text:
Q:

Is there a name for kanji with the same ON and KUN readings?

Is there a name for kanji with the same on and kun reading? I mean kanji like 労.

A:

A few kanji do have the same on- and kun-readings. In the joyo-kanji list,

死

on: シ as in 死亡【シボウ】 (death), 死体【シタイ】 (corpse)
kun: 死【し】ぬ (to die)

架

on: カ as in 高架【コウカ】 (elevated/raised (road)), 担架【タンカ】 (stretcher)
kun: 架【か】ける (to build (a bridge))

I don't know the name for this type of kanji. These are probably mere coincidences and I wonder if this will help people learn Japanese.

A:

I'm not sure there are kanji that have the same on and kun reading and if there are, they would be extremely rare. For this to happen you would have to have a native Japanese word (at most two morae), which happens to be pronounced like a on reading (quite unlikely) and that word happens to be the on reading of the kanji that matches the meaning of the original Japanese word (extremely unlikely).
For example, か "mosquito" could be an on reading of a kanji. But it's not the on reading of the kanji that matches the meaning "mosquito", which would be 蚊【ブン】. So, we get 蚊 with kun reading か and on reading ブン.

It may happen that the on reading of a single kanji may be used as a word by itself (e.g. 駅). That doesn't make the reading a kun reading.
Also, sometimes the on reading of a kanji may be used in verbs (e.g. 愛す or 転じる). Even if the verb can be written in hiragana (as in あいす or てんじる), that doesn't make the reading (あい or てん) a kun reading. These verbs, that look like

[on reading] + す
  [on reading] + じる
  [on reading] + ずる

are fossilized versions of

[on reading] + する

as in 勉強する "to study" and you will agree that べんきょう isn't a kun reading of 勉強 just because it appears in べんきょうする.

textbook:
## Lesson: Introduction to Kanji

### Section 1: What is Kanji?
Kanji are Chinese characters that are used in the Japanese writing system. They represent words or concepts and are often used to write Japanese words that do not have a direct equivalent in the Roman alphabet.

### Section 2: How many Kanji are there?
There are over 50,000 kanji in the Japanese language, but only about 2,000 of them are commonly used.

### Section 3: How do you read Kanji?
Kanji can be read in two different ways: on-reading and kun-reading. On-reading is the way the kanji is pronounced when it is used as a noun or adjective in a sentence. Kun-reading is the way the kanji is pronounced when it is used as a verb or adverb.

### Section 4: Examples of Kanji
Here are some examples of kanji and their meanings:

1. 人 (にん) - person
2. 日 (にち) - day
3. 木 (き) - tree
4. 水 (すい) - water
5. 火 (か) - fire
6. 山 (やま) - mountain
7. 川 (かわ) - river
8. 海 (うみ) - sea
9. 空 (くう) - sky
10. 地 (ち) - earth

### Section 5: Practice Questions
1. What is the on-reading of the kanji 人?
2. What is the kun-reading of the kanji 日?
3. What is the meaning of the kanji 木?
4. What is the meaning of the kanji 水?
5. What is the meaning of the kanji 火?
6. What is the meaning of the kanji 山?
7. What is the meaning of the kanji 川?
8. What is the meaning of the kanji 海?
9. What is the meaning of the kanji 空?
10. What is the meaning of the kanji 地?

### Glossary:
- On-reading: the way a kanji is pronounced when it is used as a noun or adjective in a sentence.
- Kun-reading: the way a kanji is pronounced when it is used as a verb or adverb.

### Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about kanji, their usage in the Japanese language, and how to read them. We also practiced identifying the on-reading and kun-reading of some common kanji. By understanding kanji, we can improve our reading and writing skills in Japanese.


text:
The reliability of self-reported alcohol consumption in the remote past.
We examined the reliability of self-reported alcohol consumption in past age periods of women's lives. As part of a case-control study of breast cancer conducted in Massachusetts and Wisconsin in 1988-1991, the same questionnaire was administered for a second time to 211 controls (mean age = 54 years) after an interval of 6-12 months. The Spearman correlation coefficients between the average number of grams of alcohol consumed daily reported in the two interviews, by age period of consumption, were: 16-19 years, r = 0.81; 20-29 years, r = 0.84; 30-39 years, r = 0.75; and for recent consumption, r = 0.77. Self-reported alcohol consumption throughout adult life was reported with precision sufficient to make the ranking of subjects' intake consistent between interviews.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Reliability of Self-Reported Alcohol Consumption
Introduction:
Self-reported alcohol consumption is a common method used to collect data on alcohol consumption patterns. However, the reliability of this method has been questioned due to factors such as memory and social desirability bias. In this lesson, we will explore the reliability of self-reported alcohol consumption in the remote past and discuss the factors that contribute to its accuracy.
Section 1: Understanding Reliability
Reliability refers to the consistency and stability of a measure. In the context of self-reported alcohol consumption, reliability refers to the consistency of responses when the same question is asked at different times or in different ways.
Factors that can affect the reliability of self-reported alcohol consumption include:
- Memory: People may not accurately recall their past alcohol consumption habits.
- Social desirability: People may report lower levels of alcohol consumption to appear more socially acceptable.
- Changes in behavior: People may change their alcohol consumption habits over time, making it difficult to accurately report past consumption.
Section 2: Analyzing Reliability
Researchers have conducted studies to determine the reliability of self-reported alcohol consumption. One such study examined the reliability of self-reported alcohol consumption in past age periods of women's lives. The study found that self-reported alcohol consumption throughout adult life was reported with precision sufficient to make the ranking of subjects' intake consistent between interviews.
The study also found that the Spearman correlation coefficients between the average number of grams of alcohol consumed daily reported in the two interviews, by age period of consumption, were: 16-19 years, r = 0.81; 20-29 years, r = 0.84; 30-39 years, r = 0.75; and for recent consumption, r = 0.77. These results suggest that self-reported alcohol consumption is relatively reliable, especially when the time interval between interviews is short.
Section 3: Applying Reliability to Real-World Scenarios
The reliability of self-reported alcohol consumption has implications for research and public health efforts. For example, if we know that self-reported alcohol consumption is relatively reliable, we can use this information to make informed decisions about alcohol consumption patterns and their relationship to health outcomes.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, self-reported alcohol consumption is a commonly used method for collecting data on alcohol consumption patterns. While there are factors that can affect the reliability of these reports, research has shown that self-reported alcohol consumption is relatively reliable, especially when the time interval between interviews is short. This information can be used to inform research and public health efforts related to alcohol consumption and its relationship to health outcomes.


text: WASHINGTON — The IRS and other Obama administration agencies are still targeting conservative groups, Tea Party advocates told a House panel Thursday.. Catherine Engelbrecht, founder and president of a Tea Party group in Houston, testified that her business, nonprofit group and family have been hit with at least 15 audits or inquiries by the feds, including the IRS, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms, and the FBI.. “The FBI contacted my nonprofit organization on six separate occasions, wanting to cull through membership manifests in conjunction with domestic terrorism cases,” she said. “They eventually dropped all matters and have now redacted nearly all my files.”

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Government Overreach

**Objective:** Understand the concept of government overreach and its impact on citizens.

**Lesson Outline:**

1. **Introduction:** Introduce the topic of government overreach and explain why it is an important issue.

2. **Theoretical Concepts:** Explain what government overreach means and provide examples of how it can occur.

3. **Practical Examples:** Use real-world scenarios to illustrate how government overreach can affect individuals and groups.

4. **Self-Debate:** Encourage critical thinking by asking questions about the role of government and individual rights.

5. **Conclusion:** Summarize the key points and emphasize the importance of being informed about government actions.

6. **Glossary:** Define key terms related to government overreach.

**Section 1: Introduction**

In this lesson, we will explore the concept of government overreach and its impact on citizens. Government overreach occurs when a government agency exceeds its powers and intrudes upon the rights and freedoms of individuals. This can happen in many ways, such as through excessive regulation, surveillance, or censorship. It is an important issue because it can threaten our liberties and undermine the foundation of our democracy.

**Section 2: Theoretical Concepts**

Government overreach can take many forms, but some common examples include:

- Excessive use of force by law enforcement officers
- Unfair targeting of certain groups or individuals by government agencies
- Passage of laws that infringe upon civil liberties
- Excessive surveillance by intelligence agencies
- Censorship of free speech or press

**Section 3: Practical Examples**

Let's consider some real-world scenarios to illustrate how government overreach can affect individuals and groups:

- In 2013, the IRS targeted Tea Party groups and other conservative organizations, delaying their applications for tax-exempt status and subjecting them to additional scrutiny. This was a clear case of government overreach, as the agency was supposed to be impartial and nonpartisan.
- In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, some governors imposed strict lockdown measures that affected people's ability to earn a living or access essential services. This could be seen as an example of government overreach, as it limited individual freedom and economic activity.
- In 2017, the FBI investigated a group of protesters who were peacefully demonstrating against a pipeline project. This was an example of government overreach, as the agency was supposed to be focused on preventing violence and crime, not political dissent.

**Section 4: Self-Debate**

Now let's engage in some self-debate by asking questions about the role of government and individual rights:

- Should the government have the power to regulate free speech? Why or why not?
- Is it ever okay for law enforcement officers to use excessive force? Under what circumstances?
- How can we balance the need for public safety with the protection of individual rights?

**Section 5: Conclusion**

In conclusion, we have explored the concept of government overreach and its potential impact on citizens. We have also looked at some practical examples and engaged in self-debate. It is important for us to be informed about government actions and to hold our elected officials accountable for any instances of overreach. By staying vigilant and engaged, we can help protect our liberties and ensure that our government remains a servant of the people, rather than a master.

**Section 6: Glossary**

- Government overreach: When a government agency exceeds its powers and intrudes upon the rights and freedoms of individuals.
- Excessive use of force: When law enforcement officers use more force than necessary to apprehend a suspect or maintain order.
- Unfair targeting: When a government agency singles out certain groups or individuals for unfair treatment or scrutiny.
- Civil liberties: The basic rights and freedoms guaranteed to citizens by the Constitution and other laws.
- Surveillance: The act of monitoring or spying on someone or something.
- Censorship: The suppression of information, ideas, or artistic expression by a government or other authority.


text: I am just a few days away from finishing my sophomore year of college, which means that after five classes, a job, and freelance web design on the side, I am finally about to be free for the summer.. Free to find new hobbies, foods, read another Ayn Rand book, or hell, maybe even find religion.. Well, not really. Summer may be here, but my calendar will certainly not be empty. If all goes right, my current job as a web designer for a small, but quickly growing, renewable energy and HR consulting firm will continue through the summer, and hopefully I’ll find some small freelance jobs to do as well.. That will take most of my time. But I have several goals, too:. I miss being with my family, too, especially my brother now that we’ve both grown up to the point where we don’t want to kill each other every time we see each other. I’m looking forward to being with them all summer.. Those are my goals. I’m sure you’ll hear more about a few of them throughout the summer, and especially the first one.

textbook:
Lesson: Time Management for Students
Introduction:
Time management is an essential skill that students must learn to excel in their academic and personal lives. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of time management, its benefits, and strategies to help students manage their time effectively.
Core Value:
The core value of time management is the ability to prioritize tasks, set goals, and allocate time efficiently to achieve desired outcomes.
Section 1: Importance of Time Management for Students
Topic 1: Benefits of Time Management
- Improved academic performance
- Reduced stress and anxiety
- Better work-life balance
- Increased productivity
- Enhanced career opportunities
Discussion Questions:
1. Why is time management important for students?
2. What are the benefits of time management for students?
3. How does time management relate to academic performance?
Section 2: Strategies for Effective Time Management
Topic 1: Prioritization
- Identify the most important tasks
- Allocate time for each task based on its importance and urgency
- Create a to-do list to track progress
Discussion Questions:
1. How can students prioritize tasks effectively?
2. What are the steps involved in prioritizing tasks?
3. How can students create an effective to-do list?
Topic 2: Goal Setting
- Set short-term and long-term goals
- Break down goals into smaller, achievable tasks
- Track progress towards goals
- Adjust goals as needed
Discussion Questions:
1. How can students set effective goals?
2. What are the benefits of goal setting for time management?
3. How can students track progress towards their goals?
Section 3: Practical Examples of Time Management for Students
Topic 1: Balancing Schoolwork and Extracurricular Activities
- Allocate time for each activity based on its importance and urgency
- Use a calendar to schedule activities
- Avoid procrastination
- Seek help when needed
Discussion Questions:
1. How can students balance schoolwork and extracurricular activities?
2. What are the consequences of procrastination?
3. When should students seek help?
Topic 2: Preparing for Exams
- Create a study schedule
- Use effective study techniques
- Take breaks
- Stay organized
- Review material regularly
Discussion Questions:
1. How can students prepare effectively for exams?
2. What are the benefits of creating a study schedule?
3. What are effective study techniques?
Conclusion:
Time management is a crucial skill that students must learn to succeed academically and personally. By prioritizing tasks, setting goals, and allocating time efficiently, students can improve their academic performance, reduce stress and anxiety, and enhance their career opportunities. By applying the strategies discussed in this lesson, students can develop effective time management skills that will serve them throughout their lives.
Glossary:
- Prioritization: The process of identifying the most important tasks and allocating time for each task based on its importance and urgency.
- Goal setting: The process of identifying short-term and long-term goals and breaking them down into smaller, achievable tasks.
- Procrastination: The act of delaying or postponing tasks until the last minute.


text: Nearly 25 years after ballot measure Proposition 209 ended race- and gender-conscious affirmative action in the state of California, several California legislators are working in partnership with a broad multiracial coalition of advocacy groups and have introduced a new bill — Assembly Constitutional Amendment 5 (ACA5) — to repeal Proposition 209 and to restore equal opportunity for all Californians.. The bill, announced in a press conference at the California State Capitol this morning, cites the damage enacted by two decades under Proposition 209 to women, people of colour and minority-owned businesses, many of whom have become increasingly underrepresented in California state schools and the professional sector.Continue reading “BREAKING: California Legislators Introduce Bill to Reinstate Affirmative Action and Equal Opportunity For All”

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Diversity and Inclusion in Society

Introduction:
Diversity and inclusion are essential aspects of any society. They promote equality, fairness, and justice for all individuals regardless of their race, gender, ethnicity, or social status. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of diversity and inclusion in society and how they contribute to a more equitable and just world.

Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
- Definition of Diversity: Diversity refers to the variety of differences among individuals, such as their race, gender, ethnicity, culture, religion, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic background.
- Definition of Inclusion: Inclusion refers to the act of creating an environment in which all individuals feel valued, respected, and supported. It involves recognizing and celebrating the differences among individuals and ensuring that everyone has an equal opportunity to participate and contribute.

Section 2: Questions and Answers
- Why is diversity important in society?
    - Diversity promotes creativity, innovation, and problem-solving skills. It also helps to break down barriers and stereotypes, leading to better communication and collaboration among individuals.
- How does inclusion contribute to a more equitable society?
    - Inclusion creates a sense of belonging and acceptance for all individuals, regardless of their differences. It fosters a culture of respect and understanding, which leads to better relationships and interactions among people.

Section 3: Practical Examples
- A company with a diverse workforce that values inclusion can benefit from a wider range of perspectives, experiences, and skills. This can lead to better decision-making, productivity, and profitability.
- A school that embraces diversity and inclusion can create a safe and supportive learning environment for all students, regardless of their backgrounds. This can lead to better academic performance, higher graduation rates, and a stronger sense of community.

Section 4: Real-World Scenarios
- Consider a workplace where employees come from different cultural backgrounds. How can the company promote diversity and inclusion?
    - The company can provide training on cultural competency and sensitivity. It can also create a forum for employees to share their cultural traditions and celebrations. Additionally, the company can offer flexible work arrangements to accommodate employees' cultural practices and beliefs.

Conclusion:
Diversity and inclusion are essential components of a just and equitable society. By valuing and celebrating our differences, we can create a world that is more collaborative, innovative, and compassionate. As we continue to learn about the importance of diversity and inclusion, we must strive to apply these principles in our daily lives, whether in our personal relationships or professional environments. By doing so, we can make a positive impact on our communities and contribute to a more just and equitable world for all.

Glossary:
- Diversity: The variety of differences among individuals, such as race, gender, ethnicity, culture, religion, and socioeconomic background.
- Inclusion: The act of creating an environment in which all individuals feel valued, respected, and supported.

Self-Debating Discussion:
- What are some ways that we can promote diversity and inclusion in our own communities?
    - We can attend community events that celebrate different cultures and traditions. We can volunteer at local organizations that serve diverse populations. We can also educate ourselves on the experiences and perspectives of others who may differ from our own.


text: To meet diverse requirements of our valued clients related to furniture, we are engaged in offering 2 Seater Designer Sofa, that ascent the beauty of dining area with its modern style. The offered sofa is a wonderful addition to the living space of reception, rooms and lobbies of hotel. We provide this 2 Seater Designer Sofa to our clients in various sizes & shapes at affordable price that is perfect for any interiors.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Furniture Design

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Furniture design is the process of creating functional and aesthetically pleasing pieces of furniture. It involves the use of various materials, such as wood, metal, and plastic, to create furniture that meets the needs of individuals and society.

## Section 2: Questions and Answers
**Question:** What is the purpose of furniture design?
**Answer:** The purpose of furniture design is to create functional and aesthetically pleasing pieces of furniture that meet the needs of individuals and society.

**Question:** What materials are used in furniture design?
**Answer:** Various materials, such as wood, metal, and plastic, are used in furniture design.

## Section 3: Definitions of Purpose
Furniture design is important because it helps to create functional and stylish pieces of furniture that can be used in various settings, such as homes, offices, and hotels. It also helps to meet the needs of individuals and society by creating furniture that is comfortable, durable, and affordable.

## Section 4: Practical Examples Using Mathematical Abstractions and Real-World Scenarios
A simple example of furniture design is a chair. The designer must consider the height of the person who will use the chair, the weight capacity, and the material that will be used to make the chair. They must also consider the style and color of the chair to ensure that it matches the decor of the room.

In a real-world scenario, a furniture designer may be asked to create a piece of furniture for a hotel lobby. They must consider the style of the hotel, the size of the lobby, and the type of furniture that will be used in the space. They may also need to consider the cost of the furniture and the durability of the materials used.

## Section 5: Self-Debating Discussions to Teach Critical Thinking
One debate related to furniture design is whether or not sustainable materials should be used. Some people argue that using sustainable materials is important for the environment, while others argue that the cost of sustainable materials may be too high for some consumers.

Another debate is whether or not furniture design should focus on style or function. Some people argue that function is the most important factor, while others argue that style is also important to create a comfortable and aesthetically pleasing space.

## Glossary
- Furniture design: The process of creating functional and aesthetically pleasing pieces of furniture.
- Materials: Wood, metal, and plastic are some of the materials used in furniture design.
- Functional: Furniture that serves its intended purpose.
- Aesthetically pleasing: Furniture that looks good and is visually appealing.
- Sustainable materials: Materials that are renewable and have a low environmental impact.
- Style: The look or design of furniture.
- Function: The purpose or use of furniture.


text:
A long-running project has been JIT-compiling SQL queries in PostgreSQL by making use of LLVM’s just-in-time compilation support, rather than passing SQL queries through Postgres’ interpreter. With the LLVM JIT’ed queries, more efficient code is generated by being able to make more use of run-time information and can especially help in increasing the performance of complex SQL queries.

JIT-compiling expressions for PostgreSQL has been found to be up to ~20%+ faster in database tests like TPC-H. Creating indexes was found to be even 5~19% faster with this JIT mode

Hopefully this feature will progress quick enough to land in Postgres 11. 🙏

Get the latest news and podcasts for developers in your inbox, every week. We make it super easy to keep up with developer news that matters.

textbook:
**Lesson:**

**Introduction to Just-In-Time Compilation (JIT) in PostgreSQL**

**Objective:** In this lesson, we will learn about Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation in PostgreSQL, its benefits, and how it works. We will also explore real-world scenarios where JIT can be applied to improve query performance.

**Section 1: Introduction to JIT Compilation in PostgreSQL**

Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation is a technique used by compilers to translate and execute code during runtime. It is an alternative to traditional ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation, which compiles code before it is executed. JIT compilation is particularly useful for dynamic languages, such as JavaScript, where code changes frequently.

PostgreSQL is a powerful open-source relational database management system that supports JIT compilation for SQL queries. This feature is particularly useful for complex queries that require a lot of processing power and memory.

**Section 2: Benefits of JIT Compilation in PostgreSQL**

The main benefit of JIT compilation in PostgreSQL is improved query performance. Since JIT compilation generates machine code during runtime, it can take advantage of run-time information, such as the data types of variables and the structure of the program. This allows the compiler to generate more efficient code that can be executed faster.

Another benefit of JIT compilation is that it reduces the memory footprint of the database. Since the compiled code is stored in memory, it takes up less space than the interpreted code. This can be particularly useful for large databases with many tables and complex queries.

**Section 3: How JIT Compilation Works in PostgreSQL**

JIT compilation in PostgreSQL works by using LLVM's JIT compiler to generate machine code for SQL queries during runtime. The LLVM JIT compiler is a sophisticated tool that can optimize code based on run-time information.

When a query is sent to the database, the PostgreSQL planner first tries to optimize the query using traditional methods, such as creating indexes or rewriting the query. If the query cannot be optimized, the planner sends it to the LLVM JIT compiler, which generates machine code for the query.

The machine code generated by the JIT compiler is then executed by the database's query executor. Since the code is already compiled, it runs faster than interpreted code.

**Section 4: Real-World Scenarios for JIT Compilation in PostgreSQL**

JIT compilation is particularly useful for complex queries that require a lot of processing power and memory. For example, a database that stores customer data for an e-commerce website may have millions of rows and complex queries that require a lot of processing.

In this scenario, JIT compilation can improve query performance by generating machine code that is optimized for the specific data in the database. This can result in faster query execution and better user experience for the website.

Another scenario where JIT compilation can be useful is in data warehousing. Data warehouses store large amounts of data from multiple sources and are used for analytical purposes. Queries in data warehouses are often complex and require a lot of processing power.

In this scenario, JIT compilation can improve query performance by generating machine code that is optimized for the specific data in the warehouse. This can result in faster query execution and better insights for data analysts.

**Section 5: Conclusion**

In conclusion, JIT compilation is a powerful feature in PostgreSQL that can improve query performance for complex queries. By generating machine code during runtime, JIT compilation can take advantage of run-time information to generate more efficient code that can be executed faster. This can result in faster query execution and better user experience for websites that rely on PostgreSQL databases.

**Glossary:**
- JIT: Just-In-Time
- AOT: Ahead-Of-Time
- LLVM: Low-Level Virtual Machine
- Query: A request for information from a database
- Optimize: To make something as effective as possible
- Executor: A program that carries out a plan or order
- Machine code: A set of instructions that can be executed directly by a computer's central processing unit (CPU)
- Index: A data structure that allows faster searching and retrieval of data from a database
- Warehouse: A place for storing and managing large amounts of data from multiple sources.

**End of Lesson**


text:
Captive
audience and a territory not flushed with competitors are the dreams of
advertisers. So when Jordan and Bryan Silverman came up with the idea
of printing ads on toilet papers, they "rolled" with it:

"It takes advertisers a couple of seconds to wrap their heads
around advertising on toilet paper," said Jordan, who acknowledges
his business elicits plenty of snickers and long pauses.

The tag line on the company's website advises people, "Don't rush.
Look before you flush."

The company plans to distribute free, ad-supported toilet paper to
public restrooms at restaurants, offices, stadiums and other venues.
These locations can save money on a basic necessity in exchange for
providing Star Toilet's advertisers with a captive audience.

textbook:
Lesson: The Power of Advertising

Introduction:
Advertising is an essential part of any business. It helps companies to promote their products or services to potential customers. In this lesson, we will learn about the power of advertising and how it can help businesses grow.

Section 1: Understanding Advertising

Topic 1: What is Advertising?
Advertising is the process of promoting a product or service through various channels such as print, digital, or broadcast media. Its primary goal is to attract potential customers and persuade them to buy the product or use the service being advertised.

Topic 2: Why is Advertising Important?
Advertising is essential because it helps businesses to reach out to their target audience effectively. It creates brand awareness, increases sales, and helps companies to stand out from their competitors. Advertising also helps businesses to establish a strong brand identity that resonates with their target audience.

Topic 3: Types of Advertising
There are several types of advertising, including print advertising, television advertising, radio advertising, online advertising, and billboard advertising. Each type has its advantages and disadvantages, and businesses must choose the one that best suits their needs.

Section 2: Creating Effective Advertising Campaigns

Topic 1: Knowing Your Audience
Before creating an advertising campaign, businesses must know their target audience. They need to understand their demographics, interests, and preferences so that they can create campaigns that resonate with them.

Topic 2: Crafting a Compelling Message
A compelling message is crucial for an effective advertising campaign. Businesses must ensure that their message is clear, concise, and memorable. They should use powerful language that appeals to the emotions of their target audience.

Topic 3: Choosing the Right Medium
Choosing the right medium for an advertising campaign is also essential. Businesses must consider factors such as their budget, target audience, and campaign goals before selecting the most appropriate medium.

Section 3: Measuring Advertising Success

Topic 1: Metrics to Track
Businesses must track various metrics to measure the success of their advertising campaigns. Some of these metrics include reach, engagement, click-through rates, conversion rates, and return on investment (ROI).

Topic 2: Analyzing Results
Once businesses have collected data on their advertising campaigns, they must analyze it to determine their success. They should compare their results against their goals and make adjustments to their campaigns accordingly.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, advertising is a powerful tool that businesses can use to grow their brands and increase sales. By understanding their target audience, crafting compelling messages, and choosing the right medium, businesses can create effective advertising campaigns. Finally, by tracking metrics and analyzing results, businesses can measure the success of their campaigns and make necessary adjustments.


text:
Ahead of the eagerly-awaited release of Doctor Who - The War Doctor 1: Only The Monstrous this Monday 14th December, Big Finish is pleased to reveal details of the War Doctor's next epic battle...

Available in February 2016, Doctor Who - The War Doctor 2: Infernal Devices continues the legendary conflict of the Time War. John Hurt reprises his role as The War Doctor – the secret regeneration of the Doctor, who has abandoned his peaceful code to wage war against the Daleks (Nicholas Briggs).

The War Doctor will again be joined by Cardinal Ollistra (Jacqueline Pearce), who sends the Time Lord to investigate an initiative that could change the course of the War – but at what cost?

Also featuring in the box set are David Warner, Jamie Newall, Zoë Tapper, Robert Hands, Oliver Dimsdale, Laura Harding, Barnaby Kay, Jaye Griffiths, Tim Bentinck and Tracy Wiles.

The three stories included in Doctor Who - The War Doctor 2: Infernal Devices are:

Legion of the Lost by John Dorney

In a time of war, every means of victory must be explored. In the Time War, the unthinkable must be thought, and neither side can afford to be squeamish about their methods.

When the destruction of an obscene weapon leads to the Time Lord once known as the Doctor uncovering a secret Gallifreyan initiative, he cannot believe what is being considered.

Should victory be sought at any cost? Or are there worse possibilities than losing to the Daleks..?

A Thing of Guile by Phil Mulryne

The Daleks are developing a secret weapon on Asteroid Theta 12. It is imperative that their plans are uncovered.

Cardinal Ollistra has her hands full studying the range of ancient and mysterious armaments the universe has to offer, but she makes it a personal mission to investigate the Dalek project.

On this dangerous assignment, there is one particular Time Lord she wants at her side - and he will be accompanying her whether he wants to or not.

The Neverwhen by Matt Fitton

On an isolated world ravaged by battle, time itself has become a weapon, laying waste to all who live and die there. Arms and technology are in a state of flux – and it seems that everlasting war is their only option.

The arrival of one battered Type Forty TARDIS inside this nightmare offers hope to the combatants trapped within.

But when he discovers the truth, the horrors of the Neverwhen will shock even the War Doctor…

Doctor Who - The War Doctor 2: Infernal Devices can be pre-ordered today for just £20 on CD or Download.

You can also order this release as part of the Time War Saga bundle. The bundle contains all four box sets from the War Doctor series, along with the five-disc prequel Doctor Who - The Eighth Doctor: The Time War starring Paul McGann. And remember, when you when you buy any of these titles on CD directly from Big Finish, you will also unlock access to a digital copy for download on day of release.The War Doctor's Battles will continue in Doctor Who - The War Doctor 3: Agents of Chaos in September 2016.

The first box-set in the series, Doctor Who: The War Doctor 1: Only The Monstrous will be released this Monday the 14th December 2015. Pre-order now, and you will qualify for free UK delivery. Check out the trailer below!

textbook:
Lesson Title: Doctor Who - The War Doctor 2: Infernal Devices

Introduction:

Doctor Who is a popular science fiction television series that follows the adventures of a time-traveling alien known as the Doctor. In the series, the Doctor battles against various enemies, including the Daleks, a race of mutants who are bent on universal conquest. One of the most significant conflicts in the series is the Time War, which pits the Doctor against the Daleks in a battle for survival.

In this lesson, we will explore the second installment of the War Doctor's epic battle against the Daleks, titled "Infernal Devices." We will learn about the characters involved, the plot, and the themes of the story. We will also analyze the moral dilemmas faced by the characters and discuss how they relate to real-life situations.

Section 1: Characters and Plot Overview

Main Characters:
- The War Doctor (John Hurt)
- Cardinal Ollistra (Jacqueline Pearce)
- Daleks (Nicholas Briggs)

Plot Overview:
Doctor Who - The War Doctor 2: Infernal Devices continues the legendary conflict of the Time War. In this installment, the War Doctor, who is a secret regeneration of the Doctor, has abandoned his peaceful code to wage war against the Daleks. He is joined by Cardinal Ollistra, who sends him to investigate an initiative that could change the course of the War. However, at what cost?

Section 2: Themes and Moral Dilemmas

Themes:
- The nature of war
- Sacrifices for the greater good
- The consequences of using unconventional weapons

Moral Dilemmas:
- Should the War Doctor use the Infernal Devices, even though they are dangerous and unpredictable?
- Is it right for the Time Lords to use any means necessary to win the war, even if it means sacrificing their own principles?
- How far should one go in the name of self-preservation and national security?

Section 3: Analysis and Discussion

Analysis:
- The Infernal Devices represent a powerful and unpredictable weapon that could turn the tide of the Time War in favor of the Time Lords. However, their use comes with grave consequences, both for the Time Lords and the Daleks.
- The moral dilemmas faced by the characters in "Infernal Devices" are complex and nuanced. They require careful consideration of the potential benefits and drawbacks of each option.

Discussion:
- How would you approach the decision to use the Infernal Devices? What factors would you consider?
- Can you think of any real-life examples where unconventional weapons or tactics have been used in warfare? What were the consequences?
- Do you think that the ends always justify the means? Why or why not?

Glossary:
- Time War: A conflict between the Time Lords and the Daleks that takes place across all of time and space.
- Time Lord: A humanoid species from the planet Gallifrey, who possess advanced technology and the ability to travel through time.
- Daleks: A mutant race from the planet Skaro, who are bent on universal conquest.
- Infernal Devices: A powerful and unpredictable weapon that could turn the tide of the Time War.

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we have explored the themes and moral dilemmas of "Infernal Devices," a story that delves into the complexities of war and the sacrifices required to win it. By analyzing the characters' decisions and discussing their implications, we have developed a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by those who wage war and the consequences of their actions. Through this lesson, we have learned that sometimes the greatest victories come at the highest cost.


text: A 100 Percent Touchless Solution for Supplier Onboarding. The APEX Portal delivers a 100 percent touchless alternative to time-consuming and error-prone manual onboarding processes. Your suppliers onboard themselves in their own language through a simple, elegant web page branded with your company’s logo.. You can easily custom-tailor fields and forms to gather the precise information your business needs. Entries are validated, approved and automatically transferred to your ERP. Nothing is rekeyed. The result is faster onboarding, richer and more accurate information and improved controls.. Each approved profile can then be used to support all your supplier-facing strategic initiatives – from electronic procurement and e-invoicing to dynamic discounting. You even get continuous, automated monitoring of billions of public and private records for updates that will impact your vendor master.

textbook:
**Lesson: Introduction to Supply Chain Management**

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of supply chain management and its importance in business.

**Section 1: Introduction to Supply Chain Management**

Supply chain management (SCM) is the process of managing the flow of goods and services from suppliers to customers. It involves coordinating and optimizing all aspects of the supply chain, including procurement, production, distribution, and sales. SCM is an essential part of any business as it helps to ensure that products and services are delivered to customers on time, at the right price, and in the right quality.

**Section 2: Importance of Supply Chain Management**

Effective SCM is crucial for businesses to remain competitive in today's global market. It helps to reduce costs, improve customer satisfaction, and increase profitability. By optimizing the supply chain, businesses can reduce lead times, minimize inventory levels, and improve product quality. This results in a more efficient and effective operation that can better meet customer demands.

**Section 3: Automation in Supply Chain Management**

Automation is becoming increasingly important in SCM. It involves the use of technology and software to manage and optimize the supply chain. Automation can help to reduce errors, improve efficiency, and reduce costs. For example, businesses can use automated systems to manage procurement, production, and distribution processes. This can help to reduce the need for manual labor and improve accuracy.

**Section 4: Case Study**

Let's consider a case study of a company that uses automation in its supply chain management. ABC Corporation is a manufacturer of electronics products. They use an APEX Portal to onboard their suppliers. The portal delivers a 100% touchless alternative to time-consuming and error-prone manual onboarding processes. Suppliers onboard themselves in their own language through a simple, elegant web page branded with ABC Corporation's logo.

**Section 5: Conclusion**

In conclusion, supply chain management is an essential part of any business. Effective SCM can help to reduce costs, improve customer satisfaction, and increase profitability. Automation is becoming increasingly important in SCM, as it can help to reduce errors, improve efficiency, and reduce costs. By understanding the importance of SCM and the role of automation, businesses can optimize their operations and better meet customer demands.

**Glossary:**
- Supply Chain Management (SCM): The process of managing the flow of goods and services from suppliers to customers.
- Automation: The use of technology and software to manage and optimize the supply chain.
- Touchless: A system or process that requires minimal human intervention.
- Vendor Master: A database that contains information about suppliers, such as contact details, payment terms, and product descriptions.

**Self-Debate Discussion:**

Is automation always the best solution for supply chain management? What are the potential risks and benefits of automation in SCM?


text: Figure 3. From: Two unrelated putative membrane-bound progestin receptors, progesterone membrane receptor component 1 (PGMRC1) and membrane progestin receptor (mPR) beta, are expressed in the rainbow trout oocyte and exhibit similar ovarian expression patterns. Tissue distribution of PGMRC1 (A) and mPRβ (B) mRNAs in rainbow trout. Tissues were collected from 3 different females during reproductive period. Ovaries were sampled at late vitellogenic stage. Testes were sampled at stage II of spermatogenesis [31]. The mRNA abundance (mean ± SEM, N = 3 tissue samples originating from different individuals) of each gene was determined by real-time PCR and normalized to the abundance of 18S. For each gene, mRNA abundance was arbitrarily set to 1 for the "ovary" group.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Real-Time PCR

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Real-time PCR is a technique used to measure the amount of DNA present in a sample. It works by amplifying specific DNA sequences and detecting the presence of the amplified product in real-time. This method is highly sensitive and specific, making it ideal for studying gene expression in various organisms, including fish.

### Section 2: Practical Examples
To understand how real-time PCR works, let's consider an example. Suppose we want to measure the expression of a gene called "ABC" in rainbow trout oocytes. We can design a pair of primers that specifically bind to the DNA sequence of the ABC gene. These primers will bind to the target DNA sequence and initiate the PCR reaction. As the reaction proceeds, the DNA template is amplified, generating thousands or millions of copies of the target DNA sequence. During this process, a fluorescent dye is added to the reaction mixture, which binds to the amplified DNA. As the fluorescence intensity increases, it is detected in real-time by a specialized instrument. The data obtained from the experiment can be analyzed to determine the relative expression levels of the ABC gene in the oocytes compared to other tissues.

### Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions
One advantage of real-time PCR is its ability to detect small changes in gene expression levels. However, this sensitivity also makes it prone to errors. For instance, if the primer pair is not designed carefully, it may bind to non-target DNA sequences, leading to false-positive results. To avoid such errors, researchers must carefully optimize their PCR conditions and use appropriate controls to validate their data.

### Glossary
- Real-time PCR: A technique used to measure the amount of DNA present in a sample by amplifying specific DNA sequences and detecting the presence of the amplified product in real-time.
- Primer: Short DNA sequences that serve as templates for DNA synthesis.
- Fluorescent dye: A substance that emits light when excited by a specific wavelength.
- qPCR: Quantitative PCR, a type of real-time PCR that measures the amount of DNA present in a sample.

### Conclusion
Real-time PCR is a powerful tool for studying gene expression in various organisms. By understanding the theoretical concepts and applying them to practical examples, we can gain valuable insights into the expression patterns of genes in different tissues and developmental stages. Through self-debating discussions, we can learn to identify potential errors and optimize our experiments for accurate and reliable results.


text: Environment 123 Environment Certification. 123 Environment certification from SGS – comply with the environmental requirements of French SMEs.. As an SME, complying with French environmental obligations is crucial. Our 123 Environment certification service can help you implement an effective environmental management system, and meet the requirements of ISO 14001/EMAS.. Why choose 123 Environment services from SGS?. We can help you:. - Implement an effective environmental management system. - Achieve 123 Environment certification. - Meet ISO 14001/EMAS requirements. Trusted 123 Environment certification from a world leading provider. As a leading supplier of certification, we offer you unrivaled experience, expertise and in-depth knowledge of 123 Environment certification and ISO 14001/EMAS requirements.. To find out more about our 123 Environment certification, contact us today.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Environmental Management Systems

## Section 1: What is an Environmental Management System (EMS)?
An Environmental Management System (EMS) is a framework that helps organizations manage their environmental responsibilities in a systematic and sustainable manner. It involves identifying, monitoring, and controlling the environmental impacts of an organization's activities, products, and services.

## Section 2: Why is EMS important for SMEs?
As an SME, complying with French environmental obligations is crucial. Implementing an EMS can help you:

1. Reduce your environmental footprint
2. Save money by reducing waste and resource usage
3. Improve your reputation and attract environmentally conscious customers
4. Comply with legal requirements and avoid penalties
5. Demonstrate your commitment to sustainability

## Section 3: How to implement an EMS
1. Conduct an environmental assessment to identify your organization's environmental impacts and priorities.
2. Establish environmental objectives and targets based on the assessment results.
3. Develop an EMS manual that outlines policies, procedures, and responsibilities for achieving your environmental objectives.
4. Train employees on the EMS and ensure they understand their roles and responsibilities.
5. Monitor and measure your environmental performance regularly to track progress towards your objectives.
6. Review and update your EMS regularly to ensure it remains relevant and effective.

## Section 4: Key terms
- Environmental Management System (EMS): A framework for managing an organization's environmental responsibilities.
- ISO 14001: An international standard for environmental management systems.
- EMAS: European Union's voluntary registration scheme for environmental management systems.
- Legal obligations: Laws and regulations that organizations must follow to protect the environment.
- Environmental impact: The changes an organization's activities, products, or services cause to the environment.
- Environmental footprint: The amount of resources an organization uses and the waste it generates.

## Conclusion
Implementing an EMS can help SMEs manage their environmental responsibilities effectively and improve their sustainability. By following the steps outlined above and understanding key terms, organizations can develop an effective EMS that meets their specific needs and requirements.


text: U.S. Supreme Court Allows Calif. Same-Sex Marriage To Resume, Rules DOMA Unconstitutional. Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images. LOS ANGELES (CBSLA.com/AP) — The U.S. Supreme Court Wednesday cleared the way for same-sex marriage to resume in California.. The Supreme Court did not take issue on California’s Proposition 8, allowing the state’s former ruling on same-sex marriage to stand allowing gay couples to marry.. Prop. 8 was being challenged by two California same-sex couples after it was approved by seven million voters in 2008.. The decision only affects marriage in California, which were expected to resume within a month. Prop. 8.. Watch AMP Radio interview pride-goers this year at LA Pride here.. In a 5 to 4 vote, the Supreme Court said legally married same-sex couples should get the same tax, health and retirement benefits as married heterosexual couples in relation to the Defense of Marriage Act.. Read more on CBS Los Angeles. AMP Radio celebrated the rulings this morning with an audio tribute. Take a listen:

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Voting and Understanding the Judicial System

Introduction:
The U.S. Supreme Court's ruling on same-sex marriage in California is an example of how the judicial system works to uphold the Constitution and protect the rights of citizens. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of voting and understanding the judicial system, and how these two concepts are interconnected.

Section 1: The Importance of Voting

Topic 1: What is voting?
Voting is the process by which people choose their representatives in government. It is a fundamental right in a democratic society, and it is essential for citizens to exercise this right to have a say in the direction of their country.

Topic 2: Why is voting important?
Voting is important because it allows citizens to choose leaders who share their values and priorities. When people vote, they can influence policies and laws that affect their lives and communities. Additionally, voting helps to ensure that the government is accountable to the people and represents their interests.

Topic 3: How does voting relate to the judicial system?
Voting is one way that citizens can participate in the democratic process and hold elected officials accountable. However, the judicial system plays a crucial role in ensuring that the laws and policies enacted by elected officials are consistent with the Constitution. The judicial system is designed to protect the rights of citizens and ensure that everyone is treated fairly under the law.

Section 2: Understanding the Judicial System

Topic 1: What is the judicial system?
The judicial system is the branch of government responsible for interpreting and applying the law. This includes courts at both the federal and state levels, as well as judges who are appointed or elected to serve on these courts.

Topic 2: What is the role of the Supreme Court?
The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States and has the final authority to interpret the Constitution and federal laws. The justices on the Supreme Court are appointed for life, which means that they are not subject to political pressure or term limits. This independence allows them to make decisions based on the Constitution and the law, rather than political considerations.

Topic 3: How does the judicial system protect our rights?
The judicial system plays a crucial role in protecting our rights by interpreting and applying the law in a fair and impartial manner. When laws or policies are challenged in court, judges must determine whether they are consistent with the Constitution and other legal principles. This helps to ensure that everyone is treated fairly under the law and that our rights are protected.

Conclusion:
Understanding the importance of voting and the judicial system is essential for citizens who want to participate in the democratic process and protect their rights. By exercising our right to vote, we can influence the direction of our country and hold elected officials accountable. At the same time, we must also rely on the judicial system to ensure that our laws and policies are consistent with the Constitution and our values. By educating ourselves about these processes, we can become more engaged citizens and help to shape the future of our country.

Glossary:
- Democracy: A system of government in which power is held by the people, either directly or through elected representatives.
- Constitution: The fundamental law of a country, setting out the framework for the government and the rights and freedoms of citizens.
- Judiciary: The branch of government responsible for interpreting and applying the law, including courts and judges.


text: May 26, 2010. Change College Academic YearPosted in Your Ideas ·. Share h. Change college academic year to increase capacity. (eg) most universities have a total of two 81 day teaching periods in most courses. We could double the tuItion capacity in one academic year by reducing holidays of students & staff. This would also take pressure off seasonal jobs market and give those already unemployed a better chance. Take unemployed Civil Engineers and in 2 years retrain them as Energy/ Electrical engineers. Target those areas industry needs most and get them out into the work force faster by reducing the number of years in certain courses without compromising tuition time and without any additional cost to the tax payer. Keep academic staff employed but more productively. The taxpayer will gain a much better return on the capital invested in our colleges by not allowing them to be idle for most of the year. The infrastructure is there lets use it.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Increase University Capacity and Reduce Unemployment

## Introduction
In this lesson, we will explore the idea of changing the college academic year to increase capacity and reduce unemployment. We will discuss the benefits of reducing holidays for students and staff, doubling the tuition capacity in one academic year, and retraining unemployed civil engineers as energy/electrical engineers.

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

### Topic 1: Changing the College Academic Year

**Question:** Why would changing the college academic year increase capacity and reduce unemployment?

**Answer:** Changing the college academic year to have more teaching periods can increase the number of students that can be taught in a year. This means that more students can graduate and enter the workforce, reducing unemployment. Additionally, reducing holidays for students and staff can keep the university running for more days in a year, allowing for more classes to be offered and more students to be enrolled.

### Topic 2: Doubling Tuition Capacity

**Question:** How can doubling the tuition capacity in one academic year benefit universities and students?

**Answer:** Doubling the tuition capacity in one academic year can increase the number of students that can be taught, leading to more graduates entering the workforce. This can benefit universities by increasing their reputation and attracting more students. Additionally, students can benefit from smaller class sizes and more personalized attention from professors.

### Topic 3: Retraining Unemployed Civil Engineers

**Question:** How can retraining unemployed civil engineers as energy/electrical engineers benefit both the individuals and the industry?

**Answer:** Retraining unemployed civil engineers as energy/electrical engineers can provide them with new job opportunities in industries that need more engineers. This can help reduce unemployment and provide a skilled workforce for companies. Additionally, this can benefit the industry by providing more qualified engineers to work in areas where there is a shortage of skilled workers.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

### Topic 4: Real-World Scenarios

**Question:** How can changing the college academic year and doubling tuition capacity be implemented in real-world scenarios?

**Answer:** Changing the college academic year and doubling tuition capacity can be implemented by adjusting the university calendar to have more teaching periods throughout the year. This can be done by reducing holidays for students and staff, allowing for more classes to be offered and more students to be enrolled. Additionally, universities can offer online or evening classes to accommodate more students.

Retraining unemployed civil engineers as energy/electrical engineers can be implemented by partnering with local community colleges or trade schools to offer retraining programs. These programs can be tailored to the specific needs of the industry and can be offered at a lower cost to the taxpayer.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

### Topic 5: Critical Thinking

**Question:** What are some potential drawbacks of changing the college academic year and doubling tuition capacity?

**Answer:** Some potential drawbacks of changing the college academic year and doubling tuition capacity include increased stress on students and staff, who may have difficulty balancing work and family life with more teaching periods. Additionally, universities may have difficulty finding enough faculty members to teach all of the additional classes. There may also be concerns about the quality of education if classes are offered at a faster pace or if there are not enough resources to accommodate the increased enrollment.

## Glossary
- College Academic Year: The period of time during which a college or university operates, typically consisting of fall and spring semesters.
- Tuition: The fee charged for educational courses or classes.
- Capacity: The maximum amount that something can contain or hold.
- Unemployment: The state of being without a job.
- Civil Engineers: Engineers who design and supervise the construction of buildings, bridges, roads, and other structures.
- Electrical Engineers: Engineers who design, develop, test, and supervise the manufacture of electrical equipment.

## Conclusion
In conclusion, changing the college academic year, doubling tuition capacity, and retraining unemployed civil engineers as energy/electrical engineers can have significant benefits for universities, students, and the industry. By increasing the number of students that can be taught and graduate, universities can improve their reputation and reduce unemployment. Retraining unemployed civil engineers can provide a skilled workforce for companies in need. By implementing these changes, we can increase the capacity of universities and reduce unemployment, ultimately benefiting society as a whole.


text: Signifying the start of the International Summer Season, the Rolls-Royce Summer Studio is a social hub for discerning travellers and influencers alike. Set within the walls of the Promenade Du Port, guests will be invited to experience Dawn, the newest model from the marque and the most social Drophead Coupé ever created.. Offering patrons of true luxury a contemporary hub of society and culture, Torsten Müller-Ötvös, Chief Executive Officer, Rolls-Royce Motor Cars, advises that the leading luxury brand encourages, “the worlds of fashion, art and design to collide to create an ambient atmosphere which embodies the spirit of Rolls-Royce.”. The Rolls-Royce Summer Studio will be open between June and September 2016.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Luxury Branding

Introduction:
Luxury brands are known for their exclusivity, sophistication, and high-quality products. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of luxury branding and how it affects the perception of a product or service. We will also discuss how luxury brands can differentiate themselves from competitors and create a unique identity.

Section 1: What is Luxury Branding?
Luxury branding refers to the process of creating a unique identity for a product or service that appeals to a select group of consumers who value quality, exclusivity, and prestige. Luxury brands often use premium materials, elegant designs, and high-end marketing strategies to communicate their exclusivity and sophistication.

Section 2: The Importance of Luxury Branding
Luxury branding is essential for several reasons:

1. Differentiation: Luxury brands differentiate themselves from competitors by offering unique experiences, products, or services that appeal to a specific target audience. They create a distinct identity that sets them apart from other brands in the market.

2. Perception: Luxury branding helps create a positive perception of a product or service. By associating with luxury brands, consumers perceive the product or service as high-quality, exclusive, and prestigious.

3. Value: Luxury brands often command a higher price than non-luxury brands because they offer a unique value proposition. Consumers are willing to pay more for a product or service that offers exclusivity, prestige, and quality.

4. Loyalty: Luxury brands often have a loyal following of customers who are willing to pay a premium for the brand's products or services. This loyalty is built on the brand's reputation for quality, exclusivity, and prestige.

Section 3: How to Create a Luxury Brand Identity
To create a luxury brand identity, companies must follow these steps:

1. Define your target audience: Understand your target audience's needs, preferences, and values. This will help you create a brand identity that resonates with them.

2. Develop a unique selling proposition: Create a unique selling proposition that sets your brand apart from competitors. This could be a premium material, elegant design, or a high-end marketing strategy.

3. Communicate exclusivity: Communicate exclusivity by limiting availability, using premium materials, and creating a sense of scarcity. This creates a perception of exclusivity and prestige.

4. Deliver on the promise: Deliver on the brand's promise by providing exceptional customer service, high-quality products, and unique experiences. This builds trust and loyalty among customers.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, luxury branding is essential for creating a unique identity that appeals to a select group of consumers who value quality, exclusivity, and prestige. By differentiating themselves from competitors, creating a positive perception, offering unique value propositions, and building loyalty among customers, luxury brands can create a strong brand identity that sets them apart from others in the market.


text: LOUISVILLE, Ky. – Freshman Courtney McKenna was named National Fastpitch Coaches Association (NFCA) First Team All-Region for the 2017 season.. McKenna was one of two freshmen named to the New England Region first team and only one of ten freshmen overall named to one of the eight regions' first team. She is also the 13th player in school history to be named First Team All-Region and the first since Jessie Richardson was a First-Team selection as an at-large in 2014. also earned second team NEWMAC honors and was named Athlete of the Week twice this season and will be the Bears top offensive threat next year to a team that returns all but on player that batted .320 with 181 runs batted in... As in the past, the squad of 360 players is comprised of three 15-player teams in each of the country's eight NCAA regions.. FOR THE FULL TEAM CLICK HERE

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Softball

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
In softball, there are several rules and strategies that players must learn to succeed. One of the most important concepts is the positioning of players on the field. There are typically nine players on each team, including four outfielders, three infielders, and a catcher. Each position has a specific role and responsibility in order to help the team make plays and score runs.

### Section 2: Practical Examples
To illustrate the importance of positioning, let's consider a scenario where a batter hits a pop fly towards the outfield. If the outfielders are not positioned correctly, the ball may fall between them and result in a hit. However, if they are positioned correctly, they can work together to catch the ball and make an out.

### Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
In competitive softball games, coaches will often develop specific strategies based on the strengths and weaknesses of their opponents. For example, if a team has a powerful hitter, the infielders may shift to the left or right of the base to make it more difficult for her to hit a home run.

### Glossary
- Outfield: The area of the field that is not covered by the infield.
- Infield: The area of the field that includes first, second, and third base.
- Catcher: The player who stands behind home plate and receives the pitches from the pitcher.
- Positioning: The act of placing players in specific locations on the field to optimize their ability to make plays.
- Hit: When a batter successfully makes contact with the ball and sends it into fair territory.
- Home run: When a batter hits the ball over the fence and into the outfield, resulting in an automatic run.

### Conclusion
Understanding the importance of positioning in softball can help players make smarter decisions on the field and improve their overall performance. By studying the game and practicing their skills, players can become better equipped to handle a variety of situations and contribute to their team's success.


text: Gentle Reader,. I know the point of a poetry blog, instead of poetry, is so that you can read what the poems are about, and not have to guess what I am really trying to say, because a poetry blog should have an explanation above each poem, so that you know what you are going to be reading about before you read it. I'm sorry. I promise to start doing that, after this one.... I'm. writing this poem. standing on an iceburg. It's rather hard balancing on. one toe standing on an iceburg using. this gentle penguin for my desk and this pen. so carefully scratching these words on a frozen codfish. that I will mail by throwing it back into the ocean hoping that. you will find it and ask me for my autograph.. Please leave your comments here.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Write a Poem

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to write a poem. Poetry is a form of creative writing that uses language and imagery to convey emotions, ideas, and experiences. Writing a poem can be a fun and rewarding experience, but it can also be challenging to express oneself through words. In this lesson, we will cover the basics of poem structure, rhythm, and meter, as well as provide some tips and tricks for finding inspiration and crafting a powerful poem.

Section 1: Poem Structure

The first step in writing a poem is to choose a structure. There are many different types of poems, including sonnets, haikus, free verse, and more. Each type of poem has its own unique structure, but all poems typically follow a pattern of lines and stanzas. Here are some common structures:

- Sonnet: A 14-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme (usually ABABCDCDEFEFGG).
- Haiku: A three-line poem with a syllable count of 5-7-5.
- Free Verse: A poem with no set structure or rhyme scheme.

Once you have chosen your structure, you can begin to fill in the lines with words and ideas. Remember to keep your poem focused on a single theme or idea, and to use language that is clear and concise.

Section 2: Rhythm and Meter

Rhythm and meter are two important elements of poetry that help create a sense of musicality and flow. Rhythm refers to the beat or pattern of the words in a line, while meter refers to the number of syllables in each line. Here are some common meters:

- Iambic pentameter: A line with ten syllables, alternating between unstressed and stressed syllables.
- Trochaic tetrameter: A line with eight syllables, with the stress on the second syllable.
- Spondee: A stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable.

To create a sense of rhythm and meter in your poem, try experimenting with different patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables. You can also use punctuation, line breaks, and white space to enhance the rhythm and flow of your poem.

Section 3: Finding Inspiration

One of the hardest parts of writing a poem is finding inspiration. Here are some tips for finding ideas and themes to explore in your poem:

- Read poetry: Reading other poets' work can help spark your imagination and give you new ways of looking at the world.
- Keep a journal: Jot down thoughts, ideas, and observations that inspire you. This can be a great source of material for your poem.
- Use sensory details: Describe what you see, hear, smell, taste, and touch to bring your reader into your experience.
- Experiment with language: Play with words, metaphors, and similes to create unexpected and powerful images.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned the basics of poem structure, rhythm, and meter, as well as some tips for finding inspiration and crafting a powerful poem. By following these guidelines, you can create a poem that is clear, concise, and impactful. Remember to keep your poem focused on a single theme or idea, and to use language that is clear and concise. With practice and patience, you can become a skilled and creative poet.


text:
Manager of the year in baseball, like many leagues, is often given to a manager able to lead his team to the playoffs. However, what if in 2011 the AL Manager of the Year was given to a manager who’s team has a 62-95 record entering Sept. 29.

Bring in Buck Showalter. Although Showalter has little chance of winning the AL Manager of the Year Award for the third time, the question I ask, that the 1989 Orioles coined, “Why Not?”

Weeks before the Orioles hired Showalter, it had been long speculated that Buck was the next in line to lead the Orioles out of the cellar in the AL East and back to playoffs for the first time since ’97.

Before Showalter had even managed a game for the Orioles there was hope for the first time in charm city in recent years.

Showalter had been credited with building the Yankee dynasty in the early 90’s and built both the Diamondback’s and Rangers. Showalter won AL Manager of the Year in 1994 with the Yankees. Ten years later Showalter won his second AL Manager of the Year trophy with the Texas Rangers.

In between, Showalter led the Arizona Diamondbacks to a 100-62 record in 1999. Showalter spent three years with the Diamondbacks from 1998-2000.

Although some might argue that records are not that important, winning is something Baltimore has not been accustomed to over the past decade. The Baltimore Orioles have not had a winning record in 13 years, and with a fading fan-base a proven winner was needed in the club house.

Showalter brought a 882-833 record along with him to Baltimore.

Showalter’s initial presence was felt immediately throughout the club house and even into the city itself. Baltimore reeled off four straight victories under Buck, and won nine of their first 11 games.

Showalter’s no non-sense style of ball has been a blessing for the Orioles. For the first time there has been accountability and leadership inside the Orioles locker room.

Showalter led the Orioles through August with a 17-11 winning record for the first time since 1997.

Baltimore compiled a 4-3-1 series record in August, and swept the the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim twice.

September so far has been equally as successful for the Orioles. Baltimore holds a 13-12 record with two games left in September.

All of Baltimore’s games in September have come against opponents with winning records and only one opponent wasn’t from the AL East (Detroit).

The Orioles went on to win four of their first five series, which included wins over Tampa, New York, Detroit, and a sweep of Toronto.

Baltimore enters tonight’s game against the Tampa Bay Rays with a 62-95 record, and yesterday watched Tampa celebrate after clinching a spot into the playoffs. Baltimore managed to postpone the celebration after taking the first game in the series but could not overcome an eight inning, eight strikeout performance from David Price.

A win tonight against Tampa would lock up Baltimore’s sixth series win of the month, which in recent years is more games then they usually won in August and September.

Whether or not the Orioles can carry over the late success into 2011 is still uncertain. Baltimore is desperately in need of a middle of the order threat from both sides of the plate, and could still use one if not two top of the rotation starters to anchor a very young pitching staff.

Since his first game with the O’s, Showalter has compiled a 30-22 record, overall his record stands at 912-855.

Although Baltimore might not be going to the postseason any time soon, and it’s unknown when Baltimore will have a winning team; Buck Showalter has revamped a once hopeless club.

Showalter has done as good of a job if not better than anyone could have hoped for given the situation.

With all that said, why not give it to the guy who might not have the flashiest team but has a team that under him are willing to buckle down and finally win some games for once.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Leadership in Sports

## Introduction

In this lesson, we will explore the importance of leadership in sports, specifically in the context of baseball. We will examine the role of managers in guiding their teams towards success and how their leadership style can impact the performance of their players.

## Section 1: The Role of Managers in Baseball

Baseball managers are responsible for leading their teams on and off the field. They must make strategic decisions, manage the team's roster, and communicate with players, coaches, and officials. Managers play a crucial role in motivating their players and setting the tone for the team's culture.

## Section 2: The Impact of Leadership Style

The leadership style of a manager can have a significant impact on the performance of their team. A good leader can inspire their players to perform at their best, while a poor leader can demoralize and disrupt the team's chemistry.

## Section 3: The Case of Buck Showalter

Buck Showalter is an example of a successful baseball manager who has led his teams to the playoffs multiple times. In 2011, despite having a record of 62-95, Showalter was named AL Manager of the Year. This demonstrates that a manager's leadership can have a significant impact on the team's performance, even when they may not have the most talented roster.

## Section 4: Critical Thinking

As we analyze the impact of leadership in sports, we must consider various factors that contribute to a team's success. While a good manager can make a significant difference, other factors such as player talent, team chemistry, and luck also play a role. It is essential to approach these discussions with an open mind and consider multiple perspectives.

## Conclusion

In conclusion, leadership plays a crucial role in sports, particularly in baseball. Managers must guide their teams on and off the field, making strategic decisions and motivating their players. The leadership style of a manager can significantly impact the team's performance, as demonstrated by Buck Showalter's success despite having a losing record. As we continue to analyze the impact of leadership in sports, we must approach these discussions with an open mind and consider multiple perspectives.


text: Registration is not complete until all documents have been received by the agency coordinator.. Class sizes will be limited to 10 students.. Face coverings will be mandatory for all participants and temperatures will be taken upon arrival.. Top Drivers. Who can Attend?. Program is open to participants who are 15 to 19 years old and those who possess a learner’s permit must have at least 6 months driving experience. The participant will be required to have use of an automobile they usually operate during the driving exercises. Prior to any vehicle being allowed to be driven for the program the Instructor and student will conduct an inspection of the vehicle to ensure that it meets safety standards. The Indian River County Sheriff’s Office will not provide vehicles for this program.. About the Program/Emergengy Braking. - Backing. - Cornering. - Foward and reverse serpentine. - Off road recovery. - Evasive maneuvers. - Skid control

textbook:
Lesson: How to Drive Safely

## Introduction
Driving is a skill that requires knowledge and practice to do safely. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of safe driving and the steps we can take to prevent accidents.

## Section 1: Importance of Safe Driving

### Subsection 1.1: Why is safe driving important?
Safe driving is important because it prevents accidents and saves lives. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), there were 36,096 fatal motor vehicle crashes in the United States in 2019. By driving safely, we can reduce the number of accidents and fatalities on the roads.

### Subsection 1.2: What are the consequences of unsafe driving?
Unsafe driving can have severe consequences, including injuries, property damage, and even death. It can also result in legal penalties such as fines, license suspension, or even jail time. Additionally, unsafe driving can cause emotional distress and trauma to the driver, passengers, and others involved in the accident.

### Subsection 1.3: What are the benefits of safe driving?
The benefits of safe driving are numerous. Safe drivers are less likely to be involved in accidents, which means they save money on insurance premiums, car repairs, and other expenses related to accidents. Safe driving also helps to protect the environment by reducing emissions from accidents and reducing the need for emergency services. Most importantly, safe driving helps to save lives and prevent injuries.

## Section 2: Steps to Safe Driving

### Subsection 2.1: Step 1: Wear your seatbelt
Wearing a seatbelt is one of the most effective ways to protect yourself in a car accident. Seatbelts reduce the risk of fatal injury by 45% and the risk of moderate to serious injury by 50%. Always wear your seatbelt, even for short trips or when driving at low speeds.

### Subsection 2.2: Step 2: Avoid distractions
Distracted driving is a leading cause of accidents. Avoid distractions while driving by turning off your phone, putting away any objects that may distract you, and avoiding loud music or conversations.

### Subsection 2.3: Step 3: Follow traffic rules
Following traffic rules is essential to safe driving. Obey speed limits, stop signs, and traffic lights. Use your turn signal before changing lanes or making a turn. Always stay alert and aware of your surroundings.

### Subsection 2.4: Step 4: Keep your vehicle in good condition
Regular maintenance of your vehicle is crucial to safe driving. Check your tire pressure, brakes, and oil regularly. Make sure your headlights and taillights are functioning properly.

## Section 3: Practical Examples

### Subsection 3.1: Example 1: Skid Control
If you lose control of your car and start to skid, follow these steps:
1. Stay calm and slowly release the accelerator pedal.
2. Steer in the direction you want the front wheels to go.
3. If necessary, gently apply the brakes to regain traction.

### Subsection 3.2: Example 2: Off-road recovery
If you get stuck while driving off-road, follow these steps:
1. Assess the situation and determine the best course of action.
2. Engage low range if you have a four-wheel drive vehicle.
3. Use a winch or a tow strap to get out of the situation.

## Glossary
- Seatbelt: A safety device worn by the driver and passengers in a vehicle to prevent injury in the event of a collision.
- Distracted driving: Driving while engaging in activities that take your attention away from the road, such as texting or talking on the phone.
- Traffic rules: A set of guidelines and laws that govern the behavior of drivers and pedestrians on the roads.
- Vehicle maintenance: The process of keeping a vehicle in good working order through regular checks and repairs.

## Conclusion
In conclusion, safe driving is essential to prevent accidents and save lives. By following the steps outlined in this lesson and practicing them regularly, you can become a safer driver. Remember to always wear your seatbelt, avoid distractions, follow traffic rules, and keep your vehicle in good condition.


text: The Gourmet Pizza Challenge for Action Against Hunger. Some of London’s best chefs are gathering together to raise money for Action Against Hunger with The Gourmet Pizza Challenge. Held at Kensington’s Pizzicotto, the restaurant’s pizza pros will go up against Michelin-starred chefs including Jun Tanaka, Adam Handling and Robin Gill to create their own pizza, to be sold in the restaurant throughout November. The chef whose pizza sells the most will be crowned the winner of the Gourmet Pizza Challenge, with the prize of their pizza remaining on the Pizzicato menu. Tickets to the launch event include a cocktail, starter, pizzas and a dessert.. To see full details of this event click here to register for full access

textbook:
Lesson: The Gourmet Pizza Challenge for Action Against Hunger

**Introduction**

In this lesson, we will learn about The Gourmet Pizza Challenge for Action Against Hunger. We will explore the purpose of the challenge, how it works, and why it is important. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the significance of this event and how it helps in raising funds for a good cause.

**Main Topics**

1. Purpose of the Gourmet Pizza Challenge
2. How the Challenge Works
3. Why it is Important

**Purpose of the Gourmet Pizza Challenge**

The Gourmet Pizza Challenge is an event organized by Action Against Hunger, a global humanitarian organization that fights against hunger and its causes. The purpose of this challenge is to raise funds for the organization's programs that help provide food and nutrition to people in need around the world.

**How the Challenge Works**

The Gourmet Pizza Challenge brings together some of London's best chefs who compete against each other to create the best pizza. The chefs are given the freedom to create their own pizza, which will be sold in the restaurant throughout the month of November. The chef whose pizza sells the most will be crowned the winner of the challenge.

**Why it is Important**

The Gourmet Pizza Challenge is important because it raises funds for a good cause - fighting against hunger and its causes. It also brings together some of London's best chefs to showcase their creativity and skills in creating delicious pizzas. Moreover, it raises awareness about the issue of hunger and encourages people to take action.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, The Gourmet Pizza Challenge for Action Against Hunger is an exciting event that brings together some of London's best chefs to create delicious pizzas while raising funds for a good cause. By participating in this challenge, these chefs are not only showcasing their skills but also contributing to a worthy cause - fighting against hunger and its causes. This challenge is an excellent example of how creativity and passion can come together to make a positive impact on society.

**Glossary**

- Action Against Hunger: A global humanitarian organization that fights against hunger and its causes.
- Chef: A professional cook who is proficient in preparing different dishes and managing large kitchens.
- Pizza: A dish made of flatbread topped with tomato sauce, cheese, and various toppings.
- Fundraising: The process of collecting funds from various sources for a specific cause or project.

**Self-Debate Discussion**

- How can we use our passion and skills to make a positive impact on society?
- Can creativity and innovation be used to solve social problems?
- How can we raise awareness about important issues like hunger and encourage people to take action?


text:
Listening to patients: improving the outpatient service.
This paper assesses the patients' healthcare information needs and expectations when they attend a rheumatology outpatient clinic. It proposes that obtaining the patients' perspectives about the services they use is an essential service-development tool. The aim of this paper is to expand the current domains used to evaluate these perspectives. This paper is an exploratory study, looking at quality assessment and improvement based on Donabedian's quality model in a rheumatology outpatient setting. A structured interview schedule addressing care pathways was used and 70 consecutive patients were recruited. The article provides insights about how relevant change can be brought about when service development is contemplated. It suggests that patients are important stakeholders in the ongoing service development process. Because rheumatological conditions tend to be chronic and require long-term follow-up, the results may lack generalisability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test propositions in different clinical settings. The article highlights healthcare delivery areas that are not meeting patient expectations. Some recommendations (such as informing waiting patients regularly about any delays) require minimal additional resources for successful implementation. Service providers need to obtain the patients' healthcare perspectives to ensure that services are built around their needs. This article fulfils an identified need to study how patients perceive service quality.

textbook:
Lesson: Listening to Patients: Improving the Outpatient Service
Introduction:
In the medical field, listening to patients is an essential aspect of providing quality healthcare services. This lesson will focus on improving the outpatient service by understanding the needs and expectations of patients.
Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is the importance of obtaining patients' perspectives about the services they use as an essential service-development tool.
Section 1: Understanding Patients' Needs and Expectations
Topic: Assessing Patients' Healthcare Information Needs and Expectations
Objective: To understand the information needs and expectations of patients when they attend a rheumatology outpatient clinic.
Activity:
1. What do you think are the common healthcare information needs of patients attending a rheumatology outpatient clinic?
2. How do you think patients' expectations differ from their actual needs?
3. Can you provide an example of how a patient might have unrealistic expectations about their treatment?
Section 2: Expanding the Current Domains Used to Evaluate Patients' Perspectives
Topic: Quality Assessment and Improvement Based on Donabedian's Quality Model
Objective: To expand the current domains used to evaluate patients' perspectives in a rheumatology outpatient setting.
Activity:
1. What are the current domains used to evaluate patients' perspectives in a rheumatology outpatient setting?
2. How can Donabedian's quality model be used to expand these domains?
3. What are some examples of new domains that could be added to evaluate patients' perspectives?
Section 3: Applying Change in Service Development
Topic: Bringing About Relevant Change in Service Development
Objective: To demonstrate how obtaining patients' perspectives can lead to relevant change in service development.
Activity:
1. What are some ways in which obtaining patients' perspectives can lead to relevant change in service development?
2. How can patients be involved in the service development process?
3. What are some examples of changes that have been made in rheumatology outpatient settings based on patients' perspectives?
Conclusion:
In conclusion, obtaining patients' perspectives about the services they use is an essential service-development tool. By expanding the current domains used to evaluate patients' perspectives and involving patients in the service development process, relevant change can be brought about. This lesson has demonstrated the importance of listening to patients and how it can improve the outpatient service.
Glossary:
Donabedian's Quality Model: A framework for evaluating healthcare quality that includes structure, process, and outcome measures.
Quality Assessment: The process of evaluating the quality of healthcare services to ensure that they meet established standards.
Outpatient Service: A medical service provided to patients who do not require hospitalization.


text: Question:. If one desires to accustom himself to say vsein tal umatar by saying it 90x (so that he shall not have to repeat his prayer in a case of doubt), may he say it on Shabbos, or is it considered preparation for a weekday?. Answer:. HE may say it on Shabbos and according to most poskim it is not considered hachana. There are a few reasons given. One is that there is no hachana if the only thing done is speech, unless the words were accompanied by an action, such as saying I am going to sleep so I can stay up tonight, but plain speech is not considered hachana. Another reason given is because it is not considered preparing for tomorrow, rather perfecting oneself to have the correct habit so SE won’t have to be repeated.. Sources:. Tzitz Eliezer 19-14 (2), Meohr Hashabbos2 pg 596 in the name of R’ S. Z. Auerbach zt”l

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Saying Vsein Tal Umatar 90x on Shabbos

### Introduction

In this lesson, we will explore the importance of saying Vsein Tal Umatar 90x on Shabbos. We will cover the following topics:

1. What is Vsein Tal Umatar?
2. Why is it important to say it 90x on Shabbos?
3. When should one say it?
4. What are the benefits of saying it?

### What is Vsein Tal Umatar?

Vsein Tal Umatar is a phrase that is recited 90 times during the prayer service on Shabbos. It is a request to God to help us avoid sinning and to keep us on the path of righteousness.

### Why is it important to say it 90x on Shabbos?

There are several reasons why it is important to say Vsein Tal Umatar 90x on Shabbos:

1. It helps us to avoid sinning and to stay on the path of righteousness.
2. It is a way of showing our commitment to God and our desire to follow His commandments.
3. It is a way of expressing our gratitude for the gift of Shabbos and for all the blessings that come with it.

### When should one say it?

Vsein Tal Umatar should be said during the prayer service on Shabbos. It is recommended to say it before the Amida prayer, as it is a way of preparing ourselves for the service.

### What are the benefits of saying it?

There are several benefits to saying Vsein Tal Umatar 90x on Shabbos:

1. It helps us to avoid sinning and to stay on the path of righteousness.
2. It is a way of showing our commitment to God and our desire to follow His commandments.
3. It is a way of expressing our gratitude for the gift of Shabbos and for all the blessings that come with it.
4. It helps us to focus on the spiritual aspects of Shabbos and to appreciate its importance in our lives.

### Conclusion

Saying Vsein Tal Umatar 90x on Shabbos is an important part of our prayer service. It helps us to avoid sinning and to stay on the path of righteousness, and it is a way of showing our commitment to God and our appreciation for the gift of Shabbos. By saying it, we can focus on the spiritual aspects of Shabbos and appreciate its importance in our lives.