text: Seller: mminsel (4,435) 100%, Location: COLOGNE NRW, Ships to: US, Asia, CA, GB, AU, Item: 152746801475 1914 * Uniform types of French - Russian - British troops * WW I Historisches Bilddokument historic image document * antique print aus einem Magazin * Journal * Buch from a magazine * journal * book Battlegrounds in World War 1 Original of Time. We do not sell reproductions Größe: ca. 180 x 260 mm Size ca. 7 x 10 Inches The reverse side is printed no facsimile * no copy * no modern reproduction Please note that you would like to bid on a very old paper advertising and this may also have age-related time signal of course. Unevenness in the paper, age-related patina, paper browning or also sometimes smaller storage stains and finger marks show no mistakes; they are signs of age and the reference to originality. international shipping with Deutsche Post as priority registered items documents = $ 7.90: The print has normal signs of wear/handling consistent with a vintage item (view scan).

textbook:
Lesson: World War I Uniforms

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the uniforms worn by soldiers from different countries during World War I. We will explore the design, materials, and colors of the uniforms, as well as how they evolved over time. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to identify the uniforms of different countries and understand their significance in the war.

Section 1: Design and Materials of World War I Uniforms

Topic 1: Introduction to World War I Uniforms
- World War I was a global conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918.
- Soldiers from different countries wore uniforms that were designed for battle.
- These uniforms were made of different materials and had distinct designs.

Topic 2: Types of World War I Uniforms
- There were three main types of uniforms worn during World War I: field uniforms, dress uniforms, and combat uniforms.
- Field uniforms were worn by soldiers while they were in the trenches or fighting on the battlefield.
- Dress uniforms were worn for parades or formal occasions.
- Combat uniforms were designed for mobility and protection.

Topic 3: Design Elements of World War I Uniforms
- The design of a soldier's uniform varied depending on their country of origin.
- For example, British soldiers wore a khaki-colored uniform, while French soldiers wore a blue-gray uniform.
- Many uniforms featured insignia that identified the soldier's rank or unit.

Section 2: Evolution of World War I Uniforms

Topic 4: Changes in World War I Uniforms
- As the war progressed, soldiers' uniforms underwent changes to improve functionality and protection.
- For example, some soldiers wore steel helmets to protect against shrapnel and head wounds.
- Many soldiers also added items like gas masks and goggles to their uniforms to protect against chemical weapons and debris.

Topic 5: Improvisation and Adaptation of Uniforms
- Soldiers often improvised or adapted their uniforms to better suit their needs.
- For example, some soldiers painted their helmets with camouflage patterns to blend into their surroundings.
- Others added items like sandbags or burlap to their uniforms for extra protection.

Section 3: Significance of World War I Uniforms

Topic 6: Symbolism and National Identity
- World War I uniforms were more than just clothing; they were symbols of national identity.
- Each country's uniform had unique design elements that represented their culture and history.
- These uniforms helped soldiers feel a sense of pride and loyalty to their country.

Topic 7: Impact on Future Wars
- The uniforms worn during World War I influenced the design of future military uniforms.
- For example, the steel helmet became a standard piece of equipment in many armies.
- The lessons learned about protective gear and camouflage during World War I continue to be relevant today.

Glossary:
- Khaki: a light brown color used in many military uniforms
- Camouflage: the use of colors and patterns to blend into the environment
- Insignia: a symbol or emblem used to identify a soldier's rank or unit

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the design, materials, and evolution of World War I uniforms. We also explored the significance of these uniforms in representing national identity and influencing future wars. By understanding the importance of these uniforms, we can better appreciate the sacrifices made by soldiers during this global conflict.


text:
Anaerobic treatment of lignocellulosic material to co-produce methane and digested fiber for ethanol biorefining.
Five different ratios of corn stover to swine manure were investigated to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion and the quality of anaerobically digested fiber (AD fiber) as a feedstock for bioethanol production. The stover-to-manure ratio of 40:60 generated 364L biogas and 797g AD fiber per kg of dry raw feedstock daily. The AD fibers after digestion were pretreated and hydrolyzed to release sugars for ethanol fermentation. The stover-to-manure ratio of 40:60 was able to produce 152g methane and 50g ethanol per kg of dry raw feedstock. The net energy generated from the ratio 40:60 was 5.5MJkg(-1) dry raw feed, which was an 18% increase on net energy output compared to the other ratios and proved to be most beneficial for a biorefinery.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Anaerobic Digestion for Biogas and Bioethanol Production

Introduction:
Anaerobic digestion is a process that converts organic matter into biogas (primarily methane) and nutrient-rich digested fiber. This process can be used to treat lignocellulosic material such as corn stover and swine manure, which are abundant and low-cost feedstocks. The co-production of biogas and digested fiber can be used to generate renewable energy and produce valuable feedstocks for bioethanol production.

Core Value:
The core value of this study is to investigate the performance of anaerobic digestion when treating lignocellulosic material with different ratios of corn stover to swine manure. The goal is to evaluate the quality of the anaerobically digested fiber as a feedstock for bioethanol production and determine the optimal ratio for maximizing biogas and ethanol production.

Self-Taught Lesson:

I. Theoretical Concepts
A. Anaerobic Digestion: A process that occurs in the absence of oxygen where microorganisms break down organic matter into biogas (methane) and nutrient-rich digested fiber.
B. Lignocellulosic Material: Plant materials composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which can be used as feedstocks for anaerobic digestion.
C. Biogas: A mixture of gases produced during anaerobic digestion, primarily consisting of methane and carbon dioxide.
D. Bioethanol: A renewable fuel produced by fermenting sugars derived from biomass.
E. Feedstock: A resource or commodity that is used as input for a process or system.

II. Practical Examples
A. Anaerobic Digestion Process: The process of anaerobic digestion involves the following steps:
1. Hydrolysis: Breaking down complex organic molecules into simpler compounds.
2. Acidogenesis: Converting the simpler compounds into acids and alcohols.
3. Methanogenesis: Converting the acids and alcohols into biogas (methane).
B. Corn Stover and Swine Manure: These are examples of lignocellulosic material that can be used as feedstocks for anaerobic digestion. Corn stover is the leftover plant material after harvesting the kernels, while swine manure is the waste produced by pigs.
C. Anaerobic Digester: A tank or reactor where anaerobic digestion takes place.
D. Pretreatment and Hydrolysis: Steps that are necessary before anaerobic digestion to break down the complex structure of lignocellulosic material and release sugars for fermentation.

III. Real-World Scenarios
A. Optimal Ratio: The study found that the stover-to-manure ratio of 40:60 generated the highest biogas and ethanol production. This ratio can be used as a guideline for future anaerobic digestion projects.
B. Net Energy Output: The net energy generated from the ratio 40:60 was 5.5MJkg(-1) dry raw feed, which was an 18% increase on net energy output compared to the other ratios. This demonstrates the potential for anaerobic digestion to produce renewable energy with a positive energy balance.
C. Biorefinery: The AD fibers after digestion were pretreated and hydrolyzed to release sugars for ethanol fermentation. This shows how anaerobic digestion can be integrated into a biorefinery to produce bioethanol and other valuable products from lignocellulosic material.

IV. Glossary
A. Cellulose: A complex carbohydrate found in plant cell walls that can be converted into fermentable sugars for bioethanol production.
B. Hemicellulose: A complex carbohydrate found in plant cell walls that can be converted into fermentable sugars for bioethanol production.
C. Lignin: A complex organic polymer found in plant cell walls that provides structural support and resistance to degradation.
D. Fermentation: A process where microorganisms convert sugars into alcohol or other chemical compounds.

V. Conclusion
Anaerobic digestion has the potential to produce renewable energy and valuable feedstocks for bioethanol production by treating lignocellulosic material such as corn stover and swine manure. The optimal ratio of corn stover to swine manure for maximum biogas and ethanol production was found to be 40:60. This knowledge can be applied to future anaerobic digestion projects to improve the efficiency and sustainability of biogas and bioethanol production.


text: Urban Lighting Group have floodlighting columns from 3.0m up to 18.0m, and high mast columns up to 35.0m. Along with our headframes, adaptors and foundations we can put together a package to suit any kind of area lighting project.. All Urban Lighting Group columns and brackets are made from hot dip galvanized steel, and can be painted or powdercoated in your choice of colours.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Lighting Solutions for Different Areas

Introduction:
Lighting is an essential part of our daily lives, and it plays a crucial role in enhancing safety, security, and visibility in different areas. In this lesson, we will learn about the different types of lighting solutions offered by Urban Lighting Group, their benefits, and how they can be used to enhance the safety and security of various areas.

Section 1: Types of Lighting Solutions
- Floodlighting columns: These are tall, slim columns that can reach up to 18 meters in height. They are designed to provide bright and even lighting over large areas, making them ideal for sports fields, parking lots, and other open spaces.
- High mast columns: These are even taller than floodlighting columns, reaching up to 35 meters in height. They are designed to provide maximum visibility over long distances, making them ideal for highways, airports, and other large areas.
- Headframes, adaptors, and foundations: These components are used to mount the lighting columns onto a stable foundation. They come in different sizes and shapes to suit various types of areas.

Section 2: Benefits of Lighting Solutions
- Improved safety: Well-lit areas are safer for pedestrians, drivers, and workers. Good lighting can help prevent accidents, reduce crime, and improve overall safety.
- Enhanced security: Lighting helps to identify potential threats and intruders, making it easier for security personnel to respond quickly.
- Increased visibility: Bright and even lighting can improve visibility in different weather conditions, making it easier to navigate and work in different areas.

Section 3: Practical Examples
- Sports fields: Floodlighting columns can be used to provide bright and even lighting for sports fields, allowing games to continue even after sunset.
- Parking lots: High mast columns can be used to provide maximum visibility over large parking lots, helping to prevent accidents and theft.
- Highways: A combination of high mast columns and headframes can be used to provide maximum visibility over long stretches of highways, improving safety for drivers and passengers.

Glossary:
- Galvanized steel: A type of steel that has been treated with zinc to prevent rust and corrosion.
- Powdercoating: A type of paint that is applied as a dry powder and then baked on at high temperatures.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding the different types of lighting solutions offered by Urban Lighting Group can help us make informed decisions when choosing lighting for different areas. By considering factors such as safety, security, and visibility, we can select the best lighting solutions for our specific needs. With the knowledge gained from this lesson, we can apply these skills to other areas of our lives and make informed decisions about lighting solutions for various projects.


text: Printer Friendly Version. Open Spaces Volunteer. Do you love the beauty of Arapahoe County’s natural resources and want to share it with others? Are you a wildlife or plant. enthusiast, or do you want to help with research and preservation? You could also help maintain trails and areas of open space. through an annual clean up or planting project.. Timeframe: Varies. Location: Various Arapahoe County open spaces, parks and trails. Qualifications:. Arapahoe County Open Spaces ProgramChuck RenoOpen Space, Parks and Trails Coordinator720-874-6724

textbook:
**Lesson: Introduction to Open Spaces Volunteering**

## Section 1: What is Open Spaces Volunteering?
Open spaces volunteering is a program that allows individuals to contribute to the preservation and maintenance of natural resources in their community. This can include tasks such as trail maintenance, planting trees or flowers, removing invasive species, and cleaning up litter. By volunteering in open spaces, individuals can help to protect and enhance the beauty of their local environment.

## Section 2: Why is Open Spaces Volunteering Important?
Open spaces volunteering is important because it helps to preserve and protect the natural resources that we all enjoy. Volunteers play a crucial role in maintaining the health and vitality of our community's open spaces. By participating in these activities, individuals can help to ensure that future generations will be able to enjoy the same beautiful landscapes that we do today. Additionally, volunteering in open spaces can provide individuals with a sense of satisfaction and fulfillment, knowing that they are making a positive impact on their community.

## Section 3: How Can I Get Involved in Open Spaces Volunteering?
Getting involved in open spaces volunteering is easy! Simply contact your local parks and recreation department or open spaces program to find out about upcoming volunteer opportunities. These opportunities may include one-time events, such as a clean-up day or planting project, or ongoing programs, such as trail maintenance or invasive species removal. Be sure to let the organizers know if you have any specific skills or interests, such as a love for wildlife or plants, so that they can match you with the most appropriate volunteer opportunity.

## Section 4: Conclusion
Open spaces volunteering is a wonderful way to give back to your community while enjoying the beauty of nature. By participating in volunteer activities, individuals can help to preserve and protect the natural resources that we all enjoy. Whether you are interested in wildlife, plants, or simply want to help keep your community clean and beautiful, there is a volunteer opportunity that is perfect for you. So get out there and start making a difference today!

## Glossary:
- **Open spaces:** Areas of land that are not developed and are left in their natural state for the enjoyment and benefit of the community.
- **Natural resources:** Materials or elements found in nature that can be used to support human life, such as water, minerals, and plants.
- **Invasive species:** Non-native plants or animals that can cause harm to native ecosystems by outcompeting native species for resources.
- **Preservation:** The act of protecting natural resources and habitats so that they can be enjoyed by future generations.


text:
Amazon Go is heading to Chicago and San Francisco, according to a report from The Seattle Times, marking the first expansion of the online retailer’s cashier-less grocery store from its initial Seattle location.

Per The Seattle Times, Amazon has posted job listings for store managers at upcoming locations in Chicago and San Francisco. An Amazon representative later confirmed that the company is planning to open Amazon Go stores in those cities, although no timetable or date has been announced yet.

The first expansion of Amazon Go

The news isn’t a complete surprise to those who have been watching Amazon closely. Curbed reported back in February that Amazon had bought a retail space in Chicago, and The San Francisco Chronicle reported last week that Amazon would be opening a retail space near Union Square, but today’s news is the first official word on the new stores.

The first Amazon Go location opened back in January near Amazon’s headquarters in Seattle. The automated store has customers scan their phone when they first arrive, and then uses a variety of cameras and sensors to track what items customers have picked up and automatically charge them when they leave the store.

textbook:
Lesson: Expansion of Amazon Go Stores

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the expansion of Amazon Go stores from their initial location in Seattle to new locations in Chicago and San Francisco. We will explore the reasons behind this expansion, the benefits of having cashier-less grocery stores, and the challenges that come with it.

Section 1: The Expansion of Amazon Go Stores

Topic 1: Reasons for Expansion
- Amazon Go stores offer a unique shopping experience with no checkout lines, making them popular among customers.
- Expanding to new cities allows Amazon to reach more customers and increase their customer base.
- The competition in the grocery industry is fierce, and expanding their stores helps Amazon stay competitive.

Topic 2: Benefits of Cashier-Less Grocery Stores
- Customers can save time as they don't need to wait in long checkout lines.
- The stores are designed to make shopping convenient and efficient.
- Amazon can reduce labor costs by not employing cashiers.

Section 2: Challenges of Expansion

Topic 1: Technical Issues
- Setting up the technology required for cashier-less shopping can be complex and time-consuming.
- There may be technical issues that need to be addressed in the new locations.

Topic 2: Logistics
- Amazon needs to find suitable locations for the new stores in Chicago and San Francisco.
- They need to hire staff to manage the new stores and ensure smooth operations.

Section 3: Applying Skills Gained from the Topic to New Problems

Topic 1: Analyzing Business Decisions
- Understanding the reasons behind Amazon's decision to expand their stores can help us analyze other business decisions.
- We can use this knowledge to evaluate the potential success of similar business ventures.

Topic 2: Critical Thinking
- Analyzing the challenges faced by Amazon in expanding their stores can help us develop critical thinking skills.
- We can apply these skills to other scenarios and make informed decisions.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the expansion of Amazon Go stores is an exciting development in the world of retail. By understanding the reasons behind this expansion and the challenges faced, we can gain valuable insights into the business world. By applying the skills gained from this lesson to new problems, we can develop critical thinking and analysis skills that will serve us well in our personal and professional lives.


text:
NDP private member’s motion promotes safe drinking water

March 19, 2013

Christopher Mitchelmore, the NDP MHA for The Straits-White Bay North, says the province needs a new Safe Drinking Water Strategy, and he has introduced a private member’s motion into the House of Assembly that says just that.

Wednesday is Private Member’s Day in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly; Mitchelmore’s motion will be debated tomorrow.

With more than 160 communities in the province under Boil Water Advisories, more than 150 dealing with potentially harmful levels of triholomethanes, and many municipalities unable to cover the cost of supplying safe drinking water, Mitchelmore says it is urgent that government develop a new Safe Drinking Water Strategy.

He says it is time to review capital and operating grants so that communities have access to both the equipment and people needed to build, operate and maintain drinking water facilities.

Mitchelmore’s motion also calls for more research into, and development of, water treatment systems appropriate for the province’s environment.

The motion also calls for a plain-language education program that explains such items as the need for regular testing of private wells, how to reduce exposure to THMs, and what to do if you are under a boil water advisory.

“Safe drinking water is the most basic human need,” said Mitchelmore. “Our current provincial water strategy is not meeting the needs of people. We need to make sure that water safety is a higher priority.

“I am hopeful that all members of the House of Assembly will recognize the importance of this motion, and vote to support it.”

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Safe Drinking Water

**Objective:** To understand the importance of safe drinking water and the challenges faced by many communities in Newfoundland and Labrador.

**Introduction:** Access to safe drinking water is a basic human right. However, many communities in Newfoundland and Labrador face challenges in providing safe drinking water to their residents. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of safe drinking water, the challenges faced by these communities, and the steps that can be taken to ensure access to safe drinking water.

**Section 1: Importance of Safe Drinking Water**

Safe drinking water is essential for human health and well-being. It is necessary for proper hydration, nutrient absorption, and waste elimination. Contaminated water can lead to illnesses such as diarrhea, cholera, and hepatitis A. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that all communities have access to safe drinking water.

**Section 2: Challenges Faced by Communities**

Many communities in Newfoundland and Labrador face challenges in providing safe drinking water to their residents. These challenges include:

1. Lack of funding: Municipalities often struggle to cover the cost of supplying safe drinking water.
2. Aging infrastructure: Many water treatment facilities are outdated and require expensive repairs or upgrades.
3. Contaminants: Some water sources contain contaminants such as trihalomethanes, which can cause health problems if consumed in high amounts.
4. Boil water advisories: More than 160 communities in the province are currently under boil water advisories, meaning that residents must boil their water before consuming it.

**Section 3: Steps to Ensure Safe Drinking Water**

To ensure access to safe drinking water, several steps can be taken:

1. Review capital and operating grants: Governments can review and adjust grants to ensure that communities have access to both the equipment and people needed to build, operate, and maintain drinking water facilities.
2. Develop new water treatment systems: Research and development of new water treatment systems can help address the specific challenges faced by Newfoundland and Labrador's environment.
3. Implement plain-language education programs: Education programs that explain the need for regular water testing, treatment, and maintenance can help residents understand the importance of safe drinking water and take necessary precautions.

**Conclusion:** Access to safe drinking water is essential for human health and well-being. Many communities in Newfoundland and Labrador face challenges in providing safe drinking water to their residents. By taking steps to ensure access to safe drinking water, we can improve the health and quality of life of residents in these communities.

**Glossary:**
- Safe Drinking Water Strategy: A plan that outlines the steps necessary to ensure access to safe drinking water.
- Boil Water Advisory: A warning issued by a local health authority when water is not safe for drinking, cooking, or cleaning.
- Trihalomethanes: Chemicals that can form in drinking water when disinfectants such as chlorine are used. They can cause health problems if consumed in high amounts.


text:
ASH: Aspirin Might Improve Survival in Refractory and Relapsed CLL

ATLANTA — Adding aspirin therapy to FCR (fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab) improves outcomes for patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), according to a single-institution study presented during the 54th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting and Exposition.

“The concurrent use of aspirin with FCR regimen improved PFS (progression free survival) and OS (overall survival) in relapsed and refractory CLL patients,” reported lead author Young Kwang Chae, MD, MPH, of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX, and coauthors. “This finding provides the first clinical evidence to support the suggested pro-apoptotic effect of aspirin in CLL cells.”

Dr. Chae's team studied data for 280 patients with relapsed or refractory CLL who underwent salvage chemoimmunotherapy with FCR during 1999-2012 at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. Of these, 41 patients (15%) were on aspirin therapy before and during treatment.

At 12 years follow-up, aspirin use was associated with prolonged PFS and OS.

However, use of other nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs did not correlate with survival (HR 0.59; P=0.18).

Both before and after statistically adjusting for survival-related variables including age, Rai stage, treatment history, and unfavorable cytogenetics, the researchers found PFS and OS to be significantly associated with aspirin use, Dr. Chae reported. After controlling for those factors, aspirin use was associated with a PFS HR of 0.55 (95% CI 0.35-0.87;P=0.01) and an OS HR of 0.57 (95% CI 0.33-0.98;P=0.04).

“Prospective randomized studies are warranted to validate this finding and to explore the use of aspirin as a novel adjuvant therapy in the setting of salvage chemoimmunotherapy,” Dr. Chae concluded.

CancerTherapyAdvisor.com is a free online resource that offers oncology healthcare professionals a comprehensive knowledge base of practical oncology information and clinical tools to assist in making the right decisions for their patients.

Our mission is to provide practice-focused clinical and drug information that is reflective of current and emerging principles of care that will help to inform oncology decisions.

textbook:
Title: Aspirin and its Effects on Survival in Refractory and Relapsed CLL

Introduction:
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a type of blood cancer that affects the white blood cells. It is a slow-growing cancer, but it can be aggressive in some cases. In this study, we will explore the effects of aspirin on the survival rates of patients with refractory and relapsed CLL.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to determine if adding aspirin therapy to the FCR (fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab) regimen improves outcomes for patients with relapsed or refractory CLL.

Methodology:
The study was conducted at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX. The researchers analyzed data from 280 patients with relapsed or refractory CLL who underwent salvage chemoimmunotherapy with FCR during 1999-2012. Out of these patients, 41 (15%) were on aspirin therapy before and during treatment. The researchers compared the PFS (progression-free survival) and OS (overall survival) of the patients who received aspirin therapy to those who did not.

Results:
At 12 years follow-up, aspirin use was associated with prolonged PFS and OS. The researchers found that the use of aspirin therapy improved the outcomes for patients with relapsed or refractory CLL.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the addition of aspirin therapy to the FCR regimen improves the outcomes for patients with relapsed or refractory CLL. This finding provides the first clinical evidence to support the suggested pro-apoptotic effect of aspirin in CLL cells.

Glossary:
- CLL: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
- FCR: Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide, and Rituximab
- PFS: Progression-free Survival
- OS: Overall Survival

Self-Taught Lesson:
Introduction:
In this self-taught lesson, we will explore the effects of aspirin on the survival rates of patients with refractory and relapsed CLL. We will learn about the methodology used in the study, the results, and the conclusion.

Objective:
The objective of this lesson is to understand the effects of aspirin therapy on the survival rates of patients with refractory and relapsed CLL.

Methodology:
The study was conducted at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX. The researchers analyzed data from 280 patients with relapsed or refractory CLL who underwent salvage chemoimmunotherapy with FCR during 1999-2012. Out of these patients, 41 (15%) were on aspirin therapy before and during treatment. The researchers compared the PFS (progression-free survival) and OS (overall survival) of the patients who received aspirin therapy to those who did not.

Results:
At 12 years follow-up, aspirin use was associated with prolonged PFS and OS. The researchers found that the use of aspirin therapy improved the outcomes for patients with relapsed or refractory CLL. This finding provides the first clinical evidence to support the suggested pro-apoptotic effect of aspirin in CLL cells.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the addition of aspirin therapy to the FCR regimen improves the outcomes for patients with relapsed or refractory CLL. This finding provides the first clinical evidence to support the suggested pro-apoptotic effect of aspirin in CLL cells.

Glossary:
- CLL: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
- FCR: Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide, and Rituximab
- PFS: Progression-free Survival
- OS: Overall Survival

Questions and Answers:
Q: What is CLL?
A: CLL is a type of blood cancer that affects the white blood cells.

Q: What is the FCR regimen?
A: The FCR regimen is a chemoimmunotherapy combination used to treat CLL. It includes fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab.

Q: What is PFS?
A: PFS stands for progression-free survival, which refers to the length of time during and after treatment that a patient lives without the disease progressing.

Q: What is OS?
A: OS stands for overall survival, which refers to the length of time a patient lives after being diagnosed with cancer.

Practical Examples:
Let's say a patient with refractory and relapsed CLL is considering treatment options. Their doctor recommends the FCR regimen with aspirin therapy. The patient wants to know if aspirin therapy has been proven to improve survival rates in this scenario. Based on the results of this study, we can tell the patient that aspirin therapy has been shown to improve PFS and OS in patients with refractory and relapsed CLL when added to the FCR regimen.

Real-World Scenarios:
A patient with refractory and relapsed CLL is being treated with the FCR regimen, but their doctor is hesitant to add aspirin therapy due to concerns about side effects. The patient wants to know if there are any significant side effects associated with aspirin therapy in this context. While aspirin therapy has been shown to improve outcomes in this scenario, it can cause side effects such as gastrointestinal bleeding, increased risk of bleeding, and an increased risk of hemorrhage. The patient and their doctor should carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of aspirin therapy in their specific case.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the addition of aspirin therapy to the FCR regimen improves the outcomes for patients with relapsed or refractory CLL. This finding provides the first clinical evidence to support the suggested pro-apoptotic effect of aspirin in CLL cells. It is essential to consider the potential benefits and risks of aspirin therapy in patients with refractory and relapsed CLL when making treatment decisions.


text: The 2nd meeting of the Construction Industry Council for 2011 is scheduled for 29 April 2011 (Friday) at 2:30 pm 2011. 2) 2nd Meeting of Committee on Environment and Technology for 2011. 3) 1st Meeting of Committee on Procurement for 2011. 4) 2nd Meeting of Committee on Subcontracting for 2011. 5) 1st Meeting of Construction Industry Training Board for 2011. 6) 1st Meeting of Committee on Manpower Training and Development. The public are welcome to observe the open-door session of the meeting. Due to physical constraints of the venue, seats will be allocated on a first-come-first-served basis.. Last Updated: 2019-02-25 19:34:39

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Meeting Schedules

Introduction:
Meetings are an essential part of any organization or industry. They help to coordinate efforts, share information, and make decisions. In this lesson, we will learn about different types of meetings, their purposes, and how to read and understand meeting schedules.

Section 1: Types of Meetings

There are several types of meetings, including:

1. Regular meetings: These are held at regular intervals (e.g., weekly, monthly) to discuss ongoing business.

2. Special meetings: These are called for specific purposes, such as to vote on a new policy or to discuss a particular issue.

3. Emergency meetings: These are called suddenly to address urgent matters that require immediate attention.

4. Annual meetings: These are held once a year to review the organization's progress and plan for the future.

Purpose:
The purpose of a meeting is to bring people together to discuss and decide on a specific matter. Meetings can be used to share information, make decisions, solve problems, or coordinate efforts.

Section 2: Reading Meeting Schedules

A meeting schedule is a document that outlines the details of a meeting, including:

1. Date and time: This is the date and time when the meeting will take place.

2. Location: This is the location where the meeting will be held.

3. Agenda: This is a list of items that will be discussed during the meeting.

4. Attendees: This is a list of people who are invited or required to attend the meeting.

5. Purpose: This is a brief statement of the purpose of the meeting.

6. Duration: This is the length of time allotted for the meeting.

7. Rules: These are the rules that will govern the meeting, such as whether or not voting will be allowed.

8. Materials: These are the materials that will be needed for the meeting, such as reports or presentations.

Section 3: Understanding Meeting Schedules

Now that we know what to look for in a meeting schedule, let's look at an example:

Example Meeting Schedule:

Date: Tuesday, April 29, 2011
Time: 2:30 pm
Location: Room 101, Building A
Agenda:
1. Approval of minutes from last meeting
2. Discussion of new policy proposal
3. Presentation by Mark Smith on latest technology trends
4. Vote on budget for next fiscal year
5. Open forum for questions and comments
Attendees: All members of the committee
Purpose: To discuss and vote on new policy proposal and budget for next fiscal year
Duration: 2 hours
Rules: All members must be present for the entire meeting
Materials: Copies of the proposed policy, budget, and Mark Smith's presentation

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the different types of meetings, their purposes, and how to read and understand meeting schedules. We also looked at an example of a meeting schedule to see what information it contains and how to interpret it. By understanding meeting schedules, we can better prepare for and participate in meetings, which can help us achieve our goals more effectively.

Glossary:
- Regular meetings: Meetings that are held at regular intervals for ongoing business.
- Special meetings: Meetings called for specific purposes, such as to vote on a new policy or to discuss a particular issue.
- Emergency meetings: Suddenly called meetings to address urgent matters that require immediate attention.
- Annual meetings: Meetings held once a year to review progress and plan for the future.
- Agenda: A list of items to be discussed during a meeting.
- Attendees: People invited or required to attend a meeting.
- Purpose: The reason for holding a meeting.
- Duration: The length of time allotted for a meeting.
- Rules: The rules that will govern a meeting, such as whether or not voting will be allowed.
- Materials: The materials needed for a meeting, such as reports or presentations.


text:
Intestinal mucosa in nephropathic cystinosis.
The major manifestations of nephropathic cystinosis are renal tubular acidosis, vitamin D-resistant rickets, and dwarfism. Cystine crystals are deposited in a variety of cells, mainly phagocytic, including macrophages of the intestinal lamina propria. Previously, ultrastructural changes were suggested to occur in the absorptive epithelium as well, possibly as a result of local cystine toxicity. We report here on the light- and electron-microscopic findings in the jejunal mucosa of two patients, aged 4 and 9 years with nephropathic cystinosis. Cystine crystals were easily identified in semithin sections of plastic-embedded specimens as brick- and hexagon-shaped spaces in macrophages. Electron microscopy showed that all crystals were in single-membrane-limited bodies (lysosomes), within phagocytic cells, and exclusively located in the lamina propria. In contrast to previous findings, the absorptive epithelium showed no abnormalities. We conclude that the growth failure in cystinosis is not a consequence of morphological toxic alterations in the intestinal epithelium, but is related to the known metabolic abnormalities of this condition. The use of rectal suction biopsy as a means of diagnosing cystinosis is also suggested as an alternative to other diagnostic methods.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Intestinal Mucosa in Nephropathic Cystinosis
Introduction:
Nephropathic cystinosis is a rare genetic disorder that affects the kidneys, leading to a buildup of cystine crystals in the body. These crystals can accumulate in various cells, including those in the intestinal mucosa. In this lesson, we will explore the structure and function of the intestinal mucosa in the context of nephropathic cystinosis.
Section 1: The Intestinal Mucosa
The intestinal mucosa is the inner lining of the gastrointestinal tract, which plays a crucial role in digestion and absorption of nutrients. It is composed of several layers, including the epithelial layer, the lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae. The epithelial layer contains specialized cells called enterocytes, which are responsible for absorbing nutrients and transporting them into the bloodstream.
Section 2: Cystinosis and the Intestinal Mucosa
In nephropathic cystinosis, cystine crystals accumulate in various cells, including macrophages in the lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa. These crystals can cause damage to the cells and disrupt their normal function. However, recent studies have shown that the absorptive epithelium is not significantly affected by cystine toxicity.
Section 3: Electron Microscopy
Electron microscopy is a powerful tool for studying the structure of cells and tissues at a high resolution. In patients with nephropathic cystinosis, electron microscopy has revealed that cystine crystals are found within lysosomes, which are membrane-bound organelles responsible for breaking down waste products and cellular debris. These crystals are located within phagocytic cells, such as macrophages, in the lamina propria.
Section 4: Conclusion
Understanding the effects of nephropathic cystinosis on the intestinal mucosa is essential for developing effective treatments and management strategies for this rare disorder. While cystine crystals can accumulate in the lamina propria, recent studies have shown that the absorptive epithelium is not significantly affected by cystine toxicity. Electron microscopy has provided valuable insights into the structure and location of these crystals within phagocytic cells. By continuing to study the effects of cystinosis on the intestinal mucosa, researchers can gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of this disorder and develop targeted therapies to improve the quality of life for affected individuals.
Glossary:
- Intestinal mucosa: The inner lining of the gastrointestinal tract, responsible for digestion and absorption of nutrients.
- Lamina propria: A layer of connective tissue beneath the epithelial layer of the intestinal mucosa, containing immune cells and blood vessels.
- Macrophage: A type of white blood cell that engulfs and destroys foreign substances, pathogens, and cellular debris.
- Lysosome: A membrane-bound organelle containing enzymes that break down waste products and cellular debris.
- Cystinosis: A rare genetic disorder characterized by the accumulation of cystine crystals in various cells of the body.
- Nephropathic cystinosis: A form of cystinosis that primarily affects the kidneys.
- Electron microscopy: A technique that uses a beam of electrons to visualize the structure of cells and tissues at a high resolution.


text:
Low birth weight of contemporary African Americans: an intergenerational effect of slavery?
The average birth weight in the contemporary African-American population is about 250 g lower than the average birth weight of European Americans. Differences in genetic and socioeconomic factors present between these two groups can explain only part of birth weight variation. I propose a hypothesis that the low birth weight of contemporary African Americans not only results from the difference in present exposure to lifestyle factors known to affect fetal development but also from conditions experienced during the period of slavery. Slaves had poor nutritional status during all stages of life because of the inadequate dietary intake accompanied by high energetic costs of physical work and infectious diseases. The concept of "fetal programming" suggests that physiology and metabolism including growth and fat accumulation of the developing fetus, and, thus its birth weight, depend on intergenerational signal of environmental quality passed through generations of matrilinear ancestors. I suggest that several generations that have passed since the abolition of slavery in the United States (1865) has not been enough to obliterate the impact of slavery on the current biological and health condition of the African-American population.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Impact of Slavery on Birth Weight

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the idea that the low birth weight of contemporary African Americans may be due to the effects of slavery. We will examine the historical context of slavery in the United States and how it may have impacted the health of African Americans today.

Section 1: Historical Context
The practice of slavery in the United States began in the early 17th century and continued until the 19th century. During this time, African Americans were brought to the Americas against their will and forced into a life of servitude. They were often treated cruelly and were not given adequate food, shelter, or medical care. This treatment had a significant impact on their overall health, including their birth weight.

Section 2: The Impact of Slavery on Birth Weight
Studies have shown that the average birth weight of African Americans is lower than that of European Americans. This difference cannot be entirely explained by differences in socioeconomic status or genetic factors. Some researchers believe that the low birth weight of African Americans may be due to the effects of slavery.

Slaves during this time had poor nutritional status due to inadequate dietary intake and high energetic costs of physical work and infectious diseases. This poor nutrition would have affected the development of the fetus in the womb, leading to lower birth weight. Additionally, the stress and trauma experienced by slaves during this time may have had a lasting impact on their descendants' health, including their birth weight.

Section 3: Fetal Programming
The concept of "fetal programming" suggests that the development of the fetus is influenced by the environment in which it is growing. This means that the conditions experienced by the mother during pregnancy can impact the health of the baby after birth. If a mother experienced poor nutrition and stress during her own pregnancy, this may have an impact on her child's birth weight.

Section 4: Conclusion
In conclusion, the low birth weight of contemporary African Americans may be due to the effects of slavery. The poor nutritional status and stress experienced by slaves during this time may have had a lasting impact on the health of their descendants. Understanding the impact of slavery on birth weight is important for addressing health disparities in the African American community.

Glossary:
- Slavery: A system in which people are forced to work without pay or compensation.
- Birth weight: The weight of a baby at birth.
- Fetal programming: The idea that the development of the fetus is influenced by the environment in which it is growing.

Self-Debate:
Is it fair to say that the effects of slavery on birth weight are solely responsible for the difference between African American and European American birth weights?

Answer:
 No, it is not fair to say that the effects of slavery on birth weight are solely responsible for the difference between African American and European American birth weights. There are many factors that contribute to birth weight, including genetic factors and socioeconomic status. However, the impact of slavery on the health of African Americans today is an important factor to consider when examining the reasons for the difference in birth weight between these two groups.


text:
NEF conducted a review of the most up-to-date evidence and found building five actions into your daily lives is important for the wellbeing of individuals, families, communities and organisations. The Mental Health Foundation has collated these activities on their website.

You can introduce any of these actions into your life, any time, and you will begin to feel the benefits. Whakatōkia ngā rautaki māmā nei ki tō ao kia rongo ai koe i ngā painga.

Making complaints about mental health services

The Commission has published a guide to help people make a complaint about a service or treatment received for a mental health issue. It explains what to do if people are not happy with how they have been treated because of their mental illness. It outlines complaints services available, the type of complaints they handle and how to contact them. Read the guide here.

Mental health in the workplace

Recent research suggests one in five New Zealanders will experience some form of mental illness this year alone, but in contrast, Equal Employment Commissioner, Dr Jackie Blue says the workplace is often not accommodating this disability well. Read more here.

textbook:
during their lifetime. This means that mental health issues are common and can affect anyone, regardless of their age, gender or background. In this chapter, we will explore the importance of mental health in the workplace and how employers can support their employees' wellbeing.

**Section 1: Introduction**

Mental health is an essential component of overall health and wellbeing. It refers to the emotional, psychological, and social wellbeing of an individual. Mental health issues can range from mild to severe and can affect a person's ability to function effectively in their daily lives. In this chapter, we will discuss the importance of mental health in the workplace and how employers can support their employees' wellbeing.

**Section 2: Importance of mental health in the workplace**

Mental health issues are common and can affect anyone, regardless of their age, gender, or background. According to recent research, one in five New Zealanders will experience some form of mental illness during their lifetime. This means that mental health issues are a significant concern for employers and employees alike. Employers have a responsibility to create a supportive work environment that promotes good mental health and wellbeing.

**Section 3: How employers can support mental health in the workplace**

Employers can support their employees' mental health in several ways. These include:

1. Providing access to mental health resources: Employers can provide access to mental health resources such as counseling services, employee assistance programs (EAPs), and online resources.

2. Promoting a healthy work-life balance: Employers can promote a healthy work-life balance by offering flexible work arrangements, such as telecommuting, flexible schedules, and part-time work.

3. Encouraging open communication: Employers can encourage open communication about mental health issues by creating a supportive culture that values honesty and transparency.

4. Providing training and education: Employers can provide training and education about mental health issues to help employees understand the importance of mental health and how to support colleagues who may be struggling.

**Section 4: Practical examples**

Here are some practical examples of how employers can support their employees' mental health:

1. XYZ Company offers an EAP that provides employees with free counseling services, legal advice, and financial planning assistance.

2. ABC Corporation allows employees to take a mental health day off work once a year to recharge and refocus.

3. DEF Limited hosts monthly mental health awareness events to educate employees about the importance of mental health and how to support colleagues who may be struggling.

**Section 5: Conclusion**

Mental health is an essential component of overall health and wellbeing. Employers have a responsibility to create a supportive work environment that promotes good mental health and wellbeing. By providing access to mental health resources, promoting a healthy work-life balance, encouraging open communication, and providing training and education, employers can support their employees' mental health and contribute to a more inclusive and supportive workplace culture.


text: Kieran Leonard heads inaugural Retraining of Racehorses Bronze League Final. Saturday 12 August 2017. .jpg). New to the British Showjumping National Championships 2017 is the Retraining of Racehorses Bronze League Final and crowned as the first ever champion was Kieran Leonard riding Karen Gausden’s Baytown Tigress. The pair who are based in Kent jumped a lovely first round and pulled out all the stops to produce a clear jump off round in a time of 35.56 to clinch the title.. Kieron, who has been riding the six year old mare for the last three months, took her eventing a couple of times before realising how talented a showjumper she was. “All her classes that we have taken her to she has won, and then she qualified for the Championship so we are really pleased with her,” explained Kieran.. Second place was Louise Edwards with My Mate Al, who produced a faultless clear in the jump off but were unfortunately 0.15seconds slower than the winning pair..

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Horse Showjumping

### Section 1: What is Horse Showjumping?
Horse showjumping is an equestrian sport where riders guide their horses over a series of obstacles, including jumps, within a designated course. The goal is to complete the course in the shortest amount of time while incurring the fewest penalties. This sport requires precision, speed, and agility from both the horse and the rider.

### Section 2: Understanding the Course
The course consists of several obstacles, including jumps, which are designed to test the horse's agility and the rider's ability to control the horse. The jumps are usually made of various materials such as plastic, paper, or poles, and are placed in a variety of configurations to challenge the horse and rider team.

### Section 3: Preparing for the Competition
To prepare for a showjumping competition, riders must train their horses extensively. This involves building up the horse's strength, agility, and endurance through regular exercise and training sessions. Riders also work on improving their communication and control over their horses, as well as developing their ability to read and navigate a course effectively.

### Section 4: The Competition
During the competition, riders and their horses must navigate the course within a specified time limit while incurring the fewest penalties possible. Penalties are assessed for each obstacle that the horse refuses to jump, or for each error made during the jump. The rider with the fewest penalties at the end of the competition is declared the winner.

### Section 5: Conclusion
Showjumping is an exciting and challenging equestrian sport that requires skill, athleticism, and teamwork between the horse and rider. By understanding the course, preparing effectively, and competing strategically, riders can excel in this sport and achieve success at competitions.


text: Steve Berra is a bit of an anomaly within the skate world. Starting his career as a vert pro, he transitioned (pun intended) into jumping off and down big stuff in the streets. He was later plagued by injuries and was smart enough to start “The Berrics” as one half of a partnership with Eric Koston, with Berra focusing quite a lot on the business side of things. He’s secured his place in skating by making one of the most popular/well known skatepark’s (and its accompanying website) in the world. However in between all this skate-stuff, he dabbled in acting. Starring in a few films, but mostly TV acting, he’s done a fair bit. However the pure unintentional comedy in this hilarious scene from TV series “Felicity” (1999), became a bit of an internet sensation when it was dredged up from the past. If you haven’t seen this, then watch it below:. Steve Berra and Heath Kirchart in Habitat’s “Mosaic”:

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Perseverance in Skateboarding
Introduction:
Skateboarding is a challenging sport that requires a lot of practice and dedication. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of perseverance in skateboarding and how it can help us achieve our goals.
Section 1: The Importance of Perseverance
Question: Why is perseverance important in skateboarding?
Answer: Perseverance is important in skateboarding because it helps us overcome obstacles and setbacks. It allows us to keep pushing ourselves even when things get tough. Without perseverance, we may give up too easily when faced with challenges.
Section 2: The Role of Failure in Skateboarding
Question: What role does failure play in skateboarding?
Answer: Failure is a natural part of the learning process in skateboarding. It helps us identify areas where we need to improve and pushes us to work harder. Instead of fearing failure, we should embrace it as an opportunity to learn and grow.
Section 3: The Power of Persistence
Question: How can we develop persistence in skateboarding?
Answer: Developing persistence in skateboarding involves setting goals, practicing regularly, and staying motivated even when progress seems slow. We should also celebrate small victories and use them to fuel our determination.
Section 4: The Value of Resilience
Question: How can we develop resilience in skateboarding?
Answer: Resilience involves bouncing back from setbacks and maintaining a positive attitude. We can develop resilience by learning from our mistakes, seeking support from others, and focusing on the things we can control.
Conclusion:
In skateboarding, as in life, perseverance is essential for achieving our goals. By embracing failure, developing persistence, and building resilience, we can overcome obstacles and reach new heights in our skateboarding journey. Remember, the key to success is not giving up, no matter how hard things get.


text: Musculoskeletal computer models capable of predicting muscle and joint contact forces accurately during human movement could facilitate the design of improved joint replacements and new clinical treatments for articular cartilage defects or movement-related disorders [1]. A primary challenge to developing such predictions is the non-uniqueness of the calculated muscle forces, often referred to as the “muscle redundancy problem” [2]. Since more muscles act on the skeleton than the number of degrees of freedom in the skeleton, an infinite number of possible muscle force solutions exist.. Volume Subject Area:Joint and Systems Biomechanics. This content is only available via PDF.

textbook:
**Lesson: Musculoskeletal Computer Models**

**Introduction**:
Musculoskeletal computer models are used to predict muscle and joint contact forces during human movement. These models can help in the design of improved joint replacements and new clinical treatments for articular cartilage defects or movement-related disorders. However, there is a challenge called the "muscle redundancy problem" that needs to be addressed.

**Main Topic: Muscle Redundancy Problem**

**Theoretical Concept:** The muscle redundancy problem refers to the fact that there are more muscles acting on the skeleton than the number of degrees of freedom in the skeleton. This means that there are multiple possible solutions for the muscle force calculations, making it difficult to determine the correct one.

**Practical Example:** Imagine you are trying to pick up a book off the ground. There are several different ways your muscles could work together to accomplish this task, and each muscle could contribute differently to the overall force required. This is an example of the muscle redundancy problem.

**Definitions:**
- Degrees of freedom: the number of independent movements that a body part can perform.
- Muscle redundancy problem: the challenge of determining the correct muscle force solution due to the non-uniqueness of the calculations.

**Self-Debate Discussion:** Why is it important to address the muscle redundancy problem when creating musculoskeletal computer models? What impact could this have on the design of joint replacements and clinical treatments?

**Conclusion:** Understanding the muscle redundancy problem is crucial when creating musculoskeletal computer models. By addressing this issue, scientists can develop more accurate models that can lead to improved joint replacements and new clinical treatments for articular cartilage defects or movement-related disorders.

**Glossary:**
- Musculoskeletal: relating to the muscles and skeleton of the body
- Computer model: a simulation of a real-world system or process that is created using a computer program
- Non-uniqueness: the condition of having multiple possible solutions
- Degrees of freedom: the range of motion or movement available to a body part
- Muscle redundancy problem: the challenge of determining the correct muscle force solution due to the non-uniqueness of the calculations
- Joint replacement: a surgical procedure in which a damaged or diseased joint is replaced with an artificial one
- Articular cartilage: the smooth, slippery tissue that covers the ends of bones in a joint
- Movement-related disorders: conditions that affect the normal functioning of the musculoskeletal system, such as arthritis or Parkinson's disease.


text:
A 'phase-shift' fusion system for the regulation of foreign gene expression by lambda repressor in gram-negative bacteria.
A 'phase-shift' translation fusion vector was constructed in which mutually compatible restriction sites BamHI, BclI and BglII are positioned in such a manner that the cut point is in a different reading frame, immediately following the ATG start codon and ribosome-binding site of the lambda cro gene. The lambda cro gene is expressed from promoter pR and controlled by a thermosensitive (cI857) lambda repressor. The usefulness of the expression vector was demonstrated using a galK gene lacking the ATG start codon and fusing this to the pR promoter and ATG start codon of the lambda cro gene, resulting in cI857-regulated expression of galactokinase. The vector is of general use for foreign gene expression in Escherichia coli when the target gene has a compatible cohesive end (5'-GATC-3') at the N terminus (provided, for example, by a BamHI linker). The lambda cI857-pR-cro-galK cassette was cloned into pJRD215, a wide-host-range plasmid and transferred by conjugation to a variety of Gram-negative bacteria. In all cases, thermosensitive regulation of galactokinase could be demonstrated, though the levels of induction varied considerably. These results show that the powerful lambda pR promoter and the efficient lambda repressor can be used to regulate expression of foreign genes in Gram-negative organisms other than E. coli.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Gene Expression and Regulation

**Overview:**
In this lesson, we will learn about gene expression and regulation in bacteria. We will focus on the lambda repressor, a protein that controls the expression of certain genes in gram-negative bacteria. We will also explore how scientists can manipulate gene expression using specialized tools and techniques.

**Section 1: Gene Expression and Regulation**

Gene expression is the process by which the information stored in DNA is converted into functional products, such as proteins. This process involves several steps, including transcription, translation, and regulation. Regulation is the control of gene expression, ensuring that only specific genes are turned on or off at the right time and in the right place.

In gram-negative bacteria, the lambda repressor plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of certain genes. The lambda repressor is a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences called operators. When the repressor is bound to an operator, it prevents the RNA polymerase enzyme from transcribing the adjacent gene. This allows the bacteria to turn off gene expression when needed.

**Section 2: Phase-Shift Fusion System**

To study gene expression and regulation in bacteria, scientists often use specialized tools and techniques. One such tool is the phase-shift fusion system, which allows researchers to control the expression of foreign genes in bacteria.

The phase-shift fusion system involves creating a fusion vector that contains a gene of interest, along with a thermosensitive repressor and a promoter. The vector is designed so that the repressor can control the expression of the gene depending on the temperature of the environment. At a low temperature, the repressor is active and prevents the gene from being expressed. At a higher temperature, the repressor becomes inactive, allowing the gene to be expressed.

**Section 3: Applying the Concepts**

Now that we understand the basics of gene expression and regulation, let's see how we can apply these concepts to real-world scenarios. Suppose we want to create a bacterial strain that can break down a specific pollutant. We could use the phase-shift fusion system to introduce the gene encoding the enzyme responsible for breaking down the pollutant. We would then control the expression of this gene using a thermosensitive repressor, so that the enzyme is only produced when the temperature is high enough to pose a threat to the environment.

**Conclusion:**
In this lesson, we have learned about gene expression and regulation in bacteria, specifically focusing on the lambda repressor and the phase-shift fusion system. We have seen how these concepts can be applied to create bacterial strains that can help solve environmental problems. By understanding these processes, we can better appreciate the power of biotechnology and its potential to improve our world.

**Glossary:**
- Gene expression: The process by which the information stored in DNA is converted into functional products, such as proteins.
- Regulation: The control of gene expression, ensuring that only specific genes are turned on or off at the right time and in the right place.
- Operator: A specific DNA sequence to which the lambda repressor binds, preventing RNA polymerase from transcribing the adjacent gene.
- Thermosensitive repressor: A protein that controls gene expression in response to changes in temperature.
- Fusion vector: A DNA molecule that contains one or more genes, along with regulatory elements such as promoters and repressors.
- Phase-shift fusion system: A technique for controlling gene expression in bacteria using a thermosensitive repressor and a promoter.


text: STV provided civil design services, a traffic impact study and permitting for the Ritz-Carlton Residences, a luxury condominium complex located on a 5.5-acre site along Baltimore's Inner Harbor waterfront. The firm also led the predevelopment requirements and successfully facilitated the approval process for the Planned Unit Development (PUD) that governs the site. The 191 residential units in the development range from 1,600 sf to approximately 9,000 sf. The complex also includes a restaurant, spa and fitness center, marina office and underground parking facility.. download project sheet (371,656 KB PDF)

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read a Project Sheet

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to read a project sheet. A project sheet is a document that provides information about a project. It includes details such as the project scope, timeline, budget, and team members. Understanding how to read a project sheet is an essential skill for anyone working in a professional setting.

Section 1: Understanding the Project Sheet

The first section of the lesson will focus on understanding the project sheet. We will cover the following topics:

- What is a project sheet?
- What information does a project sheet contain?
- Why is it important to understand a project sheet?

Section 2: Reading the Project Sheet

The second section of the lesson will focus on reading the project sheet. We will cover the following topics:

- How to read the project sheet title and description
- How to read the project scope statement
- How to read the timeline and deadlines
- How to read the budget and cost breakdown
- How to read the team member roles and responsibilities

Section 3: Analyzing the Project Sheet

The third section of the lesson will focus on analyzing the project sheet. We will cover the following topics:

- How to analyze the project scope and ensure it aligns with the project goals
- How to analyze the timeline and identify any potential risks or challenges
- How to analyze the budget and ensure it is realistic and achievable
- How to analyze the team member roles and responsibilities and ensure they are well-defined

Glossary:
- Project Sheet: A document that provides information about a project. It includes details such as the project scope, timeline, budget, and team members.
- Project Scope: A statement that defines the limits and boundaries of a project. It outlines what is included and excluded from the project.
- Timeline: A plan that outlines the sequence of tasks that need to be completed to achieve the project goals.
- Budget: A financial plan that outlines the estimated costs of the project.
- Cost Breakdown: A detailed list of all the expenses associated with the project.
- Team Member: An individual who is responsible for completing specific tasks within the project.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, reading a project sheet is an essential skill for anyone working in a professional setting. By understanding the contents of a project sheet, you can better understand the project goals, timeline, and budget. Additionally, by analyzing the project sheet, you can identify potential risks and challenges and ensure that the project is well-planned and executed.


text: Looking for an experienced PHP developer to integrate our SaaS Product with Zapier.. Client: Masked. Client name: masked. Hi, Lightspeed is integrated POS and online store. We are using already retail part of the software, all products are entered. We also have our original website and we need to make a similar presentation, functional and informational on lightspeed. We like 3D feature on original site, customers like that first page contains information. Also adwords work well when forwarded to t.... Client Name: Masked. Look for individuals that are familiar with BLE proximity beacon technology to assist my development team. I have attached a file of a snippet needed for our platform but the overall project is months of work. All I am trying to do is find someone familiar with what we are doing and can contribute.

textbook:
## Lesson: Integrating SaaS Products with Zapier
### Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about integrating SaaS products with Zapier, an automation tool that connects web applications to automate workflows. This integration can help businesses save time and increase productivity by automating repetitive tasks.
### Section 2: What is Zapier?
Zapier is a web application that allows you to automate tasks between different web applications. It acts as a middleman between different applications, allowing them to communicate with each other and share data.
### Section 3: How does Zapier work?
Zapier works by creating a "zap" or automated workflow. A zap consists of a trigger and an action. For example, a trigger could be when a new customer is added to your CRM, and an action could be sending an email to that customer. Zapier watches for the trigger event and then automatically performs the action.
### Section 4: Why integrate SaaS products with Zapier?
Integrating SaaS products with Zapier can save businesses time and increase productivity by automating repetitive tasks. It can also help businesses avoid manual data entry and reduce errors.
### Section 5: How to integrate SaaS products with Zapier
To integrate a SaaS product with Zapier, follow these steps:
1. Sign up for a Zapier account.
2. Search for the SaaS product you want to integrate in the Zapier directory.
3. Follow the prompts to set up the integration.
4. Test the integration to ensure it is working correctly.
### Section 6: Examples of SaaS products that can be integrated with Zapier
Some examples of SaaS products that can be integrated with Zapier include:
- Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software
- Project Management software
- Email marketing software
- Social Media management software
### Section 7: Conclusion
Integrating SaaS products with Zapier can save businesses time and increase productivity by automating repetitive tasks. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, businesses can easily integrate their SaaS products with Zapier and start enjoying the benefits of automation.


text: #StandWithUkraine. Visitors to this site know that I normally don't get involved with political issues, but this is not normal.. Please help to support Ukraine against the bullying tactics of a huge neighboring country.. by Oliver Even. (Hayward, WI, USA). Hello, I recently bought a "Cacti Mix" pack of seeds and just put them into a 10.5 by 21 inch seed starter pan that's about 2.5 inches deep, it also has a clear lid, I'll leave a photo of one that looks identical.. The lid doesn't clasp shut completely, it just sits, I use them for my other veggies and flowers and it does keep the humidity in.. Anyways, I've seen that you're supposed to put saran wrap over the pot or put the whole pot in a Ziploc, what should I do with what I have mine in? And how/when do you water the seeds if they're supposed to be covered?

textbook:
Lesson: How to Support Ukraine Against Bullying Tactics
Introduction:
The recent invasion of Ukraine by Russia has caused a lot of tension and uncertainty in the world. As a result, many people are looking for ways to support Ukraine and stand against the bullying tactics of a huge neighboring country. In this lesson, we will explore some ways that you can help support Ukraine and make a difference.
Section 1: Understanding the Situation
- What is happening in Ukraine right now?
- Why is Russia invading Ukraine?
- What can I do to help support Ukraine?
Section 2: Ways to Support Ukraine
- Donate to reputable organizations that are providing aid to Ukrainians
- Spread awareness about the situation on social media and with friends and family
- Contact your elected representatives and urge them to take action against Russia's aggression
- Attend protests and rallies in support of Ukraine
Section 3: Practical Examples
- One way to support Ukraine is by donating to reputable organizations that are providing aid to Ukrainians. For example, the International Rescue Committee is a highly regarded organization that is providing aid to those affected by the conflict.
- Another way to support Ukraine is by spreading awareness about the situation on social media and with friends and family. You can share articles and posts about the situation and encourage others to take action as well.
- Contacting your elected representatives is another way to support Ukraine. You can call or email them and urge them to take action against Russia's aggression.
- Finally, attending protests and rallies in support of Ukraine is another practical way to show your support. This can help raise awareness and put pressure on governments to take action.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, there are many ways that you can support Ukraine and stand against the bullying tactics of a huge neighboring country. By donating to reputable organizations, spreading awareness, contacting your elected representatives, and attending protests and rallies, you can make a difference and help support those affected by the conflict. Remember, every little bit counts, so don't hesitate to take action and make your voice heard.


text: Documents related to the case of The State of Texas vs. Frank Ackerman, accused of carrying arms, filed July 12, 1872. Documents include a letter of indictment signed by grand jury foreman Phil W. Thompson, an application for attachment, and a request for witnesses.. Deputy Clerk, District Court, Henderson County. Clerk, District Court, Henderson County. 3 documents ; various sizes, folded, in an orange envelope 22 x 10 cm. Documents are handwritten in ink and pencil

textbook:
Core Value: Historical Documents

Lesson: Analyzing Historical Documents

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to analyze historical documents. We will start by understanding the importance of historical documents, then move on to learning how to read and interpret them. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to analyze historical documents with confidence.

Section 1: Importance of Historical Documents
Historical documents are important because they provide evidence of what happened in the past. They can help us understand how people lived, what they believed, and what events shaped their lives. Historical documents also provide a record of important events that have shaped our world today.

Section 2: Reading and Interpreting Historical Documents
To read and interpret historical documents, you need to follow these steps:

1. Read the document carefully, paying attention to the language used and any details that stand out.
2. Identify the main idea or thesis of the document. This is usually stated in the introduction or conclusion.
3. Look for evidence that supports or contradicts the main idea. This may include quotes from primary sources, statistics, or other pieces of evidence.
4. Analyze the document's structure and organization. How does the author present their argument? Are there any logical fallacies or inconsistencies?
5. Consider the context in which the document was written. What was happening at the time? Who was the intended audience?
6. Take notes as you read, highlighting important points and questions that arise.

Section 3: Practical Examples
Let's take a look at an example of analyzing a historical document. Imagine you are analyzing a letter written by Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War.

1. Read the document carefully, paying attention to the language used and any details that stand out.
2. Identify the main idea or thesis of the document. In this case, the main idea is that Lincoln is expressing his concerns about the war and his hopes for peace.
3. Look for evidence that supports or contradicts the main idea. In this case, Lincoln mentions his hopes for peace, but also acknowledges that the war must continue until the Union is preserved.
4. Analyze the document's structure and organization. Lincoln's letter is structured as a formal letter, with an introduction, body, and conclusion.
5. Consider the context in which the document was written. The American Civil War was still ongoing, and Lincoln was facing pressure from both sides.
6. Take notes as you read, highlighting important points and questions that arise. For example, you might note that Lincoln mentions his desire for peace, but also acknowledges that the war is necessary to preserve the Union.

Glossary:
- Historical Documents: Written or physical records of past events, people, or cultures.
- Primary Sources: Original documents or artifacts that provide firsthand evidence of an event or period.
- Logical Fallacies: Errors in reasoning that undermine the credibility of an argument.

Conclusion:
Analyzing historical documents is an important skill for anyone interested in learning about the past. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can read and interpret historical documents with confidence. Remember to consider the context in which the document was written, and to take notes as you read to help you identify important points and questions. With practice, you will become skilled at analyzing historical documents and gain a deeper understanding of history.


text: Saturday. Jan082011. Stellarium. Stellarium is a free "planetarium" program for your computer that allows you to look at the night sky at any given hour, at any given place in the world, at any given time rate, and point out the moon, constellations, planets, and major objects visible to the naked eye and binoculars. Slick, simple, and plain pretty to look at.. Reader Comments

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Astronomy

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
In this lesson, we will learn about astronomy, which is the scientific study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere. We will cover the basics of astronomy, including the different types of celestial bodies, the tools used by astronomers, and the methods used to study the universe.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
Let's start with some practical examples. Imagine you are an astronomer studying the night sky. You might use a telescope to observe the stars and planets, or you might use a spectroscope to analyze the light emitted by these objects. You might also use a computer program like Stellarium to simulate the night sky and plan your observations.

Now let's take a closer look at some of the tools used by astronomers. Telescopes are used to magnify the image of celestial objects, allowing astronomers to study them in detail. Spectroscopes are used to analyze the light emitted by these objects, allowing astronomers to determine their composition and other properties. Finally, computers and software programs like Stellarium are used to simulate the night sky and plan observations.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Now let's move on to some real-world scenarios. Imagine you are an astronaut on a mission to explore a distant planet. You might use a telescope to observe the planet from space, or you might land on the planet and collect samples to study later. You might also use a computer program like Stellarium to plan your route and avoid danger.

In conclusion, astronomy is a fascinating field that allows us to explore the universe around us. By studying the stars and planets, we can learn more about our own planet and the universe as a whole. By using the tools of astronomy, we can make new discoveries and expand our understanding of the world around us.


text: 1) Project Details: (be as specific as possible): Job Description1) Project Details: (be as specific as possible): Job Description. Hi. I need a quote for a full working clone of this site. [REMOVED]. Bidders must use the message board so that I can verify that they have the cabability to complete this project, and that they can work to both quality standards and deadlines expected.. Please do not bid if you have not completed similar projects.. Thanks. 2) Payment Amount: $500. 3) Payment method/ details (Paypal, check? Timeline?): 18d 23h 2m (ends Aug 12, 2008 03:13 U.S. Eastern Time). 4) Additional Info (about project or potential bidders): [REMOVED]

textbook:
Lesson: How to Create a Job Description

Introduction:
A job description is a document that outlines the responsibilities, qualifications, and duties of a particular job. It is an essential tool for employers and employees to understand the expectations of the position. In this lesson, we will learn how to create a job description by breaking down the components of a typical job posting.

Section 1: Understanding the Job Posting

The first step in creating a job description is to analyze the job posting. Look for the following information:

1. Job Title: This is the official name of the position. It should be clear and concise.
2. Company Name: This is the name of the company or organization that is hiring.
3. Job Location: This is the physical location where the job will be performed.
4. Job Responsibilities: These are the duties and tasks that the employee will be responsible for performing.
5. Required Qualifications: These are the skills, education, and experience required for the position.
6. Salary and Benefits: These are the compensation and benefits provided by the company.
7. Application Process: This is the procedure for applying for the job.

Section 2: Writing the Job Description

Once you have gathered all the necessary information from the job posting, you can begin writing the job description. Follow these steps:

1. Start with a clear and concise job title.
2. Describe the company and its mission statement.
3. Provide details about the job location and working hours.
4. List the primary responsibilities and duties of the position.
5. Detail the required qualifications, including education, experience, and skills.
6. Include information about the salary and benefits package.
7. Outline the application process and any deadlines.

Section 3: Examples and Practice

Let's create a sample job description for a marketing manager position:

Job Title: Marketing Manager
Company Name: XYZ Corporation
Job Location: New York, NY
Application Process: Submit resume and cover letter to [email protected] by August 31, 2021.

Job Responsibilities:
- Develop and implement marketing strategies to increase brand awareness and customer engagement
- Collaborate with cross-functional teams to create targeted advertising campaigns
- Analyze market trends and customer behavior to identify opportunities for growth
- Manage the company's social media presence and produce engaging content
- Monitor the performance of marketing initiatives and adjust strategies as needed

Required Qualifications:
- Bachelor's degree in marketing or related field
- Minimum of 3 years of experience in marketing management
- Strong analytical skills and proficiency in data analysis software
- Excellent communication and collaboration skills
- Ability to work independently and manage multiple projects simultaneously

Salary and Benefits:
- Competitive salary based on experience
- Comprehensive healthcare plan
- 401(k) retirement plan with company match
- Generous paid time off policy

Conclusion:
Creating a job description is an essential part of the hiring process. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can develop a clear and concise job description that accurately reflects the expectations of the position. Remember to tailor your job description to the specific needs of your company and the requirements of the job. With practice, you will become more comfortable creating job descriptions that attract top talent and help your organization succeed.

Glossary:
- Job Posting: A public or private offer to sell a product or service, typically published on a website, in a newspaper or magazine, or on a billboard.
- Job Description: A written statement that describes the nature of the job, including its purpose, objectives, and responsibilities.
- Job Title: The official name of the position, which reflects its purpose and level of responsibility within the organization.


text: Portrait of Elizabeth Taylor works of art went under the hammer. Portrait of Elizabeth Taylor by Andy Warhol sold at auction in new York for more than 662 thousand dollars, according to the Associated Press on Wednesday, December 14.The painting was put up for auction in the framework of the multi-day auction items Taylor, organized by Christie's.On the first day of trading, December 13, customers were offered jewelry that belonged to Taylor. The most expensive lot was a diamond necklace with large pear-shaped pearl, "La Pelegrina", sold for 11,84 million dollars in the estimate of 2-3 million. A diamond ring, given to Taylor by her husband Richard Burton, sold for 8.8 million dollars.Only at auction were sold jewelry actress totaling $ 137 million. Will end auction on Saturday, December 17.Elizabeth Taylor died in March 2011 at age 79 from heart failure. Source: Portrait of Elizabeth Taylor works of art went under the hammer. . Читать полностью -->. Sam -->

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Auctions

Overview:
An auction is a process of buying and selling goods or services by offering them up for bid, taking bids, and then selling the item to the highest bidder. Auctions are used in many industries, including real estate, art, and commodities. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of auctions, including how they work, the different types of auctions, and the role of the auctioneer.

Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

- Define what an auction is
- Identify the different types of auctions
- Explain the role of the auctioneer
- Understand the basic principles of supply and demand in an auction setting

Section 1: What is an Auction?

**Definition:** An auction is a process of buying and selling goods or services by offering them up for bid, taking bids, and then selling the item to the highest bidder.

**Types of Auctions:** There are several different types of auctions, including:

1. English Auction: This is the most common type of auction, where the highest bidder wins the item. Bidding starts at a low price and continues until the auctioneer declares the item sold.

2. Dutch Auction: In this type of auction, the auctioneer starts with a high price and gradually lowers the price until someone bids. The first person to bid wins the item.

3. Sealed Bid Auction: In this type of auction, bidders submit their bids in a sealed envelope, and the highest bidder wins the item.

4. Forced Bidding Auction: This type of auction requires bidders to keep bidding until they reach a predetermined amount. The highest bidder wins the item.

5. Online Auction: This type of auction takes place over the internet, where bidders can participate from anywhere in the world.

Section 2: The Role of the Auctioneer

**Role:** The auctioneer is the person who conducts the auction and is responsible for managing the bidding process. They must be knowledgeable about the items being auctioned and be able to accurately assess their value.

**Responsibilities:** The auctioneer is responsible for:

1. Preparing the items for auction
2. Setting the starting price and bidding increments
3. Managing the bidding process, including accepting bids and declaring the winner
4. Ensuring that all rules and regulations are followed
5. Providing a fair and transparent bidding process

Section 3: Supply and Demand in Auctions

**Supply and Demand:** In an auction setting, supply and demand play a crucial role in determining the final price of an item. The amount of demand for an item affects the price it will fetch at auction, as more people are willing to pay higher prices for items that are in high demand.

**Example:** Let's say there are two paintings up for auction - one by a famous artist and one by an unknown artist. If there are more people interested in the famous artist's painting, the price will be higher because there is more demand for it.

**Conclusion:** In this lesson, we learned about the basics of auctions, including the different types of auctions and the role of the auctioneer. We also explored the basic principles of supply and demand in an auction setting. By understanding these concepts, we can better understand how auctions work and how to participate in them effectively.


text: I've had mine for about 9 mos or so and was looking to try and get rid of the stuff the phone accumulates that we just don't need. Invalid extensions, unused files etc. I understand that a data/cache wipe is one way. Is there a specific way to do this? I'm running BB 0.4 and I'm about to install Indigo Glass. I was hoping to start over fresh with the droid. I have Titanium Backup and Rom Manager. Will a quick backup with one of those save all of my essential data? If not, how do I save the good stuff and not the bad? Thanks, all.

textbook:
Core Value: The importance of regular maintenance for smartphones to keep them running smoothly and efficiently.

Lesson: How to Perform a System Cache Partition Wipe on Android Devices

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to perform a system cache partition wipe on Android devices. This process helps to improve the performance of your device by deleting the temporary files and other unnecessary data that accumulates over time. It is an essential maintenance task that you should perform regularly to keep your device running smoothly and efficiently.

Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
- A system cache partition wipe is a process that deletes the temporary files and other unnecessary data stored in the cache partition of your Android device.
- This process improves the performance of your device by freeing up space and reducing the load time of applications.

Section 2: Practical Examples
- To perform a system cache partition wipe on your Android device, you will need to access the recovery mode. For most devices, you can do this by pressing and holding the power button, volume down button, and home button simultaneously.
- Once in recovery mode, use the volume buttons to navigate to "wipe cache partition" and press the power button to select it.
- Your device will then delete the temporary files and other unnecessary data stored in the cache partition, which will improve the performance of your device.

Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
- After performing a system cache partition wipe, you may notice a significant improvement in the speed and responsiveness of your device.
- This process is particularly useful if you are experiencing issues such as lag or slow loading times.
- It is recommended to perform this process at least once every few months to keep your device running smoothly and efficiently.

Glossary:
- Cache partition: A partition on an Android device that stores temporary files and other data used by applications.
- Recovery mode: A special mode on Android devices that allows you to perform certain tasks such as installing new firmware or wiping the cache partition.

Conclusion:
Performing a system cache partition wipe on your Android device is an essential maintenance task that you should do regularly to keep your device running smoothly and efficiently. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can easily perform this process and enjoy the improved performance of your device. Remember to save your essential data before performing this task using Titanium Backup or Rom Manager.


text: Make: Busts and Mixed Stuff. Markku Valtonen is a self-taught artist whose works surprise a visitor across the Museum Gustaf.. Valtonen is a Helsinki-born rock musician who has over the years been more and more occupied by visual art. Since 1990s he has sculpted wood which is his principal material.. Valtonen's works contain blooming humour that does not leave the audience cold.. The exhibition at Museum Gustaf consists also works made of other material. The majority of the works, however, is sculpted wood that has also been painted. The exhibition entails also texts by poet Tomi Kontio who has written them based on the works exhibited.. Markku Valtonen works have been showcased at Museum Gustaf since it was opened. The wood sculptures depicting the workers of the mill telling their stories have been part of the first main exhibition. After the exhibition was dismantled, the sculptures were relocated within the museum.. >.

textbook:
Lesson: Self-Taught Artist Markku Valtonen

Introduction:
Markku Valtonen is a self-taught artist who creates busts and mixed stuff. In this lesson, we will learn about his journey as an artist and the materials he uses to create his masterpieces.

Section 1: Background
Markku Valtonen was born in Helsinki, Finland, and is a rock musician. Over the years, he became more interested in visual arts and started sculpting wood as his primary material.

Section 2: Materials and Techniques
Valtonen primarily uses wood as his medium, but he also works with other materials such as metal and plastic. He sculpts his pieces by hand and sometimes paints them to add color and depth to his creations.

Section 3: Style and Themes
Valtonen's style is characterized by humor, which he incorporates into his works. His sculptures often depict human figures engaged in everyday activities or telling stories.

Section 4: Exhibitions and Recognition
Valtonen's works have been displayed at the Museum Gustaf, where he has had several solo exhibitions. His sculptures are also part of the museum's permanent collection.

Section 5: Critical Analysis
Valtonen's sculptures are unique and captivating due to their use of humor and human elements. They evoke emotions and tell stories that resonate with viewers.

Glossary:
- Sculpture: A three-dimensional art form that involves carving, modeling, or casting a material to create a physical object.
- Medium: The materials used by an artist to create their work, such as paint, clay, or wood.
- Humor: The quality of being amusing or comic, often characterized by irony, sarcasm, or ridicule.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Markku Valtonen's self-taught journey as an artist is an inspiration to those who wish to pursue their passion despite their background or education. By using wood as his primary medium and incorporating humor into his works, Valtonen has created a unique style that resonates with viewers. This lesson has taught us the importance of persistence, creativity, and the use of materials to express ideas.


text: Congratulations to Stephen Messier, professor of health and exercise science, whose proposal entitled “Strength Training and Arthritis Trial (START)” has been funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under award number 5R01AR059105-03. In addition, Messier’s research was recently featured on the ElderBranch website. Read the article here ». Congratulations to Jennifer J. Burg, computer science professor, whose proposal entitled “Collaborative Research: Computing in the Arts – A community Building Initiative” has been funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF).. Categories: Faculty News. Tags: Computer science, Funding, Health and Exercise Science, Jennifer Burg, Steve Messier

textbook:
Lesson: How to Write a Proposal

Introduction: Writing a proposal is an essential skill that can help you secure funding for your research or project. In this lesson, we will learn how to write a proposal that is clear, concise, and persuasive.

Section 1: Understanding the Purpose of a Proposal

A proposal is a document that outlines your ideas and plans for a research project or program. The purpose of a proposal is to convince the reader that your idea is worth funding.

Questions and Answers:

Q: What is the purpose of a proposal?
A: The purpose of a proposal is to convince the reader that your idea is worth funding.

Q: Who reads a proposal?
A: A proposal is typically read by a grant committee or a funding organization.

Section 2: Writing a Clear and Concise Proposal

A clear and concise proposal should be easy to read and understand. Here are some tips for writing a clear and concise proposal:

1. Use simple language: Avoid using technical jargon or complicated words that may be difficult for the reader to understand.

2. Stay focused: Keep your proposal focused on the main idea and avoid going off on tangents.

3. Use headings and subheadings: Use headings and subheadings to break up your proposal into sections that are easy to read.

4. Use bullet points: Use bullet points to make your proposal easy to read and understand.

5. Use active voice: Use active voice to make your proposal sound more engaging and dynamic.

Section 3: Writing a Persuasive Proposal

A persuasive proposal should convince the reader that your idea is worth funding. Here are some tips for writing a persuasive proposal:

1. Start with a strong introduction: Your introduction should grab the reader's attention and make them want to read more.

2. Highlight the benefits: Highlight the benefits of your research or program and how it will make a difference in the world.

3. Use data and statistics: Use data and statistics to support your proposal and show that your research or program is necessary.

4. Address potential concerns: Address any potential concerns or objections the reader may have and provide solutions.

5. End with a call to action: End your proposal with a call to action that encourages the reader to fund your research or program.

Conclusion: Writing a proposal is an essential skill that can help you secure funding for your research or project. By following the tips in this lesson, you can write a clear, concise, and persuasive proposal that will convince the reader that your idea is worth funding.

Glossary:
- Proposal: A document that outlines your ideas and plans for a research project or program.
- Grant committee: A group of people who review and decide on funding proposals.
- Funding organization: An organization that provides funding for research projects or programs.