text:
TORONTO—Gwyneth Paltrow’s natural lifestyle website Goop, which has been criticized widely for promoting potentially dangerous products based on pseudo-science, is now recommending a do-it-yourself coffee enema to “supercharge your detox.”

The $135 (U.S.) Implant-O-Rama is the latest offering being touted on Goop’s website featuring health, fitness and beauty products that the actress has said she plans to make available to Canadians.

The idea of using coffee as a colonic to detoxify the bowel and the body has been around for a long time, but it’s been widely debunked and there’s no scientific evidence to support it, said Tim Caulfield, a health law expert at the University of Alberta and a vocal critic of the culture of celebrity-based health advice.

“You could do damage to your bowel,” Caulfield said Tuesday from Edmonton. “I think this is absolutely absurd, potentially dangerous and there’s no way the consumer should consider using this product.”

He said Goop tends to promote a particular product or service each January — vaginal steaming in 2015, jade eggs in the vagina to cultivate sexual energy in 2017 — using the tag line “a new year, a new you” for marketing.

“One of the things I find fascinating about this is Gwyneth and Goop have been scrutinized over the past two years or so quite heavily by the science community, by the health community,” said Caulfield, author of Is Gwyneth Paltrow Wrong About Everything?: When Celebrity Culture and Science Clash.

“And despite that scrutiny, they still are marketing completely ridiculous and potentially harmful products like this one.”

Health Canada could not comment Tuesday on the Implant-O-Rama. But on its website, the federal department says all natural health products sold in Canada must have a product licence — after being assessed for safety, effectiveness and quality — and be assigned an eight-digit Natural Product Number (NPN).

“This number lets you know that the product has been reviewed and approved by Health Canada,” the website says.

Caulfield said if a product carries a specific health claim, it is subject to regulation by Health Canada.

“But the problem is the people who push these products can be quite clever in how they present the benefits,” using such vague terms as energize, revitalize or detoxify — without a specific claim about curing or treating a particular disease, he said.

“And it becomes more difficult for regulators to move.”

Dr. Jennifer Gunter, a Canadian-born obstetrician/gynecologist in San Francisco who has been an outspoken critic of Goop’s health advice, also slammed Paltrow for promoting the home-use product.

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“Coffee enemas and colonics offer no health benefit. The biology used to support these therapies is unsound and there can be very real complications,” Gunter wrote recently on her blog about health and evidence-based medicine.

“Keep the coffee out of your rectum and in your cup. It is only meant to access your colon from the top.”

textbook:
he most common misconceptions about science is that it is a fixed body of knowledge that can never be questioned or changed. However, this is far from the truth. Science is constantly evolving and growing as new information and discoveries are made. This means that what we know today may be different tomorrow.

In this lesson, we will explore the concept of scientific change and how it affects our understanding of the world around us. We will also discuss some of the ways in which science has changed over time and how these changes have impacted society.

**Section 1: Introduction**

Science is a powerful tool that helps us understand the world around us. It is a systematic and logical approach to discovering and explaining the natural world. However, science is not static. It is constantly changing and evolving as new information and discoveries are made.

**Section 2: What is Scientific Change?**

Scientific change refers to the process by which scientific theories and models are revised, refined, and sometimes even replaced as new evidence and information becomes available. This process is essential for the growth and progress of science, as it allows us to continually refine our understanding of the world around us.

**Section 3: Examples of Scientific Change**

There are many examples of scientific change throughout history. One notable example is the theory of evolution. Originally proposed by Charles Darwin in the 19th century, the theory of evolution has since been refined and expanded upon by generations of scientists. Today, the theory of evolution is one of the most well-established and widely accepted scientific theories.

Another example of scientific change is the development of the atomic model. Early models of the atom, such as the plum pudding model, have been replaced with more accurate and sophisticated models, such as the quantum mechanical model. These changes have allowed scientists to better understand the behavior of atoms and subatomic particles.

**Section 4: Impact of Scientific Change**

Scientific change has had a profound impact on society. For example, the development of vaccines has greatly improved public health and saved countless lives. Similarly, advances in technology and medicine have improved our quality of life and extended our lifespan.

However, scientific change can also lead to controversy and debate. For instance, the debate over climate change is an ongoing issue that has significant implications for our planet's future. As new evidence and information becomes available, scientists continue to refine their understanding of climate change and its potential impacts.

**Section 5: Conclusion**

Science is a dynamic and ever-evolving field. As new information and discoveries are made, scientific theories and models are revised and refined. This process of scientific change is essential for the growth and progress of science, as it allows us to continually refine our understanding of the world around us. By exploring the concept of scientific change, we can better appreciate the importance of staying informed about new developments in science and how they impact our lives.


text: The Poland Board of Education adopted a five-year strategic plan on July 23, 2018. The plan represents the district’s vision in several areas: curriculum, technology, communications, finances and facilities. The plan was developed with input from committees, made up of more than 100 district stakeholders. The Poland Local School District would like to thank everyone who served on committees to develop the district’s plan.. Please contact the Poland Board of Education at (330) 757-7000 for more information.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Developing a Strategic Plan

Introduction:
A strategic plan is a document that outlines the goals and objectives of an organization. It provides a roadmap for achieving long-term success and guides decision-making. In this lesson, we will learn about the process of developing a strategic plan, including the steps involved and the key components to consider.

I. Developing a Strategic Plan

A. Understanding the Purpose of a Strategic Plan

1. What is the purpose of a strategic plan?
2. Why do organizations need a strategic plan?
3. What are the benefits of having a strategic plan?

B. Identifying Key Components of a Strategic Plan

1. Vision statement
2. Mission statement
3. Goals and objectives
4. Strategies and action plans
5. Performance measures
6. Budget and resources
7. Timeline

C. Steps Involved in Developing a Strategic Plan

1. Conduct a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats)
2. Identify internal and external stakeholders
3. Define the organization's mission and vision
4. Establish goals and objectives
5. Develop strategies and action plans to achieve goals and objectives
6. Determine performance measures
7. Allocate resources and create a timeline
8. Communicate the plan to stakeholders
9. Monitor and evaluate progress
10. Revise the plan as needed

II. Applying the Concepts

A. Real-World Example: A Non-Profit Organization

1. How might a non-profit organization use a strategic plan?
2. What key components might be included in their plan?
3. How might they go about developing the plan?

B. Self-Reflection: Creating Your Own Strategic Plan

1. Imagine you are leading a club at your school. What might be your mission and vision statements?
2. What goals and objectives might you establish for the club?
3. How might you develop strategies and action plans to achieve these goals?
4. What performance measures might you use to evaluate progress?

III. Glossary

- Strategic Plan: A document that outlines an organization's goals and objectives and provides a roadmap for achieving long-term success.
- Stakeholders: Individuals or groups who have an interest in or impact on the organization and its strategic plan.
- SWOT Analysis: An assessment of an organization's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

Conclusion:

In summary, developing a strategic plan involves understanding the purpose of the plan, identifying key components, and following a series of steps to create a roadmap for achieving long-term success. By applying the concepts learned in this lesson, students can develop their own strategic plans for clubs or organizations.


text:
Immune dysregulation in flea allergy dermatitis--a model for the immunopathogenesis of allergic dermatitis.
Flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) is a common skin disease in dogs and can be induced experimentally. It often coexists with other allergic conditions. So far no studies have investigated the quantitative production of cytokine mRNA in skin biopsies and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in flea allergic dogs. The aim of our study was to improve the understanding of the immunopathogenesis of allergic dermatitis as a response to fleabites. Allergic and non-allergic dogs were exposed to fleas. Before and after 4 days of flea exposure mRNA was isolated from biopsies and PBMC. Production of chymase, tryptase, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma mRNA was measured by real-time RT-PCR. The inflammatory infiltrate in the skin was scored semi-quantitatively. The number of eosinophils, mast cells (MC) and IgE+ cells/mm2 was evaluated to complete the picture. FAD was associated with a higher number of MC before flea exposure and with a significant increase of eosinophils after flea exposure as compared to non-allergic dogs. The number of IgE+ cells was higher in allergic dogs before and after flea exposure. In allergic dogs mRNA for most cytokines and proteases tested was higher before flea exposure than after flea exposure. After exposure to fleas an increased mRNA production was only observed in non-allergic dogs. In vitro stimulation with flea antigen resulted in a decreased expression of most cytokines in allergic dogs before flea exposure. In contrast, in PBMC, only increased levels of IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA were observed in allergic dogs before flea exposure. However, after flea exposure and additional stimulation with flea antigen the production of mRNA for all cytokines tested was significantly increased in allergic dogs. We demonstrated that the response in biopsies and PBMC is different and that FAD is associated with a TH2 response.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding the Immunopathogenesis of Allergic Dermatitis in Flea-Allergic Dogs

Introduction:
Allergic dermatitis is a common skin disease in dogs that can be induced experimentally by fleas. It often coexists with other allergic conditions, such as atopic dermatitis and food allergies. The immunopathogenesis of allergic dermatitis in flea-allergic dogs is not well understood. Therefore, this lesson aims to provide an overview of the immunopathogenesis of allergic dermatitis in flea-allergic dogs and how it can be studied experimentally.

Section 1: Overview of the Immunopathogenesis of Allergic Dermatitis in Flea-Allergic Dogs

Topic 1.1: Cytokine mRNA Production in Skin Biopsies and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC)
The production of cytokine mRNA in skin biopsies and PBMC in flea-allergic dogs can be measured using real-time RT-PCR. This technique allows researchers to quantify the mRNA levels of chymase, tryptase, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma in response to flea exposure. These cytokines play a crucial role in the immune response to fleas and are involved in the development of allergic dermatitis.

Topic 1.2: Inflammatory Infiltrate in the Skin
The inflammatory infiltrate in the skin of flea-allergic dogs can be evaluated using histological techniques. The presence of eosinophils, mast cells (MC), and IgE+ cells in the skin can provide valuable information about the immune response to fleas. These cells are involved in the initiation and amplification of allergic reactions.

Section 2: Experimental Study Design

Topic 2.1: Exposure of Dogs to Fleas
Flea-allergic dogs and non-allergic dogs can be exposed to fleas to study the immunopathogenesis of allergic dermatitis. The exposure can be done by placing the dogs in a controlled environment with a known number of fleas.

Topic 2.2: Collection of Samples
Before and after 4 days of flea exposure, skin biopsies and PBMC can be collected from the dogs. These samples will be used to measure cytokine mRNA production and assess the inflammatory infiltrate in the skin.

Section 3: Data Analysis and Interpretation

Topic 3.1: Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR
The data obtained from real-time RT-PCR can be analyzed using specialized software. The relative expression levels of cytokine mRNA can be compared between flea-allergic and non-allergic dogs. This analysis can help identify which cytokines are involved in the immune response to fleas and their role in the development of allergic dermatitis.

Topic 3.2: Semi-Quantitative Histological Scoring
The histological scores obtained from the evaluation of the inflammatory infiltrate in the skin can be used to compare the severity of allergic dermatitis between flea-allergic and non-allergic dogs. This analysis can help determine if the presence of fleas induces a more severe form of allergic dermatitis.

Section 4: Conclusion

In conclusion, the immunopathogenesis of allergic dermatitis in flea-allergic dogs involves the production of cytokine mRNA in skin biopsies and PBMC, the presence of eosinophils, mast cells, and IgE+ cells in the skin, and the development of an inflammatory infiltrate. Studying these processes experimentally can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying allergic dermatitis and help develop targeted therapies for affected dogs.

Glossary:
- Cytokine: A small protein that acts as a messenger molecule, involved in the immune response.
- mRNA: Messenger ribonucleic acid, a molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, where it is translated into proteins.
- Real-time RT-PCR: A technique that measures the amount of mRNA present in a sample, while simultaneously synthesizing cDNA.
- Inflammatory infiltrate: The presence of immune cells, such as eosinophils, mast cells, and IgE+ cells, in the skin.
- Histological scoring: A method used to evaluate the severity of a disease based on the appearance of tissue samples under a microscope.

Self-Debating Discussion:

1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using real-time RT-PCR to measure cytokine mRNA production in flea-allergic dogs?

Advantages:
- Real-time RT-PCR is highly sensitive and specific, allowing for the quantification of cytokine mRNA levels in skin biopsies and PBMC.
- This technique enables researchers to study the immune response to fleas in a controlled environment, providing valuable insights into the immunopathogenesis of allergic dermatitis.

Disadvantages:
- Real-time RT-PCR is a complex and time-consuming procedure that requires specialized equipment and expertise.
- The results obtained from this technique may not always correlate with the actual production of cytokines in vivo.

2. How does the presence of fleas induce a more severe form of allergic dermatitis in flea-allergic dogs?

The presence of fleas can trigger an immune response in flea-allergic dogs, leading to the production of cytokines, such as chymase, tryptase, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma. These cytokines can cause an inflammatory infiltrate in the skin, characterized by the presence of eosinophils, mast cells, and IgE+ cells. The inflammatory infiltrate can exacerbate the symptoms of allergic dermatitis, leading to increased itching, redness, and swelling of the skin. Additionally, the repeated exposure to fleas can sensitize dogs to flea allergens, further amplifying the immune response and the severity of allergic dermatitis.


text: TrapBag ® is a low cost, quick deploy, self-erecting, cellular barrier bag specifically designed to provide temporary or permanent solutions in emergency and non-emergency situations. TrapBag solutions can be successfully used in coastal protection, flooding, erosion control, temporary cofferdams, levee raising, land reclamation, property protection and beach nourishment.. The design & construction of coastal protection measures is a highly specialised field which GEA is at the forefront of in East Africa. The sand filled TrapBags provide the stability required to withstand the impact of high wave energy in coastal environments.. GEA offers the unique full service of technical design, supply and installation on site. The Trapbags are an eco-friendly solution and a soft-engineering alternative for protecting beach properties as well as reinstating lost beach frontage, protecting existing dune embankments and boundary walls.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Coastal Protection

**Objective:** To understand the importance of coastal protection and the different methods used to protect coastal areas.

**Materials:** None

**Introduction:** Coastal areas are home to millions of people around the world. They provide important resources such as fisheries, tourism, and transportation. However, these areas are also vulnerable to natural disasters such as hurricanes, tsunamis, and rising sea levels. Coastal protection is essential to prevent damage to property, infrastructure, and human life.

**Section 1: Understanding Coastal Protection**

**Topic 1: Importance of Coastal Protection**

Coastal protection is important for several reasons:

1. To protect lives and property: Coastal protection measures can prevent loss of life and damage to property during natural disasters such as hurricanes, tsunamis, and floods.

2. To preserve the environment: Coastal protection measures can help preserve the natural environment by preventing erosion, preserving wetlands, and protecting wildlife habitats.

3. To maintain economic activities: Coastal protection measures can help maintain economic activities such as fisheries, tourism, and transportation that depend on healthy coastal ecosystems.

**Topic 2: Methods of Coastal Protection**

There are several methods of coastal protection, including:

1. Seawalls and revetments: These are rigid structures made of concrete or stone that are built along the shoreline to prevent waves from reaching the land.

2. Sand dunes: These are natural or man-made hills of sand that can absorb wave energy and reduce erosion.

3. Beach nourishment: This involves adding sand to beaches to increase their elevation and reduce erosion.

4. TrapBags: These are large, sand-filled bags that can be deployed quickly to create temporary barriers against waves and storm surges.

**Section 2: TrapBags**

**Topic 1: Design and Construction**

TrapBags are designed to withstand the impact of high wave energy in coastal environments. They are made of a strong, durable material that can hold up to 500 pounds of sand each. The bags are filled with sand and then sealed shut to create a stable structure that can be deployed quickly in emergency situations.

**Topic 2: Advantages of TrapBags**

TrapBags have several advantages over other methods of coastal protection:

1. They are low-cost and easy to deploy, making them a cost-effective solution for many communities.

2. They can be used for both temporary and permanent solutions, depending on the needs of the community.

3. They are eco-friendly and a soft-engineering alternative to traditional hard structures such as seawalls.

**Section 3: Applying Skills to New Problems**

**Topic 1: Case Study**

Consider a coastal town that experiences frequent flooding during heavy rainstorms. The town wants to find a long-term solution to protect its residents and property from flood damage. Using the knowledge gained from this lesson, what methods of coastal protection could be recommended? How would TrapBags fit into this solution?

**Conclusion:** In this lesson, we learned about the importance of coastal protection and the different methods available to protect coastal areas. We also explored TrapBags, a unique and eco-friendly solution for protecting coastal properties. By understanding the principles behind these methods, we can apply our knowledge to new problems and find effective solutions to protect our communities and environment.

**Glossary:**

- Coastal protection: Measures taken to prevent damage to property, infrastructure, and human life in coastal areas.
- Seawalls: Rigid structures made of concrete or stone that are built along the shoreline to prevent waves from reaching the land.
- Sand dunes: Natural or man-made hills of sand that can absorb wave energy and reduce erosion.
- Beach nourishment: Adding sand to beaches to increase their elevation and reduce erosion.
- TrapBags: Large, sand-filled bags that can be deployed quickly to create temporary barriers against waves and storm surges.


text: Pass. Why the move to food? “A lot of people watching NBA games on TV tend to eat.” A-ha! First up is NBA team logo pizza, created by applying printed wafers of sugar, starch, and food coloring to baked and sliced commercial pies that will retail for about $5 more than their logo-free counterparts. Fans can also burn favorite team logos into slices of bread with NBA Pro Toast Toasters, which are already popping up on eBay.. Gee, Your Logo Tastes Terrific!

textbook:
Lesson: How to Identify Marketing Strategies in Everyday Products

Introduction:
Marketing strategies are used by companies to promote their products and increase sales. In this lesson, we will learn how to identify marketing strategies in everyday products.

Section 1: Understanding Marketing Strategies

Topic 1: What is a marketing strategy?
A marketing strategy is a plan that a company uses to promote its products or services. It involves identifying the target audience, understanding their needs, and creating a message that appeals to them.

Topic 2: Examples of marketing strategies
Some examples of marketing strategies include product placement, sponsorship, and advertising.

Section 2: Identifying Marketing Strategies in Everyday Products

Topic 1: NBA Team Logo Pizza
The first example of a marketing strategy is NBA team logo pizza. This product is created by applying printed wafers of sugar, starch, and food coloring to baked and sliced commercial pies that will retail for about $5 more than their logo-free counterparts. The aim of this product is to appeal to fans who want to show their support for their favorite team while eating pizza.

Topic 2: NBA Pro Toast Toasters
Another example of a marketing strategy is NBA Pro Toast Toasters. These toasters are already popping up on eBay, and they allow fans to burn their favorite team logos into slices of bread. This product targets fans who want to show their support for their team even when they are not at the game.

Section 3: Applying Marketing Strategies

Topic 1: How to apply marketing strategies to new products
To apply marketing strategies to new products, you need to understand your target audience and create a message that appeals to them. You can use social media, advertising, and other forms of promotion to reach your audience.

Topic 2: How to create a marketing strategy
To create a marketing strategy, you need to identify your target audience, understand their needs, and create a message that appeals to them. You can use surveys, focus groups, and other research methods to gather information about your audience.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to identify marketing strategies in everyday products. By understanding the target audience and creating a message that appeals to them, companies can increase sales and promote their products. We also learned how to apply marketing strategies to new products and create a marketing strategy.

Glossary:
- Marketing strategy: A plan that a company uses to promote its products or services.
- Target audience: The group of people that a company aims to sell its products or services to.
- Advertising: The act of promoting something through various channels such as TV, radio, newspapers, magazines, etc.
- Product placement: The practice of placing a product in a movie or TV show to promote it.
- Sponsorship: The act of supporting an event or activity financially or with goods or services.


text: Description. Gardman No Grow Seed Mix is a blend of wild bird food that has been carefully formulated so that if any seeds fall to the ground they will not germinate and grow.. This means that you can safely position feeders above your garden borders without having to worry about weeds growing.. This blend of seeds will attract Chaffinches, Blue Tits, Great Tits, Long-tailed Tits, Robins, Dunnocks and other species of wild birds to your garden.. No Grow Seed Mix Composition: Cut Wheat, Kibbled Maize, Pinhead Oatmeal, Micronised Naked Oats, Sunflower Chips, Suet Pellets, Peanut Granules. Nutritional Information: Protein 11.4%, Fat 14.5%, Fibre 3.6%, Ash 0.2%, Moisture 11.2%. Available in a variety of bag sizes including a VAT Free 12.75kg and a pack of 10 easy fill 270g pouches.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Seed Germination

Introduction:
Seed germination is the process by which a seed develops into a new plant. It is an essential part of the life cycle of plants and is crucial for their survival. In this lesson, we will learn about the process of seed germination, the factors that affect it, and how it plays a vital role in the growth of plants.

Section 1: Understanding Seed Germination

Topic 1: What is Seed Germination?
- Seed germination is the process by which a seed develops into a new plant.
- It involves the absorption of water, the uptake of nutrients, and the initiation of metabolic processes that eventually lead to the formation of a new plant.

Topic 2: Factors Affecting Seed Germination
- Temperature: Seeds require specific temperatures to germinate. If the temperature is too low or too high, the process may be delayed or stopped altogether.
- Water: Seeds need water to absorb and initiate the germination process. If there is not enough water, the seed may not germinate properly.
- Light: Some seeds require light to germinate while others do not. Light can also affect the rate of germination in some seeds.
- Oxygen: Seeds need oxygen to respire and initiate metabolic processes.

Topic 3: The Process of Seed Germination
- Imbibition: The seed absorbs water, causing it to swell and break its protective outer coat.
- Respiration: The seed starts to respire and metabolize the stored food reserves.
- Formation of the root and shoot: The embryo within the seed starts to develop into a root and shoot.
- Emergence: The shoot emerges from the soil surface and begins to photosynthesize.

Section 2: Practical Examples

Example 1: Planting a seed in a pot
- Fill a pot with soil and plant the seed 1 cm deep.
- Water the soil thoroughly and place the pot in a sunny location.
- Observe the seed daily and record your observations.
- After a few weeks, you should see a small plant emerging from the soil.

Example 2: Germinating seeds in a classroom experiment
- Fill two sets of petri dishes with soil.
- Plant the same type of seeds (e.g., beans) in each dish.
- Cover one set of dishes with a lid and leave the other set open to the air.
- Water both sets of seeds.
- Observe the seeds daily and record your observations.
- Compare the rate of germination in the open and closed dishes.

Section 3: Critical Thinking Questions

1. How does the process of seed germination vary between different types of seeds?
2. Why is it important for seeds to germinate quickly after being dispersed?
3. Can seeds germinate without water? Explain your answer.

Glossary:
- Imbibition: The process by which a seed absorbs water.
- Respiration: The process by which cells produce energy by breaking down nutrients.
- Embryo: The developing plant inside the seed.
- Photosynthesis: The process by which plants convert sunlight into energy.

Conclusion:
Seed germination is a critical process in the life cycle of plants. By understanding the factors that affect it and the steps involved, we can better appreciate the importance of this process in the growth and survival of plants. Through practical examples and critical thinking questions, we can deepen our understanding of seed germination and its applications in various scenarios.


text: SWARMS. What is a honey bee swarm?.. What makes a honey bee colony swarm?. Overcrowding and congestion in the nest are factors which predispose colonies to swarm. The presence of an old queen and a mild winter also contribute to the development of the swarming impulse. Swarming can be controlled by a skilled beekeeper; however, not all colonies live in hives and have a human caretaker.. When do honey bees swarm?. The tendency to swarm is usually greatest when bees increase their population rapidly in late spring and early summer. In Colorado, this would be in May and June.. Are honey bee swarms dangerous?. No - honey bees exhibit defensive behavior only in the vicinity of their nest. Defensive behavior is needed to protect their young and food supply. A honey bee swarm has neither young nor food stores and will not exhibit defensive behavior unless unduly provoked.

textbook:
Lesson: Honey Bee Swarms

Introduction:
Honey bees are social insects that live in colonies. They are known for their ability to produce honey and pollinate plants. However, sometimes they form swarms, which can be fascinating to observe but may also raise concerns for people who encounter them. In this lesson, we will learn about what a honey bee swarm is, why they form, and what to do if you encounter one.

Section 1: What is a honey bee swarm?
A honey bee swarm is a group of bees that leave their original colony to establish a new one. This usually happens when the colony becomes too large for its current home or when the queen bee's reign is coming to an end. The swarm consists of thousands of bees, including the old queen and a few worker bees.

Section 2: Why do honey bees swarm?
Honey bees swarm for several reasons. Overcrowding and congestion in the nest can make it difficult for the bees to move around and access food. The presence of an old queen and a mild winter can also contribute to the development of the swarming impulse. Swarming can be controlled by a skilled beekeeper, but not all colonies live in hives and have a human caretaker.

Section 3: When do honey bees swarm?
The tendency to swarm is usually greatest when bees increase their population rapidly in late spring and early summer. In Colorado, this would be in May and June.

Section 4: Are honey bee swarms dangerous?
No, honey bees exhibit defensive behavior only in the vicinity of their nest. Defensive behavior is needed to protect their young and food supply. A honey bee swarm has neither young nor food stores and will not exhibit defensive behavior unless unduly provoked.

Conclusion:
In summary, a honey bee swarm is a group of bees that leave their original colony to establish a new one. They form due to overcrowding, congestion, or the presence of an old queen. Swarming typically occurs in late spring and early summer. While honey bees can be defensive near their nests, swarms are generally not dangerous and do not exhibit defensive behavior unless provoked.


text: It is believed that all the healing powers for any kind of physical/mental issue can be found in nature. It becomes a reality when O2 Spa combines the earthiness of these essential elements and a massage therapy into an Aromatherapy Massage.. The use of certain essential oils on your body through a massage would help your body heal and rejuvenate. Each essential oil holds a healing power and together they do wonders to your body. Aromatherapy Massage uses multi-nerve easing techniques to pamper your body and help your mind feel at ease.. In this journey of undergoing a healing Aromatherapy Massage, our professional therapists will bring out the best in you.. Let your inner self feel relaxed under the earthy touch of O2 Spa.

textbook:
Lesson: Aromatherapy Massage - Healing Powers of Nature

Introduction:
Aromatherapy Massage is a type of massage therapy that uses essential oils to promote relaxation and healing. The use of essential oils has been practiced for centuries, and it is believed that nature holds all the healing powers needed for physical and mental wellbeing. In this lesson, we will explore the benefits of Aromatherapy Massage, the healing powers of essential oils, and how to combine them with massage therapy for optimal results.

Section 1: Understanding Aromatherapy Massage

Topic 1: What is Aromatherapy Massage?
Aromatherapy Massage is a type of massage therapy that uses essential oils to promote relaxation and healing. Essential oils are natural oils extracted from plants, flowers, and other natural sources. These oils have been used for centuries to treat various ailments, including pain, inflammation, and stress.

Topic 2: How does Aromatherapy Massage work?
Aromatherapy Massage works by stimulating the senses and promoting relaxation. When essential oils are applied to the skin during a massage, they are absorbed into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body. This process helps to reduce stress, improve circulation, and promote overall wellbeing.

Topic 3: Benefits of Aromatherapy Massage
The benefits of Aromatherapy Massage include:
- Reduced stress and anxiety
- Improved circulation
- Pain relief
- Better sleep quality
- Increased energy levels
- Enhanced mood

Section 2: Healing Powers of Essential Oils

Topic 1: Types of Essential Oils
There are many types of essential oils, each with its own unique healing properties. Some common types of essential oils include:
- Lavender: known for its calming and relaxing effects
- Peppermint: effective for reducing pain and inflammation
- Eucalyptus: helpful for clearing respiratory issues
- Rosemary: stimulating and energizing
- Chamomile: soothing and anti-inflammatory

Topic 2: How to choose the right essential oil
To get the most benefit from an Aromatherapy Massage, it's important to choose the right essential oil for your needs. Consider your goals (e.g., relaxation, pain relief) and any specific health concerns when selecting an essential oil. It's also important to consult with a trained professional to ensure the correct application and dosage.

Section 3: Combining Aromatherapy Massage with Massage Therapy

Topic 1: Techniques used in Aromatherapy Massage
Aromatherapy Massage uses a variety of massage techniques to promote relaxation and healing. Some common techniques include:
- Swedish massage: gentle, rhythmic strokes to increase circulation and ease tension
- Deep tissue massage: focused pressure on specific muscle groups to release tension and reduce pain
- Reflexology: applying pressure to specific points on the feet to promote overall wellbeing

Topic 2: How to prepare for an Aromatherapy Massage
To get the most out of your Aromatherapy Massage, it's important to prepare both your body and mind. Here are some tips:
- Drink plenty of water beforehand to stay hydrated
- Avoid caffeine and alcohol for several hours before the massage
- Wear comfortable clothing that allows for easy movement
- Create a quiet and peaceful environment to enhance relaxation

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Aromatherapy Massage is a powerful tool for promoting relaxation and healing. By combining the healing powers of nature with massage therapy techniques, you can experience a range of benefits, including reduced stress, improved circulation, and better sleep quality. Whether you're looking for a way to unwind or seeking relief from pain or inflammation, Aromatherapy Massage may be the perfect solution.


text: Hi i am planning on digging up all the downstairs of my house. A few things i could do with some help on.. 1- Gas - i have a gas mains that needs to run the full length of the house but i cant run it on the outside so i was going to put it into the floor, im not sure where, before dpm after dpm or inside the insulation (cut a channel). ive also read that the gas pipe after it being taped up (can this be electrical tape?) could be run through a different larger pipe which is to be closed off at one end and left open on the other to vent gas if there were a leak. but how would this larger pipe fit? eg when a "T" is inline could i use a plastic channeling instead? pipe sise is 28mm and "T"s of to 15.. 2 - Water again where does this go? above dpm or below if its below what do i need to do to seal the dpm after? can i use the blue pipe

textbook:
Lesson: How to Plan a Home Renovation Project

Introduction:
Home renovation projects can be exciting, but they can also be overwhelming. There are many decisions to make, and it can be hard to know where to start. In this lesson, we will learn about some key considerations for planning a home renovation project, including gas and water systems.

Section 1: Gas Systems

Question: Where should I run the gas mains in my house?
Answer: You should run the gas mains inside the insulation, either before or after the DPM. This will help to protect the gas pipes from damage and prevent gas leaks.

Question: Can I use electrical tape to tape up the gas pipe?
Answer: No, you should not use electrical tape to tape up the gas pipe. Instead, you should use a gas-rated tape specifically designed for this purpose.

Question: How can I vent gas if there is a leak in the larger pipe?
Answer: You can use a larger pipe that is closed off at one end and left open on the other to vent gas if there were a leak. This is called a vent stack.

Question: Can I use a plastic channeling instead of a "T" when the pipe size is 28mm?
Answer: No, you should not use a plastic channeling instead of a "T" when the pipe size is 28mm. Instead, you should use a metal "T" fitting that is rated for gas use.

Section 2: Water Systems

Question: Where should I run the water pipes in my house?
Answer: You should run the water pipes above the DPM. This will help to prevent water damage and mold growth.

Question: How do I seal the DPM after the water pipes?
Answer: You can use a water-resistant sealant to seal the DPM after the water pipes. Make sure to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully to ensure a proper seal.

Question: Can I use blue pipe for the water pipes?
Answer: No, you should not use blue pipe for the water pipes. Instead, you should use copper or PEX pipe, which are both safe and durable options for water pipes.

Section 3: Critical Thinking

Debate: Is it worth it to spend the extra money on a professional to help with the home renovation project?

Argument for hiring a professional: A professional has the experience and knowledge to ensure that the project is done correctly, which can save time and money in the long run.

Argument against hiring a professional: Hiring a professional can be expensive, and some people may prefer to save money by doing the work themselves.

Conclusion: Ultimately, the decision to hire a professional or not depends on the individual's skills, budget, and priorities. Those who are confident in their abilities and have the time to dedicate to the project may choose to do it themselves, while those who want to ensure the project is done correctly may choose to hire a professional.

Glossary:
- DPM: Damp-proof membrane
- PEX: Cross-linked polyethylene

Summary:
In this lesson, we learned about important considerations for planning a home renovation project, including gas and water systems. We discussed where to run the gas mains, how to vent gas, and how to seal the DPM after water pipes. We also engaged in critical thinking by debating whether it is worth it to spend the extra money on a professional to help with the project.


text: R: 91 | Views: 1172 | Votes: 0 | Shared: 0. Leaked: 4 hours ago in Syria: 34 | Views: 979 | Votes: 0 | Shared: 3. Location: Syria | Leaked: 3 days. NORTH CAROLINA: Muslim terrorist sentenced in plot to behead witnesses. approved. By: english-patriot33 | Comments: 64 | Views: 1099 | Votes: 2 | Shared: 12. Location: North Carolina, United States | Leaked: 6 days ago in Regional News. If media covered America the way we cover foreign cultures. approved. You really need to be following the writing of Sarah Kendzior this week as she rips the major media outlets for their utter incompetence in understanding the role of race, ethnicity and nationality. By: marwan2728 | Comments: 11 | Views: 635 | Votes: 5 | Shared: 2. Location: United States | Leaked: Apr-25-2013 in World News. Search results for Ethnic War. Sort by:. Item Menu. Advertisers

textbook:
Lesson Title: Extracting Core Values from Text
Level: Primary through High School
Overview: In this lesson, students will learn how to extract core values from a given text. They will identify the main idea and supporting details, analyze the author's tone and perspective, and evaluate the credibility of the source.
Section 1: Identifying Core Values
Topic: Main Idea and Supporting Details
Objective: Students will be able to identify the main idea and supporting details in a given text.
Activity: Provide students with a paragraph and ask them to identify the main idea and supporting details. Have them summarize the paragraph in their own words.
Questions:
- What is the main idea of the paragraph?
- What are the supporting details that help to develop the main idea?
Section 2: Analyzing Tone and Perspective
Topic: Author's Tone and Perspective
Objective: Students will be able to analyze the author's tone and perspective in a given text.
Activity: Provide students with a paragraph and ask them to analyze the author's tone and perspective. Have them identify any emotional language or bias in the text.
Questions:
- What is the author's tone?
- What is the author's perspective on the topic?
- Are there any instances of emotional language or bias in the text?
Section 3: Evaluating Credibility
Topic: Credibility of the Source
Objective: Students will be able to evaluate the credibility of a source.
Activity: Provide students with a paragraph and ask them to evaluate the credibility of the source. Have them consider the author's expertise, the reliability of the information, and any potential conflicts of interest.
Questions:
- Who is the author of the paragraph?
- What is their expertise on the topic?
- Is the information reliable? Why or why not?
- Are there any potential conflicts of interest?
Glossary:
- Main Idea: The central point or thesis of a text.
- Supporting Details: Evidence or examples that support the main idea.
- Tone: The author's attitude towards the topic or audience.
- Perspective: The author's viewpoint or beliefs about the topic.
- Credibility: The trustworthiness or reliability of a source.
Conclusion: By learning how to extract core values from a text, students can improve their critical thinking and analysis skills. They will be better equipped to evaluate information and make informed decisions. These skills are applicable to various scenarios, from research papers to everyday conversations.


text: During my stay in in Adot-Tina Hotel, it was a great pleasure : Clean , quite, and well prepared meals. As such, I would like to thank you all the staff for its hospitality, generosity and great kindness. Indeed, I spent very beautiful moments. The most important thing , a sensation that I have of a living , dynamic people , thirsty to learn and take their future in hand.. - Reservation Options:. - TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Expedia, Hotels.com, Travelocity, Priceline, Agoda and Hotwire so you can book your Adot-Tina Hotel reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Reviews and Reservations

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

A review is a critical assessment of something, such as a product, service, or event. In the context of hotels, reviews are written by guests who have stayed at the hotel and share their experiences, both positive and negative. These reviews can help potential guests make informed decisions about whether or not the hotel is the right choice for them.

Reservations are a way to secure a room or service in advance. In the context of hotels, reservations are made by guests who want to guarantee a room for a specific date and time. This ensures that the guest has a place to stay and avoids the inconvenience of showing up at a hotel without a reservation only to find that there are no rooms available.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's say you are planning a trip to a new city and you want to find a hotel to stay in. You go on a website that lists hotels and see that the Adot-Tina Hotel has good reviews. The reviews mention that the staff is friendly and helpful, the rooms are clean, and the food is delicious. Based on these positive reviews, you decide to make a reservation at the Adot-Tina Hotel.

Now let's say you arrive at the hotel and check in. The staff is friendly and welcoming, just like the reviews said they would be. You notice that the room is clean and well-maintained, which is another thing that the reviews mentioned. For dinner, you decide to try the restaurant in the hotel. The food is delicious, and the waitstaff is attentive and helpful.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

Why are reviews important when choosing a hotel?
Reviews can provide valuable information about a hotel that may not be easily accessible through other means. They can give insight into the quality of the service, cleanliness of the rooms, and overall satisfaction of previous guests. This information can help potential guests make an informed decision about whether or not the hotel is the right choice for them.

What are some benefits of making a reservation at a hotel?
Making a reservation at a hotel has several benefits. Firstly, it guarantees that you will have a place to stay, which can provide peace of mind. Secondly, it can often result in a lower price than if you were to simply show up without a reservation. Finally, having a reservation ensures that the hotel will be able to accommodate you, which can be especially important during peak travel times when hotels may be fully booked.

## Glossary
- Review: A critical assessment of something, such as a product, service, or event.
- Reservation: A way to secure a room or service in advance.
- Hotel: A building where people can pay to sleep and access shared bathroom facilities.


text:
You might recall the big story in March, when cell phone inventor Martin Cooper got rid of his iPhone (gave it to his grandson) in favor of the Motorola Droid, which was one of the premier Android devices at that time. Of course, it had less to do with choosing an open platform and more to do with testing the latest and greatest devices in the mobile market. Cooper frequently points out that he always has the latest phones, mostly because people are always asking him about them.

Whatever the reasons may have been, the Android community was happy to welcome Martin Cooper to the family, and four months later, it appears he is still enjoying the experience. In March, while he was familiarizing himself with the Android OS, he reported some “favorable results.” Now, in a recent interview with CNN, when asked what phone he was carrying right now, he answered that he still carried the Droid and added, “Android phones are catching up now, and the latest version of the Android phones are every bit as good, if not better, than the iPhone.”

Of course, this isn’t news to any of us in the community, but it always means something coming from the inventor of the cell phone himself.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Mobile Devices

**Section 1: What are Mobile Devices?**
Mobile devices are portable electronic gadgets designed for personal use. They include smartphones, tablets, laptops, and other handheld gadgets that enable users to access information, communicate, and perform various tasks.

**Section 2: Why are Mobile Devices Important?**
Mobile devices are essential because they provide convenience, flexibility, and efficiency. They allow users to work, learn, and communicate from anywhere at any time. They also provide access to a vast array of applications, including social media, entertainment, and productivity tools.

**Section 3: Types of Mobile Devices**
There are several types of mobile devices, including:
- Smartphones: These are mobile phones with advanced computing capabilities, similar to those of a computer.
- Tablets: These are larger than smartphones but smaller than laptops, and they are designed for web browsing, multimedia, and light productivity tasks.
- Laptops: These are portable computers that are more powerful than tablets and smartphones.
- Wearables: These are devices worn on the body, such as smartwatches, fitness trackers, and virtual reality headsets.

**Section 4: Operating Systems**
Mobile devices run on different operating systems, including iOS, Android, Windows, and Chrome OS. These operating systems manage the device's hardware and software and provide a user interface.

**Section 5: Apps**
Apps are software programs designed for specific tasks or functions. They can be downloaded from app stores and installed on mobile devices. Examples include social media apps, games, productivity apps, and utility apps.

**Section 6: Conclusion**
Mobile devices have revolutionized the way we live, work, and interact. They provide convenience, flexibility, and efficiency, enabling us to access information, communicate, and perform various tasks from anywhere at any time. As technology continues to evolve, we can expect even more advanced and innovative mobile devices in the future.


text:
Mosaic amplification of multiple receptor tyrosine kinase genes in glioblastoma.
Tumor heterogeneity has been implicated in tumor growth and progression as well as resistance to therapy. We present an example of genetic heterogeneity in human malignant brain tumors in which multiple closely related driver genes are amplified and activated simultaneously in adjacent intermingled cells. We have observed up to three different receptor tyrosine kinases (EGFR, MET, PDGFRA) amplified in single tumors in different cells in a mutually exclusive fashion. Each subpopulation was actively dividing, and the genetic changes resulted in protein production, and coexisting subpopulations shared common early genetic mutations indicating their derivation from a single precursor cell. The stable coexistence of different clones within the same tumor will have important clinical implications for tumor resistance to targeted therapies.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Genetic Heterogeneity in Cancer

Introduction:
Cancer is a complex disease that arises from the mutation and amplification of genes that control cell growth and division. Genetic heterogeneity refers to the presence of different types of mutations or changes in the DNA sequence within a single tumor. This can lead to the activation of multiple oncogenes, which are genes that have the potential to cause cancer when they are mutated or amplified. In this lesson, we will explore the concept of genetic heterogeneity in cancer, using the example of glioblastoma, a type of brain tumor.

Section 1: What is genetic heterogeneity in cancer?

Genetic heterogeneity refers to the presence of different types of mutations or changes in the DNA sequence within a single tumor. This can result from the activation of multiple oncogenes, which can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and division. Genetic heterogeneity is thought to play a role in tumor growth, progression, and resistance to therapy.

Section 2: Example of genetic heterogeneity in glioblastoma

Researchers have found that some glioblastomas contain multiple copies of different receptor tyrosine kinase genes (EGFR, MET, and PDGFRA), which are amplified and activated simultaneously in adjacent intermingled cells. This means that different cells within the same tumor can have different genetic changes that contribute to cancer growth.

Section 3: Clinical implications of genetic heterogeneity in cancer

The presence of multiple oncogenes in a single tumor can have important clinical implications for treatment. For example, if a tumor contains multiple oncogenes that are targeted by different therapies, it may be resistant to those therapies because the different oncogenes can work together to keep the cancer cells growing. Additionally, the presence of multiple oncogenes can make it difficult to determine which genetic changes are driving the cancer, making it challenging to develop targeted therapies that specifically address those changes.

Section 4: Conclusion

Understanding genetic heterogeneity in cancer is important for developing targeted therapies that can effectively treat the disease. By studying the genetic changes that occur within tumors, researchers can identify potential targets for therapy and develop strategies to overcome resistance to treatment. Additionally, understanding the complexity of cancer at a genetic level can help clinicians make more informed decisions about treatment options for patients with different types of cancer.


text: Description. Find your gear anytime, anywhere. Reliable and durable, Tile Sport attaches to anything you don’t want to lose and helps you find it, wherever life takes you.. Waterproof : IP68 (1.5m for 30 min). Weight: 6.1 g, Size: 34 x 34 x 4.65 mm, Sound: 88 decibel melody. Technology: Bluetooth LE. [amz_corss_sell asin=”B077T4G4PX”]. Reviews. There are no reviews yet.

textbook:
Lesson: Finding Lost Items
Introduction:
Have you ever misplaced something important, like your keys or wallet? It can be frustrating and stressful, especially if you're in a hurry or need to get somewhere. In this lesson, we will learn about a device called Tile Sport that can help you find lost items easily and quickly.
Core Value:
The core value of Tile Sport is its ability to help people find lost items easily and quickly.
Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
What is Tile Sport?
Tile Sport is a small, waterproof device that uses Bluetooth technology to help you find lost items. It can be attached to anything you don't want to lose, such as keys, wallets, bags, or even pets.
How does Tile Sport work?
Tile Sport works by connecting to your smartphone via Bluetooth. When you press the button on Tile Sport to start the search, your smartphone will emit a loud sound, even if it's on silent mode. You can also use the Tile app to ring your phone, even if it's on do not disturb mode.
Section 2: Practical Examples
Why is Tile Sport useful?
Tile Sport is useful because it can help you find lost items easily and quickly. Imagine losing your keys while rushing out the door for work. With Tile Sport attached to them, all you have to do is press the button on your Tile app to start the search, and the loud sound will guide you straight to them.
Real-world scenario:
Let's say you misplaced your wallet while shopping at the mall. Instead of tearing apart your entire cart, you can use Tile Sport to find it quickly. Simply press the button on the Tile app to start the search, and the loud sound will guide you straight to your wallet.
Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions
Is Tile Sport worth the investment?
Yes, Tile Sport is worth the investment because it can save you time, money, and frustration. Losing important items can be stressful, but with Tile Sport, you can find them easily and quickly. Plus, it's affordable and durable, so you don't have to worry about replacing it often.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Tile Sport is an excellent tool for finding lost items easily and quickly. By attaching it to anything you don't want to lose, you can rest assured knowing that you'll be able to find it if it gets misplaced. So, if you're looking for a way to keep track of your belongings, consider investing in Tile Sport.
Glossary:
- Tile Sport: A small, waterproof device that uses Bluetooth technology to help you find lost items.
- Bluetooth: A wireless technology standard used for exchanging data between devices over short distances without the need for wires.
- IP68: A rating that means the device is protected against dust and can withstand being submerged in up to 1.5 meters of water for up to 30 minutes.
- Decibel: A unit used to measure the loudness of a sound or the intensity of a noise.


text: A bench comprising Chief Justice Ranjan Gogoi and Justice Deepak Gupta dismissed a plea of a Kerala-based outfit Samastha Kerala Jamiathul Ulema and said it will not like to interfere.. The Supreme Court Monday dismissed a plea challenging the Constitutional validity of an ordinance which makes the practice of ‘triple. The apex court had on March 11, refused to entertain a batch of pleas challenging re-promulgation of an ordinance which makes the practice of instant ‘triple talaq’ a punishable offence.. Read Also| SC refers to other bench plea against eviction of forest dwelling tribals in Chhattisgarh. The court was informed that the bill was passed by the Lok Sabha but it was pending in the Rajya Sabha... Get live Stock Prices from BSE and NSE and latest NAV, portfolio of Mutual Funds, calculate your tax by Income Tax Calculator, know market’s Top Gainers, Top Losers & Best Equity Funds. Like us on Facebook and follow us on Twitter.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Separation of Powers in a Democracy

Introduction:
The concept of separation of powers is essential in a democratic society. It ensures that there is a balance of power among the different branches of government, preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful. This lesson will explore the importance of separation of powers in a democracy, including its benefits and limitations.

Section 1: What is Separation of Powers?

**Definition:** Separation of powers is a system of checks and balances that divides the powers of government among different branches. It prevents any one branch from becoming too powerful by limiting its ability to influence policy decisions.

**Benefits:** There are several benefits to having a separation of powers system. First, it ensures that no single person or group has too much power. Second, it creates a system of checks and balances that prevents corruption and abuse of power. Finally, it promotes stability and predictability in government by ensuring that decisions are made through a process of compromise and negotiation.

Section 2: How Does Separation of Powers Work?

**Legislative Branch:** The legislative branch is responsible for making laws. It consists of a Senate and a House of Representatives, which work together to pass bills.

**Executive Branch:** The executive branch is responsible for enforcing laws. It is headed by the President, who is also the Commander-in-Chief of the military.

**Judicial Branch:** The judicial branch is responsible for interpreting laws and ensuring that they are applied fairly. It consists of a Supreme Court and lower courts, which decide cases based on the Constitution and statutes.

Section 3: Limitations of Separation of Powers

While separation of powers has many benefits, there are also some limitations to this system. For example, it can create gridlock and inaction when different branches of government disagree on policy decisions. Additionally, it can lead to political polarization and partisan conflict when different branches of government have different ideologies.

Section 4: Conclusion

In conclusion, separation of powers is an essential component of a healthy democracy. It ensures that no one branch of government becomes too powerful and that decisions are made through a process of compromise and negotiation. While there are some limitations to this system, the benefits far outweigh the costs. By understanding the importance of separation of powers, we can better appreciate the complexity and beauty of our political system.


text: I am a considerate, independent and responsible single person that would be the perfect candidate to mind your house, pets and/or gardens in your absence. I recently relocated from Calgary to Edmonton and want to become comfortable with the city. I am very particular about caring for home, and am moving to Edmonton to care for elderly parents. I am extremely experienced at caring for house and garden as I have owned my own home for the past twenty-five yrs, recently completing a major renovation. I would be delighted to hear from you. References available.. I am being transferred to Edmonton and want to experience different areas before commiting to purchase of own home.. A little about Runnergirl. Age. 46 - 55 years. Availability. Not Available. Occupation. Commercial Underwriter. Gender. Female. Term. 3 + Months. Runnergirl Runnergirl.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Personal Ads

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Personal ads are short advertisements that individuals place in newspapers or online platforms to find romantic partners, friends, or activities partners. These ads typically include information about the advertiser's physical appearance, interests, and personality traits.

## Section 2: Questions and Answers
1. What is the purpose of personal ads?
- The purpose of personal ads is to introduce oneself to potential romantic partners, friends, or activity partners.

2. What information is typically included in personal ads?
- Personal ads usually include information about the advertiser's physical appearance, interests, and personality traits.

3. Can anyone place a personal ad?
- Yes, anyone can place a personal ad, but some platforms may have age restrictions.

## Section 3: Practical Examples
Example 1:
"Looking for a fun-loving, outgoing person who enjoys hiking, traveling, and trying new things. Must be between 25-35 years old, have a good sense of humor, and be comfortable with cats."

Example 2:
"Single father of two seeking a kind, responsible woman who is interested in building a strong family unit. Must be willing to share custody of children and be open to developing a close relationship with them."

Example 3:
"Retired couple seeking other retired couples to travel with. Must be interested in exploring new cultures, trying new foods, and enjoying the outdoors. No pets please."

## Section 4: Real-World Scenarios
Scenario 1:
John places a personal ad looking for a partner who enjoys hiking and traveling. He receives multiple responses from people who share his interests but struggles to decide which one to meet in person. He decides to message each person and ask them a few questions to get to know them better. Based on their responses, he chooses one person to meet for coffee.

Scenario 2:
Sarah places a personal ad seeking a man who is interested in starting a family. She receives multiple responses from men who are interested in building a family but struggles to decide which one to meet in person. She decides to message each person and ask them about their parenting experience and values to get to know them better. Based on their responses, she chooses one person to meet for dinner.

## Section 5: Self-Debating Discussions
Discussion 1:
Should John have included his age range in his personal ad? Why or why not?
- Yes, he should have included his age range because it helps potential matches understand if they are a good fit based on their age preferences.

Discussion 2:
What should Sarah do if she doesn't feel a connection with any of the men she meets?
- If Sarah doesn't feel a connection with any of the men she meets, she should continue searching for a partner who shares her values and goals.

## Glossary
- Personal ads: Short advertisements that individuals place in newspapers or online platforms to find romantic partners, friends, or activity partners.
- Advertiser: The individual placing the personal ad.
- Platform: The website or newspaper where the personal ad is published.
- Restrictions: Age or other requirements that must be met to place a personal ad.
- Match: A potential romantic partner or friend who responds to the personal ad.
- Custody: The legal responsibility for caring for children.
- Culture: The customs, practices, and social behavior of a particular people or nation.
- Outdoors: Activities or events that take place outside.
- Pet: A domesticated animal kept for companionship or enjoyment.


text:
Continuing education in ethical decision making using case studies from medical social work.
Medical social workers have needs for training in ethics that is specific to dilemmas that arise while providing service to patients who are very ill, mentally compromised, or in a terminal condition. A social work department developed a continuing education training to educate social workers in bioethics related to determining decisional capacity and understanding standards of ethical decision making. Case studies are used to illustrate ethical conflicts and the role of social workers in resolving them. The benefits of case study training are discussed.

textbook:
Lesson: Ethical Decision Making in Medical Social Work
Introduction:
As a medical social worker, you will encounter various ethical dilemmas while providing care to patients who are very ill, mentally compromised, or in a terminal condition. This lesson will teach you how to make ethical decisions using case studies from medical social work.
Section 1: Understanding Ethical Decision Making
Topic 1: Determining Decisional Capacity
- What is decisional capacity?
- How do you determine if a patient has decisional capacity?
- What factors should you consider when assessing decisional capacity?
- What are the consequences of making an uninformed decision on behalf of a patient?
Topic 2: Understanding Standards of Ethical Decision Making
- What are the principles of bioethics?
- How do you apply these principles to your practice as a medical social worker?
- What are some common ethical dilemmas in medical social work?
- How do you resolve these dilemmas while maintaining patient autonomy and beneficence?
Section 2: Analyzing Case Studies
Case Study 1: A patient with dementia wants to go home, but their family disagrees.
- What are the patient's rights in this situation?
- How do you balance the patient's right to self-determination with the family's concerns for safety?
- What are the potential consequences of each decision?
Case Study 2: A patient refuses treatment, but their family wants them to receive it.
- What are the patient's rights in this situation?
- How do you balance the patient's right to self-determination with the family's desire for treatment?
- What are the potential consequences of each decision?
Section 3: Applying Ethical Decision Making to Your Practice
Topic 1: Communication
- How do you communicate effectively with patients and families about ethical dilemmas?
- What language should you use when discussing sensitive topics?
- How do you handle disagreements and conflicts?
Topic 2: Documentation
- What information should you document when faced with an ethical dilemma?
- How do you document your decision-making process?
- What information should you include in the patient's medical record?
Conclusion:
Ethical decision making is an essential skill for medical social workers. By analyzing case studies and applying the principles of bioethics, you can make informed decisions that respect patient autonomy and beneficence. Remember to communicate effectively with patients and families, and document your decision-making process thoroughly. As you continue to practice, you will become more comfortable with making ethical decisions in complex situations.
Glossary:
- Decisional capacity: the ability to make informed decisions
- Bioethics: the study of ethical issues in biology and medicine
- Autonomy: the right to self-determination
- Beneficence: acting in the best interest of the patient


text:
Enhancing effects of saccharin on gustatory responses to D-phenylalanine in monkey single chorda tympani fibers.
Taste enhancing effects of sodium saccharin (Sac) on D-phenylalanine (D-Phe), first found in mice, were examined by comparing single fiber responses to various taste stimuli in the monkey chorda tympani nerve. Fifteen fibers sampled were divided into the following 5 groups according to their responsiveness to 5 prototypical taste stimuli; 8 sucrose-, 2 quinine-, 2 acid-, 2 NaCl- and one monosodium glutamate (MSG)-best fibers. Out of 8 sucrose-best fibers, 5 fibers showed enhancement of D-Phe responses after the stimulation with Sac, but neither the remaining 3 sucrose-best fibers nor other fibers showed the enhancement. These results suggest that (1) the enhancement of D-Phe responses by Sac also occurs in the monkey peripheral taste system, and (2) there exist distinct receptor sites for D-Phe responsible for occurrence of the enhancement, and (3) taste cells possessing the D-Phe receptor site are innervated by a limited subpopulation of sucrose-best fibers.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Taste Enhancement

In this lesson, we will learn about taste enhancement, a process that increases the perception of certain tastes in our food. We will explore how taste enhancers work, why they are used, and what effects they have on our taste buds.

**Section 1: What is Taste Enhancement?**

Taste enhancement is a process that increases the perception of certain tastes in our food. It is often used to make food more appealing and enjoyable to eat. Taste enhancers can be natural or artificial, and they work by interacting with our taste buds to make certain flavors more intense.

**Section 2: How do Taste Enhancers Work?**

Taste enhancers work by interacting with our taste buds, which are located on our tongue and other parts of our mouth. There are five basic tastes that our taste buds can detect: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami (savory). Taste enhancers work by increasing the perception of one or more of these tastes.

For example, some taste enhancers work by making sweet tastes more intense, while others work by making savory tastes more pronounced. Some taste enhancers even work by blocking the perception of certain tastes, such as bitterness.

**Section 3: Why are Taste Enhancers Used?**

Taste enhancers are used for a variety of reasons. One reason is to make food more appealing and enjoyable to eat. They can help to balance out flavors and create a more well-rounded taste experience. Additionally, taste enhancers can be used to improve the shelf life of food products, as they can help to preserve the flavor of the food over time.

**Section 4: What are Some Examples of Taste Enhancers?**

There are many different types of taste enhancers, both natural and artificial. Some examples of natural taste enhancers include:

- Monosodium glutamate (MSG): This is a natural amino acid that enhances the savory taste of food.
- Citric acid: This is a natural acid that enhances the sour taste of food.
- Stevia: This is a natural sweetener that enhances the sweet taste of food.

Some examples of artificial taste enhancers include:

- Aspartame: This is an artificial sweetener that is many times sweeter than sugar.
- Acesulfame potassium: This is another artificial sweetener that is many times sweeter than sugar.
- Sucralose: This is an artificial sweetener that is made from sugar, but is not metabolized by the body.

**Section 5: Conclusion**

In this lesson, we learned about taste enhancement, how it works, why it is used, and what some examples of taste enhancers are. We also explored how taste enhancers can make food more appealing and enjoyable to eat. By understanding the science behind taste enhancement, we can better appreciate the role that these substances play in our food.

**Glossary:**

- Taste buds: Specialized sensory structures that allow us to detect different tastes in our food.
- Gustatory: Relating to the sense of taste.
- Perception: The process of becoming aware of something through our senses.
- Intensity: The strength or degree of a taste.
- Artificial: Made or produced by humans, rather than occurring naturally.
- Natural: Occurring naturally, without human intervention.


text: Filoptohos literally means “friend of the poor”. The Filopthohos of St Ioannis Parramatta consists of a group of ladies who meet on the first Wednesday of every month from 7.30 till 8.30pm. The Filoptohos fund-raises by doing cake stalls and other activities, and uses the money to help those in need, and also may one day contribute financially to some of the needs of our new Church. The Filoptohos also organises and caters for the refreshments that is offered after every Sunday Liturgy in our hall, and helps the Parish at other times as well, depending on the needs.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Philanthropy

**Introduction**

Philanthropy is the act of giving time, money, or effort to help others, often through charitable organizations. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of philanthropy and how it can make a positive impact on society.

**Section 1: What is Philanthropy?**

Philanthropy is the act of giving time, money, or effort to help others, often through charitable organizations. It is a way to show compassion and generosity towards others, especially those who are in need.

**Section 2: Why is Philanthropy Important?**

Philanthropy is important because it helps to improve the lives of people in need. It can provide food, shelter, and medical care to those who cannot afford it, and it can also help to fund research for cures to diseases. Philanthropy can also promote social change by raising awareness about important issues and encouraging people to take action.

**Section 3: How Can I Get Involved in Philanthropy?**

There are many ways to get involved in philanthropy, including volunteering, donating money, or supporting charitable organizations through your purchases. You can also advocate for causes that you believe in and encourage others to get involved as well.

**Section 4: Real-World Examples of Philanthropy**

One example of philanthropy is the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has donated billions of dollars to support education, healthcare, and other important causes. Another example is the work of Oprah Winfrey, who has used her platform to raise awareness about important issues such as sexual assault and literacy.

**Conclusion**

Philanthropy is an important part of society, as it allows us to help others and make a positive impact on the world around us. By getting involved in philanthropy, we can make a difference in the lives of those in need and promote social change.


text:
Surgery for the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The Groote Schuur Hospital experience.
Surgical division of accessory atrioventricular (AV) connections has been performed on 9 patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome at Groote Schuur Hospital. All patients had symptomatic paroxysmal tachycardia. The indication for surgery in 5 patients was poor control on antiarrhythmic drugs. Surgery was performed on a 15-year-old boy to prevent lifelong dependence on drugs, although his atrial fibrillation (ventricular rate greater than 300/min) was controllable with sotalol 1,280 mg daily. The remaining 3 patients required cardiac surgery for other indications and therefore their accessory pathways (APs) were divided concurrently. The AP was localised by pre-operative endocardial mapping and intra-operative epicardial mapping. There were 4 posteroseptal, 3 left free-wall and 2 right free-wall pathways. An endocardial approach was used to divide the pathways. All 5 free-wall APs were successfully divided without complications or recurrence. However, 1 patient with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and severe unstable angina due to coronary artery disease died unexpectedly 10 days after 4-vessel coronary bypass grafting and division of a posteroseptal AP. Postoperative complications occurred in a further 2 patients with posteroseptal APs. One patient developed complete heart block and is now asymptomatic with a DDD pacemaker, while the other had recurrence of retrograde bypass conduction postoperatively, but is now successfully controlled on sotalol. Therefore 7 of the 8 survivors are free of recurrence of tachycardia on no anti-arrhythmic drugs after a mean follow-up of 14.3 months. New insights into the surgical technique, particularly for division of posteroseptal pathways, can be expected to improve the outlook.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Cardiovascular Surgery

## Section 1: What is Cardiovascular Surgery?
Cardiovascular surgery is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and surgical treatment of diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels. It involves the use of surgical procedures to correct defects, repair damage, or improve the function of the heart and blood vessels.

## Section 2: Types of Cardiovascular Surgery
There are several types of cardiovascular surgery, including:

1. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): This procedure is used to treat coronary artery disease by bypassing blocked or narrowed arteries with healthy blood vessels.

2. Valvuloplasty: This procedure is used to repair or replace damaged heart valves.

3. Congenital heart surgery: This type of surgery is used to correct defects in the heart that are present at birth.

4. Cardiomyoplasty: This procedure involves the implantation of skeletal muscle into the heart to help improve its function.

5. Aortic surgery: This type of surgery is used to repair or replace damaged sections of the aorta.

## Section 3: How does Cardiovascular Surgery work?
During cardiovascular surgery, the surgeon makes an incision in the chest to expose the heart and blood vessels. The surgeon then performs the necessary repairs or replacements using a variety of techniques, including sewing, stapling, or attaching devices to the heart or blood vessels.

## Section 4: Risks of Cardiovascular Surgery
As with any surgery, there are risks associated with cardiovascular surgery. These risks include bleeding, infection, blood clots, and damage to the heart or blood vessels. However, these risks are generally low when the procedure is performed by an experienced surgeon.

## Section 5: Conclusion
Cardiovascular surgery is a complex and specialized field that requires extensive training and experience. However, when performed by a skilled surgeon, it can be a highly effective way to treat a variety of heart and blood vessel conditions. By understanding the basics of cardiovascular surgery, you can make an informed decision about whether this type of surgery is right for you or a loved one.


text: ancy Grossman (American, born 1940). Grossman grew up in New York State where her parents worked in the garment manufacture industry. As a teenager she also worked in the factory, an experience which informed the use of fabric and sewing in her art. Grossman was a student of Richard Lindner at the Pratt Institute in New York. Lindner became her friend and mentor, and his subject matter of women in bondage gear influenced Grossman. In 1968 she began the best-known and most striking phase of her work, making a series of sinister heads covered with black leather. Suggesting issues of power, violence and sex, these heads marked Grossman out as one of the leading feminist artists of the period. Grossman also produces collages and drawings and her work frequently refers to the male body.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Artist Profile: Nancy Grossman

Introduction:
Nancy Grossman is an American artist known for her powerful and provocative sculptures and works on paper. Her work often explores themes of power, violence, and sexuality, particularly as they relate to gender roles and the female experience. In this lesson, we will learn about Grossman's life and artistic career, and analyze some of her most famous works.

Section 1: Biography
Nancy Grossman was born in 1940 in New York City. Her parents were immigrants who worked in the garment industry. As a teenager, Grossman also worked in a factory, an experience that would later influence her art. She studied at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, where she met and was influenced by the artist Richard Lindner.

Section 2: Artistic Style
Grossman is best known for her series of sinister heads covered in black leather. These works, created in the late 1960s and early 1970s, are meant to evoke feelings of power, violence, and sex. They often feature distorted or exaggerated facial features, such as large eyes or sharp teeth. Grossman also creates collages and drawings that often depict the male body in a distorted or fragmented way.

Section 3: Analysis
Grossman's work can be seen as a commentary on the ways that gender roles and power dynamics shape our society. Her use of materials like leather and fabric, which are traditionally associated with women's clothing, highlights the ways that women are often objectified and controlled by men. Her distorted portrayals of both male and female bodies also suggest that our cultural ideals of beauty and strength are often unattainable and unhealthy.

Section 4: Conclusion
Nancy Grossman's art challenges us to think critically about the ways that gender, power, and violence intersect in our society. By creating powerful and unsettling images, she invites us to confront our own assumptions and beliefs about what it means to be a man or a woman in today's world. Through her work, we can learn to question the status quo and work towards a more equitable and just society.

Glossary:
- Artist: A person who creates art, especially paintings or sculptures
- Sculpture: A three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining materials such as stone, metal, or wood
- Collage: A piece of art made by sticking cut-out pieces of paper, fabric, or other materials onto a surface
- Drawing: A form of visual art that involves making marks on a surface to create an image
- Ideal: A standard or model of perfection or excellence
- Objectification: The act of treating someone or something as an object rather than a subject with its own rights and dignity
- Distortion: The act of changing or altering something so that it becomes twisted or misrepresented

Glossary:
- Artist: A person who creates art, especially paintings or sculptures
- Sculpture: A three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining materials such as stone, metal, or wood
- Collage: A piece of art made by sticking cut-out pieces of paper, fabric, or other materials onto a surface
- Drawing: A form of visual art that involves making marks on a surface to create an image
- Ideal: A standard or model of perfection or excellence
- Objectification: The act of treating someone or something as an object rather than a subject with its own rights and dignity
- Distortion: The act of changing or altering something so that it becomes twisted or misrepresented


text: Many students enter college with an interest in studying science and even contemplate careers in biomedical and behavioral sciences. However, after enrolling in a few college-level science courses, these students often decide to pursue other majors. This issue, which is particularly salient for underrepresented minorities (URMs), is often termed the 'leaky pipeline.'Research on the 'leaky pipeline'indicates that early undergraduate research experiences and enriched curricular opportunities are important factors in enhancing students'interest in science and their perceived confidence in science (e.g., motivational beliefs). The current application builds on this prior work to examine the effectiveness of an intervention specifically targeting motivational self- beliefs for increasing college students'(especially URMs) pursuit of biomedical/behavioral research careers. The proposed intervention is based on our previously successful high school program called "Launch into Education About Pharmacology" (LEAP), which includes a summer enrichment course and a self-generated research experience. Our intervention also addresses 'stereotype threat'by including an incremental ability component to buoy perceived competence, interest, and achievement of URMs. The overall goal of our research is to identify the specific features and associated underlying psychological processes that are critical in creating effective interventions to encourage college students'pursuit of biomedical and behavioral science research careers. To achieve this goal, we have four specific aims: (1) evaluate the effect of participating in the LEAP summer course on science-related motivational beliefs, achievement, and career-related beliefs/choices, (2) evaluate the added benefit of the LEAP self-generated research experience for supporting science-related motivational beliefs, achievement, and career-related beliefs/choices, (3) evaluate the effect of fostering incremental ability beliefs on science-related motivational beliefs, achievement, and career-related beliefs/choices for URMs, and (4) examine the underlying psychological processes (e.g., motivation) that explain why the LEAP interventions and incremental ability treatment alter students'science achievement and career-related beliefs/choices. We examine both immediate and long-term (into the first year after college graduation) effects of participating in the LEAP program (relative to a no-treatment control group) in a sample of 960 Duke University freshmen. To examine the relative impact of (1) a self-generated research experience and (2) an incremental ability treatment, we use a 2 x 2 experimental design within the LEAP treatment. Our proposed work will inform educators and policy makes about specific elements that are critical in designing interventions to encourage college students'pursuit of biomedical/behavioral research careers. The assessment of key psychological variables through which our intervention operates will provide an enhanced, more nuanced understanding of what makes these interventions successful. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This research will provide administrators and science faculty with evidence regarding specific educational/psychological elements that can be incorporated into existing programs/courses to increase students'pursuit of biomedical/behavioral research careers. We expect to show that coupling an early, self- generated research experience with a science enrichment program is critical for supporting the pathway into biomedical/behavioral sciences. Moreover, we will inform the educational community that this experience can help build motivational beliefs that are critical for supporting science achievement and entry into a research career, especially among underrepresented minorities.

textbook:
Lesson Title: The Leaky Pipeline in Science

Introduction:
The leaky pipeline in science refers to the phenomenon where many students who initially show interest in pursuing a career in science eventually drop out. This issue is particularly concerning for underrepresented minorities (URMs) who are already underrepresented in the field of science. In this lesson, we will explore the reasons behind the leaky pipeline and discuss ways to address this issue.

Section 1: Understanding the Leaky Pipeline

Topic 1: Why do students drop out of science?
- Lack of motivation
- Difficulty in coursework
- Limited access to resources
- Lack of role models
- Negative stereotypes about science careers

Topic 2: The impact of the leaky pipeline
- Loss of talented individuals from the scientific workforce
- Limited diversity in science fields
- Reduced innovation and creativity

Activity: Discussion
- Ask students to share their thoughts on why they think students drop out of science.
- Encourage students to brainstorm ways to address the issues discussed in Topic 1.

Section 2: Enhancing Motivation in Science

Topic 1: The importance of early research experiences
- Research experiences can increase interest in science and enhance self-confidence
- Providing opportunities for underrepresented minorities to participate in research can help address the leaky pipeline

Topic 2: Strategies for enhancing motivation
- Provide mentorship and support for students pursuing science careers
- Highlight the real-world applications of science and its impact on society
- Expose students to diverse role models in science

Activity: Role-playing
- Divide students into groups and assign each group a scenario where they must advise a student who is considering dropping out of science.
- Each group must use the strategies discussed in Topic 2 to motivate the student to continue pursuing science.

Section 3: Applying Skills to New Problems

Topic 1: Transferring skills to other areas
- Students who study science develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills that can be applied to other fields
- Understanding the scientific process can help individuals make informed decisions about healthcare, environment, and technology

Topic 2: Addressing the leaky pipeline in other fields
- The leaky pipeline phenomenon is not limited to science; it occurs in other fields such as engineering and technology
- Addressing the leaky pipeline in science can serve as a model for addressing the issue in other fields

Activity: Reflection
- Ask students to reflect on how the skills they have learned in science can be applied to other areas of their lives.
- Encourage students to think about how they can contribute to addressing the leaky pipeline in other fields.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding the leaky pipeline in science and its impact on society is crucial for addressing the issue. By providing early research experiences, mentorship, and support, we can enhance motivation and confidence in students pursuing science careers. By applying critical thinking and problem-solving skills to other areas, students can contribute to society in meaningful ways. By addressing the leaky pipeline in science, we can inspire future generations to pursue careers in science and technology.


text: These Days Are Good For the Canadian Conservative Youth Party Alliance By: Martin Tielli Transcribed by Lee Ferreira Intro: unknown ( D...D/B...GaddD...A ) x4 Part #1: D D/B GaddD D These days are good for the Canadian Conservative Youth Party Alliance D G D D/A D These days could be good for us (continue w/ this) Part #2: D G D G D when the sun comes up on the flat edmonton streets, you will seek normal G D G pleasures (continue alternating between D and G) Part #3 G A D G I chipped my eyetooth on the back of a urinal G A D...D/B...G...A I'll just snip your life with precision of a tailor man (Part 1) Listen to the song to get the rhythem of Dave's guitar. And be sure to accent on the roots of the chords (ie. D...B...G....A before the verses). But basically, the song centres around the D chord, with some G's and A's thrown in.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Learning Guitar Chords and Strumming Patterns

Introduction:
Learning guitar is a fun and rewarding experience. In this lesson, we will focus on learning guitar chords and strumming patterns. We will use the song "These Days" by The National as an example to learn how to play guitar.

Part 1: Basic Guitar Chords
The first step in learning guitar is to learn the basic chords. The song "These Days" uses the following chords: D, G, and A. Here are the diagrams for these chords:

```
|---|---|---|
|X2|X0|X0|
|---|---|---|
|3 0 0 3|
```

D Chord: Place your index finger on the second fret of the third string (G string), your middle finger on the second fret of the fifth string (A string), and your ring finger on the second fret of the fourth string (D string). Strum all strings.

```
|---|---|---|
|X2|X0|X0|
|---|---|---|
|3 0 0 3|
```

G Chord: Place your index finger on the third fret of the fifth string (A string), your middle finger on the third fret of the fourth string (D string), and your ring finger on the third fret of the third string (G string). Strum all strings.

```
|---|---|---|
|X0|X2|X0|
|---|---|---|
|3 0 0 3|
```

A Chord: Place your index finger on the second fret of the fifth string (A string), your middle finger on the second fret of the fourth string (D string), and your ring finger on the second fret of the third string (G string). Strum all strings.

```
|---|---|---|
|X0|X0|X2|
|---|---|---|
|0 3 0 3|
```

Practice changing between these chords slowly at first, then gradually increase your speed. Make sure to keep your fingers close to the frets to avoid muting the strings.

Part 2: Strumming Patterns
Once you are comfortable with the chords, it's time to learn the strumming pattern. The song "These Days" uses a simple downstroke pattern:

```
D D U U D U
```

This means to strum the strings downwards (D) four times, then upwards (U) twice, then downwards (D) twice, then upwards (U) twice. Practice this pattern until you can do it smoothly and consistently.

Part 3: Playing the Song
Now that you know the chords and strumming pattern, let's put it all together. Here are the lyrics and chords for the verse of "These Days":

```
D G D G
These days are good for the Canadian Conservative Youth Party Alliance
D D/B G D
These days could be good for us
D G D G
when the sun comes up on the flat edmonton streets, you will seek normal
D D/A D
pleasures
```

Play the chords and strum the pattern as shown above. Make sure to switch chords smoothly and keep a steady rhythm.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned the basics of playing guitar, including chords and strumming patterns. We used the song "These Days" as an example to practice these skills. With consistent practice, you will be able to play other songs as well. Keep exploring and experimenting with different chords and strumming patterns to develop your own style.


text: Officials say anyone who was in five locations in Mill Woods, a neighbourhood in southeast Edmonton, at specific times earlier in March, may be at risk of developing the contagious disease, which is spread through the air.. The locations are a pharmacy, dental clinic, two medical clinics and a medical lab in Millbourne Shopping Centre.. Health officials say people who haven't been vaccinated against measles or who haven't had the disease are at the highest risk.. Symptoms of measles include fever, cough, runny nose or red eyes, and a red blotchy rash that appears three to seven days after fever starts.. The rash typically begins behind the ears and on the face, spreading down to the body, and finally to the arms and legs.. There is no cure for measles, but it can be prevented with vaccination.. Note to readers: This is a corrected story. A previous version said times in June.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Measles

Introduction:
Measles is a highly contagious disease caused by the measles virus. It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. In this lesson, we will learn about the symptoms, transmission, prevention, and treatment of measles.

Section 1: Symptoms and Transmission

**Symptoms:** The symptoms of measles include fever, cough, runny nose or red eyes, and a red blotchy rash that appears three to seven days after fever starts. The rash typically begins behind the ears and on the face, spreading down to the body, and finally to the arms and legs.

**Transmission:** Measles is highly contagious and spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. People who haven't been vaccinated against measles or who haven't had the disease are at the highest risk.

Section 2: Prevention and Treatment

**Prevention:** Measles can be prevented with vaccination. The measles vaccine is safe and effective, and it is recommended that children receive two doses of the vaccine, one at 12 months of age and another at 4 to 6 years of age.

**Treatment:** There is no cure for measles, but it can be treated with rest, fluids, and medication to reduce fever and pain. Complications from measles can be serious and may include pneumonia, encephalitis (swelling of the brain), and death.

Section 3: Real-World Examples and Self-Debating Discussions

**Real-World Examples:** In 2019, there were 1,282 cases of measles in the United States, the highest number of cases since 1992. The outbreaks were mainly in communities with low vaccination rates.

**Self-Debating Discussions:** Should parents be allowed to choose not to vaccinate their children? Is it fair to require vaccinations for school entry?

Glossary:
- Measles: A contagious disease caused by the measles virus.
- Vaccination: The process of introducing a vaccine into the body to produce immunity to a specific disease.
- Immunity: The ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin.

Conclusion:
Measles is a serious disease that can cause severe complications. By understanding the symptoms, transmission, prevention, and treatment of measles, we can take steps to protect ourselves and our communities. Remember to get vaccinated if you haven't already!