text: Many of you noticed () that in puzzle '283: Mini-CASP 20 - Alignments' there were stretched bonds after threading.. Normally, when you thread and a gap needs to be resolved, Foldit fixes this by shrinking the loop.. The problem in this case was that the solved structures for these templates actually had these stretched bonds!!!. Attached is a screenshot of one of the templates: 1n8z ().. The gap in yellow at the top is in the solved structure. You would think that this is just missing density (that there are a few residues in between there that were disordered or couldn't be solved) but no: that gap is from Leucine 101 to Serine 102.. Sadly, there is nothing we can do about this sort of thing (other than give you what are hopefully better templates) and it might be the case during CASP 9 that the 'best' templates have these kinds of problems!

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding Protein Structure and Stability

Introduction:
Proteins are essential macromolecules that play crucial roles in living organisms. They are involved in various biological processes, including catalyzing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, and transporting molecules from one location to another. To function effectively, proteins must adopt specific three-dimensional structures, which are determined by their amino acid sequences. In this lesson, we will explore protein structure and stability, focusing on the role of templates in determining protein structure and the challenges associated with accurately predicting protein structures.

Section 1: Protein Structure and Stability

Topic 1: Protein Structure
Proteins are made up of amino acids, which are linked together by peptide bonds. The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its unique three-dimensional structure. There are four levels of protein structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. The primary structure refers to the linear sequence of amino acids, while the secondary structure refers to local folding patterns, such as alpha-helices and beta-sheets. The tertiary structure refers to the overall three-dimensional shape of the protein, and the quaternary structure refers to the arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains in a protein complex.

Topic 2: Protein Stability
Protein stability is crucial for maintaining their biological functions. A stable protein has a low propensity to undergo conformational changes or denaturation upon exposure to changes in environmental conditions, such as temperature or pH. Protein stability is influenced by factors such as the amino acid sequence, the presence of stabilizing interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions), and the folding pathway.

Section 2: Template-Based Protein Structure Prediction

Topic 1: Template Selection
In template-based protein structure prediction, researchers use known protein structures as templates to guide the prediction of the structure of an unknown protein. The choice of an appropriate template is critical for accurate predictions. Factors that influence template selection include sequence similarity, structural similarity, and the availability of experimental data.

Topic 2: Threading
Threading is a technique used in template-based protein structure prediction to align an unthreaded protein (the target) with a set of aligned protein structures (the templates). The goal is to identify the correct alignment that best explains the observed data. Various scoring functions are used to estimate the probability of the target protein aligning with a given template.

Topic 3: Gap-Filling and Model Evaluation
After threading, gaps may remain in the alignment, representing regions of the target protein that could not be accurately modeled using the templates. Gap-filling methods are used to estimate the secondary and tertiary structures of these missing regions. Once the structure of the target protein has been predicted, it is evaluated using statistical tools and experimental data to assess its accuracy and reliability.

Section 3: Challenges in Protein Structure Prediction

Topic 1: Limited Template Availability
One of the main challenges in protein structure prediction is the limited availability of high-quality templates. Many proteins have not yet been experimentally characterized, making it difficult to obtain accurate structural information.

Topic 2: Conformational Flexibility
Proteins can adopt multiple conformations, making it challenging to predict their most stable structures. Some proteins undergo conformational changes in response to environmental changes or binding events, further complicating structure prediction.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have explored protein structure and stability, focusing on the role of templates in determining protein structure and the challenges associated with accurately predicting protein structures. We have also discussed the importance of protein stability for maintaining biological functions and the factors that influence template selection, threading, and gap-filling in template-based protein structure prediction. By understanding these concepts, students can apply their knowledge to analyze and predict protein structures in various biological contexts.

Glossary:
- Protein: A large, complex molecule made up of amino acids and responsible for various biological functions.
- Primary structure: The linear sequence of amino acids in a protein.
- Secondary structure: Local folding patterns in proteins, such as alpha-helices and beta-sheets.
- Tertiary structure: The overall three-dimensional shape of a protein.
- Quaternary structure: The arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains in a protein complex.
- Template: A known protein structure used as a guide for predicting the structure of an unknown protein.
- Threading: The process of aligning an unthreaded protein (the target) with a set of aligned protein structures (the templates).
- Gap-filling: Methods used to estimate the secondary and tertiary structures of missing regions in the target protein.
- Conformational flexibility: The ability of a protein to adopt multiple conformations.


text:
Hollywood Ca. August 7, 2017-Netflix Inc. announced today it acquired Millarworld, the comic book publishing powerhouse founded by Mark Millar, the legendary creator of such iconic characters and stories as Kick-Ass, Kingsman, and Old Man Logan, and one of the most important voices in comics.

Together, Netflix and Millar will bring Millarworld’s portfolio of critically and fan-acclaimed character franchises to life through films, series and kids’ shows available exclusively to Netflix members globally. Millarworld will also continue to create and publish new stories and character franchises under the Netflix label.

The acquisition, the first ever by Netflix, is a natural progression in the company’s effort to work directly with prolific and skilled creators and to acquire intellectual property and ownership of stories featuring compelling characters and timeless, interwoven fictional worlds. Terms of the transaction weren’t disclosed.

“As creator and re-inventor of some of the most memorable stories and characters in recent history, ranging from Marvel’s The Avengers to Millarworld’s Kick-Ass, Kingsman, Wanted and Reborn franchises, Mark is as close as you can get to a modern day Stan Lee,” said Netflix chief content officer Ted Sarandos. “We can’t wait to harness the creative power of Millarworld to Netflix and start a new era in global storytelling.”

“This is only the third time in history a major comic book company has been purchased at this level,” said Millar. “I’m so in love with what Netflix is doing and excited by their plans. Netflix is the future and Millarworld couldn’t have a better home.”

Millar, who runs Millarworld with his wife Lucy Millar, is one of the most consistent hitmakers in the graphic novel and comics world. In his eight years at Marvel, he developed the comic books and story arcs that inspired the first Avengers movie, Captain America: Civil War, and Logan (Wolverine), which collectively grossed over $3 billion in worldwide box office. Since Millarworld was started, the company and its co-creators have given birth to eighteen published character worlds, of which three, Wanted, Kick-Ass and Kingsman, have yielded theatrical films that together have grossed nearly $1 billion in global box office.

“Mark has created a next-generation comics universe, full of indelible characters living in situations people around the world can identify easily with,” added Sarandos. “We look forward to creating new Netflix Originals from several existing franchises as well as new super-hero, anti-hero, fantasy, sci-fi and horror stories Mark and his team will continue to create and publish.”

About Netflix

Netflix is the world’s leading Internet entertainment platform with 104 million members in over 190 countries enjoying more than 125 million hours of TV shows and movies per day, including original series, documentaries and feature films. Members can watch as much as they want, anytime, anywhere, on nearly any internet-connected screen. Members can play, pause and resume watching, all without commercials or commitments.

About Mark Millar and Millarworld

Millarworld is an entertainment company run by Mark and Lucy Millar where the company and each of the superstar artists it partnered with owned all of the comic-book characters they created. These projects have achieved huge success as global franchises ranging across publishing, cinema, clothing, video-games and toys over the past fourteen years. In his years at Marvel, Mark wrote some of the biggest-selling books of this generation, massively influencing the Marvel Cinematic Universe. His book, The Ultimates, was named by Time Magazine as Comic Book Of The Decade and his Superman opus, Red Son, remains the best-selling Superman graphic novel of all time.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Acquisitions

Overview: In this lesson, we will learn about acquisitions and why they are important in business. We will explore what an acquisition is, the benefits of acquisitions, and the steps involved in making an acquisition. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the importance of acquisitions in the business world and how they can help companies grow and succeed.

Section 1: What is an Acquisition?

An acquisition is when one company buys another company or its assets. The buying company takes over the ownership and management of the acquired company. Acquisitions can happen for many reasons, including expanding market share, gaining access to new technology or products, or acquiring new customers.

Section 2: Benefits of Acquisitions

There are several benefits to making an acquisition. Some of these benefits include:

1. Expanding Market Share: Acquiring another company can help a business increase its market share and reach new customers.

2. Gaining Access to New Technology or Products: By acquiring another company, a business can gain access to new technology or products that can help it stay competitive in the market.

3. Reducing Competition: Acquiring a competitor can help reduce competition in the market, allowing the buying company to dominate and increase its market share.

4. Saving Money: Acquiring another company can save money by reducing costs associated with research and development, production, and marketing.

5. Diversifying Revenue Streams: Acquiring another company can help diversify a business's revenue streams, reducing its dependence on any one product or market.

Section 3: Steps Involved in Making an Acquisition

Making an acquisition involves several steps, including:

1. Identifying Potential Targets: The first step in making an acquisition is identifying potential targets. This involves researching and analyzing companies that may be a good fit for the buying company.

2. Conducting Due Diligence: Once potential targets have been identified, the buying company must conduct due diligence to ensure that the target company is worth acquiring. This involves examining the target company's financial statements, legal documents, and other relevant information.

3. Negotiating the Deal: If the due diligence process is successful, the buying company and the target company will begin negotiating the terms of the deal. This includes agreeing on a purchase price, determining the form of payment, and deciding on any conditions that must be met before the deal can close.

4. Finalizing the Deal: Once the terms of the deal have been agreed upon, the buying company and the target company will finalize the deal. This involves drafting and signing a purchase agreement and obtaining any necessary regulatory approvals.

5. Integrating the Acquired Company: After the deal has closed, the buying company must integrate the acquired company into its own operations. This involves combining the two companies' operations, cultures, and systems.

Section 4: Conclusion

Acquisitions are an important part of the business world, allowing companies to expand their market share, gain access to new technology or products, and reduce competition. By understanding the benefits of acquisitions and the steps involved in making an acquisition, businesses can make informed decisions about whether acquisitions are the right strategy for their growth and success.

Glossary:
- Acquisition: When one company buys another company or its assets.
- Market Share: The percentage of total sales within a market that a particular company holds.
- Technology: The collection of techniques, processes, and methods used to produce goods or services.
- Product: A thing made or produced so that it can be sold and used, especially a physical object that is made in factories.
- Competition: The act of competing or striving to win or gain something.
- Market: A place where buyers and sellers come together to exchange goods or services.
- Revenue: The income that a business receives from its normal business activities, such as sales or fees.
- Stream: A continuous flow or succession of things.
- Due Diligence: A thorough investigation of a potential investment to confirm its value and potential.
- Purchase Price: The amount of money that one party pays to another party for a product or service.
- Regulatory Approvals: The official permission required before certain actions can be taken, such as making an acquisition.
- Integration: The process of bringing two companies together to operate as one.

Lesson: Introduction to Acquisitions


text: Lexile & Quantile Measures in Idaho. The Lexile® Framework for Reading, commonly referred to as the Lexile® Framework, has been linked with the Idaho Standards Achievement Test (ISAT) in English Language Arts in grades 3 - 8 and high school. Similarly, The Quantile® Framework® for Mathematics has been linked with the ISAT Math in grades 3 - 8 and high school. Students in Idaho also may be receiving Lexile® and Quantile® measures from a variety of different tests and programs used by their local schools. With Lexile® and Quantile® measures, educators and parents can spur and support student learning.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Lexile & Quantile Measures

**Introduction:** In this lesson, we will learn about Lexile and Quantile measures, which are tools used to measure student reading and math abilities. We will explore what these measures mean, how they are calculated, and how they can be used to support student learning.

**Section 1: What are Lexile and Quantile Measures?**
- Lexile measures are a tool used to measure a student's reading ability. They are based on a student's ability to understand and comprehend written text at a certain level.
- Quantile measures are a tool used to measure a student's math ability. They are based on a student's ability to perform math operations at a certain level.

**Section 2: How are Lexile and Quantile Measures Calculated?**
- Lexile measures are calculated using a student's performance on a standardized test. The test questions are analyzed to determine the difficulty level of the text.
- Quantile measures are calculated using a student's performance on a standardized math test. The test questions are analyzed to determine the difficulty level of the math operations.

**Section 3: How can Lexile and Quantile Measures be Used to Support Student Learning?**
- Educators can use Lexile measures to match students with books that are at an appropriate reading level. This helps students to become more confident readers.
- Educators can use Quantile measures to assign math problems that are at an appropriate difficulty level for each student. This helps students to build math skills at their own pace.

**Conclusion:** Understanding Lexile and Quantile measures is important for educators and parents who want to support student learning. By using these measures, we can help students to find books and math problems that are at an appropriate level, which can lead to increased confidence and success in reading and math.


text: Take advantage of our products as an integrated suite or in the cloud. Citrix Workspace | Citrix Cloud. BY INDUSTRY. Healthcare. Finance. Government. Education. Manufacturing.. We believe there is a better way to power the digital enterprise. To fuel digital transformation and realize our vision, we will focus on four core strategies:. Citrix (NASDAQ:CTXS) aims to power a world where people, organizations and things are securely connected and accessible to make the extraordinary possible. We help customers reimagine the future of work by providing the most comprehensive and trusted secure digital workspace that unifies the apps, data and services people require with a superior experience that increases productivity, secures corporate infrastructure and information, and simplifies IT’s ability to adopt and manage complex cloud environments. With 2016 annual revenue of $3.42 billion, Citrix solutions are in use by more than 400,000 organizations including 99 percent of the Fortune 100 and 98 percent of the Fortune 500.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Citrix Workspace and Citrix Cloud

## Section 1: Overview of Citrix Workspace and Citrix Cloud

Citrix Workspace and Citrix Cloud are two products offered by Citrix Systems that provide a secure and seamless digital workspace for businesses. In this lesson, we will explore what these products are, their benefits, and how they can be used in different industries.

## Section 2: What is Citrix Workspace and Citrix Cloud?

Citrix Workspace is a software platform that enables users to access all their applications, files, and services from a single location. It provides a secure and seamless experience across multiple devices, including desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones. Citrix Cloud, on the other hand, is a cloud-based service that delivers the same capabilities as Citrix Workspace, but without the need for on-premise hardware.

## Section 3: Benefits of Citrix Workspace and Citrix Cloud

The benefits of using Citrix Workspace and Citrix Cloud include:

1. Increased productivity: Users can access all their applications and files from a single location, reducing the time spent switching between different applications and devices.

2. Improved security: Citrix Workspace and Citrix Cloud provide a secure digital workspace that protects against cyber threats and data breaches.

3. Simplified IT management: Citrix Workspace and Citrix Cloud simplify IT management by providing a centralized platform for managing applications, devices, and security.

4. Cost savings: By using Citrix Workspace and Citrix Cloud, businesses can reduce their hardware and software costs, as well as their IT management expenses.

5. Scalability: Citrix Workspace and Citrix Cloud are scalable, allowing businesses to grow and add new users without incurring significant costs.

## Section 4: Industry Applications

Citrix Workspace and Citrix Cloud can be used in various industries, including healthcare, finance, government, and education. Here are some examples of how these products can be used in each industry:

1. Healthcare: Citrix Workspace and Citrix Cloud can be used to provide secure access to patient records, medical images, and other healthcare data. This allows doctors and nurses to provide better care while reducing the risk of data breaches.

2. Finance: Citrix Workspace and Citrix Cloud can be used to provide secure access to financial data and applications, enabling financial professionals to work from anywhere and on any device.

3. Government: Citrix Workspace and Citrix Cloud can be used to provide secure access to sensitive government data and applications, ensuring that only authorized personnel can access this information.

4. Education: Citrix Workspace and Citrix Cloud can be used to provide secure access to educational resources and applications, enabling students and teachers to collaborate and learn from anywhere.

## Section 5: Conclusion

In conclusion, Citrix Workspace and Citrix Cloud are powerful tools that can help businesses improve productivity, enhance security, and simplify IT management. By providing a secure and seamless digital workspace, these products can help businesses achieve their goals and stay competitive in today's fast-paced business environment.


text: Twenty years ago, in 1994, the internet was very different from today. This was long before blogging, before the idea of social media (Mark Zuckerberg was only ten years old), and two years before Sergey Brin and Larry Page started the project that would end up becoming Google. It was the year that Lycos and Yahoo! (then known as “Jerry’s Guide to the World Wide Web”) were founded, that someone registered, and the White House, then occupied by Bill Clinton, moved online at. It was also the year that Levi Asher founded a website called Literary Kicks at It was one of only 2,738 websites occupying a rather uncluttered and unorganized internet, and it survives today as one of the longest running websites around.

textbook:
Lesson: The Evolution of the Internet

**Introduction:**

The internet has come a long way since its inception in the early 1960s. In this lesson, we will explore the history of the internet, from its early days to the present. We will learn about the key events and inventions that shaped the internet into what it is today.

**Section 1: The Early Days of the Internet**

- **Question:** When was the first message sent over the internet?
- **Answer:** The first message was sent over the internet on October 29, 1969, by computer science professor Steve Crocker.
- **Definition:** ARPANET was the predecessor to the internet. It was developed by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in the United States.

**Section 2: The 1990s - The Rise of the World Wide Web**

- **Question:** Who is credited with inventing the World Wide Web?
- **Answer:** Tim Berners-Lee, a computer scientist working at CERN, is credited with inventing the World Wide Web.
- **Definition:** The World Wide Web is a collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and accessed via the internet.

**Section 3: The 2000s - The Rise of Social Media**

- **Question:** What was the first social networking site?
- **Answer:** SixDegrees.com, launched in 1997, was the first social networking site.
- **Definition:** Social media refers to websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or participate in social networking.

**Conclusion:**

The internet has come a long way since its inception in the early 1960s. From its early days as a research project to its current state as an integral part of our lives, the internet has transformed the way we communicate, access information, and interact with the world around us. By understanding the history of the internet, we can appreciate its evolution and the key events and inventions that have shaped it into what it is today.

**Glossary:**

- ARPANET: The predecessor to the internet, developed by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in the United States.
- World Wide Web: A collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and accessed via the internet.
- Social media: Websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or participate in social networking.


text: Curious on learning hadoop- a hot resume skill. Try. Cloudera Certification for Hadoop. Cloudera Certification establishes you as a trusted and valuable resource for those working with Hadoop. Whether your company is just looking into the technology or your customers are asking for help, Cloudera Certification demonstrates your ability to solve problems using Hadoop.. - Consultants, developers and technical leaders can use Cloudera Certification to demonstrate their experience with Hadoop.. - Employers can use Cloudera Certification to identify candidates for new jobs or internal promotions, as well as ensure team members share a common knowledge base.. - Customers can reduce risk by relying on contractors and suppliers who retain current Cloudera Certification for their personnel.. If you’d like to obtain Cloudera Certification for Developers or Administrators. 28.635308 77.224960

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Hadoop
## Section 1: What is Hadoop?
Hadoop is an open-source software framework that allows for the distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of computers using simple programming models. It is designed to scale up from single servers to thousands of machines, each offering local storage and processing power.
## Section 2: Why learn Hadoop?
Learning Hadoop is becoming increasingly important as more companies are adopting Big Data technologies. Hadoop is used in a variety of industries, including healthcare, finance, and retail, to process and analyze large amounts of data. By learning Hadoop, you can become a valuable asset to any company that deals with Big Data.
## Section 3: Getting started with Hadoop
To get started with Hadoop, you will need to install the software on your computer. You can download the latest version of Hadoop from the Apache website. Once you have installed Hadoop, you can begin exploring the various components of the software, such as MapReduce and HDFS.
## Section 4: Understanding the components of Hadoop
Hadoop consists of two main components: HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System) and MapReduce. HDFS is responsible for storing and managing large amounts of data, while MapReduce is used for processing the data. Both components work together to provide a scalable and reliable platform for processing large data sets.
## Section 5: Practical examples of Hadoop
Hadoop can be used for a variety of applications, including data analysis, machine learning, and data visualization. For example, you could use Hadoop to analyze customer behavior on an e-commerce website or to detect fraudulent transactions in a financial system.
## Section 6: Conclusion
Learning Hadoop can provide you with valuable skills that are in high demand in the job market. By understanding the principles behind Hadoop and how it works, you can become a valuable asset to any company that deals with Big Data. With the knowledge you gain from this lesson, you can apply these skills to new problems and challenges.


text: Sohaib Shahnawaz. Freelancer. Send message. Number of completed jobs: 0. Clients:. Wang Wei. FIXED Web developer needed for my development team [ LONG TERM ]. Job Description. An experienced web developer needed to join our team.. As a manager of a software .... Leola Motley. I need an online library built in wordpress ecommerce. I need an online library built in wordpress ecommerce. It must have many features. The library mus .... Jeff Smith. matlab writer. The purpose of this assignment is to use Matlab/Simulink to analyze and simulate a mathematical model ...

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Freelancing

## Section 1: What is Freelancing?
Freelancing is a type of work where individuals offer their services to clients on a project-by-project basis, rather than working as an employee for a single company. This means that freelancers are self-employed and can choose which projects they want to work on, who they want to work with, and when they want to work. Freelancing can be done in a variety of fields, including writing, graphic design, programming, and more.

## Section 2: Why Freelance?
There are several reasons why someone might choose to freelance instead of working as an employee. One reason is flexibility - freelancers can choose when and where they work, which can be especially beneficial for those with families or other commitments. Another reason is the potential for higher earnings - freelancers often charge hourly rates or project fees, which can be higher than traditional employee salaries. Additionally, freelancing can provide opportunities for professional growth and networking, as freelancers can work with clients from a variety of industries and locations.

## Section 3: How to Get Started as a Freelancer
To start freelancing, you'll need to identify your skills and expertise and find ways to market yourself to potential clients. Here are some steps you can take:

1. Determine your niche: Think about what you're good at and what types of projects you enjoy working on. This will help you focus your efforts and stand out to potential clients.

2. Build a portfolio: Create a website or online portfolio showcasing your previous work and skills. This will help clients see your abilities and decide if they want to hire you.

3. Network: Attend industry events, join online forums or social media groups related to your field, and connect with other professionals. These connections can lead to new business opportunities.

4. Use job boards and marketplaces: Look for freelance job boards or marketplaces where you can search for and apply to projects that match your skills and interests.

5. Market yourself: Use social media, email campaigns, or other marketing strategies to reach potential clients and let them know about your services.

## Section 4: Conclusion
Freelancing can be a rewarding career choice for those who are self-motivated and enjoy working independently. By identifying your skills and expertise, building a portfolio, networking, and marketing yourself, you can find and secure freelance projects that align with your goals and interests. Whether you're a programmer, writer, designer, or in another field, freelancing can provide opportunities for professional growth, flexibility, and financial rewards.

Glossary:
- Freelance: work as a self-employed individual, typically in a field or profession chosen by the individual
- Portfolio: a collection of an individual's creative work, showcasing their skills and experiences
- Niche: a specialized area of interest or expertise within a larger market or field
- Network: interact with others in a particular field or industry, often to share knowledge, resources, and opportunities.


text: "…a keen eye for observation and detail.". My work revolves around the need to communicate a message or meaning, and subsequently I find myself drawn to creating illustrations for an editorial format. I tend to vary my style and use of media to compliment the specifications of a brief, however a keen eye for observation and detail forms the backbone to my illustrations.. I enjoy communicating through visual metaphors on a variety of subject matter, predominantly human and social issues. I also have a passion for typography, working with a mixture of print media and digital drawing..

textbook:
Lesson: Developing a Keen Eye for Observation and Detail
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of having a keen eye for observation and detail. We will explore how this skill can help us in various aspects of life, including art, communication, and problem-solving. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to identify key elements that contribute to a keen eye and apply these principles to your own work.
Section 1: Understanding the Importance of Observation and Detail
Topic 1: Why is observation and detail important?
- Observation and detail are essential skills that help us understand and interpret the world around us.
- By paying attention to small details, we can gain a deeper understanding of the bigger picture.
- A keen eye for observation and detail can help us communicate more effectively, solve problems more efficiently, and create more meaningful works of art.
Topic 2: How does observation and detail relate to other skills?
- Observation and detail are closely related to other essential skills, such as critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving.
- By developing a keen eye for observation and detail, we can improve our ability to think critically, generate new ideas, and solve complex problems.
- These skills are transferable across various fields, including science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects.
Questions and Answers:
1. Why is observation and detail important in art?
- Observation and detail are crucial in art because they help artists create accurate representations of the world around them. By paying close attention to small details, artists can capture the essence of their subject matter and create works of art that are both beautiful and meaningful.
2. How does observation and detail relate to communication?
- Observation and detail are essential components of effective communication. By paying attention to small details, we can better understand the perspectives of others and communicate our own thoughts and ideas more clearly.
3. How can we develop a keen eye for observation and detail?
- Developing a keen eye for observation and detail requires practice and patience. One way to improve these skills is by observing the world around us and taking note of small details that we might otherwise overlook. We can also challenge ourselves to notice patterns, connections, and other subtle elements that contribute to a more complete understanding of our surroundings.
Section 2: Developing a Keen Eye for Observation and Detail
Topic 1: Techniques for Developing Observation and Detail
- Practice active observation: Pay attention to the world around you and try to notice as many details as possible. This can include everything from the colors and shapes of objects to the emotions and behaviors of people.
- Use visualization techniques: Visualization involves creating mental images of objects or situations to help you better understand and remember them. This can be an effective way to develop a keen eye for observation and detail.
- Study art and design: By studying the work of great artists and designers, you can learn about the importance of observation and detail in creating meaningful works of art. You can also learn about various techniques and styles that can help you develop your own unique approach to observation and detail.
Topic 2: Applying Observation and Detail to Real-World Scenarios
- Observation and detail can be applied to a wide range of real-world scenarios, including scientific research, engineering projects, and everyday problem-solving.
- For example, a scientist studying the behavior of animals might use observation and detail to carefully record the movements and habits of their subjects. An engineer designing a new bridge might use observation and detail to analyze the forces and stresses that the structure will experience.
- By applying observation and detail to real-world scenarios, we can gain a deeper understanding of the world around us and make more informed decisions about how to interact with it.
Questions and Answers:
4. How can observation and detail be used in science?
- Observation and detail can be used in science to help scientists accurately record and analyze data. By paying close attention to small details, scientists can gain a more complete understanding of the natural world and make more informed conclusions about how it works.
5. How can observation and detail be used in problem-solving?
- Observation and detail can be used in problem-solving to help individuals identify the root causes of problems and develop more effective solutions. By carefully analyzing the details of a situation, individuals can gain a deeper understanding of the problem and develop more targeted approaches to solving it.
Section 3: Conclusion
In conclusion, developing a keen eye for observation and detail is an essential skill that can help us in various aspects of life. By practicing active observation, using visualization techniques, and applying these skills to real-world scenarios, we can gain a deeper understanding of the world around us and make more informed decisions about how to interact with it. By developing a keen eye for observation and detail, we can improve our ability to think critically, generate new ideas, and solve complex problems.
Glossary:
- Observation: The act of noticing and recording details about the world around us.
- Detail: A small part of something larger, often used to describe specific features or characteristics.
- Visualization: The process of creating mental images of objects or situations to help us better understand and remember them.
- Critical thinking: The process of actively and objectively analyzing information to draw conclusions and make informed decisions.
- Creativity: The ability to generate new ideas and solutions to problems.
- Problem-solving: The process of identifying and addressing problems or challenges.


text: We can help. The Z-Bar Mini LED Desk Lamp is flexible and highly functional making it the perfect desk lamp for small work spaces. Z-Bar Mini brightens any area while adding unique, modern design. The LED head spins in its socket, allowing optimal movement and spreads light in any direction desired. Available with 4500 Kelvin color temperature in Black or Silver. Integrated 6.5 watt LED light source with touch strip On/Off/Dim function. Available with a variety of base and mounting options: standard table base, grommet mount, through-table mount, one piece desk clamp, two piece desk clamp, hardwired wall mount, standard wall mount, slatwall mount, Qi wireless charging base, base with USB port, and power base with AC outlet and USB port. UL listed. Available in a 3500K and 4500K option.

textbook:
## Lesson: Introduction to Desk Lamps
### Section 1: What is a Desk Lamp?
A desk lamp is a light fixture designed to provide task lighting for reading, writing, or working at a desk. It typically has a adjustable head that can be positioned to direct light where it is needed. Desk lamps come in a variety of styles, sizes, and shapes, but all serve the same purpose - to provide bright, focused light for activities that require it.
### Section 2: Types of Desk Lamps
There are many different types of desk lamps available on the market today. Some popular types include:
- Table lamps: These are the most common type of desk lamp and are designed to sit on a flat surface like a desk or nightstand.
- Floor lamps: These are taller than table lamps and are designed to stand on the floor. They often have a long neck that can be adjusted to direct light where it is needed.
- Wall lamps: These are mounted on the wall and shine light downward onto a surface below.
- Reading lamps: These are small, compact lamps that are designed to sit on a bookshelf or bedside table and provide focused light for reading.
### Section 3: How to Choose a Desk Lamp
When choosing a desk lamp, there are several factors to consider:
- Light output: Look for a lamp that provides enough light to illuminate your workspace without being too bright or harsh.
- Color temperature: Most desk lamps use cool white or warm white LED bulbs. Cool white light has a blue tint and is better for tasks that require more focus, while warm white light has a yellow tint and is better for reading or relaxing.
- Adjustability: A good desk lamp should have an adjustable head that can be positioned to direct light where it is needed.
- Base options: Desk lamps come with a variety of base options, including standard table bases, grommet mounts, through-table mounts, one-piece desk clamps, two-piece desk clamps, hardwired wall mounts, standard wall mounts, slatwall mounts, and Qi wireless charging bases.
### Section 4: Conclusion
In conclusion, a desk lamp is an essential tool for anyone who spends a lot of time working or reading at a desk. By considering factors such as light output, color temperature, adjustability, and base options, you can choose the perfect desk lamp for your needs.


text:
Production and transformation of dissolved neutral sugars and amino acids by bacteria in seawater

1 National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark2 Section for Marine Ecology and Oceanography, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark3 University of South Carolina4 University of Copenhagen

DOI:

10.5194/bg-11-5349-2014

Abstract:

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the ocean consists of a heterogeneous mixture of molecules, most of which are of unknown origin. Neutral sugars and amino acids are among the few recognizable biomolecules in DOM, and the molecular composition of these biomolecules is shaped primarily by biological production and degradation processes. This study provides insight into the bioavailability of biomolecules as well as the chemical composition of DOM produced by bacteria. The molecular compositions of combined neutral sugars and amino acids were investigated in DOM produced by bacteria and in DOM remaining after 32 days of bacterial degradation. Results from bioassay incubations with natural seawater (sampled from water masses originating from the surface waters of the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean) and artificial seawater indicate that the molecular compositions following bacterial degradation are not strongly influenced by the initial substrate or bacterial community. The molecular composition of neutral sugars released by bacteria was characterized by a high glucose content (47 mol %) and heterogeneous contributions from other neutral sugars (3–14 mol %). DOM remaining after bacterial degradation was characterized by a high galactose content (33 mol %), followed by glucose (22 mol %) and the remaining neutral sugars (7–11 mol %). The ratio of D-amino acids to L-amino acids increased during the experiments as a response to bacterial degradation, and after 32 days, the D/L ratios of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine and alanine reached around 0.79, 0.32, 0.30 and 0.51 in all treatments, respectively. The striking similarity in neutral sugar and amino acid compositions between natural (representing marine semi-labile and refractory DOM) and artificial (representing bacterially produced DOM) seawater samples, suggests that microbes transform bioavailable neutral sugars and amino acids into a common, more persistent form

textbook:
Title: The Production and Transformation of Dissolved Neutral Sugars and Amino Acids by Bacteria in Seawater

Introduction:

The ocean is a vast ecosystem that contains a diverse range of living organisms, including bacteria. These microscopic organisms play a crucial role in the cycling of nutrients and energy in the ocean. One of the ways they do this is by producing and transforming dissolved neutral sugars and amino acids. These biomolecules are essential for the growth and maintenance of all living organisms, including bacteria themselves.

Objective:

The objective of this lesson is to introduce students to the production and transformation of dissolved neutral sugars and amino acids by bacteria in seawater. We will explore the processes involved in the production and transformation of these biomolecules, as well as their importance in the marine ecosystem.

Section 1: Introduction to Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM)

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture of organic compounds that are present in seawater. It is an essential component of the marine ecosystem, providing a source of nutrients and energy for living organisms. DOM is composed of a wide range of molecules, including sugars, amino acids, and other biomolecules.

Section 2: Production and Transformation of Dissolved Neutral Sugars and Amino Acids by Bacteria

Bacteria play a significant role in the production and transformation of dissolved neutral sugars and amino acids in seawater. They achieve this through a process called biomineralization, in which they convert inorganic nutrients into organic compounds. This process is essential for the growth and maintenance of bacterial populations in the ocean.

Section 3: Importance of Dissolved Neutral Sugars and Amino Acids in the Marine Ecosystem

Dissolved neutral sugars and amino acids are essential for the growth and maintenance of all living organisms in the ocean. They provide a source of energy and nutrients that are necessary for the survival of marine life. In addition, they play a crucial role in the cycling of nutrients and energy in the ocean, which is essential for maintaining the health and balance of the marine ecosystem.

Section 4: Conclusion

In conclusion, dissolved neutral sugars and amino acids are essential components of the marine ecosystem. They are produced and transformed by bacteria in seawater, providing a source of energy and nutrients for living organisms. Understanding the processes involved in the production and transformation of these biomolecules is essential for maintaining the health and balance of the marine ecosystem.

Glossary:

- Dissolved organic matter (DOM): A complex mixture of organic compounds that are present in seawater.
- Neutral sugars: Simple sugars that are not acidic or basic.
- Amino acids: The building blocks of proteins.
- Biomineralization: The process by which bacteria convert inorganic nutrients into organic compounds.
- Marine ecosystem: The community of living organisms and their interactions with the environment in the ocean.

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we have explored the production and transformation of dissolved neutral sugars and amino acids by bacteria in seawater. We have learned about the importance of these biomolecules in the marine ecosystem and the processes involved in their production and transformation. By understanding these processes, we can better appreciate the complexity and interdependence of the marine ecosystem and the role that bacteria play in maintaining its balance.


text: "speak" to MI. Hart-in a friendly way. So little Hill fro111 In u111inated 1\1an- uscripts, pas,,;ng John Hart at a table in the ,E xpress Dair . on the corner of Museum Street and Holborn, congrat- ulated hi111 jocosely on the acquisition of a read) -111ade falTIily. r-fhe other lifted a thoughtful chewing visage, put down his knife and fork, sWc:dlowed. "l hanks, Hill," he said simpl). :\11. Hin 111ade his way to a table c::1S Llr away as possible, discoul aging with ghlIn looks two ladies who showed s;gns of taking chairs opposite hi111. ()pening his Morning Púst, he read, not without satisfactIon, that the Ead of Galloway had been fined five shillings at Marl- borough Street for driving to the danger of pedestrians in Park Lane and resisting a police- 111an in the perfor111ance of his duties. Mr. Hill did not dislike ec::lrls-in fact, he was rather fond of the111 than otherwise (a learned nobleillan is the savant's delight)- hut his feelings c:lS a com- 1110ner were gra tified. Reading further, he W.:1S distressed to learn tha t "onl) the pick of Oxford undergraduates k n e who wrote 'Ivanhoe' or what tht' 'Pickwick P .1- pers' wel e, and any al- lusion to Mrs. Proudie, Becky Sharp, or Mr. Micawberwas likely to fall on deaf e.lrs." It perturbed hiln rathel less that there were threé hundred and fort) -two patients in the s111allpox wards of London hospi- tals; th e au thorities prob- ably had the situation well in hand, wherea nohod} could force un- dergr.1d llates to read ] ro]]opL. Looking up furtivel) froln his paper, he caught sight of 1\/1r. Hart, a folded coPY of the 1'itJl rs clenched in h=s armpit, the bill for his lunch in ont' hand, a cup of coffee slopping over into tJ1L saucer in the other, bearing down upon hÍIn over the con- gested floor. Oh, how M r. Hill wished he had not frightened a way those h.111111ess ladies! THE NLW YORKER How he dreaded "speaking" to 1\1 r. Hart! He need not have been afraid. H.:lrt, too, had been reading the paper, and I11s thoughts were of his country. As soon a" he was seated, with his cof- fee cup on the tablL hLsidL hÜn, he lib- era ted the j'zJrlrJ. ""\That do you sup- pose thIs s;gnifies?" he asked, tapping with one knuckle at a Reuters dis- patch: "FCRrI-lER GRAKfS 1'0 RUSSI.A IX MA.\'"C1--lPH.IA." "Nothing good," said :vir. Hill, who was as 111 uch addicted to viewing with c::11ar111 c::1S the next 111an, and for d qU.:lr- ter of an hour the anI) names 111èn- tioned were Mr Gladstone, Lord Rosebery, Manchuria, and i\r111enia. John Hart had been the on1) bache- lor in Illu111inated Manuscripts for a nU111ber of years, and now he, too, " . '" . > .... ". ø. :) -- "<((.^N/ . . . ;"'/ # ......... ... 4 \ m"'o/ 47 was going to he dOlTIesticated. Secret trilunph craved to show itself in public rejoicings, and one lTIorning John Hart was carried off to a roon1 'It the end of a passage to which 111en fron1 several depart111ents repaired on occa- sion for a SlTIoke and a chat. Grave BulletIns and Transactions hdd been swept off the table to lTIake r00111 for a s111a11 battalion of bottles and tU111- bIers, and John Hart's health was drunk a111idst the jocund popping of corks. "And 'Here's to the widow of- thirty! ' " cried a bold spirit. Al1 drànk deep and joined in the chorus. Thurs- field of Greek Antiquities proposed a still 1110re danng toast: "..L nd h ere's to the \Vidow's Mite! " "She has two 111ites, hasn't she, H "'I " Tl . f artr 1e questIon came r0111 . o'SF:lþ#J "See) I told you I ]"hezr greens and blues are murh sharper than ours"

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read a Newspaper

Introduction:
Newspapers are an essential source of information in our daily lives. They provide us with news and opinions about current events happening around the world. Reading a newspaper can be challenging, especially if you don't know where to start or how to interpret the information presented. In this lesson, we will teach you how to read a newspaper effectively and make sense of the information presented.

Section 1: Understanding the Structure of a Newspaper

A newspaper typically consists of several sections, each with its own focus. The front page usually contains the most important news stories of the day, while subsequent pages contain more detailed reports on specific topics. The paper may also include editorials, opinion pieces, sports coverage, entertainment news, and advertisements.

Section 2: Reading the Headlines

The headlines are the most important part of the newspaper because they summarize the story's content. They are usually written in large, bold letters so that readers can quickly identify them. To understand the story, read the headline carefully before moving on to the body of the article.

Section 3: Analyzing the Story

Once you have read the headline, move on to the body of the article. Here, you will find more detailed information about the story. Look for key words, phrases, and facts that help you understand the context of the story. Pay attention to the date, location, and people involved in the story.

Section 4: Evaluating the Credibility of the Source

Not all news sources are created equal. Some newspapers have a reputation for being more reliable than others. Before believing everything you read, evaluate the credibility of the source. Consider factors such as the newspaper's history, the reporter's experience, and the editorial board's political leanings.

Section 5: Analyzing Editorials and Opinion Pieces

Editorials and opinion pieces are different from news stories. They express the author's personal views on a topic and are not necessarily based on facts. When reading these types of articles, consider the author's perspective and evaluate their arguments.

Section 6: Using the Newspaper to Learn About Current Events

Newspapers provide valuable information about current events happening around the world. By reading them regularly, you can stay informed about important issues and developments. Additionally, you can use the newspaper to practice your critical thinking skills by analyzing different perspectives and evaluating the credibility of sources.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, reading a newspaper can be an excellent way to stay informed about current events and develop critical thinking skills. By understanding the structure of a newspaper, analyzing headlines, evaluating sources, and considering different perspectives, you can effectively read and interpret the information presented. With practice, you will become a skilled reader capable of making sense of the complex world of news and current events.

Glossary:
- Front page: The first page of a newspaper, typically containing the most important news stories of the day.
- Headline: A large, bold title that summarizes the story's content.
- Body: The main part of the story, providing more detailed information about the context and events.
- Credibility: The quality of being trustworthy or reliable.
- Editorial: An opinion piece written by the editorial board of a newspaper, expressing their personal views on a topic.
- Opinion piece: A writing that expresses the author's personal views on a topic, typically based on their experiences and beliefs.


text: On a rooftop overlooking Baltimore's Inner Harbor, a robotic arm holding a pair of tubes unfolds and rotates, humming as it sweeps the sky and aims directly at the sun.. Dr. Carol J. Blaisdell and Elissa R. Levine crouch on the roof of the Maryland Science Center like gunners adjusting a weapon in a science-fiction movie.. The two scientists are aiming to understand a mystery. As part of a NASA project, they are studying whether something in the air might be to blame for an almost doubling of asthma cases worldwide over two decades.

textbook:
Lesson: Solving Mysteries with Science

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about how scientists use technology to solve mysteries and answer questions about the world around us. We will focus on a real-life example of scientists studying the cause of asthma using a robotic arm and telescope.

Section 1: Using Technology to Solve Mysteries

The first step in solving any mystery is gathering information. In this case, scientists used a robotic arm with a telescope to collect data about the sun. This technology allowed them to study the sun up close and personal, which would have been impossible without the robotic arm.

Question: What other technologies have scientists used to solve mysteries?
Answer: Scientists have used many different technologies to solve mysteries, including X-ray machines, microscopes, and computers.

Section 2: Analyzing Data to Find Answers

Once scientists have gathered information, they need to analyze it to find answers. In this case, the scientists analyzed the data collected by the robotic arm to see if there was anything in the air that could be causing asthma.

Question: How do scientists analyze data?
Answer: Scientists use special software programs to analyze data. They look for patterns and trends that can help them answer their questions.

Section 3: Drawing Conclusions and Applying Skills to New Problems

After analyzing the data, scientists draw conclusions about what they have learned. In this case, the scientists concluded that something in the air was likely causing asthma. They then used this information to develop new ways to treat and prevent asthma.

Question: How can we apply the skills we learn in science to new problems?
Answer: By using the scientific method, we can apply the skills we learn in science to solve all kinds of problems. We start by asking a question, gathering information, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. Then we can use our findings to develop new solutions to problems.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have learned about how scientists use technology to solve mysteries and answer questions about the world around us. We have also learned about the scientific method and how it can be used to solve problems. By applying these skills to new problems, we can continue to learn more about the world and make new discoveries.

Glossary:
- Robotic Arm: A machine that can move and perform tasks like a human arm.
- Telescope: A tool that scientists use to observe objects in space.
- Asthma: A condition that causes difficulty breathing due to inflammation of the airways.
- X-ray Machine: A device that produces images of bones and other internal structures.
- Microscopes: Tools that scientists use to study very small things.
- Computer: A machine that can process information and perform calculations.


text: . Muskox (Ovibos moschatus) have inhabited the Canadian Arctic for thousands of years. A survivor of the last ice age, these magnificent animals are perfectly adapted to survive the winter conditions of Canada’s North.. The Inuit refer to them as the “Umingmak”, meaning bearded one. They have been an integral part of the Inuit lifestyle for centuries as one animal can provide a great amount of meat, a warm versatile hide and soft insulating fur.. The muskox have endured great fluctuation in their numbers over the last few hundred years, mainly due to predators, harsh winters and over harvesting by early explorers. However, today their population numbers are plentiful and thriving, allowing local residents to once again rely on these valuable creatures.

textbook:
**Lesson: Survival in the Arctic**

## Introduction
The Arctic is one of the most extreme environments on Earth. It is characterized by extreme cold, long periods of darkness during winter, and short summers. Despite these harsh conditions, many animals have adapted to survive in the Arctic. One such animal is the muskox. In this lesson, we will learn about the muskox and how they have adapted to survive in the Arctic.

## Section 1: Introduction to the Muskox
The muskox is a large, hoofed mammal that lives in the Arctic regions of North America and Greenland. They are well adapted to survive in the harsh Arctic environment. They have a thick coat of fur that provides insulation against the cold, and a layer of fat under their skin that helps them stay warm. Their hooves are wide and flat, which helps them walk on snow and ice.

## Section 2: Adaptations of the Muskox
The muskox has several adaptations that help it survive in the Arctic. These include:

1. Fur: The muskox has a thick, woolly coat of fur that provides insulation against the cold. The fur is also waterproof, which helps them stay dry even when walking through deep snow.

2. Fat: The muskox has a layer of fat under its skin that helps it stay warm in the cold Arctic environment. This fat also serves as an energy reserve, which the muskox uses when food is scarce.

3. Hooves: The muskox's hooves are wide and flat, which helps them walk on snow and ice. This adaptation allows them to travel across the Arctic tundra in search of food and water.

4. Social behavior: Muskoxen are social animals that live in groups called herds. Living in a group provides safety in numbers and helps them find food and water sources.

## Section 3: How the Muskox Survives in the Arctic
The muskox has several strategies for surviving in the Arctic. These include:

1. Eating plants: During the short summer months, the muskox feeds on the abundant plant life in the Arctic tundra. This includes grasses, leaves, and roots.

2. Storing fat: During the long winter months, when food is scarce, the muskox relies on the fat stored under its skin for energy.

3. Huddling: When temperatures drop below freezing, muskoxen huddle together to conserve heat and stay warm.

4. Migration: Some muskox populations migrate to warmer areas during the winter months to avoid the harshest conditions.

## Section 4: Conclusion
The muskox is an incredible animal that has adapted to survive in the harsh Arctic environment. By studying the muskox, we can learn about the importance of adaptation and how animals can thrive in extreme conditions. We can also appreciate the value of these animals to the Inuit people, who have relied on them for centuries for food, clothing, and other resources.


text: Larvikite Towers. Larvikite is a stone of inner transformation that helps one better adapt to change, as well as accept and understand any benefits that may come with it. Larvikite helps you access your inner strength and enables your personal willpower to go on “auto-pilot”. This will assist one through any difficult process causing constant distress. You will not need to worry about the cost of any negativity that these new surroundings may bring with you, as Larvikite fully protects your spiritual and physical body, including your auric field. Chakras: Root and Third Eye. $15.00Price

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Crystals and Their Properties

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Crystals are minerals that form in a regular, repeating pattern. They have unique properties that make them useful for various purposes, such as healing, protection, and transformation. In this lesson, we will learn about the properties of Larvikite, a type of crystal that is known for its ability to help people adapt to change and access their inner strength.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's consider an example where someone is going through a difficult time in their life. They feel overwhelmed by the changes happening around them and struggle to find the strength to keep going. In this situation, carrying a piece of Larvikite with them or meditating with it can help them access their inner power and adapt to the changes more easily. Larvikite can also protect them from negative energy and support them during this challenging time.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

Now let's think about a scenario where someone is starting a new job and feels nervous about fitting in with their new coworkers. They can use Larvikite to help them feel more confident and comfortable in their new surroundings. By carrying a piece of Larvikite with them or meditating with it before their first day, they can access their inner strength and better adapt to the new environment. Larvikite can also protect them from any negative energy or distress that may come with starting a new job.

## Glossary

- Crystal: A mineral that forms in a regular, repeating pattern
- Larvikite: A type of crystal known for its ability to help people adapt to change and access their inner strength
- Inner strength: The power within oneself to overcome obstacles and achieve goals
- Auto-pilot: A state where one's personal willpower goes on "autopilot", making it easier to overcome difficult situations
- Negativity: A negative energy or emotion that can affect one's spiritual or physical body
- Auric field: An invisible energy field surrounding the body that can be affected by negative energy
- Chakras: Energy centers in the body that can be affected by crystals

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the properties of Larvikite, a type of crystal that can help people adapt to change and access their inner strength. We also explored practical examples and real-world scenarios where Larvikite can be used to support individuals going through difficult times. By understanding the benefits of crystals like Larvikite, we can apply these skills to new problems and situations in our lives.


text: Yesterday a friend of mine sent me the link to Lil’ Kim’s new single, asked me what I thought, and challenged me to find one “real” thing in the accompanying photo. All I could come up with was Kim’s elbow, and I’m not even fully confident that that’s real.. We’re probably as used to Lil’ Kim’s ever-morphing face, hair, and body as we’re ever going to get and if Photoshop suddenly ceased to exist we probably wouldn’t recognize her in any of her album art. Still, it’s hard to ignore her Barbie-ization and focus on her music, especially when she’s had such a hard time in recent years proving her relevance without resorting to beef with younger and more contemporary female rappers i.e. Nicki Minaj. Kim’s new single “If You Love Me” definitely sounds like something from the current hip-hop era and wisely focuses on topics other than who wants war with her and the rest of Brooklyn. Take a listen:

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Digital Image Manipulation
## Section 1: Theory
In this lesson, we will learn about digital image manipulation and its importance in the world of photography and graphic design. We will cover the following topics:
- What is digital image manipulation?
- Why is digital image manipulation important?
- Types of digital image manipulation
## Section 2: Practice
1. What are some common techniques used in digital image manipulation?
   - Answer: Some common techniques used in digital image manipulation include cropping, resizing, color correction, retouching, and adding special effects.
2. How does digital image manipulation affect the credibility of a photograph?
   - Answer: Digital image manipulation can affect the credibility of a photograph by altering the truthfulness of the image. If an image is manipulated too much, it may lose its authenticity and become misleading.
3. Can you give an example of digital image manipulation in advertising?
   - Answer: Yes, an example of digital image manipulation in advertising is when a model's skin is airbrushed to appear flawless or when a product is placed in an unrealistic setting to make it look more appealing.
## Section 3: Glossary
- Digital image manipulation: The process of altering or enhancing a digital image using computer software or tools.
- Credibility: The quality of being trustworthy, reliable, or believable.
- Authenticity: The quality of being genuine or real.
## Conclusion
Digital image manipulation is an important tool in the world of photography and graphic design. It allows us to enhance and alter images to create a specific effect or message. However, it is important to use digital image manipulation responsibly and ethically to maintain the credibility and authenticity of an image. By understanding the basics of digital image manipulation, we can apply these skills to new problems and create stunning visuals that effectively communicate our ideas.


text: Last year DC hit the ball out of the park with their animated offerings. Such films as Batman: The Killing Joke and Justice League Dark, really took DC Animation to a new level. Last night at SDCC during the premiere of the highly anticipated ‘Batman and Harley Quinn‘ animated film, the new offerings that they will be releasing in the near future.. First will be ‘Gotham by Gaslight‘ which we reported on earlier this year. A film based on an adaptation of the popular 1989 tale that introduced the Victorian Era Dark Knight who was in pursuit of Jack the Ripper. Second, Suicide Squad: Hell to Pay which will be released spring 2018. Last but certainly not least will be ‘Death of Superman‘ the first part of the two-parter. Adapting the legendary story of Superman’s fatal battle with Doomsday. With the second part of the movie titled, ‘Reign of the Superman‘ slated to release in early 2019. Are you stoked to see all of these offerings? Sound off with your opinions AFTER THE JUMP!

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to DC Animated Movies

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
DC Animated Movies are a series of films that adapt popular comic book stories into animated form. These movies are produced by Warner Bros. Animation and DC Entertainment and are aimed at a general audience. They usually have a runtime of around 75 minutes and are released on DVD, Blu-ray, and digital platforms.

## Section 2: Questions and Answers
**Q:** What is the difference between DC Animated Movies and live-action movies?
**A:** DC Animated Movies are adapted from comic books, while live-action movies are adapted from the original screenplay.

**Q:** Who produces DC Animated Movies?
**A:** Warner Bros. Animation and DC Entertainment produce DC Animated Movies.

**Q:** How long are DC Animated Movies usually?
**A:** DC Animated Movies usually have a runtime of around 75 minutes.

## Section 3: Definitions of Purpose
DC Animated Movies serve as a way to adapt popular comic book stories into a visual medium that can be enjoyed by people of all ages. They provide an opportunity for fans to experience their favorite stories in a new way, while also introducing new audiences to the world of comic books.

## Section 4: Practical Examples Using Mathematical Abstractions and Real-World Scenarios
One example of a DC Animated Movie is "Batman: The Killing Joke," which is based on the popular comic book story of the same name. In the movie, Batman must confront his greatest enemy, the Joker, who has escaped from Arkham Asylum and is on a mission to prove that he is sane. The movie uses mathematical abstractions to create realistic fight scenes between Batman and the Joker, while also exploring the psychological impact of their relationship on both characters.

Another example is "Suicide Squad: Hell to Pay," which is based on the popular comic book team of anti-heroes. The movie follows a group of criminals who are given a chance at redemption by working for the government as a suicide squad. The movie uses real-world scenarios to explore the moral dilemmas faced by the characters, while also providing action-packed fight scenes that showcase their unique abilities.

## Section 5: Glossary
- Comic Book: A magazine or book containing sequences of comics art in a narrative format.
- Adaptation: The process of changing something from one form to another, such as a movie or TV show being adapted from a book or comic book.
- RunTime: The length of time that a movie or TV show runs for.
- Abstraction: The process of removing or simplifying something to its essence.
- Anti-Hero: A character who has heroic qualities but also has a dark side or engages in questionable behavior.

## Conclusion
DC Animated Movies provide a unique way to experience popular comic book stories in a visual medium. By adapting these stories into movies, fans can enjoy their favorite stories in a new way, while also introducing new audiences to the world of comic books. By analyzing the mathematical abstractions and real-world scenarios used in these movies, we can gain a deeper understanding of the characters and their relationships.


text: WRITERS - $2/500 WORDS. Budjetti $30-100 USD. Hello.. I need writers to be a part of my team. I have a good amount of experience in GAF hiring . I need writers who can write creative articles on varied topics. I expect a writer to do at least 5 articles of 500 words a day.. The pay for the articles at the start will be. $2 for a 500 word article. $1.50 for a 400 word article. $ 2.5 for a 550 to 650 word article. $ 3 for a 650 to 700 word article. $ 1 for rewrites. $ 100 for a 250 page e-book. You will have a regular supply of work. Pay will be increased after a month provided you respect deadlines and give me satisfactory work. Payment is through PayPal, and on a weekly basis.. I need the writers.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Freelance Writing

## Section 1: What is Freelance Writing?
Freelance writing is the act of writing articles or other written content for various publications, either online or offline, without being employed full-time by the publication. Freelance writers are self-employed and typically work on a project-by-project basis.

## Section 2: Why is Freelance Writing Important?
Freelance writing is important because it allows writers to showcase their skills and talent to potential clients. It also provides an opportunity for writers to make money doing something they love while working on their own schedule. Additionally, freelance writing can lead to long-term relationships with clients and can help writers build their portfolio and reputation in the industry.

## Section 3: How to Become a Successful Freelance Writer
To become a successful freelance writer, one must possess strong writing skills, knowledge of various writing styles, and an understanding of the publishing industry. It is also essential to have a solid understanding of grammar, punctuation, and spelling. Here are some tips to help you get started:

1. Build your portfolio: Start by creating a website or blog where you can showcase your writing samples, clips, and published work. This will help potential clients see your style and determine if you are a good fit for their project.

2. Network: Attend writing conferences, join writing groups, and participate in online forums to meet other writers and industry professionals. These connections can lead to job opportunities and provide valuable feedback on your work.

3. Pitch yourself: Identify potential clients and send them a well-crafted email or letter pitching your services. Be sure to highlight your skills, experience, and what sets you apart from other writers.

4. Be persistent: Freelance writing can be competitive, so it's essential to be persistent and continue pitching yourself even if you don't hear back right away.

5. Continuously learn: The publishing industry is constantly evolving, so it's crucial to stay up-to-date with the latest trends and technologies. Take courses, attend webinars, and read industry blogs to improve your skills and stay ahead of the competition.

## Conclusion:
In conclusion, freelance writing is a rewarding career that allows writers to use their skills to make a living while working on their own schedule. By following the tips outlined above, you can become a successful freelance writer and enjoy a fulfilling career in the publishing industry.


text:
A novel riboregulator switch system of gene expression for enhanced microbial production of succinic acid.
In this paper, a novel riboregulator Switch System of Gene Expression including an OFF-TO-ON switch and an ON-TO-OFF switch was designed to regulate the expression state of target genes between "ON" and "OFF" by switching the identifiability of ribosome recognition site (RBS) based on the thermodynamic stability of different RNA-RNA hybridizations between RBS and small noncoding RNAs. The proposed riboregulator switch system was employed for the fermentative production of succinic acid using an engineered strain of E. coli JW1021, during which the expression of mgtC gene was controlled at "ON" state and that of pepc and ecaA genes were controlled at the "OFF" state in the lag phase and switched to the "OFF" and "ON" state once the strain enters the logarithmic phase. The results showed that using the strain of JW1021, the yield and productivity of succinic acid can reach 0.91 g g-1 and 3.25 g L-1 h-1, respectively, much higher than those using the strains without harboring the riboregulator switch system.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Gene Regulation and Synthetic Biology

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Gene regulation is the process of controlling the expression of specific genes in an organism. This can be achieved through various mechanisms, including the use of riboregulators. A riboregulator is a regulatory element that controls the translation efficiency of a gene by affecting the ribosome binding site (RBS). In this lesson, we will explore the concept of riboregulators and their application in synthetic biology.

### Section 2: Practical Examples
To illustrate the concept of riboregulators, let's consider the example of a gene encoding a protein. When the gene is "ON," the protein is produced, and when the gene is "OFF," the protein is not produced. However, sometimes it is necessary to control the expression of a gene in response to environmental conditions or other signals. This is where riboregulators come into play.

One example of a riboregulator is the Tetracycline-responsive system. In this system, the presence of tetracycline molecules binds to the riboregulator, preventing the binding of the ribosome to the RBS and thus inhibiting protein production. When the tetracycline concentration is low, the riboregulator is inactive, and the gene is "ON."

Another example is the use of small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) to control gene expression. sRNAs can bind to the RBS and inhibit the binding of the ribosome, thus turning off gene expression. The riboregulator switch system described in the input paper uses this principle to control the expression of specific genes in response to environmental signals.

### Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions
Why is gene regulation important?
Gene regulation is essential for the proper functioning of an organism. It allows cells to produce the right proteins at the right time and in the right amounts. Without gene regulation, cells would produce uncontrolled amounts of proteins, leading to cellular dysfunction and potentially death.

How does the riboregulator switch system work?
The riboregulator switch system described in the input paper uses small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) to control the expression of specific genes. The sRNAs bind to the RBS and inhibit the binding of the ribosome, thus turning off gene expression. The system also includes an OFF-TO-ON switch and an ON-TO-OFF switch that allow for the controlled activation and deactivation of gene expression in response to environmental signals.

What are some potential applications of the riboregulator switch system?
The riboregulator switch system has potential applications in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. For example, it could be used to optimize the production of biofuels or other valuable chemicals by controlling the expression of specific genes in response to environmental conditions or other signals. Additionally, the system could be used to develop more efficient and robust biological systems for use in biotechnology and medicine.


text: Top Tech is geared towards our highly accomplished technical experts with a PhD or MSc, a minimum of 10 years of relevant experience and at least two years employment with us. The programme is a collaboration between DNV GL and the University of California, Berkeley, and is held at the Berkeley campus.. Top Tech focuses on the following three areas: technology for sustainability, energy innovations and commercialization of technology.. The programme aims to:. - Improve the depth and breadth of our technical leadership so as to capitalize on technology-based business opportunities. - Keep us at the forefront of new technology. - Accelerate the adoption of new technology in DNV GL. - Facilitate global thought leadership within risk management and climate change

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Technology for Sustainability

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
In this lesson, we will learn about technology for sustainability. Sustainability refers to the practice of meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Technology for sustainability involves the use of technology to promote sustainable development.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
One example of technology for sustainability is renewable energy. Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydro power are becoming increasingly popular as they do not produce greenhouse gas emissions like fossil fuels. Another example is smart cities, which use technology to optimize resource usage and reduce waste.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
A real-world scenario where technology for sustainability can be applied is in the construction industry. Buildings account for a significant portion of energy consumption and carbon emissions. By incorporating sustainable materials and technologies such as green roofs and solar panels, buildings can be made more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

## Glossary
- Sustainability: The practice of meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
- Technology for sustainability: The use of technology to promote sustainable development.
- Renewable energy: Energy sources that are replenished naturally and can be used continuously without depleting them.
- Smart cities: Cities that use technology to optimize resource usage and reduce waste.

## Conclusion
Technology for sustainability is an important field that can help us create a more sustainable future. By understanding the theoretical concepts, applying practical examples, and considering real-world scenarios, we can learn how to use technology to promote sustainable development. This knowledge can be applied to various industries and scenarios to create a positive impact on the environment and society.


text: Summary. This article will contain a list of all of the items that can be obtained from (Source Name here), located at (Source Location Name here). Each item/collectible has a chance of being given to the players if they successfully manage to (Reward Qualification Description here).. Notes. - (Note A here). - (Note B here). - If you would like to see the chances for each reward on this list, click this link here.. List of Rewards. Here is the list of rewards that are given to the players after (Reward Qualification Description here). It’s listed alphabetically, but can also be sorted by selling prices as well by clicking on the drop-down arrow next or under the headings of the table.. (1). If Else Descriptor(s). (1) If a page covers a source which spans multiple different reward tables, make a separate grid table in the page for each instead of clumping them all into one. If not, only have one grid table.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Probability Tables

Introduction:
Probability tables are used to represent the likelihood of an event happening. They are commonly used in games, sports, and other activities where randomness plays a role. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and interpret probability tables.

Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
- Probability is the likelihood of an event occurring.
- A probability table shows the chances of different outcomes.
- The sum of all probabilities in a table must equal 1.

Section 2: Questions and Answers
- What is the probability of rolling a 6 on a six-sided die?
- The probability of rolling a 6 on a six-sided die is 1/6 or approximately 0.1667.

Section 3: Definitions of Purpose
- Probability tables are used to determine the likelihood of an event happening.
- They are commonly used in games, sports, and other activities where randomness plays a role.

Section 4: Practical Examples
- Suppose you are playing a game where you roll a six-sided die. You want to know the probability of rolling a 3. You look at the probability table and see that the probability of rolling a 3 is 1/6 or approximately 0.1667.
- In sports, probability tables are used to determine the likelihood of certain events happening. For example, in baseball, the probability of a player getting a hit is calculated based on their batting average.

Section 5: Real-World Scenarios
- Imagine you are playing a game where you have to guess whether a coin will land on heads or tails. You look at the probability table and see that the probability of guessing correctly is 50%.
- In finance, probability tables are used to determine the likelihood of certain investments paying off.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about probability tables and how they are used to determine the likelihood of an event happening. We covered theoretical concepts, questions and answers, definitions of purpose, practical examples, and real-world scenarios. By understanding probability tables, we can make better decisions in games, sports, and other activities where randomness plays a role.

Glossary:
- Probability: The likelihood of an event occurring
- Probability Table: A table that shows the chances of different outcomes
- Outcome: A possible result of an event
- Randomness: The quality of being unpredictable or having no apparent pattern
- Likelihood: The probability of something happening


text: There is a lot of hype around the potential of big data. That hype stems from the very real enthusiasm for the potential applications. Organizations are hoping to achieve new innovations in products and services with big data and analytics driving more concrete insights about their customers and their own business operations. They want to move from a world where decision making isn’t decided by the “highest ranked person in the room,” but instead by the “most accurate understanding of the situation.” For many, this objective requires both cultural changes and technology changes to be successful.. Welcome to the ISI Resource Centre. Join the ISI Community

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Big Data

## Section 1: What is Big Data?

Big data refers to large volumes of structured and unstructured data that traditional data processing tools cannot handle. It is often characterized by the three Vs: volume, velocity, and variety.

**Question:** What are the three Vs of big data?
**Answer:** Volume, velocity, and variety.

Big data has become an essential part of our lives as it helps businesses and organizations make informed decisions based on data analysis.

## Section 2: Why is Big Data Important?

Big data is important because it allows businesses and organizations to analyze massive amounts of data to identify patterns and trends. This information can then be used to improve products, services, and overall customer satisfaction.

**Question:** How does big data help businesses?
**Answer:** Big data helps businesses by providing valuable insights into customer behavior, market trends, and operational efficiency. By analyzing this data, companies can make informed decisions that drive growth and profitability.

Big data also helps organizations detect fraud, prevent diseases, and reduce costs. For example, healthcare providers can use big data to predict patient outcomes and provide personalized treatment plans.

## Section 3: How does Big Data Work?

Big data works by collecting and processing vast amounts of data from various sources such as social media, sensors, and transactions. This data is then analyzed using specialized software and algorithms to identify patterns and trends.

**Question:** What are some examples of big data sources?
**Answer:** Some examples of big data sources include social media platforms, online transactional systems, and IoT devices.

Once the data has been analyzed, it can be used to create visualizations, predictive models, and other useful insights. These insights can then be used to inform decision-making processes within organizations.

## Conclusion

In conclusion, big data has become an essential tool for businesses and organizations looking to gain a competitive advantage. By analyzing large volumes of data, companies can identify patterns and trends that inform their decision-making processes. As big data continues to evolve, we can expect to see even more innovative uses of this powerful tool.

## Glossary
- **Volume:** The amount of data being stored and processed.
- **Velocity:** The speed at which data is generated and processed.
- **Variety:** The different types of data being stored and processed (e.g., structured, unstructured).


text:
What is International Baccalaureate? For more details on the IB Diploma Program, please refer to this summary for state policymakers or visit the IB Web site.

Methodology: This information was collected from state statutes, regulations and postsecondary governing board policy manuals, and will be updated as new policies and programs are enacted.

Last update: August 20, 2007

This database was compiled by Jennifer Dounay, project manager, ECS High School Policy Center. For questions, additions or corrections: 303.299.3689 or jdounay@ecs.org

State public postsecondary institutions must award credit for minimum IB scores

Alabama

No

Alaska

No

Arizona

No

Arkansas

No

California

No

Colorado

Yes, for public 4-year institutions. The amount of credit awarded and the minimum test scores required for credit to be granted is set by each governing board of public 4-year institutions. However, a minimum of 24 semester credits must be granted, unless a student has received a score less than 4 on an IB diploma exam, in which case the number of semester credits awarded must be reduced accordingly. Each governing board of a 4-year public postsecondary institution must also "identify the specific general education or elective requirements" fulfilled by the IB diploma program and must set forth the "conditions necessary to award the credits."

Connecticut

No

Delaware

No

District of Columbia

No

Florida

Yes. The state board of education must identify the minimum scores and IB exams that "will be used to grant postsecondary credit at community colleges and universities." The state department of education must determine the course(s) for which credit must be awarded for each IB exam. A maximum of 30 semester credit hours may be awarded any student for IB exam scores. "Each community college and state university must award credit for specific courses for which" students have passed an IB exam, "unless the award of credit duplicates credit already awarded."

State board of education policy notes that each bachelor's degree program offered by a university must be designed so that at least 25% of degree requirements may be completed by one of several methods, including the IB program or a combination of IB and other acceleration mechanisms.

Georgia

No

Hawaii

No

Idaho

No

Illinois

No

Indiana

No

Iowa

No

Kansas

No

Kentucky

No

Louisiana

No

Maine

No

Maryland

No

Massachusetts

No

Michigan

No

Minnesota

No. "The colleges and universities of the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities system must award, and the University of Minnesota and private postsecondary institutions are encouraged to award, college credit to high school students who receive a score of ... four or higher on the international baccalaureate program examination."

Mississippi

No

Missouri

No

Montana

No

Nebraska

No

Nevada

No

New Hampshire

No

New Jersey

No

New Mexico

No

New York

No

North Carolina

Yes, although each institution within the University of North Carolina determines the minimum IB scores, type and amount of credit awarded.

North Dakota

Yes. A credit-by-exam chart outlines the credit hours and equivalent college courses for which students may receive credit for a score of 4 or higher on an IB exam.

Ohio

No

Oklahoma

No, although when institutions do award postsecondary credit for IB scores, exam scores must meet or exceed the minimums recommended by the American Council on Education for national examinations, at least a four (on a seven-point scale) in the Higher Level course in the International Baccalaureate program[.]"

Oregon

Yes. "Each of the seven undergraduate universities in the Oregon University System gives credit-by-examination through" the IB program, though minimum scores and the amount of credit vary by institution.

Pennsylvania

No

Rhode Island

No

South Carolina

Yes. Public higher education institutions all articulate high school IB coursework for academic credit using individual institutional standards. Working within the framework of the state’s Education and Economic Development Act, a statewide study group is currently developing a common IB policy for all public institutions, which is anticipated to be implemented in 2007.

South Dakota

Yes. A document on the South Dakota Board of Regents Web site outlines IB courses, their postsecondary course equivalents, and the credit to be awarded for minimum scores.

Tennessee

No

Texas

Yes. Each public institution of higher education must adopt a policy to grant credit to students who have completed the IB diploma program. Institutions must award at least 24 semester credit hours in appropriate subject areas for completion of the IB diploma program, although an institution may grant fewer than 24 credit hours if a student earned a score below 4 on an IB exam.

Utah

Yes. According to the Utah State Board of Regents R470-9.1.3, "Credit should be granted for International Baccalaureate examinations and/or diplomas as determined by each institution." In practice, all public postsecondary institutions in the state are awarding credit to students passing IB exams; academic departments determine the amount of credit awarded and the courses for which credit is granted.

Vermont

No

Virginia

No

Washington

No

West Virginia

No

Wisconsin

Yes. All University of Wisconsin System campuses must award college credit for scores of 4 or higher on an IB Higher Level (HL) exam. Additional credit must be awarded students who complete the IB diploma program. Most campuses do not award credit based on the results of IB Standard Level (SL) exam results.

Wyoming

Yes. The University of Wyoming is the sole public senior institution in the state and provides credit for minimum scores on IB exams.

To request permission to excerpt part of this publication, either in print or electronically, please fax a request to the attention of the ECS Communications Department, 303.296.8332 or e-mail
ecs@ecs.org.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Program

### Overview

The International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Program is a rigorous pre-university course of study designed for students in grades 11 and 12. It is recognized and respected by universities around the world, and can help students develop the skills and habits of mind necessary for success in higher education and beyond. In this lesson, we will explore what the IB Diploma Program is, how it works, and why it is beneficial for students.

### Section 1: What is the IB Diploma Program?

The IB Diploma Program is a two-year curriculum that aims to provide students with a broad, balanced education that helps them develop critical thinking, communication, and research skills. It is designed to prepare students for success at university and in life beyond school. The program is offered by schools that have been authorized by the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO), and students who complete the program receive an IB Diploma, which is recognized by universities around the world.

### Section 2: How does the IB Diploma Program work?

The IB Diploma Program is divided into six subject groups:

1. Language and Literature
2. Language Acquisition
3. Individuals and Societies
4. Sciences
5. Mathematics
6. Arts

Students must choose one subject from each group, except for Language and Literature, which is studied at both Standard Level (SL) and Higher Level (HL). Students must also complete a Theory of Knowledge (TOK) class, an Extended Essay (EE), and participate in Creativity, Action, and Service (CAS) activities.

### Section 3: Why is the IB Diploma Program beneficial for students?

The IB Diploma Program is beneficial for students for several reasons:

1. It provides a challenging and engaging curriculum that encourages students to think critically and creatively.
2. It prepares students for success in higher education by developing research, writing, and presentation skills.
3. It promotes international-mindedness and cultural understanding by exposing students to a diverse range of subjects and perspectives.
4. It encourages students to take responsibility for their own learning and to develop a love of learning that will stay with them throughout their lives.
5. It provides opportunities for students to engage in a variety of activities outside the classroom, such as community service, sports, and the arts.

### Conclusion

In conclusion, the IB Diploma Program is a rigorous and engaging curriculum that provides students with a well-rounded education that prepares them for success in higher education and beyond. By studying a broad range of subjects and engaging in a variety of activities, students develop critical thinking, communication, and research skills that will serve them well throughout their lives.