text:
Article content continued

Children hauled from their own mothers’ weeping arms, infants plucked from their breasts and tossed into ovens, dogs ripping at the prisoners as they were cattle-pronged into the gas chambers under the whips and rods of the guards — starved, worked to near death, spat on and more — the concentration camps of Nazi Germany were the “darkness visible” of human hate and evil made flesh.

The charge is, as the Jerusalem Post states, 'a desecration of the Holocaust itself'

Ocasio-Cortez was not alone in her unfathomable distortions and recklessness. Another ignoramus, also a Congresswoman, “argued” as there were “camps” on the southern border and people were “concentrated” in them — so, there you have it, they are concentration camps. This is the thinking of a high-school smart-aleck, out of the mouth of a member of the House of Representatives. None of Trump’s overwrought critics thought to note that Obama the Good had set up the same camps, had the same facilities. Under Obama, of course, they were to be regarded as spas or tanning salons.

Those on the southern border have walked their way TO the “camps.”

She might ask are those presently housed working rock piles till they drop and are taken for gassing? Are they being thrown on electrified barbed wire for the amusement of the guards? Do they bear the infamous tattooed numbers on their wrists? Who at the southern border is in charge of the medical experiments, the surgeries without anesthetic, the barbarities Mengele practiced on twins?

Photo by Christ Chavez/Getty Images

The Holocaust was a universe of intended suffering and death, of which the concentration camps were the constituent planets. There is no possible collation with the events on the present-day southern border of the United States. It is not an error to conflate them: it is a blasphemy against those abandoned souls who were hauled into that universe.

But enough. To ask for logic or fidelity of thought from someone who embraces such rhetorical savagery is futile. The comparison is absolutely odious. And it is a pure toss-up which is worse: if she actually believes what she says, her mind is a vacancy; if she knows it is false, she is a vile and obnoxious charlatan.

textbook:
Lesson: The Holocaust - A Study in Evil

### Overview

The Holocaust was one of the darkest periods in human history. It was a time when millions of innocent people were systematically murdered by the Nazi regime in Germany. In this lesson, we will explore the events leading up to the Holocaust, the atrocities committed during this time, and the lasting impact it has had on the world.

### Objectives

- Understand the events leading up to the Holocaust
- Identify the atrocities committed during this time
- Analyze the lasting impact of the Holocaust on the world

### Section 1: Introduction to the Holocaust

The Holocaust was a period of time during World War II when the Nazi regime in Germany systematically murdered millions of people, including Jews, homosexuals, disabled individuals, and others who did not fit into their ideal of a perfect society. This genocide was carried out in concentration camps, where people were imprisoned, tortured, and eventually killed.

### Section 2: The Events Leading Up to the Holocaust

The events leading up to the Holocaust began with the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany in the 1930s. Hitler and his followers blamed the Jewish people for Germany's economic and political problems and began passing laws that targeted them. These laws stripped Jews of their rights and made them second-class citizens.

As Hitler's power grew, so did his hatred of the Jewish people. He began to implement policies that aimed to exterminate them, including the creation of concentration camps and the development of gas chambers.

### Section 3: The Atrocities Committed During the Holocaust

The atrocities committed during the Holocaust were unimaginable. People were forced to live in cramped quarters, were given little food or water, and were subjected to brutal beatings and other forms of torture. They were also used as guinea pigs in medical experiments and were killed in gas chambers.

One of the most infamous aspects of the Holocaust was the use of concentration camps. These camps were designed to hold large numbers of people in small spaces, making it easy for guards to control them. Prisoners were often forced to work long hours with little food or water, and those who could not keep up were often killed.

### Section 4: The Lasting Impact of the Holocaust

The Holocaust had a profound impact on the world. It showed the depths of human evil and the consequences of hateful rhetoric. It also led to the establishment of Israel as a safe haven for Jewish people and spurred efforts to prevent future genocides.

The Holocaust also had a lasting impact on the survivors and their families. Many survivors struggled with physical and emotional scars for the rest of their lives, and their children and grandchildren often felt the effects of their trauma as well.

### Conclusion

The Holocaust was a dark period in human history, but it is important that we remember and learn from it. By studying the events leading up to the Holocaust, the atrocities committed during this time, and the lasting impact it has had on the world, we can better understand the consequences of hate and work to prevent such atrocities from happening again.


text: summer craft rec center. 8 Pins1 Followers. Everything you need to know about how to make a water wall for kids - and why you should!. Quick and Easy dinosaur feet bringing the book Edwina the dinosaur that didn't know she was extinct alive for kids. Paper Plate Bugs - Craftulate. Discovery bottle w/ pipe cleaners & magnet wand - My son is obsessed with this! I left the top unglued since it's not messy and he is having the best time dumping it and experimenting with the pipe cleaners & magnet outside the bottle.. Best list of camping tips & tricks I've found, if you are thinking about a trip anytime soon this is a must pin! She even includes a packing list! #toddlers #kids #camping. Fun!. Outdoor Toddler Station- I need to do something like this, but a cabinet, not a table.. Lucky Charm Krispies

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: How to Make a Water Wall for Kids
Introduction:
A water wall is a fun and simple craft that can be enjoyed by kids of all ages. It is a great way to teach children about the properties of water and how it can be used to create beautiful art. In this lesson, we will learn how to make a water wall using everyday materials. We will also explore the science behind this craft and why it works.
Materials:
- Clear plastic cups
- Water
- Food coloring (optional)
- Spoons or straws
- Paper towels or a bucket to catch spills
Instructions:
1. Fill each cup with water about three-quarters full.
2. If desired, add food coloring to each cup to create different colors.
3. Place the cups on a flat surface, such as a table or countertop.
4. Drip water from one cup into another cup, starting with the first cup and moving to the next cup.
5. Continue driping water until it reaches the last cup.
6. Observe the water wall and how the water moves from one cup to another.
Science Behind the Water Wall:
The water wall works because of capillary action, which is the movement of water through small spaces without the help of gravity. This occurs because the cups are slightly tilted, allowing the water to flow from one cup to another. The water molecules stick together, making it easier for them to move through the small spaces between the cups.
Why Make a Water Wall?
Making a water wall is a fun and educational activity for kids. It can help teach them about the properties of water and how it can be used to create art. Additionally, it can help develop their fine motor skills as they use spoons or straws to drip the water.
Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to make a water wall using clear plastic cups, water, and food coloring (optional). We also explored the science behind this craft and why it works. Making a water wall is a fun and educational activity for kids that can help develop their fine motor skills and teach them about the properties of water.


text: Today on CBTNews.com – Thursday, June 6th, 2019:. />What May’s Auto Sales Performance Could Indicate for the Rest of 2019. According to Thomas King, Senior Vice President of the Data and Analytics Division at J.D. Power, May typically reveals the auto sales trajectory for the rest of the year, “May is one of the highest volume months of the year, and its performance typically indicates how the year will play out. The expected sales decline in May, coupled with weak sales year-to-date has left the industry with rising inventories of unsold vehicles.” If this is the case for 2019, then there is sufficient cause for concern. . />Addressing the Divas at Your Dealership. Are there two kings in your castle? If so, you may have a diva on your hands. A diva is a salesperson in it for themselves. This may come from record sales or a misplaced sense of importance. The result is an employee who feels like they’re calling the shots, and who does so with attitude.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Interpret Sales Data

Introduction:
Sales data is an essential tool for businesses to understand their performance and make informed decisions. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and interpret sales data, including understanding the key metrics, analyzing trends, and identifying opportunities for growth.

Section 1: Key Metrics
The first step in reading and interpreting sales data is to understand the key metrics used in the analysis. Some common metrics used in sales data analysis include:

1. Total Sales: This represents the total revenue generated by the business from all sources during a specific period.

2. Average Sale Price: This represents the average price at which products or services are sold.

3. Gross Profit Margin: This represents the percentage of total sales that is left after subtracting the cost of goods sold (COGS).

4. Net Profit Margin: This represents the percentage of total sales that is left after all expenses have been paid.

5. Return on Sales (ROS): This represents the efficiency of the business in generating profits from its sales.

Section 2: Analyzing Trends
Once you have a good understanding of the key metrics, the next step is to analyze the trends in the sales data. This involves looking at the data over time to identify patterns and changes in the business's performance. Some common trends to look for include:

1. Seasonality: This refers to the fluctuations in sales that occur due to seasonal factors such as weather or holidays.

2. Cyclicality: This refers to the fluctuations in sales that occur due to economic or industry-specific cycles.

3. Growth/Decline: This refers to the overall direction of the business's sales performance over time.

Section 3: Identifying Opportunities for Growth
The final step in reading and interpreting sales data is to use the insights gained to identify opportunities for growth. This involves analyzing the data to find areas where the business can improve its performance and increase sales. Some common opportunities for growth include:

1. Expanding into new markets: This involves identifying new customer segments or geographic regions where the business can sell its products or services.

2. Increasing marketing efforts: This involves investing more resources into marketing campaigns to attract new customers and increase sales.

3. Improving product quality: This involves investing in research and development to create better products or services that meet customer needs and preferences.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, reading and interpreting sales data is a critical skill for any business owner or manager. By understanding the key metrics, analyzing trends, and identifying opportunities for growth, businesses can make informed decisions that drive growth and profitability.


text: Traditional power control systems were electromechanical and solid state solutions promised significant weight and size reductions. The client came to us having supervised a previous prototype layout which had failed due to EMC problems within the PCB. We were engaged to produce a new circuit layout to the client’s specification paying particular attention to EMC radiation from the power circuits, and the susceptibility of the control signals.. Challenges included high voltage switching in close proximity to the small signal control circuitry. The solution had to meet sometimes conflicting requirements of safety, EMC and fast low loss switching.. The new circuit and layout worked as intended.. Achievement: Resolved a problem that enabled the client to demonstrate their first solid state power controller for passenger aircraft.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Design a Circuit Layout for Power Control Systems

## Introduction

Power control systems are essential components in various electronic devices and machines. Traditionally, these systems used electromechanical components, but modern technology has introduced solid-state solutions that offer significant advantages in terms of size, weight, and efficiency. However, designing a circuit layout for power control systems can be challenging, especially when dealing with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues. This lesson will teach you the basics of designing a circuit layout for power control systems, including EMC considerations, high voltage switching, and fast low-loss switching.

## Section 1: EMC Considerations

Electromagnetic compatibility is a critical aspect of power control systems because it ensures that the system operates without interference from other electrical devices. When designing a circuit layout for power control systems, you must pay particular attention to EMC radiation from the power circuits and the susceptibility of the control signals. Here are some tips for addressing EMC issues in your circuit layout:

1. Use shielding materials: Shielding materials, such as copper or aluminum, can be used to protect sensitive components from EMC radiation. Place the shielding material around the control circuits to reduce the impact of EMC radiation on the system.

2. Separate power and control circuits: To minimize the impact of EMC radiation on the control circuits, separate the power circuits from the control circuits physically. This can be achieved by placing the power circuits on one side of the board and the control circuits on the other side.

3. Use filters and ferrites: Filters and ferrites can be used to reduce EMC radiation and susceptibility. Place filters and ferrites between the power and control circuits to minimize the impact of EMC radiation on the control signals.

## Section 2: High Voltage Switching

High voltage switching is an essential aspect of power control systems, especially when dealing with high-power applications. High voltage switching can be achieved using various components, such as power transistors, thyristors, and IGBTs. Here are some tips for designing a circuit layout for high voltage switching:

1. Use appropriate components: Choose components that can handle the required voltage and current levels. For example, use power transistors instead of regular transistors for high voltage switching applications.

2. Use heat sinks: High voltage switching generates heat, which can damage the components. Therefore, use heat sinks to dissipate the heat generated during high voltage switching.

3. Use protection diodes: Protection diodes can be used to protect the components from damage caused by high voltage switching. Place the protection diodes across the components to prevent damage from back EMF.

## Section 3: Fast Low-Loss Switching

Fast low-loss switching is essential for power control systems that require high efficiency and fast response times. Here are some tips for designing a circuit layout for fast low-loss switching:

1. Use low-loss components: Choose components that have low on-state losses, such as IGBTs or MOSFETs. These components can switch fast and with low losses, resulting in higher efficiency.

2. Use snubbers: Snubbers are capacitors and diodes that help to reduce the voltage spikes during switching. Place the snubbers across the components to reduce the voltage spikes and improve the efficiency of the system.

3. Use gate drivers: Gate drivers can be used to drive the gates of power transistors or IGBTs. This can help to reduce the losses during switching and improve the overall efficiency of the system.

## Glossary

- EMC: Electromagnetic compatibility
- EMC radiation: Interference caused by electromagnetic waves
- Shielding: Material used to protect components from EMC radiation
- Ferrites: Magnetic materials used to reduce EMC radiation
- Heat sinks: Components used to dissipate heat generated during high voltage switching
- Protection diodes: Diodes used to protect components from damage caused by high voltage switching
- Low-loss components: Components that have low on-state losses
- Snubbers: Capacitors and diodes used to reduce voltage spikes during switching
- Gate drivers: Components used to drive the gates of power transistors or IGBTs

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we have covered the basics of designing a circuit layout for power control systems, including EMC considerations, high voltage switching, and fast low-loss switching. By following the tips provided in each section, you can create a circuit layout that meets the requirements of your power control system. Remember to pay particular attention to EMC radiation, high voltage switching, and fast low-loss switching to ensure that your system operates efficiently and without interference from other electrical devices.


text:
781 P.2d 1262 (1989)
99 Or.App. 353
IN THE MATTER OF THE COMPENSATION OF WOODIE R. STRIPLIN, Claimant,
EVANITE FIBER Corporation and Birmingham Fire Insurance Company, Petitioners,
v.
Woodie R. STRIPLIN, Respondent.
WCB 87-12406; CA A51263.
Court of Appeals of Oregon.
Argued and Submitted September 19, 1989.
Decided November 8, 1989.
*1263 Jenny A. Ogawa, Salem, argued the cause for petitioners. With her on the brief was Kevin L. Mannix, P.C., Salem.
Kathryn Ricciardelli, Salem, argued the cause for respondent. With her on the brief were Randy M. Elmer and Vick & Gutzler, Salem.
Before GRABER, P.J., and RIGGS and EDMONDS, JJ.
GRABER, Presiding Judge.
Employer seeks review in this workers' compensation case. We review for substantial evidence and errors of law, ORS 656.298(6), and affirm.
Claimant sustained a low back injury on December 8, 1984, while working as a paper machine operator. He sought treatment from a chiropractor, who diagnosed a lumbosacral sprain and found that claimant had a preexisting mild to moderate degenerative condition. In January, 1985, employer accepted the claim as a disabling injury. Claimant complained of various mild recurrences and experienced two episodes of increased severe low back pain in June and July, 1985, each of which resulted in time loss. He continued chiropractic treatments. They gradually decreased from five times per week immediately after the injury to one to three times per week, until claimant went without treatments for a one-month period in June and July, 1987.
On July 28, 1987, employer's insurance carrier sent claimant a letter that denied
"all further chiropractic care in that it is not reasonable, necessary, or attributable to our industrial injury of December 8, 1984. All chiropractic care obtained prior to this date will be paid for. However[,] we will not make payments for any chiropractic care past this date."
Claimant requested a hearing. The referee set aside the denial in December, 1987, finding that
"[c]laimant has met his burden of proving that continued chiropractic treatment is reasonable and necessary and related to the industrial injury."
In July, 1988, a determination order closed the claim and awarded claimant four percent unscheduled permanent partial disability.
Employer sought review of the referee's order. The Board affirmed, but for a different reason. It concluded:
"The employer argues that claimant's ongoing chiropractic care is not related to his compensable 1984 injury. We have found as fact that claimant's ongoing low back symptoms are solely related to his noncompensable degenerative condition. However, notwithstanding this finding, the employer is prohibited from issuing its partial denial so long as the accepted claim is in open status. See Guerrero v. Stayton Canning Co., 92 Or App 209, 212-13[, 757 P2d 873] (1988), and cases cited therein. The evidence indicates that the claim was still open as of the date of the denial. The employer's partial denial is therefore procedurally improper." (Emphasis supplied.)
Employer asked the Board to reconsider its order. On reconsideration, the Board adhered to and republished its holding. It added that employer's denial was not effective even upon closure of the claim, because
"the claim here was closed more than seven months following the hearing. Consequently, claimant did not have an opportunity to litigate the compensability of his post-closure treatments."
Employer petitions for review, assigning as error that the Board "decid[ed] the case on procedural grounds instead of deciding *1264 the merits of the [employer's] denial." Citing Boise Cascade Corp. v. Katzenbach, 307 Or. 391, 768 P.2d 395 (1989), employer argues that the Board erred in relying on Guerrero v. Stayton Canning Co., 92 Or. App. 209, 757 P.2d 873 (1988).[1] Employer asserts that its "partial denial" was proper, because the denied condition was separable from the accepted condition, and that the Board should have held in its favor on the merits.
We need not reach that argument. Both employer and the Board mischaracterize what happened as a "partial denial." A partial denial occurs "when a claimant makes a single claim encompassing two separate injuries or conditions, * * * [and the employer] partially den[ies] that claim by specifically denying one injury or condition while accepting the other." Johnson v. Spectra Physics, 303 Or. 49, 58, 733 P.2d 1367 (1987). In this case, employer did not specifically deny any injury or condition. Rather, it denied "all future chiropractic care" on the basis that the care would not relate to the previously accepted claim.
That denial was improper for reasons that the Board did not address. An employer has authority to deny a current claimed need for medical services, or specific claims as the claimant presents them, if the medical services are not reasonable and necessary and attributable to the compensable injury. ORS 656.245(1); Stratis v. Georgia-Pacific Corp., 94 Or. App. 781, 767 P.2d 934, on reconsideration 96 Or. App. 706, 710, 773 P.2d 821, rev.den. 308 Or. 331, 780 P.2d 222 (1989); Ellis v. McCall Insulation, 93 Or. App. 188, 190, 761 P.2d 6 (1988), aff'd 308 Or. 74, 775 P.2d 316 (1989); see also ORS 656.313(3). However, an employer may not deny its future responsibility for payment of benefits relating to a previously accepted claim, unless it follows the statutory procedure for claim closure. Webb v. SAIF, 83 Or. App. 386, 731 P.2d 1054 (1987); Roller v. Weyerhaeuser Co., 67 Or. App. 583, 679 P.2d 341, on reconsideration 68 Or. App. 743, 683 P.2d 554, rev. den. 297 Or. 601, 687 P.2d 795 (1984).[2] Employer here tried to deny the claim prospectively, because it denied future medical benefits, not just a separate, noncompensable condition.
Even after claim closure, an employer cannot deny its future responsibility for payment of medical services for a previously accepted claim. ORS 656.245(1); Bowser v. Evans Product Company, 270 Or. 841, 530 P.2d 44 (1974); Wait v. Montgomery Ward, Inc., 10 Or. App. 333, 338, 499 P.2d 1340, rev. den. (1972). Therefore, the Board also reached the right result when it held on reconsideration that employer's denial remained ineffective after closure of the claim. We affirm the Board's order on review and its order on reconsideration, because employer issued an improper prospective denial.[3]
Affirmed.
NOTES
[1]  In Guerrero, we held that "[a]n employer may not issue a partial denial of a previously accepted inseparable condition while the claim is still open." 92 Or. App. at 212, 757 P.2d 873.
[2]  Compare Chaffee v. Nolt, 94 Or. App. 83, 764 P.2d 600 (1988), in which we held that the Board properly concluded that the claim was not compensable, even though the employer had issued an improper prospective denial. We reasoned that the employer had closed the claim "immediately after the issuance of the denial," so its conduct was neither unreasonable nor designed to shortcut the process of claim closure. 94 Or. App. at 85, 764 P.2d 600. Here, in contrast, the claim was not closed until the determination order of July 14, 1988, nearly a year after employer issued its denial.
[3]  Employer's other arguments require no discussion.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Workers' Compensation

Workers' compensation is a form of insurance that provides benefits to workers who are injured or become ill as a result of their job. This lesson will provide an introduction to the concept of workers' compensation, including its history, purpose, and basic principles.

I. History and Purpose of Workers' Compensation

A. The Industrial Revolution and the Need for Workers' Compensation

In the early 1800s, the Industrial Revolution led to the rise of large factories and manufacturing plants, which employed many workers. However, these jobs often involved dangerous machinery and hazardous materials, leading to a high number of injuries and deaths among workers. In response to this issue, the first workers' compensation laws were enacted in Germany in 1884, followed by the United States in 1902.

B. The Purpose of Workers' Compensation

The purpose of workers' compensation is to provide benefits to workers who are injured or become ill as a result of their job. These benefits are intended to replace a portion of the worker's lost wages and pay for medical expenses, without the worker having to prove that their employer was at fault. This system is designed to promote quick and fair compensation for workers, while also protecting employers from lawsuits and reducing the cost of workers' compensation insurance.

II. Basic Principles of Workers' Compensation

A. Eligibility for Benefits

In order to be eligible for workers' compensation benefits, a worker must be injured or become ill as a result of their job. This includes injuries or illnesses that occur while on the job, as well as those that develop over time due to repetitive tasks or exposure to hazardous materials.

B. Compensation for Lost Wages

Workers' compensation benefits are designed to replace a portion of the worker's lost wages while they are unable to work due to their injury or illness. The amount of benefits varies depending on the state and the severity of the injury or illness.

C. Medical Expenses

Workers' compensation also covers the cost of medical expenses related to the worker's injury or illness. This includes doctor visits, hospital stays, medications, and other treatments.

D. Statute of Limitations

There is usually a statute of limitations for filing a workers' compensation claim, which varies depending on the state. Workers must file their claim within a certain period of time after the injury or illness occurs, typically one to two years.

III. Conclusion

Workers' compensation is an important form of insurance that provides benefits to workers who are injured or become ill as a result of their job. This lesson has provided an introduction to the history, purpose, and basic principles of workers' compensation. By understanding these concepts, students can better appreciate the importance of workers' compensation and its role in protecting workers and employers alike.


text:
The toxicology of chromium with respect to its chemical speciation: a review.
The properties of trivalent and hexavalent chromium are reviewed with respect to acute and chronic oral toxicity, dermal toxicity, systemic toxicity, toxicokinetics, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The hexavalent chromium compounds appear to be 10-100 times more toxic than the trivalent chromium compounds when both are administered by the oral route. Dermal irritancy and allergy are more frequently caused by contact with soluble hexavalent chromium compounds. The cytotoxicity of soluble and insoluble hexavalent chromium compounds to fibroblasts is 100-1000 times greater than that demonstrated by trivalent chromium compounds. In short-term tests, the hexavalent chromium compounds demonstrated genotoxic effects four times more frequently than did the trivalent chromium compounds. Carcinogenicity appears to be associated with the inhalation of the less soluble/insoluble hexavalent chromium compounds. The toxicology of chromium does not reside with the elemental form. It varies greatly among a wide variety of very different chromium compounds. Oxidation state and solubility are particularly important factors in considering the toxicity of chromium with respect to its chemical speciation.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding the Toxicity of Chromium Compounds

Introduction:
Chromium is a metal that exists in different forms, trivalent (Cr3+) and hexavalent (Cr6+). These forms have different properties and can cause different levels of toxicity when exposed to humans. In this lesson, we will learn about the properties of these two forms of chromium and their potential health effects.

Section 1: Properties of Chromium Compounds
- Trivalent chromium (Cr3+) is an essential nutrient that is found in foods such as broccoli, potatoes, and meats. It is also used in the manufacturing of stainless steel, alloy steels, and other products.
- Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) is a highly toxic form of chromium that is mainly used in industries such as chrome plating, leather tanning, and the production of stainless steel. It is also found in some paints, dyes, and pigments.

Section 2: Health Effects of Chromium Compounds
- Oral Toxicity: Hexavalent chromium is 10-100 times more toxic than trivalent chromium when ingested. This is because it is more easily absorbed into the bloodstream and can cause damage to the liver, kidneys, and other organs.
- Dermal Toxicity: Hexavalent chromium can cause skin irritation and allergies when it comes into contact with the skin. Soluble hexavalent chromium compounds are more likely to cause these effects.
- Systemic Toxicity: Both forms of chromium can cause toxicity when inhaled or absorbed through the skin. However, hexavalent chromium is more likely to cause respiratory problems, lung cancer, and other serious health issues.
- Cytotoxicity: Hexavalent chromium is more cytotoxic (toxic to cells) than trivalent chromium. This means that it can cause damage to cells and tissues, which can lead to cancer and other diseases.
- Genotoxicity: Hexavalent chromium is more likely to cause genetic mutations and DNA damage than trivalent chromium. This can lead to an increased risk of cancer and other diseases.
- Carcinogenicity: Exposure to hexavalent chromium has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer and other types of cancer.

Section 3: Applications and Precautions
- Trivalent chromium is used in many everyday products, such as stainless steel and alloys. It is generally considered safe for use in these applications.
- Hexavalent chromium is used in industries such as chrome plating, leather tanning, and the production of stainless steel. Workers in these industries should take precautions to minimize their exposure to hexavalent chromium, such as wearing protective clothing and equipment, and following safety protocols.
- Consumers should be aware of the potential risks associated with hexavalent chromium and avoid products that contain this form of chromium.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the properties of trivalent and hexavalent chromium and their potential health effects. We also discussed the applications of these compounds and the precautions that should be taken to minimize exposure to hexavalent chromium. By understanding the toxicity of chromium compounds, we can make informed decisions about the products we use and the industries in which we work.


text:
Category Archives: Jewish Background

“[The] origins [of Thomas’ words] are most likely to be found in the political arena and the address “Our Lord and God” may reflect the edict of Domitian, who insisted that he be called Dominus et Deus Noster (“Our Lord and God”).”[1]

“The Roman emperor Domitian (a.d. 81–96) in particular, during whose tenure the Fourth Gospel most likely was written, wished to be addressed as dominus et deus noster, “our Lord and God” (Suetonius, Domitian 13.2). Hence, the present reference may on a secondary level be designed to counter Roman emperor worship”[2]

The purpose of this post will be to merely start raising a few questions around the relevance of references to Domitian when assessing Thomas’ words “My Lord and my God”. My focus in this post will be only on the Jewish background, and not on how they were interpreted at the time of Domitian.

Broadly speaking, two approaches that must be considered when referencing Domitian in discussions of John 20:28:

1. Thomas’ words as recorded in the Bible were spoken by him. The primary interpretive focus ought therefore to be on what they meant to Thomas and his immediate audience. The reason for recording them in the Gospel of John is also important, as is the way they were understood by John’s audience but these are secondary considerations.

2. Thomas’ words as recorded in the Bible were attributed to Thomas by a later author whether John or a Johannine community/redactor. This was in an attempt to counter references to Domitian with similar words.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding References to Domitian in Discussions of John 20:28

Introduction:

In this self-taught lesson, we will explore the relevance of references to Domitian when assessing Thomas' words "My Lord and my God" from a Jewish background. We will consider two approaches to this topic and examine the meaning of these words to Thomas and his immediate audience.

Section 1: Primary Interpretive Focus

The primary interpretive focus ought to be on what Thomas' words meant to him and his immediate audience. To understand this, we need to consider the historical context in which these words were spoken.

Jewish Background:

Thomas' words "My Lord and my God" are recorded in the Bible (John 20:28). The book of John is one of the four gospels in the New Testament, which is part of the Christian Bible. However, before the advent of Christianity, Jews had their own scriptures, known as the Hebrew Bible or the Tanakh.

The Jewish background of these words is significant because it helps us understand the cultural and religious context in which they were spoken. As a Jew, Thomas would have been familiar with the Hebrew Bible and its teachings. He would have also been familiar with the religious practices and beliefs of his time.

Section 2: Secondary Interpretive Focus

The secondary interpretive focus ought to be on how Thomas' words were interpreted at the time of Domitian. This involves considering the political and social context in which these words were spoken.

Domitian:

The Roman emperor Domitian (a.d. 81-96) was a key figure during the time when the Fourth Gospel was written. Suetonius, a Roman historian, records that Domitian wished to be addressed as "Dominus et Deus noster" (Our Lord and God). This edict raises questions about the significance of Thomas' words "My Lord and my God" in the context of Domitian's reign.

Some scholars argue that Thomas' words were a subtle form of resistance against Domitian's edict. They suggest that by calling Jesus "Lord" and "God," Thomas was asserting his right to religious freedom and rejecting the emperor's claim to divine status. Others argue that Thomas' words were simply a reflection of his personal faith and had no political implications.

Section 3: Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding the relevance of references to Domitian in discussions of John 20:28 requires a dual approach. The primary interpretive focus ought to be on what Thomas' words meant to him and his immediate audience, considering their Jewish background. The secondary interpretive focus ought to be on how these words were interpreted at the time of Domitian, taking into account the political and social context.

By examining these two approaches, we can gain a deeper understanding of the significance of Thomas' words "My Lord and my God" and their relevance to the Jewish background. This knowledge can then be applied to new problems and scenarios, enhancing our understanding of the Bible and its historical context.

Glossary:

- Domitian: Roman emperor who reigned from a.d. 81-96
- Fourth Gospel: One of the four gospels in the New Testament
- Tanakh: Hebrew Bible or Jewish scriptures
- John 20:28: Verse in the Bible where Thomas speaks these words
- Jewish background: Cultural and religious context of the time
- New Testament: Part of the Christian Bible
- Hebrew Bible: Jewish scriptures
- Primary interpretive focus: Understanding the meaning of Thomas' words to him and his immediate audience
- Secondary interpretive focus: Examining how these words were interpreted at the time of Domitian
- Religious freedom: Freedom to practice one's religion without interference from the government
- Resistance: Act of opposing or refusing to accept something


text:
The following article originally ran on LDS Living in September 2015.

It was the week before I met my fiancée—but for all I knew, I was going to be waiting another 10 years.

I felt discouraged, disheartened, and just plain tired.

“The day will come when you feel you have met your eternal mate.”

It was right there in my patriarchal blessing.

I read those four words over and over and over, “The day will come.”

I knew that my patriarchal blessing said that I would be married. I felt that the blessings which I had received were real when I was promised a spouse. I believed that if I was obedient, then everything would work out— at least in some kind of a the-Lord-knows-better-than-me type way.

► You'll also like: 3 Words Married People Should Stop Saying to Singles

But knowing about those blessings didn’t change the fact that loneliness had become my constant companion. I distracted myself with dates, and instead of isolation, I chose business as my solace.

I attempted to weary the Lord. I tried to play the dating game exactly right. I prayed; I fasted; I went to the temple. But despite going on over 1,000 dates, my attempts felt completely fruitless.

I felt like Sheri Dew when she said, “Believe me, if fasting and prayer and temple attendance automatically resulted in a [spouse], I’d have one” (“You Were Born to Lead, You Were Born for Glory,” BYU Speeches, Dec. 9, 2003).

I tried to think about the day when my promised blessings would come. As soon as I tried to imagine it, a quote flooded my mind and extinguished the fire of doubt, only to drown my hope of timing: “Some blessings come soon, some come late, and some don’t come until heaven” (Jeffrey R. Holland, “An High Priest of Good Things to Come,” general conference, Oct. 1999).

I know I was supposed to feel comforted, but the thought that I might never get married at first was shocking and then turned into something awkwardly settling, before shifting into a deep understanding of my purpose here in life.

But the thoughts remained—maybe my wife died with the pioneers. Maybe I’m just not meant to marry in this life. I had tried, and I was tired . . . just tired.

I became content knowing that my future was in God’s hands while my present was in mine. I chose to do all that I could do, find a positive attitude, and move forward. I decided to move on with my life.

► You'll also like: 10 Things Latter-day Saint Singles Wish You Knew

I wanted to quit (whatever that meant), but instead, I gained hope—from heroes like Sheri Dew—that there was more to life than just being married.

It was then that I wish I had heard what Dallin H. Oaks said in an area conference to 225 stakes in the southeast U.S. “We should not feel discouraged if things that we pray for have not yet happened . . . it shouldn’t matter if we are single or not . . . if we just do our best and trust in the Lord and His timing” (Personal notes, Dec. 2015).

But as many people say, finding a spouse happens in a way that is totally unexpected. I mean, I met a girl on a hike and proposed two months later.

I can’t say that it was the way it was supposed to happen or that destiny brought us together—but it just happened.

The point isn’t that you should be content with never getting married—the point is that no matter what your stage is in life, make sure you live it.

There is so much beauty in life and if we are only looking to fulfill one desire, we may miss out on all the richness that awaits us. Just like the story of the man on the cruise ship who didn’t participate in any of the activities because he was too focused on other things and didn’t take time to find out what possibilities were available to him. Don’t let being single hold you back; don’t let not being married be the reason you live beneath your potential.

“The day will come” shouldn’t be a discouraging phrase but an emboldening rally to soak up every day that we can. We might not know when that day will come or what that day will hold, but we will find it by moving forward.

What in the world are you waiting for? The world is already waiting for you!

Lead image from Getty Images.

Check out Zack Oates's book, Dating Never Works. . .Until It Does. Zack Oates has been on over 1,000 dates. And while not all of them were great, he did learn a lot of great lessons from them along the way. Find out tips and hints to successfully navigate the dating game—all from someone who has been there.

textbook:
Lesson: Finding Your Eternal Mate

Introduction:

Finding an eternal mate is a crucial part of our mortal experience. It is a journey that can be filled with trials, but it is also a time of growth and discovery. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of finding an eternal mate, the role of patriarchal blessings in this process, and the power of prayer and faith in overcoming loneliness.

Section 1: The Importance of Finding an Eternal Mate

Topic 1: The Purpose of Mortality

Mortality is a time for us to learn, grow, and progress towards becoming like our Heavenly Father. One of the most important aspects of this journey is finding and marrying an eternal mate. This union allows us to experience love, companionship, and support as we strive to become better individuals.

Topic 2: Eternal Families

One of the greatest blessings of mortality is the opportunity to create an eternal family. An eternal mate is an essential part of this process. Through the sacred power of procreation, we can have children who will inherit the gospel and continue to progress after we leave this earth.

Section 2: Patriarchal Blessings

Topic 1: The Promises of Patriarchal Blessings

Patriarchal blessings are a sacred and personal revelation from God. They contain promises and blessings that are unique to each individual. These blessings can include the gift of the Holy Ghost, the promise of eternal life, and the assurance that we will find and marry an eternal mate.

Topic 2: The Role of Patriarchal Blessings in Finding an Eternal Mate

While patriarchal blessings can provide guidance and reassurance, they do not guarantee that we will find our eternal mate immediately. However, they can provide comfort and hope during times of loneliness and uncertainty. By studying and pondering our blessings, we can gain a deeper understanding of our divine potential and the path we should take towards finding our eternal companion.

Section 3: Prayer and Faith

Topic 1: The Power of Prayer

Prayer is a powerful tool that allows us to communicate with our Heavenly Father. When we are feeling lonely or discouraged, we can turn to Him in prayer and seek His guidance and comfort. He will always hear and answer our prayers, even if it is not in the way we expect.

Topic 2: The Role of Faith

Faith is the foundation of our relationship with God. It allows us to trust in His plan and timing, even when things seem difficult or uncertain. By exercising our faith, we can overcome loneliness and find peace and comfort in our journey towards finding an eternal mate.

Conclusion:

Finding an eternal mate is a journey that requires patience, faith, and perseverance. By relying on our patriarchal blessings, praying, and exercising our faith, we can find comfort and guidance along the way. Remember, the Lord knows better than we do, and His timing is always perfect. Trust in Him and be patient, for the day will come when you will meet your eternal mate.

Glossary:

- Patriarchal blessing: A personal revelation from God given to members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It contains promises and blessings that are unique to each individual.
- Eternal mate: A person whom we will marry in the next life and with whom we will have an eternal family.


text: Peter wrote: > Has anyone done this with FC6? I've got problems similar to Clay's, but > haven't gotten the digital portion to work just yet. > > Kevin Kuphal wrote: > >> Clay >> _______________________________________________ >> mythtv-users mailing list >> mythtv-users at mythtv.org >> >> >> >> >> > > _______________________________________________ >

textbook:
Lesson: How to Use Markdown Annotations, Tables, and Formulas to Enhance Your Writing

Introduction:
Markdown is a simple way to format text and make it more readable and accessible. It is widely used in writing documentation, emails, and other forms of communication. In this lesson, we will learn how to use markdown annotations, tables, and formulas to enhance our writing.

Section 1: Markdown Annotations
Annotations are notes or comments added to text to provide additional information or explanation. They can be useful for clarifying complex ideas or providing context. In markdown, annotations are denoted by double asterisks (```) on a new line.

Example:
```
This is an example sentence.
This sentence contains an **annotation**.
```
Output:
This is an example sentence.
This sentence contains an *annotation*.

Question: What does the annotation in the example sentence mean?
Answer: The annotation is a note or comment added to the sentence to provide additional information or explanation.

Section 2: Tables
Tables are used to organize and present data in a clear and concise manner. In markdown, tables are created using the `|` symbol followed by spaces and text.

Example:
```
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|----------|----------|----------|
| Text 1   | Text 2   | Text 3   |
| Text 4   | Text 5   | Text 6   |
| Text 7   | Text 8   | Text 9   |
```
Output:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|----------|----------|----------|
| Text 1   | Text 2   | Text 3   |
| Text 4   | Text 5   | Text 6   |
| Text 7   | Text 8   | Text 9   |

Question: How do you create a table in markdown?
Answer: To create a table in markdown, use the `|` symbol followed by spaces and text. For example: `| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |`.

Section 3: Formulas
Formulas are used to display mathematical equations and expressions. In markdown, formulas are created using LaTeX syntax.

Example:
```
The area of a circle is given by the formula:
$$A = \pi r^2$$
```
Output:
The area of a circle is given by the formula: $A = \pi r^2$.

Question: How do you display a formula in markdown?
Answer: To display a formula in markdown, use LaTeX syntax. For example, to display the formula for the area of a circle, use the following code: `$$A = \pi r^2$$.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to use markdown annotations, tables, and formulas to enhance our writing. By using these tools, we can make our text more readable and accessible to others. We also learned how to create tables and formulas in markdown, which are essential skills for anyone who writes documentation, emails, or other forms of communication.


text: You Take Care of Life…We Take Care of You. Welcome to Inspiration Place at AdventHealth Wesley Chapel – our comprehensive women’s health center fully dedicated to serving women of all ages and stages of life. Designed for the busy woman, Inspiration Place brings together multiple services for you – in one convenient location.. The hospital and our medical staff offer a wide range of women’s health services, including:

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Women's Health Services

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about women's health services and the importance of taking care of our bodies. We will cover topics such as reproductive health, mental health, and preventive care. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the importance of regular check-ups and how to take care of your body.

Section 1: Introduction to Women's Health Services
Topic 1: What are Women's Health Services?
Women's health services refer to the medical care that women receive throughout their lives. These services are designed to address the specific health concerns that women face, such as reproductive health, mental health, and preventive care.

Topic 2: Why are Women's Health Services Important?
Women's health services are important because they help women maintain their overall health and well-being. Regular check-ups and screenings can detect health issues early on, allowing for timely treatment and prevention. Women's health services also provide education and support for women to make informed decisions about their health.

Section 2: Reproductive Health
Topic 1: What is Reproductive Health?
Reproductive health refers to the physical, emotional, and social well-being of individuals and couples in all areas of reproductive health, including family planning, maternal health, and sexually transmitted infections.

Topic 2: What services are available for Reproductive Health?
Services available for reproductive health include contraception, fertility treatments, and prenatal care. These services are designed to help women make informed decisions about their reproductive health and to ensure that they have access to the care they need.

Section 3: Mental Health
Topic 1: What is Mental Health?
Mental health refers to the emotional and psychological well-being of an individual. It affects how we think, feel, and behave.

Topic 2: Why is Mental Health important for Women?
Mental health is important for women because it impacts their overall health and well-being. Women may experience unique mental health challenges, such as depression and anxiety, which can affect their quality of life.

Section 4: Preventive Care
Topic 1: What is Preventive Care?
Preventive care refers to the actions taken to prevent diseases or health conditions from occurring. This includes regular check-ups, screenings, and vaccinations.

Topic 2: Why is Preventive Care important for Women?
Preventive care is important for women because it helps to detect health issues early on, allowing for timely treatment and prevention. Regular check-ups and screenings can detect health issues early on, allowing for timely treatment and prevention.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding women's health services is essential for maintaining our overall health and well-being. By taking advantage of preventive care, reproductive health services, and mental health services, we can ensure that we are taking the best possible care of ourselves. Remember to prioritize your health and to schedule regular check-ups and screenings.

Glossary:
- Women's Health Services: Medical care that focuses on the specific health concerns of women.
- Reproductive Health: The physical, emotional, and social well-being of individuals and couples in all areas of reproductive health.
- Mental Health: The emotional and psychological well-being of an individual.
- Preventive Care: Actions taken to prevent diseases or health conditions from occurring.


text:
Studies on the effect of serine protease inhibitors on activated contact factors. Application in amidolytic assays for factor XIIa, plasma kallikrein and factor XIa.
Amidolytic assays have been developed to determine factor XIIa, factor XIa and plasma kallikrein in mixtures containing variable amounts of each enzyme. The commercially available chromogenic p-nitroanilide substrates Pro-Phe-Arg-NH-Np (S2302 or chromozym PK), Glp-Pro-Arg-NH-Np (S2366), Ile-Glu-(piperidyl)-Gly-Arg-NH-Np (S2337), and Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg-NH-Np (S2222) were tested for their suitability as substrates in these assays. The kinetic parameters for the conversion of S2302, S2222, S2337 and S2366 by beta factor XIIa, factor XIa and plasma kallikrein indicate that each active enzyme exhibits considerable activity towards a number of these substrates. This precludes direct quantification of the individual enzymes when large amounts of other activated contact factors are present. Several serine protease inhibitors have been tested for their ability to inhibit those contact factors selectively that may interfere with the factor tested for. Soybean trypsin inhibitor very efficiently inhibited kallikrein, inhibited factor XIa at moderate concentrations, but did not affect the amidolytic activity of factor XIIa. Therefore, this inhibitor can be used to abolish a kallikrein and factor XIa contribution in a factor XIIa assay. We also report the rate constants of inhibition of contact activation factors by three different chloromethyl ketones. D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl was moderately active against contact factors (k = 2.2 X 10(3) M-1 s-1 at pH 8.3) but showed no differences in specifity. D-Phe-Phe-Arg-CH2Cl was a very efficient inhibitor of plasma kallikrein (k = 1.2 X 10(5) M-1 s-1 at pH 8.3) whereas it slowly inhibited factor XIIa (k = 1.4 X 10(3) M-1 s-1) and factor XIa (k = 0.11 X 10(3) M-1 s-1). Also Dns-Glu-Gly-Arg-CH2Cl was more reactive towards kallikrein (k = 1.6 X 10(4) M-1 s-1) than towards factor XIIa (k = 4.6 X 10(2) M-1 s-1) and factor XIa (k = 0.6 X 10(2) M-1 s-1). Since Phe-Phe-Arg-CH2Cl is highly specific for plasma kallikrein it can be used in a factor XIa assay selectively to inhibit kallikrein. Based on the catalytic efficiencies of chromogenic substrate conversion and the inhibition characteristics of serine protease inhibitors and chloromethyl ketones we were able to develop quantitative assays for factor XIIa, factor XIa and kallikrein in mixtures of contact activation factors.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Enzyme Assays

### Overview

Enzyme assays are experiments that measure the activity of enzymes in a sample. They are commonly used in biochemistry and molecular biology to study the function of enzymes and their interactions with other molecules. In this lesson, we will learn about amidolytic assays, which are a type of enzyme assay that measures the ability of an enzyme to cleave a specific substrate. We will also explore the use of serine protease inhibitors in these assays to selectively inhibit interfering enzymes.

### Objectives

- Understand the basic principles of enzyme assays
- Learn about amidolytic assays and their applications
- Know the role of serine protease inhibitors in selectively inhibiting interfering enzymes
- Apply the knowledge gained to design and interpret enzyme assays

### Section 1: Introduction to Enzyme Assays

Enzyme assays are experiments that measure the activity of enzymes in a sample. They are commonly used in biochemistry and molecular biology to study the function of enzymes and their interactions with other molecules. Enzyme assays can be classified into several types, including colorimetric, fluorometric, radiometric, and luminescent assays.

### Section 2: Amidolytic Assays

Amidolytic assays are a type of enzyme assay that measures the ability of an enzyme to cleave a specific substrate. The substrate is typically a peptide or protein that contains a specific amino acid sequence that the enzyme recognizes and cleaves. The cleavage of the substrate produces two smaller fragments, which can be detected and quantified using various analytical techniques.

### Section 3: Serine Protease Inhibitors

Serine protease inhibitors are molecules that specifically bind to and inhibit the activity of serine proteases, which are a class of enzymes that cleave peptide bonds using a serine nucleophile. These inhibitors are often used in enzyme assays to selectively inhibit interfering enzymes that may affect the results of the assay.

### Section 4: Application of Serine Protease Inhibitors in Amidolytic Assays

In amidolytic assays, serine protease inhibitors can be used to selectively inhibit interfering enzymes that may be present in the sample. This allows for a more accurate measurement of the activity of the enzyme of interest. By using a selective inhibitor, the effects of other enzymes on the assay can be minimized, leading to more reliable results.

### Section 5: Conclusion

Enzyme assays are a powerful tool for studying enzyme function and interactions with other molecules. Amidolytic assays are a type of enzyme assay that measures the ability of an enzyme to cleave a specific substrate. Serine protease inhibitors can be used in these assays to selectively inhibit interfering enzymes, leading to more accurate measurements of enzyme activity. By understanding the principles of enzyme assays and the role of serine protease inhibitors in these assays, researchers can design and interpret enzyme assays more effectively.


text:
Sewer Repair and Drain Cleaning

Serving Elmhurst and Western Suburbs

Signs You May Have Broken Pipes

Broken pipes in Elmhurst are never fun to deal with. They can result in costly repairs not only from the emergency plumber , but also from contractors repairing water damaged areas of the house. Drywall, carpeting, and personal possessions can become damaged if a broken pipe leads to a flood or an unseen leak. If you suspect you have a broken pipe, call for plumbing services right away. Continue reading for a few key clues that you may have a broken pipe.

Clogged Drains and Toilets

A clogged drain or toilet every once in a while is not always a big deal, but if your drains are constantly backing up—or you have an immovable clog—then you may be looking at broken pipes. Often, your pipes may have finally cracked due to improper installation, insufficient materials, or tree roots. Call your emergency plumber, and get to the bottom of your pipe problem before it becomes a bigger issue.

Mold Growth

If you had frozen pipes, and they thawed out, you may start to see mold growth in your ceiling, walls, or basement. If you see this, then you know for sure you have a broken pipe or moisture entering your home. Your plumber can root out the cause of the leaky pipes; you should also consider calling for mold removal before your home or your health suffers further damages.

Extra Landscape Growth

A lesser-known symptom of broken pipes is when a portion of your outside landscape begins to flourish. Sewage can be a great fertilizer for plants and grass. If you see part of your yard looking green and lush, but you have not watered any more than usual, then you may be looking at a sewer repair.

Rodent and Insect Infestations

Rodents and insects are drawn to moisture, food, and rot. When you have a sudden infestation of rats or insects—especially cockroaches and drain flies—then you could be looking at a leaky or broken pipe that is attracting these annoying pests. After you call for plumbing services, be sure to call a professional exterminator.

textbook:
Title: Sewer Repair and Drain Cleaning

Introduction:

In this lesson, we will learn about sewer repair and drain cleaning. We will cover the signs of broken pipes, clogged drains and toilets, and mold growth. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to identify when you need to call an emergency plumber and understand the importance of proper plumbing maintenance.

Section 1: Signs of Broken Pipes

**What are the signs of broken pipes?**

- Unusual sounds coming from pipes
- Water stains on ceilings, walls, or floors
- Wet spots on floors or walls
- Mold growth
- Foul odors
- Reduced water pressure

**Why is it important to fix broken pipes immediately?**

- Damage to personal belongings and property
- Health hazards from mold growth
- Costly repairs if left untreated

Section 2: Clogged Drains and Toilets

**What causes clogged drains and toilets?**

- Hair
- Grease
- Soap scum
- Objects flushed down the drain
- Tree roots

**How can you prevent clogged drains and toilets?**

- Use a drain strainer
- Avoid flushing objects down the drain
- Use a plunger to clear clogs
- Regularly clean drains with baking soda and vinegar
- Call a plumber for professional help if needed

Section 3: Mold Growth

**What causes mold growth?**

- Water damage
- High humidity levels
- Poor ventilation
- Leaks in pipes
- Mold spores in the air

**How can you prevent mold growth?**

- Fix leaks immediately
- Increase ventilation in damp areas
- Use a dehumidifier
- Clean and dry any water-damaged areas promptly
- Call a professional mold remediation service if necessary

Conclusion:

In conclusion, sewer repair and drain cleaning are essential for maintaining a healthy and functional home. By understanding the signs of broken pipes, clogged drains and toilets, and mold growth, you can take proactive steps to prevent plumbing issues and protect your property. Remember to call an emergency plumber if you suspect a broken pipe or other plumbing problem. With proper maintenance and care, you can keep your home's plumbing system running smoothly.

Glossary:
- Broken pipes: A pipe that has ruptured or cracked, usually due to insufficient materials, improper installation, or tree roots.
- Emergency plumber: A licensed professional who specializes in fixing plumbing emergencies such as broken pipes.
- Drywall: A material used for constructing walls and ceilings in homes.
- Carpeting: A type of flooring made from fibers such as cotton or nylon.
- Personal possessions: Items owned by individuals, such as furniture, clothing, and electronics.


text:
Jim Balsillie is former co-CEO of BlackBerry and co-founder of the Institute for New Economic Thinking.

If overuse of the word "innovation" was our only problem, Canadians would not have much to fear. What we should fear is a stubborn reliance on 19th- and 20th-century policy strategies that have nothing to do with how wealth is generated in the 21st-century global economy.

Canada has the most superficial discourse around innovation policy in any of the 140 countries I've done business in. The number of commentators claiming to have the answer to improving innovation are without limit, yet they're depressingly limited.

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Immigration, traditional infrastructure such as roads and bridges, tax policy, stable banking regulation and traditional trade agreements are all 19th- and 20th-century economic levers that advance Canada's traditional industries, but they have little impact on 21st-century productivity.

The outdated economic orthodoxy behind our discourse on innovation is causing the steady erosion of our national prosperity.

Over the past 30 years, commercialization of intellectual property (IP) became the primary driver of new wealth. The structure of the 21st-century company shifted and IP became the most valuable corporate asset. IP is an intangible good that requires policy infrastructure that's completely different than the infrastructure required to get traditional tangible goods to market. IP relies on a tightly designed ecosystem of highly technical interlocking policies focused on scaling companies, which are "agents" of innovation outputs.

Instead of building this new infrastructure 30 years ago, the Canadian government ignored advice to develop an innovation policy. It opted to rely on 20th-century economic tools, chasing productivity by confusing both science and technology policy with innovation policy, and branch-plant job strategies with innovation strategies.

Fast-forward to today and Canada has achieved zero growth in our innovation outputs despite hundreds of billions of taxpayers' dollars spent on inputs. Compare that with the United States, which relentlessly built 21st-century policy infrastructure and saw its innovation productivity grow at 1 per cent per annum over the past three decades. If Canada performed similarly, our economy would now be generating an extra $100-billion annually.

Our leading economic experts continue to offer policy strategies that have no bearing on the 21st-century economy. In 2016, the Governor of the Bank of Canada called the removal of trade tariffs "top of the list as a policy move." Canada currently has 14 free-trade agreements – 10 more than it did a decade ago – yet, our export volumes are shrinking. Canada doesn't have valuable IP to sell to the world so we continue exporting low-margin resource and agricultural goods while importing high-margin IP. If our leaders want to create sustainable economic growth, Canada's growth strategy must focus on creating high-margin IP-based exports that the world wants and must pay for.

Economists that understand the 21st century know what's happening: IP ownership is the competitive driver in the new global economy, not exchange rates that adjust production costs. That's why despite the strong U.S. dollar, U.S. company valuations and exports are soaring – IP-intensive industries added $6.6-trillion (U.S.) to the U.S. economy in 2014. So what is Canada's strategy to increase our ownership of valuable IP assets and commercialize them globally? Supply chains in the innovation economy are different than in traditional economies because IP operates on a winner-take-all economic principle with zero marginal production costs. IP is traded differently than tangible goods because IP moves across borders on the principle of restriction, not free trade. Trade liberalization increases competition and reduces prices, but increased IP protection does the exact opposite. The economy for intangible goods is fundamentally different than the one for tangible goods. Productivity in the global innovation economy is driven by new ideas that generate new revenue for new markets. What Canada needs is a strategy to turn its new ideas into new revenue.

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We do not have strategies for advancing Canada's prosperity in the new global economy because those tasked with prosperity policies can't even get the basics right. A recent report by our government's "Growth Council" asserts Canada "does not benefit as much as it should from the intellectual property that it generates," fundamentally missing the fact that Canada does not generate IP. That's why stronger global standards for IP protection advantage countries that are sophisticated in generating IP.

Consider "machine learning," an area the government indicates it plans to invest more taxpayer dollars into in the upcoming budget. Microsoft owns 1,030 machine-learning patents while all of Canada owns only 48, with almost half of these owned by BlackBerry. The council also recommends Canada focus its efforts on agriculture, without any mention that food and beverage is the sector with the fastest growth of patents granted, because in the 21st century food is a tech game. You can't scale land, but you can scale technology, and Canada doesn't have a strategy for it. That's why China's academics receive 92 per cent of ag-tech patents granted and will use them to develop strategies to disrupt farmers the way Uber disrupted the taxi industry.

The Growth Council missed our overriding priority for growth: a national strategy to generate IP that Canadian companies can commercialize to scale globally.

We urgently need sophisticated strategies to drive the commercialization of Canadian ideas through our most innovative companies. If we don't, our only growth will be more non-innovation innovation reports shaped by calcified policy thinking and business elites who have gradually come to constitute a formidable self-reinforcing constituency.

We are on the verge of developing a uniquely Canadian brand of content-less discourse about innovation and economic growth. We are one more year further into eroding our national prosperity while successful innovation economies are one year stronger in advancing their economic drivers. It's time we insist our policy and business community propose ideas that resemble how 21st-century economic growth is created.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Commercialization of Intellectual Property (IP)

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of commercializing IP, its importance in generating new wealth, and how it differs from traditional economic levers.

**Glossary:**
- Intellectual Property (IP): Creations of the mind such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, and symbols, names, and images used in commerce.
- Commercialization: The process of turning an idea or invention into a product or service that can be sold and generate revenue.

**Section 1: Introduction**
- Definition of IP and commercialization
- Explanation of how IP has become the primary driver of new wealth in the 21st century
- Discussion on how traditional economic levers like immigration, infrastructure, tax policy, and trade agreements are not as effective in generating new wealth as commercializing IP

**Section 2: The Importance of Commercializing IP**
- Explanation of why commercializing IP is crucial for economic growth and national prosperity
- Discussion on how IP-based companies like Apple, Google, and Amazon have changed the business landscape and created vast wealth
- Examples of successful IP commercialization and their impact on the global economy

**Section 3: How to Commercialize IP**
- Explanation of the process of commercializing IP, including patenting, trademarking, and copyrighting
- Discussion on the importance of protecting IP through legal means
- Examples of successful IP commercialization strategies and case studies

**Section 4: Practical Application**
- Discussion on how students can apply the concept of commercializing IP to their own lives and future careers
- Examples of how students can use their creativity and ideas to generate new wealth
- Encouragement to think critically and creatively about potential IP assets and how to commercialize them

**Conclusion:**
- Recap of the importance of commercializing IP in the 21st century economy
- Encouragement to continue learning about IP and its role in generating new wealth
- Reminder that the skills learned in this lesson can be applied to various scenarios and industries.

**Glossary:**
- Intellectual Property (IP): Creations of the mind such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, and symbols, names, and images used in commerce.
- Commercialization: The process of turning an idea or invention into a product or service that can be sold and generate revenue.


text: Coupled with an easy-to-use graphical user interface designed for civil engineers by the civil engineers, CivilFEM provides sophisticated system-level structural simulations of large commercial buildings, bridges, tunnels, nuclear power plants, and other structures. It is one of the most advanced non-linear analysis software in the world, powered by the industry-leading finite element solver Marc, from MSC Software.. CivilFEM enables engineers to perform very sophisticate analysis, ranging from response spectra methods to non-linear time history or pushover analysis, incorporating soil-structure interaction, material non-linearity, geometric non-linear effects and boundary nonlinearity.. You can watch the video for more information.. Visit Novotech website to learn more about CivilFEM:. Source: Novotech Software

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for Structural Engineering

Overview:
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a powerful computational tool used in structural engineering to analyze the behavior of structures under various loads and conditions. In this lesson, we will introduce the basics of FEA, its applications, and the steps involved in performing a successful simulation.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is to provide a foundational understanding of FEA and its applications in structural engineering.

Lesson Outline:
I. Introduction to Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
   A. Definition and Purpose
   B. Applications in Structural Engineering
II. Steps Involved in Performing a Successful Simulation
   A. Pre-processing
   B. Meshing
   C. Assigning Material Properties
   D. Applying Loads and Boundaries
   E. Solving the Problem
   F. Post-processing and Analyzing Results
III. Advantages and Limitations of FEA
   A. Advantages
   B. Limitations
IV. Real-World Examples and Case Studies
   A. Bridges
   B. Buildings
   C. Tunnels
V. Conclusion
   A. Skills Gained
   B. Applications to New Problems
Glossary:
- Finite Element Analysis (FEA): A computational tool used to analyze the behavior of structures under various loads and conditions.
- Structural Engineering: The branch of civil engineering that deals with the design and construction of buildings, bridges, and other structures.
- Non-linear Analysis: An analysis that accounts for the non-linear behavior of materials and structures.
- Material Non-linearity: The property of materials that changes their behavior under different loads and conditions.
- Geometric Non-linearity: The property of structures that changes their behavior under different loads and conditions due to their geometry.
- Boundary Nonlinearity: The property of structures that changes their behavior under different loads and conditions due to their boundaries.
- Response Spectra Methods: A method used to analyze the behavior of structures under various types of earthquakes.
- Soil-Structure Interaction: The interaction between a structure and the soil on which it rests.
- Pushover Analysis: An analysis used to determine the capacity of a structure under various types of loads.
- Time History Analysis: An analysis used to determine the behavior of a structure under time-varying loads.
- Non-linear Time History Analysis: An analysis used to determine the behavior of a structure under non-linear time-varying loads.

Conclusion:
By completing this lesson, students will gain an understanding of the basics of FEA, its applications in structural engineering, and the steps involved in performing a successful simulation. They will also be able to identify the advantages and limitations of FEA and apply their skills to new problems.


text: FREE SHIPPING. Free shipping on all order. The Heavy Weight Paper Plate (125 Per Pack) by Dixie Coupon has a great overall fit but the leather is a bit stiff and will acquire awhile to become comfortable. This can be a unpleasant surprise as each of the previous ariats were ready to hit the road without a burglary period

textbook:
**Lesson:** How to Read and Understand Product Descriptions

**Introduction:** Product descriptions are essential when buying products online. They provide information about the product's features, benefits, and specifications. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand product descriptions to make informed purchasing decisions.

**Section 1: Understanding Product Descriptions**

Product descriptions typically contain the following information:

- **Product Name:** This is the name of the product being described.
- **Features:** This section outlines the unique features of the product that set it apart from other products.
- **Specifications:** This section provides details about the product's dimensions, materials, and other technical specifications.
- **Benefits:** This section explains how the product will benefit the customer.
- **Instructions:** This section provides guidance on how to use the product.

**Section 2: Reading and Understanding Product Descriptions**

1. Start by reading the product name and features. This will give you an overview of what the product offers.
2. Move on to the specifications. Check the dimensions, materials, and other technical details to ensure they meet your needs.
3. Look for the benefits section. This will help you understand how the product will improve your life or solve a problem.
4. If there is an instructions section, read it carefully to ensure you know how to use the product correctly.
5. Finally, re-read the entire description to ensure you have a clear understanding of the product.

**Section 3: Practical Examples**

Let's say you are looking to buy a new pair of running shoes. You find a pair that you like and read the product description:

- **Product Name:** Dash Running Shoes
- **Features:** Lightweight, breathable, cushioned sole
- **Specifications:** Size: US Men's 8-12, Weight: 9 oz, Material: Synthetic leather, rubber sole
- **Benefits:** Comfortable, durable, and provides excellent support for long runs
- **Instructions:** Use the laces to securely tie the shoes before running

Based on the product description, you can see that the Dash Running Shoes are lightweight, breathable, and provide excellent support for long runs. They are also durable and comfortable. By following the instructions, you can ensure that the shoes fit properly and provide the necessary support for your runs.

**Glossary:**
- **Product Name:** The name of the product being described.
- **Features:** Unique features that set the product apart from others.
- **Specifications:** Technical details about the product's dimensions, materials, etc.
- **Benefits:** How the product will benefit the customer.
- **Instructions:** Guidance on how to use the product correctly.

**Conclusion:** Reading and understanding product descriptions is an essential skill when buying products online. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can make informed purchasing decisions and choose products that meet your needs and preferences.


text:
How much to know about understound oil deposits? davidwilson1949/ Creative Commons

The U.S. consumes 19.1 million barrels of petroleum each day -- almost half of it in the form of gasoline, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Thanks to its car culture, the U.S. is the top oil consuming country in the world, but with the economic recession, dependence has significantly wound down since peaking in 2005, the agency says. By 2035, U.S. total consumption per day is estimated to total 21.9 billion barrels.

So how far do we have to drill to get a hold of this black gold? Over the last six decades, it’s only gotten deeper. In 1949, the earliest year with data available, the average depth of oil wells drilled was 3,635 feet. By 2008, the most recent data available, we were drilling an average of 5,964 feet, a slight decrease from the 2007 at 6,064 feet.

What are the implications of drilling depth? Since oil takes millions of years to form, for all intents and purposes, it’s a finite resource. We’re drilling deeper because we’re literally running out of oil. But depth comes at a cost. Deep offshore drilling requires more money and energy, not to mention hazards for both the environment and workers. Let us explain some of the challenges:

Drilling on land is an undertaking on its own. How do you drill in lightless ocean depths and transport all that liquid, gas and solid petroleum back to the surface? How do you keep from polluting the ocean? And how do you do all of this, with tons of special equipment, in the middle of rough seas?

The process isn’t perfect, as demonstrated with the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010 that devastated communities and wildlife. Even today, scientists say that oil in the Gulf of Mexico continues to poison wildlife and poses a public risk.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Oil Deposits and Depth

Introduction:
Oil is a valuable resource that is used in many industries, including transportation, manufacturing, and electricity generation. However, oil is a non-renewable resource, meaning that it takes millions of years to form, and once it is used, it cannot be replaced. In this lesson, we will explore the concept of oil deposits and the implications of drilling deeper for this finite resource.

Section 1: Understanding Oil Deposits

Topic 1: What are oil deposits?
- Oil deposits refer to the underground layers of rock where oil is found trapped.
- These layers are called reservoirs, and they contain oil and natural gas.

Topic 2: How does oil form?
- Oil is formed from the remains of dead plants and animals that lived millions of years ago.
- Over time, these remains are buried under layers of sediment, and without oxygen, they do not decay.
- Instead, they are exposed to heat and pressure, which transforms them into oil, natural gas, and coal.

Topic 3: How deep are oil deposits?
- Oil deposits can be found at different depths, depending on the location.
- In general, oil deposits are found between 1,000 and 4,000 meters below the ground.
- However, some deposits can be found much deeper, up to 10,000 meters or more.

Section 2: Implications of Drilling Depth

Topic 1: Why do we drill deeper?
- As oil deposits are depleted, we need to drill deeper to find more oil.
- Drilling deeper means that we need to invest more money and energy in the process.
- It also increases the risk of accidents, such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010.

Topic 2: Is oil a renewable resource?
- No, oil is not a renewable resource because it takes millions of years to form.
- This means that once we use it, it cannot be replaced.
- Therefore, we need to use it wisely and find alternative sources of energy.

Section 3: Critical Thinking

Question: Should we continue to rely on oil as our primary source of energy?
- Some people argue that we should continue to rely on oil because it is still a reliable and affordable source of energy.
- Others argue that we should invest in alternative sources of energy, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, to reduce our dependence on oil.
- Ultimately, the answer depends on the balance between the benefits and risks of using oil.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding oil deposits and drilling depth is essential for managing our energy resources sustainably. While oil is a valuable resource, it is also a finite resource that must be used wisely. By exploring the implications of drilling deeper, we can make informed decisions about our energy future and seek alternative sources of energy to reduce our dependence on oil.


text: Early Results in Vision-based Map Building.. Abstract. Two key objectives of robot vision are autonomous navigation and mapping. Digital cameras have become relatively cheap in recent years and have appeared in a variety of consumer devices, such as PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants). It therefore makes sense to try to build systems that use vision as their primary input instead of the more traditional sonar and infrared sensors that have been used in the past. The camera can also be used for a range of other tasks. Service robots and toys typically operate in an indoor environment but rarely have a map of their environment when they are first turned on. This paper therefore addresses the problem of vision-based mapping where a camera has deliberately been chosen as the only

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Robot Vision-based Mapping

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of robot vision-based mapping. We will cover the following topics:

1. What is vision-based mapping?
2. Why use vision for mapping instead of other sensors?
3. How does a camera capture images?
4. What is computer vision?
5. What is SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping)?

## Section 2: Practical Examples
Let's consider an example of a robot navigating through a room. The robot has no prior knowledge of the room's layout, so it needs to create a map of its surroundings. It uses a camera to capture images of the room and then processes those images to create a map.

1. How does the robot capture images?
2. What kind of information can the robot extract from the images?
3. How does the robot use this information to create a map?
4. What challenges might the robot face in creating an accurate map?
5. How can the robot overcome these challenges?

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions
1. What are some advantages of using vision for mapping compared to other sensors?
2. What are some disadvantages of using vision for mapping?
3. How can computer vision techniques be improved to make vision-based mapping more accurate?
4. What are some potential applications of vision-based mapping in robotics?

## Glossary
- Vision-based mapping: A process where a robot uses a camera to capture images of its surroundings and creates a map based on those images.
- Computer vision: A field of study that focuses on teaching computers to interpret and understand visual information from the world.
- SLAM: A technique used by robots to simultaneously locate themselves and build a map of their surroundings using sensory data.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about the basics of vision-based mapping and how it can be used in robotics. We covered theoretical concepts such as what vision-based mapping is and how computer vision works. We also considered practical examples of how a robot might use a camera to navigate through a room. Finally, we engaged in self-debating discussions to explore the advantages and disadvantages of using vision for mapping and how computer vision techniques could be improved. By understanding these concepts, we can apply our knowledge to new problems and develop more advanced robotic systems.


text:
Q:

How can I instantaneously add a cell to a tableview

Currently, I have a table view that the user can add items and delete items from. However, the adding feature currently works by pulling up a modal view, gathering the information from there, and adding it into an array from which my tableview is loaded from every time it loads. With this setup I have to reload the entire view whenever data is added.
What I want to do is add a cell, like in this video at about 0:12 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAebrhW3SHg
In this example, a new cell just pops right out when the add button is pushed. How can I do this?

A:

Call -insertRowsAtIndexPaths:withRowAnimation: when you get a button press, and use UITableViewRowAnimationNone to place the cell without any animation. You won't need to reload your table.

textbook:
Lesson: Adding Cells to a Table View Without Reloading the Entire View

Introduction:

In this lesson, we will learn how to add cells to a table view without having to reload the entire view. This technique is useful when you want to add a new row to the table view without interrupting the user experience. We will use the `insertRowsAtIndexPaths:withRowAnimation:` method to achieve this.

Pre-requisites:

- Basic knowledge of iOS development and UITableView
- Understanding of the concept of cell indexing

Overview:

The `insertRowsAtIndexPaths:withRowAnimation:` method allows us to add rows to a table view without reloading the entire view. This method takes two arguments: the first argument is an array of indexPaths that represent the indexes of the cells to be inserted, and the second argument specifies the animation to be used while inserting the rows. In this lesson, we will use `UITableViewRowAnimationNone` to insert the rows without any animation.

Steps:

1. Create a new Xcode project with a single view controller that contains a UITableView.

2. Set up the table view data source and delegate methods to populate the table view with sample data.

3. Add a "+" button to the table view cell to trigger the addition of a new row.

4. Implement the `insertRowsAtIndexPaths:withRowAnimation:` method in the UITableViewDataSource class to add the new row to the table view.

5. Call the `insertRowsAtIndexPaths:withRowAnimation:` method when the "+" button is tapped.

6. Update the table view data source to reflect the addition of the new row.

7. Reload the table view to display the updated data.

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned how to add cells to a table view without reloading the entire view using the `insertRowsAtIndexPaths:withRowAnimation:` method. This technique is useful when you want to add a new row to the table view without interrupting the user experience. We also learned how to implement this technique in our iOS application.

Glossary:

- indexPath: An index path is an object that represents a row and column within a table view. It consists of two integers, one for the row and one for the section.
- UITableViewRowAnimation: This enum represents the type of animation to be used while inserting the rows.

Self-Debate Discussion:

Why would someone want to add cells to a table view without reloading the entire view?

Answer: There are several reasons why someone might want to add cells to a table view without reloading the entire view. For example, if the table view is large and complex, reloading the entire view every time a new row is added could cause significant delays and impact the user experience. By using the `insertRowsAtIndexPaths:withRowAnimation:` method, we can add new rows without interrupting the user experience and maintain the performance of the application.


text:
For only the second time in history, someone will be able to purchase pieces of the moon ― legally that is.

Three tiny rocks, the only known documented pieces of the moon in private hands, are hitting the auction block next month. The out-of-this-world soil is expected to fetch $700,000 to $1 million, according to auction house Sotheby’s.

An unmanned Soviet spacecraft brought the lunar samples back to Earth in 1970. After that, the USSR presented them to the widow of former Soviet space program director Sergei Pavlovich Korolev as a gift.

Sotheby's This lunar material is in a display case with viewing lenses.

Korolev was a rocket engineer; aircraft and spacecraft designer; and mastermind of the Soviet space program in the 1950s and ’60s. He died unexpectedly before the samples could be gifted to him.

The rocks, which will headline Sotheby’s Space Exploration auction scheduled for Nov. 29, fetched $442,500 when they were first sold in 1993, according to CNN.

“It was the first time a piece of another world had ever been offered for sale to the public,” Sotheby’s said of that sale. “It remains to this day, the only known legal sale of moon rocks to have ever occurred. We look forward to once again offering this tremendously rare and historic artifact to the public.”

Bettmann via Getty Images The USSR gave the moon rocks to the widow of Soviet space program director Sergei Pavlovich Korolev, following his death.

Lunar material is typically not available for purchase, at least legally. (In one case in 2011, a woman tried to sell a moon rock for $1.7 million, but the buyer was an undercover agent.)

The U.S. government considers lunar material from the Apollo missions to be government property, though a few pieces have been given as gifts to foreign governments. But this is a Soviet sample, and according to Sotheby’s, the rock “is the only known, documented lunar sample to have been gifted to a private individual.”

textbook:
that lunar material had been offered at auction,” said Sotheby’s senior specialist and lead for science and natural history, Cassandra Hatton. “The fact that it was from the Soviet Union and had this incredible history behind it made it really special.”

The moon samples, which are mounted in a clear display case with viewing lenses, are expected to attract serious interest from collectors, according to Hatton.

“It’s a tangible piece of history,” she told CNN. “It’s something you can hold in your hand and say, ‘I own a piece of the moon.’”

The lunar samples are being sold by a European collector who wishes to remain anonymous. They come with a letter of authenticity from Sotheby’s, verifying their provenance and condition.

The auction house is also offering other space-related items, including a piece of the Skylab space station, which is expected to fetch between $20,000 and $30,000.

Lunar samples are highly sought after because only a handful have been made available to the public, and most of them are held in museums or government archives.

In 1969, Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first humans to walk on the moon. They collected 22 kilograms of lunar samples, which were divided among the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union.

The US and Russia have since returned to the moon, with plans to establish a lunar base in the coming decades.

Lesson: Introduction to Space Exploration

Objective: To introduce students to the concept of space exploration, its history, and its importance.

Grade Level: Primary through High School

Duration: One class period

Materials: Whiteboard, markers, projector, computer, internet connection

Introduction:

Space exploration refers to human exploration of outer space, including the moon, planets, and other celestial bodies. It has been a major focus of human civilization for centuries, with significant advancements in technology, science, and engineering.

Section 1: History of Space Exploration

1.1 What is space exploration?

Space exploration is the discovery and study of outer space, including the moon, planets, and other celestial bodies.

1.2 When did space exploration begin?

Space exploration began in the early 20th century, with the first successful launch of a rocket by the Soviet Union in 1957.

1.3 Who were the first humans to explore space?

The first humans to explore space were Yuri Gagarin and Alan Shepard, who both made sub-orbital flights in 1961.

1.4 What were the major milestones in space exploration?

The major milestones in space exploration include the first manned moon landing by Apollo 11 in 1969, the launch of the first space shuttle in 1981, and the establishment of the International Space Station in 1998.

Section 2: Importance of Space Exploration

2.1 Why is space exploration important?

Space exploration is important because it expands our knowledge of the universe, leads to technological advancements, and inspires people to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.

2.2 How does space exploration benefit us?

Space exploration benefits us in many ways, including improving our understanding of the universe, developing new technologies, and enhancing our national security.

2.3 What are some examples of technological advancements resulting from space exploration?

Some examples of technological advancements resulting from space exploration include satellite communication, global positioning systems (GPS), and improved weather forecasting.

Section 3: Future of Space Exploration

3.1 What are the current and future plans for space exploration?

Current and future plans for space exploration include sending humans to Mars, establishing a lunar base, and exploring other celestial bodies such as asteroids and comets.

3.2 What challenges do we face in space exploration?

Some challenges we face in space exploration include the harsh environment of space, radiation exposure, and the high cost of space missions.

Conclusion:

Space exploration is an exciting and important field that has led to significant advancements in technology, science, and engineering. As we continue to explore the universe, we will undoubtedly uncover new discoveries and developments that will shape our future.


text: Anette Simpson. Director of Development & Partnerships. Anette is responsible for leading and coordinating the direct delivery of Legal & General’s affordable housing schemes and oversees all aspects of development to legal completion. Anette is also responsible for Sales & Marketing. Formerly Group Planning Director for Capital and Counties Properties PLC and prior to that Head of Development at First Base, Anette has experience in delivering complex residential-led projects in partnership with the public sector.. Anette believes passionately in the delivery of high quality sustainable places, buildings and homes that leave a positive legacy and improve the quality of life for people.. A member of the Royal Town Planning Institute and Academy of Urbanism, Anette also sits on the ULI UK Executive Committee.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Affordable Housing

**Introduction:**

Affordable housing is a crucial issue in many countries around the world. It refers to housing units that are available at a cost that is reasonable and affordable for people with low or moderate income. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of affordable housing, who needs it, and how it is provided.

**Main Topic:**

1. What is Affordable Housing?

Affordable housing refers to housing units that are priced within the reach of people with low or moderate income. These units are usually priced at or below a certain percentage of the median household income in a particular area. The exact definition of affordable housing may vary from country to country, but the goal is always the same - to provide decent and safe housing to people who cannot afford market rate housing.

2. Who Needs Affordable Housing?

Affordable housing is primarily meant for people with low or moderate income. These people may include families, seniors, disabled individuals, and single adults. In many countries, there is a significant shortage of affordable housing, which means that many people are struggling to find a place to live that they can afford. This can lead to overcrowding, homelessness, and other serious problems.

3. How is Affordable Housing Provided?

Affordable housing can be provided in a variety of ways. One common approach is to build new housing units that are priced within the reach of low-income households. This can be done through government programs, non-profit organizations, or private developers who receive tax credits or other incentives to build affordable housing. Another approach is to provide rental assistance to tenants who are struggling to pay their rent. This can be done through government programs like Section 8 vouchers or through non-profit organizations.

**Practice Questions:**

1. What is the definition of affordable housing?
2. Who typically needs affordable housing?
3. How is affordable housing provided to people who need it?

**Conclusion:**

In conclusion, affordable housing is an important issue that affects many people around the world. By understanding the basics of affordable housing, we can better appreciate the challenges faced by those who struggle to find a place to live that they can afford. We can also work towards finding solutions to this problem and advocate for policies that promote the development of more affordable housing units.