text:
Q:

Multiple relations to same table from different models

I would like to have a simple and reusable way of sharing a relations with a specific table with different models. What I would like to do is the possibility to specify a table, with a foreign key column such as "parent_id" and then associate this table/model to several models in my app. Is there a way to do this in cake, and which is the best way? I guess I would need an additional column in this table, to specify which is the table every row is linked to, e.g.:
Table1
id     0      1      2
name   name0  name1  name2
...
Table2
id     0      1      2
name   name0  name1  name2
...
Common_table:
id             0       1
...
parent_id      0       0
parent_table   Table1  Table2
I hope the explanation above made sense, thanks in advance!

A:

yes
when you create a relationship you can also set the conditions
An example could be an application in which you have many models that can be commented, so they all are in a hasMany relationship with Comment Model.
You can create a column in comments table storing the name of the model being commented and a parent_id column storing the id.
So the comments table would tipically be something like
id | parent_id | model_name | comment_text         | user_id
---+-----------+------------+----------------------+-------
1  | 15        | Post       | I like this Post     | 3
1  | 15        | Post       | I like this Post too | 5
2  | 19        | Receipt    | This receipt is good | 3

in your Post Model you can do
public hasMany =array(
    'Comment' => array(
        'foreignKey' => 'parent_id',
        'conditions' => array('Comment.model_name' => 'Post')
    )

in your Receipt Model you can do
public hasMany =array(
    'Comment' => array(
        'foreignKey' => 'parent_id',
        'conditions' => array('Comment.model_name' => 'Receipt')
    )

and so on

textbook:
# Lesson: Multiple Relations to Same Table from Different Models

## Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn how to create multiple relations to the same table from different models in CakePHP. This is useful when you have multiple models that share a common table, and you want to avoid repeating the same code for each model.

## Section 1: Understanding the Problem

The problem we are trying to solve is how to create multiple relations to the same table from different models in CakePHP. This can be useful when you have models that share a common table, such as comments on different posts or products. You don't want to write the same code for each model, so you need a way to reuse the relationship code across multiple models.

## Section 2: Setting Up the Relationship

To create multiple relations to the same table from different models in CakePHP, you need to create a relationship in your database. This relationship should have a foreign key column that links to the parent table. For example, if you have a comments table with an id column and a parent_id column that links to a posts table, you can create a relationship like this:

```
Table1
id     0      1      2
name   name0  name1  name2
...
Table2
id     0      1      2
name   name0  name1  name2
...
Common_table:
id             0       1
...
parent_id      0       0
parent_table   Table1  Table2
```

In this example, the Common_table has an `id` column and a `parent_id` column that links to either Table1 or Table2. To create this relationship in CakePHP, you can use the following code:

```php
$hasMany = [
    'comments' => [
        'className' => 'Comments',
        'foreignKey' => 'parent_id',
        'dependent' => true,
    ],
];
```

This code creates a hasMany relationship for the `Comments` model, where the foreign key is `parent_id`. The `dependent` option is set to `true`, which means that CakePHP will automatically update the associated records when you save the parent record.

## Section 3: Using the Relationship Across Multiple Models

Once you have created the relationship, you can use it in multiple models by simply calling the `hasMany` method on the model. For example, if you have a Posts model and a Comments model, you can use the relationship like this:

```php
$this->Comments->read(null, $commentId);
```

This code reads a comment with the ID `$commentId` from the database. You can use this code in both the Posts model and the Comments model, because they both share the same relationship.

## Section 4: Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned how to create multiple relations to the same table from different models in CakePHP. We saw how to set up the relationship in the database and how to use it in multiple models. This technique can save you time and effort when you have multiple models that share a common table.


text: Build A Strong Case.. Contact Louisville Dangerous Drugs Lawyer Rob Shelton.. Contact Louisville Dangerous Drugs Lawyer Rob Shelton.. Pradaxa is a drug used to keep platelets in your blood from clotting. People with a certain type of heart rhythm disorder take Pradaxa to prevent blood clots and reduce the risk of stroke. Unfortunately, some people experience serious side effects caused by Pradaxa. That’s why so many people are filing lawsuits in recent years against Boehringer Ingelheim, the German drug maker of Pradaxa. Serious side effects of Pradaxa include:. - Uncontrollable bleeding. - Extreme fatigue. - Unusual bleeding from the nose, mouth, vagina or rectum. - Joint pain or swelling. Don’t underestimate the seriousness of your Pradaxa.. Serving victims of dangerous drugs in Louisville and throughout Kentucky!. At the Shelton Law Group, our skilled, determined lawyers thrive on difficult legal cases. We have devoted our careers to helping clients get the compensation they need after a serious injury..

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: How to Build a Strong Case Against a Dangerous Drug Manufacturer
Introduction:
Dangerous drugs can cause severe side effects that can lead to long-term health problems or even death. If you or someone you know has been injured by a dangerous drug, it's essential to build a strong case against the manufacturer to hold them accountable for their actions. In this lesson, we will discuss the steps involved in building a strong case against a dangerous drug manufacturer.
Section 1: Understanding the Dangers of the Drug
The first step in building a strong case against a dangerous drug manufacturer is understanding the dangers of the drug. You should research the drug's side effects, potential interactions with other medications, and any warnings or precautions associated with its use. This information will help you establish the severity of your injuries and demonstrate how the manufacturer failed to warn you of the risks.
Section 2: Gathering Evidence
The next step is to gather evidence to support your case. This may include medical records, prescription information, and any other documentation related to your use of the drug. You should also collect any witness statements or testimony from individuals who can attest to your injuries and how they have affected your life. Additionally, you may need to consult with experts in the field to help establish the causal link between the drug and your injuries.
Section 3: Proving Negligence
To build a strong case against a dangerous drug manufacturer, you must prove that they were negligent in their actions. This means demonstrating that they failed to adequately test the drug, did not warn consumers of the risks, or otherwise acted recklessly in producing and marketing the drug. Your evidence should support these claims and show that the manufacturer knew or should have known about the risks associated with the drug.
Section 4: Calculating Damages
Once you have established negligence, you must calculate the damages you have suffered as a result of the drug's side effects. This may include medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and any other costs associated with your injuries. You should keep records of all financial losses and seek expert opinions on the value of non-economic damages such as pain and suffering.
Conclusion:
Building a strong case against a dangerous drug manufacturer requires careful planning and attention to detail. By understanding the dangers of the drug, gathering evidence, proving negligence, and calculating damages, you can hold the manufacturer accountable for their actions and seek the compensation you deserve. Remember, it's essential to act quickly when filing a claim against a dangerous drug manufacturer, so don't hesitate to contact an experienced attorney as soon as possible.
Glossary:
- Dangerous drug: A medication that has been found to cause severe side effects or injuries.
- Negligence: The failure to exercise reasonable care or caution in performing an action, resulting in harm to someone else.
- Damages: The money awarded to a plaintiff in a civil lawsuit to compensate for losses suffered as a result of the defendant's actions.
- Expert opinion: A statement made by a witness who is qualified as an expert in a particular field by reason of knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education.


text: Amex are pleased to announce the release of their new, top of the range, Custom Carbon Boom.. Hand made in Italy using sophisticated carbon lay up technology it boasts a full tapered grip, ergonomically correct profile, and a customised oval grip for better rider control. We’re told that, most importantly the ‘Amex Custom’ is the stiffest and strongest boom on the market and impressively also the lightest.. Amex also say: “If you want a boom for life that you can truly rely on then the Custom is the boom for you”.. When we can get our hands on one, we’ll give you the full low down.. You can order one now at your local amex dealer.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Composite Materials

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Composite materials are made up of two or more different materials combined together to create a new material with specific properties. These materials are used in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, and construction, due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and other desirable characteristics. In this lesson, we will explore the basic concepts of composite materials, including their composition, manufacturing processes, and applications.

## Section 2: Questions and Answers
**Question:** What are composite materials made of?
**Answer:** Composite materials are made up of two or more different materials, which are combined together to create a new material with specific properties. These materials can be made from a variety of materials, including fibers (such as carbon or glass), resins, and other reinforcements (such as sand or clay).

**Question:** How are composite materials manufactured?
**Answer:** Composite materials are manufactured using a variety of processes, including hand lay-up, vacuum bagging, and autoclave curing. These processes involve layering the composite material and applying heat and pressure to create a strong and durable final product.

**Question:** What are some applications of composite materials?
**Answer:** Composite materials are used in a wide range of applications, including aerospace (such as aircraft wings and fuselages), automotive (such as car bodies and chassis), and construction (such as bridges and buildings). They are chosen for their high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and other desirable characteristics.

## Section 3: Definitions and Examples
**Definition:** Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) is a type of composite material that consists of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibers. The fibers can be made from a variety of materials, including carbon, glass, or aramid, and provide the material with high strength and stiffness.

**Example:** A common example of a FRP is carbon fiber, which is made up of thin strands of carbon fibers embedded in a resin matrix. This material is commonly used in the manufacture of high-performance sports cars and racing vehicles due to its light weight and high strength.

## Glossary
- Composite materials: Materials made up of two or more different materials combined together to create a new material with specific properties.
- Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP): A type of composite material consisting of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibers.
- High strength-to-weight ratio: The ability of a material to carry heavy loads without breaking or deforming.
- Corrosion resistance: The ability of a material to resist decay or damage caused by chemical reactions with its environment.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we have explored the basic concepts of composite materials, including their composition, manufacturing processes, and applications. By understanding these concepts, we can appreciate the importance of these materials in various industries and their potential for future innovation.


text: Alright, here's a question for you guys. Since the 1970s, the energy cost of a refrigerator was about 2.4 kW/h a day. Since then that figure has fallen by a factor of about 4, to about .6kW/h a day and reducing our electricity generation needs by about 40 Gigawatts. As you know, what with rising oil prices and the blackouts this summer we are in a bit of an energy crunch. Would you be alright if the government went in and changed the regulations on residential refrigerators and required that all new refrigerators built and sold in the United States could not consume more than 400 watts a day? The technology already exists to go under that, and many refrigerators already on the market do, but by requiring the reduction we'd end up saving a lot of energy that would have otherwise probably have been imported from overseas or Canada as natural gas, increasing our foriegn energy dependency and CO2 emissions. Do you think this would be just?

textbook:
Title: Saving Energy with Refrigerators

## Chapter 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of energy conservation and how refrigerators can help us save energy. We will also discuss the potential benefits of reducing the energy consumption of refrigerators and the challenges that come with it.

## Chapter 2: The Importance of Energy Conservation
Energy conservation is the practice of reducing the amount of energy used to perform various tasks. This is important because it helps us save money on our energy bills and reduce our carbon footprint. By conserving energy, we can also reduce our dependence on non-renewable sources of energy such as fossil fuels, which contribute to air pollution and climate change.

## Chapter 3: How Refrigerators Help Us Save Energy
Refrigerators are one of the most important appliances in our homes. They keep our food fresh and prevent it from spoiling. However, refrigerators also consume a lot of energy, especially when they are running all day. By reducing the energy consumption of refrigerators, we can save money on our energy bills and reduce our carbon footprint.

## Chapter 4: Potential Benefits of Reducing Refrigerator Energy Consumption
Reducing the energy consumption of refrigerators can have several benefits. Firstly, it can help us save money on our energy bills. Secondly, it can reduce our dependence on non-renewable sources of energy such as fossil fuels. Thirdly, it can help us reduce our carbon footprint and contribute to the fight against climate change.

## Chapter 5: Challenges of Reducing Refrigerator Energy Consumption
Reducing the energy consumption of refrigerators can be challenging. Firstly, many people are used to having their refrigerators run all day and may not be willing to change their habits. Secondly, some refrigerators may not be able to operate efficiently at lower energy levels. Finally, there may be concerns about the safety of using refrigerators that consume less energy.

## Chapter 6: Conclusion
In conclusion, reducing the energy consumption of refrigerators can be an effective way to save energy and reduce our carbon footprint. While there may be challenges to overcome, the potential benefits make it worthwhile to explore this option further. By taking action now, we can help ensure a better future for ourselves and future generations.


text: .. Henry Hatsworth in the Puzzling Adventure is a deceptively charming game. One part platformer, one part tile-matcher, all parts difficult! Players navigate the upstanding British adventurer on his quest to attain a golden suit in standard action-platformer fare. Jumping around and attacking enemies is the name of the game. This is all relegated to the top screen however; the key differentiating feature is the tile-matching game that takes place on the bottom screen. Players must switch between both screens to stay alive, and gain power-ups in order to survive and excel. That gets tough too as the game’s difficulty curve eventually skyrockets. It was too much for me to bear and it remains unfinished. It’s a well-crafted and unique game nonetheless.. The developer might come as a surprise to some: EA Tiburon – the Madden NFL studio. The figureheads behind the game broke out and formed their own company afterwards – DreamRift. It was published by EA Games in North America on the Nintendo DS on March 17, 2009.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Play Henry Hatsworth in the Puzzling Adventure

Introduction:
Henry Hatsworth in the Puzzling Adventure is a unique game that combines platformer and tile-matching gameplay. In this lesson, we will learn how to play the game and understand its mechanics. We will cover the basics of jumping and attacking enemies, switching between screens, and matching tiles. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to play Henry Hatsworth in the Puzzling Adventure with confidence.

Section 1: Basic Mechanics

**Jumping and Attacking Enemies**
- To jump, press the jump button when Henry is on the ground.
- To attack enemies, press the attack button when Henry is near an enemy.
- You can also perform a special attack by charging up your energy meter and pressing the attack button.

**Switching Between Screens**
- Use the left analog stick or the directional buttons to move Henry to the left or right screen.
- When you are on the left screen, you can match tiles to gain power-ups.
- When you are on the right screen, you need to avoid obstacles and enemies while jumping and attacking.

Section 2: Tile Matching

**Matching Tiles**
- To match tiles, select four tiles of the same color in a row or column.
- You can swap tiles by pressing the button or using the touch screen on mobile devices.
- Try to match as many tiles as possible to gain power-ups and increase your score.

**Power-Ups**
- Power-ups are obtained by matching tiles and can be used to help Henry in the right screen.
- Some power-ups give Henry extra lives, others provide invincibility, or allow him to shoot projectiles.
- Use power-ups wisely to survive and progress through the game.

Section 3: Difficulty and Strategy

**Difficulty**
- Henry Hatsworth in the Puzzling Adventure has a steep difficulty curve, especially later in the game.
- Enemies become faster and more aggressive, and obstacles become more challenging to avoid.
- Stay focused and use your power-ups wisely to overcome the challenges.

**Strategy**
- Plan your moves carefully when switching between screens.
- Try to match tiles when Henry is not in danger to avoid distractions.
- Use your special attack when facing multiple enemies or obstacles.

Glossary:
- Tiles: Small squares that appear on the bottom screen.
- Power-Ups: Items obtained by matching tiles that provide benefits to Henry.
- Score: A measure of how well you are doing in the game.

Conclusion:
Henry Hatsworth in the Puzzling Adventure is a challenging game that requires skill and strategy to progress. By mastering the basics of jumping, attacking, and switching between screens, you can overcome the obstacles and challenges presented in the game. With practice and patience, you will be able to enjoy this unique and well-crafted game.


text: Details of Services Offered:. At Herman Miller Workplace Resource, we provide dependable, efficient, and cost-effective solutions for today's work environments through our furniture products and workplace management services.. Everything we do is designed to support the success and growth of your business. We deliver results, and you can count on our performance.. What makes my services unique?. As your official Herman Miller sales representative, I offer the tools and expertise necessary to help align your work environment with your business goals. It would be my pleasure to assist you in planning, specification ordering, project managing, receiving, installing, and maintaining your furniture investment over the long term.. Testimonials:. Home :: Sales :: Procurement :: View. Profiles :: Create Profile ::. :: Partners :: Privacy. Policy :: Professional. Profiles :: Professional Advice. © Trade Pals Inc. All Rights ReservedB2B Sales Leads - Free Advertising

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to B2B Sales Leads
## Section 1: What are B2B Sales Leads?
In this section, we will learn about what B2B sales leads are, why they are important, and how they can benefit businesses.
### Topic 1: What are B2B Sales Leads?
B2B sales leads refer to potential customers who have shown interest in a particular business's products or services. These leads are usually generated through various marketing strategies such as email campaigns, social media outreach, and online advertising.
### Topic 2: Why are B2B Sales Leads Important?
B2B sales leads are crucial for businesses because they help identify potential customers who may be interested in their products or services. By targeting these leads, businesses can save time and resources that would have been spent on cold calling or other traditional marketing methods. Additionally, B2B sales leads can help businesses establish relationships with potential customers, which can lead to increased sales and revenue.
### Topic 3: How can B2B Sales Leads Benefit Businesses?
There are several ways in which B2B sales leads can benefit businesses. Firstly, they can help businesses identify potential customers who may be interested in their products or services. This allows businesses to focus their marketing efforts on these leads, increasing the likelihood of converting them into actual customers. Secondly, B2B sales leads can help businesses establish relationships with potential customers, which can lead to increased loyalty and repeat business. Finally, B2B sales leads can help businesses save time and resources that would have been spent on traditional marketing methods, such as cold calling or direct mail campaigns.
## Section 2: Generating B2B Sales Leads
In this section, we will learn about different methods businesses can use to generate B2B sales leads.
### Topic 1: Email Campaigns
Email campaigns are a popular method for generating B2B sales leads. By sending targeted emails to potential customers, businesses can introduce themselves and their products or services, and encourage recipients to respond with interest.
### Topic 2: Social Media Outreach
Social media outreach is another effective method for generating B2B sales leads. By creating engaging content and interacting with potential customers on platforms such as LinkedIn and Twitter, businesses can build relationships and establish themselves as thought leaders in their industry.
### Topic 3: Online Advertising
Online advertising is a powerful tool for generating B2B sales leads. By placing targeted ads on websites that potential customers frequent, businesses can reach a wide audience and attract interest in their products or services.
## Section 3: Managing B2B Sales Leads
In this section, we will learn about best practices for managing B2B sales leads once they have been generated.
### Topic 1: Organization
Once B2B sales leads have been generated, it is essential to organize them in a way that makes it easy to track and follow up with each lead. This can be done using a customer relationship management (CRM) system or a spreadsheet.
### Topic 2: Prioritization
It is also important to prioritize B2B sales leads based on their level of interest and likelihood of converting into actual customers. This can be done by assigning a score or rating to each lead, and then sorting them accordingly.
### Topic 3: Follow-Up
Finally, it is crucial to follow up with B2B sales leads in a timely and professional manner. This can involve reaching out via email or phone to schedule a meeting or provide more information about the business and its products or services.
## Conclusion
By understanding the importance of B2B sales leads, businesses can generate and manage them effectively to increase sales and revenue. By using targeted email campaigns, social media outreach, and online advertising, businesses can identify potential customers and establish relationships with them. By organizing, prioritizing, and following up with B2B sales leads, businesses can convert them into actual customers and build long-term relationships.


text:
Glenn MacDonald

Glenn MacDonald is the John M. Olin Distinguished Professor of Economics and Strategy at the Olin Business School at Washington University in St. Louis, and  a professor of economics in the department of economics in the school's College of Arts and Sciences.  He also serves as the director of the Center for Research in Economics and Strategy at Olin.

He began his tenure at Washington University in 2001. He was also a Senior Associate Dean of the Olin Business School (at that time named the Olin School of Business) from 2005 through 2007.

Prior to moving to St. Louis to work at Washington University in St. Louis, Glenn MacDonald served as a Professor and Area Coordinator for Economics and Management at the William E. Simon Graduate School of Business Administration at the University of Rochester located in Rochester, New York from 1994 until 2001. Also while working at the University of Rochester, Glenn MacDonald worked as a professor of economics in the William E. Simon Graduate School of Business Administration from 1992 until 2001. During this period he was also a Professor of Organizations and Markets (1992-1994). Beginning in 1985 he served as a Senior Research Associate at the Rochester Center for Economic Research.

Before his time in Rochester, New York working for the William E. Simon Graduate School of Business Administration Glenn MacDonald held a number of positions at the University of Western Ontario. Glenn MacDonald served as a lecturer during 1978 and 1979, as an assistant professor from 1979 until 1982, and associate professor from 1982 until 1984, and a full professor of economics from 1984 until 1992 when he moved to Rochester, New York.

Works

Recent significant works

"Do new entrants sustain, destroy or create guaranteed profitability?" Strategic Management Journal (forthcoming); with Michael Ryall
"The Economics of Super Managers," Review of Financial Studies (2011); with Nina Baranchuk and Jun Yang
"The Life Cycle of the Size Distribution of Firms," Review of Economic Dynamics (2009); with Emin Dinlersoz
"Legal Institutions, Sectoral Heterogeneity, and Economi Development," Review of Economic Studies (2009); with Rui Castro and Gian Luca Clementi
"Adverse Specialization" Journal of Political Economy (August, 2001), 864-899; with Leslie Marx.

Early significant works
"Person-Specific Information in the Labor Market", The Journal of Political Economy, Jun., 1980.
"The Impact of Schooling on Wages", Econometrica, Sep., 1981.
"Information in Production", Econometrica, Sep.,1982.
"A Market Equilibrium Theory of Job Assignment and Sequential Accumulation of Information", The American Economic Review, Dec., 1982.
"The Economics of Rising Stars", The American Economic Review, Mar., 1988.
"Competitive Diffusion", The Journal of Political Economy, Feb., 1994; with Boyan Jovanovic.
"The Life Cycle of a Competitive Industry", The Journal of Political Economy, Apr., 1994; with Boyan Jovanovic.
"When is Advertising a Signal of Product Quality?", Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, Fall 1994; with Ignatius Horstmann.

Life

Early life

Recent Interests
MacDonald was an avid long-distance runner for many years, completing the Go St. Louis Marathon in 2008.

References

External links
 http://www.olin.wustl.edu/facultyandresearch/Faculty/Pages/FacultyDetail.aspx?username=macdonald
 http://apps.olin.wustl.edu/faculty/macdonald/Dr._Glenn_Macdonald/Home.html
 http://www.econ.rochester.edu/postgraduate/glenn.html

Category:Living people
Category:1952 births
Category:21st-century American economists
Category:University of Rochester alumni
Category:Washington University in St. Louis faculty
Category:York University alumni

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Economic Systems

Introduction:
Economic systems refer to the way in which a society allocates its resources to meet the needs and wants of its citizens. There are four main types of economic systems: traditional, command, market, and mixed. In this lesson, we will explore the characteristics of each system and analyze their strengths and weaknesses.

Section 1: Traditional Economic System

Traditional economic systems are based on customs, beliefs, and traditions passed down from generation to generation. These systems are often found in rural communities where people engage in subsistence farming and bartering.

Question: What are some examples of traditional economic systems?
Answer: Some examples of traditional economic systems include Native American reservations, rural African villages, and isolated island communities.

Section 2: Command Economic System

In a command economic system, the government controls all aspects of the economy, including pricing, production, and distribution of goods and services. This system is often associated with socialist or communist countries.

Question: What are some examples of command economic systems?
Answer: Some examples of command economic systems include the former Soviet Union, Cuba, and North Korea.

Section 3: Market Economic System

A market economic system is characterized by private ownership of businesses, free enterprise, and supply and demand. Prices, production, and distribution are determined by the interactions of businesses and consumers.

Question: What are some examples of market economic systems?
Answer: Some examples of market economic systems include the United States, Canada, and most Western European countries.

Section 4: Mixed Economic System

A mixed economic system combines elements of both market and command economic systems. In this system, the government may regulate certain industries while allowing others to operate freely.

Question: What are some examples of mixed economic systems?
Answer: Some examples of mixed economic systems include Japan, Germany, and France.

Conclusion:
Understanding economic systems is crucial for understanding how societies allocate their resources. By examining the characteristics of each system, we can analyze their strengths and weaknesses and determine which system best aligns with our values and goals.


text: Documents. This policy defines employment requirements and summarizes eligibility for benefits for the different types of employee appointments and defines career state employee status.. Approved personnel actions for the AUGUST 2015 SHRC Meeting.. This is a template Blood-Borne Pathogens Program to be used by agencies and universities in the creation of an agency- or university-specific Blood-Borne Pathogens Program. This plan provides information on what is required in order to ensure compliance with the OSHA standard, 29 CFR 1910.1030.. This document provides details for how to administer and record bonus leave in the BEACON system.. These documents contain the policy and guidelines that define the Career Banding framework and outlines the Career Banding Salary Administration plan.. These documents will give you the basics of the CPM program.. Share this page:

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Career Banding

## Section 1: What is Career Banding?
Career banding is a human resource management strategy that groups jobs into career bands based on the level of knowledge, skills, and abilities required to perform the work. This approach aims to provide employees with opportunities for growth and development within their careers by offering competitive salaries and benefits.

## Section 2: Why use Career Banding?
Organizations use career banding to attract and retain talented employees, improve employee morale and productivity, and streamline their workforce. By offering competitive salaries and benefits, organizations can attract and retain top talent, which can lead to increased innovation, creativity, and productivity. Additionally, career banding can help organizations reduce turnover rates and improve employee satisfaction.

## Section 3: How does Career Banding work?
Career banding works by grouping jobs into career bands based on the level of knowledge, skills, and abilities required to perform the work. Within each career band, employees are paid within a salary range, which is determined by factors such as market data, job responsibilities, and organizational needs. As employees gain experience and develop new skills, they can move up within their career band, resulting in higher salaries and more responsibility.

## Section 4: Examples of Career Bands
Examples of career bands might include:
- Entry-level: Jobs at this level require minimal experience and are typically entry-level positions.
- Mid-level: Jobs at this level require some experience and may involve managing others or leading projects.
- Senior-level: Jobs at this level require significant experience and typically involve managing teams or departments.

## Section 5: Conclusion
Career banding is an effective way for organizations to attract and retain top talent while providing opportunities for growth and development. By grouping jobs into career bands based on the level of knowledge, skills, and abilities required to perform the work, organizations can offer competitive salaries and benefits that can lead to increased employee satisfaction and productivity.


text:
Mid Fife and Glenrothes (Scottish Parliament constituency)

Mid Fife and Glenrothes is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament (Holyrood). It elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the plurality (first past the post) method of election. Also, it is one of nine constituencies in the Mid Scotland and Fife electoral region, which elects seven additional members, in addition to nine constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole.

Created in 2011, the constituency comprises most of the previous Central Fife constituency which was abolished for the 2011 Scottish Parliament election.

Electoral region

The other eight constituencies of the Mid Scotland and Fife region are Clackmannanshire and Dunblane, Cowdenbeath, Dunfermline, Kirkcaldy, North East Fife, Perthshire North, Perthshire South and Kinross-shire and Stirling.

The region covers all of the Clackmannanshire council area, all of the Fife council area, all of the Perth and Kinross council area and all of the Stirling council area.

Constituency boundaries and council area

Fife is represented in the Scottish Parliament by five constituencies, Cowdenbeath, Dunfermline, Kirkcaldy, Mid Fife and Glenrothes and North East Fife.

The seat of Mid Fife and Glenrothes is formed from the following electoral wards:

Glenrothes West and Kinglassie, Glenrothes North, Leslie and Markinch, Glenrothes Central and Thornton, Leven, Kennoway and Largo

Member of the Scottish Parliament

Election results

2010s

Category:Scottish Parliament constituencies and regions from 2011
Category:Politics of Fife
Category:Constituencies of the Scottish Parliament
Category:Constituencies established in 2011
Category:2011 establishments in Scotland

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Electoral Constituencies and Regions in Scotland

Introduction:

In this lesson, we will learn about electoral constituencies and regions in Scotland. We will focus on the Mid Fife and Glenrothes constituency and the Mid Scotland and Fife electoral region. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the differences between these two entities and how they work together to elect members of the Scottish Parliament.

Section 1: Electoral Constituencies

An electoral constituency is a geographical area where people vote to elect a member of parliament or other representative body. In Scotland, there are 73 electoral constituencies, each represented by one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP).

Mid Fife and Glenrothes is one such constituency. It was created in 2011 and comprises most of the previous Central Fife constituency. The current MSP for Mid Fife and Glenrothes is Willie Rennie, who was elected in 2016.

Section 2: Electoral Regions

An electoral region is a group of electoral constituencies that work together to elect additional members of a parliament or representative body. In Scotland, there are eight electoral regions, each of which elects a varying number of additional members to the Scottish Parliament.

The Mid Scotland and Fife electoral region covers all of the Clackmannanshire council area, all of the Fife council area, all of the Perth and Kinross council area, and parts of the Stirling council area. It elects seven additional members to the Scottish Parliament, in addition to the nine constituency MSPs.

Section 3: How Electoral Constituencies and Regions Work Together

In Scotland, the electoral system used to elect members of the Scottish Parliament is called the "Additional Member System". This system combines both first-past-the-post voting in individual electoral constituencies with a form of proportional representation through the regional list system.

In Mid Fife and Glenrothes, voters choose one MSP to represent their constituency. Additionally, voters across the Mid Scotland and Fife region vote for a party list of candidates. Based on the proportion of votes received by each party, additional members are elected to represent the region as a whole.

Conclusion:

In summary, an electoral constituency is a specific geographic area where people vote to elect a member of parliament or other representative body. In Scotland, there are 73 electoral constituencies, one of which is Mid Fife and Glenrothes. An electoral region, on the other hand, is a group of electoral constituencies that work together to elect additional members to a parliament or representative body. In Scotland, there are eight electoral regions, one of which is Mid Scotland and Fife. The Additional Member System is used to elect members of the Scottish Parliament, combining first-past-the-post voting in individual electoral constituencies with a form of proportional representation through the regional list system.

Glossary:
- Electoral constituency: A geographical area where people vote to elect a member of parliament or other representative body.
- Electoral region: A group of electoral constituencies that work together to elect additional members to a parliament or representative body.
- Additional Member System: The electoral system used to elect members of the Scottish Parliament, combining first-past-the-post voting in individual electoral constituencies with a form of proportional representation through the regional list system.


text: Take a few moments to look at this image. It actually takes a few minutes to see what is there but when you see it you will find a compelling composition and “The “confusion” of the reflection is awesome!” say’s Robert R Fletcher.. Morning blue light mixed with early sun light hit the spot for this image in Grand Teton at String Lake. White balance set to 5200k allowing the soft blue light to settle on the areas not touched by sun light yet. These areas were accentuated to bring out a strong contrast and emphasize the Tetons reflecting in the water.. Canon 5DIII f/14.0 1/4 sec and ISO 320.. Image © Eddie Tapp 2012. Awesome

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding and Analyzing Photographs

**Introduction**

Photography is an art form that captures moments and memories in time. A good photograph can tell a story, evoke emotions, and convey a message. In this lesson, we will learn about the elements of a good photograph, including composition, lighting, and subject matter. We will also analyze a photograph to understand its meaning and message.

**Section 1: Composition**

Composition refers to the arrangement of objects within a photograph. A well-composed photograph will lead the viewer's eye through the image and create a sense of balance and harmony. There are several composition techniques that photographers use to create visually appealing images, including the rule of thirds, leading lines, and symmetry.

**Question:** What is the rule of thirds, and how can it be used to improve a photograph?

**Answer:** The rule of thirds is a composition technique that divides an image into nine equal parts by two equally spaced horizontal lines and two vertical lines. By placing the subject or points of interest along these lines or at their intersections, photographers can create more balanced and interesting images.

**Example:** Imagine you are taking a photograph of a landscape. Instead of centering the horizon in the frame, you could place it along one of the vertical lines of the rule of thirds, creating a more dynamic and interesting image.

**Section 2: Lighting**

Lighting is another crucial element of photography. Good lighting can enhance the mood and atmosphere of an image, while poor lighting can ruin even the most beautiful scene. Photographers must understand the types of light (hard or soft) and the direction and quality of light to create the desired effect.

**Question:** What is the difference between hard and soft light, and how does it affect a photograph?

**Answer:** Hard light creates sharp shadows and high contrast, while soft light produces gentle shadows and lower contrast. Hard light is often created by direct sunlight or bright artificial lights, while soft light can be achieved by diffusing light sources or shooting on overcast days. The type of light used can greatly impact the mood and tone of an image.

**Example:** Portrait photographers often use soft light to create a flattering and natural appearance for their subjects, while architectural photographers may use hard light to emphasize the structure and form of a building.

**Section 3: Subject Matter**

Subject matter refers to the objects or people within a photograph. A strong subject can make or break an image, and photographers must consider the composition, color, and texture of their subjects. Additionally, photographers must decide whether to include or exclude certain elements within a frame to convey the intended message.

**Question:** How do photographers choose which elements to include in an image?

**Answer:** Photographers must consider the focal length of their lens, the distance between themselves and the subject, and the context of the scene to determine which elements to include in an image. They may also use editing software to crop or manipulate the image to achieve the desired result.

**Example:** A wildlife photographer may choose to include only the animal's head and shoulders within the frame to emphasize its features and personality, while a street photographer may capture a candid moment that includes the surrounding environment to tell a more complete story.

**Conclusion**

Understanding the elements of a good photograph is essential for creating visually stunning images. By considering composition, lighting, and subject matter, photographers can convey a message and evoke emotions through their work. By analyzing photographs, we can learn to appreciate the art form and better understand the power of visual communication.

**Glossary:**
- Composition: The arrangement of objects within a photograph.
- Rule of Thirds: A composition technique that divides an image into nine equal parts by two equally spaced horizontal lines and two vertical lines.
- Hard Light: Creates sharp shadows and high contrast.
- Soft Light: Produces gentle shadows and lower contrast.
- Subject Matter: The objects or people within a photograph.
- Focal Length: The physical length of a camera lens.


text: In an L.A. Times Op-Ed opinion today, Diane Ravitch argues that California should change its rules that presently pressure the state Board of Education toward accepting a politically correct version of history in text books. The article, captioned "PC Textbooks Full of Skewed History", Ravitch describes the history taught in California's public schools as "inaccurate and dishonest". She advocates a change to the present system. Ravitch is a historian of education at New York University who formerly served on a committee to revise California's history curriculum.. Here is an excerpt from the article:. )."

textbook:
**Title:** Understanding History: How to Read and Analyze Historical Texts

**Lesson Overview:** In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of studying history and how to read and analyze historical texts. We will explore different sources of historical information and learn how to evaluate their credibility. We will also learn how to identify patterns and trends in historical events and analyze their significance.

**Section 1: Introduction to History**

History is the study of past events and the relationships between them. It helps us understand how societies and cultures have evolved over time, and how they have been shaped by different events and ideas. By studying history, we can gain insights into the present and make informed decisions about the future.

**Section 2: Reading and Analyzing Historical Texts**

To read and analyze historical texts, we need to use critical thinking skills. This means questioning what we read, evaluating evidence, and considering multiple perspectives. Here are some steps to follow when reading historical texts:

1. Identify the author and their background. Who wrote the text, and what is their expertise or perspective on the subject?
2. Examine the source of the information. Is it a reliable source, such as a scholarly journal or a reputable book?
3. Look for evidence to support the claims made in the text. Are there footnotes or citations to other sources?
4. Consider the context in which the events occurred. What was happening in the world at the time, and how might that have influenced the events?
5. Analyze the language used in the text. Does the author use emotive language or make value judgments?
6. Compare the text with other sources to see if there are contradictions or inconsistencies.

**Section 3: Evaluating Historical Information**

When evaluating historical information, we need to consider the credibility of the source and the reliability of the evidence presented. Here are some questions to ask:

1. Is the source of the information reliable? Check the credentials of the author and the publisher.
2. Is the evidence presented accurate and unbiased? Look for supporting evidence and consider alternative explanations.
3. Is the interpretation of the events consistent with other sources? Compare the information with other historical accounts.
4. Is the language used emotionally charged or biased? Watch out for value judgments and personal opinions.
5. Is the context of the events taken into account? Consider the social, political, and cultural factors that may have influenced the events.

**Section 4: Identifying Patterns and Trends**

Historical events often follow patterns and trends that can be analyzed and interpreted. Here are some ways to identify these patterns:

1. Look for recurring themes or motifs. Are there certain ideas or beliefs that keep appearing in the historical narrative?
2. Identify turning points or tipping points. Which events or decisions had a significant impact on the course of history?
3. Compare different historical periods or cultures. How do their experiences and values shape their historical narratives?
4. Consider the long-term effects of historical events. How have they shaped society and culture in the long run?

**Glossary:**
- Credibility: The quality of being trustworthy or reliable
- Reliability: The quality of being dependable or consistent
- Evidence: Proof or data that supports a claim or hypothesis
- Context: The setting or environment in which events occur
- Interpretation: The process of explaining or understanding the meaning of something
- Patterns: Regular and predictable sequences or structures
- Trends: General directions or tendencies in which something is developing or changing

**Conclusion:** By studying history and learning how to read and analyze historical texts, we can gain valuable insights into the past and apply them to the present and future. By evaluating historical information and identifying patterns and trends, we can better understand the complexities of human society and culture.


text: Gaëlle Brunet's Profile. About. Hi there,. my name is Gaëlle and I'm a photographer based in a city surrounded by mountains, in the south-east of France.. Here you will mainly find some of my photos crafted into wood blocks, ready to display and add a little something to your home decor.. You will also be able to order some prints and wall calendars.. For the photo blocks, I do everything myself, from the pictures to the painting and mounting of the blocks.. I use nice and solid wood, prepared by a joiner who also happens to be a very good friend of mine!. I use only recyclable and/or recycled materials for all my packagings, and eco-friendly paint for the blocks.. Don't hesitate to get…. - Female. - Joined September 28, 2011. Favorite materials. film, negative, wood, photographic paper. - Gaëlle Brunet. - Grenoble, Rhône-Alpes, France. -. - GaelleBrunetPhotography

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Photography

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Photography is the art and science of creating images using light and other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically or chemically on light-sensitive materials. It is a form of visual communication that allows us to capture and preserve moments in time.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's take a look at an example of how photography works. Imagine you are taking a picture of a beautiful landscape. You bring your camera up to your eye and frame the shot. When you press the shutter button, the camera opens the aperture and lets light enter the camera. The light then hits the image sensor, which converts the light into an electrical signal. This signal is then processed by the camera's processor and turned into a digital image. Finally, the image is stored on the camera's memory card.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

Now let's take a look at some real-world scenarios where photography is used. One example is journalism, where photographers capture news events and photograph people, places, and things of public interest. Another example is advertising, where photographers create images to sell products or services. Photography is also used in scientific research, where it helps researchers document their findings and share them with others.

## Glossary

- Photography: The art and science of creating images using light and other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically or chemically on light-sensitive materials.
- Aperture: The opening in a camera that controls the amount of light that enters the camera.
- Image sensor: The component of a digital camera that converts light into an electrical signal.
- Processor: The component of a digital camera that processes the electrical signal generated by the image sensor and turns it into a digital image.
- Memory card: The component of a digital camera that stores the digital images captured by the camera.

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the basics of photography, including the theoretical concepts, practical examples, and real-world scenarios. We also defined key terms in our glossary. By understanding these concepts, we can apply our skills to new problems and continue to explore the world around us through the lens of a camera.


text:
Memory systems.
The idea that there are multiple memory systems can be traced to early philosophical considerations and introspection. However, the early experimental work considered memory a unitary phenomenon and focused on finding the mechanism upon which memory is based. A full reconciliation of debates about that mechanism, and a coincidental rediscovery of the idea of multiple memory systems, emerged from studies in the cognitive neuroscience of memory. This research has identified three major forms of memory that have distinct operating principles and are supported by different brain systems. These include: (1) a cortical-hippocampal circuit that mediates declarative memory, our capacity to recollect facts and events; (2) procedural memory subsystems involving a cortical-striatal circuit that mediates habit formation and a brainstem-cerebellar circuit that mediates sensorimotor adaptations; and (3) a circuit involving subcortical and cortical pathways through the amygdala that mediates the attachment of affective status and emotional responses to previously neutral stimuli. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.

textbook:
Lesson: Memory Systems
Introduction:
Memory is an essential part of our lives. It allows us to store information about our experiences and use it to make decisions, solve problems, and learn new things. However, memory is not a single system but rather a collection of interconnected systems that work together to help us remember different types of information. In this lesson, we will explore the three main memory systems and how they work together to help us remember.
Declarative Memory System:
Declarative memory is the ability to remember facts and events. This type of memory is often associated with the hippocampus, a region in the brain that is responsible for forming new memories. Declarative memory can be further divided into two types: episodic memory, which involves remembering specific events or episodes, and semantic memory, which involves remembering general knowledge and facts.
Procedural Memory System:
Procedural memory is the ability to remember how to do things without consciously thinking about them. This type of memory is often associated with the striatum, a region in the brain that is responsible for controlling our movements. Procedural memory can be further divided into two types: habit formation and sensorimotor adaptation. Habit formation involves learning to perform a task automatically without thinking about it, while sensorimotor adaptation involves learning to adjust our movements based on changes in our environment.
Emotional Memory System:
Emotional memory is the ability to remember emotional events and experiences. This type of memory is often associated with the amygdala, a region in the brain that is responsible for processing emotions. Emotional memory can be further divided into two types: implicit memory, which involves remembering emotional experiences without conscious awareness, and explicit memory, which involves consciously remembering emotional experiences.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, memory is a complex system that involves multiple interconnected systems that work together to help us remember different types of information. By understanding these systems, we can better understand how memory works and how to improve our memory skills.


text:
The invention relates to a floor covering composed of interlocked panel elements.
According to WO 2008/017301 A2, floor coverings made of a plurality of interconnected panel elements, which have interlocking rails at their head sides and the longitudinal sides engaging in the installed position with adjacent panel elements of a floor covering are known in the art. Grooves are provided in the head sides, wherein the grooves of two abutting head sides correspond with each other and form a locking channel for receiving a head spring. The head spring is preinstalled in the groove and protrudes over an end of the groove facing the longitudinal side of the panel element. At the same time, the head spring is in the preinstalled state completely housed inside the groove and can be moved at least partially from one groove into the corresponding groove of the adjacent panel element by displacing the protruding end of the head spring into the groove. The floor covering composed of panel elements advantageously obviates the need for subsequent driving in or inserting the head springs into the locking channel. The insertion operation is performed in the factory.
While insertion of the head springs in the factory with a machine does not pose a problem, it must be ensured when installing the floor covering that the head springs are, on one hand, easily displaceable and, on the other hand, do not allow movement of the abutting head sides in the vertical direction, which would lead to an undesirable height offset on the side that is visible, in particular when a load is applied to the panel elements near the head sides. The head springs should therefore, on one hand, be very firmly seated and, on the other hand, be easily movable.
It is an object of the invention to provide a floor covering made of panel elements having head-side displacement springs, which can be easily displaced and minimize, under load applied to the floor covering, a height offset in the region of the head sides, thereby improving the application of the floor covering.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Create a Floor Covering from Interlocking Panel Elements

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the process of creating a floor covering from interlocking panel elements. We will explore the design and construction of such a floor covering, as well as the materials and tools required. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to create your own unique floor covering using interlocking panel elements.

Section 1: Design and Construction

The first step in creating a floor covering from interlocking panel elements is to design the layout of the floor covering. This involves determining the size and shape of the room or space where the floor covering will be installed, as well as the number and arrangement of the panel elements. Once the design has been finalized, the next step is to construct the panel elements.

Materials Required:
- Wood or other suitable material for the panel elements
- Saw or cutting tool to cut the wood or material
- Sandpaper or sanding block to smooth the edges
- Paint or stain for finishing the panel elements
- Adhesive or glue to attach the panel elements together

Tools Required:
- Saw or cutting tool
- Sandpaper or sanding block
- Paintbrush or spray gun
- Adhesive gun or spreader

Instructions:
1. Cut the wood or material into the desired shape and size using a saw or cutting tool.
2. Smooth the edges of the panel elements using sandpaper or a sanding block.
3. Finish the panel elements by painting or staining them with your chosen color or finish.
4. Attach the panel elements together using adhesive or glue, ensuring that they interlock correctly.
5. Install the floor covering by aligning the panel elements and pressing them together until they click into place.

Section 2: Materials and Tools

In addition to the materials and tools required for designing and constructing the panel elements, there are other materials and tools that may be necessary for creating a floor covering from interlocking panel elements. These include:

Materials Required:
- Head springs
- Locking channels
- Grooves

Tools Required:
- Hammer or mallet
- Chisel or punch
- File or sandpaper

Instructions:
1. Cut the grooves into the head sides of the panel elements using a chisel or punch.
2. Preinstall the head springs into the grooves by inserting them into the grooves and bending them slightly to hold them in place.
3. Create the locking channels by file or sandpaper to ensure that the head springs fit snugly into the grooves.
4. Install the floor covering by aligning the panel elements and pressing them together until they click into place.

Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

One real-world scenario where interlocking panel elements could be used is in creating a temporary floor covering for a trade show or event. In this case, the panel elements would need to be lightweight and easy to assemble, as well as easily disassembled and stored when the event is over. Additionally, the panel elements would need to be durable enough to withstand the weight of exhibitors and attendees walking on them.

Another scenario where interlocking panel elements could be useful is in creating a permanent floor covering for a residential or commercial space. In this case, the panel elements would need to be made from a durable material that is resistant to wear and tear, as well as easy to clean. Additionally, the panel elements would need to be designed in a way that is visually appealing and complementary to the surrounding decor.

Conclusion:
By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can create a beautiful and functional floor covering from interlocking panel elements. Whether you are creating a temporary floor covering for a trade show or a permanent floor covering for your home or office, the process is simple and straightforward. With a little creativity and attention to detail, you can create a unique and stylish floor covering that is sure to impress.


text:
Armenia to Have a “Green Zone” on the Georgia-Russia Border

2020-03-30

By Ani Paitjan

Georgia and Russia will provide a “green zone” for Armenian cargo at the Upper Lars checkpoint on the Russian-Georgian border.

Armenia’s Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan held a late-evening meeting with Armenian importers and exporters to announce that agreements had been reached with Russian and Georgian partners to ease the movement of cargo to Armenia.

Earlier on the weekend, Pashinyan had phone conversations with his Georgian and Russian counterparts Giorgi Gakharia and Mikhail Mishustin.

“I can say that we have been working with our Georgian and Russian partners in recent days and yesterday we came to an agreement that both Georgia and Russia will provide a “green zone” for Armenia-bound EAEU freight, which means that a special corridor will be available through the territory of Georgia and the Upper Lars checkpoint. In the meantime, we will have to work hard in order to give effect to the aforementioned agreements,” stated Pashinyan.

Armenia closed all its borders due to the coronavirus outbreak. Because of this geographic lockdown, people fear that there will be shortages of basic goods and food.

In response to these concerns, Pashinyan stressed that Armenia has sufficient stocks of supplies available in the country.

“We also need to understand how we can coordinate export and import issues during this period so that the agreements we have had with the political leadership of Russia and Georgia can be implemented properly,” he added.

More than seventy percent of Armenia’s trade travels via the territory of Georgia, while the rest goes via Iran. Armenia’s two other borders with Turkey and Azerbaijan remain closed since the beginning of the 1990s.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of International Cooperation in Times of Crisis

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of international cooperation during times of crisis. We will focus on the example of Armenia, which has closed its borders due to the coronavirus outbreak. This has led to fears of shortages of basic goods. However, Armenia has managed to secure a "green zone" on the Georgia-Russia border, thanks to cooperation between Georgia and Russia.

Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Topic 1: International Cooperation
- Definition: Working together with other countries to achieve common goals
- Example: Armenia, Georgia, and Russia cooperating to ensure the flow of goods to Armenia during the coronavirus outbreak

Topic 2: Importance of Cooperation in Times of Crisis
- Explanation: When countries work together, they can better respond to crises and find solutions that benefit everyone involved
- Example: The European Union's response to the refugee crisis in 2015, where member states cooperated to provide shelter, food, and medical care to those in need

Section 2: Practical Examples

Topic 3: Armenia's Situation
- Explanation: Due to the coronavirus outbreak, Armenia has closed its borders, leading to fears of shortages of basic goods
- Example: Armenia has secured a "green zone" on the Georgia-Russia border, allowing for the flow of goods from Russia to Armenia

Topic 4: Role of Georgia and Russia
- Explanation: Georgia and Russia have played a crucial role in ensuring the flow of goods to Armenia by providing a "green zone"
- Example: Georgia has allowed Armenian trucks to pass through its territory without any customs checks or fees, while Russia has provided necessary support to make this initiative successful

Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

Topic 5: Critical Thinking
- Question: Why is international cooperation important in times of crisis?
- Answer: International cooperation is important in times of crisis because it allows countries to pool their resources, share knowledge, and find solutions that benefit everyone involved. By working together, countries can better respond to crises and find ways to mitigate their impact.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, we have learned about the importance of international cooperation during times of crisis. Armenia's situation highlights the need for cooperation between countries when faced with challenges. Georgia and Russia's cooperation with Armenia demonstrates how working together can lead to positive outcomes. We hope that this lesson has inspired you to think critically about the importance of cooperation in times of crisis and how it can benefit everyone involved.

Glossary:
- Green zone: A designated area where specific safety measures are in place to prevent the spread of a disease or contamination.
- Coronavirus: A group of viruses that cause respiratory infections in humans and animals. The most recent outbreak, COVID-19, was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.


text:
LEACH on SOCIETY PODCAST Friday August 22nd

He’s been interviewed by some of the biggest names in the Canberra press gallery but can Wayne Swan handle the likes of Dylan?
The former federal treasurer/deputy prime minister joins Dylan to speak about his new book The Good Fight.

Also in this edition of Leach on Society Dylan is joined by the bloke who’s not Steve Curry in the Toyota footy ads Dave Lawson. He’s part of the cast of the new Working Dog show on the ABC Utopia. We speak about that and the Toyota ads as well.

And our Society High Flyer is former Synner/comedian Paul Culliver. He recently did a stint working at Absolute Radio in London. You know an Australian working in London? He’s the guy! He also has an ambitious podcast project and a show at the Melbourne Fringe Festival coming up. We talk about that. You just listen in.

This week’s Leach on Society podcast is great. Just listen to it. If you don’t like it then you have serious problems.

textbook:
## Lesson: Understanding Podcasts

**Introduction:** Podcasts are a popular form of audio media that allow people to learn, be entertained, and stay informed on various topics. In this lesson, we will explore what podcasts are, how they work, and how to create your own podcast.

**Section 1: What is a Podcast?**
A podcast is an episodic series of digital audio or video files that a user can download and listen to, typically recorded in a conversational format by a single host or a group of hosts. Podcasts cover a wide range of topics such as news, politics, sports, education, comedy, and more.

**Section 2: How do Podcasts Work?**
Podcasts work by using RSS feeds (Really Simple Syndication) to distribute episodes to subscribers. When a new episode is released, the RSS feed automatically updates, and subscribers receive notification to download or stream the new episode.

**Section 3: Creating Your Own Podcast**
To create your own podcast, you will need the following equipment:
- A microphone
- A computer or mobile device to record and edit the audio
- Audio editing software

Here are the steps to creating your own podcast:
1. Choose a topic for your podcast
2. Research and plan your episodes
3. Record your episodes using a microphone and audio editing software
4. Edit your episodes to improve sound quality and remove any mistakes
5. Publish your episodes on a podcast hosting platform
6. Promote your podcast on social media and other platforms

**Section 4: Examples of Podcasts**
There are many popular podcasts available on various topics. Here are two examples:
- **Serial:** This podcast explores a single story over multiple episodes. Season one focused on the murder of Hae Min Lee and the trial of Adnan Syed.
- **StartUp:** This podcast tells the stories of businesses and entrepreneurs. It covers topics such as starting a lemonade stand, growing a podcasting company, and creating a new product.

**Conclusion:** Podcasts are a great way to learn and be entertained while on the go. By creating your own podcast, you can share your knowledge and passions with others. Use the information from this lesson to explore the world of podcasts and start creating your own today.

**Glossary:**
- RSS Feed: A web feed that provides updates on a website or blog
- Subscriber: A person who regularly listens to a podcast
- Episodes: Individual segments of a podcast series
- Hosts: The people who present and produce a podcast
- Topics: Specific areas of interest covered by a podcast

**Self-Debate Discussion:** Should podcasts be used as a learning tool in schools? Why or why not?


text:
Norwich City have completed the signing of Lukas Rupp from Bundesliga side 1899 Hoffenheim for an undisclosed fee.

The German midfielder has put pen to paper on a contract that will run through to the summer of 2022.

Rupp, 29, joins the Canaries with a wealth of experience in German football.

After starting his career with Karlsruher SC he has since gone on to play top-flight football with the likes of Borussia Monchengladbach, SC Paderborn and VfB Stuttgart.

Speaking exclusively to canaries.co.uk, Rupp said: “I was in the training camp in Marbella with Hoffenheim and then two days later, I’m here so it’s been very quick. But I’m very happy to be here.

“It’s a childhood dream. I was in the Bundesliga for ten years now and it’s a new chapter for me. I wanted to be part of the team here and help the team stay in the Premier League.

“I know Mario Vrancic, I played with him at Paderborn, and from the national team I know Marco Stiepermann.

“It’s the first time that I’ve been out of Germany to play football. But I know this stadium [Carrow Road] already because with Monchengladbach, I had a friendly game against Norwich about seven years ago.

“I’m looking forward to training with the guys. Saturday [against AFC Bournemouth] is an important game and I can’t wait to get started.”

Head Coach Daniel Farke said: “Lukas is a great guy who has a lot of experience. He’s played for some very big clubs in Germany and has a lot of game time in the Bundesliga.

“He’s a versatile player who can play in a number of positions in the midfield and has also played at full-back.

“He’ll be a valuable option for us going forward and is a very good character. He’s an important signing for us and we’re happy that a player of his experience has committed to us.”

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Soccer Transfers

Overview: In this lesson, we will learn about soccer transfers and how they work. We will cover the basics of soccer contracts, the transfer window, and the different types of transfers. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the ins and outs of soccer transfers and apply this knowledge to other sports and industries.

Level: Primary through High School

Section 1: Soccer Contracts

Topic: Introduction to Soccer Contracts

Objective: Understand the basic structure and terms of a soccer contract.

**Question 1: What is a soccer contract?**
A soccer contract is a legal agreement between a player and a club that outlines the terms and conditions of their employment. It includes details such as the duration of the contract, salary, and performance bonuses.

**Question 2: How long does a soccer contract last?**
Soccer contracts can last anywhere from one year to five years or more. The length of the contract depends on the agreement between the player and the club.

**Question 3: What are some common terms in a soccer contract?**
Some common terms in a soccer contract include:
- Salary: The amount of money the player earns per week or per season.
- Transfer fee: The amount of money a club must pay to sign a player from another team.
- Performance bonuses: Additional payments a player may receive if they meet certain performance criteria, such as making the all-star team or winning a championship.

Section 2: Transfer Window

Topic: Introduction to Transfer Window

Objective: Understand the concept of a transfer window and how it works.

**Question 1: What is a transfer window?**
A transfer window is a period of time during the soccer season when clubs can sign new players. It usually lasts for several weeks and occurs twice a year - once in the summer and once in the winter.

**Question 2: Why do clubs have a transfer window?**
The transfer window exists to maintain fairness in the sport. It prevents clubs from signing players at any time during the season, which could give them an unfair advantage over other teams.

**Question 3: Can players transfer during the season?**
Yes, players can transfer during the season, but only during the January transfer window. This is because the season is already underway, and it would not be fair to allow transfers at any time.

Section 3: Types of Transfers

Topic: Types of Soccer Transfers

Objective: Understand the different types of soccer transfers and how they work.

**Question 1: What are the different types of soccer transfers?**
There are three main types of soccer transfers: permanent transfers, loan transfers, and free transfers.

- Permanent transfers: A player signs a contract with a new club, and the club pays a transfer fee to their previous club.
- Loan transfers: A player is loaned to another club for a specific period of time, usually one season. The loaning club does not pay a transfer fee, but they must pay the player's wages during the loan period.
- Free transfers: A player becomes a free agent and can sign with any club without a transfer fee.

**Question 2: Why do clubs use different types of transfers?**
Clubs use different types of transfers for various reasons. For example, they may use loan transfers to evaluate a player before deciding to sign them permanently. They may also use free transfers to sign experienced players without paying a transfer fee.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about soccer contracts, the transfer window, and the different types of soccer transfers. We covered the basics of these concepts and applied them to real-world scenarios. By understanding how soccer transfers work, we can apply this knowledge to other sports and industries.

Glossary:
- Soccer: A sport played with a ball between two teams of eleven players each.
- Contract: A legal agreement between two parties that outlines the terms and conditions of their employment.
- Transfer fee: The amount of money a club must pay to sign a player from another team.
- Performance bonuses: Additional payments a player may receive if they meet certain performance criteria.
- Transfer window: A period of time during the soccer season when clubs can sign new players.
- Permanent transfer: A transfer where a player signs a contract with a new club and the club pays a transfer fee to their previous club.
- Loan transfer: A transfer where a player is loaned to another club for a specific period of time.
- Free transfer: A transfer where a player becomes a free agent and can sign with any club without a transfer fee.


text: Why meaning*lessness* in art is the nexus of so much debate and how some extremely if not totally absurd works are extremely good. Tag Archives: author. A Local Look @ Home Grown Blogs. Taylor dissects this year’s winners of the Best Australian Blogs Competition.. Lost Art of Storytelling. Once upon a time we sat round a campfire and listened to stories and myths of wonder, today it may be the bedtime stories we tell our children. From Aesop to Rowling the art of story telling has long held our interest, and once again it is reviving in the underground movement of Sydney.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Meaning in Art

Introduction:
Art is a form of expression that allows people to communicate their thoughts, emotions, and ideas through various mediums such as painting, sculpture, music, literature, and film. However, not all art is created equal, and some pieces are considered more valuable than others due to their ability to convey meaning effectively. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of meaning in art and how it can impact the way we perceive and appreciate it.

Section 1: The Role of Meaning in Art
Topic 1: The Power of Meaningful Art
Meaningful art has the power to evoke emotions, start conversations, and inspire change. It can make us feel connected to something greater than ourselves and provide a sense of purpose. When art is meaningful, it resonates with our experiences and beliefs, creating a deeper connection between the viewer and the artwork.

Topic 2: The Absence of Meaning in Art
On the other hand, art that lacks meaning can be seen as empty or superficial. If an artist does not convey any message or emotion through their work, it can be difficult for viewers to connect with the piece on a deeper level. This does not mean that all non-representational or abstract art is without meaning, but rather that the meaning may be more subjective and open to interpretation.

Section 2: The Debate Surrounding Meaningless Art
Topic 1: Why Some People Believe in Meaningless Art
Some people argue that art should be free from any external influences or meanings imposed by society. They believe that art should exist purely for its own sake, without any preconceived notions or agendas. These individuals may see the pursuit of meaning in art as limiting or restrictive.

Topic 2: Why Some People Seek Meaning in Art
Conversely, others believe that art should always have a deeper meaning or message. They may see art as a tool for social commentary, political activism, or personal expression. These individuals may view meaningless art as lacking substance or purpose.

Section 3: Examples of Meaningful and Meaningless Art
Topic 1: Examples of Meaningful Art
Meaningful art can take many forms, including social commentary, political statements, personal narratives, and cultural explorations. Some examples of meaningful art include:
- "Guernica" by Pablo Picasso - a powerful anti-war statement that depicts the horrors of war and the suffering of innocent people.
- "The Starry Night" by Vincent van Gogh - a beautiful representation of nature and the human experience that has inspired countless people over time.
- "Beloved" by Toni Morrison - a novel that explores the lasting impact of slavery on American society and the lives of African Americans.

Topic 2: Examples of Meaningless Art
Meaningless art is more subjective and open to interpretation. Some examples of meaningless art include:
- Abstract expressionist paintings - these works may not have a clear meaning or message, but they can still be appreciated for their beauty and complexity.
- Minimalist sculptures - these pieces often lack any obvious meaning, but they can still evoke emotions and thoughts in viewers.
- Avant-garde films - these movies may challenge traditional storytelling conventions and leave viewers puzzled or confused, but they can still be appreciated for their innovation and creativity.

Glossary:
- Art: The creation of objects, images, or experiences intended to stimulate the senses or emotions and evoke aesthetic appreciation.
- Meaning: The message or idea conveyed by a work of art, which can be conveyed through themes, symbols, or narratives.
- Abstract: A style of art that does not attempt to represent external, recognizable reality but instead uses shapes, colors, and forms to achieve its effect.
- Representational: A style of art that seeks to depict recognizable objects, people, or places in a realistic manner.

Conclusion:
The importance of meaning in art cannot be overstated. Whether art is meaningful or meaningless, it has the power to move us, inspire us, and make us think about the world around us. By understanding the role of meaning in art, we can appreciate the beauty and complexity of this form of expression. As we continue to explore the world of art, let us keep this lesson in mind and strive to find the meaning behind each piece we encounter.


text: Productivity, Quality and Safety in Community Health Services. 2nd June 2017. A network day for Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technicians working in Community Health Services will take place on 22 June at NCVO in London (near King’s Cross).. Ann Jacklin will begin the day by updating us on the work she is leading for NHS Improvement on the next phase of Carter and how it will impact on Community Health services. A workshop will allow organisations to feedback on the productivity and efficiency agenda.. Allison Newman from the CQC will then update us on the changes to the CQC inspection process and provide us with examples of what good Medicines Optimisation looks like in a CHS organisation.. Many of us have heard about the “Primary Care Home” model of multispecialty community provider, but are unsure what this means in practice. One of the rapid test sites will share their experiences with us.. To find out more and register for the day click here. Tracy Rogers. Associate Director, Medicines Use and Safety Team

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Productivity, Quality, and Safety in Community Health Services

## Section 1: Introduction to Community Health Services
Community health services refer to the provision of health care services to individuals in their homes or communities, rather than in hospitals or clinics. These services aim to improve the overall health of individuals and communities by providing preventive, promotional, and curative care.

## Section 2: Productivity, Quality, and Safety in Community Health Services
Productivity refers to the efficiency and effectiveness of health care services in delivering quality care to patients. Quality refers to the extent to which health care services meet the needs and expectations of patients, while safety refers to the prevention of injuries and adverse events that may occur during the delivery of health care services.

In community health services, productivity, quality, and safety are essential components of effective care delivery. Efficient use of resources, such as time, money, and personnel, can lead to better health outcomes for patients. Additionally, providing high-quality care that meets the needs and expectations of patients can help build trust and loyalty, while ensuring patient safety is paramount in preventing harm to patients and healthcare providers.

## Section 3: Workshop on Productivity and Efficiency Agenda
During the workshop, participants will discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with improving productivity and efficiency in community health services. They will share best practices and strategies for improving productivity and efficiency, while maintaining or improving the quality of care provided to patients.

## Section 4: Feedback from the CQC on Changes to Inspection Process
The CQC is responsible for regulating health and social care services in England. They ensure that services provide safe, effective, compassionate, and high-quality care. In this session, participants will learn about the changes to the CQC inspection process and what good medicines optimization looks like in a community health services organization.

## Section 5: Primary Care Home Model
The primary care home model is a new way of organizing health care services that focuses on providing comprehensive, coordinated care to patients in their communities. This model brings together multiple health care providers, such as general practitioners, nurses, and therapists, to work together to provide seamless care to patients. In this session, participants will learn about the primary care home model and how it can be implemented in community health services organizations.

## Glossary
- Community health services: Health care services provided to individuals in their homes or communities, rather than in hospitals or clinics.
- Productivity: The efficiency and effectiveness of health care services in delivering quality care to patients.
- Quality: The extent to which health care services meet the needs and expectations of patients.
- Safety: The prevention of injuries and adverse events that may occur during the delivery of health care services.
- CQC: The Care Quality Commission, the regulatory body responsible for regulating health and social care services in England.
- Primary Care Home: A model of care that brings together multiple health care providers to provide comprehensive, coordinated care to patients in their communities.

## Conclusion
Understanding the productivity, quality, and safety in community health services is essential for providing effective and safe care to patients. By participating in this workshop, participants will gain valuable insights into these important aspects of community health services and learn about best practices and strategies for improving productivity and efficiency, while maintaining or improving the quality of care provided to patients.


text: We sell and distribute our bulk and consumer pack products to customers in more than 100 countries globally through a well-established global sales and distribution network. We have a wide range of consumer pack products marketed under our house brands, such as “OKI”, “MONA”, “MOI”, “KRISPI”, “Deli”, “Turkey”, “Cabbage”, “Mewah”, and “Fry-Ola”. We distribute our products through our own distribution network of sales and marketing offices in Australia, China, India, Singapore, Thailand, Benin,. Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Uganda, Russia, Turkey, North America and South America.. Our multi-cultural marketing team allows us to gain insights into the respective local markets. Aside from the high and consistent quality of our brands, we are also able to develop products to meet the specific needs of customers in their home market and assist them in designing, packaging, branding of products under their own brands.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Global Distribution Networks

Introduction:
In today's global economy, understanding the intricacies of global distribution networks is essential for businesses looking to expand their reach and increase their profits. In this lesson, we will explore the ins and outs of global distribution networks, including how they work, the benefits of having one, and the challenges that come with it.

Section 1: What is a Global Distribution Network?

A global distribution network refers to a company's ability to sell and distribute their products or services to customers in multiple countries around the world. This can be achieved through a variety of methods, including establishing partnerships with other companies, setting up distribution centers in different regions, or using a combination of both.

Section 2: Benefits of Having a Global Distribution Network

There are several benefits to having a global distribution network, including:

1. Increased Revenue: By selling and distributing products to customers in multiple countries, businesses can increase their revenue and profits.

2. Brand Recognition: A global distribution network can help businesses build brand recognition and awareness on a global scale, which can lead to increased sales and customer loyalty.

3. Access to New Markets: By expanding into new markets, businesses can tap into new customer bases and increase their overall market share.

4. Competitive Advantage: Having a global distribution network can give businesses a competitive advantage over their rivals, allowing them to attract new customers and retain existing ones.

Section 3: Challenges of Having a Global Distribution Network

While there are many benefits to having a global distribution network, there are also several challenges that businesses must overcome, including:

1. Language Barriers: Communicating with customers in different countries and languages can be challenging, and businesses must ensure that their marketing materials and customer service are tailored to each market.

2. Cultural Differences: Different cultures may have different attitudes towards products or services, and businesses must be aware of these differences when marketing their products.

3. Logistics: Managing the logistics of shipping products to different countries can be complex, and businesses must ensure that they have efficient supply chains in place to meet customer demand.

4. Regulatory Compliance: Businesses must ensure that they are in compliance with all relevant laws and regulations in each country where they operate.

Section 4: Practical Examples

Let's look at an example of a company that has successfully established a global distribution network. Nike, the famous sportswear company, has distribution centers in multiple countries, including the United States, China, and the Netherlands. This allows them to efficiently distribute their products to customers around the world.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, understanding global distribution networks is essential for businesses looking to expand their reach and increase their profits. By establishing partnerships, setting up distribution centers, and effectively managing logistics, businesses can tap into new markets and increase their revenue. However, businesses must also be aware of the challenges that come with having a global distribution network, including language barriers, cultural differences, regulatory compliance, and logistics. By addressing these challenges and effectively managing their global distribution network, businesses can achieve long-term success.

Glossary:
- Global Distribution Network: A company's ability to sell and distribute their products or services to customers in multiple countries around the world.
- Partnerships: Agreements between two or more parties to work together to achieve a common goal.
- Distribution Centers: Facilities used by companies to store and ship their products to customers.
- Supply Chain: The entire system of producing, delivering, and supporting a product or service from raw materials to the end consumer.
- Regulatory Compliance: Adherence to laws, guidelines, and standards set by government or industry bodies.


text: TRAIL DATA. Trail Name/No.: Hoosier Pass. Starting Temp: NR. Ending Temp: NR. Weather Conditions: Sunny. Mileage: approx. 2.5 mile loop. Elevation Gain: NR. Peak: 11542ft. Visit Time: September 2014. Nearest City Marker: Alma, CO. TRAIL DESCRIPTION. If you are traveling your way from Breckenridge to Fairplay or vice versa, you will find yourself summiting Hoosier Pass. Though the views are mostly blocked if you stop off at the monument and parking lot only, there is a 4wd trail that many trek onto during the late fall and winter months that take you up and out of the trees and closer to the western peak of the pass. Following along the trail, views open up wide for a three-hundred and sixty degree view of the Mosquito Range, without the hard work of a heavy climb. The trail “seems” to make a loop, but if you are like me, you will find a dead end eventually and scramble through a rock field to find your way back.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand Trail Data

**Introduction:**
In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand trail data. Trail data is important because it provides us with information about a trail, such as its length, elevation gain, weather conditions, and nearest city marker. This information can help us plan our hikes and ensure that we are prepared for the conditions we may encounter.

**Section 1: Reading Trail Data**

The first step in understanding trail data is learning how to read it. Here are some common elements of trail data and what they mean:

- **Trail Name/No.**: This is the name or number of the trail. It helps us identify which trail we are talking about.
- **Starting Temp**: This is the temperature at the beginning of the trail. It can help us prepare for the weather conditions we may encounter.
- **Ending Temp**: This is the temperature at the end of the trail. It can help us determine if we need to bring warm or cool clothing.
- **Weather Conditions**: This is the current weather at the trail. It can help us decide whether to bring rain gear or sunscreen.
- **Mileage**: This is the distance of the trail. It can help us estimate how long it will take to complete the trail.
- **Elevation Gain**: This is the amount of elevation we will gain during the hike. It can help us determine the difficulty level of the hike and if we need to train for it.
- **Peak**: This is the highest point on the trail. It can help us plan our route and determine if we need to bring additional gear.
- **Nearest City**: This is the nearest city to the trail. It can help us plan transportation and lodging.

**Section 2: Understanding Trail Data**

Once we can read trail data, we need to understand what each element means and how it can help us plan our hike. Here are some common elements of trail data and how they can help us:

- **Trail Name/No.**: This helps us identify which trail we are talking about. It can also give us an idea of the trail's popularity and difficulty level.
- **Starting Temp**: This can help us prepare for the weather conditions we may encounter. If it is cold at the beginning of the trail, we may need to bring warmer clothing.
- **Ending Temp**: This can help us determine if we need to bring warm or cool clothing. If it is hot at the end of the trail, we may need to bring plenty of water.
- **Weather Conditions**: This can help us decide whether to bring rain gear or sunscreen. If it is raining, we may need to bring a raincoat. If it is sunny, we may need to bring sunscreen.
- **Mileage**: This can help us estimate how long it will take to complete the trail. If it is a long trail, we may need to bring plenty of food and water.
- **Elevation Gain**: This can help us determine the difficulty level of the hike. If it is a steep trail, we may need to train for it.
- **Peak**: This can help us plan our route and determine if we need to bring additional gear. If the peak is high, we may need to bring oxygen.
- **Nearest City**: This can help us plan transportation and lodging. If the nearest city is far away, we may need to plan our transportation accordingly.

**Section 3: Applying Trail Data**

Now that we can read and understand trail data, we can apply it to our hikes. Here are some ways we can use trail data to plan our hikes:

- **Check the weather forecast**: We can check the weather forecast for the trail and plan accordingly. If it is going to rain, we may need to bring rain gear. If it is going to be hot, we may need to bring plenty of water.
- **Pack the right gear**: We can pack the right gear based on the trail data. If the trail has a high elevation gain, we may need to bring hiking poles. If the trail is long, we may need to bring plenty of food and water.
- **Plan our route**: We can plan our route based on the trail data. If the trail has a high peak, we may need to plan our route accordingly. If the trail has a difficult elevation gain, we may need to plan our route to avoid injury.
- **Choose the right time to hike**: We can choose the right time to hike based on the trail data. If the trail is popular, we may need to avoid hiking during peak hours. If the trail is difficult, we may need to hike during cooler hours of the day.

**Conclusion:**
In conclusion, reading and understanding trail data is important for planning our hikes. By learning how to read and understand trail data, we can plan our hikes accordingly and ensure that we are prepared for the conditions we may encounter.