text:
The chemistry of spinach: the iron myth and ‘spinach teeth’

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“Spinach is a good source of iron” – a myth, but a surprisingly persistent one. The story behind the myth and the chemistry that debunks it are fascinating. Here we look at both, as well as the chemical explanation behind the ‘spinach teeth’ phenomenon.

Let’s start with the ‘good source of iron’ myth. If the myth itself wasn’t enough, its origins also have their own sub-myth. The story goes that the iron content of spinach was overestimated by a factor of ten in the early 1900s due to a misplaced decimal point in a scientific paper. It’s a fantastic tale, but unfortunately, one that’s a complete falsehood. The full story of the investigation of this myth can be found here.

Another victim of the myth was the cartoon character Popeye, who famously ate spinach. The perception that the original comic strips promoted his consumption of spinach for its iron content is an incorrect one. His creator, Elzie Segar, actually chose spinach for its high vitamin A content.

Even without any decimal point errors, it’s easy to understand how the myth of spinach being a good source of iron originated. Spinach’s iron content actually trumps that of many other vegetables. It clocks in at approximately 2.6 milligrams of iron per 100 grams (according to the USDA food composition database). That exceeds the amount of iron found in some types of meat, with the amount of iron found in beef sirloin steak coming in at around 2.5 milligrams per 100 grams.

However, the full story isn’t quite so simple. To start with, iron can be found in different forms in food. In meat, iron is commonly found in the form of haem iron, which is easily absorbed in the body. In vegetables, on the other hand, the iron content is non-haem iron. This isn’t absorbed as easily by the body, and other factors can impact on its absorption.

When taking this into account, we can refine the figures for comparing spinach and meat. Only about 1.7% of the non-haem iron in spinach is absorbed when we eat it. That means that the 2.6 milligrams of iron per 100 grams only translates into a paltry 0.044 milligrams of iron absorbed. Compare this to our sirloin steak, from which approximately 20% of the available iron is absorbed. That’s 0.50 milligrams from the original 2.5 milligrams per 100 grams.

There are still good reasons to eat spinach, even if it’s not for the iron content. It’s particularly high in vitamin A precursor compounds called carotenoids. Vitamin A is important for our eyesight and immune system, amongst other things. Beta-carotene is an example carotenoid, well known as the chemical that gives carrots their orange colour. It doesn’t give spinach the same colouration as the green of chlorophyll masks it.

Oxalic acid might not have much to do with the absorption of spinach’s iron content, but it does play a part in one of the consequences of eating spinach. You might have experienced the so-called ‘spinach teeth’ effect. This is a kind of ‘chalky’ feeling on the surface of your teeth after eating spinach.

The effect is due to the oxalic acid in spinach forming calcium oxalate by reacting with calcium ions in saliva and in the spinach. The calcium oxalate is insoluble and coats your teeth to give the ‘chalky’ effect. Rhubarb is another oxalic acid-containing plant which can cause a similar effect.

Please note: none of the graphics on this site are intended for a specific chemistry syllabus, and it should not be assumed that they comprehensively cover any portion of required content for particular qualifications.

The Compound Interest Book

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textbook:
ntent is not insignificant, but it’s not as high as many other vegetables. For example, cooked spinach contains around 2.71mg of iron per 100g, while cooked lamb contains around 23.8mg per 100g. So, if you’re looking for a food high in iron, spinach isn’t the best choice.

But what about the ‘spinach teeth’ phenomenon? This is where things get really interesting from a chemical perspective. The green pigment in spinach leaves is called chlorophyll. When we eat spinach, the chlorophyll reacts with the bacteria in our mouths to produce a dark, black-green colour. This is because the chlorophyll binds to the iron in the bacteria, forming a complex that’s much easier to see.

This reaction is actually quite useful. It’s been suggested that the ability to detect the presence of iron in our food may have played a role in human evolution. In areas where iron deficiency is common, being able to identify foods rich in iron could have helped our ancestors avoid anaemia.

So, while spinach might not be a great source of iron, it’s still a delicious and nutritious vegetable. And if you do happen to notice some ‘spinach teeth’ after eating it, don’t worry – it’s completely harmless and just a bit of fun!

Lesson: Chemistry of Spinach - Iron Myth and 'Spinach Teeth'

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the chemistry behind the iron myth and the 'spinach teeth' phenomenon. We will examine the truth behind the claim that spinach is a good source of iron and investigate the chemical reaction that causes the black-green staining on our teeth after eating spinach.

Section 1: Iron Myth
Topic 1: The Iron Myth Debunked
- Discuss the myth that spinach is a good source of iron
- Explain the scientific investigation that revealed the error in the original research
- Analyze the impact of the myth on public perception

Topic 2: Iron Content in Food
- Compare the iron content of spinach to other foods
- Identify foods that are higher in iron content
- Discuss the importance of consuming a variety of iron-rich foods

Section 2: Spinach Teeth
Topic 1: Chlorophyll Reaction
- Define chlorophyll and its role in plants
- Describe the chemical reaction between chlorophyll and iron in our mouths
- Explain why this reaction is more visible on our teeth

Topic 2: Evolutionary Significance
- Discuss the theory that the ability to detect iron in our food may have played a role in human evolution
- Explain how identifying iron-rich foods could have helped our ancestors avoid anemia
- Analyze the potential implications of this theory for modern society

Section 3: Practical Examples
Topic 1: Real-World Scenarios
- Apply the lessons learned in this chapter to real-world scenarios
- Discuss the importance of fact-checking scientific claims
- Analyze the impact of myths and misconceptions on public health

Topic 2: Mathematical Abstractions
- Use mathematical models to calculate the iron content of different foods
- Apply these models to create a balanced diet that meets daily iron requirements
- Evaluate the effectiveness of different dietary strategies for improving iron intake

Conclusion:
In conclusion, while spinach might not be the best source of iron, it remains a nutritious and delicious vegetable. Understanding the chemistry behind the iron myth and the 'spinach teeth' phenomenon can help us make informed decisions about our diet and overall health. By applying the lessons learned in this chapter, we can develop a deeper appreciation for the role of science in our lives and the importance of critical thinking in evaluating information.


text: Caramel Ombre Remy Clip In Hair Extensions (40:60). Brand: Forever Young. Type: 100% Human Hair. Style: Straight. Colour: Medium Brown to Golden Blonde (#3/27). Combination: 40:60. Length: 18". Amount: 1 x 8" piece (3 clips attached). 1 x 4" piece (2 clips attached). 4x 1.5" pieces (1 clip per piece attached). Weight: 35g (excluding clips). Add a touch of celebrity style to your hair, with these caramel ombre remy clip in hair extensions from the Forever Young Celebrity Look collection. In a medium brown to golden blonde (40/60) colour proportion, this ombre half head set of hair is perfect for adding a little colour, volume and length to your natural hair. Made from 100% human hair these straight extensions come in a pack of six pieces.. An 8" piece with 3 clips, a 4" piece with 2 clips and 4 x 1.5" pieces each with one clip, for quick and easy application. Order here online from our UK warehouse before 2pm and we will dispatch your extensions the same day.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Algebra

### Section 1: What is Algebra?
Algebra is a branch of mathematics that deals with the study of abstract symbols and their manipulation according to rules. It is used to solve problems involving quantities, such as the number of hair extensions in the example above. Algebra uses variables to represent unknown values, and it involves operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

### Section 2: Understanding Variables and Equations
Variables are letters or symbols that represent unknown values in an equation. For example, in the sentence "I have 4 hair extensions," "4" is a variable representing the number of hair extensions. An equation is a statement that uses variables and mathematical operations to show the relationship between two or more values. For instance, "4x + 2 = 18" is an equation where "x" is the variable representing the number of hair extensions.

### Section 3: Solving Equations
To solve an equation, you need to find the value of the variable that makes the equation true. This is called the solution. There are different methods to solve equations, such as substitution, elimination, and graphing. In the example above, you can solve for "x" by subtracting 2 from both sides of the equation, giving you "4x = 16." Then, you can divide both sides by 4 to get "x = 4," which is the solution.

### Glossary:
- Variable: A letter or symbol representing an unknown value in an equation.
- Equation: A statement that uses variables and mathematical operations to show the relationship between two or more values.
- Solution: The value of the variable that makes an equation true.

### Conclusion:
Understanding algebra is essential for solving problems involving quantities, such as the number of hair extensions in the example above. By learning how to work with variables and equations, you can develop critical thinking skills and apply them to new problems.


text:
In honor of TRANSGENERATION on Sundance Channel, we wanted to curate a screening list of the best transgender-themed flicks out there. In order to make our list, the films in question had to feature a sympathetic portrayal of a transgendered character in a leading role — hence Psycho and Silence of the Lambs did not make the cut. No, the following films are all thoughtful, moving depictions of people struggling through life — people who are human first, transgendered second.

1. Orlando (1992)
Of all the films in this Top 10, this is the most figurative interpretation of transexuality: Sally Potter’s adaptation of Virginia Woolf’s novel of the same name follows the immortal life of a young nobleman in Elizabethan times who, a few centuries later, wakes up one morning as a woman. Deliciously androgynous Tilda Swinton plays the title character and British dandy Quentin Crisp, the “queen of queens,” plays an elderly Queen Elizabeth I. While it wasn’t widely embraced at the time of its release, its visually stunning examination of gender identity earned a theatrical rerelease in 2010 by Sony Pictures Classics.

2. Normal (2003)
This HBO film starring powerhouses Jessica Lange and Tom Wilkinson tells the story of a married man who, after 25 years of marriage, wants to undergo sexual reassignment surgery. It became an official selection at the Sundance Film Festival that year and was nominated for a bunch of Golden Globes and Emmys. According to IMDB, “Tom Wilkinson chose not to do any research into the subject of transgenderism, as he felt that a mid-Western farmer wouldn’t know anything about the subject either.”

3. The Crying Game (1992)
While it’s been criticized for reinforcing societal norms rather than challenging them (since we never really get inside the heart and mind of Dil, the transgendered character), THE CRYING GAME made the cut for this list because of its critical acclaim. It was nominated for all the Oscar biggies — Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor (for Dil’s portrayal), Best Original Screenplay — and won for its script. Kind of a big deal for a movie with a transgendered main character made over 20 years ago, in 1992. Plus, the movie song of the same title was recorded by Boy George, one of the greatest gender-benders of all time.

4. Breakfast on Pluto (2005)
Neil Jordan, who directed THE CRYING GAME, adapted this novel for the screen and cast Cillian Murphy as Patrick “Kitten” Braden, an Irish transgendered kid coming of age in 1970s London. Also starring Liam Neeson and Stephen Rea (natch), the film was nominated for Golden Globe’s Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy, and won Best Actor, Best Script and Best Director at The Irish Film & Television Awards.

Felicity Huffman of DESPERATE HOUSEWIVES fame received a lot of praise — including an Oscar nomination and a Golden Globe nomination for best actress — for her portrayal of a pre-operative transsexual woman on a road trip with her long-lost son. In an interview with TotalFilm.com, she admitted to calling her prosthetic penis “Andy.”

6. Beautiful Boxer (2004)
Based on a true story, Beautiful Boxer follows a lipstick-loving, flower-wearing young boy into adulthood as he becomes a brutally effective Thai boxing sensation who unnerves his opponents with his pre-fight make-up applications. The male kickboxer Asanee Suwan, who played the lead, won the Thai version of the “Oscar” for Best Actor.

7. Boys Don’t Cry (1992)
One of the most well-known, well-received movies of the past several decades with a transgendered character at its center. With powerful performances from Hilary Swank and Chloe Sevigny, this movie really makes a convincing case for wider acceptance and tolerance of sexual diversity. If you see only one movie on this list, this is the one (though we’d be surprised—maybe even a little appalled—if you haven’t seen it already).

8. Breakfast on Pluto (2005)
Neil Jordan, who directed The Crying Game, adapted this novel for the screen and cast Cillian Murphy as Patrick “Kitten” Braden, an Irish transgendered kid coming of age in 1970s London. Also starring Liam Neeson and Stephen Rea (‘natch), the movie was nominated for Golden Globe’s Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy, and won Best Actor, Best Script and Best Director at The Irish Film & Television Awards.

9. Ma Vie En Rose (1997)
This Belgian movie, a.k.a. My Life In Pink, tells the story of a young boy who just wants to be who she is. Winner of the Golden Globe for Best Foreign Language Film, the movie got a freaking R-rating by the infamously conservative (and apparently transphobic) Motion Picture Association of America for “brief strong language”—yeah, right.

9. Hedwig and the Angry Inch (2001)
Kind of like Rocky Horror Picture Show—in its originality, visual zaniness, kickass soundtrack and cult following—but with much more heart and a lot less axe murdering (although appendages do get chopped off). This movie musical based on the stage musical of the same name was adapted and directed by John Cameron Mitchell, who also starred as the lead. It won the Best Director and Audience Awards at the Sundance Film Festival as well as Best Directorial Debut from the National Board of Review, the Gotham Awards, and the Los Angeles Film Critics Association. Mitchell received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor and the Premiere magazine “Performance of the Year Award.”

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Gender Identity Through Film

Introduction:
Gender identity is a complex concept that refers to a person's internal sense of being male, female, or something else entirely. It is an essential aspect of human identity, and understanding it can help us empathize with others and create inclusive environments. In this lesson, we will explore the topic of gender identity through the lens of film. We will analyze the portrayal of transgender characters in movies and discuss the importance of representing diverse identities on screen.

Section 1: Defining Gender Identity

**Definition:** Gender identity refers to a person's internal sense of being male, female, or something else entirely. It is a fundamental aspect of a person's identity and is shaped by various factors, including social, cultural, and biological influences.

**Discussion:** Can you think of any other factors that might influence a person's gender identity? How does society contribute to the formation of gender identity?

Section 2: Representation of Transgender Characters in Film

**Orlando (1992):** This film, directed by Sally Potter, is based on the novel by Virginia Woolf. It tells the story of a young nobleman who becomes a woman after centuries of living as a man. The protagonist, played by Tilda Swinton, undergoes a gender transformation throughout the movie.

**Normal (2003):** This HBO film stars Jessica Lange and Tom Wilkinson. It follows the story of Ray, a transgender man who struggles to come out to his wife and daughter. The film explores the challenges faced by transgender individuals and their families.

**Discussion:** How do these films portray the experiences of transgender individuals? What messages do they convey about gender identity?

Section 3: Importance of Representing Diverse Identities in Film

**Explanation:** Representation in media is crucial because it helps shape public opinion and understanding of marginalized communities. When diverse identities are represented accurately and sensitively, it can help break down barriers and promote empathy.

**Discussion:** Why is it important to represent diverse identities in film? How can movies contribute to social change?

Glossary:
- Transgender: A term used to describe people whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth.
- Gender identity: A person's internal sense of being male, female, or something else entirely.

Conclusion:
Understanding gender identity is essential for creating inclusive environments and promoting empathy. Through the analysis of films that portray transgender characters, we can gain insights into the experiences of people with diverse identities. By representing diverse identities in film, we can contribute to social change and promote understanding.


text:
Union schlägt Ingolstadt mit 2:1 Erster Auswärtsdreier:

Der 1. FC Union Berlin gewinnt zum ersten Mal auf fremdem Platz und besiegt den FC Ingolstadt 04 verdient mit 2:1. Für die Eisernen trafen Andersson per Elfmeter (43.) und Gogia (74.), Stefan Kutschke brachte den FCI nochmal per Elfmeter ran (80.), am Ende war das aber nur Ergebniskosmetik.

FC Ingolstadt:

Knaller – Ananou, Lucas Galvao – Pledl, Gimber, Kittel (63. Röcher), Kerschbaumer, Paulo Otavio – Benschop (67. Kutschke), Lezcano (46. Osawe)

1. FC Union Berlin:

Gikiewicz – Trimmel, Friedrich, Hübner, Reichel – Prömel, Schmiedebach, Kroos (71. Zulj)– Gogia (74. Hedlund), Andersson (84. Polter), Hartel

Schiedsrichter: Bastian Dankert, Markus Häcker, Henry Müller, Asmir Osmanagic

Zuschauer: 7068

Tore: 0:1 Andersson (43. FE), 0:2 Gogia (73.), 1:2 Kutschke (80.)

Im Gegensatz zum 2:0-Erfolg gegen Holstein Kiel veränderte Union-Coach Urs Fischer seine Startelf in Ingolstadt auf drei Positionen. Ken Reichel, Felix Kroos und Marcel Hartel rutschten für Christopher Lenz, Robert Zulj und Simon Hedlund in die Anfangsformation. Von Beginn an dominierten die Eisernen das Geschehen im Audi-Sportpark und ließen den verunsichert wirkenden Hausherren kaum Luft zum Atmen. Sebastian Andersson setzte einen Schuss aus spitzem Winkel knapp am langen Pfosten vorbei (7.), immer wieder erarbeiteten sich die Unioner hochkarätige Standardmöglichkeiten. Innenverteidiger Marvin Friedrich stieg in der elften Minute nach einer Trimmel-Ecke am höchsten, sein Kopfball senkte sich jedoch knapp über die Latte. Marco Knaller im Tor der Ingolstädter parierte im Nachfassen einen Abschluss von Akaki Gogia. Trotz aller Bemühungen schaffte es Union jedoch nicht, die Überlegenheit in Zählbares umzumünzen, so dass die Schanzer nach etwa dreißig Minuten etwas besser ins Spiel kamen. Trotzdem behielt Union die Oberhand und drängte weiter auf die Führung. Kurz vor der Pause brachte Lezcano Florian Hübner im Strafraum der Hausherren zu Fall, Schiedsrichter Dankert zögerte nicht und zeigte auf den Punkt. Sebastian Andersson schnappt sich die Kugel und verwandelte per Strafstoß zur mehr als verdienten Pausenführung.

Alexander Nouri wechselte zur Pause und brachte Osayamen Osawe für den glücklosen Lezcano auf den Platz. Die Eisernen machten unverändert weiter. Ingolstadt trat nun etwas mutiger auf, eine schnittige Osawe-Flanke fand jedoch keinen Abnehmer. Nach einem Ballverlust im Mittelfeld setzte Kroos Gogia auf der rechten Seite in Szene, am linken Pfosten verpasste Sebastian Andersson das zweite Tor nur knapp (58.). Sonny Kittel versuchte sein Glück per Freistoß von halbrechts, setzte den Ball jedoch einige Zentimeter zu hoch an. Die Partie wurde nun umkämpfter, beide Teams warfen sich in die Zweikämpfe und schenkten sich nichts. Knapp 15 Minuten vor dem Ende sorgte Akaki Gogia für den umjubelten Treffer zum 2:0 (73.). Marcel Hartel hatte den Flügelstürmer in Szene gesetzt, Gogia verwandelte trocken von der Strafraumkante. Die erhoffte Ruhe brachte der zweite Treffer der Eisernen jedoch nicht, da auch die Hausherren einen Strafstoß zugesprochen bekamen. Kapitän Trimmel hatte Röcher im Sechzehner zu Fall gebracht, der eingewechselte Kutschke ließ Gikiewicz im Tor der Eisernen keine Chance (80.). In den letzten zehn Minuten warfen die Oberbayern noch einmal alles nach vorn und agierten mit vielen langen Bällen in die Spitze. Unions Defensive zeigte sich jedoch stabil, so dass die Eisernen die Führung über die Zeit brachten

„Wir waren heute von Anfang an bereit für die Aufgabe, auch wenn die Vorbereitung im Vorfeld nicht ganz so einfach war. Wenn der Gegner kurz vor dem Spiel den Trainer wechselt, weißt du nicht genau was dich erwartet. Wir waren aber von der ersten Minute an wach und dominant, haben uns einige gute Chancen erspielt und sind verdient in Führung gegangen. Vielleicht war das Resultat nach den Möglichkeiten und Spielanteilen zur Pause zu niedrig. Die zweite Halbzeit war ausgeglichener, da hat auch Ingolstadt gedrückt. Das 2:0 war für uns wichtig, wir wollten das Tor und sind drangeblieben. Bei langen Bällen hatten wir zum Schluss das Wettkampfglück auf unserer Seite, über 90 Minuten war es aus meiner Sicht aber ein hochverdienter Sieg“, so das Fazit von Urs Fischer nach der Partie.

Am kommenden Sonntag, dem 07.10.2018 trifft der 1. FC Union Berlin im Rahmen des 9. Spieltags der 2. Bundesliga auf den 1. FC Heidenheim. Der Anpfiff gegen die Elf von Trainer Frank Schmidt erfolgt um 13:30 Uhr.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Football (Soccer)

### Chapter 1: Overview of Football

Football, also known as soccer, is a popular sport played by millions of people around the world. It is a team sport that involves two teams of eleven players each, with the goal of scoring more points than the opposing team.

### Chapter 2: Understanding the Game

The game of football is played on a rectangular field called a pitch. The pitch is divided into two halves, each with a goal at each end. The objective of the game is to score goals by kicking the ball into the opponent's net. The team with the most goals at the end of the match wins.

### Chapter 3: Positions and Roles

Each team has eleven players on the field at one time, including a goalkeeper. The positions on the field include forwards, midfielders, and defenders. Forwards are responsible for scoring goals, midfielders help control the flow of the game, and defenders protect the goal.

### Chapter 4: How to Play

Football is started with a kickoff, where one team passes the ball to a teammate from the center of the field. After that, the game is in play, and the players must follow a set of rules to move the ball up and down the field. These rules include no handballs (using your hands to touch the ball), no offsides (being in an offensive position when the ball is not), and no fouls (illegal contact or movements).

### Chapter 5: Scoring Goals

A goal is scored when the ball crosses the goal line between the goalposts and under the crossbar. The team with the most goals at the end of the match wins.

### Chapter 6: Tactics and Strategies

Football teams use various tactics and strategies to outsmart their opponents. Some common tactics include passing the ball around to keep possession, dribbling the ball to move past defenders, and shooting the ball towards the goal.

### Chapter 7: Practice Exercises

1. Watch a football match and identify the positions and roles of the players.
2. Practice dribbling the ball with your feet and keeping possession of it.
3. Try taking shots on goal from different angles and distances.

### Conclusion

Football is a fun and exciting sport that requires skill, strategy, and teamwork. By understanding the rules, positions, and tactics, you can become a better player and enjoy the game even more.


text: I have owned the domain name jobTV.com since 1999. Yesterday I accepted a bid from a large job board for the domain name jobTV.com which meets my reserve price. As a result, in 7 days, the domain name will be sold to them, or to the highest bidder.. If you are interested in this domain name, please contact me and I will give you the current price and you can make a bid if interested.. In 7 days, whoever has the highest bid, will get the name because the reserve has been met. So far, I have just the one bid.. Thanks.. UPDATE:. The domain name has been sold and transferred to the new owner.. Views: 81. Replies are closed for this discussion.. © 2013 Created by Lance Haun.. Badges | Report an Issue | Terms of Service

textbook:
**Lesson: Domain Name Auction**

**Introduction**

In today's digital age, domain names have become an essential part of any business or personal website. A domain name is the unique address that identifies a website on the internet. In this lesson, we will learn about domain name auctions and how they work.

**Main Topics**

1. What is a Domain Name Auction?
2. How does a Domain Name Auction work?
3. Types of Domain Names
4. Tips for Buying Domain Names at Auction
5. Conclusion

**Section 1: What is a Domain Name Auction?**

A domain name auction is an event where multiple parties bid for a particular domain name. The highest bidder wins the domain name at the end of the auction. Domain name auctions are conducted online, and participants can bid from anywhere in the world.

**Section 2: How does a Domain Name Auction work?**

Domain name auctions follow a specific process, which includes:

1. Pre-registration: Interested parties register their interest in the domain name auction.
2. Auction Listing: The domain name is listed for auction, and participants can view the details of the domain name.
3. Bidding: Participants place their bids for the domain name.
4. Bidding War: Participants continue to bid until the domain name reaches its reserve price.
5. Sale: The highest bidder wins the domain name and pays for it.

**Section 3: Types of Domain Names**

There are several types of domain names, including:

1. Generic Top-Level Domains (gTLDs): These are the most common domain names, such as .com, .org, and .edu.
2. Country Code Top-Level Domains (ccTLDs): These are domain names that represent a specific country, such as .us or .uk.
3. New gTLDs: These are newly created domain names, such as .app or .blog.

**Section 4: Tips for Buying Domain Names at Auction**

Here are some tips for buying domain names at auction:

1. Research the domain name before bidding. Check its history, traffic, and value.
2. Set a budget for the auction and stick to it.
3. Bid in increments to avoid tipping off other bidders.
4. Use a reputable domain name auction platform.
5. Register for the auction early to increase your chances of winning.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, domain name auctions are an excellent way to acquire a valuable domain name. By following the tips provided in this lesson, you can increase your chances of winning a domain name auction. Remember to research the domain name, set a budget, and use a reputable auction platform. With these tips, you can participate in a domain name auction with confidence and potentially acquire a valuable domain name for your business or personal website.


text: CreativityRenault-riding hitchhiker can never go backBy David Gianatasio|November 9, 2010ShareBy David Gianatasio|November 9, 2010SharePublicis in Romania delivers a twist that's well worth the wait in this ad for Renault. On a deserted highway, a guy picks up a hitchhiker, who takes an unusually acute interest in the new Fluence model. The desolate setting, the make-out muzak droning from the radio, and the way the hitcher lustily admires the Fluence's appointments all signal that something is going to happen. Boy-on-boy lip wrestling? A dismembered finger in some French fries? Let's just say, after the hitcher gets back to his (now not-so-appealing) automobile with a full can of gas, the scenario turns explosive. I'm not saying he douses the vehicle with petrol and sets it ablaze. That would spoil the surprise. Share copy Adweek Adweek

textbook:
Lesson: Creative Advertising Techniques
Introduction: Advertising is a crucial aspect of marketing that involves creating persuasive messages to promote products or services. In this lesson, we will explore creative advertising techniques that can capture the attention of potential customers and make them want to buy a product.
Section 1: Understanding Creativity in Advertising
Topic 1: What is creativity in advertising?
Creativity in advertising refers to the ability to come up with fresh, innovative, and original ideas that can grab the attention of potential customers. It involves thinking outside the box and coming up with unique ways to present a product or service to the target audience.
Topic 2: Why is creativity important in advertising?
Creativity is essential in advertising because it helps to differentiate a product or service from its competitors. By creating memorable and engaging advertisements, companies can make their brand stand out in the minds of consumers and increase their chances of being remembered and purchased.
Section 2: Techniques for Creating Creative Advertisements
Topic 1: Storytelling
Storytelling involves creating a narrative around a product or service that captures the attention of potential customers. It involves creating a compelling story that resonates with the target audience and makes them want to learn more about the product or service.
Example: In the advertisement for Renault, the hitchhiker's interest in the car creates a story that is both unexpected and memorable.
Topic 2: Humor
Humor is an excellent way to create a memorable advertisement that captures the attention of potential customers. It involves using wit, irony, or satire to create a message that is both entertaining and persuasive.
Example: In the Renault advertisement, the unexpected twist at the end creates a humorous surprise that makes the advertisement memorable.
Topic 3: Surprise
Surprise is a powerful technique that can create a memorable advertisement that captures the attention of potential customers. It involves creating an unexpected message that surprises and delights the target audience.
Example: In the Renault advertisement, the unexpected twist at the end creates a surprise that makes the advertisement memorable.
Section 3: Applying Creativity in Advertising
Topic 1: Analyzing the Target Audience
To create a memorable advertisement, it is essential to understand the target audience's interests, preferences, and values. This involves conducting market research to identify the target audience's needs and desires.
Example: Before creating the Renault advertisement, the advertising team conducted market research to identify the target audience's interests and preferences.
Topic 2: Creating a Unique Message
Once the target audience has been identified, it is essential to create a unique message that resonates with them. This involves thinking creatively and coming up with a message that is both memorable and persuasive.
Example: In the Renault advertisement, the message is unexpected and memorable, creating a unique message that resonates with the target audience.
Conclusion: Creativity is essential in advertising because it helps to differentiate a product or service from its competitors. By creating memorable and engaging advertisements, companies can make their brand stand out in the minds of consumers and increase their chances of being remembered and purchased. By applying the techniques discussed in this lesson, you can create a memorable advertisement that captures the attention of potential customers and makes them want to buy your product.
Glossary:
- Creativity: The ability to come up with fresh, innovative, and original ideas
- Advertising: The activity or profession of producing advertisements for commercial products or services
- Target audience: The specific group of people that a company aims to sell its product or service to
- Market research: The process of gathering information about the market, including the target audience's interests and preferences.


text: Edited by David Gold and Catherine L. Hobbs. Historians of rhetoric have long worked to recover women's education in reading and writing, but have only recently begun to explore women's speaking practices, from the parlor to the platform to the varied types of institutions where women learned elocutionary and oratorical skills in preparation for professional and public life. This book fills an important gap in the history of rhetoric and suggests new paths for the way histories may be told in the future, tracing the shifting arc of women's oratorical training as it develops from forms of eighteenth-century rhetoric into institutional.

textbook:
Lesson: The History of Women's Oratorical Training

**Introduction**

In this lesson, we will explore the history of women's oratorical training from the 18th century to the present day. We will learn about the different forms of rhetoric that were used to teach women to speak in public and professional life. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the importance of oratory in women's history and how it has evolved over time.

**Section 1: The Eighteenth Century**

In the 18th century, women began to attend lectures on elocution and oratory. These lectures were designed to teach them how to speak in public, a skill that was considered essential for success in professional life. Women were taught to imitate the styles of famous orators, such as Cicero and Demosthenes, and to use gestures and facial expressions to convey their message.

**Questions and Answers**

1. What were women taught in the 18th century?
2. Who were some of the famous orators that women imitated?
3. What were some of the techniques that women were taught to use when speaking in public?

**Section 2: The Nineteenth Century**

During the 19th century, women's oratorical training became more widespread. Many women attended lecture courses and joined debating societies to improve their speaking skills. They also began to write and publish their own speeches, which were often printed in newspapers and magazines.

**Questions and Answers**

1. How did women's oratorical training change during the 19th century?
2. What were some of the ways that women improved their speaking skills during this time period?
3. Did women begin to write and publish their own speeches during this time? If so, what were some of the topics they wrote about?

**Section 3: The Twentieth Century**

In the 20th century, women's oratorical training continued to evolve. Many women attended college and university courses in public speaking, and some even went on to become professional speakers. They also began to use new forms of media, such as radio and television, to reach larger audiences.

**Questions and Answers**

1. How did women's oratorical training change during the 20th century?
2. What were some of the ways that women improved their speaking skills during this time period?
3. Did women begin to use new forms of media to reach larger audiences during this time? If so, what were some of the new forms of media that they used?

**Conclusion**

This lesson has shown us how the history of women's oratorical training has evolved over time. From the 18th century to the present day, women have used different forms of rhetoric and oratory to communicate their ideas and opinions to others. By studying this history, we can better understand the importance of public speaking and communication in women's lives and how it has shaped our world today.


text: Do this because. See all the highlights of Brussels in one day. Discover fascinating facts and legends about the city. Get some practical tips for the rest of your stay. What to expect. Join a private walking tour in the heart of Brussels and discover all the beautiful sights the city has to offer.? And you will learn about Belgian cuisine: mussels, french fries, flemish carbonate, rabbit in beer, waffles, speculoos and of course the chocolate.. This is the perfect tour. Grand Place, Grote Markt, Brussels, Belgium. Meeting point:. Your guide awaits you at the Grand Place Brussels on the Main Square.. Provider. Opatrip.com. Important to know. - This activity operates in English and German. - The tour has a fixed price and you are requested to pay the full price regardless of the number of participants. - This tour allows a maximum of 10 participants per group

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Brussels, Belgium

## Section 1: Introduction to Brussels, Belgium

Brussels, the capital city of Belgium, is a vibrant destination that offers a unique blend of history, culture, and modernity. It is a city that attracts millions of visitors every year, and for good reason. In this lesson, we will explore Brussels, its highlights, and what makes it an exciting place to visit.

## Section 2: Highlights of Brussels

Brussels is home to several landmarks and attractions that are worth visiting. Some of the must-see places in Brussels include:

- Grand Place: This UNESCO World Heritage Site is one of the most beautiful squares in Europe, with its ornate guildhalls, the City Hall, and the statue of Everard t'Serclaes.
- Atomium: This iconic structure was built for the 1958 Brussels World's Fair and has become a symbol of the city. Visitors can take a lift to the top for stunning views of Brussels.
- Manneken Pis: This famous sculpture depicts a little boy peeing into a fountain. It is one of the most photographed landmarks in Brussels and a must-see for visitors.
- Cinquantenaire Park: This large park houses several museums, including the Royal Military Museum and the Autoworld museum. It also features a triumphal arch and a bronze statue of King Albert I.

## Section 3: Belgian Cuisine

Belgium is known for its delicious cuisine, which includes dishes like:

- Mussels: These are a popular seafood dish in Belgium, often served with fries and a variety of sauces.
- French fries: Belgium claims to have invented the French fry, and they certainly do them well. They are often served with mayonnaise or a variety of sauces.
- Flemish carbonade: This is a beef stew made with beer, onions, and spices. It is typically served with fries or bread.
- Rabbit in beer: This dish consists of rabbit meat cooked in beer, often accompanied by fries or bread.
- Waffles: Belgian waffles are a popular street food in Brussels, often served with whipped cream, fruit, or Nutella.
- Speculoos: These are spiced cookies that are a popular treat in Belgium, often eaten with coffee or tea.
- Chocolate: Belgium is known for its high-quality chocolate, which can be found in many forms throughout the city.

## Glossary

- Grand Place: A large square in the heart of Brussels that is surrounded by guildhalls, the City Hall, and the statue of Everard t'Serclaes.
- Atomium: A giant structure built for the 1958 Brussels World's Fair, featuring a series of interconnected spheres.
- Manneken Pis: A famous sculpture of a little boy peeing into a fountain in Brussels.
- Cinquantenaire Park: A large park in Brussels that houses several museums and features a triumphal arch and a statue of King Albert I.
- Mussels: A type of seafood commonly eaten in Belgium.
- French fries: A popular side dish in Belgium, often served with mayonnaise or other sauces.
- Flemish carbonade: A beef stew made with beer, onions, and spices.
- Rabbit in beer: A dish consisting of rabbit meat cooked in beer, often served with fries or bread.
- Waffles: A type of street food in Brussels, often served with whipped cream, fruit, or Nutella.
- Speculoos: Spiced cookies that are a popular treat in Belgium.
- Chocolate: A type of sweet treat made from cocoa beans that is popular in Belgium.

## Conclusion

Brussels is a fascinating city that offers a unique blend of history, culture, and modernity. From its beautiful architecture to its delicious cuisine, there is something for everyone in this vibrant destination. Whether you are interested in history, art, or simply enjoying delicious food, Brussels is a city that should not be missed.


text: Deena Padayachee: He is a South African Author and Poet, residing in Durban. He works as a primary care physician. His writing has been included in various international and South African anthologies including the Readers’ Digest’s BEST SOUTH AFRICAN SHORT STORIES. Three of his books have been published. The English academy of Southern Africa awarded the author the Olive Schreiner prize for prose; The Congress of South African Writers has awarded the doctor the Nadine Gordimer prize for prose. 109

textbook:
**Lesson:**
Introduction to Deena Padayachee

In this lesson, we will learn about Deena Padayachee, a South African author and poet. We will explore his background, his writing career, and his achievements in the literary world. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

1. Identify Deena Padayachee's background and current residence.
2. Recall his occupation and the awards he has received.
3. Summarize his writing career and achievements.

**Section 1: Background and Residence**

Deena Padayachee is a South African author and poet who currently resides in Durban. This means that he was born and raised in South Africa, and he still lives in the country today.

**Section 2: Occupation and Awards**

Deena Padayachee works as a primary care physician. In addition to his medical career, he has also had success in the literary world. His writing has been included in various international and South African anthologies, including the Readers’ Digest’s BEST SOUTH AFRICAN SHORT STORIES. Three of his books have been published, and he has received several awards for his work. The English Academy of Southern Africa awarded him the Olive Schreiner Prize for Prose, and the Congress of South African Writers awarded him the Nadine Gordimer Prize for Prose.

**Section 3: Writing Career and Achievements**

Deena Padayachee's writing career has been marked by success and recognition. His work has been included in multiple anthologies, and three of his books have been published. He has received two prestigious awards for his writing: the Olive Schreiner Prize for Prose and the Nadine Gordimer Prize for Prose. These awards demonstrate his talent and dedication to the literary arts.

**Conclusion**

In this lesson, we learned about Deena Padayachee, a South African author and poet who has made significant contributions to the literary world. We explored his background, occupation, and awards, as well as his writing career and achievements. By studying the life and work of Deena Padayachee, we can gain insight into the literary landscape of South Africa and the importance of pursuing our passions.

**Glossary**
- Author: A person who writes a book or article
- Poet: A writer of poetry
- Reside: To live in a particular place
- Occupation: One's job or profession
- Award: A prize given in recognition of an achievement
- Anthology: A collection of literary works
- Prose: Forms of written or spoken language that do not have a rhyming structure
- Literary world: The community of writers, readers, and critics involved in the creation and appreciation of literature
- Prestigious: Having a high reputation
- Contribution: A thing contributed or given towards a common goal
- Landscape: The natural features of a region
- Pursue: To follow a course of action or activity

**Self-Debating Discussion**

Why is it important for writers to receive recognition for their work? How does receiving awards impact a writer's career and the literary world as a whole?


text: As customers begin realizing desired outcomes from technology investments, technology providers must constantly be looking for opportunities for expand selling, which are formal cross-selling and upselling motions with existing customers.. Executives responsible for expanding product and service revenue with existing customers should understand which enabling technology components are already well adopted by technology firms, as well as emerging tools that may provide a boost to operational and financial metrics.. Download your free copy today and get TSIA's expand selling technology stack recommendations for 2017..

textbook:
Lesson: Expand Selling Technology Stack
Introduction:
In today's business world, technology plays a crucial role in helping companies achieve their goals. One way that technology providers can increase their revenue is by expand selling, which involves selling additional products or services to existing customers. In this lesson, we will explore the technology stack that enables expand selling and how it can benefit your business.
Section 1: What is Expand Selling?
Expand selling is a formal process of cross-selling and upselling to existing customers. It involves identifying opportunities to sell additional products or services to customers who have already purchased from you. This can help increase revenue and customer loyalty.
Section 2: Enabling Technology Components
To enable expand selling, technology providers need to have certain components in place. These include:
- Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software: This helps track customer interactions and purchase history, making it easier to identify sales opportunities.
- Sales Force Automation (SFA) software: This automates the sales process, making it easier to manage sales opportunities and forecast revenue.
- Analytics and Business Intelligence (BI) tools: These tools provide insights into customer behavior and buying patterns, helping to identify sales opportunities.
- Social Media platforms: These platforms can be used to engage with customers and identify sales opportunities.
Section 3: Emerging Tools
In addition to the enabling technology components mentioned above, there are emerging tools that can provide a boost to operational and financial metrics. These include:
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms: These can help identify sales opportunities based on customer behavior and buying patterns.
- Predictive Analytics: This can help forecast customer needs and identify sales opportunities.
- Chatbots: These can be used to engage with customers and provide personalized recommendations.
Section 4: Conclusion
Understanding the technology stack that enables expand selling is crucial for technology providers looking to increase revenue from existing customers. By implementing the right enabling technology components and staying up-to-date with emerging tools, you can improve operational and financial metrics and increase customer loyalty. Use this lesson as a guide to building a successful expand selling strategy for your business.
Glossary:
- CRM: Customer Relationship Management software
- SFA: Sales Force Automation software
- BI: Business Intelligence tools
- AI: Artificial Intelligence algorithms
- ML: Machine Learning algorithms
- Predictive Analytics: the practice of using data, statistical algorithms, and machine learning techniques to make predictions about future outcomes
- Chatbots: computer programs designed to simulate conversation with human users, usually over the internet
Self-Debate Discussion:
What other technologies could be used to enable expand selling? How do you think AI and ML can improve expand selling?


text: €39.00. The garden rose is a suitable flower due to both its stems and buds. There are numerous species and sizes. It’s especially eye-catching because it has many flattened petals. It has a romantic look and fits with country-style decoration, transporting us to Victorian gardens and creating corners of nature without tricks or pretentions.. Exclusive indoor use / Do not water / Do not expose to sunlight / Keep away from heat sources. Отзывы. Отзывов пока нет.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand a Price Tag

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand a price tag. We will cover the following sections:

1. Reading the price tag
2. Understanding the units of measurement
3. Calculating the total cost
4. Understanding taxes and discounts
5. Applying critical thinking skills

Section 1: Reading the Price Tag

The first step in understanding a price tag is to read it carefully. A price tag typically includes the following information:

1. Product name or description
2. Quantity or unit size
3. Unit price
4. Total cost

For example, let's take the price tag of a product that costs €39.00. Here is what we can read from it:

1. Product name or description: Not mentioned
2. Quantity or unit size: Not mentioned
3. Unit price: €39.00
4. Total cost: €39.00

Now, let's move on to the next section.

Section 2: Understanding the Units of Measurement

The next step in understanding a price tag is to understand the units of measurement used. Common units of measurement used in pricing include:

1. Dollars ($)
2. Euros (€)
3. Pounds (£)
4. Yen (¥)

For example, if you see a price tag that says "€39.00," you know that the product costs 39 euros. If you see a price tag that says "£25.00," you know that the product costs 25 pounds.

Section 3: Calculating the Total Cost

The third step in understanding a price tag is to calculate the total cost. To do this, you need to multiply the unit price by the quantity or unit size. For example, if a product costs €39.00 per piece, and there are 10 pieces in a pack, then the total cost would be:

Total cost = Unit price × Quantity
Total cost = €39.00 × 10
Total cost = €390.00

So, if you were to buy 10 pieces of this product at €39.00 per piece, the total cost would be €390.00.

Section 4: Understanding Taxes and Discounts

The fourth step in understanding a price tag is to understand taxes and discounts. Taxes are additional fees added to the total cost of a product. Discounts are reductions in the total cost of a product.

For example, if a product costs €39.00 and there is a 10% discount, the total cost would be:

Total cost = Unit price × Quantity × (1 - Discount rate)
Total cost = €39.00 × 10 × (1 - 0.10)
Total cost = €39.00 × 10 × 0.90
Total cost = €351.00

So, if you were to buy 10 pieces of this product and apply a 10% discount, the total cost would be €351.00.

Section 5: Applying Critical Thinking Skills

The final step in understanding a price tag is to apply critical thinking skills. This means asking questions such as:

1. Is the price fair?
2. Are there any hidden fees or charges?
3. Is the product worth the price?

For example, if you see a price tag that says "€100.00" for a product that you think should cost less than €50.00, you might ask yourself if the price is fair or if there are any hidden fees or charges. You might also ask if the product is worth the price.

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned how to read and understand a price tag. We covered the following sections:

1. Reading the price tag
2. Understanding the units of measurement
3. Calculating the total cost
4. Understanding taxes and discounts
5. Applying critical thinking skills

Glossary:

Price tag: A label that shows the price of a product
Unit price: The cost of one unit of a product
Quantity or unit size: The number of units in a product pack
Total cost: The final amount you pay for a product after taxes and discounts
Taxes: Additional fees added to the total cost of a product
Discounts: Reductions in the total cost of a product
Critical thinking: The process of analyzing information and arguments to reach a logical conclusion


text: Linux, politics, and other interesting things 10 years of web surfing) and display all the needed information.. I feel inclined to buy the book just to support the creation of amusing web sites!. Update: Here is the Wikipedia page for Miranda July, thanks to meneame.net for the link.. Related posts:. Very cool site. Her name triggered off a vague memory that imdb crystallised for me – she made a really interesting movie ‘You, me and everyone we know’ – – it’s definitely worth a rental.. [...] de hacer promoción de un libro de historias cortas, está en inglés pero hay poco texto. Vía etbe.coker.com.au/2007/08/16/a-great-advertising-web-site/ La autora, Miranda July, toca un poco de todo: escritura, cine, performance, música y parece que [...]. I felt exactly the same. I’m sure this website is gonna sell books.

textbook:
Lesson: Web Surfing and Information Display

## Section 1: Introduction to Web Surfing and Information Display

Web surfing refers to browsing the internet to find information on various topics. Over the years, the internet has grown exponentially, and it is now one of the most significant sources of information. With billions of websites available, it can be challenging to navigate through them to find the required information. This lesson will teach you how to web surf effectively and display the necessary information accurately.

## Section 2: How to Web Surf Effectively

1. Identify your information needs: Before starting your web surfing journey, you need to identify what information you are looking for. This could be anything from researching a topic for a school project to finding a recipe for dinner.

2. Use search engines: Search engines like Google, Bing, and Yahoo are essential tools when web surfing. They help you find relevant information by typing in keywords related to your search.

3. Evaluate the source: Not all information on the internet is accurate or reliable. It is crucial to evaluate the source of the information to ensure that it is credible. This includes checking the author's credentials, the website's domain, and the date of publication.

4. Stay organized: As you web surf, you may come across various links and information. It is essential to stay organized by taking notes, bookmarking pages, and using folders to store related information.

5. Use other sources: Do not rely solely on the internet for information. Other sources such as books, magazines, and experts can provide valuable insights and perspectives that may not be available online.

## Section 3: How to Display Information Accurately

1. Use headings and subheadings: Headings and subheadings help break up large blocks of text and make it easier to read and understand the information.

2. Use bullet points: Bullet points can help organize information and make it more visually appealing.

3. Use images and videos: Images and videos can help illustrate and clarify complex ideas and concepts.

4. Use charts and graphs: Charts and graphs can help present data in a clear and concise manner.

5. Use citations: Citations are essential when displaying information from other sources. They help give credit where it is due and allow readers to verify the information.

## Glossary

- Web surfing: Browsing the internet to find information.
- Search engine: A software system that searches a database of websites based on a user's keyword input.
- Credible: Believable, trustworthy, and reliable.
- Domain: The extension at the end of a website URL (e.g., .com, .org, .edu).
- Organize: Arrange or classify information for easy access and understanding.
- Citation: A reference to a source of information, usually published material.

## Conclusion

Web surfing and information display are essential skills in today's digital age. By following the tips provided in this lesson, you can web surf effectively and display information accurately. Remember to evaluate the source of information, stay organized, and use citations when necessary. With these skills, you can find and present information on any topic with ease.


text: Island Microwave Kitchen Drawer. island microwave kitchen drawer.. smart kitchen islands with built in appliances island microwave drawer cabinet diy shelf,kitchen island microwave cabinet carts with storage oak stand hutch cart in,island microwave cabinet diy kitchen with shelf outlet what is a drawer image of,microwave stand kitchen island with shelf storage drawers on wheels purchase,lg studio gas with the professional look of stainless steel kitchen island microwave ideas drawer in dimensions,microwave island kitchen oven in built into streamline mealtime with this inch drawer from,microwave drawer in island kitchen cart built into,kitchen island with towel rack convenient and microwave stand drawer in,kitchen island with warming drawer and microwave under over in,microwave cabinet in kitchen island oven size custom rolling reality daydream.

textbook:
# Lesson: Island Microwave Kitchen Drawer
## Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about the Island Microwave Kitchen Drawer. We will cover its features, benefits, and how to use it effectively in our daily lives. This lesson is designed for primary through high school students who want to learn more about kitchen appliances and their uses.
## Section 1: What is an Island Microwave Kitchen Drawer?
An Island Microwave Kitchen Drawer is a type of kitchen appliance that combines the functionality of a microwave oven and a kitchen drawer. It is designed to provide easy access to a microwave oven without taking up valuable counter space. The drawer can be pulled out and used as a serving tray or a food warming station.
## Section 2: Benefits of an Island Microwave Kitchen Drawer
There are several benefits to having an Island Microwave Kitchen Drawer in your kitchen. Some of these benefits include:
- Space-saving design: The drawer takes up less space than a traditional microwave oven, making it perfect for small kitchens.
- Convenience: The drawer can be easily accessed from either side of the island, making it convenient for left-handed and right-handed users.
- Versatility: The drawer can be used as a serving tray or a food warming station, making it a versatile addition to your kitchen.
- Easy to clean: The drawer is easy to clean and maintain, making it perfect for busy families.
## Section 3: How to Use an Island Microwave Kitchen Drawer
To use an Island Microwave Kitchen Drawer, follow these steps:
1. Pull out the drawer to its full extension.
2. Place your food or beverage in a microwave-safe dish or container.
3. Close the drawer and press the power button to start the microwave oven.
4. Set the desired cook time and press start.
5. Once the cook time has elapsed, the microwave oven will turn off automatically.
6. Carefully remove your food or beverage from the microwave-safe dish or container and enjoy!
## Section 4: Practical Examples
Here are some practical examples of how you can use an Island Microwave Kitchen Drawer:
- Heating up leftovers: Place your leftover food in a microwave-safe dish, close the drawer, and set the cook time to reheat your food.
- Defrosting meat: Place your frozen meat in a microwave-safe dish, close the drawer, and set the cook time to defrost your meat.
- Warming up soup: Place your soup bowl in the drawer, close the drawer, and set the cook time to warm up your soup.
- Melting chocolate: Place a microwave-safe bowl with chocolate chips in the drawer, close the drawer, and set the cook time to melt the chocolate.
## Glossary
- Microwave oven: A kitchen appliance that uses electromagnetic waves to heat food or liquids.
- Kitchen island: A piece of furniture that provides additional counter space and storage in a kitchen.
- Drawer: A box-like container with a flat bottom and usually five sides, used for storing or carrying things.
## Conclusion
In conclusion, an Island Microwave Kitchen Drawer is a great addition to any kitchen. It is space-saving, convenient, versatile, and easy to clean. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can effectively use an Island Microwave Kitchen Drawer in your daily life.


text: Jo WilliamsFreelance travel writer. Jo Williams first visited Andalucia in the early 1990's and was smitten from the start after a dusty summer spent in the desert-like mountains of Almeria. After completing her English degree at Leeds University, she lived and worked in Central America for three years, as a journalist and for the UN truth commission.. On return to Europe she was a book editor for Footprint Handbooks in Bath for three years before moving to Southern Spain in 2001. She contributed to books on Andalucia and Spain by AA travel guides, Footprint Handbooks and Time Out guides. She has also written for the travel section in Glamour magazine. While Jo was based in Huelva province, she wrote extensively on Andalucia´s protected areas for Andalucia.com.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Editing and Proofreading

Introduction:
Editing and proofreading are essential skills for anyone who wants to communicate effectively. Whether you are writing an email, a report, or a novel, it is crucial to ensure that your work is free of errors and conveys your intended message accurately. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of editing and proofreading, and provide tips and techniques for improving these skills.

Section 1: Understanding the Difference Between Editing and Proofreading
Editing refers to the process of revising and rearranging text to improve its overall structure, content, and style. Proofreading, on the other hand, involves checking the text for errors in spelling, grammar, punctuation, and formatting. Both editing and proofreading are necessary steps in the writing process, but they serve different purposes.

Section 2: Why Editing and Proofreading Are Important
Effective communication depends on clear and accurate language. Errors in spelling, grammar, or punctuation can confuse readers and undermine your credibility. Moreover, poorly written documents can damage your professional reputation and hinder your ability to persuade, inform, or entertain your audience. Therefore, it is essential to take the time to edit and proofread your work carefully.

Section 3: Techniques for Editing and Proofreading
To edit and proofread effectively, follow these tips:

1. Take a break: After writing or completing a draft, put it aside for a while before returning to it with fresh eyes. This will help you see the text more objectively.

2. Read out loud: Reading your work aloud can help you identify awkward phrasing and mistakes in pronunciation.

3. Use a dictionary and thesaurus: Make sure you are using the correct words and phrases, and avoid repetition or clichés.

4. Get someone else to read it: A second pair of eyes can catch mistakes that you may have missed.

5. Check for formatting: Ensure that your document adheres to standard conventions for formatting, such as margins, line spacing, and font size and style.

Section 4: Practice Exercises
1. Proofread the following paragraph and correct any errors you find.

Their quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. It's amazing how well he can write. He's won many awards for his writings.

Corrected paragraph:

Their quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. It's amazing how well he can write. He's won many awards for his writing.

2. Rewrite the following sentence with correct grammar and punctuation.

"I enjoy reading books on history, especially about wars."

Corrected sentence: "I enjoy reading books on history, especially about war."

Conclusion:
Editing and proofreading are essential skills that will help you communicate more effectively. By taking the time to revise and polish your work, you will be able to present your ideas clearly and convincingly. Remember to use the techniques presented in this lesson to improve your editing and proofreading abilities.


text: Greensboro, NC -- Bennett College entered into an agreement Thursday with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to collaborate on green initiatives on the campus.. As part of the agreement, the school will work with the EPA to explore a center on campus focused on environmental justice, globalization, leadership and sustainable entrepreneurship.. The EPA has also pledged support of initiatives on the campus such as the "grow green" garden, recycling efforts, energy audits, greenhouse projects and health literacy.. The EPA will also provided technical support for environmental education to the campus and the community.. The agreement will lead to opportunities for students interested in environmental careers.. WFMY News 2 / Bennett College

textbook:
Lesson: Environmental Stewardship

## Section 1: Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn about environmental stewardship, which is the responsible use and protection of natural resources. We will explore how individuals can make a positive impact on the environment through recycling, energy conservation, and sustainable practices.

## Section 2: Theoretical Concepts

1. What is environmental stewardship?
Environmental stewardship refers to the responsible use and protection of natural resources. It involves taking action to preserve the environment and prevent damage to ecosystems.

2. Why is environmental stewardship important?
Environmental stewardship is important because it helps to ensure that future generations can enjoy the same natural resources that we do today. It also helps to protect wildlife and ecosystems, which are essential for human survival.

3. What are some examples of environmental stewardship?
Examples of environmental stewardship include recycling, reducing energy consumption, using renewable energy sources, and supporting sustainable agriculture practices.

4. How does environmental stewardship benefit society?
Environmental stewardship benefits society by promoting a cleaner, healthier environment. It also helps to create jobs in the green economy and reduce our dependence on non-renewable resources.

## Section 3: Practical Examples

1. How can you reduce your energy consumption at home?
There are many ways to reduce your energy consumption at home, including turning off lights and electronics when not in use, using energy-efficient light bulbs, and sealing air leaks around windows and doors.

2. How can you reduce your carbon footprint?
You can reduce your carbon footprint by using public transportation, biking, or walking instead of driving. You can also eat a plant-based diet, which has a lower carbon footprint than a meat-based diet.

3. How can you reduce waste?
You can reduce waste by composting food scraps, recycling materials, and using reusable containers instead of disposable ones.

## Section 4: Self-Debating Discussions

1. Should individuals be responsible for environmental stewardship, or should governments take the lead?
Both individuals and governments have a role to play in environmental stewardship. Governments can pass laws and policies to protect the environment, but individuals can also make a difference by making small changes in their daily lives.

2. Is it possible for society to achieve sustainable development while also promoting economic growth?
Yes, it is possible for society to achieve sustainable development while also promoting economic growth. This can be achieved through innovative solutions that balance economic, social, and environmental needs.

3. How can we ensure that environmental stewardship is equitable and benefits all members of society?
To ensure that environmental stewardship is equitable, we need to prioritize the needs of marginalized communities who are often disproportionately affected by environmental degradation. This can be achieved through policies that promote environmental justice and provide resources to these communities.

## Glossary
- Environmental Stewardship: The responsible use and protection of natural resources.
- Sustainable Agriculture: Farming practices that focus on producing food while also preserving the environment and supporting the health of farmers and consumers.
- Renewable Energy: Energy sources that are replenished naturally, such as solar, wind, and hydro power.
- Carbon Footprint: The total amount of greenhouse gases produced by human activities, such as burning fossil fuels.

## Conclusion

In conclusion, environmental stewardship is an important responsibility that we all share. By making small changes in our daily lives, we can help to protect the environment and ensure that future generations can enjoy the same natural resources that we do today. Through this lesson, we have learned about the importance of environmental stewardship and how we can make a positive impact on the environment.


text:
Mobile communication devices, such as cellular telephones, transmit and/or receive data using various protocols to communicate remotely. Other portable devices such as laptop computers, tablet computers, portable game consoles and even watches may also include components that receive and transmit data, which makes them further examples of communication devices that are mobile. Such mobile communication devices generally include a subscriber identity/identification module (SIM) card, which is an integrated circuit used to store codes that identify and authenticate subscribers across mobile communication networks.
A “subscription” may include services to which the subscriber by way of a mobile device has access. For example, a telephone number and the communications using that number are part of a subscription accessed using a SIM card. Subscriptions may use various communication standards, such as long term evolution (LTE), global system for mobile communications (GSM), general packet radio service (GPRS), enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE), universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), generic radio access network (GRAN), evolution-data optimized (1×/DO), and wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) and code division multiple access (CDMA) to communicate across mobile communication networks.
Some mobile devices may include more than one SIM card in order to maintain more than one subscription. For example, dual SIM mobile devices include two SIM cards and quad SIM mobile devices include four SIM Cards. In this way, a single mobile device may use different telephone numbers and maintain separate bills. Also, by using multiple SIM cards a user my keep business subscriptions separate from personal subscriptions, take advantage of different pricing/service plans or have an additional SIM card specific to a another country or region.
While having multiple SIM cards in one device has its advantages, dual SIM devices consume more power than their single SIM counterparts, and quad SIM devices tend to consume significantly more power than dual SIM devices, which reduces their performance and is generally undesirable. Configuring dual SIM mobile devices to have two SIM cards that use a common radio frequency (RF) circuit (referred to as an “RF chain”) to communicate reduces the number of transceivers to one, which may save power. Similarly, Quad-SIM devices may have just two RF chains to support the four SIM cards (i.e., enable wireless communications via the subscriptions supported by each of the SIM cards). However, such configurations mean that one of the SIM cards must enter an out-of-service state when the other SIM card enters a dedicated traffic state in which the subscription associated with that SIM card is engaged in supporting communications over the single RF chain of the mobile device.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Mobile Communication Devices

## Section 1: What are Mobile Communication Devices?
Mobile communication devices are electronic gadgets that enable people to communicate with each other over long distances. They include devices like cellular telephones, laptop computers, tablet computers, portable game consoles, and smartwatches. These devices use various protocols to transmit and receive data, allowing users to communicate remotely.

## Section 2: How do Mobile Communication Devices Work?
Mobile communication devices work by using radio waves to transmit and receive data. When you make a call or send a message, your device converts the data into radio waves and sends it to a nearby base station. The base station then relays the signal to its destination. To ensure secure communication, most mobile devices use a SIM card, which is an integrated circuit that stores codes that identify and authenticate subscribers across mobile communication networks.

## Section 3: Subscriptions and Mobile Communication Devices
Subscriptions refer to the services that a subscriber can access using their mobile device. For example, a telephone number and the communications using that number are part of a subscription accessed using a SIM card. Subscriptions may use various communication standards, such as long term evolution (LTE), global system for mobile communications (GSM), and general packet radio service (GPRS).

## Glossary
- Mobile Communication Device: An electronic gadget that enables people to communicate with each other over long distances.
- SIM Card: An integrated circuit that stores codes that identify and authenticate subscribers across mobile communication networks.
- Subscription: Services to which the subscriber by way of a mobile device has access.
- Communication Standards: Protocols that govern the transmission and reception of data between mobile communication devices.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about mobile communication devices, how they work, and the role of SIM cards in securing communication. We also explored subscriptions and the communication standards used by these devices. By understanding these concepts, we can better appreciate the power of mobile communication devices and how they have revolutionized the way we interact with each other.


text: Welcome to AutoEXTREME!. Auto Extreme stock a wide selection of transmission parts including clutch kits, lightened flywheels, clutch and flywheel bolts, braided clutch lines, gearbox mounts, clutch slave cylinders and release bearings.. With products ranging from basic OEM replacement clutch parts through to aftermarket options for highly tuned cars from ACT, Exedy, Competition Clutch and Xtreme Clutch. With so many options selecting the right type of clutch for your needs can be quite a challenge! That’s why Auto Extreme has put together the clutch buying guide to help you choose the right clutch for your needs.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Choose the Right Clutch for Your Car

## Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about the different types of clutches available in the market and how to choose the right one for your car. We will cover the basics of clutches, their functions, and the factors to consider when choosing a clutch. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to identify the best clutch for your car based on your driving style, vehicle type, and budget.

## Section 2: What is a Clutch?
A clutch is a mechanical device that connects the engine to the transmission. It allows the engine to run without engaging the transmission, making it possible to start the car and move it around without putting the car in gear. When the clutch is engaged, it transfers power from the engine to the wheels, allowing the car to move forward or reverse.

There are two main types of clutches: manual and automatic. Manual clutches require the driver to engage the clutch pedal to change gears, while automatic clutches use a computer to control the gear changes. Both types of clutches have their advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on personal preference and driving habits.

## Section 3: Types of Clutches
There are several types of clutches available in the market, each with its unique features and benefits. These include:

1. Single-plate clutches: These clutches are the most common type and are suitable for most vehicles. They are affordable, easy to install, and provide good performance. However, they may not be suitable for high-performance vehicles or heavy-duty applications.

2. Double-plate clutches: These clutches are designed for vehicles with high torque outputs, such as sports cars and trucks. They provide better holding power and durability than single-plate clutches, making them ideal for aggressive driving styles.

3. Triple-plate clutches: These clutches are designed for heavy-duty applications, such as towing or off-road driving. They provide the highest holding power and durability, making them ideal for extreme conditions.

4. Cerametallic clutches: These clutches are made from a combination of ceramic and metallic materials, providing excellent wear resistance and noise reduction. They are suitable for both street and track use and are popular among enthusiasts.

## Section 4: Factors to Consider When Choosing a Clutch
When choosing a clutch, there are several factors to consider, including:

1. Vehicle type: Different vehicles require different types of clutches. For example, sports cars and trucks require clutches that can handle high torque outputs, while sedans and coupes may not require as much power.

2. Driving style: If you drive aggressively or frequently engage in high-performance driving, you may need a clutch that can handle high levels of stress and wear.

3. Budget: Clutches range in price from a few hundred dollars to several thousand dollars. Determine your budget before shopping for a clutch.

4. Warranty: Many clutches come with a warranty that covers defects in materials or workmanship. Be sure to check the warranty terms before purchasing a clutch.

## Section 5: Conclusion
Choosing the right clutch for your car can be a daunting task, but by considering the factors listed above, you can find the perfect clutch for your needs. Remember to research the different types of clutches, their features, and benefits before making a final decision. With the information provided in this lesson, you will be able to confidently select the best clutch for your vehicle and enjoy the driving experience.


text: This beautifully unique, hand-crafted side by side sheep picture will definitely add a whimsical touch to your spring decor. With a natural tweed, layered background, each sheep is worked with a real wool body to create a stunning 3D effect.. How wonderful would this sheep picture be as an engagement or anniversary gift? Or the perfect sentiment for that special person in your life?. Dimensions: 32cm x 23cm x 3cm. It comes fitted with a stand or hooks for hanging.. is backordered. We will ship it separately in 10 to 15 days.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Abstract Art

## Section 1: What is Abstract Art?
Abstract art is a type of art that does not represent or depict any recognizable objects or subjects. Instead, it uses color, shape, and texture to create an image that is open to interpretation by the viewer.

## Section 2: Why is Abstract Art Important?
Abstract art is important because it allows artists to express their emotions and ideas without being limited by the constraints of realism. It also allows viewers to interpret the artwork in their own way, leading to deeper engagement and discussion.

## Section 3: Examples of Abstract Art
One example of abstract art is Jackson Pollock's "Number 1, 1950 (Lavender Mist)". This painting is made up of colorful splatters and drips that create a sense of movement and energy. Another example is Wassily Kandinsky's "Composition VII", which uses bold lines and colors to create a dynamic and complex composition.

## Section 4: Creating Your Own Abstract Art
To create your own abstract art, start by experimenting with different materials and techniques. You can use paint, pencils, markers, or even collage elements to create your piece. Try layering colors and textures, or creating patterns and shapes. Remember to stay true to your own style and ideas, and don't be afraid to make mistakes.

## Section 5: Critical Thinking
When looking at abstract art, it's important to think critically about what you see. Consider the colors, shapes, and textures used, and try to understand the artist's intent. Does the artwork evoke any emotions or memories for you? How does it make you feel? Use these questions to guide your interpretation of the artwork.

## Glossary:
- Abstract: A type of art that doesn't represent or depict recognizable objects or subjects.
- Composition: The arrangement of elements within a work of art.
- Color Theory: The study of how colors interact and how they can be combined to create different effects.
- Texture: The surface quality or characteristics of an artwork.

## Conclusion:
Abstract art can be a challenging but rewarding form of art to create and interpret. By understanding the principles behind abstract art and practicing critical thinking, you can develop a deeper appreciation for this genre. Remember to experiment with different materials and techniques, and always stay true to your own style and ideas.


text: The Power of Haunting: A Review of Caroline Hagood’s Ghosts of AmericaBy Livia Blum. September 27, 2021. Drenched in the blood of the country’s leader, in a suit that has become iconic in American consciousness, Jackie Kennedy has long stood as a representation of American sorrow, of chaos, and of loss, planted in the silence of mourning. But who is Jackie Kennedy, really? What does it mean to be a woman so embedded in public imagination that your story can be told (and, importantly, mistold) by just about anyone? How can one regain control of a story stolen? The answer, author Caroline Hagood tells us in her novel Ghosts of America, is through haunting: the voices of the past returning to reclaim their stories. Indeed, Ghosts of America tells us that haunting, however fantastical, can be a deeply political act, an act of resistance, a way to rewrite a silenced story.

textbook:
Lesson Title: The Power of Haunting: A Review of Caroline Hagood's Ghosts of America

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the concept of haunting as presented in Caroline Hagood's novel Ghosts of America. We will examine what haunting means, how it can be used as a political act, and how it can be used to reclaim a story that has been silenced or mistold. Throughout the lesson, we will use examples from the novel to illustrate these concepts.

Section 1: What is Haunting?
Haunting is the act of returning to a place or situation in order to reclaim a story that has been taken away or mistold. It is a way of using the power of memory and the past to challenge the present and to create new narratives. In Ghosts of America, the ghosts of American history haunt the present, reminding us of the stories that have been forgotten or ignored.

Questions:
- What does haunting mean to you?
- How can haunting be used as a political act?

Section 2: Haunting as Resistance
Haunting can be a powerful form of resistance against the erasure of marginalized voices. By returning to a place or situation and reclaiming a story, those who have been silenced can take back control of their own narratives. In Ghosts of America, Jackie Kennedy uses haunting to reclaim her own story, which had been distorted and misrepresented by the media and the public.

Questions:
- How can haunting be used as a form of resistance?
- Why is it important to reclaim marginalized voices?

Section 3: Haunting and Memory
Haunting is closely tied to memory, as it involves returning to a place or situation in order to remember and reclaim a story. Memory is a powerful tool, and it can be used to shape our understanding of the past and the present. In Ghosts of America, the ghosts of American history haunt the present, reminding us of the stories that have been forgotten or ignored.

Questions:
- How does haunting relate to memory?
- Why is it important to remember and reclaim lost stories?

Glossary:
- Haunting: The act of returning to a place or situation in order to reclaim a story that has been taken away or mistold.
- Resistance: The act of opposing or challenging a prevailing system or idea.
- Marginalized voices: Voices that have been silenced or ignored by society, often due to factors such as race, gender, or class.

Conclusion:
Throughout this lesson, we have explored the concept of haunting as presented in Ghosts of America. We have seen how haunting can be used as a political act, a form of resistance, and a way to reclaim lost stories. By understanding the power of haunting, we can begin to challenge the present and create new narratives that reflect the experiences of those who have been silenced.


text: Earlier this month, a U.S. District Judge in California ordered Google Chairman Eric Schmidt, Apple CEO Tim Cook, and others to give depositions in an ongoing private lawsuit. Employees brought on the private lawsuit alleging “no-poach” agreements the companies entered would drive down wages. Today, new details have emerged after a request to keep court documents secrets was denied by U.S. District Judge Lucy Koh.. While emails exchanged between Steve Jobs and former Palm CEO Ed Colligan have been the focus on the documents, The Verge also pointed us to emails exchange between Jobs and Google execs. Below we have an email form Jobs to Schmidt asking to put a stop to Google recruiting employees from its iPod team, as well as one where Schmidt discussed not wanting to create a paper trail:

textbook:
Lesson: Collaboration and Competition in Business

Introduction:
In today's business world, collaboration and competition are two important aspects that companies must balance. Collaboration refers to working together with other companies to achieve common goals, while competition refers to trying to outdo others in the market. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of collaboration and competition in business, and how they can work together to benefit both companies involved.

Section 1: Collaboration
Collaboration is an essential part of business because it allows companies to share resources, knowledge, and expertise to achieve common goals. This can lead to increased efficiency, cost savings, and improved products or services. Collaboration can take many forms, such as joint ventures, strategic alliances, or simply sharing information and ideas.

Questions:
1. Why is collaboration important in business?
2. What are some examples of collaboration in business?
3. How can collaboration benefit both companies involved?

Section 2: Competition
Competition is another important aspect of business, as it drives innovation, improves products and services, and provides choices for consumers. However, competition can also be challenging, as companies must constantly strive to stay ahead of their competitors. Competition can take many forms, such as price wars, product differentiation, or advertising campaigns.

Questions:
1. Why is competition important in business?
2. What are some examples of competition in business?
3. How can competition benefit both companies involved?

Section 3: Balancing Collaboration and Competition
While collaboration and competition may seem contradictory, they can actually work together to benefit both companies involved. For example, a company may collaborate with another company on a project while still competing with them in other areas. This can lead to increased innovation, cost savings, and improved products or services.

Questions:
1. How can collaboration and competition work together in business?
2. What are some examples of companies that have successfully balanced collaboration and competition?
3. What are some challenges that companies may face when trying to balance collaboration and competition?

Conclusion:
In conclusion, collaboration and competition are two important aspects of business that must be balanced. By working together and competing with other companies, businesses can achieve common goals, drive innovation, and improve products and services. By understanding the benefits of both collaboration and competition, companies can develop strategies that will help them succeed in today's competitive market.

Glossary:
- Collaboration: Working together with other companies to achieve common goals
- Competition: Trying to outdo others in the market
- Joint venture: A business partnership between two or more companies
- Strategic alliance: A cooperative agreement between two or more companies
- Product differentiation: The process of distinguishing a company's product from its competitors


text: BI revenues, which includes revenue from BI platforms, analytic applications and corporate performance management (CPM) software, stood at $ 98.1 million in 2012, Gartner said in a report launched here today.. The market is expected to grow further to $ $ 74.1 million in 2013, growing over 13 per cent from $ 65.3 million in 2012. This segment is forecast to touch $ 107.4 million by 2016.. Analytic Applications and Performance Management segment is expected to see the fastest growth at close to 19 per cent to touch $ 16.8 million in 2013 from $ 14.2 million in 2012.. The segment's revenues are forecast to grow to $ 27.8 million by 2016.. CPM Suites revenues are expected to grow from $ 18.6 million in 2012 to $ 22 million in 2013 and further to $.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Business Intelligence (BI)

**Overview:** Business Intelligence (BI) refers to the process of collecting, analyzing, and presenting data to help organizations make informed business decisions. In this lesson, we will explore what BI is, its importance, and how it can benefit organizations.

**Section 1: What is BI?**

BI combines data analysis, data mining, data visualization, and data warehousing to provide insights into an organization's business processes. It helps organizations to identify trends, monitor performance, and make data-driven decisions.

**Section 2: Importance of BI**

BI is crucial for organizations as it provides them with the necessary tools to analyze data and make informed decisions. With BI, organizations can:

- Identify trends and patterns in their data
- Monitor performance and track progress
- Make data-driven decisions based on facts and insights
- Improve operational efficiency and reduce costs
- Gain a competitive advantage over rivals

**Section 3: Benefits of BI**

The benefits of BI are numerous and can be categorized into three main areas:

1. Strategic benefits: BI helps organizations to develop and implement strategies based on data-driven insights. This enables organizations to make informed decisions that align with their goals and objectives.

2. Operational benefits: BI helps organizations to optimize their operations by identifying areas for improvement and implementing changes that lead to increased efficiency and productivity.

3. Tactical benefits: BI provides organizations with the ability to respond quickly to changes in the market or industry. By monitoring performance and identifying trends, organizations can adjust their tactics and strategies accordingly.

**Section 4: Real-world example**

Let's consider a retail company that uses BI to improve its sales and profitability. By analyzing customer data, the company identifies that sales increase when they offer discounts on certain products. Based on this insight, the company decides to offer more discounts and sees a significant increase in sales.

**Conclusion:**

In conclusion, BI is a powerful tool that can help organizations to make informed decisions based on data-driven insights. By understanding the importance and benefits of BI, organizations can leverage this technology to improve their operations, gain a competitive advantage, and achieve their goals.


text:
A Day in the Life: Design and Project Engineer, Corus Process Engineering

Published by:

Mark Dixon graduated with a MEng in Mechanical Engineering with Management from The University of Liverpool in 2006. Soon afterwards, in July 2006, he was lucky enough to land a job with Corus Process Engineering. He is primarily involved with design projects in the steel industry, in particular the area of continuous casting: this is a refinement of the casting process to achieve the continuous high-volume production of metal sections. This allows lower-cost production and higher quality due to finer control through automation of the casting process.

He is also responsible for the health and safety, sitting on the Health and Safety Steering Group for his organisation. The group is in charge of reporting on accidents and implementing Corus-wide safety initiatives. He also checks the validity of all on-site suggestions made through Innov8, the divisional and site wide suggestion scheme. He decides whether or not to pursue the idea.

One of his recent projects was a design study for the Port Talbot Steelworks 350 tonne teeming ladle fleet -- ladles are containers used to transport and pour out molten metals. The following account is of a day shortly after his visit to Port Talbot. Mark was responsible for amendments to the ladles, ensuring they could carry a heavier weight while remaining the same weight themselves.

0830 Get into work. Fill in last week's time sheet. Begin writing up Thursday and Friday's site visit to Port Talbot concerning the 350 tonne teeming ladle design. It was identified that weight savings could be made by removing two auxiliary trunnions, two tonnes each, and converting the riveted flat bottoms of the ladles to a dished welded structure saving 10 tonnes. This amounted to a saving of 14 tonnes on an 80 tonne ladle. Top band modifications could be completed to increase the height of metal within the ladle. Alternatively, making the ladle oval-shaped could increase the capacity without changing the pick-up pints for the ladle's 500 tonne ladle crane.

0900 Begin translating the subsequent design changes into a detailed model of the Ladle using Pro Engineer software: this can be used as a checking device by recalculating the centre of gravity of the new ladle design. The ladle standard is used as a guide providing calculations to ensure the integrity of the design. This work -- punctuated by the occasional tea break -- takes up most of the morning, alongside discussions about the findings of the design study.

1230 Lunch. This normally involves a walk into Workington to carry out some errands and grab a bite to eat.

1330 Prepare for the monthly Health and Safety Steering Group meeting, ensuring several spare copies of last months minutes are available.

Discuss any new Corus safety initiatives that are being introduced and discuss the best route of implementation.

Accident statistics for the previous month are reviewed and compared to year-to-date figures. The outcomes of any accident investigations are shared and corrective action to be taken is discussed.

1530 Type up minutes and email to steering group, which includes the manager of Corus Process Engineering, three department managers, two section managers, an H&S manager two supervisors and an HR manager.

1630 Check for any suggestions launched on the Innov8 database and take appropriate action to further or provide feedback as to why the suggestion will not be implemented.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Continuous Casting in the Steel Industry

### Overview

In this lesson, we will learn about continuous casting in the steel industry. We will cover the basics of the process, its benefits, and how it is implemented in real-world scenarios. This lesson is designed for primary through high school students who want to learn about engineering and manufacturing processes.

### Section 1: What is Continuous Casting?

Continuous casting is a refinement of the casting process that allows for the high-volume production of metal sections at a lower cost and with higher quality. Instead of casting metal in individual pieces, continuous casting involves pouring liquid metal into a mold and continuously moving it through cooling and solidification stages. This results in a long, continuous strand of metal that can be cut into smaller sections as needed.

### Section 2: Benefits of Continuous Casting

There are several benefits to using continuous casting in the steel industry:

1. Lower Costs: Continuous casting allows for higher volume production, which means lower costs per unit of steel.
2. Higher Quality: The automation of the casting process allows for finer control over the quality of the steel, resulting in a more consistent product.
3. Increased Efficiency: Continuous casting reduces the need for manual labor and speeds up the overall production process.

### Section 3: Real-World Examples

One real-world example of continuous casting in action is the Port Talbot Steelworks in Wales. Here, a design study was recently completed for the 350 tonne teeming ladle fleet. Ladles are containers used to transport and pour out molten steel from the furnace. By improving the design of these ladles, the efficiency of the continuous casting process can be increased even further.

### Section 4: Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about continuous casting in the steel industry and its benefits. We also explored a real-world example of how this process is being implemented at the Port Talbot Steelworks. By understanding the principles behind continuous casting, students can apply this knowledge to other engineering and manufacturing processes they may encounter in the future.