text:
Correction to: Plant Methods (2019) 15:20 10.1186/s13007-019-0404-1 {#Sec1}
===================================================================

Unfortunately, the original version of the article \[[@CR1]\] contained an error. It has been brought to the attention of authors that the R108 ecotype was not derived from A17 but is rather a different subspecies derived from an accession collected in Israel, with a different plastid genome, which likely affects the ability to cross to A17.

Under the Background section, third paragraph, the second to fourth sentences should read as "The R108 ecotype is derived from a population in Israel and is a different subspecies from A17 \[[@CR2]\] the R108 genome differs significantly from the A17 genome and that of most other *M. truncatula* ecotypes in size and sequence \[22, 23\]. As a result, transferring transgenes into A17 by transforming R108 followed by genetic crosses is problematic. While crosses between A17 and R108 are possible, fertility is greatly reduced, the F1 plants are pale and sickly likely due to differences in the plastid genome \[[@CR3]\], and although plants from the F2 appear normal, the process is lengthy. However, all of the *Tnt1* mutants publicly available, as well as a set of plants carrying reporters for subcellular localization are in the R108 background \[24, 25\]."

The two new references \[[@CR2], [@CR3]\] are given below:

**Publisher\'s Note**

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Genetics and Plant Breeding

## Chapter 1: Understanding Genetics

### Section 1: What is Genetics?
Genetics is the study of how traits are passed down from one generation to another. It deals with the inheritance of physical, behavioral, and physiological characteristics. In plants, genetics plays a crucial role in plant breeding, which involves the development of new plant varieties with desirable traits.

### Section 2: Understanding DNA
DNA or Deoxyribonucleic Acid is the molecule that carries genetic information. It is composed of four building blocks called nucleotides: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). These nucleotides pair up in a specific way to form the DNA molecule. A always pairs with T, and C always pairs with G. This pairing is known as base pairing and is the basis of genetic information.

### Section 3: Genetic Variation
Genetic variation refers to the differences in the genetic makeup of individuals within a population. It is essential for plant breeding because it provides the raw material for creating new varieties with improved traits. Genetic variation can result from mutations, gene flow, genetic recombination, and selection.

### Section 4: Dominant and Recessive Traits
In plants, some traits are controlled by single genes. These traits are called monogenic traits and can be either dominant or recessive. Dominant traits are expressed when only one copy of the gene is present, while recessive traits are only expressed when both copies of the gene are present. An example of a dominant trait is the color of a flower, while an example of a recessive trait is seed shape.

### Section 5: Punnett Squares
Punnett squares are a tool used to predict the genotype of offspring based on the genotypes of their parents. They are named after their creator, Dr. Reginald Punnett. Punnett squares are helpful in understanding genetic inheritance patterns and predicting the likelihood of certain traits being passed down.

### Section 6: Practice Problems
1. If a plant has red flowers (R) and green leaves (r), what would be the genotype of an offspring if the parent plant has red flowers (RR) and green leaves (rr)?
Answer: The genotype of the offspring would be Rr, meaning it has red flowers and is carrying the recessive gene for green leaves.

2. If a plant has round seeds (R) and a friend gives you some seeds with wrinkled seeds (r), what would be the probability of getting round seeds (R) when planting the wrinkled seeds (r)?
Answer: Since we do not know the genotype of the plant that produced the wrinkled seeds, we cannot determine the probability of getting round seeds.

## Chapter 2: Plant Breeding

### Section 1: What is Plant Breeding?
Plant breeding is the process of creating new plant varieties with desirable traits. It involves crossing two plants with specific traits to produce offspring with improved characteristics. Plant breeders use genetic variation to create new varieties that are more productive, resistant to diseases, and better adapted to environmental conditions.

### Section 2: Plant Breeding Techniques
There are several techniques used in plant breeding, including self-pollination, cross-pollination, and marker-assisted selection. Self-pollination involves pollinating a flower with pollen from the same flower, while cross-pollination involves pollinating a flower with pollen from a different plant. Marker-assisted selection involves identifying specific DNA sequences associated with desirable traits and using them to select plants with those traits.

### Section 3: Practice Problems
1. If a plant breeder wants to create a new variety with larger seeds, which plants should they cross-pollinate?
Answer: The breeder should cross-pollinate plants with larger seeds to increase the likelihood of producing offspring with larger seeds.

2. If a plant breeder wants to create a new variety with resistance to a specific disease, which plants should they use in marker-assisted selection?
Answer: The breeder should use plants that show resistance to the specific disease in marker-assisted selection to ensure that the new variety will also be resistant to the disease.

## Chapter 3: Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding genetics and plant breeding is essential for creating new plant varieties with improved characteristics. By studying genetic variation, dominant and recessive traits, and different plant breeding techniques, we can develop new plant varieties that are more productive, resistant to diseases, and better adapted to environmental conditions.


text: I was first introduced to Raymond Briggs with Fungus the Bogeyman, and then his dystopian heartbreaker When the Wind Blows. I hadn't realized he was already famous in the UK for his holiday stories, The Snowman, and the two Father Christmas books. Briggs himself claims to have no real attachment to Christmas, but for all that, here's some cheer. You'll probably recognize the line in his drawings, which feels altogether specific and familiar.. Bless us each and every one, in this season of both want and plenty.. 25 December 2019. Raymond Briggs. Posted by David Edgerley Gates at 00:00. Labels: Christmas, David Edgerley Gates>. Oh, I must get a hold of some of his books. I laughed so hard at his "I hate winter!". Thanks for cluing me in!. Interesting, David! Thanks for this.. Enjoyed this. Love the black cat on his shoulders all the time.. Clearly he'd spent some time in a winter outhouse! Brrr.. Thanks for continuing my education, David.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson Title: The Importance of Critical Thinking in Problem Solving

Introduction:
Critical thinking is a crucial skill in problem solving. It involves analyzing information, evaluating arguments, and making informed decisions based on evidence. This lesson will explore the importance of critical thinking in problem solving and provide practical examples of how it can be applied.

Section 1: Understanding Critical Thinking

Topic 1: What is Critical Thinking?
Critical thinking is the process of actively and objectively analyzing information to form a reasoned judgment. It involves using logic and reasoning to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of arguments and to make informed decisions based on evidence.

Topic 2: Why is Critical Thinking Important?
Critical thinking is important because it helps us to make better decisions, solve problems more effectively, and understand complex issues. By analyzing information objectively, we can identify the best course of action and avoid making hasty or uninformed decisions.

Section 2: Applying Critical Thinking in Problem Solving

Topic 1: Analyzing Information
To apply critical thinking in problem solving, we need to analyze information carefully. This means breaking down complex problems into smaller parts and examining each part closely. We should also consider multiple perspectives and sources of information to ensure that our analysis is balanced and comprehensive.

Topic 2: Evaluating Arguments
Once we have analyzed the information, we need to evaluate the arguments presented. This involves assessing the strengths and weaknesses of each argument and determining which ones are most compelling. We should also consider the credibility of the source and any biases that may be present.

Topic 3: Making Informed Decisions
After evaluating the arguments, we can use critical thinking to make informed decisions. This involves considering the available evidence and weighing the pros and cons of each option. We should also be prepared to revise our decisions if new information becomes available.

Section 3: Practical Examples of Critical Thinking in Problem Solving

Topic 1: Deciding on a Career Path
Suppose you are trying to decide on a career path. You could use critical thinking to evaluate the pros and cons of different options, considering factors such as job satisfaction, salary, and potential for growth. You could also research the job market and speak with people in different fields to gain a better understanding of what each path entails.

Topic 2: Analyzing Political Viewpoints
If you are evaluating political viewpoints, you could use critical thinking to analyze the arguments presented by different political parties. You could examine their platforms, consider the evidence they present, and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of their arguments. By doing so, you can make an informed decision about which party aligns with your values and beliefs.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, critical thinking is a vital skill in problem solving. By analyzing information objectively and evaluating arguments, we can make informed decisions and solve problems more effectively. By applying critical thinking to real-world scenarios, we can improve our ability to think critically and make better choices in all areas of our lives.

Glossary:
Critical Thinking: The process of actively and objectively analyzing information to form a reasoned judgment.
Objective: Not influenced by personal feelings, opinions, or beliefs; based on facts.
Evidence: Proof or testimony that supports a statement or claim.
Reasoned Judgment: A decision based on logical reasoning and sound evidence.

Self-Debate Discussion:
What are some ways that we can improve our critical thinking skills? How can we ensure that we are considering multiple perspectives and evaluating arguments objectively?


text: Even before Superman's latest outing is scheduled to take place on June 14, 2013, the movie, Man of Steel, has already made up for nearly three-fourths of its production cost.. The film, starring British actor Henry Cavill as the superhero, has allegedly earned more through product placement than any other film in the history of cinema.. With more than 100 product placement deals, the movie has raked in GBP110 million, making up for nearly three-fourths of the production cost of GBP145 million.. Even as fans are going all out to book their tickets in advance, critics are calling it one of the gloomiest Superman movies ever.. But more than that, the critics have welcomed the movie as being a "coming-of-age" story about a man who is trying to accept the fact that he is different from everyone else on the planet.. This is the story of Clark Kent. This is the story of Superman.. Will you be watching it this weekend?. Source: Indiatoday. Tag : Man of Steel | Earnings of Man of Steel | Man of Steel movie | Cavill Superman

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Product Placement in Movies
Overview: In this lesson, we will learn about product placement in movies, including its definition, how it works, and its impact on the movie industry. We will also explore some examples of successful product placements in movies.
Level: Primary through High School
Section 1: What is Product Placement?
Definition: Product placement is the practice of including a company's product or service in a movie or TV show, usually in a visible or prominent way.
How it works: Movie producers and advertisers work together to place products in movies. They choose products that fit well with the movie's theme and plot. They also consider the target audience and the product's popularity.
Impact on the movie industry: Product placement can bring in a lot of money for the movie production company. It can also help increase sales for the companies that have their products featured in the movie.
Section 2: Examples of Successful Product Placements
Example 1: In the movie "The Avengers," Tony Stark (played by Robert Downey Jr.) is seen using an iPhone. This was a great example of product placement because it made the iPhone look cool and futuristic.
Example 2: In the movie "Transformers," the characters are often seen drinking Mountain Dew. This was a great example of product placement because it made the movie more realistic and relatable to the target audience.
Section 3: Practical Examples
Example 1: In the movie "Jaws," the characters are often seen drinking Budweiser. This was a great example of product placement because it made the movie more realistic and relatable to the target audience.
Example 2: In the movie "The Dark Knight," the character Batman is often seen driving a Lamborghini. This was a great example of product placement because it made the car look cool and futuristic.
Glossary:
- Product placement: The practice of including a company's product or service in a movie or TV show, usually in a visible or prominent way.
- Target audience: The group of people that the movie or TV show is intended for.
- Prominent: Visible and noticeable.
Conclusion: Product placement is a common practice in the movie industry. It helps movie production companies make more money and helps advertisers increase sales. By understanding how product placement works and seeing examples of successful product placements, we can appreciate the impact it has on the movie industry.


text: Classic cords & fresh denim.. 80s Casual Classics has teamed up with Lois Spain to secure the release of the classic Jumbo Cord in amazing 80s colours! The playboy 80s brand once worn by Bjorn Borg, Johan Cruyff and James Hunt is back with new modern fits available across the classic jumbo cord style and the more modern needle cord. Now stocking the latest Lois Denim in some new fits including marvin, a classic straight leg, along with terrace, a regular tapered style. Browse the full collection online today.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Business Partnerships

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

A business partnership is a legal relationship between two or more individuals who come together to conduct business and share in the profits or losses of the venture. In this type of agreement, each partner contributes resources and expertise to the business, and they share in the decision-making process.

## Section 2: Questions and Answers

**Question:** What are the benefits of forming a business partnership?

**Answer:** There are several benefits to forming a business partnership, including shared knowledge, skills, and resources, which can lead to increased efficiency and profitability. Additionally, partnerships can provide access to new markets and opportunities that may not have been available to individual entrepreneurs.

**Question:** What are the risks associated with business partnerships?

**Answer:** One of the main risks associated with business partnerships is the potential for conflict between partners. Other risks include the possibility of one partner taking advantage of the other, mismanagement of funds, or disagreements over business decisions.

## Section 3: Definitions and Purpose

**Definition:** A business partnership is a legal relationship between two or more individuals who come together to conduct business and share in the profits or losses of the venture.

**Purpose:** The purpose of a business partnership is to combine the resources and expertise of multiple individuals to create a successful business venture. By working together, partners can share the risks and rewards of their business, leading to increased efficiency and profitability.

## Section 4: Practical Examples

One example of a successful business partnership is Apple Inc., which was co-founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne in 1976. These three individuals came together to create a company that would revolutionize the personal computer industry. Their partnership led to the creation of products such as the Macintosh computer, the iPod, the iPhone, and the iPad.

Another example of a successful business partnership is Google LLC, which was co-founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin in 1998. These two individuals came together to create a search engine that would change the way people find information on the internet. Their partnership led to the creation of one of the most successful and profitable companies in the world.

## Section 5: Self-Debating Discussions

**Debate Topic:** Should business partnerships be legally binding?

**Arguments for:** Legalizing business partnerships can provide partners with greater protection in the event of disputes or conflicts. A legally binding agreement can outline the roles and responsibilities of each partner, as well as the distribution of profits and losses. This can help prevent misunderstandings and disputes that could harm the business.

**Arguments against:** Some argue that legalizing business partnerships can stifle creativity and innovation. When partners are bound by a legal agreement, they may be less likely to take risks or try new approaches for fear of violating the terms of the agreement. Additionally, legal fees associated with drawing up such an agreement can be expensive and may outweigh the benefits.

## Glossary
- Business partnership: A legal relationship between two or more individuals who come together to conduct business and share in the profits or losses of the venture.
- Partner: An individual who enters into a business partnership with one or more other individuals.
- Profit: The money that is earned after all expenses have been paid.
- Loss: The money that is lost when expenses exceed income.
- Efficiency: The ability to produce a desired result with minimal wasted effort or resources.
- Resource: An asset or tool that can be used to produce a desired result.
- Expertise: Skill or knowledge in a particular area.

## Conclusion

In conclusion, business partnerships can be a powerful tool for entrepreneurs looking to create successful and profitable businesses. By combining resources and expertise, partners can achieve greater efficiency and success than they might be able to achieve on their own. However, as with any business venture, there are risks associated with partnerships that must be carefully considered before entering into such an agreement. By understanding the benefits, risks, and practical examples of business partnerships, individuals can make informed decisions about whether this type of agreement is right for their business needs.


text: From what I understand, this is a very, very common problem. You buy a nice camera, start using it regularly, realize “Hey, I’m really loving this new photography hobby!” and then immediately start looking at more gear. I’ve definitely fallen prey to that urge. It doesn’t help that B&H (where I’ve purchased most of my stuff) is very good at sending newsletters and announcements about new gear and retargeting me with ads for camera gear on every site I visit.. Anyway, I’ve (mostly) resisted the urge. This article does a great, quick job of discussing what to buy in the first place and when to upgrade.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Control Your Spending on Camera Gear

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to control our spending on camera gear. We will explore the factors to consider when buying camera gear and when it is time to upgrade. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to make informed decisions about your camera gear purchases and avoid overspending.

Section 1: Factors to Consider When Buying Camera Gear

Topic 1: Research Before You Buy
- Before you buy any camera gear, research the brand, model, and specifications to ensure that it meets your needs and budget.
- Read reviews from other users to get an idea of the pros and cons of the gear.
- Compare prices across different sellers to ensure that you are getting the best deal.

Topic 2: Understand Your Needs
- Determine what type of photography you will be doing (e.g., landscape, portraiture, sports) and choose gear that is appropriate for that type of photography.
- Consider the features that are most important to you (e.g., image quality, zoom, speed) and prioritize those when making your purchase.

Topic 3: Budget
- Set a budget for your camera gear purchases and stick to it.
- Remember that the cost of camera gear does not always correlate with the quality of the photos.

Section 2: When to Upgrade Your Camera Gear

Topic 1: Technological Advancements
- As technology advances, camera manufacturers release new models with improved features and capabilities.
- If you feel that your current gear is limiting your photography, it may be time to upgrade.

Topic 2: Wear and Tear
- Over time, camera gear can become outdated or worn out.
- If your gear is breaking down frequently or not functioning as well as it used to, it may be time to invest in a new piece of equipment.

Topic 3: Changing Photography Needs
- As you develop your photography skills, your needs may change.
- If you find that your current gear is no longer meeting your needs, it may be time to upgrade.

Section 3: Conclusion

In conclusion, controlling your spending on camera gear requires research, understanding your needs, and being aware of when it is time to upgrade. By following these guidelines, you can make informed decisions about your camera gear purchases and avoid overspending. Remember to prioritize your needs and stay within your budget.

Glossary:
- Brand: A company or product name that is recognized by consumers.
- Model: A specific version or type of a product.
- Specifications: The details of a product's design and capabilities.
- Review: An evaluation of a product by users who have already purchased it.
- Comparison Shopping: The process of comparing prices and features of different products to find the best deal.

Conclusion:
By following the guidelines in this lesson, you can control your spending on camera gear and make informed decisions about your purchases. Remember to research before you buy, understand your needs, and be aware of when it is time to upgrade. With these skills, you can avoid overspending and get the most out of your camera gear purchases.


text:
This is your FTI Folio.

FTI Consulting Prices Offering Of Common Stock

Baltimore, MD - October 4, 2007
FTI Consulting, Inc. (NYSE: FCN), the global business advisory firm dedicated to helping organizations protect and enhance their enterprise value, today announced the pricing of its public offering of common stock on October 3, 2007. The Company agreed to sell a total of 4.2 million shares at a price to the public of $50.00 per share (exclusive of 630,000 shares that may be issued pursuant to the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares).

Deutsche Bank Securities, Banc of America Securities LLC, and Goldman, Sachs & Co. are acting as the joint book-running managers of the offering.

The Form S-3 registration statement relating to these shares automatically became effective upon filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 28, 2007. Copies of the final prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus may be obtained, when available, from Deutsche Bank Securities Prospectus Department, 100 Plaza One, Jersey City, NJ 07311, telephone: 800-503-4611, email: prospectusrequest@list.db.com; from Banc of America Securities LLC, Capital Markets Operations (Prospectus Fulfillment), 100 West 33rd Street, New York, NY 10001, telephone: 800-294-1322, e-mail dg.prospectus_distribution@bofasecurities.com; or from Goldman, Sachs & Co., Prospectus Department, 85 Broad St., New York, NY 10004, fax: 212-902-9316, email: prospectus-ny@ny.email.gs.com. This press release does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any state or jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or jurisdiction.

About FTI Consulting

FTI Consulting, Inc. is a global business advisory firm dedicated to helping organizations protect and enhance enterprise value in an increasingly complex legal, regulatory and economic environment. With more than 2,200 professionals located in most major business centers in the world, we work closely with clients every day to anticipate, illuminate, and overcome complex business challenges in areas such as investigations, litigation, mergers and acquisitions, regulatory issues, reputation management and restructuring.

Safe Harbor Statement

Various matters set forth in this press release, such as the company's intention to sell shares and the use of proceeds therefrom are forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, including, without limitation, general market conditions, the market for the company's common stock, the performance of the company's business and other risks detailed from time-to-time in the company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Financial Statements

### Overview

Financial statements provide valuable information about a company's financial health and performance. In this lesson, we will learn about the four main types of financial statements: income statements, balance sheets, cash flow statements, and statements of shareholders' equity. We will also explore the importance of analyzing financial statements and how to read and interpret them.

### Section 1: The Importance of Financial Statements

Financial statements are essential tools for understanding a company's financial health and performance. They provide information about a company's revenue, expenses, assets, liabilities, and equity. This information helps investors, creditors, and other stakeholders make informed decisions about whether to invest in or lend money to the company.

### Section 2: Types of Financial Statements

There are four main types of financial statements:

1. Income Statement: The income statement shows a company's revenues and expenses over a specific period, typically a year or a quarter. It also includes the company's net income, which represents the amount of money left after all expenses have been paid.

2. Balance Sheet: The balance sheet provides a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific point in time. It lists the company's assets, liabilities, and equity.

3. Cash Flow Statement: The cash flow statement shows how cash flows into and out of a company during a specific period. It helps investors understand the company's ability to generate cash and how it uses that cash.

4. Statement of Shareholders' Equity: The statement of shareholders' equity shows changes in a company's shareholders' equity during a specific period. It includes contributions from shareholders, earnings retained by the company, and other adjustments.

### Section 3: Analyzing Financial Statements

To analyze financial statements, investors and analysts look for trends and patterns in the data. They may compare current results to previous periods, look for changes in key metrics, and analyze ratios such as return on equity or debt-to-equity. By comparing a company's financial statements to those of its competitors or industry peers, analysts can gain insights into the company's financial health and performance relative to its competitors.

### Section 4: Reading and Interpreting Financial Statements

To read and interpret financial statements, it's essential to understand the basics of accounting. For example, revenues are recorded when they are earned, while expenses are recorded when they are incurred. Assets are resources controlled by a company, while liabilities represent obligations to others. Equity represents the residual interest of shareholders in the company after all expenses and liabilities have been paid.

Financial statements use several conventions to present information clearly and consistently. For example, income statements use the accrual method of accounting, which recognizes revenues and expenses when they are earned or incurred, rather than when payment is received or made.

### Glossary

- Accounting: The process of recording, summarizing, and reporting financial transactions.
- Asset: A resource controlled by a company, such as cash, inventory, or property.
- Liability: An obligation to others, such as loans or accounts payable.
- Equity: The residual interest of shareholders in a company after all expenses and liabilities have been paid.
- Net income: The amount of money left after all expenses have been paid.
- Cash flow: The movement of cash into and out of a company.
- Return on equity: A measure of a company's profitability that compares net income to shareholders' equity.
- Debt-to-equity ratio: A measure of a company's financial leverage that compares total liabilities to shareholders' equity.

### Conclusion

Understanding financial statements is essential for anyone interested in investing in or analyzing a company's financial health and performance. By learning how to read and interpret financial statements, you can gain valuable insights into a company's operations, growth potential, and risks.


text: In granting defendants' motion for summary judgment of invalidity for obviousness, the court rejected plaintiff's argument that it "would not have been obvious to a person of ordinary skill in the art to combine [prior art references] because of structural differences" between the references. "Contrary to Plaintiffs' assertions . . . it is not necessary to show that each and every element of a prior art reference can be incorporated into an invention in order to make that invention obvious. A reference can be considered for everything it teaches, not only for the invention it claims. . . . It is thus unnecessary for Defendants to establish that the appropriate elements of [one prior art reference] could be incorporated into [another prior art reference] without altering their structures.". Tokai Corp et al. v. Easton Enterprises Inc et al., 5-07-cv-00883. (CACD October 23, 2009, Order)(Phillips, J.)

textbook:
Lesson: Obviousness in Patent Law

Introduction:
In patent law, obviousness is a ground for rejecting a patent application or challenging the validity of a patent. A patent claim is considered obvious if a person of ordinary skill in the art would have been able to create the invention based on existing knowledge and technology at the time of the invention. In this lesson, we will learn about the concept of obviousness in patent law, including the factors that are considered when determining whether an invention is obvious.

I. Understanding Obviousness

A. Definition of Obviousness: An invention is considered obvious if it would have been obvious to a person of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the invention. This means that the invention must be based on existing knowledge and technology and must not involve any inventive step.

B. Legal Framework: The legal framework for determining obviousness is set forth in 35 U.S.C. § 103, which states that "patentability shall not be negatived by the manner in which the invention was made." The Supreme Court has interpreted this statute to mean that an invention is not patentable if it would have been obvious at the time of the invention.

C. Factors Considered: When determining whether an invention is obvious, several factors are considered, including:

1. Prior Art: The existence of prior art is a key factor in determining obviousness. Prior art includes any publicly available information that could have been used by a person of ordinary skill in the art to create the invention.

2. Level of Skill: The person of ordinary skill in the art is assumed to have a good understanding of the relevant technology but may not have a Ph.D. or advanced degree.

3. Scope and Content of the Prior Art: The scope and content of the prior art are also important factors. If the prior art contains a teaching, suggestion, or motivation that would lead a person of ordinary skill in the art to combine or modify the prior art elements in the manner claimed, the claimed invention may be obvious.

4. Secondary Considerations: These include evidence of commercial success, long-felt but unsolved needs, failure of others, and copying by others.

D. Burden of Proof: The burden of proving that an invention is non-obvious falls on the patent applicant or patent owner.

II. Determining Obviousness

A. Analyzing Prior Art: To determine whether an invention is obvious, it is necessary to analyze the prior art to see if it teaches, suggests, or motivates the combination of elements that are present in the claimed invention.

B. Combining Elements: If the prior art contains elements that can be combined in the manner claimed, the burden shifts to the patent applicant or owner to show that the combination would not have been obvious to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

C. Structural Differences: If the prior art contains elements that are structurally different, the patent applicant or owner must show that the structural differences would have made it impossible for a person of ordinary skill in the art to combine the elements in the manner claimed.

D. Inherency Doctrine: The inherency doctrine is a legal principle that allows a court to hold that an element of a claim is equivalent to an element of the prior art as a matter of law. This doctrine is often used in cases where the prior art contains a teaching, suggestion, or motivation that would lead a person of ordinary skill in the art to combine or modify the prior art elements in the manner claimed.

III. Conclusion

In conclusion, determining obviousness is a complex legal and technical question that requires careful analysis of the prior art, the level of skill in the art, and the scope and content of the prior art. By understanding the factors that are considered when determining obviousness, you will be better equipped to apply this principle to new and challenging situations.


text:
King Barrow Quarry

King Barrow Quarry is a disused site of former 19th century stone quarries on the Isle of Portland, Dorset, England. It is located in the north-east corner of Tophill. The quarry, now a Dorset Wildlife Trust nature reserve, covers 12.2 hectares. Both King Barrow and the nearby Tout Quarry make up the Dorset Wildlife Trust's Portland Quarries Nature Park. Portland also has two butterfly reserves: Broadcroft Quarry and Perryfield Quarry.

History and Nature Reserve status
The site is based on former quarries that were abandoned 100 years ago. In the nineteenth century there was extensive quarrying in the area. When the area was first quarried, huge numbers of Roman artifacts were discovered. Since being abandoned the area had been left to regenerate naturally, with the aid of scrub management.

Since around 2004 the quarry became a nature reserve after the site owners handed the quarry over to the Dorset Wildlife Trust. The quarry then became known as King Barrow Quarries Nature Reserve.

Within the quarry are relics of past industrial activities, including blocks of cut stone and a quarryman's shelter.  Pieces of tramway track and a tunnel remain from the horse-drawn tramway that had transported the stone to the Merchant's Railway.

Wildlife
The quarry's rocky slopes, grassy pockets and sheltered gullies are all havens for wildlife, and therefore features a wide range of plants and animals, hosting flora and fauna specific to limestone soil. Described as one of Portland's prime nature habitats, the thin limestone soils have been slowly colonised by a variety of wildflowers. King Barrow Quarries is particularly known for its blue butterflies and bird species.

References

Category:Isle of Portland
Category:Quarries in Dorset
Category:Jurassic Coast
Category:Nature reserves in Dorset
Category:Dorset Wildlife Trust reserves

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Geology

## Chapter 1: What is Geology?

Geology is the scientific study of the Earth's structure, composition, and processes that have shaped our planet over time. It involves understanding how rocks, minerals, fossils, and natural resources are formed and changed by natural processes such as erosion, weathering, and plate tectonics.

## Chapter 2: Types of Rocks

There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma or lava. Sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation of small particles called sediments. Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are changed by heat or pressure.

## Chapter 3: Plate Tectonics

Plate tectonics is the theory that the Earth's outer shell, or lithosphere, is divided into several large plates that move slowly over the underlying, more fluid asthenosphere. This movement can cause earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of mountains.

## Chapter 4: Fossils

Fossils are the remains or traces of ancient plants or animals that have been preserved in rock layers. They provide evidence of past life on Earth and help scientists understand how living things have evolved over time.

## Chapter 5: Natural Resources

Natural resources are materials found in nature that people use for food, fuel, and other purposes. Examples include water, timber, minerals, and fossil fuels. Understanding geology helps us locate and manage these resources sustainably.

## Chapter 6: Conclusion

Geology is an exciting field that helps us understand the history, composition, and processes of our planet. By studying rocks, fossils, and natural resources, we can learn about Earth's past, present, and future. This knowledge can help us make informed decisions about how we use our environment and protect it for generations to come.


text:
Opera Pacific

Opera Pacific was an opera company located in the Orange County, California, United States city of Santa Ana. It operated for 22 seasons before closing in 2008 after several seasons of deepening financial difficulties.

History
The first season began in 1985 with David DiChiera as General Director (until 1996), though the company traces its roots to 1962 and the annual Festival of Opera Association in Laguna Beach, where productions were performed in late summer at the Irvine Bowl, in English. In order to promote expansion, the Opera League of Laguna Beach was established to "encourage, support and sustain interest in the Festival of Opera." The first productions included such traditional repertory as Madame Butterfly, The Marriage of Figaro, and The Barber of Seville; I Pagliacci and The Devil and Daniel Webster were presented as a double billing during the 1965 season.

In the early 1980s members of the Opera Leaque, along with other opera aficionados throughout Orange County, combined to form the core audience for the anticipated opening of the Orange County Performing Arts Center in neighboring Costa Mesa, at which time Opera Pacific was incorporated. Opera Pacific has been host to many of opera's greatest living legends, including the likes of Luciano Pavarotti in 1988, Dame Joan Sutherland in 1989, and in 1991 Plácido Domingo (in concert with soprano Ana Panagulias). Diva Kathleen Battle also made an appearance in 2001.

At its peak the company put on six productions each year, staging around six performances of each, but in its last years this fell to three staged operas in four performances each.  Its financial artistic director was John DeMain.

On November 4, 2008, Opera Pacific announced it will cancel the rest of its 2008/2009 season due to financial difficulties and will likely close down operations permanently.

The company ran an "Opera Camp" each summer.

References

See also
 List of opera festivals
 List of opera companies

External links
 Opera Pacific website

Category:California opera companies
Category:Orange County, California culture
Category:Musical groups established in 1985
Category:Musical groups disestablished in 2008
Category:1985 establishments in California
Category:2008 disestablishments in California

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Operas

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of operas and their history.

**Materials:** None

**Introduction:** An opera is a form of theater in which music and singing are the main elements. The story is usually sung through, with very little spoken dialogue. In this lesson, we will explore the history of operas and learn about some of the most famous ones.

**Section 1: History of Operas**

Operas have been performed for centuries. The first known opera was "Dafne," composed by Jacopo Peri in 1597. Since then, many composers have written operas, including George Frideric Handel, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Giuseppe Verdi.

Opera Pacific was an opera company located in Orange County, California, United States. It operated for 22 seasons before closing in 2008 after several seasons of deepening financial difficulties. The company traced its roots to 1962 and the annual Festival of Opera Association in Laguna Beach.

**Section 2: Famous Operas**

There are many famous operas, including:

1. "La Traviata" by Giuseppe Verdi
2. "Carmen" by Georges Bizet
3. "Madame Butterfly" by Giacomo Puccini
4. "Tosca" by Puccini
5. "Aida" by Verdi

**Section 3: Conclusion**

In this lesson, we learned about the history of operas and some of the most famous ones. We also learned about Opera Pacific, an opera company that operated for 22 seasons before closing in 2008. Operas are a unique form of theater that combine music and singing to tell a story. They have been performed for centuries and continue to be a popular form of entertainment today.


text:
Patterns of agricultural pesticide use in relation to socioeconomic characteristics of the population in the rural U.S. South.
Residents of rural, agricultural areas where pesticides are used experience increased potential for pesticide exposure. In the rural U.S. South, where communities are predominantly of color, increased agricultural chemical use can constitute environmental injustice. Lacking data on the amounts of pesticide applied, the authors used county-level expenditure on agricultural chemicals as a proxy for pesticide use to explore spatial patterns of pesticide expenditure in relation to racial and economic composition in 953 rural counties in 12 southern states. Approximately eight times more money was spent on pesticides in counties with populations having more than 40 percent persons of color than in counties with less than 6 percent. Approximately four times more money was spent in counties with more than 22 percent of their population living in poverty than in counties with less than 12 percent. After adjusting for agricultural land area and land use, the authors found counties with more than 40 percent persons of color and more than 22 percent poverty spent about $1.3 million more on pesticides in 2002 than did counties with less than 6 percent persons of color and 12 percent poverty. This pattern of pesticide expenditures may produce racial and economic inequities in environmental exposures to pesticides, having implications for environmental justice and public health.

textbook:
Lesson: Patterns of Agricultural Pesticide Use in Relation to Socioeconomic Characteristics of the Population in the Rural U.S. South
Introduction:
Agriculture is a vital industry in the United States, providing food, jobs, and economic benefits. However, the use of pesticides in agriculture has raised concerns about their impact on human health and the environment. This lesson will explore the patterns of agricultural pesticide use in relation to socioeconomic characteristics of the population in the rural U.S. South.
Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
- Understand the relationship between pesticide use and socioeconomic characteristics of the population in the rural U.S. South.
- Identify the factors that contribute to increased pesticide exposure in rural communities.
- Analyze the impact of agricultural chemical use on environmental justice.
- Apply critical thinking skills to evaluate the implications of the findings for public health and the environment.
Materials:
- Map of the rural U.S. South
- Data on agricultural chemical expenditure by county
- Data on population demographics by county
- Graphing software
- Whiteboard or chart paper
Procedure:
1. Begin by introducing the topic of agricultural pesticide use and its impact on human health and the environment. Use the map of the rural U.S. South to show the location of the study area.
2. Explain that the study examined the patterns of agricultural pesticide use in relation to socioeconomic characteristics of the population in the rural U.S. South.
3. Discuss the factors that contribute to increased pesticide exposure in rural communities, such as proximity to agricultural fields, wind patterns, and water sources.
4. Show the data on agricultural chemical expenditure by county and population demographics by county. Use the graphing software to create a visual representation of the data.
5. Discuss the findings of the study, including the fact that counties with more than 40% persons of color and more than 22% poverty spent approximately four times more money on pesticides than counties with less than 12% poverty and less than 6% persons of color.
6. Use the whiteboard or chart paper to create a table summarizing the findings of the study, including the amounts of pesticide expenditure by county and the corresponding socioeconomic characteristics.
7. Discuss the implications of the findings for public health and the environment, including the potential for environmental injustice.
8. Use the whiteboard or chart paper to create a flowchart or diagram illustrating the relationship between pesticide use, socioeconomic characteristics, and environmental justice.
9. Conclude by summarizing the key takeaways from the lesson and encouraging students to apply critical thinking skills to evaluate the implications of the findings for new problems.
Conclusion:
This lesson has provided students with an overview of the patterns of agricultural pesticide use in relation to socioeconomic characteristics of the population in the rural U.S. South. By examining the relationship between pesticide use and socioeconomic status, students have gained insight into the factors that contribute to increased pesticide exposure in rural communities and the potential for environmental injustice. Through the use of data analysis and graphing software, students have developed critical thinking skills to evaluate the implications of the findings for public health and the environment. By applying these skills to new problems, students can contribute to a more just and sustainable future.


text: Democratic Rep. Tulsi Gabbard of Hawaii has no trouble using the words 'radical Islam' and wishes President Obama would stop 'misidentifying' what we're up against.. "It is important that we recognize that these people are being motivated by a spiritual, a theological motivation, which is this 'radical Islamic' ideology'. Gabbard tells Wolf Blitzer that the first step to defeating this enemy is understanding who they are and what's driving them. Watch-

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Enemy

Introduction:
In order to defeat an enemy, it is essential to understand who they are and what drives them. This lesson will teach you about radical Islam, its motivations, and how it differs from mainstream Islam. We will also explore the importance of recognizing and understanding our enemies in order to protect ourselves and our communities.

Section 1: What is Radical Islam?
Radical Islam is a term used to describe a group of Muslims who believe in a strict interpretation of Islamic law (Shariah). They believe that their religion gives them the right to use violence to achieve their goals. These groups are often called "jihadists" because they believe that their fight is a holy war against non-believers and those who do not follow their interpretation of Islam.

Section 2: Motivations of Radical Islam
Radical Islamists are motivated by a desire to establish a caliphate, or an Islamic state ruled by Shariah law. They believe that this is the only way to bring peace and justice to the world. They also believe that all non-Muslims are infidels who must be converted, subjugated, or killed.

Section 3: How does Radical Islam differ from Mainstream Islam?
Radical Islam differs from mainstream Islam in several ways. First, mainstream Islam does not condone violence as a means of achieving political or religious goals. Second, mainstream Muslims believe in the importance of peaceful coexistence with non-Muslims. Finally, mainstream Muslims do not believe in the establishment of a caliphate.

Section 4: Why is it important to understand our enemies?
Understanding our enemies is crucial in order to protect ourselves and our communities. By understanding the motivations and beliefs of radical Islamists, we can better prepare for potential threats and develop strategies to prevent future attacks. Additionally, by understanding the differences between radical and mainstream Islam, we can work to build bridges between communities and promote peace and understanding.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding our enemies is essential in order to protect ourselves and our communities. By studying radical Islam, we can better understand the motivations and beliefs of those who seek to harm us. By promoting peace and understanding between communities, we can work towards a safer and more just world.


text: Dr. Davenport. Dr. Davenport was born in Lincoln, Nebraska and lived here until high school when her parents moved to Missouri. She went to college and medical school at the University of Missouri-Kansas City.. Upon graduation from medical school Dr. Davenport began a residency in family practice, where she discovered her true passion for obstetrics and gynecology. After completing a residency in Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of South Dakota, Dr. Davenport began practicing in Lincoln in 1986; and has been a partner at Lincoln OB-GYN since 1992.. Dr. Davenport is board certified and is a Fellow in the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Dr. Davenport practices both obstetrics and gynecology; including both general and high risk pregnancies, gynecologic surgery, and care for women at all stages of life. In her free time Dr. Davenport enjoys golfing, biking, reading, and singing; and is very involved with activities at her church.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Write a Biographical Sketch

Introduction: A biographical sketch is a brief description of a person's life, often written in third person. In this lesson, we will learn how to write a biographical sketch by analyzing the example of Dr. Davenport.

Section 1: Analyzing the Example

Topic: Dr. Davenport

1. Where was Dr. Davenport born?
   - Lincoln, Nebraska

2. Where did she live until high school?
   - Lincoln, Nebraska

3. What did she study in college and medical school?
   - University of Missouri-Kansas City

4. What is her passion?
   - Obstetrics and Gynecology

5. Where did she complete her residency?
   - University of South Dakota

6. When did she start practicing in Lincoln?
   - 1986

7. What is her current position?
   - Partner at Lincoln OB-GYN

8. What is her area of expertise?
   - Both obstetrics and gynecology

9. What are some of her hobbies?
   - Golfing, biking, reading, and singing

10. What is she involved in outside of work?
   - Activities at her church

Section 2: Practice

Topic: Your Own Biographical Sketch

1. Begin by writing your own biographical sketch in third person. Use the example of Dr. Davenport as a model.

2. Fill in the blanks with your own information, including your birthplace, current residence, education, passion, and current position.

3. Include details about your hobbies and interests outside of work.

Section 3: Conclusion

In conclusion, writing a biographical sketch involves gathering information about a person's life and organizing it into a cohesive narrative. By analyzing the example of Dr. Davenport and practicing with your own biographical sketch, you can develop the skills necessary to write a compelling and informative biography.

Glossary:
- Biography: A written account of a person's life
- Biographical Sketch: A brief description of a person's life, often written in third person
- Third Person: A point of view that uses pronouns such as "he," "she," or "they" to refer to characters


text:
Major TV networks announce renewals and cancelations

On Thursday, the major TV networks announced which programs they will renew and which they will cancel. There were twelve cancelations in total, including veteran programs like ABC's 'Castle' and CBS' 'The Good Wife.'

Notable cancellations include veteran programs like ABC's Agent Carter, Nashville, and Castle, CBS' The Good Wife and Mike & Molly. Other rookie programs, perhaps none more notable than ABC's Muppets, got cut before they could find their legs after disappointing starts.

In a television landscape that is getting more competitive and demanding higher quality at an exponential rate, showing potential or pulling consistent ratings is not always enough to keep a program going. And while this might sting for the cast, crew and fans involved in a program, the cutthroat nature the industry has developed is a good indication of the high quality product viewers have come to (and should continue) to expect going forward.

It's this competitive standard that has demanded the quality of established and renewed programs such as ABC's Scandal, Comedy Central's Broad City, and the CW's Arrow. Highly anticipated and successful premiere seasons from programs such as ABC's American Crime and CBS' Supergirl serve as further proof of the quality programs that the new, hyper-competitive television landscape produces.

The full list of renewed programs is as follows:

ABC:Once Upon a Time, Scandal, Grey's Anatomy, How to Get Away With Murder, Modern Family, Agents of SHIELD, The Bachelor, Shark Tank, Quantico, The Goldbergs, Fresh Off the Boat, America's Funniest Home Videos, The Real O'Neals, American Crime

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Competition and Expectations in the Television Industry

### Overview

In this lesson, we will explore the concept of competition and expectations in the television industry. We will learn about the factors that contribute to the high quality of products expected by viewers and how the industry has evolved to meet these expectations.

### Objectives

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

1. Explain the concept of competition and expectations in the television industry.
2. Identify the factors that contribute to the high quality of products expected by viewers.
3. Analyze how the industry has evolved to meet these expectations.
4. Apply critical thinking skills to evaluate the impact of competition and expectations on the television industry.

### Section 1: Introduction to Competition and Expectations in the Television Industry

The television industry is a highly competitive market where networks strive to produce high-quality programs to attract and retain viewers. This competition has led to an increase in the number of programs available to viewers, making it more challenging for shows to stand out and succeed. As a result, networks have had to raise their standards and expectations for the programs they produce.

### Section 2: Factors Contributing to High Quality Products

Several factors contribute to the high quality of products expected by viewers in the television industry. These include:

1. Audience Expectations: Viewers have become more discerning and demand high-quality programs that reflect their diverse interests and values.

2. Technological Advancements: The availability of advanced production equipment and software has enabled networks to create visually appealing and engaging content.

3. Talent: The competition for top talent, such as actors, writers, and directors, has led to an increase in the quality of programs produced.

4. Marketing and Promotion: Networks invest heavily in marketing and promotion to ensure that their programs are visible and attractive to viewers.

### Section 3: Evolution of the Industry to Meet Expectations

To meet the high expectations of viewers, the television industry has undergone several changes, including:

1. Increased Investment in Original Programming: Networks have invested more resources in developing original programs that appeal to specific audiences, leading to the creation of niche channels and streaming services.

2. Emphasis on Diverse Representation: In response to audience demands for more inclusive representation, networks have prioritized hiring diverse casts and crews and producing programs that reflect a range of experiences.

3. Use of Data Analytics: Networks use data analytics to understand viewer behavior and preferences, enabling them to produce programs that resonate with their target audiences.

4. Globalization of Content: As the world becomes more interconnected, networks have started producing programs that appeal to international audiences, leading to the creation of global hits.

### Section 4: Critical Thinking Discussion

1. How has the rise of streaming services affected the competition and expectations in the television industry?
2. What role do advertisers play in shaping the content produced by networks?
3. How can networks balance the need for high-quality programs with the need for profitability?

### Glossary

- Competition: A situation in which organizations or individuals strive to attain the same goal, such as attracting viewers in the television industry.
- Expectations: A belief that something will happen or be the case in the future, such as the viewers' desire for high-quality programs.
- Quality: The degree of excellence of a product or service, such as the high standards expected of television programs.
- Niche: A specialized market or group of consumers with specific interests or needs, such as the target audience for a particular type of program.
- Diverse: Including a wide variety of people, cultures, and perspectives, such as the representation of different backgrounds in television programs.
- Data analytics: The process of analyzing and interpreting large sets of data to identify patterns and trends, such as viewer behavior and preferences.


text: How to find moving companies in Chase Maryland 21027? Our website will help you to locate moving company in Chase Maryland 21027 that will help you when you are moving to Boca Raton Florida 33428 and worldwide for your house, car and international move.. Moving from Chase Maryland 21027 to Boca Raton Florida 33428 can be a smooth move with our Chase Maryland 21027 movers.. Just request free quotes from movers in Chase Maryland 21027 that will help you to move to Boca Raton Florida 33428.. We provide all types of moves. After clicking on get free quotes link you can choose you type of move.. Other links: Moving Tips

textbook:
Lesson: How to Find Moving Companies in Chase Maryland 21027
Introduction:
Finding the right moving company can be a daunting task, especially if you are new to the process. However, with the right information and tools, you can make an informed decision that will ensure a smooth and hassle-free move. In this lesson, we will explore the steps involved in finding a moving company in Chase Maryland 21027 that will help you move to Boca Raton Florida 33428 and worldwide.
Section 1: Researching Moving Companies
Before you start contacting moving companies, it is essential to research the market to identify potential service providers. You can use search engines like Google to find moving companies in Chase Maryland 21027. Additionally, you can ask for recommendations from friends, family members, or colleagues who have recently moved to Boca Raton Florida 33428.
Questions to Ask:
- How long has the moving company been in business?
- What services do they offer?
- Are they licensed and insured?
- What is their reputation in the market?
- How much do they charge for their services?
Section 2: Requesting Quotes
Once you have identified potential moving companies, the next step is to request quotes from them. This will give you an idea of the cost of moving to Boca Raton Florida 33428. Be sure to provide the moving company with all the necessary details about your move, including the size of your household, the distance, and the date of the move.
Questions to Ask:
- Do they offer a written estimate?
- What is included in the estimate?
- Are there any additional charges?
- What is the payment policy?
Section 3: Evaluating Quotes
After receiving quotes from multiple moving companies, it is essential to evaluate them carefully. Compare the estimates based on the services offered, the cost, and the reputation of the company. Be wary of quotes that are significantly lower or higher than the average.
Questions to Ask:
- Are the estimates similar in price?
- Which company has the best reputation?
- Which company offers the most comprehensive services?
Glossary:
- Moving Company: A company that specializes in transporting household goods and possessions from one place to another.
- Estimate: A rough calculation of the cost of moving services.
- License: A legal document that allows a moving company to operate in a particular jurisdiction.
Conclusion:
Finding a moving company in Chase Maryland 21027 that will help you move to Boca Raton Florida 33428 can be a straightforward process if you follow the steps outlined in this lesson. By researching moving companies, requesting quotes, and evaluating them carefully, you can make an informed decision that will ensure a smooth and hassle-free move. Remember to ask the right questions and compare the estimates to find the best moving company for your needs.


text: Brought to you by the Delaware Network for Excellent in Autism (DNEA), this tutorial reviews how to support teaching a person with autism a new multi-step or chained skill. This tutorial has been designed to support professionals and family members using the evidence-based practice of chaining which is appropriate to use across multiple settings.

textbook:
Title: Teaching a Person with Autism a New Multi-Step or Chained Skill

## Introduction

In this tutorial, we will learn how to support teaching a person with autism a new multi-step or chained skill. This tutorial has been designed to support professionals and family members using the evidence-based practice of chaining, which is appropriate to use across multiple settings.

## Section 1: Understanding Chaining

Chaining is a technique used to teach new skills by breaking them down into smaller, more manageable steps. This approach is based on the idea that small successes can lead to larger ones over time. In the context of autism, chaining can be particularly effective because individuals with autism often respond well to structured and repetitive learning experiences.

## Section 2: Planning a Chaining Program

Before beginning a chaining program, it's essential to plan ahead. Here are some steps to follow:

1. Identify the target skill: Determine what skill you want to teach the individual with autism.

2. Break the skill down into smaller steps: Identify the smaller steps that will eventually lead to the mastery of the target skill.

3. Assess current abilities: Evaluate the individual's current abilities and determine which step should be taught first.

4. Choose reinforcement strategies: Select appropriate reinforcement strategies to motivate the individual and increase the likelihood of success.

5. Develop a schedule: Create a schedule that outlines when each step will be taught and how long each step will take to master.

## Section 3: Teaching the Chain

Once you have planned your chaining program, it's time to begin teaching the chain. Here are some tips to follow:

1. Teach each step one at a time: Start by teaching each step in isolation until the individual has mastered it.

2. Use a clear and consistent prompting system: Use a clear and consistent prompting system to guide the individual through each step.

3. Fade prompts gradually: As the individual becomes more proficient at each step, gradually fade the prompts until they are no longer needed.

4. Ensure procedural integrity: Ensure that each step is taught with fidelity to the program plan.

5. Monitor progress: Regularly monitor the individual's progress to ensure that they are making progress towards the mastery of the target skill.

## Section 4: Conclusion

In this tutorial, we have learned about the evidence-based practice of chaining and how it can be used to teach new multi-step or chained skills to individuals with autism. By breaking down larger skills into smaller, more manageable steps, individuals with autism can experience success and build confidence as they work towards mastering new skills. By following the planning and teaching strategies outlined in this tutorial, professionals and family members can support individuals with autism in achieving their goals and reaching their full potential.


text: Skip Navigation LinksHome Page > Forums > SpiraTeam Forums > SpiraTeam Issues & Questi... > SQL queries for summary i.... Hi, I would like extract some data for incidents summaries using the SQL queries. But I don't know the name of tables for to do this. Someone can I help me?. Thank you. Using real database SQL you could use:. SELECT * FROM VW_INCIDENT_LIST. using EntitySQL in the custom report generator, you could use:. select value R from SpiraTestEntities.R_Incident. Thank you!. I need another help... I have tests cases separated by folders. I have these folders bellow in my project and I need extract one test case report and graphics report for each folder. Can you help me? WDS (150) DPS (49) FME (2) GIS - Consumidores (22) GIS Logradouros (8) LOGOS (6) Migração - Distribuição (211) SIAS (2) GIS OMS (370). Thank you again!

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to SQL Queries for Summary Information Extraction

## Section 1: Introduction to SQL Queries

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standard language used to manage and manipulate data stored in databases. It is widely used in various applications such as managing customer information, financial transactions, and inventory management. In this lesson, we will learn how to extract summary information from a database using SQL queries.

## Section 2: Understanding SQL Queries

An SQL query is a statement that retrieves data from a database. A query consists of a set of instructions that specify what data to retrieve and how to format the results. The instructions are written in a specific syntax that the database understands.

## Section 3: Writing SQL Queries

To write an SQL query, you need to follow a specific syntax. Here is an example of a simple query that retrieves all the records from a table named "Customers":

```
SELECT * FROM Customers;
```

This query selects all columns from the "Customers" table and returns all records. However, you can also specify which columns to retrieve and which records to include or exclude using various clauses such as "WHERE", "GROUP BY", and "ORDER BY".

## Section 4: Practical Examples

Let's consider a scenario where you want to extract the total number of customers who made purchases in the last month. You can write an SQL query that retrieves this information using the following steps:

1. Specify the table name and columns to retrieve:

```
SELECT COUNT(*) AS Total_Customers FROM Customers WHERE Purchase_Date >= DATEADD(month, -1, GETDATE());
```

2. Replace "Customers" with the actual table name that contains customer information and purchase dates.
3. Replace "Purchase_Date" with the actual column name that stores the purchase date.
4. Replace "GETDATE()" with the actual function that retrieves the current date.

This query retrieves the total number of customers who made purchases in the last month and stores the result in a temporary table named "Total_Customers".

## Section 5: Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about SQL queries and how they can be used to extract summary information from a database. We covered the basics of SQL syntax, how to write practical queries, and provided an example of how to retrieve summary information. By mastering SQL queries, you can gain valuable insights into your data and make informed decisions based on the results.

Glossary:
- Database: A collection of organized data that can be accessed, managed, and updated using SQL queries.
- Table: A collection of related data stored in a database.
- Column: A vertical arrangement of data values in a table.
- Row: A horizontal arrangement of data values in a table.
- Query: A statement that retrieves data from a database.
- Syntax: The set of rules that define the structure of an SQL query.
- Clause: A statement that modifies the behavior of an SQL query.
- Temporary table: A table that is created temporarily to store the results of an SQL query.


text:
Symptomatic and asymptomatic chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis in Jamaica: the potential for HIV transmission.
To determine the contribution of Chlamydia trachomatis to non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) in men attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in Jamaica we studied men with NGU (n=339), and control groups including asymptomatic men who were STD contacts (n=61), asymptomatic men who were not STD contacts (n=32) and men with gonococcal urethritis (GU) (n=61). Urethral specimens were examined for C. trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Serological tests for syphilis (STS) and HIV-1 infection were also performed. C. trachomatis accounted for 63% of cases of NGU but high prevalences were also found in asymptomatic STD contacts (59%), asymptomatic STD non-contacts (78%) and men with GU (48%). The prevalence of C. trachomatis in men with GU differed significantly from that in men with NGU and asymptomatic STD non-contacts (P<0.05). C. trachomatis infection in men with NGU was associated with multiple sex partners (71% vs 58%; chi2=4.78; odds ratio (OR)=1.76; P<0.05) and previous history of gonococcal infection (83% vs 42%; chi2=59.8; OR=6.8; P<0.0001). Concomitant infection with HIV-1 occurred in 5.2% of cases of NGU and 50% and 90%, respectively, of the HIV-positive men had chlamydia or reactive STS. As a cost effective strategy in the control of STD and HIV we recommend presumptive treatment for C. trachomatis in men seeking STD treatment in Jamaica.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Chlamydia Trachomatis

Chlamydia Trachomatis is a bacterium that can cause various infections in humans. In this lesson, we will learn about the symptoms, transmission, and prevention of Chlamydia Trachomatis infections, particularly in relation to non-gonococcal urethritis in men.

Section 1: Symptoms and Transmission

**Symptoms:** Chlamydia Trachomatis can cause various symptoms depending on the site of infection. In men, it can cause non-gonococcal urethritis, which is an inflammation of the urethra. Other symptoms may include discharge from the penis, burning during urination, and itching or redness around the genitals.

**Transmission:** Chlamydia Trachomatis is primarily transmitted through sexual contact. It can be passed from one person to another during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. It can also be transmitted from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth.

Section 2: Prevention

**Prevention:** There are several ways to prevent Chlamydia Trachomatis infections:

1. Abstinence: The best way to avoid sexually transmitted infections is to abstain from sexual activity.

2. Condoms: Using condoms during sexual activity can reduce the risk of transmission.

3. Regular testing: Both partners should be tested for sexually transmitted infections before engaging in sexual activity. This can help identify and treat infections before they spread.

4. Monogamy: Having only one sexual partner who is not infected with Chlamydia Trachomatis can reduce the risk of transmission.

Section 3: Conclusion

In conclusion, Chlamydia Trachomatis is a common cause of non-gonococcal urethritis in men. It can also be transmitted through sexual contact and passed from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth. Prevention strategies include abstinence, condom use, regular testing, and monogamy. Understanding these concepts can help individuals make informed decisions about their sexual health and reduce the spread of Chlamydia Trachomatis infections.


text: For the 2016 Mid Year Concert, the Intermezzo Strings are playing movements from the “Capriol Suite” by Peter Warlock. This work requires careful listening. Some moments are filled with beautiful harmonies, others are written to be so harsh that our teeth grind. How can we learn the difference?. Listening to a recording can help, especially if you read your part while listening. As it happens, the LYCO already has a recording of the Capriol Suite, made during the 2006 Residential Summer String Camp. You can listen to it in the RSSC 2006 Gallery.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Listening to Music

Introduction:
Listening to music is an essential skill for anyone who wants to understand and appreciate the art of music. In this lesson, we will learn about the different elements of music and how to listen to them carefully. We will use the "Capriol Suite" by Peter Warlock as an example to illustrate our points.

Section 1: Understanding the Elements of Music

- Pitch: Pitch refers to the highness or lowness of a sound. It is measured in Hertz (Hz). When we listen to music, we need to pay attention to the pitch of each note.
- Rhythm: Rhythm refers to the pattern of beats in a piece of music. It is measured in beats per minute (BPM). When we listen to music, we need to identify the rhythmic patterns and feel the pulse of the music.
- Dynamics: Dynamics refer to the changes in volume throughout a piece of music. They can be used to create contrast and add expression to the music. When we listen to music, we need to notice the changes in volume and how they affect the mood of the piece.
- Timbre: Timbre refers to the quality of sound produced by a musical instrument or voice. It is the unique characteristic that distinguishes one instrument from another. When we listen to music, we need to identify the timbre of each instrument and how it contributes to the overall sound.

Questions and Answers:
- What is pitch in music?
- Pitch refers to the highness or lowness of a sound. It is measured in Hertz (Hz).
- How do we listen to the pitch of each note?
- When we listen to music, we need to pay attention to the pitch of each note.

Section 2: Listening to the "Capriol Suite" by Peter Warlock

- Movement I: This movement is filled with beautiful harmonies. Pay attention to the melody and how it is supported by the other instruments. Notice how the dynamics change throughout the movement, adding expression and contrast.
- Movement II: This movement is written to be so harsh that our teeth grind. Listen to the dissonant intervals and how they create tension and release. Notice how the timbre of the instruments changes, adding to the overall effect.
- Movement III: This movement is playful and lighthearted. Listen to the rhythmic patterns and how they create a sense of joy and celebration. Notice how the dynamics change, adding to the mood of the piece.

Section 3: Applying Skills to New Problems

Now that we have learned how to listen to music, we can apply these skills to other areas of our lives. For example, when listening to a political speech, we can pay attention to the pitch of the speaker's voice, the rhythm of their words, and the dynamics of their message. By applying these skills, we can better understand and analyze the information presented to us.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have learned about the elements of music and how to listen to them carefully. We have applied these skills to the "Capriol Suite" by Peter Warlock and discussed how we can use them in other areas of our lives. By developing our listening skills, we can better appreciate and understand the art of music.

Glossary:
- Pitch: Highness or lowness of a sound, measured in Hertz (Hz)
- Rhythm: Pattern of beats in a piece of music, measured in beats per minute (BPM)
- Dynamics: Changes in volume throughout a piece of music
- Timbre: Quality of sound produced by a musical instrument or voice

[**End of Lesson**]


text: The Heavy. Completed (2010). Sibling rivalry turned into betrayal between two brothers. One is a henchman (Gary Stretch) for a successful yet shady businessman (Stephen Rea), the other is a prime candidate for Prime Minister (Adrian Paul). Presented with an opportunity to take a long considered revenge against his estranged family (Christopher Lee, Jean Marsh), while being hunted by a psychotic police detective (Vinnie Jones) our conflicted antihero must come to terms with the truth in a world where you can trust no one and loyalty is rare.. Cast:. Gary Stretch (Dead Man's Shoes; Alexander). Stephen Rea (V for Vendetta; The End of the Affair; The Crying Game). Vinnie Jones (Mean Machine; Snatch, Lock Stock & Two Smoking Barrels). Shannyn Sossamon (How to Make It in America; A Knights Tale). Adrian Paul (Nine Miles Down; Highlander: The Source). Christopher Lee (The Lord of The Rings; The Man with the Golden Gun; Dracula: Prince of Darkness). Writer & Director: Marcus Warren

textbook:
Lesson: Writing a Film Synopsis

Introduction:
A film synopsis is a brief summary of a film's plot that highlights the main events and themes. It is usually written for promotional purposes or to provide a quick overview of the film's storyline. In this lesson, we will learn how to write a film synopsis by analyzing the example given above.

Section 1: Understanding the Synopsis
- Read the synopsis carefully and identify the main characters, setting, and plot points.
- Notice how the synopsis is structured, with an introduction, a conflict, and a resolution.
- Identify the key themes and messages conveyed by the synopsis.

Section 2: Analyzing the Synopsis
- Break down the synopsis into its main components: characters, setting, plot points, and themes.
- Examine how the characters are introduced and how their relationships are developed throughout the story.
- Analyze the conflict and how it drives the plot forward.
- Determine the resolution and how it ties back to the theme of the film.

Section 3: Writing a Synopsis
- Begin with a brief introduction that sets the stage for the story.
- Introduce the main characters and their relationships to each other.
- Describe the conflict and how it unfolds throughout the story.
- Highlight the resolution and how it ties back to the themes of the film.
- Use concise language and avoid unnecessary details.

Conclusion:
Writing a film synopsis requires a deep understanding of the story's plot and themes. By analyzing the example given above, we can see how a well-written synopsis can effectively capture the essence of a film and entice potential viewers. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can write a compelling and informative synopsis for any film.

Glossary:
- Synopsis: A brief summary of a film's plot.
- Theme: A central idea or message conveyed by a film.
- Conflict: A problem or obstacle that drives the plot forward.
- Resolution: The outcome of the conflict and the conclusion of the story.


text: One of the most interesting moments of the museum is the period in-between exhibitions. An exhibition closes, an exhibition opens. And what happens in between? The museum changes its face, it undresses and gets ready.. Today, Beit Ha'ir museum is preparing for the new exhibition "Isolated Moments from a Cycle" by the London based fashion house BOUDICCA. The wall papers that covered the galleries, the photographs, videos, installations, mannequins and designer clothes that were displayed in "Borderline" exhibition have been removed. The museum has been undressed.. Before the museum doors open for a new exhibition, something occurs in the museum, something that provokes thoughts on the in-between state and raises the question – is the current state of the museum no less interesting than the exhibitions in it? The scraped off walls reveal the different layers of past exhibitions all mixed together: Dan Reisinger aside Wayne Horse and de Castelbajac. Something interesting is created.

textbook:
Lesson: The Art of Undressing - Exploring the Beauty of Emptiness

Introduction:
The world of art is full of beauty and creativity, but sometimes, the most beautiful thing is the emptiness that comes before or after an exhibition. In this lesson, we will explore the concept of emptiness and its role in the world of art. We will learn about the beauty of the in-between state, the importance of undressing, and how to appreciate the hidden layers of past exhibitions.

Section 1: The Beauty of Emptiness

Topic 1: The In-Between State
- What do you think is the most interesting moment in a museum?
- Why is the in-between state of an exhibition important?
- Can you think of any other examples of in-between states in life?

Topic 2: The Undressed Museum
- What does it mean to undress a museum?
- Why is it important to reveal the different layers of past exhibitions?
- How can we appreciate the beauty of the undressed museum?

Topic 3: The Hidden Layers
- What are the hidden layers of past exhibitions?
- How can we uncover them?
- Why are they important?

Section 2: The Art of Undressing

Topic 1: The Process of Undressing
- What is the process of undressing a museum?
- Who is involved in this process?
- What are the steps involved?

Topic 2: The Beauty of Scraped Walls
- What do you think is the beauty of scraped walls?
- Why are they important in the world of art?
- How can we appreciate their beauty?

Topic 3: The Power of Emptiness
- What is the power of emptiness in the world of art?
- Why is it important to appreciate it?
- How can we use it to our advantage?

Section 3: Applying the Skills

Topic 1: The Undressed You
- What does it mean to undress yourself?
- Why is it important to reveal your hidden layers?
- How can you appreciate the beauty of your undressed self?

Topic 2: The Empty Canvas
- What is an empty canvas?
- Why is it important in the world of art?
- How can you use it to create something beautiful?

Topic 3: The Power of Silence
- What is the power of silence in the world of art?
- Why is it important to appreciate it?
- How can you use it to your advantage?

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the beauty of emptiness and the art of undressing is an important concept to explore in the world of art. By appreciating the in-between state, the hidden layers, and the power of emptiness, we can uncover the true beauty of art. We can apply these skills to our own lives, creating something beautiful from nothing and using the power of silence to our advantage. So, let us embrace the undressed museum, the scraped walls, and the hidden layers, for they hold the key to unlocking the true beauty of art.

Glossary:
- In-between state: The period of time between two exhibitions in a museum.
- Undress: To remove the layers of past exhibitions and reveal the different layers of past exhibitions.
- Hidden layers: The different layers of past exhibitions that are revealed when the museum is undressed.
- Emptiness: The absence of objects or exhibitions in a museum.
- Power of emptiness: The ability to appreciate the beauty of nothingness and use it to create something beautiful.


text:
On July 31, a team of six maritime archaeologists
will depart Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii, for a 30-day expedition
to Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument in the Northwestern
Hawaiian Islands. The multidisciplinary expedition, which has a
maritime archaeology focus, will set sail aboard the NOAA ship
Hi'ialakai with approximately 20
scientists from various fields. In
addition to the archaeology team, the scientific party will include
shark researchers, coral genetics researchers, Native Hawaiian cultural
practitioners and a wilderness documentary filmmaker.

A Trotman
style anchor rests on the seafloor at the Dunnottar Castle
shipwreck site at Kure Atoll.(Photo: Office of National Marine
Sanctuaries)

This year, the maritime archaeology team will
begin its work at French Frigate Shoals, where researchers will work to
create a detailed map of what is believed to be the wreck of the
turn-of-the-century wooden schooner Churchill.
Other highlights of the
cruise include wreck site mapping at Pearl and Hermes Atoll, artifact
retrieval from Kure Atoll for conservation and display in a visitor
center, and filming of a maritime heritage documentary video at Midway
Atoll.

The main objectives of the expedition are to
interpret these diverse archaeological sites through underwater
mapping, video and photography, and to share their stories with the
public in a variety of ways. These kinds of resources tell fascinating
stories about hundreds of years of seafaring throughout these atolls.
The development of a film, site plans and a museum exhibit will help
the public touch and see the history of this very remote and special
place.

textbook:
Lesson: Exploring Underwater Archaeology

**Introduction:**
Underwater archaeology is the study of human history that takes place underwater. This can include shipwrecks, sunken cities, and other artifacts that have been lost or buried over time. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of underwater archaeology, including how it differs from traditional archaeology, the tools used by archaeologists, and some of the most famous underwater discoveries in history.

**Section 1: What is Underwater Archaeology?**

Underwater archaeology is a subfield of archaeology that studies the past by examining artifacts and other historical evidence found underwater. This can include anything from shipwrecks to sunken cities to individual items such as pottery or tools.

**Section 2: How does Underwater Archaeology differ from Traditional Archaeology?**

While traditional archaeology focuses on artifacts found on land, underwater archaeology deals with artifacts that have been submerged in water for long periods of time. As a result, underwater archaeologists must use specialized techniques and equipment to recover and preserve these artifacts.

**Section 3: Tools of Underwater Archaeology**

Underwater archaeologists use a variety of tools to help them in their work. Some of these tools include:

- Remote Operated Vehicles (ROVs): These are small, underwater robots that can be controlled remotely by archaeologists on the surface. They are equipped with cameras and other sensors that allow them to explore and document underwater sites.
- Sonar Imaging: This technology uses sound waves to create images of underwater objects. It can be used to locate shipwrecks or other artifacts that may be buried in the sediment.
- Diving Equipment: Underwater archaeologists must be trained scuba divers in order to explore and excavate underwater sites. They use specialized diving gear, including tanks, regulators, and wet suits.

**Section 4: Famous Underwater Discoveries**

Some of the most famous underwater discoveries in history include:

- The RMS Titanic: Discovered in 1985, the wreck of the Titanic has provided valuable insights into the ship's final moments and the lives of those on board.
- The Mary Rose: This 16th century English warship sank in 1545 and was rediscovered in 1971. The wreck site has provided important information about Tudor-era naval warfare.
- The Antikythera Mechanism: Found in a shipwreck off the coast of Greece in 1901, this ancient device is considered one of the most complex mechanical devices of its time.

**Conclusion:**
Underwater archaeology is an exciting field that allows us to explore and learn about our past in ways that were once impossible. By studying artifacts and other historical evidence found underwater, we can gain valuable insights into the lives of people who lived in different times and places. Whether you're interested in shipwrecks, sunken cities, or individual artifacts, there's something fascinating about uncovering the secrets of the past beneath the waves.


text: Start your Lean Six Sigma Training with us today!. Lean Six Sigma Core Values. "The secret is to work less as individuals and more as a team. As a coach, I play not my eleven best, but my best eleven. " - Knute Rockne. "Teamwork divides the task and double the success. " - Anonymous. "The most powerful force ever known on this planet is human cooperation, a force for construction and destruction." - Jonathan Haidt. "Individual commitment to a group effort, that is what makes a team work, a company work, a society work, a civilization work." - Vince Lombardi "Lean Six Sigma is a method that relies on a collaborative team effort to improve performance by systematically removing waste and reducing variation." - Steven Bonacorsi.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Lean Six Sigma Core Values

### Lesson Overview

In this lesson, we will explore the core values of Lean Six Sigma, a method that focuses on teamwork, collaboration, and continuous improvement. We will learn about the importance of working together as a team, the benefits of collaboration, and how these values can help us achieve success in our personal and professional lives.

### Lesson Outline

I. Introduction to Lean Six Sigma Core Values
- Definition of Lean Six Sigma
- Importance of teamwork and collaboration
- Overview of the lesson topics

II. The Power of Teamwork
- Explanation of the benefits of teamwork
- Examples of successful teams in history
- Discussion of the role of each team member

III. Collaboration and Continuous Improvement
- Explanation of the concept of continuous improvement
- Examples of how Lean Six Sigma has improved business processes
- Discussion of the importance of data-driven decision making

IV. Conclusion
- Recap of the core values of Lean Six Sigma
- Discussion of how these values can be applied to personal and professional life
- Encouragement to continue learning and applying these values

V. Glossary
- Definition of key terms related to Lean Six Sigma

VI. Self-Debate Discussion
- Questions to encourage critical thinking and discussion among students

### Conclusion

In conclusion, the core values of Lean Six Sigma emphasize the importance of teamwork, collaboration, and continuous improvement. By working together as a team and striving for constant improvement, we can achieve great success in our personal and professional lives. This lesson has provided an overview of these values and how they can be applied to various scenarios. We encourage students to continue learning and applying these values in their daily lives.


text: Aberdeen Law Project Success Thanks to Donors. The Aberdeen Law Project (ALP) has two primary aims. First, to bridge the access to justice gap by offering free legal advice and representation to those that need it most. Second, to reduce the justice gap through efforts on law reform and a programme of community outreach initiatives that educate…. Published by The Development Trust, University of Aberdeen.

textbook:
**Lesson: Introduction to Law and Justice**

## Section 1: What is Law?

**Question:** What do you think is the definition of law?

**Answer:** Law is a set of rules and principles that govern the behavior of individuals and groups in society. It is enforced by a system of courts, tribunals, and other institutions that administer justice.

## Section 2: The Importance of Access to Justice

**Question:** Why is access to justice important?

**Answer:** Access to justice is essential because it ensures that everyone, regardless of their background or financial situation, has the opportunity to seek redress for wrongs committed against them and to protect their rights. Without access to justice, individuals may be unable to resolve disputes, enforce contracts, or seek compensation for injuries suffered due to the actions of others.

## Section 3: Community Outreach Initiatives

**Question:** How can community outreach initiatives help reduce the justice gap?

**Answer:** Community outreach initiatives can help reduce the justice gap by educating individuals about their rights and responsibilities, providing information about available legal services, and promoting awareness of the importance of access to justice. These initiatives can also help identify individuals who may require legal assistance but are unaware of the resources available to them.

## Conclusion:

In conclusion, this lesson has provided an introduction to law and justice, the importance of access to justice, and the role of community outreach initiatives in reducing the justice gap. By understanding these concepts, students can develop a deeper appreciation for the legal system and the importance of seeking justice when rights have been violated.