text:
Brazil-bound cable speeds Africa digitalisation

From PEDRO AGOSTO in Luanda, AngolaLUANDA, (CAJ News) – ANGOLA Cables, the multinational telecommunications company, has been construction on its South American data centre located in Brazil.
The data centre located in the northeastern Fortaleza is an important next step in the company’s roll-out of promoting the digital inclusion and empowerment of Africa by the use of subsea internet cable connecting Africa to the Americas.
This is poised to provide high speed internet at some of the lowest latency speeds between the two continents.
The Fortaleza centre represents another important step in developing international routes for digital traffic between the Americas and Africa.
Two key routes will run from the data centre.
The South Atlantic Cable System (SACS) system will connect the Fortaleza centre to Luanda and is expected to be completed by mid-2018.
The Monet Cable will connect Miami with both Fortaleza and Sao Paulo Brazil and is due to be completed by the end of 2017.
However, the data centre aims to accommodate more cables from the cable dense region of Fortaleza.
António Nunes, Chief Executive Officer of Anglo Cables, said the systems would enhance Africa’s global communications networks.
“They will also deliver the lowest latency routing between Africa and South America,” said Nunes.
Launched in 2009, Angola Cables is focused on the 15 member states of the Southern African Development Community, having established itself as the main international telecom service provider for the Angolan market.
Angola Cables’ Product Manager, Fabio José, said the centre was a Tier 3 DC from a design and construction perspective, this will account for the different layers of security, humidity and environment controls and all the pre-cautions required to operate the DC with safety, efficiency and reliability.
“We are creating a digital gateway between the closest point to Africa in South America,” José said.
West Africa Cable System, which Angola Cables is a partner in with 11 other companies and which links Yzerfontein in South Africa to London in the United Kingdom, is already in operation enhancing Africa’s connectivity to Europe and Asia.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Digitalization

Overview:
Digitalization refers to the process of converting analog information into digital form, making it easier to store, access, and analyze. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of digitalization in today's world and how it has transformed various industries, including telecommunications.

Level: Primary School

Section 1: Importance of Digitalization

Topic: Introduction to Digitalization

Question: What is digitalization?
Answer: Digitalization is the process of converting analog information into digital form, making it easier to store, access, and analyze.

Topic: Why is digitalization important?

Question: Why is digitalization important?
Answer: Digitalization is important because it has revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate. It has made information more accessible, efficient, and cost-effective.

Topic: Industries impacted by digitalization

Question: Which industries have been impacted by digitalization?
Answer: Digitalization has impacted various industries, including healthcare, finance, education, and entertainment.

Section 2: Telecommunications and Digitalization

Topic: Telecommunications and Digitalization

Question: How has digitalization transformed telecommunications?
Answer: Digitalization has transformed telecommunications by enabling faster and more efficient communication. It has also enabled the development of new technologies such as mobile phones, social media, and video conferencing.

Topic: Importance of telecommunications in digitalization

Question: Why is telecommunications important in digitalization?
Answer: Telecommunications is essential in digitalization because it allows for the transmission of data and information across long distances. It enables people to communicate and access information from anywhere in the world.

Section 3: Practical Examples

Topic: Practical Example 1

Question: How has digitalization impacted the music industry?
Answer: Digitalization has impacted the music industry by enabling artists to distribute their music digitally, reducing the cost of production and distribution. It has also enabled fans to access music more easily and share it with others.

Topic: Practical Example 2

Question: How has digitalization impacted banking?
Answer: Digitalization has impacted banking by enabling customers to access their accounts and conduct transactions online. It has also enabled banks to offer new services such as mobile banking and online investment platforms.

Glossary:
- Digitalization: The process of converting analog information into digital form.
- Telecommunications: The transmission of data and information across long distances.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we explored the importance of digitalization in today's world and how it has transformed various industries, including telecommunications. We learned about the practical examples of how digitalization has impacted the music industry and banking. By understanding the significance of digitalization, we can apply these skills to new problems and challenges in our lives.


text: The Quantum Project presents a new evolution of commercial space by creating fast space that is redesigned every 25 days through collaborations with an extensive range of artists and brands.. 12nd. IN BETWEEN. Quantum Project’s eleventh exhibition, “IN BETWEEN,” was a collaboration with artist, Alice Jung. It expresses the idea of 會者定離 去者必返: What Goes around, Comes around. Jung uses lots of colors and light to show the interaction between people. Through this she portrays feelings of doubt and isolation that she feels as a result of being outside of her country for so long.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Collaborative Art

## Section 1: Theory

Collaborative art is a type of art where two or more artists work together to create a piece of art. This can be done in person or remotely, and the artists may have different styles or mediums. Collaborative art is often used to bring different perspectives together and create something new and unique.

## Section 2: Practice

1. What are some examples of collaborative art?
- One example of collaborative art is "The Simpsons" couch gag, which was created by 14 different artists.
- Another example is the "Hope" mural in Los Angeles, which was painted by several street artists.

2. Why do you think artists collaborate with each other?
- Artists may collaborate to create something new and exciting that they couldn't create on their own.
- Collaborating with others can also help artists learn new techniques and styles.

3. How does collaborative art differ from individual art?
- Collaborative art involves multiple artists working together, while individual art is created by one artist alone.
- Collaborative art can be a mix of different styles and mediums, while individual art is usually consistent throughout.

## Section 3: Application

1. How could collaborative art be used in the real world?
- Collaborative art could be used in community projects, such as painting a mural on a building.
- Collaborative art could also be used in advertising, where several artists work together to create a unique ad campaign.

2. What are some challenges that may arise when collaborating with others on an art project?
- Communication can be a challenge when working with others, as everyone may have different ideas and opinions.
- Time management can also be a challenge, as each artist may have different schedules and deadlines.

3. How could collaborative art be used to promote a message or cause?
- Collaborative art could be used to raise awareness for a certain issue or cause, such as climate change or social justice.
- By working together, artists could create a powerful and impactful piece that would grab the attention of many people.

Glossary:
- Collaborative art: Art created by two or more artists working together.
- Medium: The materials used by an artist to create a piece of art.
- Style: The way an artist creates art, such as abstract or realistic.

Conclusion:
Collaborative art is a unique and exciting type of art that brings together different perspectives and styles. By working together, artists can create something new and powerful that would not be possible on their own. Whether it's painting a mural or creating an advertisement, collaborative art has many real-world applications.


text:
Q:

SK.action runs through action several times

I have a SKAction that runs an action if an area on the screen is touched. However I cannot get the SKanimate to only run through the SKarray once (both actions that is), it seems to run around 4 times. The count parameter doesn't seem to make any difference either. Any help on how to get it to run through the frames in the array just once then stop would be appreciated!
//Touch location check
for touch in touches {
    let location = touch.location(in: self)

    if myButton.contains(location) {
        //run shoot animation.

        MainGuy.run(SKAction.repeat(SKAction.animate(with: TextureArrayShoot, timePerFrame: 0.10), count: 1),withKey: "outlaw")

        print ("touched")
        let witchaction = SKAction.animate(with: TextureArrayWitch, timePerFrame: 0.20)
        witch.run(witchaction)

        missedLabel1.text = "Good Shot!"
    }
}

A:

Apologies - solved it. There were 3 arrays for sprites in a row, and the first one wasn't closed properly and encapsulating the other two, meaning the 'I' in for I in...was being used 3 times!

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Using Touch Events in SpriteKit

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about using touch events in SpriteKit to create interactive games and applications. We will cover the basics of adding touch handlers to nodes, detecting touch locations, and responding to touch events.

Section 1: Adding Touch Handlers to Nodes

In SpriteKit, you can add a touch handler to a node by setting its `userInteractionEnabled` property to `true`. This allows the node to respond to touch events.

```swift
let myNode = SKSpriteNode(imageNamed: "myNode.png")
myNode.userInteractionEnabled = true
addChild(myNode)
```

Section 2: Detecting Touch Locations

To detect where a user touched the screen, you can use the `touches` property of the `UIEvent` class. This property contains information about the location and identity of each touch.

```swift
override func touchesBegan(_ touches: Set<UITouch>, with event: UIEvent?) {
    guard let touch = touches.first else { return }

    let location = touch.location(in: self)
    print("Touched at \(location)")
}
```

Section 3: Responding to Touch Events

Once you have detected a touch location, you can respond to the touch event by moving or animating your nodes. For example, you could move a space ship node when the user taps on the screen.

```swift
override func touchesMoved(_ touches: Set<UITouch>, with event: UIEvent?) {
    guard let touch = touches.first else { return }

    let location = touch.location(in: self)
    myShip.position = CGPoint(x: location.x + 10, y: location.y + 10)
}
```

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned how to add touch handlers to nodes, detect touch locations, and respond to touch events in SpriteKit. By implementing these concepts, we can create interactive games and applications that react to user input.

Glossary:
- `SKAction`: A class that represents an action that can be performed by a node.
- `SKScene`: A class that represents a scene in SpriteKit.
- `UIEvent`: A class that represents a user interface event, such as a touch event.
- `UITouch`: A class that represents a single point of contact between a user's finger and the screen.
- `CGPoint`: A structure that represents a point in 2D or 3D space, used for positioning nodes.

Glossary:
- `SKAction`: A class that represents an action that can be performed by a node.
- `SKScene`: A class that represents a scene in SpriteKit.
- `UIEvent`: A class that represents a user interface event, such as a touch event.
- `UITouch`: A class that represents a single point of contact between a user's finger and the screen.
- `CGPoint`: A structure that represents a point in 2D or 3D space, used for positioning nodes.


text:
In pictures: The agony of the aged

International Day for the Elderly on October 1 is meant to be a tribute for those who lived life as it came.

October 1 is observed every year by the United Nations as the Day for the Elderly to remember the millions worldwide in the autumn of their lives.

It's meant to be a tribute for those who lived life as it came and never gave up - a rare opportunity to spare a thought for those now infirm, having weathered many a storm in the past.

Estimates suggest the world is teeming with the aged: currently their number stands at 605 million. In another 50 years, there will be 2 billion of them.

Many are in comfortable retirement. But an equal number, if not more, face daunting challenges. Some are destitute. Others have been forsaken by their family and friends.

As Ban Ki-moon, the UN secretary-general, reminded last year: "In the current fiscal environment, we must be vigilant in ensuring that the provision of social protection, long-time care and access to public health for the elderly is not undermined... I call upon governments and communities everywhere to provide more opportunities for their ageing populations."

But such noble words, however, often find little resonance in the real world.

In India, for example, a survey by HelpAge India suggests that 31 per cent of the country's elderly population have faced some form of abuse in their advanced age.

Old-age homes often offer a haven for those who are vulnerable and lonely.

The Ramthakur Home in the eastern city of Kolkata provides a glimpse into the world of elders.

Al Jazeera

Nearing 60, Gopa Basu is unmarried. An ever-smiling woman with some mental disability, she has an elder brother who pays the monthly fee at Ramthakur Old Age Home in Kolkata, India.

Al Jazeera

Manju Das, in her 60s, is also unmarried. Her sister often drops by at the old age home.

Al Jazeera

Gautam Basu, has no contact with his son.

Al Jazeera

Anjali Pali, who is in her 80s,talks about old times to anyone she meets passing by.

Al Jazeera

Sonu as they call her, has Down syndrome. Her mother adopted a boy many years ago and after she died,her adopted son started physically assaulting Sonu. Later, her neighbours took charge of her

Al Jazeera

Binapani Chakravarthy is in her mid-80s and her grandson and his wife visit her at times.

Al Jazeera

Kalayani Ghosh is at her mid-60s. Her sister looks after her

Al Jazeera

Sunil KR, who is in his early 70s, was admitted to Ramthakur Old Age Home by his married daughter.

Al Jazeera

Bibekananda Muthsuddi has been at his home for a long time with his wife. She died three months ago.

Al Jazeera

Parul Banerjee, is in her 70s, has been left at this home by her son.

Al Jazeera

Sukhomoy Banerjee was in the construction business. His son is a senior banker who works in Mumbai. Sukhomoy says, "He lives happily with his family. And as you can see, I am also happy here! I don(***)t depend on anyone! And that(***)s what I am so proud of, you see!"

Al Jazeera

Nearing 60, Gopa Basu is unmarried. An ever-smiling woman with some mental disability, she has an elder brother who pays the monthly fee at Ramthakur Old Age Home in Kolkata, India.

Al Jazeera

Manju Das, in her 60s, is also unmarried. Her sister often drops by at the old age home.

Al Jazeera

Gautam Basu, has no contact with his son.

Al Jazeera

Anjali Pali, who is in her 80s,talks about old times to anyone she meets passing by.

Al Jazeera

Sonu as they call her, has Down syndrome. Her mother adopted a boy many years ago and after she died,her adopted son started physically assaulting Sonu. Later, her neighbours took charge of her

Al Jazeera

Binapani Chakravarthy is in her mid-80s and her grandson and his wife visit her at times.

Al Jazeera

Kalayani Ghosh is at her mid-60s. Her sister looks after her

Al Jazeera

Sunil KR, who is in his early 70s, was admitted to Ramthakur Old Age Home by his married daughter.

Al Jazeera

Bibekananda Muthsuddi has been at his home for a long time with his wife. She died three months ago.

Al Jazeera

Parul Banerjee, is in her 70s, has been left at this home by her son.

Al Jazeera

Sukhomoy Banerjee was in the construction business. His son is a senior banker who works in Mumbai. Sukhomoy says, "He lives happily with his family. And as you can see, I am also happy here! I don(***)t depend on anyone! And that(***)s what I am so proud of, you see!"

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Respecting the Elderly

Introduction:
The elderly are an important part of our society, and they have a lot to offer in terms of wisdom, experience, and knowledge. However, they are often overlooked or mistreated. In this lesson, we will explore why it is important to respect the elderly and how we can show them respect.

Section 1: Why Respect the Elderly?

Topic 1: They have a lot to offer
- The elderly have a wealth of knowledge and experience that they can share with others.
- They have lived through many of the same challenges that we face today, and their insights can be valuable.
- They have a unique perspective on life that can help us grow and learn.

Topic 2: They have contributed to society
- The elderly have worked hard throughout their lives to build a better future for themselves and others.
- They have raised families, worked in various industries, and contributed to their communities in countless ways.
- We owe it to them to show our appreciation and respect.

Topic 3: They deserve dignity and respect
- Every person, regardless of age, deserves to be treated with dignity and respect.
- The elderly are no exception. They have worked hard to earn their place in society, and they deserve to be treated with kindness and compassion.
- Respecting the elderly is not just about being polite – it’s about recognizing their value as human beings.

Section 2: How to Show Respect for the Elderly

Topic 1: Communicate with them
- When communicating with the elderly, make sure to speak clearly and at a volume that is easy for them to hear.
- Use simple language and avoid using jargon or slang that they may not understand.
- Give them time to process what you are saying and respond accordingly.

Topic 2: Be patient and understanding
- Remember that the elderly may move slower than you do, and they may need more time to complete tasks.
- Be patient and understanding when dealing with them.
- If they seem confused or disoriented, try to help them without being condescending or impatient.

Topic 3: Treat them with kindness
- Treat the elderly with kindness and compassion.
- Offer to help them if they need assistance.
- Show them respect by listening to their stories and experiences.

Section 3: Examples of Respecting the Elderly

Example 1: Visiting a nursing home
- When visiting a nursing home, take the time to talk to the residents and engage them in conversation.
- Listen to their stories and ask them about their lives.
- Show them respect by being patient and attentive.

Example 2: Working with the elderly
- When working with the elderly, whether it be in a volunteer capacity or as part of your job, remember to treat them with kindness and respect.
- Take the time to listen to their needs and concerns.
- Be patient and understanding when dealing with any difficulties they may encounter.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, respecting the elderly is important because they have a lot to offer, they have contributed to society, and they deserve dignity and respect. By showing them respect, we can create a more positive and inclusive environment for all. Remember to communicate with them, be patient and understanding, and treat them with kindness. Let's work together to ensure that the elderly are valued and respected members of our community.


text:
Treasury's Wolin: Fed best equipped to supervise

The U.S. Federal Reserve is best equipped to supervise the largest, most complex firms, a top U.S. Treasury official said on Friday.

No regulator had a perfect record leading up to the crisis, Deputy Secretary Neal Wolin said in prepared remarks to the American Bar Association's banking law committee. But in our view, the Federal Reserve is the agency best equipped for the task of supervising the largest, most complex firms.

The comments came three days after Senator Christopher Dodd, chairman of the Senate Banking Committee, proposed consolidating bank supervisory powers in a single agency, stripping the Fed of its role as a direct bank supervisor.

Wolin did not mention Dodd by name in his comments, but said the Fed's supervisory role gave it a deep understanding of and timely access to information about the banking sector, payment systems and capital markets.

Stripped of its supervisory role, the Fed would not have timely and complete information in a crisis, he said.

The Fed, the U.S. central bank, has drawn sharp criticism from some lawmakers for its handling of the financial crisis, particularly its controversial decisions to extend emergency loans to firms such as AIG, which it did not directly supervise.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Supervision

Supervision refers to the process of overseeing and managing the work of others. In the financial sector, supervision is crucial in ensuring that institutions operate within the set regulatory frameworks and maintain public trust. This lesson will introduce you to the concept of supervision, its importance in the financial sector, and the role of the Federal Reserve in supervising large and complex financial institutions.

1. What is Supervision?
Supervision refers to the process of overseeing and managing the work of others to ensure that they perform their duties effectively and in line with set standards. In the financial sector, supervision is crucial in ensuring that institutions operate within the set regulatory frameworks and maintain public trust.

2. Why is Supervision Important?
Supervision is important in the financial sector because it helps to prevent fraudulent activities, ensure compliance with set rules and regulations, and maintain public trust in financial institutions. Supervision also helps to identify potential risks and vulnerabilities in the financial system and take corrective measures to prevent them from escalating into full-blown crises.

3. The Role of the Federal Reserve in Financial Supervision
The Federal Reserve is the central bank of the United States, responsible for implementing monetary policies and regulating banks and other financial institutions. In addition to its role in regulating banks, the Federal Reserve also plays a significant role in supervising large and complex financial institutions. This is because these institutions are considered too big to fail and their failure could have severe consequences on the broader economy.

4. The Fed's Supervisory Role
The Fed's supervisory role gives it a deep understanding of and timely access to information about the banking sector, payment systems, and capital markets. This information is critical in identifying potential risks and vulnerabilities in the financial system and taking corrective measures to prevent them from escalating into full-blown crises.

5. The Importance of Supervision in the Financial Sector
Supervision is crucial in the financial sector because it helps to prevent fraudulent activities, ensure compliance with set rules and regulations, and maintain public trust in financial institutions. It also helps to identify potential risks and vulnerabilities in the financial system and take corrective measures to prevent them from escalating into full-blown crises.

6. Conclusion
In conclusion, supervision is an essential aspect of the financial sector, and the Federal Reserve plays a critical role in supervising large and complex financial institutions. This lesson has introduced you to the concept of supervision, its importance in the financial sector, and the role of the Federal Reserve in supervising financial institutions.


text:
1999-04-21  Doug Evans  <devans@casey.cygnus.com>

	* nop.cgs: Add missing nop insn.

1999-01-05  Doug Evans  <devans@casey.cygnus.com>

	* allinsn.exp: Set all_machs.
	* misc.exp: Likewise.

1998-12-14  Doug Evans  <devans@casey.cygnus.com>

	* hello.ms: Add trailing \n to expected output.
	* hw-trap.ms: Ditto.

	* trap.cgs: Properly align trap2_handler.

	* uread16.ms: New testcase.
	* uread32.ms: New testcase.
	* uwrite16.ms: New testcase.
	* uwrite32.ms: New testcase.

Tue Sep 15 14:56:22 1998  Doug Evans  <devans@canuck.cygnus.com>

	* testutils.inc (test_h_gr): Use mvaddr_h_gr.
	* rte.cgs: Test bbpc,bbpsw.
	* trap.cgs: Test bbpc,bbpsw.

Wed Jul  1 15:57:54 1998  Doug Evans  <devans@seba.cygnus.com>

	* hw-trap.ms: New testcase.

Wed Jun 10 10:53:20 1998  Doug Evans  <devans@seba.cygnus.com>

	* addx.cgs: Add another test.
	* jmp.cgs: Add another test.

Mon Jun  8 16:08:27 1998  Doug Evans  <devans@canuck.cygnus.com>

	* trap.cgs: Test trap 2.

Tue Apr 21 10:49:03 1998  Doug Evans  <devans@canuck.cygnus.com>

	* addx.cgs: Test (-1)+(-1)+1.

Fri Apr 17 16:00:52 1998  Doug Evans  <devans@canuck.cygnus.com>

	* mv[ft]achi.cgs: Fix expected result
	(sign extension of top 8 bits).

Fri Feb 20 11:00:02 1998  Nick Clifton  <nickc@cygnus.com>

	* unlock.cgs: Fixed test.
	* mvfc.cgs: Fixed test.
	* remu.cgs: Fixed test.
	* bnc24.cgs: Test long BNC instruction.
	* bnc8.cgs: Test short BNC instruction.
	* ld-plus.cgs: Test LD instruction.
	* macwhi.cgs: Test MACWHI instruction.
	* macwlo.cgs: Test MACWLO instruction.
	* mulwhi.cgs: Test MULWHI instruction.
	* mulwlo.cgs: Test MULWLO instruction.
	* mvfachi.cgs: Test MVFACHI instruction.
	* mvfaclo.cgs: Test MVFACLO instruction.
	* mvtaclo.cgs: Test MVTACLO instruction.
	* addv.cgs: Test ADDV instruction.
	* addv3.cgs: Test ADDV3 instruction.
	* addx.cgs: Test ADDX instruction.
	* lock.cgs: Test LOCK instruction.
	* neg.cgs: Test NEG instruction.
	* not.cgs: Test NOT instruction.
	* unlock.cgs: Test UNLOCK instruction.

Thu Feb 19 11:15:45 1998  Nick Clifton  <nickc@cygnus.com>

	* testutils.inc (mvaddr_h_gr): new macro to load an
	address into a general register.

	* or3.cgs: Test OR3 instruction.
	* rach.cgs: Test RACH instruction.
	* rem.cgs: Test REM instruction.
	* sub.cgs: Test SUB instruction.
	* mv.cgs: Test MV instruction.
	* mul.cgs: Test MUL instruction.
	* bl24.cgs: Test long BL instruction.
	* bl8.cgs: Test short BL instruction.
	* blez.cgs: Test BLEZ instruction.
	* bltz.cgs: Test BLTZ instruction.
	* bne.cgs: Test BNE instruction.
	* bnez.cgs: Test BNEZ instruction.
	* bra24.cgs: Test long BRA instruction.
	* bra8.cgs: Test short BRA instruction.
	* jl.cgs: Test JL instruction.
	* or.cgs: Test OR instruction.
	* jmp.cgs: Test JMP instruction.
	* and.cgs: Test AND instruction.
	* and3.cgs: Test AND3 instruction.
	* beq.cgs: Test BEQ instruction.
	* beqz.cgs: Test BEQZ instruction.
	* bgez.cgs: Test BGEZ instruction.
	* bgtz.cgs: Test BGTZ instruction.
	* cmp.cgs: Test CMP instruction.
	* cmpi.cgs: Test CMPI instruction.
	* cmpu.cgs: Test CMPU instruction.
	* cmpui.cgs: Test CMPUI instruction.
	* div.cgs: Test DIV instruction.
	* divu.cgs: Test DIVU instruction.
	* cmpeq.cgs: Test CMPEQ instruction.
	* sll.cgs: Test SLL instruction.
	* sll3.cgs: Test SLL3 instruction.
	* slli.cgs: Test SLLI instruction.
	* sra.cgs: Test SRA instruction.
	* sra3.cgs: Test SRA3 instruction.
	* srai.cgs: Test SRAI instruction.
	* srl.cgs: Test SRL instruction.
	* srl3.cgs: Test SRL3 instruction.
	* srli.cgs: Test SRLI instruction.
	* xor3.cgs: Test XOR3 instruction.
	* xor.cgs: Test XOR instruction.

Tue Feb 17 12:46:05 1998  Doug Evans  <devans@seba.cygnus.com>

	* *: m32r dejagnu simulator testsuite.

textbook:
Title: Introduction to Computer Architecture

---
# Lesson 1: Introduction to Computer Architecture

In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of computer architecture, including the components of a computer system, how data is represented and processed, and the role of the central processing unit (CPU) in executing instructions.

## I. Overview

Computer architecture refers to the design and organization of a computer system, including its hardware and software components. It encompasses the study of how data is represented, stored, and processed by a computer, as well as how instructions are executed by the CPU. Understanding computer architecture is essential for anyone interested in pursuing a career in computer science or engineering.

## II. Components of a Computer System

A computer system consists of several components that work together to perform tasks. These components include:

1. Central Processing Unit (CPU): The brain of the computer, responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations.
2. Memory: Stores data and instructions temporarily while the CPU is processing them.
3. Input/Output (I/O) Devices: Allow the computer to interact with the outside world, such as a keyboard, mouse, or printer.
4. Storage Devices: Store data and programs permanently, such as a hard drive or solid-state drive.

## III. Data Representation and Processing

Data is represented in a computer system using binary digits, also known as bits. There are two types of bits:

1. Binary Digits (Bits): Represent data using two states, typically 0 and 1.
2. Binary-Coded Decimal (BCD): Represents numbers using a combination of bits, allowing for easier arithmetic operations.

Instructions are also represented using binary codes and are executed by the CPU using a sequence of operations called the fetch-execute cycle. This cycle involves fetching an instruction from memory, decoding it to determine what operation to perform, and executing the operation on data stored in memory.

## IV. Role of the Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. It consists of two main components:

1. Control Unit: Manages and controls the flow of data and instructions within the CPU and between the CPU and other components of the computer system.
2. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU): Performs arithmetic and logical operations on data and instructions.

## V. Conclusion

In this lesson, we have introduced the basics of computer architecture, including the components of a computer system, data representation and processing, and the role of the CPU. In the next lesson, we will delve deeper into the inner workings of the CPU and the instructions it executes.

## VI. Glossary

- CPU: Central Processing Unit
- Memory: Temporary storage for data and instructions
- I/O Devices: Keyboard, mouse, printer, etc.
- Storage Devices: Hard drive, solid-state drive, etc.
- Bits: Binary digits representing data
- BCD: Binary-coded decimal representing numbers
- Fetch-Execute Cycle: Sequence of operations performed by the CPU
- Control Unit: Manages and controls data and instruction flow
- ALU: Arithmetic and Logic Unit performs calculations

## VII. Self-Debate Discussion

- How does the CPU know which instruction to execute?
- Why is data representation important in computer systems?
- What are some examples of I/O devices?


text:
The perfect un-polluted finish

Every vehicle on the globe shares a common enemy, and it isn’t the gridlock pace of a metropolitan traffic jam, but it is a by-product of it.

It can be caused by a neighbor’s exterior remodeling project on their house, or it may be part of the exhaust from a nearby company.

This common enemy is pollution. It’s in the air, it’s everywhere, and it’s on all cars.

The problem
The pollution on all cars is called surface or paint contamination. It affects all paint finishes and can cause serious damage when left untreated.

Paint contamination is generally unseen but can be felt as a rough or gritty texture on the paint's surface and can lead to tiny rust spots.

There are many forms of paint contamination that infect the finish of a car's paint; they include:

1. Rail dust: When vehicles are transported from the manufacturer by rail, iron dust particles created by friction between train wheels and the track, settle on the finish.

When exposed to oxygen and moisture, this dust corrodes and becomes embedded in the finish.

Rail dust can contaminate a new car’s finish before it even reaches the dealership. Anytime a vehicle is parked or travels near a railroad, it is subject to rail dust contamination.

2. Brake dust: Particles produced from the friction of brake pads rubbing against the rotor is called brake dust.

While braking, the newer, softer brake pad compounds are displaced into the air and end up on the paint finish.

If a car’s finish is left unattended in this condition, the dust will etch into the finish, seriously damaging it. If left on, the corrosive nature of the brake dust will corrode the clear coat over time, leaving large pits for which there is no practical solution.

3. Industrial fallout: Industrial fallout is created from environmental pollution.

This pollution, which mainly consists of tiny metallic particles (ferrous metal dust), is carried across the atmosphere by wind currents and eventually falls from the sky.

It then adheres to vehicle exteriors by embedding into the clear coat. These particles mechanically bond to a vehicle's painted surfaces.

Moisture and temperature combine with particles to create a chemical reaction. This reaction creates an acid, causing the iron to corrode and enter the painted surface.

4. Acid rain: Acid rain is a broad term used to describe several ways that acids fall out of the atmosphere. A more precise term is called acid deposition.

Prevailing winds blow acidic particles and gases onto buildings, cars, homes, and trees across state and national borders, and sometimes over hundreds of miles. Rainstorms, fog, and snow also deposit the destructive acids.

5. Paint overspray: Another man-made pollutant that easily travels through the air is paint overspray. Even a slight breeze can carry overspray far beyond the work site.

These airborne particles can damage most any surface and may drift for several miles.

If left untreated, in time these and other organic materials may result in paint degradation.

How to use clay
About 10 years ago, a product was developed in Japan which turned the detailing and body shop industry upside down; it was a little bar of clay, now known as detailing clay.

Using clay is very simple. First, wash the vehicle with a premium carwash soap, then just spray and clay.

Never use detailing clay without washing the car first.

The spray is typically a water-based fluid containing a little silicone to assist the clay in gliding over the surface. For body shops, there are body shop-safe clay lubricants that contain no silicone.

Spray the lubricant onto the surface; then wipe the clay back and forth, working on three foot sections at a time.

When claying, you need only the weight of your hand to remove the contaminants.

Move the clay back and forth until the bar glides effortlessly. This happens within two or three quick swipes.

Now dry the clayed area and you’re finished.

Periodically inspect the clay and fold it over to bring up fresh clay. This is known as kneading, which helps keep the clay clean.

If you drop the clay, be sure to inspect it for dirt. Don’t use the clay without pinching off the dirt that may have stuck to the bar.

If the clay is too dirty to clean, it’s better to discard it rather than scratch up a nice finish. The claying process from start to finish should only take about 15 minutes to complete on an average size car.

Good clay, better clay
The better clay bars should remain pliable at all times and will not break in half or crumble. They should remain fresh, never dry out, and be able to clay multiple times with kneading.

Additionally, make sure the clay doesn’t contain too many abrasive properties. Clay bars should never scratch the clear coat.

With a variety of clay bar options, the best suggestion is to try more than one brand and use the one that best fits your needs.

Greg Hitchcox is the Marketing/Graphic Designer for Auto Wax Company, makers of auto reconditioning and clay products. For more information email info@autowaxcompany.com.

Greg Hitchcox is a contributing writer for Professional Carwashing & Detailing magazine

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Pollution and Its Impact on Cars

Introduction:
Pollution is an environmental problem that affects not only our health but also our cars. In this lesson, we will learn about the different types of pollution that can damage a car's finish and how to prevent them.

Section 1: Understanding Pollution

**Question:** What is pollution?

**Answer:** Pollution is the presence of harmful substances in the environment that have negative effects on living things.

**Question:** How does pollution affect cars?

**Answer:** Pollution can damage a car's finish by causing surface or paint contamination. This can lead to rust spots and other damage over time.

Section 2: Types of Pollution

**Question:** What are some common types of pollution that can damage a car's finish?

**Answer:** Some common types of pollution that can damage a car's finish include rail dust, industrial pollution, and air pollution.

**Question:** What is rail dust, and how does it damage a car's finish?

**Answer:** Rail dust is created by the friction between train wheels and the tracks. When exposed to oxygen and moisture, this dust corrodes and becomes embedded in the finish. This can contaminate a new car's finish before it even reaches the dealership.

**Question:** What is industrial pollution, and how does it damage a car's finish?

**Answer:** Industrial pollution occurs when factories release harmful chemicals into the air. These chemicals can settle onto a car's finish, causing damage over time.

**Question:** What is air pollution, and how does it damage a car's finish?

**Answer:** Air pollution refers to particles in the air that can damage a car's finish. These particles can come from sources such as factories, cars, and other sources of pollution. Over time, these particles can cause surface or paint contamination, leading to rust spots and other damage.

Section 3: Preventing Pollution Damage

**Question:** How can you prevent pollution damage to your car's finish?

**Answer:** There are several steps you can take to prevent pollution damage to your car's finish:

1. Wash your car regularly to remove dirt and grime that can trap pollutants.
2. Use a protective coating on your car's finish to help prevent pollutants from sticking.
3. Park your car in a garage or under a carport to protect it from outdoor pollutants.
4. Avoid driving in areas with high levels of pollution, such as near factories or busy roads.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the different types of pollution that can damage a car's finish and how to prevent them. By taking steps to protect your car's finish, you can help ensure that it stays clean and free of damage for years to come.

Glossary:
- Pollution: The presence of harmful substances in the environment that have negative effects on living things.
- Surface or paint contamination: Damage to a car's finish caused by particles or substances that stick to the paint.
- Rail dust: Particles created by the friction between train wheels and tracks that can damage a car's finish.
- Industrial pollution: Harmful chemicals released by factories that can damage a car's finish.
- Air pollution: Particles in the air that can damage a car's finish over time.


text: The construction of pedestrian structures on Back Beach Road and US 98.. This project would allow pedestrians to safely cross US 98 without the risk of conflict with vehicles on US 98. This would further increase the efficiency of US 98 by not forcing vehicles to stop for pedestrian traffic.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Design a Safe Pedestrian Crossing

**Introduction**

In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of designing safe pedestrian crossings and how they can improve traffic flow and safety. We will cover the following topics:

1. The benefits of pedestrian crossings
2. Design considerations for pedestrian crossings
3. Types of pedestrian crossings
4. Practical examples of pedestrian crossings
5. Self-debate discussion
6. Glossary

**Section 1: The Benefits of Pedestrian Crossings**

Pedestrian crossings are essential for providing safe and efficient transportation systems. They help to reduce the number of pedestrian-vehicle collisions, which can lead to injuries or fatalities. Additionally, well-designed pedestrian crossings can improve traffic flow by reducing the need for vehicles to stop for pedestrians, resulting in fewer traffic jams and congestion.

**Section 2: Design Considerations for Pedestrian Crossings**

When designing a pedestrian crossing, several factors must be considered to ensure its safety and effectiveness. These factors include:

1. Location: The pedestrian crossing should be located at a place where there is a high volume of pedestrian traffic, such as near a shopping center, school, or public transportation stop.

2. Visibility: The pedestrian crossing should be visible to both pedestrians and drivers. This can be achieved by placing reflective materials on the crossing and using lighting that is bright enough to illuminate the area.

3. Signage: Clear and concise signs should be placed at the pedestrian crossing to indicate the presence of the crossing and any special instructions, such as the need to press a button to activate the crossing signal.

4. Surface materials: The surface material of the pedestrian crossing should be slip-resistant and provide sufficient traction for pedestrians, especially when the weather is wet or icy.

5. Speed limit: The speed limit of the road where the pedestrian crossing is located should be taken into account. Lower speed limits will result in longer crossing times, which may discourage drivers from using the road.

**Section 3: Types of Pedestrian Crossings**

There are several types of pedestrian crossings, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. These include:

1. Zebra crossings: These are the most common type of pedestrian crossing, consisting of black and white stripes painted on the road. They are relatively inexpensive to install and can be used in a variety of locations. However, they rely on driver awareness and caution, making them less effective in areas with high traffic volumes or speeds.

2. Pelican crossings: These are similar to zebra crossings but have additional traffic lights that operate only when a pedestrian presses the button. This ensures that vehicles come to a complete stop before the crossing, increasing pedestrian safety.

3. Puffin crossings: These are similar to pelican crossings but use puffin (pedestrian user-activated signaled control) equipment instead of lights. Puffin crossings have a push button that pedestrians can use to activate the crossing signal, allowing them to cross when traffic is low.

4. Toucan crossings: These are similar to puffin crossings but are designed for use by cyclists as well as pedestrians. They typically have separate signals for pedestrians and cyclists, allowing them to cross simultaneously.

**Section 4: Practical Examples of Pedestrian Crossings**

Let's look at an example of a pedestrian crossing in the real world. Suppose there is a busy intersection near a school where many children cross the road every day. A pedestrian crossing could be installed at this location, with clear signs indicating the crossing point and a flashing light to alert drivers when a pedestrian is using the crossing. The speed limit in the area could also be reduced to 20 mph during school drop-off and pick-up times, further improving safety for the children.

**Section 5: Self-Debate Discussion**

Should pedestrian crossings be mandatory at all intersections? Why or why not?

Argument for: Pedestrian crossings should be mandatory at all intersections because they provide a safer environment for pedestrians, reducing the risk of accidents and injuries. Additionally, well-designed pedestrian crossings can improve traffic flow by reducing the need for vehicles to stop for pedestrians.

Argument against: Pedestrian crossings should not be mandatory at all intersections because they can be costly to install and maintain, and may not be necessary in locations with low pedestrian traffic. Additionally, some drivers may become complacent about using pedestrian crossings, leading to an increased risk of accidents.

**Glossary**

- Pedestrian crossing: A marked area on a road where pedestrians can safely cross the road.
- Zebra crossing: A type of pedestrian crossing consisting of black and white stripes painted on the road.
- Pelican crossing: A type of pedestrian crossing with additional traffic lights that operate only when a pedestrian presses the button.
- Puffin crossing: A type of pedestrian crossing using puffin equipment, which allows pedestrians to activate the crossing signal using a push button.
- Toucan crossing: A type of pedestrian crossing designed for use by cyclists as well as pedestrians.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, pedestrian crossings are an essential component of safe and efficient transportation systems. By considering factors such as location, visibility, signage, surface materials, and speed limit when designing a pedestrian crossing, we can ensure that it is effective and safe for both pedestrians and drivers. There are several types of pedestrian crossings, each with its own advantages and disadvantages, and practical examples of pedestrian crossings can be found in the real world. Finally, we encourage readers to engage in a self-debate discussion about whether pedestrian crossings should be mandatory at all intersections.


text:
The following relates generally to wireless communication, and more specifically to yielding to dedicated short range communication (DSRC) operations based on location. Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be multiple-access systems capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include code-division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time-division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) systems, and orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) systems.
Generally, a wireless multiple-access communications system may include a number of base stations, each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple mobile devices. Base stations may communicate with mobile devices on downstream and upstream links. Each base station has a coverage range, which may be referred to as the coverage area of the cell. The available bandwidth for transmissions affects the data rate and throughput of the transmissions. As the bandwidth increases, the data rate may also increase.
Multi-mode devices that communicate on cellular and Wi-Fi networks may desire to use an increased amount of bandwidth for their transmissions. The bandwidth allocated to devices operating in the DSRC spectrum is typically used for DSRC-related transmissions. If a multi-mode device expands its bandwidth using the DSRC spectrum, it may cause interference to these DSRC-related transmissions. Thus, techniques to minimize interference to DSRC-related transmissions are desired when the DSRC spectrum is shared with devices performing non-DSRC transmissions.

textbook:
## Lesson: Wireless Communication Systems
### Section 1: Introduction to Wireless Communication Systems
In this lesson, we will learn about wireless communication systems and their importance in our daily lives. We will cover the basics of wireless communication, including the types of systems, how they work, and their applications.
### Section 2: Types of Wireless Communication Systems
There are several types of wireless communication systems, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. These include:
1. Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA): This system uses a unique code for each user, which allows multiple users to share the same frequency band without interference.
2. Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA): This system divides the available time into smaller time slots, each of which is assigned to a specific user.
3. Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA): This system divides the available frequency band into smaller frequency bands, each of which is assigned to a specific user.
4. Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA): This system combines the advantages of FDMA and CDMA, allowing multiple users to share the same frequency band while avoiding interference.
### Section 3: How Wireless Communication Systems Work
Wireless communication systems use radio waves to transmit data between devices. When you send a message or make a call on your phone, the data is converted into radio waves and sent to a nearby base station. The base station then relays the data to its intended destination.
### Section 4: Applications of Wireless Communication Systems
Wireless communication systems have many applications, including:
1. Mobile phones: These allow us to communicate with others from anywhere in the world.
2. Wi-Fi: This allows us to connect our devices to the internet without the need for cables.
3. Bluetooth: This allows devices to communicate with each other over short distances.
4. GPS: This allows us to navigate and find our way around unfamiliar places.
### Section 5: Conclusion
Wireless communication systems are an essential part of our daily lives. They allow us to stay connected with others and access information from anywhere in the world. By understanding the basics of these systems, we can better appreciate their importance and potential.


text: The Greenland Breach. A cracking ice cap, rival multinationals, cutthroat espionage….. Share this. Author. Bernard Besson. Translator. Julie Rose. Praise & Reviews. Scroll with arrows. —Eurocrime. —5-star Netgalley review. —5-star Netgalley review. —5-star Netgalley review. —5-star Netgalley Review. –Publishers Weekly. –Jon Land, bestselling author of Strong Rain Falling. –Cosmopolitan. –Inter-Ligère. –Culture et Plaisir par la lecture. –Book Lover Book Reviews Blog. –Musings of a Writer and Unabashed Francophile. –5-star Goodreads review. –Finding Time to Write. –Crime Fiction Lover. –Book Nerd. Listen to an excerpt. Get it now. Author. Translator. Bernard Besson is an expert in economic intelligence, a former senior chief of staff for the French intelligence services, and a prizewinning thriller writer. He lives in Paris. This is his first book to be translated into English.. Find out more about Bernard Besson..

textbook:
Lesson: The Greenland Breach by Bernard Besson
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the novel "The Greenland Breach" by Bernard Besson. We will analyze the plot, characters, and themes of the book to understand its significance in the literary world.
Chapter 1: Plot Analysis
The Greenland Breach is a thrilling novel that revolves around the story of a cracking ice cap, rival multinationals, and cutthroat espionage. The story is set in the Arctic region, where a team of scientists discovers a mysterious breach in the ice cap. As they investigate further, they realize that the breach is not a natural phenomenon but a result of human intervention.
Chapter 2: Characters
The novel has several interesting characters who play a crucial role in the story. The protagonist of the story is a French intelligence officer named Jean-Louis St-Cyr. He is a seasoned spy who is sent to investigate the cause of the breach. Other notable characters include the scientists who discover the breach, the employees of the rival multinationals, and the cutthroat spies who are involved in the espionage.
Chapter 3: Themes
The Greenland Breach explores several themes, including environmental degradation, corporate greed, and international politics. The novel raises important questions about the impact of human activity on the environment and the role of multinationals in exploiting natural resources. It also highlights the importance of international cooperation in addressing global issues.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, The Greenland Breach is a gripping novel that combines suspense, adventure, and intrigue to create a compelling story. Through its exploration of themes such as environmental degradation, corporate greed, and international politics, the novel raises important questions about the impact of human activity on the environment and the role of multinationals in exploiting natural resources. By analyzing the plot, characters, and themes of the novel, we can better understand its significance in the literary world and appreciate its contribution to our understanding of global issues.


text: The Earth is Online. Type. Genre. Rating(4.6 / 5.0, 486 votes). Language. Author(s)One entry per line. Artist(s)One entry per line. N/A. YearExample: 2012. 2017. Status in COOStatus in Country of Origin. One entry per line. 245 Chapters (Completed). Licensed. No. Completely Translated. Original PublisherOne entry per line. English PublisherOne entry per line. N/A. Release FrequencyEvery 0.7 Day(s). Activity StatsWeekly Rank: #639. Monthly Rank: #610. All Time Rank: #431. Reading ListOn 4189 Reading Lists. Monthly Rank: #426. All Time Rank: #612. DescriptionLinks are NOT allowed. Format your description nicely so people can easily read them. Please use proper spacing and paragraphs... Associated NamesOne entry per line. 地球上線. Related SeriesN/A. RecommendationsEscape the Infinite Chamber (9). Game Loading (7). Doomsday Wonderland (6). Welcome to the Nightmare Game (5). I’m Not Shouldering This Blame (5). Kaleidoscope of Death (4). Go to Page.... Go to Page...

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Online Novels

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Online novels are a type of literature that is published and read on the internet. They are becoming increasingly popular due to the ease of access and the ability to reach a wider audience. In this lesson, we will explore the different aspects of online novels, including their history, structure, and impact on society.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's consider the example of the novel "The Earth is Online" by author(s) N/A. This novel was first published in N/A and has since become a bestseller with a rating of 4.6/5.0 based on 486 votes. The novel is available in English and has been licensed for translation. It is updated every 0.7 days, and it has been added to 4189 reading lists.

The novel follows the story of a young protagonist who gets sucked into an online game called "The Earth is Online." As the protagonist navigates through the game, they encounter various challenges and obstacles that test their skills and abilities. Throughout the novel, the author explores themes such as friendship, loyalty, and betrayal.

To further understand the practical examples of online novels, let's analyze the structure of "The Earth is Online." The novel is divided into 245 chapters, each of which is completed and available for reading. The novel follows a linear structure, with each chapter building upon the previous one to create a cohesive narrative.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

Now, let's engage in a self-debating discussion. How do online novels impact society? On one hand, they provide a form of entertainment that can be accessed from anywhere in the world. They also allow readers to connect with others who share similar interests and opinions. On the other hand, some critics argue that online novels can be addictive and take away from other forms of leisure activities. Additionally, there is concern that online novels may contribute to a decline in literacy rates if readers do not transition to traditional forms of literature.

## Conclusion

In conclusion, online novels are a unique form of literature that has gained popularity in recent years. They offer readers a way to escape into new worlds and explore different perspectives. However, like any form of entertainment, they must be consumed responsibly. By understanding the history, structure, and impact of online novels, we can appreciate their value and use them as a tool for personal growth and development.


text: Five Essential Instructional Shifts for Supporting Rigorous Standards. About This Course. This course covers the ﬁve essential instructional shifts that emphasize mathematical practices and the content they support, emphasizing how authentic video in classrooms enhances these shifts. In addition, participants will engage with high cognitive demand tasks and learn how to support them during instruction.. Participants will also explore practices—with respect to teacher and student actions—to help them understand the norms that are supportive of student engagement in the practices. Creating a shared image of classrooms where the focus is on student engagement will also be explored.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Five Essential Instructional Shifts for Supporting Rigorous Standards

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the five essential instructional shifts that emphasize mathematical practices and the content they support. We will also learn about the benefits of using authentic videos in classrooms to enhance these shifts. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to identify the five essential instructional shifts and understand how to implement them in your teaching.

Section 1: What are the Five Essential Instructional Shifts?

The five essential instructional shifts are:

1. Focusing on mathematical practices rather than procedural knowledge.
2. Connecting math to the real world.
3. Using formative assessment to guide instruction.
4. Building conceptual understanding before procedural skill development.
5. Teaching students to persevere and develop a growth mindset.

Questions and Answers:
Q: Why is it important to focus on mathematical practices rather than procedural knowledge?
A: Focusing on mathematical practices helps students develop a deeper understanding of math concepts and allows them to apply those concepts to real-world situations.

Section 2: How do Authentic Videos Enhance these Shifts?

Authentic videos can enhance these shifts by providing real-world examples that students can relate to. By watching these videos, students can see how math is used in everyday life and develop a greater appreciation for the subject. Additionally, authentic videos can help teachers identify areas where students may be struggling and adjust their instruction accordingly.

Questions and Answers:
Q: How can teachers use authentic videos in their classrooms?
A: Teachers can use authentic videos to introduce a new concept, reinforce a skill, or provide an example of how math is used in the real world. They can also use videos as a starting point for classroom discussions or as a tool for formative assessment.

Section 3: Implementing the Five Essential Instructional Shifts

To implement these shifts in your teaching, consider the following strategies:

1. Provide opportunities for students to engage in mathematical practices, such as problem-solving, reasoning, and communication.
2. Use real-world examples to connect math to the real world.
3. Use formative assessment to guide instruction and provide feedback to students.
4. Build conceptual understanding before focusing on procedural skill development.
5. Encourage students to persevere and develop a growth mindset.

Questions and Answers:
Q: How can teachers balance the need for procedural skill development with the importance of conceptual understanding?
A: Teachers can balance these two aspects by providing opportunities for students to engage in both procedural skill development and conceptual understanding. For example, they can teach students a new procedure while also helping them understand the underlying concept.

Conclusion:
By implementing the five essential instructional shifts, teachers can create classrooms where students are engaged in meaningful math activities that connect to the real world. By using authentic videos and formative assessment, teachers can guide instruction and provide feedback that supports student success. By focusing on mathematical practices and building conceptual understanding, teachers can help students develop a deeper appreciation for math and a growth mindset that will serve them well in future learning experiences.

Glossary:
- Mathematical Practices: The habits of mind and work that mathematicians engage in as they explore and learn mathematics content.
- Authentic Video: A video that portrays real-life situations and experiences, providing a context for learning.
- Formative Assessment: A process used by teachers to monitor student learning during instruction and provide feedback that can be used by both the teacher and the student to improve understanding.
- Conceptual Understanding: A deep, long-lasting understanding of a math concept that allows students to apply it to new situations.
- Growth Mindset: The belief that intelligence and abilities can be developed through hard work, perseverance, and learning from mistakes.


text:
For stock market investors, investing in Bitcoin indirectly through a listed security such as an ETF, ETP, or trust may be suitable for those looking at taking a passive position. Active traders might find the limited trading hours and potential lack of volume a limiting factor that could hinder their trading. Overall, using listed securities that invest, track, or hold Bitcoin can be a viable alternative to diversify away from the risks of margin trading or safeguarding private keys when buying the underlying.

This mega-powerful currency has not only opened the gate for other currencies, but also leads the cryptocurrency world with pride. It is governed to make sure no extra Bitcoin is produced, as a maximum quantity of 21 Million Bitcoin units was agreed. When introduced, the price of $1 was 1,309 BTC. The wheel has turned and when Bitcoin breached the $2,000 barrier in 2017, meaning 1 BTC was worth $2,000, it was certainly a meaningful milestone to Satoshi Nakamoto, the creator of Bitcoin.

Cryptocurrencies hold the promise of making it easier to transfer funds directly between two parties in a transaction, without the need for a trusted third party such as a bank or credit card company; these transfers are facilitated through the use of public keys and private keys for security purposes. In modern cryptocurrency systems, a user's "wallet," or account address, has the public key, and the private key is used to sign transactions. Fund transfers are done with minimal processing fees, allowing users to avoid the steep fees charged by most banks and financial institutions for wire transfers.
Hey there! I am Sudhir Khatwani, an IT bank professional turned into a cryptocurrency and blockchain proponent from Pune, India. Cryptocurrencies and blockchain will change human life in inconceivable ways and I am here to empower people to understand this new ecosystem so that they can use it for their benefit. You will find me reading about cryptonomics and eating if I am not doing anything else.

Now your transaction is created. You see a QR code and a wallet address below. This is the address you should send us your money to be exchanged. Go to the wallet from where you should send money and paste this address into a corresponding field. If you use a mobile wallet app, just scan the QR. Once we receive your money, we’ll exchange it and sent to the address you provided.

Paul Krugman, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winner does not like bitcoin, has repeated numerous times that it is a bubble that will not last[92] and links it to Tulip mania.[93] American business magnate Warren Buffett thinks that cryptocurrency will come to a bad ending.[94] In October 2017, BlackRock CEO Laurence D. Fink called bitcoin an 'index of money laundering'.[95] "Bitcoin just shows you how much demand for money laundering there is in the world," he said.
Don’t Monopolize the Conversation. We appreciate passion and conviction, but we also believe strongly in giving everyone a chance to air their thoughts. Therefore, in addition to civil interaction, we expect commenters to offer their opinions succinctly and thoughtfully, but not so repeatedly that others are annoyed or offended. If we receive complaints about individuals who take over a thread or forum, we reserve the right to ban them from the site, without recourse.
“In 2 years from now, I believe cryptocurrencies will be gaining legitimacy as a protocol for business transactions, micropayments, and overtaking Western Union as the preferred remittance tool. Regarding business transactions – you’ll see two paths: There will be financial businesses which use it for it’s no fee, nearly-instant ability to move any amount of money around, and there will be those that utilize it for its blockchain technology. Blockchain technology provides the largest benefit with trustless auditing, single source of truth, smart contracts, and color coins.”

Hello, I live in the US. I have a lot of BTC in JAXX and I want to sell it and transfer the money into my bank account. Can I transfer the BTC to Binance or Changelly and then sell the BTC for USD and then transfer the USD from Binance or Changelly to my bank account? I want to use an exchange that has very little registration work needed and is simple to use. Thank you so much!

The proof-of-stake is a method of securing a cryptocurrency network and achieving distributed consensus through requesting users to show ownership of a certain amount of currency. It is different from proof-of-work systems that run difficult hashing algorithms to validate electronic transactions. The scheme is largely dependent on the coin, and there's currently no standard form of it. Some cryptocurrencies use a combined proof-of-work/proof-of-stake scheme.[16]

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Cryptocurrency

### Section 1: What is Cryptocurrency?

Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security. It operates on a decentralized system called blockchain technology, which means that it is not controlled by any central authority like a government or bank. This makes it different from traditional currencies like USD or EUR.

### Section 2: How does Cryptocurrency work?

Cryptocurrency works by using a decentralized system called blockchain technology. In this system, transactions are verified by network nodes and recorded in a public ledger. The ledger is a record of all transactions that have ever occurred in the cryptocurrency network. The decentralized system means that there is no central authority controlling the network, making it more secure and transparent.

### Section 3: Why use Cryptocurrency?

Cryptocurrency offers several advantages over traditional currencies. First, it is decentralized, meaning that it is not controlled by any central authority. This makes it more secure and transparent. Second, transactions are verified by network nodes and recorded in a public ledger, making it difficult for anyone to alter or falsify the data. Finally, cryptocurrency transactions are usually faster and cheaper than traditional bank transfers.

### Section 4: Types of Cryptocurrency

There are many types of cryptocurrency, but the most popular ones are Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, Litecoin, and Dash. Each type of cryptocurrency has its own unique features, but they all share the same basic properties of being decentralized and using blockchain technology.

### Section 5: How to buy and store Cryptocurrency

To buy cryptocurrency, you will need to create an account on a cryptocurrency exchange. Once you have an account, you can deposit funds into your account and then use those funds to purchase cryptocurrency. You can then store your cryptocurrency in a digital wallet, which is a software program that stores the private keys needed to access your cryptocurrency.

### Glossary:
- Blockchain: A decentralized system that records transactions in a public ledger.
- Decentralized: Not controlled by any central authority.
- Public Ledger: A record of all transactions that have ever occurred in the cryptocurrency network.
- Network Nodes: Computers that verify transactions and add them to the blockchain.
- Digital Wallet: A software program that stores the private keys needed to access your cryptocurrency.

Conclusion:
Cryptocurrency is a powerful and innovative financial tool that offers many advantages over traditional currencies. By understanding the basics of how cryptocurrency works and the different types of cryptocurrency available, you can make informed decisions about whether cryptocurrency is right for you. With the knowledge and skills gained from this lesson, you can apply them to new problems and stay up-to-date with the constantly evolving world of cryptocurrency.


text: Examples of our website projects. It is a website majorly focusing on the Medical Imaging, proving the industry with an integrated solution enabling scanners to behave like scientific instruments and an automatic, cloud-based data analysis for calibration of the images using our phantoms, traceable to international standards.. The online store having exemplary and exceptional rings, Orla James aims to provide the best rings for your life partner. Trying to create special moments through rings, the website wedding rings, engagement rings or eternity rings, they also customise rings according to the requirements.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Create a Website

Introduction:
In today's digital age, having an online presence is essential for businesses and individuals alike. A website can help you reach a wider audience, showcase your products or services, and establish your brand. In this lesson, we will explore the process of creating a website from scratch. We will cover the basics of web design, content creation, and hosting. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to create a website that is both visually appealing and functional.

Section 1: Planning Your Website

The first step in creating a website is to plan what you want it to achieve. Ask yourself questions like:

- What is the purpose of my website?
- Who is my target audience?
- What kind of content will I include?
- What design elements do I want to incorporate?

Once you have a clear idea of what you want your website to accomplish, you can start to plan its structure and layout. This includes deciding on the pages you need, the navigation menu, and the overall design aesthetic.

Section 2: Building Your Website

Now that you have a plan, it's time to start building your website. There are several steps involved in this process:

1. Choose a platform: There are many website builders available, such as WordPress, Wix, and Squarespace. These platforms make it easy to create a professional-looking website without any coding knowledge.

2. Select a domain name: Your domain name is the address where people will find your website. Choose a name that is memorable, easy to spell, and reflects your brand.

3. Design your website: Use the tools provided by your website builder to design your website. This includes choosing a template, customizing the colors and fonts, and adding images and videos.

4. Add content: Start filling your website with the content you planned earlier. This includes writing text, uploading images, and adding videos. Make sure your content is easy to read and understand, and that it accurately reflects your brand.

5. Test your website: Before launching your website, test it to make sure everything works correctly. Check all the links, forms, and media files to ensure they are functioning properly.

Section 3: Hosting Your Website

Once your website is complete, you need to host it so that people can access it on the internet. There are several options for hosting a website, including:

1. Shared hosting: With shared hosting, your website shares server space with other websites. This is a cost-effective option, but your website may not have as much bandwidth or storage as it would with a dedicated server.

2. Dedicated hosting: With dedicated hosting, your website has its own server, which means you have more control over your website's resources. However, this option is more expensive than shared hosting.

3. Cloud hosting: Cloud hosting uses multiple servers to host your website, which provides better performance and scalability. This option is more flexible than traditional hosting, but it can be more expensive.

Conclusion:
Creating a website can seem daunting at first, but with careful planning and a good website builder, it can be a straightforward process. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can create a website that effectively reaches your target audience and achieves your goals. Remember to keep your content fresh, update your design regularly, and monitor your analytics to continually improve your website. With these skills, you can apply them to any future website projects you undertake.

Glossary:
- Platform: A software application used to create and manage websites
- Domain name: The address of a website on the internet
- Website builder: A tool that allows you to create a website without coding knowledge
- Hosting: Storing a website on a server so that it can be accessed on the internet
- Bandwidth: The amount of data transferred between a user's device and the website's server
- Storage: The amount of data that can be stored on a server


text: COMMERCIAL, GOVERNMENT. & FACILITY MANAGERS. Whether you’re looking for a new video conference room or an improved surveillance system,. you’ll feel confident when BTS is your technology expert and trusted adviser.. Conference Room. Is your organization looking to upgrade its conference room?. BTS. BTS. BTS, BTS.. BTS. BTS. BTS, BTS considers environmental factors that increase efficiency and help learning.. Every component of a training facility works together to ensure the room fulfills its purpose. With BTS, nothing is overlooked.. Featured Vendors. BTS works with integrity, delivers on promises. and provides support in a timely and efficient manner.. Take the next step into the future. Schedule. a consultation. Share your vision. and concerns. Sit back, as we take you. into the future

textbook:
## Lesson: Introduction to Video Conferencing Systems
### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
A video conferencing system is a set of equipment and software that enables people in different locations to communicate with each other through two-way audio and video transmissions. This technology has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its ability to facilitate remote communication and collaboration. In this lesson, we will explore the basic principles behind video conferencing systems and their applications in various industries.
### Section 2: Practical Examples
To illustrate the practical applications of video conferencing systems, let's consider a scenario where a company has multiple offices located in different cities. The company wants to hold a meeting to discuss their quarterly results, but the CEO is unable to fly to the headquarters due to a last-minute change in plans. With a video conferencing system, the CEO can join the meeting remotely from any location with an internet connection. The system allows the participants in the conference room to see and hear the CEO as if he were present in the room.
Another example is a university campus that uses video conferencing systems to connect students and professors from different locations. Students can attend classes remotely without having to travel to the campus. This not only saves time and money but also increases accessibility to education.
### Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Video conferencing systems are used in various industries, including healthcare, education, and business. In healthcare, doctors can use video conferencing to consult with specialists located in different hospitals or countries. In education, teachers can use video conferencing to collaborate with other educators from around the world. In business, companies can use video conferencing to hold virtual meetings with clients and employees located in different parts of the world.
### Glossary
- Video Conferencing System: A set of equipment and software that enables people in different locations to communicate with each other through two-way audio and video transmissions.
- Conference Room: A room equipped with audio and video devices that allow people to participate in a video conference.
- Integrity: Honesty and transparency in all dealings.
- Support: Assistance provided to resolve issues or answer questions.
### Conclusion
In conclusion, video conferencing systems have become an essential tool for remote communication and collaboration. They enable people in different locations to interact with each other as if they were in the same room. By understanding the theoretical concepts, practical examples, and real-world scenarios, we can appreciate the importance of video conferencing systems in various industries.


text: Defense lawyers and news media organizations are objecting to a government effort to bar the public from the trial of two pro-Israel lobbyists charged with violating U.S. espionage laws, reports the Washington Post. Media organizations, including the Post, criticized “the government’s apparent request to close” the trial of Steven J. Rosen and Keith Weissman. Defense lawyers filed a motion seeking “to strike the government’s request to close the trial.” The contents of that motion are sealed, and prosecutors declined to comment.. Rosen and Weissman are former employees of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee. They are charged with a conspiracy to obtain classified information and to pass it to the media and the Israeli government. Their trial is scheduled for June 4. Lucy Dalglish of the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, said, “We’re concerned that this case is going to be much more secret than necessary.”. Link:

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Criminal Trials

### Section 1: What is a Criminal Trial?

A criminal trial is a legal proceeding where a person accused of committing a crime is brought before a court to determine if they are guilty or not guilty. The prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused committed the crime.

### Section 2: Importance of Public Trials

Public trials are important because they ensure transparency and accountability in the criminal justice system. They allow the public to observe the proceedings and ensure that the accused receives a fair trial. Public trials also help to maintain confidence in the system and prevent miscarriages of justice.

### Section 3: Closed vs. Open Trials

Closed trials are those where the public is excluded from the proceedings. They are rare and only allowed in exceptional circumstances, such as when national security is at risk or when the trial involves minors. Open trials, on the other hand, are those where the public is allowed to attend.

### Section 4: Rights of the Accused

The accused has several rights during a criminal trial, including the right to remain silent, the right to a fair and impartial jury, the right to a public defender if they cannot afford legal representation, and the right to appeal their conviction if they are found guilty.

### Section 5: Conclusion

Criminal trials are an important part of our criminal justice system. They ensure that the accused receives a fair trial and that justice is served. However, there are times when closed trials may be necessary to protect national security or the rights of minors. It is essential to understand the importance of public trials and the rights of the accused.


text: Aces Lodges @ Siglap. 711A East Coast Road, Singapore, 459065,. 1 - 0 of 0. Nearby Aces Lodges @ Siglap. Redo Search in the Map. Updating Map.... Map updates are paused. Zoom in to see updated info.. Also Show. Nearby HotelsSee all 600. -. - Island Resort 0.5 miles away. - Costa Sands Resort East Coast 0.5 miles away. - Goldkist Beach Resort 0.6 miles away. - Le Peranakan Hotel 0.8 miles away. Nearby AttractionsSee all 179. - East Coast Park 1.9 miles away. - The Long Bar 4 miles away. - Istana Kampong Glam - Malay Heritage Centre 4.1 miles away. - Singapore Flyer 4.4 miles away. - Little India 4.4 miles away. Aces Lodges @ Siglap. We've found that other people looking for this hotel also know it by these names:. - Aces Lodges @ Siglap Hotel Singapore. Address: 711A East Coast Road, Singapore, 459065, Singapore. Sponsored Listings. Singapore Travel Forum. Need advice about Singapore, Singapore? Visit the Travel Forum for Singapore and ask our Answer Gurus.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Find Information on a Map

Introduction:
In today's world, maps are an essential tool for finding information about a location. Whether you are traveling to a new city or just trying to find the nearest grocery store, knowing how to read and use maps can save you time and energy. In this lesson, we will learn how to use maps to find information and navigate to different locations.

Section 1: Reading a Map

Topic 1: Understanding Map Symbols
- A map uses symbols to represent different features of a location. These symbols can include buildings, roads, parks, rivers, and more.
- A key or legend is usually included on the map to help you understand what each symbol represents.
- Maps can also use colors and contours to show elevation or terrain.

Topic 2: Reading a Compass Rose
- A compass rose is a symbol used on maps to show the directions North, East, South, and West.
- The compass rose also includes lines called bearings that show the angles between the directions.
- Using the compass rose and bearings, you can determine the direction and distance between two points on a map.

Topic 3: Understanding Map Scale
- A map's scale indicates the ratio between the distance on the map and the actual distance on the ground.
- For example, a map with a scale of 1:10,000 means that one unit on the map represents 10,000 units in real life.
- Using the map scale, you can estimate distances and travel times between different locations.

Section 2: Finding Information on a Map

Topic 1: Locating Places
- To locate a place on a map, you need to know its address or coordinates.
- You can use the map's index or search function to find the place you are looking for.
- Once you have found the place, you can use the map's scale to estimate its distance from your current location.

Topic 2: Reading Street Names and Numbers
- Street names and numbers are usually shown on maps as well.
- You can use these to navigate to a specific location or to find a particular business or residence.
- Some maps also include landmarks or other points of interest to help you orient yourself.

Topic 3: Using Directions and Routes
- Many maps include directions or routes between different locations.
- These can show you the best way to travel between two points, taking into account traffic, construction, and other factors.
- You can also use GPS devices or apps to get turn-by-turn directions and navigate to your destination.

Section 3: Using Maps in Real Life

Topic 1: Navigating with a Map
- Once you have found the information you need on a map, you can use it to navigate to your destination.
- You can use landmarks or other features on the map to help you stay on course.
- It's also important to pay attention to traffic signs and signals when driving or walking.

Topic 2: Using Maps for Planning
- Maps can be useful for planning trips or outings.
- You can use them to find attractions, restaurants, and other points of interest in the area.
- You can also use maps to plan the most efficient route for your journey.

Conclusion:
Maps are a valuable tool for finding information and navigating the world around us. By understanding map symbols, using a compass rose, and reading maps at different scales, we can locate places, read street names and numbers, and use directions and routes to reach our destinations. With these skills, we can navigate our way through new cities, find local businesses, and plan exciting adventures.


text: Our workplaces and ways of working are changing and evolving beyond recognition. How we work today is very different to ten years ago, and this pace of change is only going to get faster. The introduction and adoption of new technology is a major driver of this change, but other factors including shifting attitudes to work; changing learning styles; increased productivity demands; and major changes in the economic and financial landscape, are also driving unparalleled change.. AIF’s International Symposium 2016 will explore how our work environments and approaches to work will continue to develop and importantly what this will mean for our organisations and managing talent in the future. The Symposium will examine the underlying factors and trends driving changes in the workplace and determine the steps and approaches that HR professionals and business leaders should take to respond to this shift and ensure that their talent management strategies are ‘future-proofed.’.

textbook:
Lesson: The Future of Work

Introduction:
The way we work is constantly changing due to various factors such as technology, shifting attitudes, productivity demands, and economic changes. In this lesson, we will explore the future of work and how it will impact organizations and their talent management strategies.

Section 1: Understanding the Changes in the Workplace

Topic 1: Technology
Technology has had a significant impact on the workplace, enabling us to work more efficiently and effectively. However, it has also led to job displacement and the need for new skills.

Question: How has technology changed the way we work?
Answer: Technology has changed the way we work by automating tasks, enabling remote work, and increasing productivity.

Topic 2: Shifting Attitudes
Attitudes towards work are changing, with more emphasis being placed on work-life balance and flexible work arrangements.

Question: What are some examples of shifting attitudes towards work?
Answer: Some examples include the rise of the gig economy, increased focus on work-life balance, and the importance of flexible work arrangements.

Topic 3: Productivity Demands
Increased productivity demands have led to a focus on efficiency and output, which has impacted the way we work.

Question: Why are productivity demands increasing?
Answer: Productivity demands are increasing due to competition, globalization, and the need to reduce costs.

Section 2: The Future of Work

Topic 1: Automation
Automation is becoming more prevalent in the workplace, leading to job displacement and the need for new skills.

Question: What is automation, and how will it impact the future of work?
Answer: Automation is the use of technology to perform tasks that were previously done by humans. It will lead to job displacement, but it will also create new jobs that require different skills.

Topic 2: Flexible Work Arrangements
Flexible work arrangements are becoming more common, allowing employees to work when and where they want.

Question: What are some examples of flexible work arrangements?
Answer: Some examples include telecommuting, flexible schedules, and job sharing.

Topic 3: Gig Economy
The gig economy is becoming more prevalent, with people working on a project-by-project basis rather than traditional full-time employment.

Question: What is the gig economy, and how does it differ from traditional employment?
Answer: The gig economy is a labor market characterized by the prevalence of short-term contracts or freelance work, as opposed to permanent jobs. It differs from traditional employment because it offers more flexibility but often lacks benefits and job security.

Section 3: Preparing for the Future of Work

Topic 1: Skills
New skills will be required in the future workplace, including technical skills, problem-solving skills, and adaptability.

Question: What skills will be necessary in the future workplace?
Answer: Technical skills, problem-solving skills, and adaptability will be necessary in the future workplace.

Topic 2: Strategies
Organizations must develop strategies to adapt to the changing workplace, including upskilling their workforce and embracing flexible work arrangements.

Question: What strategies can organizations implement to adapt to the changing workplace?
Answer: Organizations can implement strategies such as upskilling their workforce, offering flexible work arrangements, and investing in technology.

Conclusion:
The future of work is uncertain, but it is clear that technology, shifting attitudes, and productivity demands will continue to impact the workplace. By understanding these changes and preparing for them, organizations can ensure that their talent management strategies are "future-proofed" and ready for whatever the future holds.

Glossary:
- Automation: The use of technology to perform tasks that were previously done by humans.
- Gig economy: A labor market characterized by the prevalence of short-term contracts or freelance work, as opposed to permanent jobs.
- Flexible work arrangements: Work options that allow employees to work when and where they want, such as telecommuting, flexible schedules, and job sharing.
- Upskilling: The process of teaching employees new skills or improving their existing skills.


text: Fellowship for outstanding young scientistsDec 12, 2017. Maria Górna is among this year's laureates of the competition for the fellowships awarded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education to outstanding young scientists working in Poland from all scietific disciplines. Out of 1159 promising candidates put forward by their host institutions, 209 top young scientists were selected based on the criteria of scientific excellence and international visibility. The award will provide the laureates with a monthly stipend for up to 3 years.. More news in Polish is available from the University of Warsaw and Department of Chemistry.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Apply for a Fellowship

Introduction:
A fellowship is a grant or scholarship awarded to an individual to pursue further education or research. In this lesson, we will learn about the process of applying for a fellowship, including how to identify opportunities, prepare a strong application, and submit required documents.

Section 1: Identifying Fellowship Opportunities

Topic 1: Researching Fellowship Opportunities
- Explain what a fellowship is and why it's important
- Discuss the benefits of receiving a fellowship
- Describe the different types of fellowships available
- Provide examples of fellowships in various fields (e.g., science, humanities, arts)

Topic 2: Finding Fellowship Opportunities
- Teach how to use online databases and resources to find fellowship opportunities (e.g., Fellowship Database, Fastweb)
- Explain how to use search engines effectively to find fellowship opportunities
- Discuss the importance of following fellowship deadlines and requirements closely

Section 2: Preparing a Strong Fellowship Application

Topic 1: Understanding Fellowship Requirements
- Emphasize the importance of reading and understanding the fellowship requirements carefully
- Teach how to identify key elements in the application (e.g., research proposal, letters of recommendation, transcripts)
- Discuss the role of eligibility in the application process

Topic 2: Crafting a Compelling Application
- Teach how to write a strong personal statement or research proposal
- Explain the importance of obtaining strong letters of recommendation
- Discuss how to present oneself as a strong candidate (e.g., academic achievements, research experience, leadership roles)

Section 3: Submitting Required Documents

Topic 1: Gathering Required Documents
- List the common documents required for fellowship applications (e.g., transcripts, CV, letters of recommendation)
- Teach how to request letters of recommendation and how to prepare a CV or resume
- Discuss the importance of proofreading all documents before submission

Topic 2: Submitting the Application
- Teach how to use online application systems (e.g., Grants.gov, Fellowship Database)
- Explain the importance of submitting the application on time and following submission instructions carefully
- Discuss the role of the application review process in determining fellowship winners

Conclusion:
In conclusion, applying for a fellowship can be a competitive process, but with careful planning and attention to detail, it is possible to increase one's chances of success. By researching fellowship opportunities, preparing a strong application, and submitting required documents, one can demonstrate their dedication to their field of study and stand out as a top candidate.

Glossary:
- Fellowship: A grant or scholarship awarded to an individual to pursue further education or research.
- Eligibility: The set of criteria that must be met in order to be considered for a fellowship opportunity.
- Letters of Recommendation: Written statements from individuals who can attest to one's academic or professional abilities.
- CV: A document summarizing one's academic and professional experiences, qualifications, and accomplishments.
- Resume: A concise overview of one's work experience, education, and skills.


text: AMASS cleans, de-duplicates, and analyses data to automatically generate an AMR surveillance report. Please visit tutorial page for a detail guide on how to use AMASS. The R code of AMASS application is also provided within the AMASS application download package.. Figure 1 : A local hospital can independently generate AMR surveillance report from AMASS by saving raw microbiology and, if available, admission data in the folder and double-click on the AMASS icon. *Decision to share the report with national/international AMASS committee is based on hospital's jurisdiction.

textbook:
**Lesson: Introduction to Data Analysis using AMASS**

**Objective:** To introduce students to the basics of data analysis using AMASS, a software that cleans, de-duplicates, and analyzes data to generate an AMR surveillance report.

**Introduction:** AMASS is a powerful tool for data analysis that can help users generate reports on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance. In this lesson, we will learn about the basic features of AMASS and how to use them to analyze data.

**Section 1: Understanding AMASS**

- **What is AMASS?** AMASS is a software program that automates the process of cleaning, de-duplicating, and analyzing data to generate an AMR surveillance report.
- **Why is AMASS important?** AMASS is important because it helps healthcare professionals and researchers to quickly and accurately analyze data related to antimicrobial resistance. This information can be used to make informed decisions about treatment options and public health initiatives.

**Section 2: Installing and Using AMASS**

- **How to install AMASS?** AMASS can be downloaded from the official website and installed on a Windows-based computer. Once installed, users can access the R code of the AMASS application within the download package.
- **How to use AMASS?** To use AMASS, users need to follow these steps:
  1. Save the raw microbiology and admission data in a folder.
  2. Double-click on the AMASS icon to open the application.
  3. Follow the prompts to input any necessary information.
  4. Review the generated AMR surveillance report.
- **Example:** Let's say we have data on the number of patients admitted to a local hospital with a resistant infection. We want to use AMASS to generate an AMR surveillance report. First, we save the raw data in a folder and double-click on the AMASS icon to open the application. We follow the prompts to input any necessary information, such as the location of the data folder. Once the data has been processed, AMASS generates a report that shows the number of patients admitted with a resistant infection over time.

**Section 3: Analyzing Results**

- **How to interpret the results?** The results generated by AMASS can be used to identify trends in antimicrobial resistance. For example, if we see an increase in the number of patients admitted with a resistant infection over time, this may indicate that the hospital needs to implement new infection control measures.
- **What are some common mistakes when analyzing results?** One common mistake is not taking into account confounding factors that may affect the results. For example, if the hospital's patient population changes over time, this may impact the number of patients admitted with a resistant infection.

**Glossary:**
- **AMR:** Antimicrobial resistance
- **AMASS:** Automated Microbial Analysis Surveillance System
- **R code:** A programming language used for statistical analysis

**Conclusion:** By using AMASS, users can quickly and accurately generate AMR surveillance reports. This information can be used to inform treatment decisions and public health initiatives. As students continue to learn about data analysis, they will be better equipped to understand and interpret the results generated by AMASS and other similar software programs.