns with critical health conditions are monitored in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). In NICU, one of the most important problems that they face is the risk of brain injury. There is a need for continuous monitoring of newborn's brain function to prevent any potential brain injury. This type of monitoring should not interfere with intensive care of the newborn. Therefore, it should be non-invasive and portable.. -. -.. -.. -. -.

textbook:
Title: Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Monitoring Newborn Brain Function

Abstract: Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive and portable technique that can be used to monitor newborn brain function. This technique measures the concentration of oxygen and other biological molecules in the brain by analyzing the absorption and scattering of near infrared light. In this lesson, we will explore the principles of NIRS, its applications in monitoring newborn brain function, and the advantages and limitations of this technique.

Section 1: Introduction to Near Infrared Spectroscopy
- What is Near Infrared Spectroscopy?
- How does NIRS work?
- Why is NIRS useful for monitoring newborn brain function?

Section 2: Principles of Near Infrared Spectroscopy
- What are the wavelengths of near infrared light?
- How does light interact with tissues?
- What are the differences between NIRS and other imaging techniques?

Section 3: Applications of Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Newborn Brain Function Monitoring
- How does NIRS measure oxygenation and metabolism in the brain?
- What are the advantages of NIRS compared to other monitoring techniques?
- What are the limitations of NIRS in monitoring newborn brain function?

Section 4: Practical Examples of Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Newborn Brain Function Monitoring
- How has NIRS been used in clinical settings?
- What are some real-world applications of NIRS in newborn brain function monitoring?
- How has NIRS been used to improve patient outcomes?

Section 5: Conclusion
- What have we learned about NIRS and its applications in newborn brain function monitoring?
- How can these skills be applied to other areas of biomedical engineering?
- What are the next steps for research in this area?

Glossary:
- Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS): A non-invasive technique that measures the concentration of oxygen and other biological molecules in the brain by analyzing the absorption and scattering of near infrared light.
- Oxygenation: The process by which oxygen binds to hemoglobin in the blood, delivering oxygen to tissues and organs.
- Metabolism: The process by which cells convert nutrients into energy and other substances needed for growth and maintenance.

Conclusion:
Near Infrared Spectroscopy is a valuable tool for monitoring newborn brain function due to its non-invasive nature, portability, and ability to provide real-time data on oxygenation and metabolism. By understanding the principles of NIRS and its applications in newborn brain function monitoring, biomedical engineers can contribute to improving patient outcomes and advancing the field of neonatal care.


text: State law requires each Alabama school board to have at least two hours annually of whole board, interactive training. To meet the requirement, training must occur with a trainer present and allow the board to interact with the trainer, each other and the superintendent. In addition, the session must focus on building board members’ skills and/or knowledge. Your board may earn whole board training credit for any of the workshops offered by AASB. In addition, AASB can develop a customized training session for your board’s unique needs.

textbook:
**Lesson:**

**Title:** Whole Board Interactive Training

**Grade Level:** Primary through High School

**Duration:** 1 hour

**Objective:** In this lesson, we will learn about whole board interactive training and its importance in the education system. We will also explore the requirements for this training and how it can benefit school boards.

**Introduction:**

Whole board interactive training is a requirement for all Alabama school boards. This training is essential for building board members' skills and knowledge. In this lesson, we will learn more about this training and its benefits.

**Section 1: Requirements for Whole Board Interactive Training**

The state law requires each Alabama school board to have at least two hours annually of whole board interactive training. This training must occur with a trainer present and allow the board to interact with the trainer, each other, and the superintendent. The session must focus on building board members' skills and/or knowledge.

**Questions:**

1. What is the requirement for whole board interactive training?
2. Who is required to attend this training?
3. What is the purpose of this training?

**Definitions:**

- Trainer: A person who provides instruction or guidance in a particular skill or activity.
- Interactive: Involving two or more parties who are actively and reciprocally engaged with each other.
- Superintendent: The chief executive officer of a school district.

**Section 2: Benefits of Whole Board Interactive Training**

Whole board interactive training has several benefits for school boards. It allows board members to interact with each other, the trainer, and the superintendent, which helps to build relationships and trust. It also focuses on building board members' skills and knowledge, which can lead to better decision-making and improved outcomes for the school district.

**Questions:**

1. What are the benefits of whole board interactive training?
2. How does this training help school boards?

**Section 3: Customized Training Sessions**

AASB can develop a customized training session for your board's unique needs. This means that the training can be tailored to the specific needs of your school board, which can make it more effective and relevant.

**Questions:**

1. Can AASB develop customized training sessions?
2. How can a customized training session benefit my school board?

**Conclusion:**

In conclusion, whole board interactive training is an essential requirement for Alabama school boards. It allows board members to build their skills and knowledge, which can lead to better decision-making and improved outcomes for the school district. AASB can even develop customized training sessions for your board's unique needs, making the training more effective and relevant. By participating in whole board interactive training, school boards can improve their ability to serve their communities and provide a better education for their students.

**Glossary:**

- Trainer: A person who provides instruction or guidance in a particular skill or activity.
- Interactive: Involving two or more parties who are actively and reciprocally engaged with each other.
- Superintendent: The chief executive officer of a school district.


text: This recipe is a beautiful, ruby-colored accompaniment to your holiday turkey we call Chef Ivan Flower’s Cranberry Sauce.. Tag: cranberry sauce. Your favorite Thanksgiving flavors are even better the day after when you can load them all onto a sandwich that works just as well with regular bread if you’re not gluten-intolerent.. Don’t settle for canned cranberry sauce this Thanksgiving when the homemade stuff is so much better and can be a vehicle for such flavors as vanilla and cardamom.. A Willy Wonka inspired meatball that combines the flavors of three delicious Thanksgiving Day foods: turkey, stuffing and cranberry.. Nancy Lopez Mc-Hugh with a great collection of Thanksgiving ideas, and her own cranberry sauce recipe.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Make Cranberry Sauce
## Section 1: Introduction
Cranberries are a popular fruit that is often used in sauces, jams, and other dishes. In this lesson, we will learn how to make cranberry sauce, which is a traditional accompaniment to turkey on Thanksgiving. We will also explore the different ways in which cranberry sauce can be used.
## Section 2: Ingredients and Instructions
To make cranberry sauce, you will need the following ingredients:
- 2 cups water
- 1 cup granulated sugar
- 1 bag (12 oz) fresh cranberries
- 1 orange, chopped
- 1 lemon, chopped
- 1/4 teaspoon grated fresh ginger
- 1/4 teaspoon ground cinnamon
- 1/4 teaspoon ground nutmeg
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
Instructions:
1. In a medium saucepan, bring the water, sugar, orange, lemon, ginger, cinnamon, nutmeg, and salt to a boil.
2. Reduce the heat to low and simmer for 10 minutes, stirring occasionally.
3. Add the cranberries and stir until they are coated with the sugar mixture.
4. Continue to cook over low heat for another 10-15 minutes, or until the cranberries have burst and the sauce has thickened.
5. Remove from heat and let cool.
6. Transfer the cranberry sauce to a storage container and refrigerate until ready to serve.
## Section 3: Variations and Uses
There are many variations of cranberry sauce that you can try. For example, you can add a pinch of cloves or a dash of white wine to the recipe. You can also experiment with different sweeteners, such as honey or maple syrup.
Cranberry sauce is often served as a side dish with turkey on Thanksgiving. However, it can also be used in sandwiches, salads, and other dishes. For example, you can spread cranberry sauce on toast or use it as a marinade for chicken or beef.
## Section 4: Conclusion
Making cranberry sauce is a simple process that results in a delicious and versatile condiment. Whether you are looking for a traditional side dish or a unique ingredient to add to your meals, cranberry sauce is a great option. With its tangy flavor and vibrant color, it is sure to add a special touch to any dish.


text: The LODI Rimmel pointed toe pumps are very comfortable and elegant. They are made of light blue suede with a wide 8.5 cm heel lined in champagne color leather. In addition to the stability provided by their wide heels, their comfort is superior thanks to their new-gel insole and their rubber sole, which makes them more flexible while offering better grip even on slippery floors.. Their interior is lined with leather and they are made in Spain.. The sizing of these shoes is regular, so we recommend that you choose your usual size.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Choose the Right Shoes for Your Feet
Introduction:
Choosing the right shoes for your feet is an essential part of taking care of your health. Wearing uncomfortable or ill-fitting shoes can cause foot pain, joint pain, and other health problems. In this lesson, we will learn how to choose the right shoes for our feet by examining the features of a pair of LODI Rimmel pointed toe pumps.
Section 1: Understanding the Features of the Shoes
- The LODI Rimmel pointed toe pumps are made of light blue suede with a wide 8.5 cm heel lined in champagne color leather.
- These shoes have a stability feature that is provided by their wide heels.
- They also have a comfort feature that is provided by their new-gel insole and rubber sole.
- The shoes are made in Spain.
- The sizing of these shoes is regular, so we recommend that you choose your usual size.
Questions:
- What are the features of the LODI Rimmel pointed toe pumps?
- What is the stability feature of these shoes?
- What is the comfort feature of these shoes?
- Where are these shoes made?
- What is the sizing of these shoes?
Section 2: Understanding the Importance of Foot Health
- Our feet are very important parts of our body. They help us move around and support our weight.
- Wearing uncomfortable or ill-fitting shoes can cause foot pain, joint pain, and other health problems.
- It is essential to choose shoes that fit well and provide support and comfort.
- Shoes that are too tight or too loose can cause foot problems.
Questions:
- Why are our feet important?
- What are some health problems that can be caused by wearing uncomfortable or ill-fitting shoes?
- Why is it essential to choose shoes that fit well and provide support and comfort?
Section 3: Applying the Concepts to Real-World Scenarios
- Imagine that you are going shoe shopping.
- You want to find a pair of shoes that are comfortable and provide support.
- You see a pair of LODI Rimmel pointed toe pumps that have a wide 8.5 cm heel and are made of light blue suede.
- You read that these shoes have a stability feature provided by their wide heels and a comfort feature provided by their new-gel insole and rubber sole.
- You also read that these shoes are made in Spain and come in your regular size.
- Based on what you have learned in this lesson, do you think these shoes would be a good choice for you? Why or why not?
Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the features of a pair of LODI Rimmel pointed toe pumps and the importance of foot health. We also applied these concepts to a real-world scenario of shoe shopping. By understanding the features of the shoes and their impact on foot health, we can make informed decisions when choosing shoes. Remember to always prioritize foot health when selecting shoes.
Glossary:
- Feet: the parts of the body that we use to walk and stand on
- Heel: the back part of the shoe that touches the ground
- Insole: the part of the shoe that touches the foot
- Rubber sole: the bottom part of the shoe that provides grip and support
- Spain: a country in Europe known for its fashion and design industry


text: Does everyone in your extended family have one of our Local Flavor Cookbooks? How about friend and neighbors!. .. Books, Books, Books! We have lots of books that relate to the history and culture of our area. The two most important are Elaine Henson’s Carolina Beach in Postcards and Brenda Coffey’s new Images of America: Kure Beach. Both are well researched and would be a great present to anyone who’s interested in the history of our local area..

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Local History and Culture

Introduction:
History and culture are essential aspects of any community. They define who we are, where we come from, and what makes us unique. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of local history and culture and why it's essential to preserve and celebrate them.

Section 1: Understanding Local History and Culture

Topic 1: What is local history and culture?
- Local history refers to the study of the past events and people of a particular area or region.
- Culture refers to the customs, beliefs, and behaviors that characterize a group or society.

Topic 2: Why is local history and culture important?
- It helps us understand our roots and heritage.
- It provides a sense of identity and belonging.
- It preserves the memory of our ancestors and their contributions to society.
- It helps us appreciate and respect different cultures and traditions.

Section 2: Preserving and Celebrating Local History and Culture

Topic 1: How can we preserve local history and culture?
- Document and record oral histories and personal stories.
- Collect and preserve historical artifacts and objects.
- Protect and preserve historical landmarks and buildings.
- Promote and celebrate local traditions and customs.

Topic 2: How can we celebrate local history and culture?
- Organize and participate in cultural events and festivals.
- Visit and support local museums and historical sites.
- Read and share local history and culture-related books and resources.
- Learn and practice local customs and traditions.

Section 3: Real-World Examples

Topic 1: Carolina Beach in Postcards
- This book by Elaine Henson documents the history of Carolina Beach through postcard images.
- It showcases how local history can be preserved and celebrated through visual storytelling.

Topic 2: Images of America: Kure Beach
- This book by Brenda Coffey also explores the history of a local area through stunning images.
- It demonstrates the importance of preserving and celebrating local history and culture through different mediums.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, local history and culture are essential aspects of any community. By understanding their importance and learning how to preserve and celebrate them, we can honor our past, appreciate our present, and shape our future. So, go out there and explore your local history and culture!

Glossary:
- Local history: The study of past events and people of a particular area or region.
- Culture: The customs, beliefs, and behaviors that characterize a group or society.
- Oral histories: Personal stories and testimonies passed down through generations.
- Artifacts: Objects or items of historical significance.
- Landmarks: Physical locations or structures that hold historical significance.
- Traditions: Customs and practices passed down through generations.
- Customs: Practices and behaviors unique to a particular culture or group.
- Postcards: Small cards with pictures on one side and a space for a message on the other, often used for communication and documenting travel.
- Images: Visual representations of something.

Self-Debate Discussion:
How can we encourage others to appreciate and respect local history and culture?


text:
Immigration Debate So Funny We Forgot to Laugh

When a Democratic state legislator introduced a satirical bill proposing that Mississippi rename the Gulf of Mexico the "Gulf of America," he fooled a whole lot of people into thinking he was serious, providing a funny (but actually sad) commentary on the state of the immigration debate.

When a Democratic state legislator introduced a satirical bill proposing that Mississippi rename the Gulf of Mexico the "Gulf of America," he fooled a whole lot of people into thinking he was serious, providing a funny (but actually sad) commentary on the state of the immigration debate. A few blogs picked up on the bill Wednesday, after which Think Progress posted about it. From there, outlets from Wonkette to the Huffington Post to Drudge Report pointed to the bill, most of them using it as an example of absurdity. (Think "Freedom Fries.") It is indeed pretty absurd. Introduced by Mississippi Rep. Steve Holland, it reads:

For all official purposes within the State of Mississippi, the body of water that is located directly south of Hancock, Harrison and Jackson Counties shall be known as the "Gulf of America." ... This act shall take effect and be in force from and after July 1, 2012.

For many, it seemed like a bridge too far, and that's because it absolutely was. Mississippi Public Broadcasting finally got in touch with Holland, reports NPR, who revealed his less-than-earnest intentions. From NPR:

Holland told Daniel that so many of his Republican colleagues seem to want to push anything or anyone Mexican out of the state that he's just trying to "embrace" their cause and help them out. In other words, he's introduced a bill that he thinks will make a satirical point by being outrageous.

Beyond the question of whether congressional legislation is the most effective space for satire (and we're not sure that it is), who is to blame in this situation? Members of the media who thought so little of Mississippi legislators that they bought the story without blinking? Or those in the political arena who regularly invoke scary Mexico for making this story so instantly plausible to so many?

The story's not over though. This bill may be satirical, but it is an actual bill -- the Mississippi House’s Marine Resources Committee is supposedly holding a hearing on it, the legislature could technically approve it if they wanted to, and it could become an actual law. It's not such an absurd thought: It would be a whole lot like the idea of "self-deportation," coined by comedians and eventually taken up by actual politicians. Could "Gulf of America" start as a joke and become ... something else? We have a little too much faith to think it will. But if it did, we'd have to wonder how much of the language surrounding this debate started out in a basement comedy club.

This article is from the archive of our partner The Wire.

We want to hear what you think about this article. Submit a letter to the editor or write to letters@theatlantic.com.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Satire

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of satire and its use in political discourse.

**Materials:**
- A copy of the article "Immigration Debate So Funny We Forgot to Laugh"
- Whiteboard or chart paper
- Markers
- Projector or screen

**Introduction:** Begin by asking students if they have ever heard the term "satire" before. Explain that satire is a form of humor that uses exaggeration, irony, or ridicule to expose and criticize the weaknesses or faults of a particular subject, often politics or society.

**Instruction:** Read the article "Immigration Debate So Funny We Forgot to Laugh" with the class. As you read, stop at key points to discuss the following questions:

1. What is the main idea of the article?
2. How does the author use satire to make a point about the immigration debate?
3. Why do you think the author chose to use satire in this way?
4. Can you think of other examples of satire in politics or popular culture?

**Activity:** Divide the class into small groups and ask them to brainstorm their own satirical ideas related to the immigration debate. Encourage them to think creatively and push boundaries while still being respectful of others' opinions.

**Debate:** Once each group has presented their idea, hold a class-wide discussion on the effectiveness of satire as a tool for political discourse. Do students think that satire can change people's minds or simply reinforce existing beliefs? How can satire be used responsibly without causing harm or offense?

**Conclusion:** Review the key concepts of satire and its use in political discourse. Emphasize the importance of critical thinking and responsible communication when engaging in political discussions. Remind students that while satire can be a powerful tool for making a point, it must be used carefully and thoughtfully to avoid causing harm or offense.

**Glossary:**
- Satire: a form of humor that uses exaggeration, irony, or ridicule to expose and criticize the weaknesses or faults of a particular subject.
- Political discourse: the exchange of ideas and opinions related to government and public policy.
- Critical thinking: the process of actively and objectively analyzing information to make informed judgments.


text:
The extraordinary true story of an unexpected friendship in the later years of Queen Victoria's (Academy Award winner Judi Dench) remarkable rule. When Abdul Karim (Ali Fazal), a young clerk, travels from India to participate in the Queen's Golden Jubilee, he is surprised to find favour with the Queen herself. As the Queen questions the constrictions of her long-held position, the two forge an unlikely and devoted alliance with a loyalty to one another that her household and inner circle all attempt to destroy. As the friendship deepens, the Queen begins to see a changing world through new eyes and joyfully reclaims her humanity.

"A film of solid craftsmanship led by another royally magnificent performance by Judi Dench."

"This is a very warm story about an unusual relationship surrounded by palace intrigue, power struggles and jealousy. It is about the loneliness of a world-weary Queen who finds the emotional support she needs in a man from a very different culture."

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Friendship

Introduction:
Friendship is an essential part of life. It provides us with support, comfort, and joy. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of friendship and how it can impact our lives. We will explore different types of friendships and how they can benefit us.

Section 1: Types of Friendships

There are different types of friendships, and each one has its unique benefits. Here are some common types of friendships:

1. Acquaintances: These are people you know but don't necessarily share deep connections with. They can be helpful in expanding your social network.

2. Casual friends: These are people you enjoy spending time with but don't share deep personal connections. They can provide a fun and relaxed atmosphere.

3. Close friends: These are people you trust and confide in. They provide emotional support and help you navigate challenges.

4. Best friends: These are people who are like family to you. They are there for you through thick and thin, and they share your deepest secrets.

Section 2: Benefits of Friendship

Friendship provides many benefits, including:

1. Emotional support: Friends provide a listening ear and a shoulder to cry on when needed.

2. Social connection: Friends help us feel connected to others and part of a community.

3. Laughter: Friends bring joy and laughter into our lives.

4. Confidence: Friends help us feel confident and empowered.

5. Shared experiences: Friends provide opportunities for shared experiences, such as travel or attending events together.

Section 3: Examples of Friendship

Let's look at an example of a close friendship between Queen Victoria and Abdul Karim. Despite their different backgrounds, they formed a strong bond that changed both of their lives.

Queen Victoria was a powerful monarch, but she was also lonely. She found solace in her friendship with Abdul Karim, who helped her see the world in a new way. Their friendship showed that friendship can transcend social barriers and bring joy and growth to our lives.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, friendship is an essential part of life. It provides us with support, comfort, and joy. Whether we have many friends or just a few, they can enrich our lives and help us grow. Remember that friendship is a two-way street, and it takes effort to maintain strong friendships. Be open to new friendships and appreciate the ones you already have.


text: Our Vision. For the community, for the kids.. Ridgeway has a rich community history, and the Advancement was founded by a group of volunteers to continue that tradition while improving the spaces we share. These shared spaces and community events hosted in them are designed to foster children’s programs and strengthen foundation of our community.. We’re proud to work closely with other organizations in our community, and neighboring communities all with the same goals in mind. To protect, to improve, and to grow our communities means working together to provide a safe environment that encourages a network of families and friends that believe in the greatness of our little town.. Whether your roots run deep in Ridgeway or you’ve just planted your seeds here, the Ridgeway Advancement is proud to do the work that makes our town such a uniquely lovely place to live. Welcome home.. Zachary Bennett. Mike Scheidegger. Kari Phelan.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Community Involvement

Introduction:
Community involvement is an essential aspect of building a strong and healthy society. It involves individuals coming together to work towards common goals that benefit the community as a whole. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of community involvement and the various ways in which people can get involved.

Section 1: Why Community Involvement is Important

Topic 1: Building Strong Relationships
Community involvement helps to build strong relationships between people. When individuals come together to work towards a common goal, they form bonds that can last a lifetime. These relationships can lead to a greater sense of belonging and connection within the community.

Topic 2: Improving Quality of Life
Community involvement can improve the quality of life for everyone involved. When people work together to improve their community, they create a better place to live, work, and play. This can lead to increased property values, safer streets, and a stronger economy.

Topic 3: Passing on Values to Future Generations
Community involvement teaches valuable lessons to future generations. When children see their parents and neighbors working together to make a difference, they learn the importance of giving back and being a part of something bigger than themselves.

Section 2: Ways to Get Involved in Your Community

Topic 1: Volunteering
Volunteering is one of the most effective ways to get involved in your community. There are countless opportunities to volunteer, including working at a local food bank, tutoring children, or cleaning up a park.

Topic 2: Attending Community Events
Attending community events is another great way to get involved. These events can range from neighborhood block parties to larger events like parades or festivals. Attending these events shows support for the community and helps to bring people together.

Topic 3: Joining a Local Organization
Joining a local organization is another way to get involved in your community. There are many types of organizations to choose from, including civic groups, charitable organizations, and social clubs.

Section 3: The Benefits of Community Involvement

Topic 1: Personal Growth
Community involvement can lead to personal growth and development. When individuals give back to their community, they often experience a sense of fulfillment and pride that can boost their self-esteem and confidence.

Topic 2: Skill Development
Community involvement can also help individuals develop valuable skills. For example, volunteering can help people learn leadership, teamwork, and communication skills.

Topic 3: Creating Change
Community involvement can create change by bringing attention to important issues and inspiring others to take action. When people work together to make a difference, they can create positive change that benefits everyone.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, community involvement is an essential aspect of building a strong and healthy society. By getting involved in our communities, we can create positive change, build strong relationships, and pass on valuable lessons to future generations. Whether through volunteering, attending community events, or joining a local organization, there are many ways to get involved. So go out and make a difference today!

Glossary:
- Community: A group of people living in the same area or having the same interests.
- Involvement: The act of taking part in something or being directly concerned in an activity or event.
- Relationships: The state of being connected or associated with someone or something.
- Quality of life: The general well-being and happiness of individuals and communities.


text: Ransomware is a denial of access attack on a computer system. In a typical ransomware attack, a malicious Trojan is installed on the target machine. The Trojan then locks down the computer, and demands a ransom for unlocking it. An unsophisticated ransomware may use an easily-circumvented attack, such as locking the user's account. But more advanced ransomware may actually encrypt the user's files, and demand a ransom in exchange for the decryption key. As it may be impractical to decrypt the files without the key, and as the user's files may be important, many users pay the ransom.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Protect Your Computer from Ransomware Attacks

**Introduction**

In this lesson, we will learn about ransomware attacks and how to protect our computers from them. Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a victim's files and demands payment in exchange for the decryption key. It is a serious threat to computer security, and can cause significant damage to individuals and businesses alike.

**Section 1: What is Ransomware?**

Ransomware is a type of malware that is designed to extort money from its victims. It works by encrypting the victim's files and demanding payment in exchange for the decryption key. Ransomware attacks are typically carried out through phishing emails or by exploiting vulnerabilities in software.

**Section 2: How to Protect Your Computer from Ransomware Attacks**

There are several steps you can take to protect your computer from ransomware attacks:

1. Keep your software up-to-date: Make sure your operating system and all of your software are up-to-date with the latest security patches. This will help prevent ransomware from exploiting known vulnerabilities.

2. Use strong passwords: Use strong, unique passwords for all of your accounts. Avoid using the same password across multiple accounts, and change your passwords regularly.

3. Be cautious of email attachments and links: Do not open email attachments or click on links from unknown senders. Even if the email appears to be from a legitimate source, it could still contain ransomware.

4. Backup your files: Regularly backup your important files to an external hard drive or cloud storage service. This will allow you to recover your files in the event of a ransomware attack.

5. Use anti-virus software: Install and use reputable anti-virus software to protect your computer from malware. Make sure to keep the software up-to-date with the latest virus definitions.

**Section 3: Real-World Examples**

In 2017, the WannaCry ransomware attack affected hundreds of thousands of computers worldwide. The attack used a vulnerability in the Windows operating system to spread rapidly across networks. The attackers demanded payment in Bitcoin, and caused an estimated $4 billion in damages.

In 2018, the SamSam ransomware attack targeted several organizations, including hospitals and government agencies. The attackers used a phishing email to install the ransomware, and demanded payment in exchange for the decryption key. The attack caused significant disruption and cost millions of dollars to repair.

**Conclusion**

Ransomware attacks are a serious threat to computer security, and can cause significant damage to individuals and businesses alike. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can protect your computer from ransomware attacks and reduce the risk of becoming a victim. Remember to keep your software up-to-date, use strong passwords, be cautious of email attachments and links, backup your files, and use anti-virus software.