text:
This invention relates generally to key holders, and more particularly to a key holder which releasably secures a preselected key or group of keys thereto in a manner which permits the key or group of keys to be quickly and easily detached from the main portion of the key holder when desired, and to a key holder which lends itself to many ornamental designs and shapes because of its simple, uncomplicated construction.
A wide variety of keyrings, key holders and key cases have been heretofore available for receiving and maintaining keys in assembled sets so that they are less likely to be lost or misplaced. However, it has been found that for various reasons it is often necessary or desirable to temporarily disassemble individual keys from key holders to prevent the use of the disassembled keys by strangers while at the same time permitting access to the remaining keys on the key holder. This has conventionally been done by having two seperate rings associated with the holder, one of which is releasably detachable from the holder. One set of keys, such as car keys, may be mounted on the detachable ring, while the user's other keys, such as house keys, etc. may be mounted on the other ring. Thus, while the user has to leave his car in a parking garage or lot, where the car keys have to be accessible to the operator of the garage or lot, the ring with the car keys can easily be detached from the holder and left in the car, whereby the holder with the owner's other personal keys such as house keys, may be retained by the owner so as not to be accessible to the parking attendant. One such key holder is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,984,442. A disadvantage associated with this key holder, however, is that the holder is limited to a square or rectangular shape due to the construction of its plunger element which securely retains the key to a body of the holder. Due to design constraints, it would be difficult to vary the shape and size of the key holder in accordance to customer demands (e.g., shaping the key holder to resemble a circular emblem or company logo).
Accordingly, among the several objects of the present invention are the provision of an improved key holder that while being able to readily and easily disassemble one or more keys from the key holder when desired, is also capable of being constructed in many shapes and sizes (e.g., squares, rectangles, circles, ellipses, etc.); the provision of such a key holder which permits one keyring to be disengaged therefrom with a simple manipulation which can be accomplished with one hand; and the provision of such a key holder which is simple in design and easy to manufacture.
In general, a key holder of the present invention comprises a keyring adapted to hold at least one preselected key, and a housing including an arcuate passage formed therein. The housing has a notch formed in its outer periphery which is sized to receive the keyring and a first opening formed therein at one side of the notch which communicates with an end of the passage. A plunger having a flexible arm portion is disposed within the passage and movable through an arcuate path between a position in which the flexible arm portion extends across the opening for retaining the keyring to the housing and a position in which the flexible arm portion is withdrawn into the passage for allowing the removal of the keyring from the housing. The plunger is biased to its keyring-retaining position, and the flexible arm portion is adapted to flex to conform to the shape of the passage when moving the plunger between its keyring retaining and withdrawn positions.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Patents

### Overview
In this lesson, we will learn about patents and their importance in protecting inventions. We will explore the history of patents, the process of obtaining a patent, and the benefits of having a patented invention. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the basics of patent law and how it applies to your life.

### Section 1: Introduction to Patents

A patent is a legal document that gives an inventor exclusive rights to make, use, and sell an invention for a certain period of time, usually 20 years. Patents are granted by governments to encourage innovation and creativity by giving inventors an incentive to share their ideas with the public.

The first known patent system was established in Venice in 1474. Since then, many countries have adopted patent systems to encourage innovation and economic growth. Today, patents are granted by national patent offices around the world.

### Section 2: Obtaining a Patent

To obtain a patent, an inventor must file a patent application with the appropriate patent office. The application must include a detailed description of the invention, including any drawings or models, as well as an argument for why the invention is new, useful, and non-obvious.

After the application is filed, it is examined by a patent examiner who reviews the documentation to determine if the invention meets the requirements for a patent. This process can take several years and may involve multiple rounds of revisions and rejections before a patent is finally granted.

### Section 3: Benefits of Having a Patent

Having a patent provides several benefits to inventors. First, it gives the inventor exclusive rights to their invention, meaning that no one else can make, use, or sell the invention without permission. This allows inventors to profit from their inventions by licensing them to others or selling them outright.

Second, a patent serves as proof of ownership and exclusivity. This can be valuable when seeking investment or partnerships, as it demonstrates that the inventor has taken the necessary steps to protect their intellectual property.

Finally, a patent can increase the value of a company or product. Companies with a strong portfolio of patented technologies are often seen as more valuable and attractive to investors.

### Glossary
- Patent: A legal document granting exclusive rights to an inventor to make, use, and sell an invention for a certain period of time.
- Invention: A new and useful process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof.
- Patent Office: A government agency responsible for granting patents.
- Intellectual Property: Any creative work, such as an invention, literary and artistic works, designs, and symbols, names, and images used in commerce.

### Conclusion
Patents play a crucial role in protecting inventors' rights and encouraging innovation. By understanding the basics of patent law, inventors can make informed decisions about whether to seek a patent and how to navigate the patent application process.


text: The Anthem Blue Cross and Blue Shield Foundation, LLC has awarded the New Hampshire Food Bank grant support in the amount of $30,000 towards COVID19 emergency food assistance. The NH Food Bank is truly grateful for this generous support, which will greatly aide our efforts to provide more food to our local partner agencies.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Philanthropy and Community Support

**Introduction**

In this lesson, we will learn about philanthropy and community support. We will explore the concept of giving back to the community and how it can make a positive impact on society. We will also learn about the importance of collaboration and partnership in achieving common goals.

**Section 1: What is Philanthropy?**

Philanthropy is the act of giving time, money, or resources to help others without expecting anything in return. It is an act of kindness and generosity that aims to improve the lives of people in the community.

**Section 2: Why is Community Support Important?**

Community support is essential because it helps to create a sense of belonging and unity among people. When people come together to support each other, they can achieve more significant results than working alone. Community support also promotes social cohesion, which is crucial for the development of a healthy and stable society.

**Section 3: How does Collaboration and Partnership Contribute to Community Support?**

Collaboration and partnership are essential in community support because they allow organizations and individuals to pool their resources and expertise to achieve common goals. By working together, they can create more significant and sustainable impacts on society.

**Section 4: Practical Examples of Community Support**

Practical examples of community support include volunteering at a local food bank, donating to a charity, or participating in a community clean-up event. These actions may seem small, but they can make a significant difference in someone's life.

**Glossary**

- Philanthropy: the act of giving time, money, or resources to help others without expecting anything in return.
- Community Support: the act of giving back to the community through volunteer work, donations, or other forms of support.
- Collaboration: the process of working together with others to achieve a common goal.
- Partnership: a relationship between two or more organizations or individuals to achieve a common goal.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, community support is essential for building a strong and healthy society. Through collaboration and partnership, we can achieve more significant and sustainable impacts on society. By giving back to the community, we can create a better world for ourselves and future generations.


text: Use worm gear hose clamps from Kingsun Hose Clamp Factory to help secure many types of hoses. A general-purpose worm gear hose clamp is interlocked to prevent shearing, while clamps used for exhaust have no holes, helping them prevent marring of the hose and fumes escaping. Stainless steel worm gear hose clamps resist rust and corrosion and can be used in humid or damp conditions.

textbook:
Lesson: Types of Hose Clamps and Their Uses

Introduction:
Hose clamps are essential components in various industries, including automotive, plumbing, and manufacturing. They help secure hoses and pipes, preventing leaks and ensuring that fluids or gases do not escape. In this lesson, we will explore different types of hose clamps and their uses.

Section 1: Types of Hose Clamps
- Worm Gear Hose Clamps: These clamps use a screw mechanism to tighten around the hose, securing it in place. They are commonly used in automotive applications to secure fuel, brake, and coolant hoses.
- Exhaust Hose Clamps: These clamps are designed to fit around the exhaust pipe and hose, creating a seal to prevent fumes from escaping. They are typically used in automotive and industrial applications where fumes need to be contained.
- Stainless Steel Worm Gear Hose Clamps: These clamps are made from stainless steel, making them resistant to rust and corrosion. They are ideal for use in humid or damp conditions, such as in marine applications or outdoor plumbing systems.

Section 2: Uses of Hose Clamps
- Automotive: Worm gear hose clamps are commonly used in automotive applications to secure fuel, brake, and coolant hoses. Exhaust hose clamps are used to create a seal around the exhaust pipe and hose, preventing fumes from escaping.
- Plumbing: Hose clamps are used in plumbing applications to secure water hoses and prevent leaks. Stainless steel hose clamps are ideal for use in outdoor plumbing systems or areas with high humidity.
- Manufacturing: Hose clamps are used in manufacturing processes to secure hoses and pipes, ensuring that fluids or gases do not escape. Worm gear hose clamps are commonly used in these applications due to their ability to create a tight seal.

Section 3: Applying Critical Thinking
- How might hose clamps be used in aerospace applications? While worm gear hose clamps may not be suitable for aerospace applications due to their potential to leak or degrade under extreme temperatures, other types of clamps, such as band clamps or screw clamps, may be used to secure hoses and pipes in aerospace environments.
- What factors should be considered when selecting a hose clamp? The type of hose or pipe, the material, temperature, and pressure of the fluid or gas, and the environment in which the clamp will be used should all be considered when selecting a hose clamp.

Glossary:
- Worm Gear: A mechanism that uses a screw to create tension and tighten the clamp around the hose.
- Exhaust: The release of fumes or gases, typically from a combustion engine.
- Corrosion: The gradual degradation of metal due to chemical reactions with the environment.

Conclusion:
Understanding the different types of hose clamps and their uses is essential for anyone working in industries that require the securement of hoses and pipes. By applying critical thinking and considering factors such as material, temperature, and pressure, you can select the appropriate hose clamp for your application.


text: Worthy Painting giving away Warhound Titans. Worthy Painting is getting settled into their new digs, and to celebrate, they’re giving away 3 Warhound titans.. From the update:. So we are getting ready for the grand opening of our store in preston we thought we would do something big to get the ball rolling.. We are giving away 3 Forge World Warhound Titans!. You can win one on youtube you must be subscribed to us and leave a comment on this video. You can win one on Facebook! you must like the page and leave a comment. and one on Twitter all you have to do is follow us!. For full giveaway info check out our website

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Titan Warfare

**Objective:** In this lesson, students will learn about the basics of Titan warfare in the Warhammer 40k universe. They will understand the role of Titans in battles, their strengths and weaknesses, and how to use them effectively.

**Section 1: Theoretical Concepts**

Titans are massive walking machines that are used in battles in the Warhammer 40k universe. They are powerful and can cause significant damage to enemy forces. However, they are also expensive and require a lot of resources to maintain.

**Section 2: Questions and Answers**

1. What are Titans in the Warhammer 40k universe?
2. Why are Titans important in battles?
3. What are the strengths and weaknesses of Titans?
4. How much do Titans cost?
5. Who usually operates Titans in battles?

**Section 3: Practical Examples**

Let's take an example of a Warhound Titan. The Warhound is a fast and agile Titan that is used to flank enemy forces. It has powerful guns that can cause significant damage to enemy units. However, it is not as strong as other Titans and can be easily destroyed by powerful weapons.

**Section 4: Real-World Scenarios**

Imagine you are a commander of an Imperial Guard force. You have been tasked with defending a critical position against an Ork horde. You decide to use a Warhound Titan to flank the enemy and destroy their main force. As the Titan approaches, the Orks unleash a barrage of rockets and missiles, but the Titan's armor holds up and it continues to advance. Once it reaches the enemy lines, it opens fire with its devastating guns, causing massive destruction among the Orks. However, the Orks respond with their own Titan, a massive Killa Kannon, which destroys the Warhound with a single shot.

**Section 5: Self-Debating Discussions**

1. How can you use Titans effectively in battles?
2. What are some strategies to counter Titan warfare?
3. Are Titans worth the resources required to maintain them?

**Glossary:**

- Titan: A massive walking machine used in battles in the Warhammer 40k universe.
- Warhound Titan: A fast and agile Titan used to flank enemy forces.
- Ork Horde: A group of Ork soldiers.
- Imperial Guard: A military force in the Warhammer 40k universe.
- Killa Kannon: A massive Titan gun used by the Orks.

**Conclusion:**

In this lesson, we learned about the basics of Titan warfare in the Warhammer 40k universe. We understand the role of Titans in battles, their strengths and weaknesses, and how to use them effectively. We also explored real-world scenarios and engaged in self-debating discussions to improve our critical thinking skills.


text: Visit Leeds to find a city bursting with energy. With a thriving arts scene, rich sporting heritage, and pulsating nightlife, you’ll find a city packed with variety and excitement. Alive with the spirit of urban redevelopment and grandiose Victorian architecture, Leeds mixes the classic and contemporary like no other city, making it the perfect destination for a cultural fix, shopping spree, romantic getaway, or just a raging night out. During the sixteenth and seventeenth-century Leeds was at the forefront of the wool industry, an involvement that catalysed the city’s growth. From opera and art to festivals, cuisine, and things to keep the kids busy, this proud northern city has plenty to offer.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Cultural Diversity in Cities

Introduction:
Cultural diversity is an essential aspect of any city. It adds color, flavor, and vibrancy to the city's landscape. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of cultural diversity in cities and how it enriches the lives of people living in them.

Section 1: The Significance of Cultural Diversity

Topic 1: Cultural Diversity and Urban Development
Cities are melting pots of cultures, and this is what makes them unique and vibrant. Cultural diversity plays a vital role in urban development as it attracts people from different backgrounds, promoting social interaction and economic growth.

Topic 2: The Role of Cultural Diversification in the Arts
Cultural diversity is an essential ingredient in the arts. It inspires creativity and innovation, leading to the production of works that reflect the city's multicultural identity.

Topic 3: The Impact of Cultural Diversity on Food Culture
Food is an integral part of any culture, and cultural diversity contributes to the enrichment of a city's food culture. People from different backgrounds bring their culinary traditions, which add flavor and variety to the city's dining scene.

Section 2: The Benefits of Cultural Diversity

Topic 1: Social Interaction and Understanding
Cultural diversity fosters social interaction and understanding among people from different backgrounds. It helps break down barriers and promotes tolerance and respect for others' beliefs and values.

Topic 2: Economic Growth
Cultural diversity contributes to a city's economic growth by attracting tourists, investors, and businesses. People are drawn to cities that celebrate their multicultural heritage, and this translates to increased revenue for local businesses.

Topic 3: Personal Growth
Exposure to different cultures broadens one's perspective and promotes personal growth. It encourages individuals to embrace their uniqueness and learn from others' experiences.

Section 3: The Importance of Preserving Cultural Diversity

Topic 1: The Threat of Homogenization
As cities grow, there is a risk of homogenization, where different cultures become assimilated into a dominant culture. It is essential to preserve cultural diversity to maintain the city's unique identity.

Topic 2: The Role of Education
Education plays a crucial role in preserving cultural diversity. Schools and universities should incorporate multicultural education into their curriculum to promote awareness and understanding of different cultures.

Topic 3: The Importance of Cultural Preservation
Cultural preservation is essential to maintain the city's historical and cultural heritage. It involves protecting and promoting the city's landmarks, traditions, and customs.

Conclusion:
Cultural diversity is an essential component of any city. It adds color, flavor, and vibrancy to the city's landscape. By preserving and celebrating cultural differences, cities can create a more harmonious and inclusive environment for all.

Glossary:
- Cultural Diversification: The process of integrating different cultures into a city
- Homogenization: The process of becoming similar or identical
- Multicultural Education: An educational approach that promotes awareness and understanding of different cultures

Self-Debate:
Is cultural homogeneity desirable?

Some people argue that cultural homogeneity is desirable as it promotes social harmony and reduces conflict. However, others believe that cultural diversity is essential for a city's vibrancy and richness. What do you think?


text: Independent Undergraduate Study Program. As part of the Independent Undergraduate Study Program, I was engaged in the early-stage research for developing an automated device actuated by shape memory alloy (SMA) wires for immobilizing head and neck of the patient in radiation therapy. The intent of this study was to improve the reproducibility of patient immobilizing and positioning while minimizing the positional discrepancies during the 3D conformal radiotherapy. Applying my design experience in URP and Undergraduate Thesis projects, I adopted the SMA wires and tendon-driven actuation module to minimize interference with the magnetic field, which was the main limiting factor in developing the automated device capable of better customization with higher accuracy.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Shape Memory Alloys

**Overview:** In this lesson, we will learn about shape memory alloys (SMAs), their properties, and applications in various fields such as medicine and engineering. We will also explore how SMAs can be used to develop automated devices that improve patient care and treatment outcomes.

**Section 1: What are Shape Memory Alloys?**

Shape memory alloys are materials that exhibit two unique properties: shape memory and superelasticity. When these materials are deformed, they can return to their original shape when heated or stressed. This property is called shape memory, and it allows SMAs to be used in a wide range of applications, including medical devices and aerospace components.

**Section 2: Properties of Shape Memory Alloys**

SMAs have several key properties that make them useful for certain applications:

- **Elasticity**: SMAs can be stretched and deformed without breaking, making them ideal for use in situations where materials need to be flexible and resilient.
- **Thermoresponsive**: SMAs change their properties when exposed to temperature changes, allowing them to be activated or deactivated by heat or cold.
- **Fatigue resistance**: SMAs can withstand repeated stress and strain without breaking down, making them durable and long-lasting.

**Section 3: Applications of Shape Memory Alloys**

SMAs have many potential applications in various fields, including medicine and engineering. Here are some examples:

- **Medical devices**: SMAs can be used to create devices that immobilize patients during radiation therapy, ensuring that they remain in the same position throughout treatment. This improves the accuracy of the therapy and reduces the risk of damage to healthy tissue.
- **Aerospace components**: SMAs can be used to create lightweight, flexible components for aircraft and spacecraft. These materials can withstand extreme temperatures and pressures, making them ideal for use in high-performance vehicles.
- **Robotics**: SMAs can be used to create robots that can change shape and adapt to different environments. These robots could be used for tasks such as search and rescue operations or exploring other planets.

**Section 4: Developing Automated Devices with Shape Memory Alloys**

To develop automated devices that use SMAs, engineers must consider several factors, including material selection, device design, and testing. Here are some steps involved in creating such a device:

1. Choose an appropriate SMA material based on the desired properties and application.
2. Design a device that incorporates the SMA, taking into account factors such as size, weight, and power requirements.
3. Test the device to ensure that it performs as intended under various conditions, including temperature changes and mechanical stress.

**Conclusion**

In this lesson, we have learned about shape memory alloys, their properties, and potential applications in medicine and engineering. By understanding these materials and how they can be used to create automated devices, we can improve patient care and treatment outcomes while also developing innovative technologies for use in aerospace and robotics.


text: All of the nonsense that isn't fit to print.. If Barack Obama wins the Democratic nomination his choice of running mate will become a huge issue. I've been thinking about possible choices (I know, getting way ahead of the game) and have wondered if Hillary Clinton might not be the best choice.. My reasons for Hillary have nothing to do with the usual reasons for picking a running mate. Instead, this proposition is inspired by the Bush/Cheney ticket. The thought of Cheney becoming president was enough to keep any serious impeachment talk off the table. The same might be true in the case of a VP Clinton.. There are plenty of nutcases out there. Barack would become an instant target for their hatred. Yet those same haters hate Hillary Clinton with a passion. The thought of her becoming president might be enough to offer Obama more protection than that provided by the Secret Service.. Trackback URL (right click and copy shortcut/link location)

textbook:
Lesson: How to Analyze Political News

Introduction:
Political news can be complex and difficult to understand. In this lesson, we will learn how to analyze political news by breaking it down into its main components. We will use the input text as our example.

Section 1: Understanding the Text

The first step in analyzing political news is to understand what the text is saying. Let's break down the input text into its main components:

- "All of the nonsense that isn't fit to print."
    - This phrase is a criticism of the media for publishing stories that are not worth reading.

- "If Barack Obama wins the Democratic nomination"
    - This sentence sets up a hypothetical scenario where Obama wins the nomination.

- "his choice of running mate will become a huge issue."
    - This sentence suggests that the selection of a running mate will be a significant event if Obama wins the nomination.

- "I've been thinking about possible choices"
    - The author has been considering different options for Obama's running mate.

- "I know, getting way ahead of the game"
    - The author acknowledges that they are thinking about this issue before it is necessary.

- "and have wondered if Hillary Clinton might not be the best choice."
    - The author is questioning whether Clinton would be the best choice for Obama's running mate.

Section 2: Analyzing the Text

Now that we understand the main components of the text, we can start to analyze it. Let's look at the author's reasoning for why Clinton might be a good choice:

- "The thought of Cheney becoming president was enough to keep any serious impeachment talk off the table."
    - The author believes that having Cheney as vice president protected George W. Bush from being impeached.

- "The same might be true in the case of a VP Clinton."
    - The author thinks that having Clinton as vice president could prevent serious talk of impeaching Obama.

Section 3: Applying Skills Gained

Now that we have analyzed the text, we can apply our skills to other political news stories. When reading political news, we should ask ourselves the following questions:

- What is the main point of the story?
- Who is the target audience?
- What evidence supports the claims made in the story?
- Are there any counterarguments or opposing viewpoints?

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned how to analyze political news by breaking it down into its main components and applying critical thinking skills. By understanding the text and analyzing the author's reasoning, we can better understand the message being conveyed. By applying these skills to other political news stories, we can become more informed and engaged citizens.


text: April muses of the week, boasting blossoms and blooms in celebration of the new season.. The most classic of styles, flower clad clothing isn’t limited to one particular aesthetic. These famous faces may all be fashioned in florals, but each of their looks feature the print in a way that complements their personality and the event at hand. Bell chose a modest, but sweet, Alberta Ferretti dress for the 2nd Light Up Blues Concert for Autism Speaks while Shipka stood out this week in a surprisingly sexy Nina Ricci jacquard mini. Connelly also took the statement-making route in an Alexander McQueen gown with a 3-D rose bud bodice at the premiere of her latest blockbuster, Noah. Kurkova was chic and modern in a Preen printed shirtdress for a fun night at the Lucky FABB blogger conference and Kerr kept things soft and sweet in Japan wearing a cherry-blossom covered wraparound frock.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Floral Print Clothing
## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Floral print clothing is a popular fashion trend that has been around for centuries. It is characterized by patterns that feature flowers, leaves, and other natural elements. In this lesson, we will explore the history of floral print clothing, its various styles, and the reasons why it remains a timeless classic.
## Section 2: Practical Examples
Floral print clothing can be found in a variety of styles, from dresses and skirts to blouses and pants. We will look at some examples of how floral prints can be incorporated into different outfits, including how to accessorize and pair them with other pieces.
## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Finally, we will consider some real-world scenarios where floral print clothing might be appropriate, such as a summer wedding or a garden party. We will discuss how to choose the right floral print outfit for these events and how to make sure it fits well and complements your personal style.
## Glossary
- Floral print clothing: Clothing featuring patterns of flowers, leaves, and other natural elements.
- Timeless classic: A style that remains popular and relevant over time.
- Accessorize: To add additional pieces to an outfit to enhance its overall appearance.
- Pair: To match or coordinate different items of clothing to create a cohesive outfit.
## Conclusion
Floral print clothing is a versatile and timeless classic that can be incorporated into many different outfits. By understanding the theoretical concepts behind this fashion trend, practicing with real-world examples, and considering the various styles available, you can develop a sophisticated and personalized approach to floral print clothing.


text:
"The assertions about Russia’s ostensible striving to weaken or to split Europe are absurd," he said. "We have spoken continually for a buildup of broad and equitable cooperation on the European continent that along the principle of equal and indivisible security."

"President Vladimir Putin’s well-known initiative to set up a common economic and humanitarian space from the Atlantic to the Pacific also aims to attain this objective," Lavrov said.

European politicians

Russia prefers not to characterize popular European politicians as populists and not to put such labels on them, Lavrov said.

"We try not to think in this way, in this paradigm of notions," he noted. "Of course, I would prefer not to use labels of this kind, I would say that we are talking about the politicians who are voted in by the majority of European citizens," the Russian minister added. "This means that with their ideas and action programs, the politicians managed to respond to the voters’ needs and to offer their methods of resolving the issues that Europe is currently facing."

"From a practical viewpoint, it is important to understand that Russian foreign policy does not have an ideological agenda, and the main criteria for estimating our partners is their readiness to develop equal and mutual relations with Russia basing on international law and mutual respect of each other’s interests," Lavrov continued. "In this sense, we do not care too much about the party or ideological affiliation of certain political forces that came into power as a result of the citizen’s democratic choice."

At the same time, the minister noted that "Russia is a European country itself, and the European Union is not only its neighbor, but also a key trade and economic partner." "Of course, we care about what happens "at our gates," he stated. "That is why we monitor the political and social processes taking place in European states."

According to him, Russia is "open for constructive cooperation with all interested partners, not only in Europe." "Moreover, we are ready to cooperate to the extent that our partners agree on," Lavrov stressed. "In this spirit, we welcome the commitment of many European countries’ governments, including Slovakia, to maintain dialogue with Russia based on mutual respect. I am sure that the overwhelming majority of European citizens are interested in a peaceful and prosperous continent, and do not wish to go back to the confrontation of the Cold War period.".

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding International Relations

Introduction:
International relations is the study of relationships between countries, governments, organizations, and individuals. It is an essential subject for understanding global politics, economics, and culture. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of international relations and how they affect our daily lives.

Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

1.1 What is international relations?

International relations is the study of interactions between countries, governments, and other actors in the international system. It includes the study of diplomacy, trade, security, and environmental issues.

1.2 Why is international relations important?

International relations is important because it helps us understand how countries interact with each other and how global events affect us locally. It also helps us understand how to create a better world by working together with other countries and organizations.

Section 2: Practical Examples

2.1 How do countries interact with each other?

Countries interact with each other through diplomacy, trade, and other forms of cooperation. For example, two countries may sign a treaty to reduce their carbon emissions or work together to fight terrorism.

2.2 How does international trade affect us?

International trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries. It affects us by influencing the prices of the products we buy, the jobs available in our communities, and the environment. For example, when we buy imported goods, we support the economies of other countries, but we may also contribute to pollution and resource depletion.

Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

3.1 Should countries cooperate or compete with each other?

Both cooperation and competition are necessary in international relations. Countries should cooperate to achieve common goals, such as reducing poverty and protecting the environment. They should also compete to innovate and improve their economies.

3.2 Is globalization good or bad for the world?

Globalization is both good and bad. It brings people closer together, allows for the exchange of ideas and cultures, and creates opportunities for economic growth. However, it can also lead to inequality, pollution, and other negative effects.

Glossary:
- Diplomacy: the art of managing international relations
- Trade: the exchange of goods and services between countries
- Treaty: a formal agreement between two or more countries
- Cooperate: to work together towards a common goal
- Compete: to struggle or contend with another for an objective, victory, etc.
- Globalization: the process of increasing integration and interdependence among countries

Conclusion:
In conclusion, international relations is an essential subject for understanding global politics, economics, and culture. By studying international relations, we can learn how to create a better world by working together with other countries and organizations.


text:
Understanding and treating vein graft atherosclerosis.
Vein grafts have been used as bypass conduits for coronary artery disease since the 1960s. This widely used treatment, however, is complicated by the development of changes in the vein graft, which resemble atherosclerosis and are often termed as such. They occur at about 10 years, which leads to the need for reoperation in some patients. The purpose of this review is to summarize the knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of vein graft "atherosclerosis," as well as promising new treatments for this disease. The relevant literature relating to the epidemiology, histology, cell and molecular pathophysiology and treatment of vein graft atherosclerosis is reviewed. The development of vein graft atherosclerosis differs from arterial atherosclerosis. Studies have examined the role of trauma, lipids, vasoactive mediators, smooth muscle cell mitogens, smooth muscle cells apoptosis, adhesion molecules and proteases. Therapies have been developed to prevent vein graft atherosclerosis based on these studies and have been tested using animal models and in patients. Promising new therapies have been developed based on current knowledge and further applications of genomics will allow for the further identification of risk factors and mechanistic insights. The use of arterial grafts such as the internal mammary artery, which have higher patency rates at 10 years compared with vein grafts as well as approaches to revascularize infarcted myocardium may one day replace the use of vascular conduits.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding and Treating Vein Graft Atherosclerosis
Introduction:
Vein grafts are commonly used in bypass surgery to treat coronary artery disease. However, over time, changes in the vein graft can occur that resemble atherosclerosis and are often referred to as such. This condition typically develops around 10 years after the surgery and may require additional surgical intervention. In this lesson, we will explore the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and treatment options for vein graft atherosclerosis.
Pathophysiology:
The development of vein graft atherosclerosis differs from arterial atherosclerosis. Vein graft atherosclerosis is characterized by the proliferation of smooth muscle cells and the accumulation of extracellular lipid material within the intima. This process is influenced by several factors, including trauma, lipids, vasoactive mediators, smooth muscle cell mitogens, smooth muscle cell apoptosis, adhesion molecules, and proteases.
Epidemiology:
Vein graft atherosclerosis occurs in approximately 10% of patients who undergo bypass surgery using vein grafts. The risk factors for developing vein graft atherosclerosis include male gender, advanced age, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking.
Treatment:
There are several promising treatment options for vein graft atherosclerosis. These include pharmacological therapies, such as statins and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and non-pharmacological therapies, such as lifestyle modifications and the use of endovascular devices.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, vein graft atherosclerosis is a common complication of bypass surgery that requires additional surgical intervention in some patients. Understanding the pathophysiology of vein graft atherosclerosis and exploring new treatment options is crucial for improving patient outcomes. By implementing a comprehensive approach to treatment, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, we can help prevent the development of vein graft atherosclerosis and improve the overall success of bypass surgery.


text:
Social Security Increase Needed

I am writing to express my deep disappointment in the recent announcement that there will not be a cost-of-living increase for Social Security beneficiaries next year.

Especially for a high-cost state such as ours, it is critical that Congress acts now to address this. According to polling from the Center for Community Change Action and Social Security Works, 79 percent of likely voters support expanding Social Security benefits and paying for it by asking the wealthy to pay their fair share.

A new report examining the retirement assets of the Fortune 500 CEOs finds that just 100 of them have $4.9 billion -- the same retirement savings as 41 percent of America's families.

It's further evidence that we now need to expand Social Security to help address the outrageous inequality in our country between the "haves'" and the "have-nots."

People like me are counting on it.

Win Heimer, West HartfordThe writer is executive vice president of the CT Alliance for Retired Americans.

textbook:
Lesson: Social Security Increase Needed

Introduction:
Social Security is a crucial program that provides financial support to millions of Americans who are retired or have disabilities. However, there has been a recent announcement that there will not be a cost-of-living increase for Social Security beneficiaries next year. This has led to concerns about the ability of these individuals to make ends meet. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of Social Security and why it is essential to advocate for an increase in benefits.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is the importance of Social Security and why it is essential to advocate for an increase in benefits.

Section 1: Understanding Social Security
Topic 1: What is Social Security?
Social Security is a federal program that provides financial support to retired individuals, those with disabilities, and the surviving spouses or children of deceased workers. It is funded through payroll taxes and is designed to provide a safety net for people who are no longer able to work due to old age or disability.

Topic 2: Why is Social Security important?
Social Security is essential because it provides a source of income for millions of Americans who rely on it to cover basic necessities such as food, housing, and healthcare. Without Social Security, many of these individuals would struggle financially and could even fall into poverty. Additionally, Social Security is a critical component of the U.S. retirement system, providing a stable source of income that can help individuals maintain their standard of living in retirement.

Topic 3: Who is eligible for Social Security benefits?
To be eligible for Social Security benefits, individuals must have worked and paid Social Security taxes for a certain period of time. The amount of benefits received is based on an individual's earnings history and the age at which they begin receiving benefits.

Section 2: The Importance of an Increase in Social Security Benefits
Topic 1: Why do Social Security benefits need to be increased?
There are several reasons why Social Security benefits need to be increased. Firstly, the cost of living has gone up over time, and benefits have not kept pace with these increases. Secondly, the population is aging, and more individuals are retiring and relying on Social Security as their primary source of income. Finally, the program's trust fund is projected to run out of money in the coming years, which could result in benefit cuts unless action is taken to address this issue.

Topic 2: How can an increase in Social Security benefits be funded?
One way to fund an increase in Social Security benefits is to ask the wealthy to pay their fair share. According to a recent poll, 79% of likely voters support expanding Social Security benefits and paying for it by asking the wealthy to pay their fair share. This could be done through raising taxes on high-income individuals or closing tax loopholes that benefit the wealthy.

Section 3: Advocating for an Increase in Social Security Benefits
Topic 1: Why is it important to advocate for an increase in Social Security benefits?
Advocating for an increase in Social Security benefits is important because it would help ensure that current and future beneficiaries have the resources they need to live with dignity and security. An increase in benefits would also help to address the growing income inequality in the United States, where the top 1% of earners now control more wealth than the bottom 90%.

Topic 2: How can I advocate for an increase in Social Security benefits?
There are several ways to advocate for an increase in Social Security benefits. One way is to contact your elected representatives and express your support for expanding Social Security benefits and asking the wealthy to pay their fair share. You can also join or organize a local event or rally to raise awareness about the importance of Social Security and the need for an increase in benefits. Finally, you can spread the word on social media and encourage others to get involved in the fight for a fairer and more secure retirement.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Social Security is a critical program that provides financial support to millions of Americans. However, there is a need for an increase in benefits to ensure that current and future beneficiaries can live with dignity and security. By advocating for an increase in Social Security benefits, we can help address the growing income inequality in the United States and ensure that all Americans have access to a stable source of income in retirement.

Glossary:
- Social Security: A federal program that provides financial support to retired individuals, those with disabilities, and the surviving spouses or children of deceased workers.
- Payroll taxes: Taxes that are paid by employers and employees to fund Social Security and other programs.
- Trust fund: A fund that holds the money collected from payroll taxes and is used to pay benefits to Social Security recipients.
- Retirement system: A set of programs and policies that provide income to individuals after they retire.
- Income inequality: The unequal distribution of income among individuals in a society.
- Wealth inequality: The unequal distribution of wealth among individuals in a society.
- Elected representatives: Individuals who are chosen by the public to represent their interests in government.
- Rally: A large public gathering to protest or show support for a particular issue.
- Social media: Online platforms that allow individuals to share information and connect with others.


text:
Q:

Which fragment will execute faster / generate fewer lines of code?  (C++ / JavaScript)

Which of these is more efficient in terms of speed (number of lines of code generated).
var x=obj.mem;
x.do1();
x.do2();

or
obj.mem.do1();
obj.mem.do2();

I just wrote those in a generic pattern. Specifically, if I have to access a member( or a member of a member ) , is it better to assign the common part to a variable and then use that variable or to call it directly as shown in the second case.
I'm concerned mainly about C++ and JavaScript (if it matters).
Thank You.
EDIT->
PS.I did not ask a common answer. I understand that Javascript is an interpreter language while C++ is compiler based. The little knowledge I have of JavaScript is self taught and we learned C++ for 2 years at school (and that too Turbo C++) and the rest is again self taught. So, forgive me for the confusion. I was expecting a general result assuming that the constructs are valid and considering any possible variations. Anyway, my major doubts were cleared. Thanks.
Conclusion: JS is faster with local variables (though negligible) and C++ will probably optimise to get almost equal results.
Thank You for all the input.

A:

In JavaScript the first one is faster. You would think that there shouldn't be much difference, but I ran into this while developing Dreamweaver extensions (they use JavaScript) and there is a huge difference.
I advise you to avoid long chains.
Benchmarking:
var x = {y:{z:null}};
var start = (new Date).getTime();
for(var i=0;i<1000000;i++){
    x.y.z = i;
}
alert((new Date).getTime()-start);

vs.
var x = {y:{z:null}};
var start = (new Date).getTime();
var q = x.y;
for(var i=0;i<1000000;i++){
    q.z = i;
}
alert((new Date).getTime()-start);

The second one is about 10% faster in my Firefox. But keep in mind that this is a minimalist scenario. If you work with larger object and deeper levels the difference will probably go up.
And of course it does:
var x = {a:{b:{c:{d:{y:{z:null}}}}}};
var start = (new Date).getTime();
for(var i=0;i<1000000;i++){
    x.a.b.c.d.y.z = i;
}
alert((new Date).getTime()-start);

vs.
var x = {a:{b:{c:{d:{y:{z:null}}}}}};
var start = (new Date).getTime();
var q = x.a.b.c.d.y;
for(var i=0;i<1000000;i++){
    q.z = i;
}
alert((new Date).getTime()-start);

Is 30% enough for it not to be negligible?
Regards,
Alin

A:

In C++, with the compiler optimiser turned on, they should both perform identically (at least on average).

A:

Local variables in JavaScript are faster because The further into the chain, the slower the resolution.

textbook:
Lesson: Comparing Efficiency of Code Execution in C++ and JavaScript

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will compare the efficiency of code execution in C++ and JavaScript. We will focus on two fragments of code and analyze their impact on the number of lines of code generated and the speed of execution.

Section 1: Understanding the Basics

**Topic 1: Understanding the basics of C++ and JavaScript**
C++ is a compiled language, while JavaScript is an interpreted language. This means that C++ code is compiled into machine code before it is executed, while JavaScript code is interpreted line by line during execution. As a result, C++ code tends to be faster than JavaScript code. However, this does not mean that JavaScript is always slower than C++, as there are many factors that can affect the speed of execution.

**Topic 2: Understanding the concept of local variables**
In both C++ and JavaScript, local variables are variables that are declared within a function. Local variables are faster than global variables because they do not require memory allocation at runtime. Instead, they are stored on the stack, which is a data structure that stores values temporarily during program execution.

Section 2: Analyzing the Code Fragments

**Topic 1: Analyzing the first code fragment**
The first code fragment is:

var x = obj.mem;
x.do1();
x.do2();

This code assigns the value of the `mem` member of an object `obj` to the variable `x`. Then, it calls the functions `do1()` and `do2()` on `x`. This code generates more lines of code than the second code fragment because it involves two assignments and two function calls.

**Topic 2: Analyzing the second code fragment**
The second code fragment is:

obj.mem.do1();
obj.mem.do2();

This code directly accesses the `mem` member of the object `obj` and calls the functions `do1()` and `do2()` on it. This code generates fewer lines of code than the first code fragment because it involves only one assignment and two function calls.

Section 3: Analyzing the Speed of Execution

**Topic 1: Analyzing the speed of execution in C++**
In C++, the speed of execution depends on the compiler optimization settings. If the compiler optimizes the code for speed, it may generate machine code that executes faster than the original source code. However, this is not always the case, as the compiler may optimize the code for size or other factors.

**Topic 2: Analyzing the speed of execution in JavaScript**
In JavaScript, the speed of execution depends on the interpreter used. Some interpreters are faster than others, and some are optimized for speed. In general, however, JavaScript code is slower than C++ code because it is an interpreted language.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the speed of execution and the number of lines of code generated depend on many factors, including the language used and the specific implementation details. However, in general, C++ code tends to be faster than JavaScript code because it is a compiled language. Additionally, using local variables instead of global variables can improve the speed of execution in both languages.


text: Man Patents Self-Burying Coffin 159. disco_tracy writes "A California inventor has filed a patent for a coffin that screws into the ground vertically. The reason? It greatly reduces excavation labor and burial costs, decreases land use, and opens up more space for burials in unused areas of a cemetery. Writer Clark Boyd also lists 5 other unconventional burial options, including lye, ecopods, GPS devices that track bodies buried without headstones, cryogenics and — my favorite — getting buried in the sky."

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Innovative Burial Methods

**Introduction:** In this lesson, we will explore some innovative burial methods that are becoming increasingly popular. We will learn about the benefits of these methods, as well as their drawbacks. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the importance of burial methods and how they can impact the environment and society.

**Section 1: Traditional Burial Methods vs. Innovative Burial Methods**

Traditional burial methods involve burying a person in a casket, usually in a cemetery. This method has been used for centuries and is still the most common way to bury people. However, traditional burial methods have some disadvantages. They require a lot of land, which can be expensive and hard to find. They also require a lot of labor to dig the grave and bury the casket.

Innovative burial methods are becoming more popular as people look for ways to reduce the environmental impact of burials. These methods include cremation, green burials, and even burials in space. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages.

**Section 2: Cremation**

Cremation is a popular alternative to traditional burial methods. It involves burning the body after death, reducing it to ashes. There are many benefits to cremation. It is less expensive than traditional burial methods, and it requires less land. It also allows families to keep the ashes of their loved ones, which can be scattered or kept in an urn.

However, there are some drawbacks to cremation. Some people believe that cremation is not a respectful way to treat the body, and that it goes against their religious beliefs. Additionally, cremation can release toxic chemicals into the air, which can harm the environment.

**Section 3: Green Burials**

Green burials are another innovative burial method. They involve burying a person in a natural, biodegradable casket, usually in a forest or other natural setting. This method is much more environmentally friendly than traditional burial methods, as it requires no embalming fluid or cement liners.

However, green burials can be more expensive than traditional burials, as they require specialized equipment and caskets. Additionally, not all cemeteries allow green burials, so it may be difficult to find a location that offers this option.

**Section 4: Burials in Space**

Burials in space are becoming more popular as space travel becomes more common. This method involves launching a person's remains into space, either in a rocket or a satellite. This method is very expensive, but it allows people to be buried in a unique and memorable way.

However, there are some drawbacks to burials in space. The process can be dangerous, as it involves the use of explosives to launch the rocket. Additionally, there is no guarantee that the remains will remain in space forever, as they could be pulled back to Earth by gravity.

**Conclusion:** In this lesson, we learned about the benefits and drawbacks of traditional burial methods and innovative burial methods. We saw that each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and that the choice of burial method depends on personal preferences and cultural traditions. By understanding the importance of burial methods, we can make informed decisions about how we want to be remembered after we die.


text:
The meeting was on the eve of Thursdayâs decision by the St. Petersburg City Council to not give the sidewalk to the BayWalk owners. Just in case the vote would have meant the protesters would need to move to another piece of public real estate, the group wanted to know how prospective candidate for mayor, Kathleen Ford, felt about their cause.

Some of the businesses in BayWalk, as well as the owners of the complex, felt that public demonstration was simply not good for business. This sentiment obliged the city council to determine the fate of the disputed terrain. But Ford, an attorney by profession, said that privatizing BayWalkâs sidewalk would set an awful precedence.

After Thursdayâs vote, WMNF spoke to Fordâs opponent Bill Foster. Foster, who is also an attorney, said that he would never second guess the Council. However, he would prefer a more temporary measure, like creating a new designated area for demonstrators.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Legal Implications of Privatizing Public Space

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the legal implications of privatizing public space. We will examine the case of BayWalk, a commercial complex in St. Petersburg, Florida, where business owners and the city council are debating the fate of a disputed piece of public real estate. We will also discuss the role of Kathleen Ford, a candidate for mayor, in this debate.

Section 1: Understanding the Issue

Topic 1: Privatization of Public Space
Privatization refers to the process of transferring ownership or control of something from the public sector to the private sector. In this case, the BayWalk owners want to privatize the sidewalk outside their complex, arguing that public demonstrations are bad for business.

Topic 2: Legal Implications
Privatizing public space can have significant legal implications. It may violate the constitutional right to free speech, as demonstrated by the recent Supreme Court ruling in McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission. Additionally, privatizing public space may also violate property law, as it involves the transfer of public property to private ownership.

Section 2: Analyzing the Position of Kathleen Ford

Topic 1: Support for Free Speech
Kathleen Ford, a candidate for mayor, opposes the privatization of BayWalk's sidewalk, arguing that it would set a terrible precedent. She supports the right to free speech and believes that public demonstrations are an essential part of democracy.

Topic 2: Legal Expertise
As an attorney, Kathleen Ford brings valuable legal expertise to the debate. She understands the legal implications of privatizing public space and can provide informed opinions on the matter.

Section 3: Discussing Alternatives

Topic 1: Temporary Solutions
Bill Foster, Ford's opponent, suggests creating a new designated area for demonstrators as an alternative to privatizing the sidewalk. This solution would allow businesses to operate without interference while still respecting the right to free speech.

Topic 2: Long-Term Solutions
Another option could be to create a permanent public space dedicated to demonstrations. This would provide a safe and legal environment for protesters while ensuring that businesses are not negatively impacted.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the privatization of public space is a complex issue with significant legal implications. By examining the case of BayWalk and the position of Kathleen Ford, we have gained insight into the importance of protecting free speech and the role of legal expertise in these debates. We have also discussed alternative solutions that could balance the rights of businesses and protesters. As students, it is essential to understand the legal implications of such decisions and to engage in critical thinking when evaluating different perspectives.

Glossary:
- Privatization: The process of transferring ownership or control of something from the public sector to the private sector.
- Free Speech: The right to express opinions and ideas without censorship or restraint.
- Property Law: The branch of law that governs the relationships between people and things, including ownership, use, and disposal.
- Precedent: A decision or judgment that serves as an example or rule for future decisions.


text: What a time to be alive in B2B Sales and Marketing! While we all have countless challenges facing us every day, we also have an incredible opportunity to stand out and grab market share.. Why is that? Because most of your competitors still haven't fully adapted to a sales and marketing world that's truly digital-first, and that puts buyers at the center of everything they do. They still sell the way they want to sell rather than the way people want to buy, and they think digital-first sales and marketing means doing Zoom calls, sending more emails, and spending more money on digital ads.. So what will it take to stand out in 2021? What does embracing a digital-first, buyer-centric approach to sales and marketing really mean? And what role will video play in helping you build relationships, earn trust, and create a sense of urgency in a virtual world? Find out in this opening keynote as we kick off Fast Forward, and 2021, in style.

textbook:
Lesson: Digital-First Sales and Marketing in B2B
Introduction:
In today's business-to-business (B2B) sales and marketing environment, being digital-first and buyer-centric is crucial for success. This lesson will cover what it means to embrace a digital-first approach, how to create a seamless customer experience, and the role of video in building relationships and trust.
Section 1: Embracing a Digital-First Approach
Topic 1: Understanding the Buyer's Journey
- The buyer's journey is the process that a potential customer goes through before making a purchase decision. It consists of three stages: awareness, consideration, and decision.
- As a sales and marketing professional, it is essential to understand the buyer's journey to create a seamless customer experience.
- The digital-first approach means meeting the buyer where they are in their journey and providing them with relevant content and information.
Topic 2: Creating a Digital-First Experience
- A digital-first experience means creating an omnichannel customer journey that is seamless and consistent across all channels.
- This includes providing personalized content, using data to drive decisions, and leveraging technology to enhance the customer experience.
- A digital-first experience also means being available to customers 24/7, regardless of their location or time zone.
Section 2: Building a Buyer-Centric Approach
Topic 1: Understanding Your Buyer's Needs
- To be buyer-centric, it is essential to understand your buyer's needs and pain points.
- This can be achieved by conducting market research, analyzing customer feedback, and monitoring industry trends.
- Once you understand your buyer's needs, you can create a value proposition that addresses those needs and sets you apart from your competitors.
Topic 2: Creating a Seamless Customer Experience
- A seamless customer experience means providing a consistent and personalized journey across all touchpoints.
- This includes providing relevant content, responding to inquiries promptly, and ensuring that the customer's needs are met throughout the entire buying process.
- A seamless customer experience also means integrating multiple channels, such as social media, email, and chatbots, to provide a cohesive and efficient experience.
Section 3: The Role of Video in B2B Sales and Marketing
Topic 1: Building Relationships and Trust
- Video is an effective tool for building relationships and trust with potential customers.
- By using video, you can create a personal connection with your audience and demonstrate your expertise and knowledge in your field.
- Video can also be used to showcase customer testimonials, case studies, and product demos, which can help build trust and credibility.
Topic 2: Creating a Sense of Urgency
- Video can be used to create a sense of urgency and encourage potential customers to take action.
- For example, you can use video to announce a limited-time offer, showcase a new product or service, or highlight the benefits of acting now versus later.
- By creating a sense of urgency, you can motivate potential customers to take action and close deals more quickly.
Conclusion:
Embracing a digital-first, buyer-centric approach to sales and marketing is essential for success in today's B2B environment. By understanding the buyer's journey, creating a seamless customer experience, and leveraging video to build relationships and trust, you can stand out and grab market share in a crowded market. By applying these concepts, you can create a competitive advantage and position yourself as a leader in your industry.
Glossary:
- Buyer's journey: The process that a potential customer goes through before making a purchase decision, consisting of awareness, consideration, and decision stages.
- Omnichannel: A customer experience that is seamless and consistent across all channels, including personalized content, data-driven decisions, and technology integration.
- Value proposition: A statement that explains the benefits of your product or service and sets you apart from your competitors.
- Seamless customer experience: A customer journey that is consistent and efficient across all touchpoints, including personalized content, prompt responses, and meeting customer needs.


text: non Finance, non loan, non property, non banking, non credit card. A lecturer from NUS, surnamed Wang, was giving a lecture online to his students for more than 2 hours without realizing that he was muted throughout the entire duration of the class.. The lecturer ended his lecture and asked the class if they had any questions for him, and the responses he got from his students wasn’t what he expected.. He was told that he had been muted throughout the duration of the lecture and when he realized that he had been talking for 2 hours to nobody, he was in a state of shock.. It is later understood that the students tried to let him know that he was on mute during the early duration of the lecture and even tried calling his phone to tell him but he was uncontactable.. FULL VIDEO LOADING…. Image and video sources: Singapore Incidents Youtube

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Checking Your Audio During Online Lectures

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of checking your audio during online lectures. We will cover the following topics:

1. Theoretical Concepts
2. Practical Examples
3. Real-World Scenarios
4. Glossary
5. Conclusion

Theoretical Concepts:

During an online lecture, it is essential to check your audio to ensure that you can be heard by your audience. This is because:

1. Poor audio quality can lead to a lack of clarity in your message, which can confuse or mislead your audience.
2. If your audience cannot hear you, they may become disengaged and lose interest in the lecture.
3. Checking your audio regularly helps to avoid technical difficulties that may arise due to background noise or software issues.

Practical Examples:

Let's consider a few practical examples to illustrate the importance of checking your audio during an online lecture:

1. Imagine you are giving a lecture on a complex topic, such as quantum mechanics. If your audience cannot hear you clearly, they may struggle to follow your explanation and become confused.
2. In a business context, if you are giving a presentation to investors, poor audio quality can create a negative impression and damage your credibility.
3. Even in a casual setting, such as a virtual hangout with friends, poor audio quality can ruin the experience and make it difficult to engage in conversation.

Real-World Scenarios:

Now let's consider some real-world scenarios where checking your audio is crucial:

1. A teacher giving an online lecture to their students.
2. A motivational speaker delivering a virtual speech to a large audience.
3. A musician performing in a virtual concert.

Glossary:

Here are some key terms related to this lesson:

1. Audio - the sound produced by a device or system.
2. Lecture - a talk or address given by a teacher or expert on a particular subject.
3. Online - connected to or available via the internet.
4. Virtual - relating to or being a computer-generated simulation of something, typically consisting of a representation of a physical environment allowed to interact in a seemingly real or physical way using specialized software.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, checking your audio during online lectures is an essential step to ensure that you can effectively communicate your message to your audience. By following the theoretical concepts, practical examples, and real-world scenarios outlined in this lesson, you can develop the skills necessary to deliver engaging and impactful online lectures. Remember to always double-check your audio before starting your lecture to avoid any technical difficulties that may arise.


textbook:
Lesson: How to Extract Core Values from Text
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to extract core values from a given text. We will use the input text provided above to demonstrate the process.
Core Value Extraction Process:
1. Read the input text carefully and identify the main ideas.
2. Look for patterns or themes that emerge from the text.
3. Identify the core values that underlie these patterns or themes.
4. Write a brief summary of the core values extracted from the text.
Example:
Input Text: Jonas Brothers concert pictures from ONE YEAR ago in London. Thx Claire, Olivia, Tierney, Daniele & Katie. Thx to Anna for the logo. Rolling Stone on the boys’ new album Lines, Vines and Trying Times.. Nick: ‘The title is a bit of poetry we came up with on the set for the TV show. Lines.’. They decided to explore a few new sounds, like the horn section that fleshes out the Weezer-ish ‘Poison Ivy’, a song about a toxic girl you can’t resist.. Joe:. We were really inspired by the Zutons. We heard their new record, You Can Do Anything, when we were in Europe last year and got everyone around us hooked on it. The horns just keep sounding good!. The players are these amazing Minneapolis cats who have been doing it for years and are just unreal.’ Expect JB to bring some brass on the road with them this spring, as well.
Core Values:
1. Appreciation for music and concerts.
2. Collaboration and inspiration from other musicians.
3. Creativity and experimentation in music.
Conclusion:
By following the core value extraction process, we were able to identify the underlying values in the input text. These values can serve as a guide for making decisions and taking actions that align with our personal and professional goals.


text:
SpiralFrog, EMI team on downloads

Free music site to offer Coldplay, Keith Urban

SpiralFrog Inc., which operates an ad-supported, free music and video download Web site, said Monday it will soon begin offering content from Coldplay, Keith Urban and other recording artists as part of a new licensing deal with EMI Music.

Terms of the deal between the New York-based company and Britain-based EMI Music, a unit of EMI Group PLC, were not disclosed.

The EMI deal gives SpiralFrog users access to content from two of the four major recording companies. SpiralFrog inked a licensing deal with Universal Music Group prior to launching last September.

“You’re going to see that users on our site are going to see a lot more content, so there’s going to be far fewer searches where they won’t find music they’re looking for,” said Joe Mohen, SpiralFrog’s chairman and founder.

The ad-supported service lets users in the U.S. and Canada download audio tracks and music videos for free. It pays labels and other rights holders with ad revenue.

Visitors must register and log on to the site at least once every couple of months. Otherwise, the content locks up and can’t be played.

SpiralFrog downloads also are not compatible with Apple Inc.’s line of iPods. Tracks can be downloaded onto certain devices running Microsoft Corp.’s Windows software.

Mohen said the company is pursuing content licensing deals with other labels but declined to say whether talks are being held with the two remaining major recording companies – Warner Music Group Corp. and Sony BMG Music Entertainment.

SpiralFrog is seeking to grow its audience so it can lure more advertisers and revenue. Growing its catalog of music is key.

Universal Music accounted for about 31.2 percent of all U.S. album sales this year through May 25, according to Nielsen SoundScan. EMI accounted for about 8.7 percent.

Sony BMG and Warner Music together accounted for nearly 46 percent.

Independent labels, some of which already license content to SpiralFrog, accounted for about 14.1 percent of U.S. album sales, the firm said.

SpiralFrog says it will make more than 1.1 million tracks and 4,000 music videos, not including EMI’s content, available to users within a few weeks.

“We will clearly have most major label content on our Web site by the end of the year,” Mohen said.

Mohen said the company was still about a year away from turning a profit.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Music Downloads

Overview: In this lesson, we will learn about music downloads and the different ways to access them. We will cover the basics of music downloading, including the different types of sites, the benefits of each, and how to find the best deals. We will also explore the legal implications of music downloading and how to avoid copyright infringement.

Objective: By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

1. Identify the different types of music download sites and their benefits.
2. Understand the legal implications of music downloading and how to avoid copyright infringement.
3. Find the best deals on music downloads and understand the different pricing models.
4. Apply critical thinking skills to evaluate the pros and cons of different music download sites.

Section 1: Introduction to Music Downloads

**What are music downloads?**

Music downloads are digital files that contain songs or other audio recordings. They can be downloaded from the internet and played on a computer, smartphone, or other device. There are many different types of music download sites, each with its own benefits and drawbacks.

**Why download music?**

There are several reasons why people choose to download music instead of buying physical CDs or vinyl records. Some of the benefits of music downloads include:

1. Convenience: With a music download, you can access your music collection from anywhere, as long as you have an internet connection.
2. Portability: Music downloads can be easily transferred to portable devices like iPods or smartphones, making it easy to take your music collection with you wherever you go.
3. Cost: Many music download sites offer free or low-cost options, making it easier for people to access a wide variety of music without spending a lot of money.
4. Selection: Online music stores often have much larger selections than physical stores, giving you access to a wider range of artists and genres.

Section 2: Types of Music Download Sites

There are several different types of music download sites, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. These include:

1. Ad-supported sites: These sites offer free music downloads that are supported by advertising. Users typically have to sit through a few commercials before they can download a song. Examples of ad-supported sites include Spotify and Pandora.

2. Pay-per-download sites: These sites allow users to purchase individual songs or albums for a fee. This model is similar to traditional online music stores like iTunes and Amazon Music.

3. Subscription-based sites: These sites require a monthly or yearly subscription fee, but give users access to a large library of music. Users can usually download as many songs as they want during their subscription period. Examples of subscription-based sites include Apple Music and Spotify.

4. Peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing sites: These sites allow users to share files with one another, including music files. While some P2P sites are completely legal, others may be used for copyright infringement. Examples of P2P sites include BitTorrent and Limewire.

Section 3: Legal Implications of Music Downloading

While music downloading can be a convenient and cost-effective way to access music, it's important to be aware of the legal implications. Copyright law states that the creator of a work (in this case, the artist or record label) has exclusive rights to reproduce, distribute, and perform the work. When you download music illegally, you are violating these rights and could be subject to legal penalties.

To avoid copyright infringement, make sure to only download music from reputable sources that have the appropriate licenses and permissions. Many music download sites have agreements with record labels and artists to distribute their music legally.

Section 4: Finding the Best Deals on Music Downloads

There are many different pricing models for music downloads, and it's important to understand the differences between them. Some common pricing models include:

1. Per-song pricing: With this model, users pay for each individual song they download. This can be a good option for people who only want to purchase a few favorite songs, but it can add up quickly if you're downloading a lot of music.

2. Per-album pricing: With this model, users pay a flat fee for an entire album. This can be a better deal than per-song pricing if you like multiple songs on an album, but it means you'll have to buy the whole album even if you only want a few tracks.

3. Subscription-based pricing: With this model, users pay a monthly or yearly fee for access to a large library of music. This can be a great option for people who want to download a lot of music, but it may not be cost-effective if you only want a few songs.

Section 5: Critical Thinking Discussion

Now that we've covered the basics of music downloading, let's apply some critical thinking skills to evaluate the pros and cons of different music download sites. Think about the following questions:

1. Which type of music download site (ad-supported, pay-per-download, subscription-based, or P2P) is the best option for someone who only wants to download a few songs? Why?
2. Which type of music download site is the best option for someone who wants access to a large library of music? Why?
3. Are there any legal risks associated with downloading music from P2P file sharing sites? If so, what are some ways to minimize these risks?

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we've learned about the different types of music download sites, the benefits of each, and how to avoid copyright infringement. We've also explored the legal implications of music downloading and how to find the best deals on music downloads. By applying critical thinking skills, we've evaluated the pros and cons of different music download sites.

By understanding the basics of music downloading, we can make informed decisions about where to download music and how to avoid legal issues. Whether you're a casual listener or a serious music enthusiast, this knowledge will help you enjoy and appreciate music in a responsible and legal way.


text: [Open] Commission Info!After some time of doubt and mediation, and with some necessity to support myself financially (and to improve myself artistically of course), commissions are open again!Limited slots only ;w;.Might extend slots when I'm not super busy at schoolTo-do list:1.2.3.4.5.Digital art (prices negotiable)Portrait or Half-body (100~300 or $1.25~$3.75, depending on character quantity and details involved)Full-body (400~600 or $5.00~$7.50, depending on character quantity and details involved)Sketch-dump (100 or $1.25 per character)March Weekly Sketchdump no. 2 by I-AmThatIsJamalaTraditional art (prices negotiable)Doodle (50~100 or $0.63~$1.25, depending

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Commissions in Art

## Section 1: Theory

A commission is a service that an artist provides for a client who wishes to purchase original artwork. The artist creates a piece specifically designed for the client based on their preferences and requirements. Commissions can be done digitally or traditionally, depending on the artist's skill set and the client's preference.

## Section 2: Practice

#### Questions and Answers

**Question:** What is the difference between digital and traditional commissions?
**Answer:** Digital commissions are created using digital tools such as software programs like Photoshop or Procreate, while traditional commissions are created using physical materials such as paint, pencils, or charcoal.

**Question:** How much does a commission cost?
**Answer:** The cost of a commission depends on several factors, including the complexity of the design, the level of detail required, and the time it takes to complete the piece. It is essential to discuss the cost with the artist before starting the commission process.

#### Definitions

**Commission:** A service provided by an artist where they create original artwork for a client who pays them for their work.

**Digital:** Refers to anything related to computer technology, such as digital art created using software programs.

**Traditional:** Refers to art created using traditional materials like paint, pencils, or charcoal.

#### Practical Examples

**Example 1:** An artist is commissioned to create a digital portrait of a client's pet dog. The artist uses a reference photo provided by the client and creates a digital painting using Procreate.

**Example 2:** An artist is commissioned to create a traditional painting of a landscape scene. The artist uses oil paints to create a beautiful sunset on a canvas.

#### Real-World Scenarios

**Scenario 1:** An illustrator is commissioned by a publishing company to create illustrations for a children's book. The illustrator must create several characters and scenes that fit the story's narrative while maintaining consistency throughout the book.

**Scenario 2:** A tattoo artist is commissioned to create a unique tattoo design for a client. The artist must consider the placement, size, and style of the tattoo while also incorporating the client's ideas and preferences.

## Section 3: Critical Thinking

#### Debate Topic

**Topic:** Should artists charge more for commissions based on their experience and skill level?

**Argument 1:** Yes, artists should charge more for commissions based on their experience and skill level. They have spent years honing their craft, and their expertise is valuable.

**Argument 2:** No, artists should not charge more for commissions based on their experience and skill level. The price should be based on the complexity of the design and the time it takes to complete the piece.

## Glossary

**Commission:** A service provided by an artist where they create original artwork for a client who pays them for their work.

**Digital:** Refers to anything related to computer technology, such as digital art created using software programs.

**Traditional:** Refers to art created using traditional materials like paint, pencils, or charcoal.

## Conclusion

Commissions are a great way for artists to showcase their talent and make money doing what they love. By understanding the theory behind commissions, practicing different types of commissions, and engaging in critical thinking about the industry, artists can become better at providing quality artwork for their clients.


text: myBooks vs Fathom: What are the differences?. What is myBooks? Empowering small businesses to better manage their finances. Online Accounting Software with Invoicing, Expense Management. myBooks is a cloud based accounting software for all types of small business customers. Cloud based technology makes enterprise-level power available to you and your business.. What is Fathom? Transform your accounting data into accounting intelligence. Fathom is an easy to use management reporting and financial analysis tool, which helps you to assess business performance, monitor trends and identify improvement opportunities.. myBooks and Fathom can be primarily classified as "Accounting" tools.. Some of the features offered by myBooks are:. On the other hand, Fathom provides the following key features:

textbook:
**Lesson: Comparing Accounting Tools - myBooks vs Fathom**

**Introduction:**
In today's business world, accounting tools are essential for managing finances effectively. Two popular accounting tools are myBooks and Fathom. In this lesson, we will compare these two tools and understand their features, benefits, and differences.

**Section 1: Understanding Accounting Tools**

An accounting tool is software that helps businesses to record, track, and manage their financial transactions. It enables businesses to keep track of their income and expenses, create invoices, manage payroll, and generate financial reports.

**Section 2: Comparing myBooks and Fathom**

Both myBooks and Fathom are cloud-based accounting tools designed for small businesses. However, they differ in their features and benefits. Let's compare them based on their key features:

**Features of myBooks:**
- Online Accounting Software with Invoicing and Expense Management
- Cloud-based technology for enterprise-level power
- Suitable for all types of small business customers

**Features of Fathom:**
- Easy-to-use management reporting and financial analysis tool
- Helps to assess business performance, monitor trends, and identify improvement opportunities
- Provides insights into cash flow, profitability, and productivity

**Section 3: Understanding the Differences**

While both myBooks and Fathom offer similar features, they differ in their approach and focus. myBooks is more focused on providing an online accounting software with invoicing and expense management features. On the other hand, Fathom is designed to provide insights into business performance, monitor trends, and identify improvement opportunities.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

In conclusion, myBooks and Fathom are both excellent accounting tools for small businesses. myBooks is ideal for businesses looking for an online accounting software with invoicing and expense management features. Fathom, on the other hand, is perfect for businesses seeking insights into their financial performance and improvement opportunities. By understanding the differences between these two tools, businesses can make an informed decision about which tool is best suited for their needs.

**Glossary:**
- Accounting: The process of recording, tracking, and managing financial transactions
- Cloud-based: A type of computing that relies on shared resources and central servers for data processing
- Enterprise-level: Designed for large organizations or businesses
- Insights: Understanding or knowledge gained from analyzing data

**Self-Debate Discussion:**
- How does the cloud-based technology in myBooks provide enterprise-level power to small businesses?
- Why is it essential for businesses to monitor trends and identify improvement opportunities in their financial performance?


text: The recent generous donation to the Liberace Foundation of a mysterious piano, which was a favorite of Liberace’s, is explored by Billy and the team.. The Foundation intends to make this rare piano playable for qualified artists. We seek an artifact sponsor to complete the restoration. Please contact us to take advantage of this rare opportunity. Please also comment if you have more information about the origin of this extremely rare artifact.. 4 thoughts on “Liberace Studios Video: The Golden Piano”. Amazing.. When is Piazza de Liberace Week?. It’s called Modernism Week. Palm Springs, California beginning 18th Feb 2016.. I like the recommendation to clean the piano before putting it in storage. I’m looking to have my piano stored for the time being and I think it’s important that it remains in good shape. I’ll have to make sure to clean it and find a facility that’s clean itself .

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Artifact Restoration

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Artifact restoration is the process of restoring damaged or deteriorated artifacts to their original condition. This can involve cleaning, repairing, and conserving the artifact to prevent further damage. Restoration is an important part of preserving cultural heritage and history.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's consider a hypothetical example of restoring a damaged painting. The painting has suffered water damage, causing the paint to flake off and the canvas to become warped. To restore the painting, a conservator would first carefully clean the surface to remove any dirt or grime. Next, they would repair any tears or holes in the canvas using a specialized adhesive. Finally, they would apply a protective layer of varnish to prevent further damage and preserve the painting's color and texture.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

Real-world scenarios of artifact restoration can be found in museums, historical societies, and private collections. Conservators work to preserve historical documents, artwork, and artifacts from various cultures and time periods. For example, after natural disasters such as hurricanes or earthquakes, conservators may be called in to help restore damaged artifacts in affected areas.

## Glossary
- Artifact: An object or piece of culture that has historical or cultural significance
- Conservator: A professional who specializes in preserving and restoring artifacts
- Restoration: The process of returning an artifact to its original condition

## Conclusion

Artifact restoration is an important field that helps preserve our cultural heritage and history. By understanding the theoretical concepts and applying them to real-world scenarios, we can ensure that future generations can enjoy and learn from these valuable pieces of our past.


text: STRUCTURES. This folds around more than anything. My earliest paintings from when I left art school the first time were of buildings; strange, eerie, personified buildings with blank windows for eyes. The factories and dark houses keep reccuring throughout all my bodies and various phases of artwork. Here they are again, in their latest incarnations.. The above paragraph was written in early 2012. After two years it is becoming clear to me that these newer paintings are developing similar anthropomorphic tendencies as the stuffed creatures once did. Akin to the newer landscapes, these paintings also balance metaphor with abstracted impressions of what is seen.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Structures and Metaphors in Art

Introduction:
Art has always been a way for people to express their emotions, ideas, and experiences. In this lesson, we will explore how structures and metaphors are used in art to convey deeper meanings and evoke emotions in the viewer. We will analyze the works of an artist who uses these techniques to create thought-provoking pieces that challenge our perceptions of the world around us.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is to teach students how art can be used as a means of expression and communication. By analyzing the works of an artist who uses structures and metaphors in her work, students will learn how to interpret art on a deeper level and understand the emotions and ideas that lie beneath the surface.

Section 1: Understanding Structures and Metaphors in Art

Topic 1: What are Structures and Metaphors?
Structures refer to the underlying framework or system that supports something. In art, structures can be physical or abstract, such as the lines, shapes, and colors used by the artist. Metaphors, on the other hand, are figures of speech that compare two things without using the words "like" or "as." In art, metaphors are used to create comparisons between two seemingly unrelated things, thereby revealing deeper meanings and emotions.

Topic 2: Examples of Structures and Metaphors in Art
Let's take a look at the following painting by the artist we are studying:

[Insert image of painting]

In this painting, we see a building with blank windows for eyes. This is an example of a structure being used to give the building a personified quality. The blank windows serve as a metaphor for the emptiness or loneliness that the building may feel.

Topic 3: Analyzing Art
To analyze art, we need to look beyond the surface and try to understand the deeper meanings and emotions that the artist is trying to convey. We can do this by looking at the structures and metaphors used in the artwork. Let's take another look at the painting we saw earlier:

[Insert image of painting]

What structures and metaphors can we identify in this painting? How do they contribute to the overall meaning of the artwork?

Section 2: Applying Structures and Metaphors in Art

Topic 1: Creating Art with Structures and Metaphors
Now that we understand the importance of structures and metaphors in art, let's try our hand at creating our own artwork using these techniques. Imagine you are an artist and you want to create a piece that conveys the feeling of loneliness. How might you use structures and metaphors to achieve this?

Topic 2: Analyzing Our Own Artwork
Let's take a look at the artwork we created in the previous topic. What structures and metaphors did we use to convey the feeling of loneliness? How effective were these techniques in achieving our goal?

Section 3: Conclusion

In conclusion, we have learned about the importance of structures and metaphors in art and how they can be used to convey deeper meanings and emotions. We have also applied these techniques to create our own artwork and analyzed its effectiveness. By understanding the power of art, we can appreciate it on a deeper level and use it as a means of expression and communication.

Glossary:
- Structure: The underlying framework or system that supports something.
- Metaphor: A figure of speech that compares two things without using the words "like" or "as."

[End of Lesson]