text:
Welcome to the homepage of the Zeugma project. Zeugma is a PHP script designed to be a complete photo gallery solution. Zeugma has recently become open source to allow other developers access to the source.

Zeugma is constantly growing but below is a list of features both current and pending.

Automatic Thumbnail Generation

Skinning

Comments

Categories

Easy Administration

Featured Image

Passworded Areas

Image Framing

Why not head over to the download section and give it a try? Or find out a little more about the makers of Zeugma.

This page has been designed to work on even the smallest browsers and was actually developed on a Dell Axim Palmtop.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to PHP Scripting

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

### Topic 1: What is PHP?
PHP is a server-side scripting language that is used to create dynamic web pages. It is a powerful tool that allows developers to add interactivity to websites and create custom functions.

### Topic 2: What is scripting?
Scripting is the process of writing code that tells a computer what to do. In the context of web development, scripting refers to creating scripts that can be executed on a server to generate dynamic content for a website.

### Topic 3: What is a scripting language?
A scripting language is a programming language that is designed to be easily interpreted by a computer. Scripting languages are typically used to create dynamic web pages that can change based on user input or other variables.

### Topic 4: Why use PHP?
PHP is a popular scripting language because it is easy to learn, easy to use, and can be integrated into HTML pages. It is also free and open-source, which means that anyone can use it without having to pay for a license. Additionally, PHP is supported by many web hosting providers, making it a convenient choice for building websites.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

### Topic 5: Creating a simple PHP script
```
<?php
echo "Hello, World!";
?>
```

This is a simple PHP script that will display the text "Hello, World!" when executed on a server.

### Topic 6: Using variables in PHP
```
<?php
$name = "John";
echo "My name is $name.";
?>
```

This PHP script sets a variable called `$name` to the value "John" and then uses it in an `echo` statement to display the text "My name is John."

### Topic 7: Looping in PHP
```
<?php
$numbers = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
foreach ($numbers as $number) {
  echo $number . "<br>";
}
?>
```

This PHP script creates an array of numbers and then uses a `foreach` loop to iterate over each number and display it on the page.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

### Topic 8: Why is PHP a popular choice for web development?
PHP is a popular choice for web development because it is easy to learn, easy to use, and can be integrated into HTML pages. Additionally, PHP is free and open-source, which makes it accessible to everyone. Finally, PHP is supported by many web hosting providers, making it a convenient choice for building websites.

### Topic 9: What are some advantages of using PHP for web development?
Some advantages of using PHP for web development include its ease of use, flexibility, and compatibility with many web hosting platforms. Additionally, PHP is free and open-source, which makes it accessible to everyone. Finally, PHP allows developers to create dynamic web pages that can change based on user input or other variables.

### Topic 10: What are some disadvantages of using PHP for web development?
Some disadvantages of using PHP for web development include its susceptibility to security vulnerabilities and its performance limitations when handling large amounts of data. Additionally, PHP code can be difficult to maintain and update, especially as websites grow more complex. Finally, PHP is not always compatible with all web browsers or devices.

Glossary:
- PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor, a server-side scripting language
- Scripting: the process of writing code that tells a computer what to do
- Scripting language: a programming language that is designed to be easily interpreted by a computer
- Web hosting provider: a company that provides the necessary infrastructure and services needed to host a website on the internet
- Variable: a named storage location that can hold a value
- Looping: the process of repeating a set of instructions multiple times
- Array: a data structure that stores a set of elements of the same type
- Foreach loop: a type of loop that iterates over each element of an array

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about PHP, a popular scripting language used for web development. We covered theoretical concepts such as what is PHP, what is scripting, and what is a scripting language. We also explored practical examples of creating simple PHP scripts, using variables in PHP, and looping in PHP. Finally, we engaged in self-debating discussions about the advantages and disadvantages of using PHP for web development. By understanding these concepts, students can apply their knowledge to create dynamic web pages and develop their own PHP scripts.


text: Next Thursday Paramount will be releasing the first trailer for Hansel & Gretel Witch Hunters, which stars Jeremy Renner and Gemma Arterton as the fairy tale siblings who have evolved into vengeful bounty hunters dedicated to exterminating witches following a traumatic incident involving a gingerbread house.. In the meantime the studio has released the first official image from the movie, giving us a look at their costumes, and Gemma Arterton has taken part in a new interview where she says the film has a “Quentin Tarantino feel” to it.. From Entertainment Weekly:. How does this movie incorporate the original Brothers Grimm tale? Is that story kind of a prologue?. Yes, it continues it... Folk-tales... You can read the full interview here.. Tommy Wirkola (Dead Snow) is directing, and Anchorman director Adam McKay is producing. Paramount has scheduled the release date for March 2, 2012, and as well as Renner and Arterton the movie also stars Famke Janssen (Jean Grey from X-Men) as the leader of the witches.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Fairy Tales and Their Adaptations

Core Value: Understanding the evolution of fairy tales and their adaptations in popular culture.

Introduction:
Fairy tales are stories that have been passed down through generations, originating from various cultures and traditions. They often involve magical elements, such as witches, princesses, and enchanted objects. Over time, these stories have been adapted and reimagined for modern audiences, resulting in movies, television shows, and other forms of entertainment.

Section 1: The Evolution of Fairy Tales

Topic 1: Origins of Fairy Tales
Fairy tales have been around for centuries, with many of them originating from oral storytelling traditions. These stories were often used to teach moral lessons or convey cultural values. As written versions of these tales began to emerge, they were collected and published in books, such as the Brothers Grimm's "Grimm's Fairy Tales" and Charles Perrault's "Tales of Mother Goose."

Topic 2: Adaptations of Fairy Tales
Over time, fairy tales have been adapted and reimagined for modern audiences. This can include changes to the storyline, characters, or setting. For example, the classic fairy tale "Cinderella" has been adapted into a variety of movies and TV shows, including the Disney animated classic and the live-action version starring Hilary Duff.

Questions and Answers:
Q: Why do fairy tales change when they are adapted for modern audiences?
A: Adaptations of fairy tales allow for new interpretations and creative freedom. They also help to keep these classic stories relevant and engaging for contemporary viewers.

Q: How do fairy tales reflect cultural values and traditions?
A: Fairy tales often reflect the beliefs, customs, and values of the societies in which they originated. They can provide insights into the past and help us understand the cultural context of these stories.

Glossary:
- Fairy tale: A story that often involves magical elements and is passed down through generations.
- Adaptation: A reimagining or reinterpretation of a fairy tale for modern audiences.

Section 2: Hansel & Gretel Witch Hunters

Topic 1: The Movie's Premise
Hansel & Gretel Witch Hunters is a movie that reimagines the classic fairy tale of Hansel and Gretel as vengeful bounty hunters dedicated to exterminating witches. The story follows the siblings as they track down and defeat a coven of witches, led by Famke Janssen's character.

Topic 2: The Movie's Adaptation
The movie adaptation of Hansel & Gretel Witch Hunters is a departure from the original fairy tale, with a more action-oriented approach. The costumes and setting are also updated for a modern audience, while still maintaining elements of the original story.

Questions and Answers:
Q: How does Hansel & Gretel Witch Hunters differ from the original fairy tale?
A: The movie adaptation features a more action-oriented approach, with Hansel and Gretel as vengeful bounty hunters. It also includes updated costumes and settings, as well as a more complex plot.

Q: What is the significance of the witches in Hansel & Gretel Witch Hunters?
A: The witches represent the main antagonists of the story, and serve as the primary obstacle for Hansel and Gretel as they seek to avenge their past.

Glossary:
- Premise: The basic idea or concept behind a story.
- Adaptation: A reimagining or reinterpretation of a fairy tale for modern audiences.

Section 3: Critical Thinking and Discussion

Topic 1: The Importance of Adaptations
Adaptations of fairy tales can help introduce these classic stories to new generations and keep them relevant. They can also provide new perspectives and interpretations of these stories, allowing for a deeper understanding of their themes and messages.

Topic 2: The Role of Magical Elements
Magical elements are a common feature of fairy tales, and can serve to enhance the story's atmosphere and create a sense of wonder. However, they can also be used to convey deeper themes and messages about power, temptation, and the nature of good and evil.

Questions and Answers:
Q: What are some benefits of adapting fairy tales for modern audiences?
A: Adaptations can help introduce these classic stories to new generations, while also providing new perspectives and interpretations. They can also help keep these stories relevant and engaging.

Q: How do magical elements contribute to the overall meaning of fairy tales?
A: Magical elements can enhance the story's atmosphere and create a sense of wonder, but they can also convey deeper themes and messages about power, temptation, and the nature of good and evil.

Glossary:
- Critical thinking: The process of actively and objectively analyzing information to draw conclusions and make informed decisions.
- Discussion: A dialogue between two or more people, in which they exchange ideas and opinions on a particular topic.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, fairy tales have evolved over time and have been adapted for modern audiences in a variety of ways. By examining these adaptations and their underlying themes, we can gain a deeper appreciation for these classic stories and their enduring appeal.


text:
Chemiluminescence detection of epstein-barr virus DNA with an oligonucleotide probe.
A sensitive and relatively fast chemiluminescence dot blot hybridization assay for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA was established. A specially designed oligonucleotide probe labeled directly by alkaline phosphatase (AP) and highly sensitive chemiluminescent substrate CDP-star for AP was used in the hybridization assay. About 4 pg purified EBV DNA target can be detected, improved about 10-fold in sensitivity compared with common colorimetric detection. Preliminary EBV clinical testing was carried out on samples of eight cases from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) (six cases) and nasopharyngeal lymphadenosis (two cases). The detection results in positive rate agreement with control PCR detection indicate that the assay is specific and sensitive for EBV. The whole detection procedure can be finished in 6 h. This method might be useful in EBV clinical diagnosis.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Chemiluminescence Detection

### Section 1: What is Chemiluminescence Detection?
Chemiluminescence detection is a technique used to detect the presence of a specific substance, such as a virus, by measuring the amount of light produced when a chemical reaction occurs. In this case, we will focus on the detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA using a chemiluminescence assay.

### Section 2: How does Chemiluminescence Detection work?
In a chemiluminescence assay, a special oligonucleotide probe labeled with alkaline phosphatase (AP) is used to bind to the target EBV DNA. Once the probe binds to the target DNA, an enzymatic reaction occurs, producing a light-emitting product called CDP-star. The amount of light produced is proportional to the amount of EBV DNA present in the sample.

### Section 3: Why is Chemiluminescence Detection important?
Chemiluminescence detection is important because it allows for the rapid and sensitive detection of viruses like EBV. This technique can be used in clinical settings to diagnose patients with conditions such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) or nasopharyngeal lymphadenosis.

### Section 4: Glossary
- Oligonucleotide probe: a short piece of synthetic DNA or RNA that has a specific sequence that can bind to a complementary strand of DNA or RNA.
- Alkaline phosphatase (AP): an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a substrate into an alkyl phosphate and a salt.
- Chemiluminescent substrate: a compound that produces light when it reacts with an enzyme.
- Hybridization assay: a technique used to detect the presence of a specific nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) by binding it to a complementary strand.

### Conclusion
Chemiluminescence detection is a powerful tool for detecting viruses like EBV. By understanding the principles behind this technique, we can apply this knowledge to other areas of biology and medicine.


text: Yup it's all the 'hippies' fault. I think you will find that proper hippies are living in Oregon and busily emitting hemp based particulates, and that very few drive diesels, because proper VW Beetles have petrol engines.. You can quite happily critique our environmental regulations, and spot unintended consequences - but many of those are down to well funded lobbyists in smart suits making sure that their pet corner of the economy gets protected. Iv'e worked in 'unregulated' cities where, free of annoying hippies, you can burn whatever you want. They aren't nice places.

textbook:
Lesson: The Environmental Impact of Emissions

Introduction:
Emissions are substances released into the environment as a result of human activities. These substances can harm the environment and human health. In this lesson, we will learn about the environmental impact of emissions and what can be done to reduce them.

Section 1: Emissions and their Environmental Impact

Topic 1: What are emissions?
Emissions are substances released into the environment as a result of human activities. These substances can come from factories, cars, and other sources.

Topic 2: What are the types of emissions?
There are different types of emissions, including air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution. These emissions can harm plants, animals, and humans.

Topic 3: How do emissions affect the environment?
Emissions can cause climate change, acid rain, and smog. These changes can harm the environment and make it harder for plants and animals to survive.

Section 2: Reducing Emissions

Topic 1: How can we reduce emissions?
There are several ways to reduce emissions, including using renewable energy sources like wind and solar power, reducing car use, and using public transportation.

Topic 2: What are some examples of renewable energy sources?
Some examples of renewable energy sources are wind, solar, hydro, and geothermal energy. These sources can help reduce emissions and provide clean energy.

Topic 3: What are some ways to reduce car use?
Some ways to reduce car use include walking, biking, and using public transportation. These methods can help reduce emissions and improve air quality.

Section 3: Conclusion

In conclusion, emissions can have a significant impact on the environment. However, there are ways to reduce emissions and protect the environment. By using renewable energy sources and reducing car use, we can make a positive impact on the environment.

Glossary:
- Emissions: Substances released into the environment as a result of human activities.
- Air pollution: Emissions that harm the air and make it hard to breathe.
- Water pollution: Emissions that harm the water and make it unsafe for plants and animals.
- Soil pollution: Emissions that harm the soil and make it harder for plants to grow.
- Renewable energy sources: Sources of energy that are replenished naturally and do not harm the environment.

Conclusion:
By learning about the environmental impact of emissions and ways to reduce them, we can make a positive impact on the environment. By using renewable energy sources and reducing car use, we can help protect the environment and ensure that it is safe for future generations.


text: For the last weeks I have been answering some questions in the forums. One of the questions was about using icons or images to change between sheets. Today we can do this by creating a new worksheet with the image/icon we wanted as shape and then put it into the dashboard and set up a variety of filters. I think would be much easier if the images would allow to be selected when creating dashboard actions.

textbook:
Lesson: Using Icons and Images in Excel Dashboards

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to use icons and images in Excel dashboards to create an engaging and visually appealing presentation of data. We will cover the following topics:

1. Importance of visual representation in data analysis
2. How to add icons and images to a dashboard
3. Customizing icons and images
4. Best practices for using icons and images in dashboards
5. Examples of using icons and images in real-world scenarios
6. Conclusion and summary of key takeaways

Section 1: Importance of visual representation in data analysis
Visual representation is an essential part of data analysis. It helps to communicate complex ideas and patterns in data quickly and effectively. Icons and images are powerful visual cues that can help to make your dashboards more engaging and informative.

Section 2: How to add icons and images to a dashboard
To add icons and images to a dashboard, follow these steps:

1. Open the dashboard in Excel.
2. Click on the "Insert" tab in the ribbon.
3. Click on the "Icon" or "Image" button.
4. Select the desired icon or image from the gallery.
5. Drag and drop the icon or image onto the dashboard.
6. Resize and position the icon or image as needed.

You can also create custom icons and images by using the drawing tools in Excel. To do this, select the shape you want to use as an icon or image, and then draw or insert the appropriate picture or symbol.

Section 3: Customizing icons and images
Once you have added icons and images to your dashboard, you can customize them to fit your specific needs. Here are some tips for customizing icons and images:

1. Change the color or style of the icon or image to match your branding or design scheme.
2. Add labels or annotations to clarify what each icon or image represents.
3. Use conditional formatting to highlight specific icons or images based on certain criteria.

Section 4: Best practices for using icons and images in dashboards
Here are some best practices to follow when using icons and images in dashboards:

1. Keep it simple - Use a limited number of icons and images to avoid clutter and confusion.
2. Use meaningful icons and images - Choose icons and images that clearly represent the data or insights being presented.
3. Use contextual icons and images - Ensure that the icons and images used are relevant to the specific data or insight being presented.
4. Use consistent icons and images - Ensure that all icons and images used in the dashboard are consistent in style and color.

Section 5: Examples of using icons and images in real-world scenarios
Here are some examples of how icons and images can be used in real-world scenarios:

1. A sales dashboard could use a dollar sign icon to represent revenue or a shopping cart icon to represent sales volume.
2. A project management dashboard could use a clock icon to represent the time spent on tasks or a person icon to represent the team members involved.
3. A marketing dashboard could use a social media icon to represent the number of followers or a website traffic icon to represent the number of visitors.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, icons and images are powerful visual cues that can help to make your dashboards more engaging and informative. By following the tips and best practices outlined in this lesson, you can create compelling and effective dashboards that effectively communicate your data and insights.


text:
Attitudes toward suicide and suicidal risk among younger and older persons.
Despite a burgeoning literature on some aspects of elder suicide, little is known about the specific attitudes that older people hold about suicide. The present study examined attitudes toward suicide and suicidal risk among 96 younger and 79 older adults. Participants completed the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire and the Suicide Risk Scale. Regarding suicidal risk, younger adults scored significantly higher than older adults. Regarding attitudes, older adults scored significantly higher than younger adults on 7 of 15 subscales, indicating that for older adults, suicide was more acceptable, more strongly related to a lack of religious conviction, more lethal, more normal, more irreversible or permanent, more strongly related to demographics, and more strongly related to individual aspects. An implication is that older adults hold both adaptive and maladaptive attitudes about suicide that may be useful in providing a social and cultural context to the study, prevention, and treatment of elder suicide.

textbook:
Lesson: Attitudes Toward Suicide and Suicidal Risk Among Younger and Older Persons
Introduction:
Suicide is a serious public health problem that affects people of all ages. However, there is limited knowledge about the specific attitudes that older people hold about suicide. This lesson aims to explore attitudes toward suicide and suicidal risk among younger and older adults.
Objectives:
- To examine attitudes toward suicide and suicidal risk among younger and older adults.
- To identify the differences in attitudes between younger and older adults.
- To understand the implications of these attitudes for suicide prevention efforts.
Materials:
- Suicide Opinion Questionnaire
- Suicide Risk Scale
Methods:
- A total of 175 adults participated in this study, with 96 being younger adults (18-64 years) and 79 being older adults (65+ years).
- Participants completed the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire and the Suicide Risk Scale.
Results:
- There were significant differences in suicidal risk between younger and older adults, with younger adults scoring higher.
- However, there were also significant differences in attitudes between younger and older adults, with older adults scoring higher on 7 of 15 subscales.
- These differences suggest that older adults hold both adaptive and maladaptive attitudes about suicide that may be useful in providing targeted interventions.
Conclusion:
Understanding the attitudes that older adults hold about suicide is crucial for developing effective suicide prevention efforts. By identifying the specific attitudes that are more prevalent among older adults, we can tailor our interventions to address these attitudes and reduce the risk of suicide among this population. Additionally, by understanding the differences in attitudes between younger and older adults, we can develop targeted interventions that address the unique needs of each age group.


text: Two of EDMs biggest superstars have made a legendary appearance on Truth Or Dab, the head-to-head spinoff of First We Feast’s Hot Ones series. In this episode, Dillon Francis and Diplo face off, choosing whether to answer inflammatory questions or eat a death wing (a chicken wing spiced up to the max).. As with anything that Diplo and Dillon do together, this episode is especially hilarious, and has to be our favorite one yet. The two call out some of the most savage fan bases in music, dodge questions about how much money they make, and much more in this 15-minute video.. Check it out for yourself below and enjoy!. Receive our recap of the best content weekly right in your email, Subscribe NOW

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding the Concept of Superstars in the World of Electronic Dance Music (EDM)

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the concept of superstars in the world of electronic dance music (EDM). We will discuss what makes these artists stand out from other musicians and how they have become household names in the industry.

Section 1: What is an EDM Superstar?
- An EDM superstar is an artist who has achieved massive success in the electronic dance music industry.
- These artists are known for their unique sound, style, and ability to captivate audiences around the world.
- They often have a large following and are recognized by their fans as leaders in the EDM community.

Section 2: How do EDM Superstars Achieve Success?
- There are several factors that contribute to the success of EDM superstars, including their talent, hard work, creativity, and ability to adapt to changing trends in the industry.
- They also have a strong online presence and use social media platforms to connect with their fans and promote their music.
- Additionally, EDM superstars often collaborate with other artists, which helps them reach new audiences and expand their fan base.

Section 3: Examples of EDM Superstars
- Some examples of EDM superstars include DJs like Calvin Harris, Skrillex, and Tiësto, as well as producers like Diplo and Marshmello.
- These artists have all achieved significant success in the EDM industry and have become well-known for their unique sounds and styles.
- They have also collaborated with other artists and have been featured in popular media outlets, further solidifying their status as superstars in the EDM community.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have explored the concept of EDM superstars and discussed what makes these artists stand out from other musicians. We have also looked at the factors that contribute to their success and provided examples of some of the most well-known superstars in the industry. By understanding the qualities that make these artists successful, we can apply these principles to our own pursuits and strive to achieve greatness in our chosen fields.


text: Flood Restoration Company ... Mackinaw City MI 49701 cornerstone of our business. They have extensive water damage restoration training with an emphasis on monitoring and documenting the drying process until completion. Water Damage Restoration Technician ... Mackinaw City MI 49701 Mackinaw City MI 49701 From Fire Water Restoration to Mold Removal Mackinaw City MI 49701 Mackinaw City MI 49701 Mackinaw City MI 49701 Mackinaw City MI 49701 Mackinaw City MI 49701) Mackinaw City MI 49701 Mackinaw City MI 49701 suspect a problem that may need a professional solution, a good place to start is on the internet with your favorite search engine and a search for “crawlspace”. This should get you started in the right direction with any crawlspace (under house) issues you may have.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Crawlspaces

**Overview:** A crawlspace is a part of a building that is designed to allow access to the structural components of the building for maintenance and repair purposes. It is usually located underneath the first floor of a building or beneath a home. Crawlspaces are important because they provide access to plumbing, electrical, and HVAC systems, as well as other structural components of a building.

**Objectives:**

- Understand what a crawlspace is and why it is important
- Learn about the different types of crawlspaces
- Identify common problems associated with crawlspaces
- Learn about the importance of proper maintenance and repair of crawlspaces

**Section 1: What is a Crawlspace?**

A crawlspace is a part of a building that is designed to allow access to the structural components of the building for maintenance and repair purposes. It is usually located underneath the first floor of a building or beneath a home. Crawlspaces are important because they provide access to plumbing, electrical, and HVAC systems, as well as other structural components of a building.

**Section 2: Types of Crawlspaces**

There are two main types of crawlspaces: unfinished and finished. An unfinished crawlspace is one that has not been enclosed with walls and a ceiling. A finished crawlspace is one that has been enclosed with walls and a ceiling, similar to a basement.

**Section 3: Common Problems Associated with Crawlspaces**

Some common problems associated with crawlspaces include:

- Moisture buildup: This can lead to mold growth and structural damage if not addressed promptly.
- Pest infestations: Crawlspaces can provide an ideal environment for pests such as termites, ants, and spiders.
- Structural damage: Poorly maintained crawlspaces can lead to structural damage over time.

**Section 4: Importance of Proper Maintenance and Repair**

Proper maintenance and repair of crawlspaces are essential to ensure the structural integrity of a building and to prevent potential health hazards. Regular inspections should be conducted to check for signs of moisture, pest infestations, and structural damage. Any issues should be addressed promptly to prevent further damage.

**Glossary:**

- Crawlspace: A part of a building that is designed to allow access to the structural components of the building for maintenance and repair purposes.
- Unfinished crawlspace: A crawlspace that has not been enclosed with walls and a ceiling.
- Finished crawlspace: A crawlspace that has been enclosed with walls and a ceiling, similar to a basement.

**Conclusion:**

In conclusion, crawlspaces play an important role in maintaining the structural integrity of a building. Proper maintenance and repair of crawlspaces are essential to prevent potential health hazards and to ensure the longevity of a building.


text: The day is almost here for the publication of the first English translation of Karl Jakob Skarstein’s The War with the Sioux: Norwegians against Indians 1862-1863. The book was originally published in Norwegian and draws extensively on a group of untapped, 19th-century sources written by Norwegian immigrants to the Northern Plains. These sources offer new perspectives on the Dakota Wars which have attracted renewed attention since the recent, 150th anniversary commemorations.. Melissa Gjellstad and Danielle Skjelver have preserved Skarstein’s lively narrative and along with Richard Rothaus and Dakota Goodhouse have added a series of new historical essay to introduce the work. In advance of the formal publication of the book, we are making these essays available as an open access download.. Click here to get the essays and check back soon for a link to the free download and the paper copy..

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Historical Research

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Historical research is the process of studying and analyzing past events to understand the present and predict the future. It involves collecting and interpreting data from various sources, such as primary and secondary sources, to develop a coherent narrative about a particular time period or event.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
Let's consider a historical event, such as the American Civil War. A historian might analyze primary sources, such as letters and diaries written by soldiers during the war, to gain insight into their experiences and motivations. They might also analyze secondary sources, such as historical accounts and interpretations of the war, to develop a broader understanding of its causes and consequences.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Historical research can be applied to various fields, such as politics, economics, and culture. For example, a political scientist might study the history of democratic governments to understand the factors that contribute to their success or failure. An economist might examine the historical patterns of economic growth and decline to identify trends and make predictions about future economic conditions.

## Glossary
- Primary sources: Original documents or artifacts created at the time of an event or by people who directly experienced it.
- Secondary sources: Interpretations and analyses of primary sources or events, often written by someone other than the original observer.
- Historian: A person who studies and writes about history.
- Historical research: The systematic investigation of past events to understand the present and predict the future.

## Conclusion
Historical research is an essential tool for understanding the past and predicting the future. By analyzing primary and secondary sources and applying them to real-world scenarios, historians can develop a deeper understanding of historical events and their impact on society. This skill can be applied to various fields, making historical research a valuable tool for anyone interested in understanding the world around them.


text: *** should be completed before matriculating into a college of optometry, especially since admission to a optometry school is not guaranteed. The student is also expected to submit scores from the Optometry Admissions Test (OAT).. Students should check with the specific school(s) to which they intend to apply to ensure that all requirements are fulfilled. Requirements vary among schools, especially in regard to mathematics, microbiology, and general biology. Some schools also require additional electives in the social and behavioral sciences.. **

textbook:
Lesson: Preparing for Optometry School

Introduction:
Optometry school is a highly competitive program that requires extensive preparation. In this lesson, we will cover the necessary steps that a student should take to prepare for optometry school. We will discuss the prerequisites, the Optometry Admissions Test (OAT), and the application process.

I. Prerequisites

A. Coursework:
Before applying to optometry school, students should complete the necessary coursework required by the school they wish to attend. This typically includes:

1. General Biology (with lab)
2. Microbiology (with lab)
3. General Chemistry (with lab)
4. Organic Chemistry (with lab)
5. Physics (with lab)
6. Calculus (or higher-level math)
7. Statistics
8. Psychology
9. Sociology
10. Human Anatomy and Physiology (with lab)

B. Science GPA:
Most optometry schools require a minimum science GPA for admission. It is essential to maintain a high GPA in science courses to increase the chances of getting into optometry school.

C. OAT:
The Optometry Admissions Test (OAT) is a standardized exam required for admission to most optometry schools. It tests knowledge in physics, general chemistry, organic chemistry, reading comprehension, and quantitative reasoning. Students should begin studying for the OAT well in advance of the application deadline.

D. Shadowing/Experience:
Many optometry schools require applicants to have some level of experience in the field. This can be fulfilled through shadowing an optometrist or working in an eye care setting.

II. Application Process

A. Timeline:
The application process for optometry school typically begins in the summer or fall of the year prior to desired entry. It is essential to stay organized and meet all deadlines to ensure a successful application.

B. School Research:
Students should research the schools they wish to attend to ensure they meet the requirements and have a reasonable chance of getting in.

C. Personal Statement:
Many optometry schools require a personal statement as part of the application. This is an opportunity to showcase the applicant's personality, experiences, and motivation for pursuing optometry.

D. Letters of Recommendation:
Letters of recommendation from professors, optometrists, or other professionals can significantly impact an application. It is crucial to choose recommenders who know the applicant well and can speak to their strengths and potential in the field.

E. Interviews:
Some optometry schools require interviews as part of the application process. This is an opportunity to showcase the applicant's interest in the field and answer any questions the admissions committee may have.

III. Conclusion

In conclusion, preparing for optometry school requires extensive planning and dedication. By completing the necessary coursework, maintaining a high science GPA, studying for the OAT, and following the application process, students can increase their chances of getting into their desired optometry program.

Glossary:
- OAT: Optometry Admissions Test
- GPA: Grade Point Average
- PCAT: Pharmacy College Admission Test
- DAT: Dental Admission Test

Conclusion:
By following the steps outlined in this lesson, students can effectively prepare for optometry school and increase their chances of getting into their desired program.


text:
For Immediate Release: October 17, 2019

Media Contact: Kelsey Baker, (415) 599-6672, pdxnopipelines@gmail.com

Photos for press use (Please credit Madison Rowley)

Vancouver, WA — Right now, community members from Oregon and Washington are blockading a rail line at the Port of Vancouver, Washington that is transporting pipe for the Trans Mountain Pipeline Expansion project. In early September, activists broke the news that pipe for the project’s construction is being imported by ship to the Port of Vancouver. Today’s action at the gates of Terminal 5 is causing a major delay in loading pipe onto trains destined for British Columbia.

If constructed, the Trans Mountain Expansion would transport an additional 590,000 barrels of toxic, heavy crude every day from the Alberta Tar Sands to the shores of British Columbia. This boost in export shipments would increase oil tankers in the Salish Sea 700%, threaten endangered Orca whales, and violate Indigenous rights. Moreover, the emissions from such an expansion of tar sands oil production could spell game-over for our climate. This mega-project, which is larger than the controvertial Keystone XL Pipeline, is opposed by Indigenous communities throughout the region, whose local waters, lands, and way of life would be directly threatened by project construction and the risk of an oil spill.

This action, organized by Portland Rising Tide and Mosquito Fleet, is part of a larger fight against the Trans Mountain Expansion that has been ongoing since 2014. Both organizations are working with other groups across the west coast of the U.S. and Canada to pressure Prime Minister Trudeau, Govenor Inslee and the Port of Vancouver, WA, who are all supporting this project. We demand they stop the Trans Mountain Expansion project immediately, respect the rights of Indigenous groups, and halt any further fossil fuel expansion.

Portland Rising Tide is a local group that is part of a global grassroots network that uses education and direct action to address the root causes of climate change. https://portlandrisingtide.org/

Mosquito Fleet is a local group that organizes on-the-water direct action to halt the export of oil, gas and coal through the Salish Sea. https://mosquitofleet.us/

###

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Protests and Social Movements

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of protests and social movements, their history, and the ways they can effect change in society.

**Glossary:**
- Protest: a public or organized display of objection, disapproval, or opposition to something or someone.
- Social movement: a group of people who work together to achieve a common goal or to bring about change in society.

**Section 1: What are protests and social movements?**
Protests and social movements are forms of collective action that people take to express their opinions, beliefs, and values. These actions can be peaceful or violent, small or large, and can take many different forms, such as marches, sit-ins, boycotts, and more.

**Section 2: History of protests and social movements**
Protests and social movements have been a part of human history for thousands of years. They have been used to fight for civil rights, women's rights, labor rights, environmental protection, and many other causes. Some famous examples of social movements include the American Civil Rights Movement, the Women's Suffrage Movement, and the Environmental Movement.

**Section 3: How do protests and social movements effect change?**
Protests and social movements can effect change in society in several ways. Firstly, they can raise awareness about an issue and bring it to the attention of the general public. Secondly, they can put pressure on government officials and other decision-makers to take action. Finally, they can inspire and motivate people to take action themselves.

**Section 4: Examples of protests and social movements**
There have been many successful protests and social movements throughout history. One example is the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which was a protest against segregation on public buses in Montgomery, Alabama. Another example is the March for Our Lives, a student-led protest for gun control that took place in Washington D.C. in 2018.

**Section 5: Conclusion**
Protests and social movements are powerful tools for effecting change in society. By working together, people can raise awareness, put pressure on decision-makers, and inspire others to take action. Whether you are interested in civil rights, women's rights, labor rights, or any other cause, there is a social movement for you.

**Glossary:**
- Civil rights: legal guarantees ensuring equal access to resources and opportunities.
- Women's rights: the rights and opportunities associated with being a woman or girl.
- Labor rights: the rights of workers to fair wages, safe working conditions, and the right to organize and bargain collectively.
- Environmental protection: the preservation, conservation, and improvement of the natural environment.


text: Governor Napolitano says the Legislature “is going to have to step up to the plate” to help solve problems with Child Protective Services. At the same time, the governor said child abuse problems begin with parents. “CPS didn’t send a ...Read More ». Napolitano Says CPS Is Short Staffed, Lacks Funds To Train Caseworkers. Supreme Court: AHCCCS Responsible For Continuing Care Of Some Illegal Immigrants. The state’s health care program for indigents might have to pay for more care for illegal immigrants, under a ruling of the Arizona Supreme Court. In a 4-0 opinion released Aug. 21, the state Supreme Court ruled that the Arizona ...Read More ». Clean Elections Hearings Continue For Libertarians. Administrative appeals for three former legislative candidates accused of misusing more than $100,000 in public campaign money have been continued until September and October. The Citizens Clean Elections Commission on April 29 ordered that the three ex-candidates return all »

textbook:
Lesson: Critical Thinking and Problem Solving

Introduction:
Critical thinking and problem-solving are essential skills that help us make informed decisions and solve complex problems. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of these skills, how they can be developed, and their applications in various scenarios.

Section 1: Importance of Critical Thinking and Problem Solving

Topic 1: Understanding the Concept
- Critical thinking is the process of evaluating information and ideas to determine their validity and relevance.
- Problem-solving involves identifying and analyzing a problem, generating solutions, and selecting the most effective solution.

Topic 2: Real-World Applications
- Critical thinking and problem-solving skills are valuable in various fields, including science, engineering, business, and the arts.
- These skills are essential for success in college and career.

Topic 3: Personal Development
- Developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills can improve decision-making, communication, and collaboration abilities.
- These skills can also enhance creativity, flexibility, and adaptability.

Section 2: Developing Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Skills

Topic 1: Active Listening and Reading
- Active listening and reading involve paying attention to details, asking questions, and summarizing information to ensure understanding.
- These skills help identify assumptions, contradictions, and gaps in arguments or explanations.

Topic 2: Analyzing Arguments and Evidence
- Analyzing arguments involves evaluating the credibility of sources, considering the strength of evidence, and assessing the logic of conclusions.
- This skill helps identify weaknesses in arguments and promotes objective decision-making.

Topic 3: Generating Alternatives and Evaluating Solutions
- Generating alternatives involves brainstorming and exploring multiple perspectives.
- Evaluating solutions involves comparing the pros and cons of each option, considering the potential consequences, and selecting the best course of action.

Section 3: Practical Examples and Scenarios

Topic 1: Mathematical Abstractions
- Mathematical abstractions involve applying mathematical concepts to real-world situations, such as calculating probabilities, solving equations, or graphing functions.
- These skills help make informed decisions based on data and patterns.

Topic 2: Real-World Scenarios
- Real-world scenarios involve problem-solving situations that require critical thinking, such as deciding whether to invest in a particular stock, resolving a conflict between colleagues, or developing a marketing strategy for a product.
- These skills help identify the root causes of problems and select effective solutions.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, critical thinking and problem-solving skills are essential for success in various fields and aspects of life. By developing these skills, we can make informed decisions, solve complex problems, and achieve our goals more effectively.

Glossary:
- Critical thinking: The process of evaluating information and ideas to determine their validity and relevance.
- Problem-solving: Identifying and analyzing a problem, generating solutions, and selecting the most effective solution.
- Active listening: Paying attention to details, asking questions, and summarizing information to ensure understanding.
- Analyzing arguments: Evaluating the credibility of sources, considering the strength of evidence, and assessing the logic of conclusions.
- Generating alternatives: Brainstorming and exploring multiple perspectives.
- Evaluating solutions: Comparing the pros and cons of each option, considering the potential consequences, and selecting the best course of action.
- Mathematical abstractions: Applying mathematical concepts to real-world situations.


text: We support the authors and publishers who create the content in our app. They write and publish books for a living so they need to earn their salaries. During the last months, we have been providing Kitab Sawti for free as a test in order to collect feedback from users, writers and publishers. With that feedback, we have been able to create the best Arabic audiobook service there is, and with the best books by fantastic writers.. Now the test period is over and the writers and publishers must get paid, and that’s why we now require a subscription to get access to all content and features. Of course, running a business like Kitab Sawti also comes with costs so a part of the cost for a subscription goes to Kitab Sawti in order to keep improving the service and add more books to the catalogue.. Article is closed for comments.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Supporting Creators

**Introduction:**
Creating content is a difficult task that requires time, effort, and talent. Writers, artists, musicians, and other creators put their hearts into producing work that entertains, educates, and inspires others. However, creating content is not easy, and creators need to earn a living just like everyone else. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of supporting creators and how it benefits both them and society as a whole.

**Section 1: Understanding the Value of Content**
Content is any form of media that provides information or entertainment. It can take many forms, such as books, music, movies, and art. Creators produce this content to share their ideas, emotions, and experiences with others. While some people may think that content should be free, the truth is that creating quality content requires resources and time. Creators need to make money to survive and continue producing content.

**Section 2: Why Supporting Creators Matters**
Supporting creators is essential for several reasons. First, it allows them to continue creating content. When creators receive payment for their work, they can afford to dedicate time and resources to producing more content. Second, supporting creators helps to ensure that diverse perspectives and viewpoints are represented in the media. This is especially important in a world where media consumption is increasingly concentrated in the hands of a few corporations. Finally, supporting creators promotes a culture of appreciation for the arts and education. When people value creators, they are more likely to invest in education and training programs that foster creativity and innovation.

**Section 3: How to Support Creators**
There are several ways to support creators. One way is to purchase their work directly. This could mean buying books, music, or art. Another way is to attend performances, exhibitions, or screenings. Attending events helps to promote the work of creators and shows that there is an audience interested in their work. Additionally, sharing content on social media platforms can help to increase visibility and reach new audiences. Finally, subscribing to services that support creators is another way to show support. For example, subscribing to a streaming service or a digital library can help to ensure that creators are fairly compensated for their work.

**Conclusion:**
In conclusion, supporting creators is essential for the growth and development of our society. Creators provide us with valuable content that educates, entertains, and inspires us. By supporting creators, we help to ensure that their work continues to enrich our lives. Remember that the next time you consume content - consider how you can support the creator who produced it.

**Glossary:**
- **Content:** Any form of media that provides information or entertainment, such as books, music, movies, and art.
- **Creators:** Individuals who produce content, such as writers, artists, musicians, and other professionals in the creative industries.
- **Subscribing:** Paying a regular fee to access a service or content, such as a streaming platform or digital library.


text:
Social Sharing

The Ontario Human Rights Commission has released a policy statement on cannabis and the Human Right Code because the focus on the legalization of recreational cannabis has created confusion about the laws that govern the use of medical marijuana or how people with an addiction to cannabis are treated.

Social Sharing

Issues of human rights are at stake with confusion about medical marijuana at home and in the workplace

A flowering cannabis plant is seen at Blissco Cannabis Corp. in Langley, B.C., on October 9, 2018. The Ontario Human Rights Commission has issued a policy statement to help guide people around the rights of medical cannabis users. (Jonathan Hayward/Canadian Press)

The Ontario Human Rights Commission has released a policy statement on cannabis and the Human Rights Code because the focus on the legalization of recreational cannabis has created confusion about the laws that govern the use of medical marijuana.

"Well, we need it because it's clear people are somewhat confused," explained Renu Mandhane, Chief Commissioner of the Ontario Human Rights Commission, on CBC's Metro Morning.

Cannabis in the workplace

Mandhane said the number one question people have is about cannabis use in the workplace. She said in many ways, the rules haven't changed. People who use cannabis for a medical purpose or have an addiction have rights under the Human Rights code, but given the changes to the legal landscape they felt it was important to put out some clear guidance.

"The first thing that employers and employees should know is that the general expectation is that people don't come to work impaired," said Mandhane.

"If they're a medical user of cannabis, they'll still be prohibited from being impaired in safety sensitive positions and if they're a medical cannabis user, they may be entitled to accommodation," she added.

Mandhane said employers need to create an environment where people will feel comfortable disclosing their medical cannabis use because it's still a medication or drug where there's a lot of stigma.

Housing challenges more nuanced

When it comes to cannabis and housing, Mandhane said the rules for smoking and vaping mirror the tobacco use rules.

"You can smoke and vape in and around your residence, but not in common areas. But if a condo or an apartment bans recreational cannabis, there have to be accommodations for people who use medical cannabis."

Mandhane said another issue being brought to their attention is competing rights situations....when one resident says they use medical cannabis and another resident says they have an allergy to cannabis, or suffer from asthma.

"That's where the housing provider is obligated to look at both people's needs and try to come up with a solution. And both people need to cooperate and be flexible."

As a recreational cannabis user, you have no rights under the Human Rights code. The policy statement strictly applies to medicinal marijuana users, anyone who has an addiction to marijuana, and people who are affected by cannabis smoke or vapour.

Mandhane says policies implemented by property management or employers around recreational marijuana use do not raise any issues around human rights laws.

textbook:
Lesson: Social Sharing

Introduction:

In today's digital age, social sharing has become an integral part of our lives. It allows us to connect with others, share information, and stay updated on the latest news and trends. However, with the rise of social media platforms, there has been a growing concern over privacy and security issues. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of social sharing, its impact on our lives, and the measures we can take to protect ourselves while using these platforms.

Section 1: Understanding Social Sharing

Topic 1: What is Social Sharing?

Social sharing refers to the practice of sharing information or content on social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and LinkedIn. This includes sharing articles, videos, images, and other forms of content that are relevant to your interests or the interests of your followers.

Topic 2: Why is Social Sharing Important?

Social sharing is important because it allows us to connect with others, share information, and stay updated on the latest news and trends. It also helps us build relationships, expand our networks, and increase our visibility online.

Section 2: Risks and Concerns of Social Sharing

Topic 1: Privacy Concerns

One of the biggest concerns with social sharing is privacy. When you share information on social media platforms, you are making it publicly available, which means anyone can access it. This can lead to privacy issues such as identity theft, stalking, and harassment.

Topic 2: Security Concerns

Another concern with social sharing is security. Social media platforms are often targeted by hackers who use phishing attacks to steal personal information, such as passwords and credit card numbers. This can lead to financial losses, identity theft, and other forms of fraud.

Section 3: Protecting Yourself While Social Sharing

Topic 1: Use Strong Passwords

To protect yourself while social sharing, use strong passwords that are difficult to guess. Avoid using personal information such as your birthdate or address, and use a combination of letters, numbers, and symbols.

Topic 2: Be Careful What You Share

Be careful what you share on social media platforms. Avoid sharing personal information such as your address, phone number, or financial information. Also, be mindful of what you post, as it can come back to haunt you in the future.

Topic 3: Enable Two-Factor Authentication

Enable two-factor authentication on your social media accounts to add an extra layer of security. This requires you to provide two forms of identification, such as a password and a code sent to your phone, to log in to your account.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, social sharing has become an integral part of our lives, but it's essential to be aware of the risks and concerns associated with it. By taking measures to protect yourself, such as using strong passwords, being careful about what you share, and enabling two-factor authentication, you can enjoy the benefits of social sharing while minimizing the risks.

Glossary:

- Social sharing: The practice of sharing information or content on social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and LinkedIn.
- Privacy concerns: Concerns related to the protection of personal information shared on social media platforms.
- Security concerns: Concerns related to the protection of personal information from unauthorized access or theft.
- Two-factor authentication: A security process that requires users to provide two forms of identification to log in to their accounts.


text: 5.1 Precision Level Control. Introducing the 5.1PA Surround Sound Controller From Whirlwind. Whirlwind proudly announces the newest member of its vast family of products, the 5.1PA Precision Attenuator. The 5.1PA system was originally designed for post production suites, as well as the broadcast industry. With its intuitive user interface, the 5.1PA will find its place in every studio. The 5.1PA is a precision volume control for 5.1 systems with all 6 channels tracking to .1 dB. All connections are balanced and outputs can be ground lifted. There are 2 outputs, for use either with 2 sets of 5.1 speaker systems, or a 5.1 speaker system and 2 stereo pairs. Call us anytime to find out how you can experience true precision control.. Click here to find out how Shenandoah University in Winchester, VA made a mark on innovation and ways to experience music as an audience member with a recent percussion ensemble performance of “Pika-Don” by American composer James Tenney, with the help of the Whirlwind 5.1 PA.. -

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Audio Engineering

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Audio engineering is the process of capturing, manipulating, and reproducing sound. It involves the use of electronic devices and software to create, record, mix, and master audio signals. This lesson will introduce you to the basics of audio engineering, including the principles of sound, signal flow, and the components of a recording studio.

**Key Terms:**

- Audio: A signal that represents sound waves
- Signal Flow: The direction in which audio signals travel through a system
- Recording Studio: A facility where sound is recorded and mixed

### Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's imagine you are a musician who wants to record a song. You go to a recording studio to capture your performance. Here's what happens during the recording process:

1. Microphone: You sing into a microphone, which converts your voice into an electrical signal.
2. Preamp: The microphone output is amplified by a preamp.
3. Mixer: The preamp output is connected to the mixing board, where you can adjust the levels of different tracks.
4. Digital Audio Workstation (DAW): The mixer sends the signal to a computer, where it is digitally recorded and edited.
5. Mastering: The final mix is optimized for playback on different devices.

Now let's take a step back and analyze the signal flow in this scenario:

1. Microphone -> Preamp -> Mixer -> DAW -> Mastering

This is a typical signal flow in a recording studio. Each component plays a crucial role in capturing and processing the audio signal.

### Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

1. What are the differences between analog and digital audio?
2. Why is signal flow important in audio engineering?
3. How does the type of microphone affect the quality of the recording?

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we introduced the basics of audio engineering, including the principles of sound, signal flow, and the components of a recording studio. By understanding these concepts, you can begin to apply them to your own audio projects. As you continue to learn about audio engineering, you will gain a deeper understanding of how to manipulate and enhance sound to create engaging and impactful experiences for your audience.


text: PURPOSE: The purpose of the Wireless Systems Laboratory is to study the theory and implementation of solutions to systems-level problems in communications and networking. Historically, we have worked in the design and analysis of coding, modulation, and equalization schemes for highly bandwidth efficient wireless communication systems, but the current emphasis includes a number of projects ranging from ultra-wideband (UWB) system design to asymptotic network theory.. DIRECTOR: Dennis Goeckel. Activities: Click here for a link to current activities. goeckel@ecs.umass.edugoeckel@ecs.umass.edu

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Wireless Communication Systems

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

In this section, we will introduce the basic concepts of wireless communication systems. We will cover the following topics:

- What is a wireless communication system?
- How does a wireless communication system work?
- What are the components of a wireless communication system?

**Question:** What is a wireless communication system?

**Answer:** A wireless communication system is a collection of devices that can transmit and receive data wirelessly over a certain distance. These devices can communicate with each other without the need for physical connections such as wires or cables.

**Question:** How does a wireless communication system work?

**Answer:** A wireless communication system works by converting data into electromagnetic signals that can be transmitted through the air. These signals are then received by another device, which converts them back into data. The process of transmitting and receiving data wirelessly involves several steps, including encoding, modulation, transmission, reception, and demodulation.

**Question:** What are the components of a wireless communication system?

**Answer:** The components of a wireless communication system include a transmitter, a receiver, an antenna, and a medium (such as air or cable) through which the signals are transmitted. The transmitter encodes and modulates the data to create a signal that can be transmitted over the air. The receiver receives the signal and demodulates and decodes it to retrieve the original data. The antenna is used to transmit and receive the signal, and the medium (air or cable) carries the signal from the transmitter to the receiver.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

In this section, we will explore some practical examples of wireless communication systems. We will cover the following topics:

- Wi-Fi networks
- Bluetooth technology
- Cellular networks

**Question:** What is a Wi-Fi network?

**Answer:** A Wi-Fi network is a type of wireless local area network (LAN) that uses radio waves to transmit data between devices. Wi-Fi networks are commonly used in homes, offices, and public places to provide internet access to devices such as smartphones, laptops, and tablets.

**Question:** What is Bluetooth technology?

**Answer:** Bluetooth technology is a short-range wireless technology that allows devices to communicate with each other without the need for cables or wires. It is commonly used in devices such as smartphones, headsets, speakers, and computers.

**Question:** What is a cellular network?

**Answer:** A cellular network is a type of wireless network that divides the coverage area into smaller areas called cells. Each cell has a base station that provides service to the devices within its coverage area. Cellular networks are commonly used for mobile phone service, but they can also be used for other types of wireless communication.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

In this section, we will engage in self-debating discussions about wireless communication systems. We will cover the following topics:

- The advantages and disadvantages of wireless communication systems
- The future of wireless communication systems
- The impact of wireless communication systems on society

**Discussion:** Advantages and Disadvantages of Wireless Communication Systems

**Advantage:** One major advantage of wireless communication systems is that they provide the convenience of being able to communicate with other devices without the need for physical connections such as wires or cables. This allows for greater mobility and flexibility in the way we use technology.

**Disadvantage:** However, wireless communication systems can also be subject to interference and signal degradation, which can affect the quality of the communication. Additionally, wireless networks can be vulnerable to hacking and other security threats.

**Discussion:** The Future of Wireless Communication Systems

**Prediction:** In the future, wireless communication systems will continue to evolve and become even more advanced. We can expect to see the development of new technologies such as 5G networks, which will provide faster and more reliable connections, and the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning into wireless networks.

**Debate:** Some experts argue that the growth of wireless communication systems may eventually lead to a saturation point, where there are so many devices connected to the network that it becomes slow and unreliable. Others argue that advances in technology will continue to drive the growth of wireless communication systems and that we will always find new ways to improve their performance and capacity.

**Discussion:** The Impact of Wireless Communication Systems on Society

**Impact:** Wireless communication systems have had a profound impact on society, changing the way we communicate and interact with each other. They have made it possible for us to stay connected with others no matter where we are, and they have enabled the development of new technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart cities.

**Debate:** However, there are also concerns about the impact of wireless communication systems on our health and well-being. Some studies have suggested that long-term exposure to electromagnetic radiation from wireless devices may increase the risk of certain health conditions such as cancer. Others argue that the benefits of wireless communication systems outweigh any potential risks and that more research is needed to fully understand their impact on our health.

## Glossary

- **Wireless communication system:** A collection of devices that can transmit and receive data wirelessly over a certain distance.
- **Transmitter:** A device that encodes and modulates data to create a signal that can be transmitted over the air.
- **Receiver:** A device that receives a signal and demodulates and decodes it to retrieve the original data.
- **Antenna:** A device that transmits and receives electromagnetic signals.
- **Medium:** The material through which the signals are transmitted, such as air or cable.
- **Wi-Fi network:** A type of wireless local area network (LAN) that uses radio waves to transmit data between devices.
- **Bluetooth technology:** A short-range wireless technology that allows devices to communicate with each other without the need for cables or wires.
- **Cellular network:** A type of wireless network that divides the coverage area into smaller areas called cells.


text: Ensuring a high survival of trees while enriching the soil, water, air quality, and harvest. Providing economic independence through employment and enterprise opportunities. Building awareness between healthy trees and preservation, and the role of individual and community in the environment. Celebrating the past and protecting the future. Throughout the past 25 years, Armenia Tree Project has mastered the art of growing and planting healthy trees in Armenia, and honed its ability to sustain and propagate the country’s natural resources.. ATP’s solution is holistic: both nature and people are integral forces that must work together. to create a sustainable, healthy and non-threatening environment.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Sustainability and Environmental Preservation

**Introduction**

Sustainability and environmental preservation are crucial aspects of our daily lives. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of sustainable practices and how they can benefit both the environment and the economy. We will explore the concept of sustainability and how it relates to tree planting and preservation.

**Section 1: What is Sustainability?**

Sustainability refers to the ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It involves balancing social, economic, and environmental factors to ensure long-term viability and stability.

**Section 2: Why is Sustainability Important?**

Sustainability is important because it helps to preserve the environment and its resources for future generations. It also promotes economic growth by providing employment opportunities and reducing dependence on non-renewable resources.

**Section 3: How does Tree Planting and Preservation Contribute to Sustainability?**

Tree planting and preservation are essential components of sustainability. Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which helps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. They also provide habitat for wildlife, prevent soil erosion, and improve water quality. Additionally, trees provide economic benefits such as timber, fruits, and nuts.

**Section 4: The Armenia Tree Project**

The Armenia Tree Project (ATP) is an organization that promotes sustainability and environmental preservation in Armenia. For over 25 years, ATP has been working to grow and plant healthy trees in Armenia while raising awareness about the importance of preserving the environment.

**Section 5: Conclusion**

In conclusion, sustainability and environmental preservation are vital for the well-being of future generations. By planting and preserving trees, we can contribute to a healthier and more sustainable environment. The Armenia Tree Project serves as an excellent example of how sustainable practices can benefit both the environment and the economy. By applying the principles learned in this lesson, we can work towards creating a better future for ourselves and future generations.

**Glossary**
- Sustainability: The ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
- Environmental Preservation: The act of protecting and conserving the natural environment and its resources.
- Sustainable Practices: Actions that promote long-term viability and stability while balancing social, economic, and environmental factors.

**Self-Debating Discussion**

What are some ways that you can contribute to sustainability and environmental preservation in your daily life? Discuss with a partner and share your ideas.


text: DESCRIPTION (Investigator's Abstract): Prior support through the Publication Grant Program of the National Library of Medicine enabled an initial evaluation of the Denny-Brown collection of research material, including the videotaping and editing of 500 of the approximately 2200 films depicting the behavior of monkeys with lesion of many major CNS structures. The project began 12/01/92 and was granted a no cost extension for a second year. The current proposal requests an additional 2 years of funding. There are 11 other series of primate lesion experiments. Additionally, there are about 22,000 histological slides, which were sorted and catalogued as part of the initial project, that show the extent of the lesions in almost all of these animals. Since the NLM Publication Grant Program does not support Competing Continuation applications, the PI's are seeking continued funding of the project by NINDS. The proposed 2- Year project will: 1) continue the process of verbally annotating each videotape. This annotation by the Co-PI, completed for the first ten animals, describes Denny-Brown's methodology and the behavior being exhibited by the animal in each film sequence; 2) continue the process of typing all the handwritten records for the DC series of animals (completed for the first six animals); 3) videotape the remaining 1700 films; 4) arrange for transfer of the entire collection to the National Museum of Health and Medicine at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, which has agreed to maintain it as a research collection; 5) publicize via reports and presentations the availability of the collection; and 6) seek evaluations of the DC series of annotated videotapes to determine of the videotapes of the other series should undergo a similar process of editing and annotation. In addition to the films of monkeys with CNS lesions, the Denny-Brown collection includes approximately 500 films of some of the patients under Denny-Brown's care at Boston City and Long Island Hospitals between 1946 and 1967. These films have potential clinical and/or research value because they depict a group of patients with end- stage disease (e.g., Parkinson's, Huntington's, Wilson's) and non- contemporary diseases (e.g., post-encephalitic parkinsonism), and because they typify the neurological examination process that was used at the time, e.g., that of trying to elicit reflexes that were released as a consequence of CNS damage. Thus, the proposed project will also involve selecting, videotaping, editing and annotating some of the films Denny-Brown made of humans with neurological diseases.

textbook:
LESSON: Introduction to Neuroscience

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
In this lesson, we will learn about the basic structure and function of the nervous system, which is responsible for controlling and coordinating all bodily functions. We will also explore how damage to specific areas of the brain can affect behavior and motor skills in primates.

### Section 2: Practical Examples
Let's consider a hypothetical scenario where a monkey has a lesion in its frontal lobe. This area of the brain is associated with decision-making, problem-solving, and impulse control. As a result, the monkey may exhibit difficulty in making decisions and may act impulsively without considering the consequences.

### Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Now, let's look at a real-world example. A patient with a stroke that affects their parietal lobe may have difficulty with spatial awareness and coordination. This can make everyday tasks like walking or picking up objects challenging. Understanding how the brain works and how damage to specific areas can affect our abilities is crucial for developing treatments and therapies to help these patients regain some of their lost functions.

### Glossary:
- Brain: The organ that controls and coordinates all bodily functions.
- Nervous System: The network of cells and fibers that transmit information throughout the body.
- Lesion: Damage to a specific area of the brain.
- Frontal Lobe: The part of the brain responsible for decision-making, problem-solving, and impulse control.
- Parietal Lobe: The part of the brain responsible for spatial awareness and coordination.

### Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the basic structure and function of the nervous system and how damage to specific areas of the brain can affect behavior and motor skills in primates. We also explored real-world scenarios where understanding the brain's function is crucial for developing treatments and therapies for patients with neurological disorders. By applying the skills gained from this lesson, we can better understand how the brain works and how to develop strategies to help those affected by brain damage.


text: Domains of Business Agility. Updated: Apr 7, 2021. Business agility is a set of organizational capabilities, behaviors, and ways of working that gives your business the freedom, flexibility, and resilience to achieve its highest purpose.. Yet achieving business agility isn't simple. No silver bullet or single framework, method, or system can deliver business agility to all companies in the same way. But like an athlete who follows specific regimens to develop the necessary muscle groups to help them reach their goal, organizations need to develop certain organizational muscles to reach the right level of business agility.. In this video, I'll go through the 12 organizational muscles (formally known as domains) of business agility. These muscles aren't developed in isolation. Like a human body, they all work together, making the entire organization more agile and building essential capabilities for the future.. ...

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Business Agility

## Section 1: What is Business Agility?
Business agility refers to the ability of an organization to respond quickly and efficiently to changes in its internal or external environment. It involves developing certain organizational capabilities, behaviors, and ways of working that enable the company to achieve its highest purpose while being flexible and resilient.

## Section 2: Why is Business Agility Important?
Business agility is crucial because it helps organizations adapt to changes in the market, customer needs, and technology. By being agile, companies can stay competitive, innovate, and improve their overall performance. Additionally, business agility allows organizations to better manage risks and uncertainties, which is especially important in today's fast-changing world.

## Section 3: Domains of Business Agility
There are 12 domains of business agility, which are the specific areas that organizations need to focus on to become more agile. These domains are not developed in isolation but work together to make the entire organization more agile. They are:

1. Customer Focus: Understanding and meeting customer needs
2. Value Stream Management: Managing the flow of work from start to finish
3. Adaptive Planning: Developing and adjusting plans based on changing circumstances
4. Continuous Learning: Encouraging a culture of continuous improvement and learning
5. Agile Portfolio Management: Balancing investments in different initiatives
6. Leadership: Creating a culture that supports agility and empowers people to make decisions
7. Governance: Setting the rules and guidelines for how the organization operates
8. Architecture & Design: Ensuring that systems and processes are designed for agility
9. DevOps: Enabling fast and efficient delivery of products and services
10. Cybersecurity: Protecting the organization's data and systems from threats
11. Compliance: Ensuring that the organization follows relevant laws and regulations
12. Partner Management: Collaborating with external partners to achieve common goals

## Section 4: How to Develop Business Agility
Developing business agility requires organizations to focus on these 12 domains and develop the necessary organizational muscles. This can be done by:

1. Assessing the current state of the organization in each domain
2. Identifying gaps and areas for improvement
3. Developing a roadmap for improvement that includes specific actions and timelines
4. Executing on the roadmap, including training employees, implementing new processes, and measuring progress
5. Continuously monitoring and evaluating progress, making adjustments as needed

## Section 5: Conclusion
Business agility is crucial for organizations to adapt to changes and stay competitive. By focusing on the 12 domains of business agility and developing the necessary organizational muscles, companies can become more agile and better equipped to handle future challenges.


text: . • Cools an area up to 370m2 floor area. • Water supply is a standard garden hose. • Constructed of roto molded corrosion free polyethylene. • Powder coated aluminium fan panel and stainless steel componentry. • High efficiency HP speed 240 volt, totally enclosed motor. • Pump is high efficiency 1/6 HP 240 volt, maintenance free. • Cooling media is a cross corrugated angle fluted specially formulated cellulose material treated with a thermosetting resin for long life and efficient cooling

textbook:
# Lesson: How to Build a Portable Evaporative Cooler
## Introduction
A portable evaporative cooler is a device that uses water evaporation to cool down an area. It's a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to air conditioning. In this lesson, we will learn about the components of a portable evaporative cooler, how it works, and how to build one.
## Section 1: Components of a Portable Evaporative Cooler
A portable evaporative cooler consists of several components, including:
- A water tank
- A fan
- A pad or filter soaked in water
- A housing unit that holds everything together
## Section 2: How a Portable Evaporative Cooler Works
The process of cooling involves three steps:
1. Water is added to the pad or filter.
2. The fan circulates air over the wet pad or filter.
3. The hot air is cooled as it passes through the pad or filter, and the cool air is circulated throughout the room.
## Section 3: Building a Portable Evaporative Cooler
To build a portable evaporative cooler, you will need:
- A plastic container or bin
- A small fan
- A piece of cloth or paper towel
- A straw or small tube
- A power source (e.g., a battery)
Here are the steps to follow:
1. Cut a hole in the center of the cloth or paper towel.
2. Insert the straw or small tube into the hole.
3. Place the fan on top of the cloth or paper towel.
4. Fill the container or bin with water.
5. Attach the power source to the fan and turn it on.
6. The fan will draw air through the cloth or paper towel, which will absorb the water and cool the air.
## Section 4: Conclusion
Building a portable evaporative cooler is a fun and educational project that can help you save money on cooling costs. By understanding the components and process of a portable evaporative cooler, you can build a device that effectively cools down an area. With this knowledge, you can apply these skills to other projects and devices that use evaporative cooling.


text: Moderator:. Richard Florida, editor-at-large, Atlantic CITIES. Confirmed Speakers:. Carol Coletta, vice president, Communities and National Initiatives, John S. and James L. Knight Foundation. Mayor Karl Dean, City of Nashville. Bruce Katz, vice president and Director, Metropolitan Policy Program, Brookings Institution. Bob Steel, deputy mayor for Economic Development, City of New York. The CityLab summit brings together 300 global city leaders—more than 25 mayors, plus urban theorists, city planners, scholars, architects, and artists—for a series of conversations about urban ideas that are shaping the world’s metro centers. The summit features conversations on economic development; the environment and sustainability; cultural investment; big data; and the intersection of public safety, privacy, and technology; as well as smaller breakout sessions exploring topics like redevelopment, urban infrastructure, transportation, urban expansion, and the creation of the next tech city.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Cities in the 21st Century

Introduction:
Cities have always been important centers of commerce, culture, and innovation. However, in the 21st century, they have become even more significant due to their role in driving economic growth, promoting sustainable development, and fostering creativity. This lesson will explore the various reasons why cities are essential in today's world and how they can contribute to a better future for all.

Section 1: Economic Development

Question: Why are cities important for economic development?
Answer: Cities are hubs of economic activity, attracting businesses, entrepreneurs, and workers who contribute to local economies. They provide access to markets, resources, and talent, which can help companies grow and create jobs. Additionally, cities often have a higher concentration of knowledge-based industries, such as technology, finance, and media, which drive innovation and productivity.

Section 2: Environmental Sustainability

Question: How can cities promote environmental sustainability?
Answer: Cities can take many steps to reduce their carbon footprint and promote sustainability, such as investing in green infrastructure (e.g., parks, green roofs), implementing recycling programs, and encouraging the use of public transportation or bicycles. They can also adopt renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind power, and work towards reducing air pollution and improving air quality.

Section 3: Cultural Investment

Question: Why is cultural investment important for cities?
Answer: Cultural investment refers to the preservation and promotion of a city's artistic, historical, and architectural heritage. It can attract tourists, foster civic pride, and stimulate local economies by supporting small businesses and creative industries. Moreover, cultural investment can enhance social cohesion, improve quality of life, and make cities more resilient and vibrant places to live.

Section 4: Big Data

Question: How can big data benefit cities?
Answer: Big data refers to large volumes of information that can be analyzed to reveal patterns, trends, and insights. Cities can use big data to optimize services, such as transportation and sanitation, by monitoring traffic patterns or tracking waste management. They can also use it to improve public safety, by identifying crime hotspots or predicting potential threats.

Section 5: Public Safety, Privacy, and Technology

Question: What is the relationship between public safety, privacy, and technology in cities?
Answer: As cities become more connected through technology, there are concerns about privacy and security. However, technology can also enhance public safety by enabling law enforcement agencies to respond quickly to emergencies or track missing persons. It can also improve transparency, accountability, and community engagement by providing access to information and facilitating two-way communication between residents and city officials.

Conclusion:
Cities are complex ecosystems that require careful planning, management, and investment to thrive. By focusing on economic development, environmental sustainability, cultural investment, big data, and public safety, cities can create inclusive, resilient, and prosperous futures for their residents. By studying these topics, we can better understand the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead and contribute to shaping a better urban world for all.


text: Big or small a well arranged and landscaped garden and improve the outlook of any home, it could also improve the value of your home too!. Like all of our projects we pride ourselves on producing quality jobs that last, we want all of our projects to look good and provide our customers with years of enjoyment.. We can visit and plan your project with you offering our experience and knowledge to create something you can be proud of and enhance your home.. Call 01502 744242, 07944 216359

textbook:
Lesson: Landscaping Your Garden

Introduction:
Landscaping is the process of designing and modifying the physical features of a garden. It involves adding or removing elements such as plants, rocks, water features, and other natural materials to create an aesthetically pleasing environment. In this lesson, we will learn about the benefits of landscaping, the steps involved in creating a landscaped garden, and the different types of landscapes.

Benefits of Landscaping:
- Improves the appearance of your home
- Increases the value of your home
- Provides a relaxing environment
- Attracts wildlife and pollinators
- Reduces stress and promotes mental health

Steps Involved in Creating a Landscaped Garden:
1. Planning: Before starting any landscaping project, it's essential to have a plan. This includes determining the size of your garden, the type of plants you want to add, and the layout of your landscape.
2. Preparation: Once you have a plan, it's time to prepare your garden. This may involve removing existing plants, rocks, or other materials, and leveling the ground.
3. Planting: After preparing your garden, it's time to add plants. Choose plants that are suitable for your climate and soil type. Make sure to space them correctly to allow for proper growth.
4. Mulching: Adding a layer of mulch around your plants helps to retain moisture, control weeds, and add nutrients to the soil.
5. Maintaining: Landscaping requires maintenance to keep it looking its best. This includes watering, pruning, and removing weeds.

Types of Landscapes:
1. Formal: A formal landscape is characterized by straight lines, symmetrical shapes, and a sense of order. It often includes manicured lawns, trimmed hedges, and neatly arranged plants.
2. Informal: An informal landscape is more natural-looking, with winding paths, curving lines, and a sense of spontaneity. It often includes wildflowers, native plants, and rocks.
3. Traditional: A traditional landscape features classic elements such as boxwood hedges, statues, and fountains.
4. Contemporary: A contemporary landscape incorporates modern design elements such as geometric shapes, bold colors, and innovative materials.

Conclusion:
Landscaping is a fun and rewarding hobby that can significantly improve the appearance and value of your home. By following the steps involved in creating a landscaped garden and understanding the different types of landscapes, you can create a beautiful and unique environment that suits your personal style. Whether you prefer a formal, informal, traditional, or contemporary landscape, the key to success is planning, preparation, and maintenance. With these tips in mind, you can enjoy the many benefits of landscaping for years to come.


text: It remains uncertain whether Ghana can win the fight against illegal mining as the country maintains a loose regulatory regime on mercury accessibility.. Mercury, the most commonly-used chemical for gold extraction in the small and artisanal mining industry, often fall into wrong hands due to the gap in regulating the product by the Minerals Commission, ghanabusinessnews.com can confirm.. Research has shown that the Minerals Commission issues a renewable license to importers and dealers of mercury at a fee of GH¢7,000 per year while that of industrial users is pegged at GH¢1,000. Free licenses are also issued to educational institutions to use the product for educational purposes.. However, investigations indicate that the commission does not regulate the product from dealers to the end-users and as a result, it is sold on the open market to all who can afford.

textbook:
Lesson Title: The Importance of Regulating Mercury Accessibility in Mining

Introduction:
Mercury is a chemical substance commonly used in the extraction of gold from ore in small and artisanal mining industries. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of regulating mercury accessibility in mining and the consequences of not doing so.

Core Value:
The importance of regulating mercury accessibility in mining lies in ensuring that the substance is used safely and responsibly, without causing harm to the environment or human health.

Section 1: Understanding the Risks of Mercury in Mining

Topic 1: What is mercury used for in mining?
- Definition: Mercury is a chemical substance that is used to extract gold from ore in small and artisanal mining industries.
- Explanation: Mercury is added to the ore and then heated until it forms a liquid mixture with the gold. This liquid is then cooled and the gold separates from the mercury.

Topic 2: Why is it important to regulate mercury accessibility in mining?
- Definition: Regulating mercury accessibility means controlling how much mercury is available and who can use it.
- Explanation: Mercury is a toxic substance that can cause serious health problems if it is released into the environment or if people are exposed to it. Regulating mercury accessibility helps to prevent these problems and protect human health and the environment.

Section 2: The Consequences of Not Regulating Mercury Accessibility in Mining

Topic 3: What happens if mercury is not regulated in mining?
- Definition: If there is no regulation on mercury accessibility, anyone can buy and use it without any control or supervision.
- Explanation: This can lead to the widespread use of mercury in mining, even by people who do not know how to use it safely. This can result in the release of mercury into the environment, which can harm wildlife and humans. It can also lead to people being exposed to mercury, which can cause serious health problems.

Topic 4: How can a lack of regulation affect the environment?
- Definition: A lack of regulation on mercury accessibility can lead to the release of mercury into the environment, which can harm wildlife and humans.
- Explanation: Mercury can contaminate soil, water, and air, and it can accumulate in the food chain. This can harm plants, animals, and people who eat them. Mercury can also damage ecosystems and make it harder for them to recover.

Section 3: The Importance of Regulating Mercury Accessibility in Mining

Topic 5: Why is regulating mercury accessibility important for human health?
- Definition: Regulating mercury accessibility helps to protect human health by preventing exposure to this toxic substance.
- Explanation: Mercury can cause serious health problems, including damage to the nervous system, kidneys, and lungs. It can also harm unborn children, leading to developmental problems. By regulating mercury accessibility, we can help to prevent these health problems.

Topic 6: Why is regulating mercury accessibility important for the environment?
- Definition: Regulating mercury accessibility helps to protect the environment by preventing the release of this toxic substance into the air, water, and soil.
- Explanation: Mercury can harm wildlife and ecosystems, making it harder for them to recover. By regulating mercury accessibility, we can help to prevent this damage and protect the environment for future generations.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, regulating mercury accessibility in mining is crucial for protecting human health and the environment. Without proper regulation, mercury can be used unsafely and irresponsibly, leading to serious consequences. By understanding the importance of regulating mercury accessibility, we can work towards a safer and more sustainable mining industry.

Glossary:
- Mercury: A chemical substance used to extract gold from ore in small and artisanal mining industries.
- Regulation: The process of controlling how much mercury is available and who can use it.
- Accessibility: The ability to obtain or use something.
- Contamination: The presence of a substance in the environment that is harmful to living things.
- Ecosystem: All the living things in a particular area and the way they interact with each other and their environment.

### Output:
Glossary:
- Mercury: A chemical substance used to extract gold from ore in small and artisanal mining industries.
- Regulation: The process of controlling how much mercury is available and who can use it.
- Accessibility: The ability to obtain or use something.
- Contamination: The presence of a substance in the environment that is harmful to living things.
- Ecosystem: All the living things in a particular area and the way they interact with each other and their environment.