text: AutoScale Your Clusters. Scaling is the ability to easily increase or decrease a resource to accommodate heavier or lighter loads. In Azure CycleCloud, jobs can be easily scaled up when the load increases, or scaled down to conserve cost. This can be done automatically or manually.. Auto-Scaling. When creating a new cluster via the GUI, the Compute Backend tab allows you to choose to auto-scale your cluster and add execute hosts as required. Check the box to allow CycleCloud to start and stop execute nodes as required, and set the number of initial and maximum cores allowed.. Setting a Max Cores number will limit the number of nodes started to ensure your workload does not run unfetted. You can also set up an usage alert when submitting your job to ensure a budget is not exceeded.. Auto-Scaling in Cluster Template. By default, auto-scaling is disabled for all new clusters. To enable it, add the following to your cluster template:. Autoscale = true ... MaxCoreCount = xx

textbook:
Lesson: Auto-Scaling in Azure CycleCloud

## Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about auto-scaling in Azure CycleCloud. Auto-scaling is the ability to easily increase or decrease a resource to accommodate heavier or lighter loads. In CycleCloud, jobs can be easily scaled up when the load increases, or scaled down to conserve cost. This can be done automatically or manually.

## Section 2: What is Auto-Scaling?
Auto-scaling is a feature that allows you to automatically adjust the number of resources in your cluster based on the current workload. This means that if your job requires more resources, CycleCloud will start more nodes to handle the increased load. Conversely, if your job requires fewer resources, CycleCloud will stop some nodes to save money.

## Section 3: How does Auto-Scaling work?
Auto-scaling works by monitoring the resource usage of your job. When the resource usage reaches a certain threshold, CycleCloud will start or stop nodes as needed to maintain the desired level of performance.

## Section 4: How do I enable Auto-Scaling?
To enable auto-scaling in CycleCloud, you must first create a cluster template. In the Compute Backend tab, check the box to allow CycleCloud to start and stop execute nodes as required. You can also set the number of initial and maximum cores allowed.

## Section 5: Why would I want to use Auto-Scaling?
There are several reasons why you might want to use auto-scaling in CycleCloud. First, it can help you save money by only using the resources you need. Second, it can help you ensure that your job always has enough resources to complete its work in a timely manner. Finally, it can help you avoid downtime caused by overloading your cluster.

## Section 6: How do I set up an usage alert when submitting my job?
To set up an usage alert when submitting your job, you can use the "Usage Alert" feature in CycleCloud. This feature allows you to set up a notification that will be sent to you when your job's resource usage reaches a certain threshold.

## Section 7: Conclusion
In conclusion, auto-scaling in Azure CycleCloud is a powerful tool that can help you save money and ensure that your job always has enough resources to complete its work. By enabling auto-scaling in your cluster template and setting up usage alerts, you can ensure that your job always has the resources it needs while avoiding unnecessary expenses.


text: How to choose the best Yoga Teacher Training - Yoga Course in India Finding the best Yoga teacher training or retreat can be difficult, especially if we are looking at Yoga schools in India. This is obvious and natural, it would be really awkward and sad if there weren't hundreds or thousands of Yoga courses, schools and teachers at the birthplace of the most ancient and holistic spiritual practice known to humanity, the glorious science of Yoga. We all want the best education, asana practice and Yoga teachers to help us develop a strong Yoga practice and 04/05/2018

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: How to Choose the Best Yoga Teacher Training in India
Introduction:
Yoga is an ancient practice that originated in India. It is a combination of physical, mental, and spiritual disciplines that aim to attain harmony in the body and mind. If you are interested in becoming a yoga teacher, India is one of the best places to get trained. However, with so many yoga schools and courses available, it can be challenging to choose the right one. In this lesson, we will discuss the key factors to consider when selecting a yoga teacher training course in India.
Section 1: Key Factors to Consider
1. Reputation and Experience:
One of the most crucial factors to consider when choosing a yoga teacher training course is the reputation and experience of the school. Look for a school that has been in operation for several years and has a good reputation in the yoga community. Check online reviews and testimonials from past students to get an idea of their experience.
2. Style of Yoga:
Different schools have different styles of yoga, and it is essential to choose one that aligns with your personal practice. Some schools focus on Hatha yoga, while others specialize in Ashtanga or Vinyasa yoga. Make sure you research the style of yoga taught at the school before enrolling.
3. Course Duration and Schedule:
The duration and schedule of the course should also be considered. Most yoga teacher training courses last between two to four weeks, but some may be longer or shorter. Consider your schedule and how much time you can commit to the course. Also, make sure the course schedule works for you and that you can attend all the sessions.
4. Location and Accommodation:
The location of the school is another factor to consider. If you are traveling from another country or city, make sure the location is accessible and convenient for you. Also, consider the accommodation options available. Some schools provide accommodation, while others do not. You may also want to look into local hotels or hostels if the school does not offer accommodation.
Section 2: Practical Examples
Let's say you are interested in a yoga teacher training course in Rishikesh, India. Here are some practical examples of how to apply the factors discussed above:
1. Reputation and Experience:
Research the school's reputation and experience. Look for reviews and testimonials from past students and check if the school has any awards or recognition in the yoga community.
2. Style of Yoga:
Check the style of yoga taught at the school. If you prefer Hatha yoga, look for a school that specializes in that style. If you enjoy Ashtanga yoga, find a school that offers that particular style.
3. Course Duration and Schedule:
Consider the course duration and schedule. Make sure the school offers a course that fits your timeline and schedule. Also, ensure that the course schedule works for you and that you can attend all the sessions.
4. Location and Accommodation:
Look for a school that is easily accessible and convenient for you. Consider the accommodation options available. If the school does not offer accommodation, research local hotels or hostels that you can stay in during the course.
Section 3: Conclusion
In conclusion, choosing the best yoga teacher training course in India requires careful consideration of several factors. By considering the reputation and experience of the school, the style of yoga taught, the course duration and schedule, and the location and accommodation options, you can make an informed decision and select the right course for your needs. Remember to always trust your instincts and choose a school that feels right for you. With the right training, you can become a great yoga teacher and share your passion for yoga with others.


text:
As featured on:

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source: minipile

textbook:
**Title:** Meditation for Beginners: A Simple Program to Reduce Stress and Improve Health

**Introduction:** Meditation is a powerful tool that has been practiced for thousands of years. It is an effective way to reduce stress, increase focus, and improve overall well-being. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of meditation and provide a simple program that anyone can follow.

**Section 1: What is Meditation?**

Meditation is a mental exercise that involves focusing your attention and calming your mind. It is an ancient practice that has been used for spiritual growth, mental clarity, and physical healing. Meditation can be done anywhere and at any time, making it an excellent tool for managing stress and improving overall health.

**Section 2: How does Meditation work?**

Meditation works by training your mind to focus on the present moment. When you meditate, you learn to observe your thoughts without judgment or attachment. This process helps to calm your mind and reduce stress. Regular meditation has been shown to increase gray matter in the hippocampus, which is responsible for learning and memory. This means that meditation can improve your ability to focus and retain information.

**Section 3: A Simple Meditation Program for Beginners**

Here is a simple meditation program that anyone can follow:

1. Start with just a few minutes of meditation each day.
2. Find a quiet place where you can sit or lie down comfortably.
3. Close your eyes and take slow, deep breaths.
4. Focus your attention on your breath as it moves in and out of your body.
5. If your mind wanders, gently bring your attention back to your breath.
6. Continue for 5-10 minutes.
7. Gradually increase the length of your meditation sessions as you become more comfortable.
8. Remember to be patient with yourself and don't judge your progress. Meditation takes practice and dedication.

**Section 4: Benefits of Meditation**

Regular meditation has been shown to have many benefits, including:

- Reduced stress and anxiety
- Improved concentration and focus
- Increased self-awareness and emotional intelligence
- Better sleep quality
- Improved immune system function

**Glossary:**

- Gray matter: the part of the brain responsible for processing information from the senses.
- Hippocampus: a region of the brain that is involved in learning and memory.

**Conclusion:**

Meditation is a powerful tool that can improve your physical, mental, and emotional well-being. By following a simple meditation program, you can reduce stress, increase focus, and improve overall health. With dedication and practice, anyone can experience the incredible benefits of meditation.


text: Relax in our wellness area. In our Wellness area you will find a wide range of treatments and spa packages, with all products of our precious olive oil , rich in vitamin E, a powerful anti-aging , to counteract cell aging , and vitamin A , which is useful in stimulate cell renewal.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Wellness and Spa Packages

**Objective:** In this lesson, we will learn about the benefits of wellness and spa packages, including the use of natural products such as olive oil for anti-aging and cell renewal. We will also explore the different types of treatments available and how to choose the right package for our needs.

**Section 1: Introduction to Wellness and Spa Packages**

Wellness and spa packages are becoming increasingly popular as people look for ways to relax and rejuvenate their bodies and minds. These packages often include a variety of treatments and services, such as massages, facials, and body treatments, designed to promote overall health and wellness.

**Section 2: Benefits of Wellness and Spa Packages**

There are many benefits to receiving wellness and spa treatments. For example, massages can help reduce stress and tension, while facials can improve skin texture and clarity. Body treatments can help detoxify the body and improve circulation. Additionally, many spas use natural products such as olive oil, which is rich in antioxidants and other nutrients that can help combat aging and promote cell renewal.

**Section 3: Types of Treatments and Services**

Wellness and spa packages can include a variety of treatments and services, including:

- Massages: There are many different types of massages, such as Swedish, deep tissue, and sports massages. These treatments can help relieve tension and stress, improve circulation, and promote relaxation.
- Facials: Facials are treatments for the face that can help cleanse, exfoliate, and nourish the skin. They can also improve skin texture and clarity.
- Body treatments: Body treatments can include scrubs, wraps, and other techniques designed to detoxify and nourish the skin.
- Nail services: Many spas offer manicures and pedicures, which can help maintain healthy nails and skin.

**Section 4: Choosing the Right Package**

When choosing a wellness and spa package, there are several factors to consider. First, consider your budget and the cost of the package. Next, think about what types of treatments you would like to receive, such as massages or facials. Finally, consider the reputation and location of the spa, as well as any additional amenities or services they offer.

**Conclusion:** In conclusion, wellness and spa packages can provide numerous benefits for both physical and mental health. By understanding the different types of treatments and services available, as well as considering factors such as cost and reputation, we can choose the right package for our needs and enjoy a relaxing and rejuvenating experience.

**Glossary:**
- Wellness: The state of being in good health, physically, mentally, and socially.
- Spa: A location where people can go to relax and rejuvenate through various treatments and services.
- Package: A set of treatments or services offered by a spa.
- Olive oil: A natural product derived from olives, which is rich in antioxidants and other nutrients.
- Antioxidants: Substances that prevent or delay cell damage caused by free radicals.
- Cell renewal: The process of replacing old or damaged cells with new, healthy cells.
- Aging: The process of growing older and the changes that occur in the body over time.


text:
Gas Fitting Hilton

Gas Fitting Hilton

Get the Best Service for Gas Fittings

Gas is an imperative constituent of any kitchen, gas could be a serious issue that would accompany several other troubles. The residents of highly populated cities like Hilton do often face such issues regarding gas.

Being the city of festivals, Hilton residents are accessed by guests most often, and if the gas creates any issues, then it is certainly a reason to get humiliated. You need to be helped by

Gas Fitters Hilton

The Hilton Plumber is certainly the first choice preferred by the residents around Hilton. We offer excellent and top notch services for 24 hours and 7 days. We do have proficiently trained Gas Fitters in Hilton.
Our experts are well trained for providing the best services for Gas Fitting Hilton. We can almost deal with every kind of issues of gas. At The Hilton Plumber we do have highly qualified, experienced and licensed fitters.
Our gas fitters being licensed can carry out the works like gas repair, gas installation as well as a gas replacement (If required).

Undergoing extensive training our expert professionals are proficient in every aspect of Gas Fitting Hilton. Our experts at First Choice Plumber are equipped with modern and high-end technical tools for ensuring the best results of gas fittings.

Gas BBQs Installation & Repairs Hilton

Do you need to install, move, convert or repair your BBQ, then without any second thought contact The Hilton Plumber for Gas Fitting Hilton; you would get the best solutions and services. Our professionals do have access to everything that ensures to provide you the right solution for your BBQs needs.

The qualified, licensed professionals at The Hilton Plumber can install and commission the new BBQ gas and even relocate your existing BBQ gas. The First Choice Plumber professionals are even expertise in converting the BBQ natural gas to LPG and even vice versa.

Leaking Gas Hilton

The leaking gas can be dangerous for any one. If you notice leaking gas pipe or any trouble in the appliance in Hilton you need to access risk assessment. You mustn’t take such issues lightly as the health of your family or office staffs are concerned with this, you must take safety initiatives.
You need to call The Hilton Plumber the only expert Gas Fitters Hilton. As soon as we receive your notification, we would assign a highly trained professional for your property who would survey the every bit of the gas network. After pointing out the issues in the gas, the professional would take steps for repairing and replacing as required.

Our Gas Fitters Hilton does have a high range of gas plumbing parts in spare with all other materials in our highly configured van. We carry all of the necessary spares and tools all the time so that that work would not get delayed. Our experts at The Hilton Plumber do have all the spares for Gas Fitting Hilton that enables them to repair the issues on the site.

Gas Cook Tops and Ovens Hilton

You may need Gas Fitting Hilton professionals any time for your gas cooking appliances. The Hilton Plumber is the expert professional which you need to remember. The professionals at First Choice Plumber are highly qualified and licensed to repair your cooking appliances. Have wide experience and are well equipped for carrying out installation, relocations and repairs of these gas cook tops and ovens. We flawlessly install new cooking gas ovens, gas stoves, and even gas hotplates.
We are also expertise in repairing any existing fault with your gas cooking appliance. Our Gas Fitters Hilton is ever prepared to attend your issues and with the carried along appliances we ensure on spot resolving the issues.

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The professionals at First Choice Plumber, our Gas Fitters Hilton are excellently able to install, commission, reposition and repair the gas room heaters. Our experts are highly proficient in executing the works with their high skills and knowledge on wide types, brands, and models of gas room heaters. The professionals for Gas Fitting Hilton are highly trained, licensed and well equipped.

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Though you have installed a water heater, you may sometimes get cold water, which is an indication that the appliance has gone faulty. Call us immediately at First Choice Plumber, our professional for Gas Fitting Hilton would attend you within few minutes.

The Gas Fitters Hilton with us is licensed, qualified and trained to either repair or install a new gas water heater if required. Don’t wait to get the thing worsen, call us now. We have the perfect solution. We have large stocks of wide-ranging gas water heater units; we would replace the old one with a new one as per your choice of brand.
We deal with any gas appliances that are used in Hilton residential and commercial spaces. We are ready to serve you with our well-equipped professional Gas Fitters Hilton who is well trained and highly knowledgeable. It would be worthy for you to contact us.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Gas Fitting

**Overview:** In this lesson, we will learn about gas fitting and its importance in our daily lives. We will cover the basics of gas systems, safety precautions, and the tools and techniques used by gas fitters. By the end of this lesson, you will have a basic understanding of gas fitting and be able to identify common gas fitting problems.

**Section 1: What is Gas Fitting?**

Gas fitting is the process of installing, maintaining, and repairing gas systems in homes and businesses. Gas systems are essential for heating, cooking, and other household appliances. Gas fitting involves working with various types of gases, including natural gas, propane, and butane.

**Section 2: Safety Precautions**

Safety is a top priority when working with gas systems. Gas fitters must follow strict safety guidelines to prevent accidents and injuries. Some of the safety precautions include:

- Wearing protective clothing and equipment
- Working in well-ventilated areas
- Turning off the gas supply before performing any work
- Using appropriate tools and techniques
- Checking for gas leaks before and after completing work

**Section 3: Tools and Techniques**

Gas fitters use various tools and techniques to install, maintain, and repair gas systems. Some of the common tools and techniques include:

- Pipe wrenches and cutting tools
- Compression fittings and couplings
- Pressure gauges and leak detectors
- Gas regulators and manifolds

**Section 4: Common Problems**

Some of the common problems that gas fitters encounter include:

- Gas leaks
- Blocked gas lines
- Damaged or corroded pipes
- Incorrectly sized pipes
- Insufficient ventilation

**Section 5: Conclusion**

In conclusion, gas fitting is an essential trade that involves installing, maintaining, and repairing gas systems in homes and businesses. Gas fitters must follow strict safety guidelines to prevent accidents and injuries. By understanding the basics of gas systems, safety precautions, and the tools and techniques used by gas fitters, you can identify common gas fitting problems and appreciate the importance of gas fitting in our daily lives.


text: But what happened was an anti-climax. Both India and Pakistan lost the semi-finals. England were the runners-up in 1975 and 1979 respectively and wanted to win the trophy this time. It was a very closely contested final at the Eden Gardens, with Australia emerging victorious by 7 runs, restricting England to 246. English captain Mike Gatting was playing very well and looked on course to take his team to victory, until he played a reverse sweep and handed over the initiative to Australia. The Aussie team were not given much chance during the World Cup, but team performances in each match ensured that they won the silverware for the first time ever under the captaincy of Allan Border.. DHCF Nishant Raizaday for diehardcricketfans

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Teamwork in Sports

Introduction:
Sports are not just about individual performance, but also about teamwork. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of teamwork in sports, using the example of cricket. We will look at how teamwork can lead to success and how it can also lead to failure.

Section 1: The Importance of Teamwork
Teamwork is essential in sports because it allows players to work together towards a common goal. In cricket, this goal is to win the match. Players must communicate with each other, support each other, and trust each other to achieve this goal.

Questions and Answers:
- Why is teamwork important in sports?
- Because it allows players to work together towards a common goal.
- How does teamwork help in cricket?
- Teamwork helps cricket players communicate, support, and trust each other to win the match.

Section 2: The Role of Individual Players
While teamwork is crucial in sports, individual players also play a significant role. Each player has their own strengths and weaknesses, and they must use these to contribute to the team's overall performance.

Questions and Answers:
- What is the role of individual players in teamwork?
- Individual players have their own strengths and weaknesses, which they must use to contribute to the team's overall performance.
- How can individual players improve their teamwork skills?
- Individual players can improve their teamwork skills by communicating with their teammates, supporting each other, and trusting each other.

Section 3: The Importance of Communication
Communication is a vital part of teamwork. Players must communicate with each other to ensure that they are working towards the same goal and to avoid misunderstandings.

Questions and Answers:
- Why is communication important in teamwork?
- Communication is important because it helps players work towards the same goal and avoid misunderstandings.
- How can players improve their communication skills?
- Players can improve their communication skills by practicing active listening, speaking clearly, and being open to feedback.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, teamwork is essential in sports because it allows players to work together towards a common goal. While individual players also play a significant role, communication is a vital part of teamwork. By improving their communication skills, individual players can contribute to the team's overall performance and achieve success.

Glossary:
- Teamwork: Working together towards a common goal
- Communication: Sharing information and ideas with others
- Strengths: Qualities or abilities that are good or useful
- Weaknesses: Qualities or abilities that are bad or not useful

Self-Debate Discussion:
- Can you think of any other sports where teamwork is essential?
- Yes, teamwork is essential in sports like soccer, basketball, and volleyball.
- How can players improve their teamwork skills?
- Players can improve their teamwork skills by practicing active listening, speaking clearly, and being open to feedback.


text: Patrick has been instructed in complex investigations for a variety of bodies, including off-shore regulators, prosecuting and defending.. In 2011 Patrick was the senior legal officer in a team conducting a sensitive offshore investigation of a Middle Eastern oil company on the basis of his detailed understanding of non-proliferation sanctions and international law.. Patrick has also been involved in serious fraud investigations for the London based Financial Reporting Council ('FRC') in relation to investigating large multi-million companies, (the collapse of Farepak being notable), and also accountancy auditors for malpractice, (Grant Thornton).. Patrick worked on these investigations as part of a team: going through schedules of financial evidence and assisting the FRC develop their ‘best practice’ policy for large fraud prosecutions.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Investigations

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
In this lesson, we will learn about investigations and the legal process involved in them. An investigation is a detailed examination of a particular issue or event. It involves gathering information, analyzing evidence, and drawing conclusions based on that evidence. Investigations can be conducted by individuals, organizations, or governments, and they are used to solve crimes, prevent future incidents, and ensure justice.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
Let's consider an example of an investigation. Suppose there has been a robbery at a local store. The police are called to the scene and begin an investigation. They collect evidence such as fingerprints, security camera footage, and witness statements. They analyze this evidence and use it to identify a suspect. The suspect is arrested and charged with the robbery. Throughout the legal process, the evidence collected during the investigation is used to prove the suspect's guilt or innocence.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Investigations are an important part of our legal system. They help to ensure that crimes are solved and that those responsible are held accountable. However, investigations can also be challenging and time-consuming. For example, in the case of the Middle Eastern oil company mentioned earlier, the investigation was complex and required a detailed understanding of international law. Similarly, the Farepak collapse involved a large amount of financial evidence that needed to be carefully analyzed.

## Glossary
- Investigation: A detailed examination of a particular issue or event.
- Evidence: Information that is used to prove or disprove something.
- Legal Process: The system of laws and procedures that govern our society.
- Crime: An act that violates a law and is punishable by the state.
- Justice: The fair and impartial treatment of individuals according to the law.

## Conclusion
In conclusion, investigations are an important part of our legal system. They involve gathering evidence, analyzing it, and drawing conclusions based on that evidence. This lesson has provided a basic understanding of investigations and their role in the legal process. By applying the concepts learned in this lesson, you can continue to learn more about investigations and their importance in ensuring justice and accountability.


text:
Chronic subdural hematoma associated with arachnoid cyst in young adults: a case report.
Intracranial arachnoid cysts are believed to be congenital; they can become symptomatic in pediatric patients. Chronic subdural hematomas tend to occur in elderly patients with a history of mild head injury a few months prior to the onset of symptoms. However, these two distinct clinical entities sporadically occur together in relatively young patients. We report a 29-year-old man who presented with headache and dizziness of 2 months' duration. Brain computed tomography revealed a huge chronic subdural hematoma over the left frontoparietal lobe, with an incidental finding of an arachnoid cyst over the left sylvian fissure. In light of a literature review, we discuss arachnoid cysts as a possible risk factor for subdural hematoma, especially in young adults.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Neurosurgery

### Section 1: Introduction to Neurosurgery

Neurosurgery is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and surgical treatment of disorders of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. It is a highly specialized field that requires extensive training and expertise. In this lesson, we will introduce you to the basics of neurosurgery, including its history, techniques, and applications.

### Section 2: History of Neurosurgery

The history of neurosurgery dates back to ancient times when people tried to treat head injuries by drilling holes into the skull to release pressure. However, it was not until the 18th century that modern neurosurgery began to take shape. In 1793, French surgeon Pierre Flourens performed the first successful operation on the spinal cord, which marked the beginning of modern neurosurgery. Since then, numerous advancements have been made in the field, including the development of new techniques and technologies that allow for more precise and effective treatments.

### Section 3: Techniques and Technologies in Neurosurgery

There are several techniques and technologies used in neurosurgery, including:

1. Microneurosurgery: This technique involves the use of microscopes and specialized instruments to perform surgery on the nervous system. It is often used to treat conditions such as tumors, aneurysms, and hydrocephalus.

2. Endoscopic neurosurgery: This technique uses a small camera and specialized instruments to perform surgery through small incisions. It is often used to treat conditions such as brain tumors and trigeminal neuralgia.

3. Stereotactic neurosurgery: This technique uses computer-generated images to guide surgical instruments to specific points within the brain. It is often used to treat conditions such as Parkinson's disease and epilepsy.

4. Neuroendoscopy: This technique involves the use of a small camera and specialized instruments to perform surgery through the nose or ear. It is often used to treat conditions such as pituitary tumors and brain tumors.

### Section 4: Applications of Neurosurgery

Neurosurgery has numerous applications, including:

1. Treatment of brain tumors: Neurosurgery can be used to remove or biopsy tumors that are causing symptoms or growing rapidly.

2. Treatment of spinal cord injuries: Neurosurgery can be used to repair damaged spinal cord tissue and restore function.

3. Treatment of hydrocephalus: Neurosurgery can be used to implant a shunt to drain excess fluid from the brain.

4. Treatment of epilepsy: Neurosurgery can be used to remove the part of the brain that is causing seizures.

5. Treatment of Parkinson's disease: Neurosurgery can be used to implant electrodes in the brain to stimulate specific areas and reduce symptoms.

### Section 5: Conclusion

In conclusion, neurosurgery is a complex and specialized field that requires extensive training and expertise. It has numerous applications in treating disorders of the nervous system, including brain tumors, spinal cord injuries, and hydrocephalus. By understanding the basics of neurosurgery, you can gain a better appreciation for this important medical specialty and its potential impact on human health.


text: Rising drug trade threatens Myanmar's aspirations. - Published: 25 Mar 2013 at 10.40. - Online news: Asia.. In this Feb 19, 2013 photo, an ethnic Pa-O poppy farmer holds a harvested poppy stem with dried-up opium sap in a poppy cultivation in central Shan state, Myanmar. Far from Myanmar's postcard-perfect pagodas and colonial relics, the remote mountain villages of southern Shan State do not appear on maps of Myanmar or in any guide books. In obscurity, they have been ground zero for Myanmar's drug trade which has thrived on poverty and corruption. (AP Photo/Gemunu Amarasinghe). Opium, its derivative heroin and methamphetamines are surging across Myanmar's borders in quantities that the United Nations and police in neighbouring countries say are the highest levels in years..

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Drug Trade and Its Impact on Society

**Objective:** To understand the impact of drug trade on society and the measures taken to control it.

**Materials:** None

**Introduction:** Drug trade refers to the production, distribution, and sale of drugs, including illicit substances such as opium, heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamines. It is a global issue that has significant consequences on society, including health, social, and economic impacts. In this lesson, we will explore the drug trade in Myanmar and its impact on the country's aspirations.

**Section 1: Understanding Drug Trade**

**Topic 1: Definition of Drug Trade**
Drug trade refers to the production, distribution, and sale of drugs, including illicit substances such as opium, heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamines. It is a global issue that has significant consequences on society, including health, social, and economic impacts.

**Topic 2: Types of Drugs Involved in Drug Trade**
There are several types of drugs involved in drug trade, including opium, heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamines. These drugs have different effects on the human body and are produced and sold for different purposes.

**Topic 3: Production and Distribution of Drugs**
Drugs are produced and distributed through various channels, including smuggling, trafficking, and transportation. The production and distribution of drugs require a complex network of individuals and organizations, including producers, distributors, and consumers.

**Section 2: Impact of Drug Trade on Society**

**Topic 1: Health Impacts**
The use of drugs has significant health impacts on individuals and society as a whole. Drugs can cause addiction, overdose, and other health problems, including lung cancer, heart disease, and HIV/AIDS.

**Topic 2: Social Impacts**
Drug trade has significant social impacts on society, including crime, violence, and social disorder. Drug use can lead to criminal behavior, including theft, assault, and murder. It can also lead to social disorder, including homelessness, unemployment, and family breakdown.

**Topic 3: Economic Impacts**
Drug trade has significant economic impacts on society, including costs associated with healthcare, law enforcement, and criminal justice. It also leads to the loss of productivity and income, as individuals become addicted to drugs and are unable to work or contribute to the economy.

**Section 3: Measures to Control Drug Trade**

**Topic 1: Law Enforcement**
Law enforcement agencies play a crucial role in controlling drug trade by arresting drug producers, distributors, and consumers. They use various methods, including surveillance, undercover operations, and raids, to identify and apprehend drug dealers.

**Topic 2: International Cooperation**
Controlling drug trade requires international cooperation, as drugs often cross national borders. International organizations such as the United Nations and Interpol work together to share information, resources, and expertise to combat drug trade.

**Topic 3: Prevention and Education**
Prevention and education programs aim to reduce drug use by educating individuals about the dangers of drug use and providing them with alternative activities. These programs can take place in schools, communities, and prisons.

**Conclusion:** Drug trade is a global issue that has significant consequences on society, including health, social, and economic impacts. By understanding the nature of drug trade and the measures taken to control it, we can better appreciate the challenges faced by society and work towards finding solutions to this problem.

**Glossary:**
- Drug trade: The production, distribution, and sale of drugs, including illicit substances such as opium, heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamines.
- Illicit substances: Drugs that are produced, distributed, or used illegally.
- Addiction: A chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug-seeking behavior, despite negative consequences.
- Overdose: The taking of more than the recommended amount of a drug, leading to serious adverse effects or death.
- Lung cancer: A type of cancer that occurs in the lungs, usually as a result of smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke.
- Heart disease: A group of diseases that involve the heart muscle or blood vessels, including coronary artery disease, heart attack, and heart failure.
- HIV/AIDS: A sexually transmitted infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which attacks the immune system and can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
- Criminal behavior: Behavior that violates the law or societal norms, including theft, assault, and murder.
- Homelessness: The condition of living without a permanent dwelling, such as a house or apartment.
- Unemployment: The state of being without work, especially when seeking employment.
- Crime: An act committed or omitted in violation of a law or moral principle, including theft, assault, and murder.
- Justice: The concept of fairness and equality before the law, including the administration of justice according to the rules of law.


text: To find a. good trainer, you can approach your local gym and enquire about personal training OrangeCounty. et al.. Expert Personal Fitness Trainer. Merits. Look out. for the following qualities when choosing a private coach for personal training. OrangeCounty:. What To Expect During. Sessions. The first. session of Personal. TrainingOrangeCounty. is dedicated to assessing your level of fitness, body measurements,. history of exercise and health, and your goals. Before beginning, personal. trainers normally ask detail questions regarding your goals. From then on, each. meeting will comprise of workouts such as weight training, cardio, flexibility. and other exercises that will help you attain your target weight.. Robert Wilk is a Personal fitness trainer. He. has written more articles about Personal. Trainer Huntington Beach, Personal Training Newport Beach. and Long Beach Personal Trainer. For more information visit our site. {pixabay|100|campaign}

textbook:
Lesson: How to Choose a Good Personal Trainer
Introduction:
Finding a good personal trainer can be a daunting task, especially if you are new to fitness or don't know what to look for. In this lesson, we will explore the qualities to look for in a personal trainer and how to choose one that is right for you.
Section 1: Qualities to Look For in a Personal Trainer
- Experience: A good personal trainer should have at least two years of experience in the fitness industry. They should be knowledgeable about different exercises, techniques, and safety protocols.
- Certification: A personal trainer should have a certification from a reputable organization such as NASM, ACE, or NSCA. This ensures that they have undergone proper training and are knowledgeable about anatomy, nutrition, and exercise physiology.
- Personality: A good personal trainer should be personable, friendly, and able to connect with their clients. They should be able to motivate and inspire their clients to reach their fitness goals.
- Communication Skills: A personal trainer should be able to communicate effectively with their clients. They should be able to explain exercises, techniques, and safety protocols clearly and concisely.
Section 2: What to Expect During Sessions
- Assessment: The first session of personal training is dedicated to assessing your level of fitness, body measurements, history of exercise and health, and your goals.
- Workout Plan: Before beginning, personal trainers normally ask detailed questions regarding your goals. From then on, each meeting will comprise of workouts such as weight training, cardio, flexibility, and other exercises that will help you attain your target weight.
- Progress Tracking: A good personal trainer should track your progress and adjust your workout plan accordingly. They should also provide feedback on your form, technique, and progress.
Section 3: Benefits of Personal Training
- Customized Workouts: Personal training allows you to receive customized workouts tailored to your specific needs and goals.
- Accountability: A personal trainer holds you accountable for showing up to your sessions and working hard during them.
- Safety: A personal trainer can ensure that you are performing exercises safely and correctly, reducing the risk of injury.
- Motivation: A personal trainer can provide motivation and support, helping you stay committed to your fitness goals.
Conclusion:
Choosing a personal trainer is an important decision that can greatly impact your fitness journey. By looking for experience, certification, personality, and communication skills, you can find a personal trainer that is right for you. Personal training provides customized workouts, accountability, safety, and motivation, making it a valuable investment in your fitness journey.


text: Expansion I,The New Buildings. The 31 new cards (26 violet buildings and 5 factories), are shuffled with the cards from the basic game.. Expansion II, The Events:. 6 different event cards are added.. During the game every time an event card is revealed face up, whether it be during the card’s distribution at the beginning of the game, during the councilor phase, the trader phase, the prospector phase, by using the power of a building or by the resolution of an event, this card is placed face up alongside the character tiles in the middle of the table, and a replacement card is drawn immediately.. This expansion has not been released separately, but can be found in the Treasure Chest.. The buildings (but not the events) were also included in the 2014 edition of San Juan, along with a new building not previously available in any version: The Hut.. - San Juan: The New Buildings & The Events

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Card Games

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Card games are a popular form of entertainment that involves playing with a deck of cards. There are many types of card games, including poker, bridge, and solitaire. In this lesson, we will learn about the basic rules of card games and how they are played.

### Section 2: Practical Examples

To illustrate these concepts, let's consider a simple card game called "War." In this game, two players are dealt five cards each, and they must try to make the highest possible hand. The player with the highest hand wins the game.

### Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

Now, let's take a look at a more complex card game called "Bridge." In this game, four players work together as a team to try to win tricks (or rounds) of cards. The team that wins the most tricks wins the game.

### Glossary
- Deck: A collection of cards that are used to play a game.
- Suit: A category of cards that share the same symbol (e.g., hearts, diamonds, clubs, spades).
- Rank: The value of a card in a deck (e.g., 2, 3, 4, ..., 10, Jack, Queen, King, Ace).
- Hand: A set of cards that a player holds in their possession.
- Trick: A round of card play where each player plays one card from their hand.
- Bid: A statement made by a player indicating the number of tricks they think their team can win.

### Conclusion

In conclusion, card games are a fun and exciting way to pass the time. By understanding the basic rules and strategies involved in these games, players can improve their chances of winning and have even more fun while playing.


text:
Q:

php text encoding when GETting a webpage and then POSTing contents

I'm trying to GET a webpage parse a part of it and then POST it as a value. The problem is: when there is a character as ó, I retrieve Ã³, and thus when posting it, the urlencode translation converts those characters to something completely different, which doesn't work.
More precisely, Ã³ is produced when an ó in utf-8 is interpreted as it was in ISO-9959-1, or at least that's what my browser does, if I set to view the page in utf-8 then I see ó, if I set the browser to view the page in ISO-9959-1 then I see Ã³, other encodings produce different symbols.
I tried to convert the results of the page, and also that specific string to utf-8, I did also try to set the headers to accept only utf-8, but that is not working either. I'm quite certain that is the problem but I'm running out of ideas. I changed the configuration in php.ini but maybe I did not restart yet, basically this is like shooting in the dark, and some help would be greatly appreciated.
If this helps: The specific code is here: https://github.com/trylks/golem/blob/master/php/copperGolem.php
The method is "form", when obtaining one of the parameter values from a previously obtained page with GET.
Thank you.
PD solved: I've been working on this for the last few hours, I can't tell if I changed many other things that are necessary. In any case, the last change that made it work was changing line 60 to be this: $dom->loadHTML(mb_convert_encoding($p, 'html-entities', mb_detect_encoding($p))); That made it. The problem is not libcurl but DomDocument, as explained here: PHP DomDocument failing to handle utf-8 characters (☆)

A:

The problem is in the DomDocument, it doesn't properly handle utf-8. Converting to html-entities is the safest option and it works like magic when outputting these characters back with echo (even using cli) or urlencoding these characters. Basically DomDocument doesn't accept utf-8 but it outputs utf-8, or so it seems. So it's a weird conversion that has to be made, so that DomDocument undoes it and everything is back to normal again.
To do this, and being $dom a DomDocument it's enough to do this on every call to $dom->loadHTML($p):
$dom->loadHTML(mb_convert_encoding($p, 'html-entities', mb_detect_encoding($p)));
This is explained better in this other question: PHP DomDocument failing to handle utf-8 characters (☆)

textbook:
Lesson: Encoding and Decoding Text in Web Development

Introduction:
In web development, encoding and decoding text is an essential skill. It involves converting text from one encoding to another, ensuring that the text is displayed correctly on different devices and browsers. In this lesson, we will learn about different encodings, their differences, and how to convert text between them.

Encoding and Decoding Text

Encoding refers to the process of converting text into a specific format, such as ASCII, Unicode, or UTF-8. Decoding, on the other hand, involves converting text from one encoding to another. For example, when you send an email with special characters, you need to encode the text so that it can be sent correctly. When the recipient receives the email, they need to decode the text to display it correctly.

Different Encodings

There are several types of encodings, including ASCII, Unicode, and UTF-8.

- ASCII: This is the simplest encoding, which uses 7 bits to represent each character. It can represent 128 characters, including letters, numbers, and symbols.
- Unicode: This encoding uses 16 bits to represent each character. It can represent over 1 million characters, including emojis and special characters.
- UTF-8: This is the most commonly used encoding, which is backward compatible with ASCII. It uses 8 bits to represent characters that are ASCII characters, and up to 4 bytes to represent other characters.

Converting Text Between Encodings

To convert text between encodings, you can use PHP's built-in functions, such as `iconv()` and `utf8_encode()`. Here's an example:

```php
<?php
// Convert text from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8
$text = iconv('ISO-8859-1', 'UTF-8', $text);

// Convert text from UTF-8 to ISO-8859-1
$text = iconv('UTF-8', 'ISO-8859-1', $text);

// Encode text as UTF-8
$text = utf8_encode($text);

// Decode text from UTF-8
$text = utf8_decode($text);
?>
```

Practice Questions:

1. What is the difference between encoding and decoding text?
2. What are the different types of encodings?
3. How do you convert text between encodings using PHP?

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned about encoding and decoding text in web development. We covered the differences between encodings, the most common types of encodings, and how to convert text between them using PHP's built-in functions. By mastering these skills, you can ensure that your website displays text correctly on all devices and browsers.

Glossary:
- Encoding: Converting text into a specific format, such as ASCII, Unicode, or UTF-8.
- Decoding: Converting text from one encoding to another.
- ASCII: A simple encoding that uses 7 bits to represent each character.
- Unicode: An encoding that uses 16 bits to represent each character.
- UTF-8: A widely used encoding that is backward compatible with ASCII.


text: This Urid Dal is split and de-husked Urid bean. It is creamy white in colour and has a distinct, delicious earthy flavour and aroma.. Uses. – Urid or Urad dal is used widely in South Indian cooking, for eg. in making batters for vada, idlis and dosas.. – It is also used in tempering Indian dishes.. – Dal fry can be prepared by boiling the dal and seasoning it with tomato, garlic, ginger and onion.. – It can be ground and used with rice flour to make chakli or murukku.. Health Benefits. – Urid dal is a good source of protein.. – It contains iron, folic acid, calcium, magnesium and other nutrients.. Storage: Store the dal in an airtight container, in a cool, dry place.. Reviews. There are no reviews yet.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Split and De-Husked Urid Dal

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Split and de-husked urid dal is a type of lentil that is commonly used in Indian cuisine. It is creamy white in color and has a distinct, delicious earthy flavor and aroma. In this lesson, we will learn about the uses, health benefits, and storage of split and de-husked urid dal.

## Section 2: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios
Uses:
- Urid or urad dal is used widely in South Indian cooking, for example, in making batters for vada, idlis, and dosas.
- It is also used in tempering Indian dishes.
- Dal fry can be prepared by boiling the dal and seasoning it with tomato, garlic, ginger, and onion.
- It can be ground and used with rice flour to make chakli or murukku.

Health Benefits:
- Urid dal is a good source of protein.
- It contains iron, folic acid, calcium, magnesium, and other nutrients.

Storage:
- Store the dal in an airtight container, in a cool, dry place.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions
Why is split and de-husked urid dal commonly used in Indian cuisine?
- It has a distinct, delicious earthy flavor and aroma that enhances the taste of many dishes.
- It is a versatile ingredient that can be used in a variety of dishes, from savory to sweet.
- It is easy to find and relatively inexpensive.

What are some ways to incorporate split and de-husked urid dal into a healthy diet?
- Add it to soups, stews, and curries for extra protein and fiber.
- Use it as a substitute for meat in vegetarian dishes.
- Grind it into a flour and use it to make pancakes or bread.

## Glossary
- Split and de-husked urid dal: A type of lentil that is split and de-husked, making it easier to cook and eat.
- Lentil: A type of legume that is often used in cooking for its protein and fiber content.
- Cuisine: A style of cooking or preparing food that is characteristic of a particular region or culture.
- Protein: A nutrient that is essential for growth and repair of tissues in the body.
- Folic acid: A vitamin that is important for cell growth and development.
- Calcium: A mineral that is necessary for strong bones and teeth.
- Magnesium: A mineral that is important for muscle and nerve function.

## Conclusion
In conclusion, split and de-husked urid dal is a versatile and nutritious ingredient that is commonly used in Indian cuisine. By understanding its uses, health benefits, and storage requirements, we can incorporate it into our diets in delicious and healthy ways.


text: The Institute on Health Care for the Poor and Underserved of Meharry Medical College is seeking support over a three-year period to create a web site that will serve as a primary resource of information on health care issues affecting the medically underserved. FactLine: Health Information about the Poor and Underserved will present statistics, figures, research findings, and policy proposals as contained in the Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, a quarterly, peer-reviewed publication (produced by the Institute) that has received international recognition as an academically sound collective of public health research. Most importantly, the information contained in the site will be fashioned to reflect the health care objectives as outlined in the U.S Department of Health and Human Services's Healthy People 2010 Objectives, thus integrating specific research findings to issues concerning the underserved at the national level. The site will present concise but comprehensive information on relevant topics in capsule form suitable for reading on the Internet and enable the user to pursue further any topic covered on our site by means of embedded search mechanisms that will trigger searches of either professional medical literature (via a MEDLINE search) or of the mass media (such as Science Times, Newsweek, or Health magazines). By enhancing the access of health professionals, researchers, policy makers, educators, and the general public to the medical and public health literature, this project will play a pivotal part in eliminating disparities in health care and improving health care access. A Spanish-language version of the site will also be available. By doing so, we hope to alleviate the health care gaps this growing population of Americans face.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Health Care for the Poor and Underserved

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Health care is a fundamental right for every individual, regardless of their socioeconomic status. However, not all people have access to quality health care services. This is particularly true for the poor and underserved populations, who often face significant barriers to health care due to their social, economic, and geographic circumstances. In this lesson, we will explore the concept of health care for the poor and underserved, including the challenges they face and the strategies that can be employed to improve their access to health care services.

### Section 2: Practical Examples

To illustrate the challenges faced by the poor and underserved populations, let's consider the example of a rural community with limited health care resources. The residents of this community may not have access to basic health care services such as immunizations, prenatal care, or dental care. They may also lack transportation to travel to health care facilities, which can be located several miles away. Additionally, they may not have health insurance or the financial means to pay for health care services out of pocket. These factors can lead to poor health outcomes and exacerbate existing health disparities.

To address these challenges, health care providers and policymakers can employ strategies such as mobile clinics, telehealth services, and community health workers. Mobile clinics can bring health care services directly to the community, while telehealth services can connect patients with health care providers remotely. Community health workers can provide education, outreach, and support to help individuals access health care services and navigate the health care system.

### Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

One of the most significant challenges in improving health care for the poor and underserved is the lack of awareness about their health care needs. Many people may not even realize that they are eligible for health care services or may not know where to turn for help. How can we increase awareness about the health care needs of the poor and underserved?

One approach could be to launch targeted public health campaigns that highlight the importance of health care for these populations. These campaigns could feature stories of individuals who have overcome health care barriers with the help of health care services and could provide information on how to access these services. Additionally, community organizations and health care providers could collaborate to host health fairs and other events that provide health screenings and education to the poor and underserved.

### Glossary
- Health care: A range of services and interventions designed to prevent, diagnose, and treat illness and injuries.
- Underserved: Populations that have been systematically denied access to health care services due to their social, economic, or geographic circumstances.
- Health disparities: Differences in health outcomes between groups of people, particularly those based on race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or other social determinants of health.
- Telehealth: The use of technology to provide health care services remotely, including video conferencing, messaging, and monitoring.
- Mobile clinics: Portable health care facilities that can bring services directly to communities in need.
- Community health workers: Trained individuals who work within communities to provide education, outreach, and support related to health care services.

### Conclusion

In conclusion, health care for the poor and underserved is a critical issue that requires attention and action from health care providers and policymakers. By understanding the challenges faced by these populations and employing strategies such as mobile clinics, telehealth services, and community health workers, we can work towards improving access to health care services and reducing health disparities.


text: Margo Humphries. Margo Humphries. Located in Lake Macquarie. margo@kasarndesigns.com. 0411176089 has been based in Newcastle since 2003 & in 2009 Margo & her partner Matthew established their own business, Kasarn Designs, named after their daughter.. Margo was selected as one of 10 artists for the Mattara Festival’s Inaugural Outdoor Art Exhibition & her “Look up in the Sky Tonight” was draped over Newcastle Panthers in October 2011. in promoting their quarterly Art Bazaars.. Margo has also been involved in many community projects including the 2002 Peoplescape project & designing & creating street banners for Victoria Street in Taree in 1996.. Margo is passionate about art & showing & selling her colourful abstract & landscape paintings..

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Email Etiquette

### Section 1: The Importance of Email Etiquette

Email etiquette refers to the proper conduct and manners one should use when writing and responding to emails. In today's digital age, email has become an essential tool for communication, both personally and professionally. However, with the ease of sending emails comes the potential for miscommunication and misunderstandings. Therefore, it is crucial to follow proper email etiquette to ensure clear and effective communication.

### Section 2: Best Practices for Writing Emails

1. Use a clear and concise subject line that accurately describes the content of the email.
2. Address the recipient by their proper title and spelling of their name.
3. Begin the email with a friendly greeting, such as "Dear [Recipient's Name]".
4. Use complete sentences and proper grammar and punctuation.
5. Be concise and to the point, avoiding unnecessary details or lengthy explanations.
6. End the email with a closing, such as "Best regards" or "Sincerely", followed by your name and contact information.

### Section 3: Responding to Emails

1. Reply to emails in a timely manner, preferably within 24 hours.
2. Address the recipient by their proper title and spelling of their name.
3. Use a polite and professional tone when responding.
4. Acknowledge receipt of any important information or requests.
5. If necessary, provide additional information or clarification.
6. End the email with a closing, such as "Thank you" or "Kind regards", followed by your name and any additional comments or questions.

### Glossary:
- Email: Electronic mail, a method of exchanging digital messages between users of computer systems.
- Etiquette: A code of behavior that delineates expectations for social interactions and protocol.

### Conclusion:
In conclusion, following proper email etiquette is essential for clear and effective communication in both personal and professional settings. By adhering to best practices for writing and responding to emails, we can avoid miscommunication and misunderstandings, ensuring that our messages are received as intended.


text: The Cadillac CUE (Cadillac User Experience) technology on display at the Los Angeles International Auto Show Thursday, November 17, 2011 in Los Angeles, California. CUE is a full suite of infotainment, navigation and communication tools that combines natural voice recognition, fewer buttons, larger icons and greater customization to provide a more intuitive connected driving experience. CUE has 3.5 times more processing power than current auto industry systems. (Photo by Steve Fecht for Cadillac) (11/17/2011)

textbook:
**Lesson: Introduction to Computer Systems**

**Objective:** In this lesson, we will learn about the basic components of computer systems and their functions. We will also explore how these components work together to process information and perform tasks.

**Section 1: Introduction to Computer Systems**

A computer system is made up of several components that work together to process information and perform tasks. These components include the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage, input/output devices, and operating systems.

**Section 2: Central Processing Unit (CPU)**

The CPU is the brain of the computer system. It performs calculations and logical operations to process information and execute instructions. The CPU is made up of two main parts: the control unit and the arithmetic logic unit (ALU).

**Section 3: Memory**

Memory is a temporary storage area where data and instructions are stored while the CPU is processing them. There are two types of memory: volatile and non-volatile. Volatile memory loses its contents when the power is turned off, while non-volatile memory retains its contents even when the power is off.

**Section 4: Storage**

Storage is a permanent storage area where data and programs are stored for long-term use. There are two types of storage: internal and external. Internal storage refers to the hard drive or solid-state drive built into the computer, while external storage refers to devices such as USB drives or external hard drives.

**Section 5: Input/Output Devices**

Input/output (I/O) devices are used to interact with the computer system. Input devices allow you to enter information into the computer, while output devices display or produce the results of the computer's processing. Examples of input devices include keyboards, mice, and touchscreens, while examples of output devices include monitors, speakers, and printers.

**Section 6: Operating Systems**

An operating system is a software program that manages the computer's hardware and resources. It provides a platform for applications to run and manages tasks such as memory allocation, device management, and security.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, computer systems are made up of several components that work together to process information and perform tasks. By understanding the roles and functions of each component, we can better understand how computers work and how to troubleshoot and optimize their performance.

**Glossary:**
- CPU: Central Processing Unit
- ALU: Arithmetic Logic Unit
- Volatile Memory: Memory that loses its contents when power is turned off
- Non-Volatile Memory: Memory that retains its contents even when power is off
- I/O Devices: Input/Output Devices
- Operating System: A software program that manages the computer's hardware and resources.


text: Feds target Bonds' trainer's wife, report says. Prosecutors reportedly trying to leverage Anderson to testify. NEW YORK -, though friends of Anderson’s said she took his name when the two married in 2006. She couldn’t be reached for comment Thursday night.. advertisement | your ad here. She is reportedly under investigation for conspiracy and the letter was signed by assistant U.S. attorney Matt Parrella, the government’s chief doping prosecutor.. Legal experts said the letter is an indication that prosecutors are attempting to ratchet up the pressure on Anderson to cooperate with the government’s investigation of Bonds, who is scheduled to stand trial in March.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to the Law and Justice System

**Objective:** In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of the law and justice system in the United States. We will cover the following topics:

1. What is the law and justice system?
2. What is the role of the government in enforcing the law?
3. How does the legal process work?
4. What are the different types of crimes?
5. What is the role of the jury in a criminal trial?

**Section 1: What is the law and justice system?**

The law and justice system is a set of rules and institutions that govern the behavior of people in a society. It includes laws, courts, police, and other agencies that enforce the law. The law is designed to protect citizens from harm and to maintain social order.

**Section 2: What is the role of the government in enforcing the law?**

The government plays a crucial role in enforcing the law. It creates and enforces laws, investigates crimes, and prosecutes offenders. The government also provides services such as prisons, courts, and police departments to ensure that the law is upheld.

**Section 3: How does the legal process work?**

The legal process begins with an investigation of a crime. If there is enough evidence, the case is presented to a grand jury, which decides whether there is enough evidence to go to trial. During the trial, both sides present evidence and witnesses. The jury then decides whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty. If the defendant is found guilty, the judge determines the sentence.

**Section 4: What are the different types of crimes?**

There are many different types of crimes, including violent crimes (such as murder and assault), property crimes (such as theft and burglary), and white-collar crimes (such as fraud and embezzlement). Crimes can also be classified as felonies or misdemeanors, depending on the severity of the offense.

**Section 5: What is the role of the jury in a criminal trial?**

The jury plays a crucial role in a criminal trial. They are responsible for deciding whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty. The jury must use the evidence presented during the trial to make their decision. They must also follow the law and the instructions of the judge.

**Conclusion:**

In conclusion, the law and justice system is an essential part of our society. It helps to maintain social order and protect citizens from harm. By understanding the basics of the legal process, we can better understand how the law works and how it affects us.


text:
This invention relates to methods and means for low volume production of natural gas from hydrocarbon wells, and more specifically relates to methods and means for economical wellhead compression of said gas.
Domestic oil and gas supplies have been unable to satisfy domestic demand for these products in recent years. Prices offered for these products have risen dramatically. Even so, low pressure natural gas produced from wells in the range of 20,000 to 60,000 cubic feet per day is often vented to the atmosphere for lack of an economical means to compress such low volumes of low pressure gas for entry into a gas collection pipeline system. In those cases where such gas is not vented, units currently in use are often powered by natural gas produced from the well, often consuming as much as one half of the daily natural gas production of the well to compress the other half. The loss of this gas used to run the compressor, together with the cost of the compressor's purchase or rental, has often made such gas collection uneconomical.
Further, conventional natural gas powered compressors lack the capability of restarting themselves automatically. Therefore, when flow into the gas collection pipeline is temporarily interrupted and the compressor is thereby shut down, as is common for maintenance operations such as pigging the gas collection pipelines, the gas powered compressor unit remains idle. Production of natural gas is lost until the unit is manually restarted, possibly days later.
Therefore it is an object of this invention to provide methods and means for economically compressing low volumes of low pressure natural gas at the wellhead for entry into a gas collection pipeline system.
It is a further object of this invention to provide electrically operated means to compress low volume, low pressure natural gas without objectionable rise in the temperature of the gas necessitating use of expensive intercoolers or resulting in the rejection of the gas by the gas collection system.
It is a further object to this invention to provide methods and means for compressing low volume, low pressure natural gas at the wellhead which are automatically self starting when conditions are suitable for operation.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding Natural Gas Production and Compression

Introduction:
Natural gas is an important source of energy that is widely used in homes, industries, and vehicles. However, producing and compressing natural gas can be challenging due to the low volume of gas produced from some wells. This lesson will teach you about methods and means for low volume production of natural gas from hydrocarbon wells and wellhead compression.

Section 1: Understanding Natural Gas Production

Topic 1: Why is natural gas important?
- Natural gas is a clean and efficient source of energy that is used for heating, cooking, and generating electricity.
- It is also used as a fuel in vehicles and industrial processes.

Topic 2: How is natural gas produced?
- Natural gas is produced from underground reservoirs called hydrocarbon wells.
- These wells contain oil and gas trapped in porous rock formations.
- When the well is drilled, the oil and gas are released and can be pumped to the surface.

Topic 3: What are the challenges of producing low volume natural gas?
- Some wells produce low volumes of natural gas, which makes it difficult to collect and transport.
- Producing low volume natural gas can be expensive and inefficient.

Section 2: Wellhead Compression

Topic 1: What is wellhead compression?
- Wellhead compression is the process of compressing natural gas at the wellhead before it enters the gas collection pipeline system.
- This allows the gas to be transported over long distances without losing pressure.

Topic 2: Why is wellhead compression important?
- Wellhead compression is important because it allows producers to collect and sell even small volumes of natural gas.
- This can be particularly useful for producers who have wells that produce low volumes of natural gas.

Topic 3: How does wellhead compression work?
- There are several types of wellhead compressors, but they all work by compressing the natural gas as it comes out of the well.
- The compressor increases the pressure of the gas so that it can be transported through pipelines to its final destination.

Section 3: Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding the methods and means for low volume production of natural gas from hydrocarbon wells and wellhead compression is essential for anyone interested in the energy industry. By learning about the challenges of producing low volume natural gas and how wellhead compression works, you can gain a better understanding of how natural gas is produced and transported.

Glossary:
- Hydrocarbon wells: underground reservoirs containing oil and gas
- Natural gas: a clean and efficient source of energy
- Wellhead compression: the process of compressing natural gas at the wellhead
- Gas collection pipeline system: a network of pipelines used to transport natural gas

Self-Debate Discussion:
- How can producers make the process of wellhead compression more efficient and cost-effective?
- What are some potential environmental impacts of producing and compressing natural gas?
- How might advancements in technology change the way natural gas is produced and compressed in the future?


text: Dance, Drama and Creative Movement are used to enrich students’ understanding and awareness of self-expression through dance and the stage. Students become comfortable and confident performing and speaking in front of an audience.. Dance Teacher PK – 5. Mardi Swatek. dance@cardenmaui.org. Dance Teacher 6 – 8. Maggie Costigan. dance@cardenmaui.org. Ms. Maggie Costigan is Carden’s new Middle School Dance teacher in the 2017-18 school year. Ms. Costigan has a degree in dance and many years of experience teaching with the Maui Dance Council and in programs such as the MACC CanDo, MAPA, and Honolulu Theater for Youth.. Drama Teacher. Rebecca Rhapsody. drama@cardenmaui.org

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Dance and Drama

#### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Dance and drama are two art forms that have been used for centuries to express emotions, tell stories, and entertain audiences. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of these art forms and learn about their history, techniques, and styles.

##### Questions and Answers
- What is dance?
Dance is a form of artistic expression that uses movement and rhythm to convey emotions and tell stories. It can be performed solo or in groups and can be accompanied by music or other forms of expression.

- What is drama?
Drama is a form of theater that uses dialogue, action, and other elements to tell a story and evoke emotions in the audience. It can be performed on stage or in film and television productions.

#### Section 2: Practical Examples
Now that we understand the basic concepts behind dance and drama, let's look at some practical examples of how these art forms are used.

##### Example 1: Ballet
Ballet is a style of dance that originated in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th century. It is characterized by its graceful movements, intricate footwork, and elaborate costumes and sets. One famous example of ballet is "Swan Lake," a story about a princess who falls in love with a swan and is transformed into one herself.

##### Example 2: Shakespearean Drama
Shakespearean drama is a style of drama that was popular during the Elizabethan era in England. It is known for its use of iambic pentameter, blank verse, and complex plots that often involve intrigue, betrayal, and romance. One famous example of Shakespearean drama is "Romeo and Juliet," a tragic love story about two young lovers from feuding families.

#### Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Finally, let's consider some real-world scenarios where dance and drama are used to communicate messages and express ideas.

##### Example 1: Political Protest
In some cases, dance and drama have been used as a form of political protest. For instance, during the Civil Rights Movement in the United States, African Americans used dance and drama to express their experiences and demand equal rights.

##### Example 2: Social Awareness Campaigns
Dance and drama can also be used to raise awareness about social issues. For example, a group of dancers might perform a piece about the impact of climate change on the environment, while a dramatic production might explore the challenges faced by refugees fleeing war and persecution.

#### Glossary
- Art form: A type of creative expression, such as dance or drama, that is used to communicate ideas and emotions.
- Style: A particular way of doing something, such as a specific technique or approach to dance or drama.
- Technique: A set of methods or skills used to achieve a particular goal or result in an art form.

#### Conclusion
Dance and drama are powerful tools for communication and self-expression. By studying these art forms, we can gain a deeper understanding of human experience and develop our own abilities to communicate and connect with others.


text: By USSR’s security services changed their tactics and moved on.. With a brief hiatus in the 1990s, they never stopped. On July:).. Get six months of free digital access to the Miami Herald. #ReadLocal. They were also both parts of larger, international operations. Golos was a player in the Soviet Union’s long-term effort to promote an international revolution. But.. Along with many others, they too are part of a long-term project, though it’s not a proletarian revolution. Instead, it’s a kleptocratic coup d’état: The modern Kremlin project seeks to undermine Western democracies, break up the EU and NATO, and put corrupt relationships rather than the rule of law at the center of international commerce.. Precisely because the analogy is so exact,.... (c) 2018, The Washington Post

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding the Kremlin Project

Introduction:
The Kremlin Project is a long-term effort by the Russian government to undermine Western democracies, break up the EU and NATO, and put corrupt relationships at the center of international commerce. In this lesson, we will learn about the history of the Kremlin Project, its tactics, and its goals.

Section 1: History of the Kremlin Project

The Kremlin Project began in the Soviet Union in the early 20th century. It was initially focused on promoting an international revolution, but it evolved over time to become a more sophisticated effort to undermine Western democracies.

Question: What was the original goal of the Kremlin Project?
Answer: The original goal of the Kremlin Project was to promote an international revolution.

Section 2: Tactics of the Kremlin Project

The Kremlin Project uses a variety of tactics to achieve its goals. These include:

1. Disinformation campaigns: The Kremlin Project uses disinformation campaigns to spread false information and create confusion among Western democracies.

2. Cyberattacks: The Kremlin Project uses cyberattacks to disrupt the functioning of Western democracies and steal sensitive information.

3. Propaganda: The Kremlin Project uses propaganda to influence public opinion in Western democracies and create divisions among people.

4. Financial manipulation: The Kremlin Project uses financial manipulation to undermine the economies of Western democracies and create corrupt relationships.

Question: What are some examples of tactics used by the Kremlin Project?
Answer: Some examples of tactics used by the Kremlin Project include disinformation campaigns, cyberattacks, propaganda, and financial manipulation.

Section 3: Goals of the Kremlin Project

The goals of the Kremlin Project are to:

1. Undermine Western democracies: The Kremlin Project seeks to weaken Western democracies by creating divisions among people and disrupting the functioning of governments.

2. Break up the EU and NATO: The Kremlin Project seeks to weaken the EU and NATO by creating divisions among member states and undermining their ability to work together.

3. Put corrupt relationships at the center of international commerce: The Kremlin Project seeks to replace the rule of law with corrupt relationships, which would benefit the Russian government and its allies.

Question: What are the goals of the Kremlin Project?
Answer: The goals of the Kremlin Project are to undermine Western democracies, break up the EU and NATO, and put corrupt relationships at the center of international commerce.

Conclusion:

Understanding the Kremlin Project is crucial for anyone who wants to understand the current geopolitical landscape. By studying its history, tactics, and goals, we can better understand the challenges facing Western democracies and how to respond to them.


text:
The work we did by generating national media, going viral and making our voices heard was the whole point of this campaign! The Chargers were absolutely slaughtered last year by the national media about the move. Our banners just made it worse for Dean Spanos. Almost every single media outlet went after the Chargers, saying what a terrible decision it was to leave San Diego for another city who doesn't even want them. Even the LA Mayor, Eric Garcetti said "it would have been nice if they could have stayed put where they are because San Diego has a huge fan bases, there’s a big tradition"

The best part about last year was finally getting to Dean Spanos after many fly overs. Dean Spanos tried to stop us from flying our banners over the StubHub center last year and it was hilariously pathetic on his part.

So what's next? The fly overs will continue, if you donate, you will have a chance to help us what should be on the banner whenever the Chargers have a home game. I'll have more info to announce later but if we hit this goal, we can fly a plane over StubHub every single games home games.

We had Bleacher Report , Sports illustrated, ESPN and Ice Cube all cover or tweet about the flyovers this year, we must not stop. Dean Spanos can't be let off the hook so easy, let's not forget he tired to get the FAA to stop us from flying last year. Learning from people who know Dean Spanos personally, everyone knows that Dean is extremely awkward and hates when people talk about him in any sort of negative way. The flyovers CLEARLY get to him and make him upset, especially John and AG. This is why we must keep flying for that exact reason. The NFL commissioner saw our planes flyover the stadium two weeks ago, he knows that these planes are coming from San Diegans. We must keep San Diego in the minds of the NFL. You all saw the report of the Chargers not being viable in LA, we must keep the pressure on! love you guys!

textbook:
Lesson: How to Use Media to Influence Public Opinion

Introduction:
Media has become an integral part of our lives, and its power to influence public opinion cannot be underestimated. In this lesson, we will learn how to use media to create a positive image for ourselves or our organization, as well as how to respond effectively when faced with negative media coverage.

Section 1: Creating a Positive Image

Topic 1: Developing a Strategic Communication Plan
- What is a communication plan?
- Why is it important?
- Who should be involved in creating one?
- What should be included in a communication plan?

Topic 2: Crafting Messages That Resonate With Your Audience
- How do you know what messages will resonate with your audience?
- What makes a message memorable?
- How can you ensure that your messages are clear and concise?

Topic 3: Choosing the Right Media Outlets
- What are the different types of media outlets?
- How do you decide which outlets to target?
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of each type of outlet?

Section 2: Responding to Negative Media Coverage

Topic 1: Monitoring Media Coverage
- How do you keep track of what is being said about you or your organization?
- What tools can you use to monitor media coverage?
- How often should you check for mentions of your name or organization?

Topic 2: Preparing for Negative Coverage
- What should you do before negative coverage occurs?
- How can you prepare for potential questions or accusations?
- What information should you gather in advance?

Topic 3: Responding Effectively to Negative Coverage
- How do you respond when negative coverage occurs?
- What should you say (or not say)?
- Who should be the spokesperson for your organization?

Section 3: Case Study: The Chargers and the Move to LA

Topic 1: Analyzing the Campaign
- What did the Chargers do to generate positive media coverage?
- How did they respond to negative coverage?
- What were the results of their campaign?

Topic 2: Applying Lessons Learned
- What can we learn from the Chargers' campaign?
- How can we apply these lessons to our own organizations or causes?
- What are some potential pitfalls to avoid?

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have learned about the importance of media in shaping public opinion and how to use it effectively to create a positive image for ourselves or our organizations. We have also explored how to respond to negative coverage and how to apply lessons learned from case studies like the Chargers' move to LA. By understanding these concepts and applying them strategically, we can better influence public opinion and achieve our communication goals.


text: Welcome to Microcreation!. Microcreation, Inc. was established with a vision to be a global technology company. We began to build our competency and track record in the local market providing software development services to government and private organizations. We started to provide IT development & services.. Microcreation’s main service offering includes the entire spectrum of Product Engineering Life Cycle from product conceptualization to implementation and maintenance. We are partnering with Independent Software Vendors, SaaS providers, Value Added Resellers or technology dependent organizations. We are focusing on technologies leveraging on the cutting edge technologies that offer in providing solutions to our partners need from back office application to frontend applications.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Microcreation

## Section 1: What is Microcreation?
Microcreation is a technology company that provides software development services to government and private organizations. They offer a wide range of services, including the entire spectrum of Product Engineering Life Cycle from product conceptualization to implementation and maintenance.

## Section 2: What does Microcreation do?
Microcreation's main service offering includes Product Engineering Life Cycle, which involves the entire process of creating a product from conceptualization to implementation and maintenance. They also provide IT development & services, partnering with Independent Software Vendors, SaaS providers, Value Added Resellers, and technology-dependent organizations. They focus on technologies that leverage cutting-edge technologies to offer solutions to their partners' needs, including back-office applications and front-end applications.

## Section 3: How does Microcreation work?
Microcreation works by first understanding their clients' needs and then providing customized solutions that meet those needs. They use the latest technologies to develop innovative and efficient products that help their clients achieve their goals. Their team of experts includes software engineers, project managers, and business analysts who work together to deliver high-quality results.

## Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about Microcreation, a technology company that provides software development services to government and private organizations. We explored their main service offering, which includes the entire spectrum of Product Engineering Life Cycle, and their focus on cutting-edge technologies to offer solutions to their partners' needs. We also discussed how they work and the team of experts who collaborate to deliver high-quality results. By understanding the basics of Microcreation, we can apply these skills to new problems and explore the potential of technology in solving complex challenges.


text: A man has been remanded in custody until his trial date next month.. Remo Nardini, 57, denies a charge of threatening or abusive behaviour towards his former partner and estranged son at his home in Longcroft Crescent on March 24. He also pleaded not guilty to failing to stop in a vehicle when requested to do so by a police officer.. On April 6 he is said to have damaged property in Jedburgh Police Station by pushing a blanket down a cell toilet and jumping on it.. Also on the same date he is accused of breaching his home curfew and also behaving in a threatening or abusive manner in various streets by shouting and swearing, making offensive gestures, persistently sounding a car horn, playing loud music and causing the car engine to make excessive noise.. Nardini denies all the charges against him and will stand trial at Jedburgh Sheriff Court on May 5.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to the Criminal Justice System

**Section 1: Theoretical Concepts**

- What is the criminal justice system?
- What are the main components of the criminal justice system?
- What is the difference between a misdemeanor and a felony?

**Section 2: Practical Examples**

- How does the criminal justice system work in practice?
- What happens when someone is arrested?
- What happens during a trial?

**Section 3: Real-World Scenarios**

- How does the criminal justice system handle different types of crimes?
- What is the role of the judge in the criminal justice system?
- How does the criminal justice system work to rehabilitate offenders?

**Glossary**

- Criminal justice system: The system by which crimes are investigated, prosecuted, and punished.
- Misdemeanor: A minor crime that is punishable by up to one year in jail.
- Felony: A serious crime that is punishable by more than one year in prison.
- Arrest: The act of taking a person into custody for suspicion of committing a crime.
- Trial: A formal hearing in which evidence is presented to determine if the defendant is guilty or innocent.
- Judge: A person who presides over a court and makes decisions based on the law and facts presented.
- Rehabilitation: The process of helping an offender become a productive member of society.

**Conclusion**

Understanding the criminal justice system is important for everyone, as it plays a crucial role in maintaining law and order in our society. By studying this topic, you can learn about the different components of the criminal justice system and how they work together to ensure that justice is served. You can also learn about real-world scenarios and how the criminal justice system handles different types of crimes. By applying the skills gained from this topic, you can think critically about issues related to crime and justice and make informed decisions about how to address them.