text:
Norwegian Refugee Council finds ‘mega disasters’ such as typhoons and hurricanes drove 22 million people from homes

This article is more than 6 years old

This article is more than 6 years old

Natural disasters displaced three times as many people as war last year – even as 2013 was a horrific year for conflict – with 22 million people driven out of their homes by floods, hurricanes and other hazards, a new study has found.

Twice as many people now lose their homes to disaster as in the 1970s, and more people move into harm’s way each year, the study by the Norwegian Refugee Council found.

“Basically, the combination of mega natural disasters and hundreds of smaller natural disasters massively displaces people in many more countries than the countries that have war and conflict,” said Jan Egeland, the secretary of the Norwegian refugee council.

He said he hoped the findings would prod leaders meeting at a United Nations climate summit next week to work to protect populations from more disaster-prone future under climate change.

Last year was in some ways an anomaly because so many people were driven out of their homes by war. In some years, 10 times as many people lose their homes to natural disasters. “Natural disasters are underestimated as a scourge that is hitting tens of millions of people every year,” Egeland said.

On average, 27 million people a year lost their homes to natural disasters over the last decade. In 2010, that number rose to 42 million.

While mega-disasters such as the devastating typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines attract international attention, the losses due to smaller-scale storms and flooding often go unrecorded.

Facebook Twitter Pinterest A storm surge from typhoon Haiyan was capable of destroying a home in seconds.

The global figure for those displaced by disasters could even be higher, Egeland said.

Those living in developing countries are most at risk. The study found more than 80% of those displaced over the last five years lived in Asia. That pattern held last year as well when nearly 19 million of the 22 million displaced lived in Asia.

In many instances, local people do not have time to recover from a disaster before a new one hits, the study found.

In the Philippines last year, some 5.8 million people lost their homes because of a constellation of disasters.

Typhoon Haiyan alone displaced some 4.1 million, with others forced out by typhoon Trami and an earthquake.

Africa also saw widespread displacement by rainy season flooding in Niger, Chad, Sudan and South Sudan.

America did not go unspared, with nearly 220,000 people losing their homes to tornadoes in Oklahoma.

Facebook Twitter Pinterest A tornado in Oklahoma in 2013, where more than 200,000 people lost homes.

The risk of such disasters is also rising, outpacing population growth and even rapid urbanisation. Global population has doubled since the 1970s, but the urban population has tripled since that time.

The mass migration from countryside to cities is putting more and more people at risk – especially in Asia’s mega-cities, which are the most disaster prone.

Africa, where populations are expected to double by 2050, also faces increasing risk.

“These vast urban areas become traps when a natural disaster hits,” Egeland said. “People are crammed together and there is no escape. They live in river deltas, they live on hurricane beaches, they live along river beds that are easily flooded, they live where there are mud slides, and so on.”

Scientists predict a rise in such extreme weather events in a future under climate change.

Better early warning systems in some countries, such as Bangladesh, have succeeded in keeping people safe during such storms. But they are still at risk of losing all they own.

“We are now better at saving lives, but we are not able to save their homes and their livelihoods so they become destitute,” he said.

textbook:
Lesson: Natural Disasters and Climate Change

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about natural disasters and their impact on society. We will explore the causes of natural disasters, their effects on human life, and how they are linked to climate change. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the importance of taking action against natural disasters and the role of climate change in their occurrence.

Section 1: What are Natural Disasters?
A natural disaster is an event caused by natural processes of the Earth's atmosphere, waters, and land surface, leading to significant physical damage or loss of life, often as a result of an extreme environmental condition. Examples of natural disasters include hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, tsunamis, and floods.

Section 2: Causes of Natural Disasters
Natural disasters are caused by various factors, including geological processes, meteorological conditions, and human activities. Some of the common causes of natural disasters include:

1. Geological processes: Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides are caused by the movement of tectonic plates, volcanic activity, and changes in the Earth's surface.

2. Meteorological conditions: Hurricanes, tornadoes, and thunderstorms are caused by changes in atmospheric pressure, temperature, and humidity.

3. Human activities: Deforestation, urbanization, and industrialization can increase the risk of natural disasters by altering the natural environment and increasing the likelihood of extreme weather events.

Section 3: Effects of Natural Disasters
Natural disasters can have devastating effects on human life, including loss of life, injury, displacement, and economic damage. Some of the common effects of natural disasters include:

1. Loss of life: Natural disasters can cause immediate death or injuries, or lead to long-term health problems due to exposure to contaminated water or air.

2. Displacement: Natural disasters can force people to leave their homes and communities, leading to displacement and homelessness.

3. Economic damage: Natural disasters can cause significant damage to infrastructure, property, and crops, leading to economic losses and reduced productivity.

Section 4: Links between Natural Disasters and Climate Change
Climate change is causing an increase in the frequency and intensity of natural disasters. As the Earth's temperature rises, it leads to changes in weather patterns, sea levels, and ocean temperatures, all of which can increase the risk of natural disasters. For example, warmer temperatures can lead to more frequent and severe heatwaves, while rising sea levels can increase the likelihood of flooding.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, natural disasters pose a significant threat to human life and the environment. Understanding the causes and effects of natural disasters and their links to climate change is crucial in developing strategies to reduce their impact. By taking action to mitigate climate change and preparing for natural disasters, we can help protect ourselves and future generations from their devastating effects.

Glossary:
- Natural disaster: An event caused by natural processes of the Earth's atmosphere, waters, and land surface, leading to significant physical damage or loss of life.
- Geological processes: Processes that involve the movement of tectonic plates, volcanic activity, and changes in the Earth's surface.
- Meteorological conditions: Changes in atmospheric pressure, temperature, and humidity that can lead to extreme weather events.
- Human activities: Actions that alter the natural environment, such as deforestation, urbanization, and industrialization.
- Displacement: The forced movement of people from their homes and communities due to natural disasters.
- Economic damage: Damage to infrastructure, property, and crops caused by natural disasters.
- Climate change: Long-term changes in the Earth's climate, including changes in temperature, precipitation, and wind patterns.


text: In Pacta PLLC. For over 15 years, Full Service Firm. If you’re looking for a Washington attorney, we’re the firm for you! We are a full service, general practice law firm offering a broad range of legal services for our clients, from business to personal, from corporate agreements and board advisory to shareholder disputes, from wills and family law to real estate and bankruptcy. We’re ready to help!. Affordable Attorneys in Seattle. We believe our fees to be very reasonable and extremely competitive. In addition to providing high quality service, one of In Pacta’s loftiest aims is to give back to the community through direct philanthropic involvement, such as our dedication and commitment to the Seattle based non-governmental organizations: Aid Cambodia (which helps street and orphaned children in Phnom Penh) and the Austin Foundation (assisting “at-risk” Seattle area youth).. For more information on In Pacta PLLC’s attorneys and areas of practice, please click on the images below.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Law and Legal Services

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of law and legal services, and to provide an overview of the different types of legal services available.

**Content:**

**Section 1: What is Law?**

Law is a set of rules that govern the behavior of individuals and groups in society. It is designed to maintain order, protect individual rights, and promote fairness and justice.

**Section 2: What are Legal Services?**

Legal services refer to the assistance provided by lawyers or other professionals to individuals or organizations in matters related to the law. These services can include advice, representation in court or negotiations, drafting legal documents, and providing guidance on legal issues.

**Section 3: Types of Legal Services**

There are several types of legal services available, including:

- **Criminal Law:** This area of law deals with crimes committed against society, such as murder, theft, and assault. Criminal lawyers represent individuals accused of committing crimes and work to ensure that their rights are protected throughout the legal process.

- **Civil Law:** This area of law deals with disputes between individuals or organizations. Civil lawyers represent parties in lawsuits and work to resolve disputes through negotiation, mediation, or litigation.

- **Business Law:** This area of law deals with the formation and operation of businesses. Business lawyers provide advice on legal matters related to starting and running a business, such as contracts, taxes, and employment law.

- **Family Law:** This area of law deals with legal issues related to families, such as divorce, child custody, and adoption. Family lawyers represent individuals in these matters and work to ensure that their clients' rights and interests are protected.

**Section 4: Importance of Legal Services**

Legal services are important because they help individuals and organizations navigate the complexities of the law. A lawyer can provide advice on legal matters, represent individuals in court or negotiations, and draft legal documents. This assistance can help individuals and organizations avoid legal problems and protect their rights and interests.

**Section 5: Conclusion**

In conclusion, legal services play a crucial role in society by providing individuals and organizations with the guidance and representation they need to navigate the law. Understanding the different types of legal services and when to seek out legal assistance is essential for anyone who wants to protect their rights and interests.


text: Have Questions?. We understand your vision and have the experience and expertise to help you realize it.. Sports Finance. World-class sports facilities today cost from $500 million to over $1 billion or more. Financing falls into three categories: public, private, and joint public-private partnerships. Endeavor Advisory Group has the experience and expertise to structure, market, and place debt and equity for public- and privately-supported sports facilities. Advisory services to franchises, major owners, and identifying investors in all major sports franchises include:. - Comprehensive Valuation Analysis,. - Development of bidding strategies,. - Development of buy-side and sell-side strategies,. - Tax finance packages providing loans.. Endeavor Advisory Group provides advisory services for all major sports, including the NFL, NHL, MLB, NBA, and Premier League Soccer.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Finance a Sports Facility

## Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn about financing a sports facility. We will cover the different types of financing available, the steps involved in financing a sports facility, and the different players involved in the process. By the end of this lesson, you will have a good understanding of how to finance a sports facility and the different factors to consider.

## Section 1: Types of Financing for Sports Facilities

There are three main types of financing for sports facilities: public, private, and joint public-private partnerships.

1. Public Financing: This type of financing is provided by the government or local authorities. It can come in the form of grants, loans, or tax-exempt bonds.

2. Private Financing: This type of financing is provided by private investors or companies. It can come in the form of equity investments or loans.

3. Joint Public-Private Partnerships: This type of financing is a combination of public and private financing. It involves a partnership between the government or local authorities and private investors or companies.

## Section 2: Steps Involved in Financing a Sports Facility

The steps involved in financing a sports facility are as follows:

1. Market Analysis: Conduct a market analysis to determine the demand for the sports facility and the potential revenue streams.

2. Business Plan: Develop a business plan that outlines the projected revenues, expenses, and profitability of the sports facility.

3. Financial Projections: Create financial projections that show the expected cash flow, debt service, and return on investment for the sports facility.

4. Structuring the Deal: Structure the deal by determining the best type of financing (public, private, or joint public-private partnership) and the terms and conditions of the financing.

5. Securing Financing: Secure financing by approaching potential lenders or investors and presenting the business plan, financial projections, and structuring of the deal.

6. Closing the Deal: Close the deal by finalizing the terms and conditions of the financing and signing the necessary documents.

## Section 3: Players Involved in the Process

There are several players involved in the process of financing a sports facility, including:

1. Owner: The owner is the person or entity that owns the sports facility and is responsible for its operation and maintenance.

2. Lender: The lender is the financial institution or investor that provides the financing for the sports facility.

3. Investor: The investor is the individual or entity that invests in the sports facility in exchange for a share of the profits or a return on their investment.

4. Government or Local Authorities: The government or local authorities may provide financing in the form of grants, loans, or tax-exempt bonds.

5. Consultant: The consultant is the professional that advises the owner on the financing options and assists in the structuring of the deal.

## Conclusion

Financing a sports facility requires careful planning and consideration of various factors. By understanding the different types of financing available, the steps involved in financing a sports facility, and the players involved in the process, you can make informed decisions and successfully finance your sports facility.


text: Here is a summary of our endorsements in some key contested races in tomorrow's primary elections.. In the governor's contest, it is a non-race on the Democratic side: William Donald Schaefer is our choice. On the Republican side, a closer race, we favor William S. Shepard as the standard-bearer of the moderate wing of his party.. Among Maryland's eight congressional districts, only the 1st District is providing a significant race. There, we favor Democrat Barbara Kreamer over the incumbent Roy Dyson, who doesn't want to fight wars himself but is eager to send other people's sons and daughters to do so. On the Republican side there, we favor Wayne T. Gilchrest, who almost won the seat two years ago.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Political Endorsements

Introduction:
Political endorsements are an important part of the democratic process. They help voters make informed decisions about who to vote for in an election. In this lesson, we will learn about what political endorsements are, why they matter, and how they can impact an election.

Section 1: What are Political Endorsements?

A political endorsement is a public declaration of support for a candidate or political party by an individual, group, or organization. Endorsements can come from celebrities, politicians, newspapers, or other organizations. They are important because they can help sway voters to choose a particular candidate.

Section 2: Why do Political Endorsements Matter?

Political endorsements matter because they can influence voters to choose a candidate they may not have otherwise considered. Endorsements can also help candidates gain credibility and visibility. For example, if a popular politician endorses a candidate, it can help that candidate gain more support from voters.

Section 3: How do Political Endorsements Impact an Election?

Political endorsements can impact an election in several ways. First, they can help a candidate gain more media coverage, which can help them reach more voters. Second, endorsements from influential individuals or organizations can help sway voters to choose a particular candidate. Finally, endorsements can also help candidates raise more money for their campaigns.

Section 4: Practical Examples

Let's look at an example of a political endorsement. In the 2020 presidential election, former President Barack Obama endorsed Joe Biden for president. This endorsement helped boost Biden's campaign and helped him win the election.

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned about what political endorsements are, why they matter, and how they can impact an election. We also looked at a practical example of how an endorsement can influence an election. By understanding the importance of political endorsements, we can make more informed decisions when voting in elections.

Glossary:
- Endorsement: A public declaration of support for a candidate or political party
- Credibility: The quality of being trustworthy or believable
- Visibility: The state of being easily seen or noticed


text: As a leader of our firm’s healthcare practice in the Rocky Mountain region, I help healthcare providers identify best practices to improve their business operations. I specialize in financial audits and reviews, board governance and education, financial performance reviews, UGG audits, and internal controls assessments. My clients include hospitals, physician groups, nursing homes, and in-home care agencies, as well as various nonprofit organizations.. View More of Ryan's Experience

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Financial Auditing

## Section 1: What is Financial Auditing?
Financial auditing is the process of examining an organization's financial records to ensure that they are accurate, complete, and compliant with relevant laws and regulations. It involves reviewing financial statements, accounting records, and other documentation to determine if the organization's financial position and operations are represented accurately.

## Section 2: Why is Financial Auditing Important?
Financial auditing is important because it provides stakeholders, including investors, creditors, and regulators, with confidence that the organization's financial statements are reliable and trustworthy. It also helps organizations detect and prevent fraud, waste, and abuse, and makes recommendations for improving financial processes and controls.

## Section 3: How does Financial Auditing Work?
Financial auditing typically involves the following steps:
1. Planning: Identifying the scope of the audit, selecting the audit team, and developing an audit plan.
2. Preparation: Obtaining an understanding of the organization's business, industry, and internal control systems.
3. Performance: Testing the design and operation of internal controls, and selecting samples and performing procedures to assess the accuracy and completeness of financial records.
4. Evaluation: Analyzing the evidence obtained during testing to determine whether the financial statements and records are accurate and compliant.
5. Reporting: Communicating the results of the audit to management and, if necessary, to external parties such as regulators or shareholders.

## Section 4: Types of Financial Audits
There are several types of financial audits, including:
1. External Audits: Conducted by independent accountants who are not employees of the organization.
2. Internal Audits: Conducted by the organization's own staff.
3. Compliance Audits: Focused on determining whether the organization is in compliance with specific laws, regulations, or contractual obligations.
4. Operational Audits: Focused on evaluating the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization's operations.

## Section 5: Conclusion
Financial auditing is a critical process that helps organizations ensure the accuracy and reliability of their financial statements, detect and prevent fraud, and improve financial processes and controls. By understanding the principles and techniques of financial auditing, you can become a valuable asset to any organization.


text: Viacom officials said they consider their offer to be "a clear win"-a sentiment investors generally shared, pushing the price of Viacom shares to new lows. Declining share price is a phenomenon afforded the perceived winner of a public company auction, in anticipating of the suitor lessening the value of its shares by assuming more debt or issuing more stock.. Paramount last week surprised analysts by announcing it expects to report a $35 million to $40 million loss for the quarter ended Jan. 31. Paramount expects an $18 million loss from its 50% stake in cable TV's USA Network due to lower than expected ratings, as well as a loss in motion picture operations.. There was growing speculation among traders that QVC may opt for a surprise move this week. Paramount shareholders must tender their shares by Feb. 14.M. Ms. Mermigas is financial editor at Electronic Media.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Stock Market Trends and Valuation
Introduction:
The stock market is a complex system where shares of publicly traded companies are issued and traded either through exchanges or over-the-counter markets. The value of these shares is influenced by various factors such as company performance, economic conditions, and investor sentiment. In this lesson, we will explore the concept of stock valuation and how it affects the value of shares in the market.
Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is to understand how the stock market works and how the value of shares is determined. We will also learn about the various factors that influence stock valuation and how to interpret market trends.
Section 1: Introduction to Stock Market
- Definition of stock market
- Explanation of how shares are issued and traded
- Overview of the different types of stock exchanges
Section 2: Understanding Stock Valuation
- Explanation of how stock valuation works
- Discussion of various methods used to determine stock value
- Analysis of how company performance, economic conditions, and investor sentiment affect stock valuation
Section 3: Interpreting Market Trends
- Explanation of how to read stock charts and interpret market trends
- Discussion of various indicators used to predict market movements
- Analysis of how news events and global economic conditions affect stock market trends
Section 4: Applying Skills to New Problems
- Discussion of how to use the skills learned in this lesson to analyze and invest in the stock market
- Examples of real-world scenarios where stock valuation and market trends play a significant role
Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding stock market trends and valuation is essential for anyone interested in investing in the stock market. By studying the various factors that influence stock valuation and interpreting market trends, we can make informed decisions about where to invest our money. This lesson has provided a foundation for understanding these concepts and applying them to new problems.


text: [Singapore] Learn N Earn - Build Mobile Apps Easily. Learn how to build mobile apps easily by using a locally developed platform, The Apps Building System (TABS)By e27 Editorial Staff 01 Aug, 2014. Synopsis:. Mobile Apps is cloud based.. How do we speed up the app-to-market process??. Learn how to use a locally developed platform, The Apps Building System (TABS) to build Mobile Apps easily!!. Who can attend?. ** Anyone from age 15 to 65 **. – Aspiring technopreneurs. – Existing & aspiring infocomm professionals. – Business Owners. ** Attendees MUST bring your own WIFI enabled notebook AND smart phones. Event Details. Date: 29 August 2014 (Friday). Time: 10.00am to 5.00pm (1 hr lunch break in between at own expenses). Venue: North Bridge Centre,. 420 North Bridge Road,. #06-29/30 S188727. Event details:. - Start: Friday, 29 August, 2014 10:00 a.m.. - End: Friday, 29 August, 2014 05:00 p.m.. - Venue : North Bridge Centre, 420 North Bridge Road, #06-29/30 S188727. - Country :Singapore. - Register here. - Organizer : SiTF PPPO

textbook:
Lesson: How to Build Mobile Apps Easily
Introduction:
In today's digital world, mobile apps are an essential part of our lives. They help us stay connected with friends, family, and work. They provide entertainment, information, and services. However, building a mobile app can be a complex and time-consuming process that requires specialized knowledge and skills. In this lesson, we will learn how to build mobile apps easily using a locally developed platform called The Apps Building System (TABS).
Section 1: What is TABS?
TABS is a cloud-based platform that allows users to build mobile apps easily without any programming knowledge. It provides a drag-and-drop interface that enables users to design and develop their apps visually. TABS supports various mobile platforms such as iOS, Android, and Windows.
Section 2: How does TABS work?
TABS works by providing a visual interface where users can create and customize their mobile apps. Users can choose from various templates or start from scratch. They can add different components such as buttons, text fields, images, and videos. Once the app is designed, TABS compiles the app and deploys it to the respective app store.
Section 3: Why use TABS?
TABS is an excellent tool for anyone who wants to build mobile apps easily. It eliminates the need for programming knowledge, making it accessible to everyone. It also saves time and effort since it automates the app-building process. Additionally, TABS provides various features such as analytics, push notifications, and social media integration.
Section 4: How to use TABS
To use TABS, follow these steps:
1. Sign up for a TABS account.
2. Choose a template or start from scratch.
3. Customize your app by adding components and design elements.
4. Preview your app and make any necessary changes.
5. Compile and deploy your app to the app store.
Section 5: Real-world examples
TABS has been used to build various mobile apps, including a fitness tracker, a restaurant finder, and a game. These apps were built easily and quickly using TABS, and they have been successful in their respective app stores.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, TABS is an excellent platform for building mobile apps easily. It provides a user-friendly interface that enables users to design and develop their apps visually. It saves time and effort while providing various features such as analytics and push notifications. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, anyone can build a mobile app using TABS.


text: Power consumption. We tested power consumption under load with IOMeter's workstation access pattern chewing through 32 concurrent I/O requests. Idle power consumption was probed one minute after processing Windows 7's idle tasks on an empty desktop.. Notebook users beware: don't assume that 2.5" mobile drives have anywhere close to the power consumption of the Caviar Black. In reality, you're looking at power consumption in the 1-3W range, making it difficult to argue that adding an SSD to your notebook will dramatically improve battery life. It will, however, allow you to toss that system around with no fear of a head crash tearing through your hard drive's mechanical platters in a grinding crescendo of catastrophic data loss.. Among our collection of solid-state drives, the Intel 320 Series consumes the least amount of power overall. All of the drives are pretty power-efficient, although the ones based on SandForce silicon do tend to draw more wattage both at idle and under load.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Power Consumption in Hard Drives

Introduction:
Power consumption is an essential aspect of hard drives that affects their performance, reliability, and energy efficiency. In this lesson, we will explore the concept of power consumption in hard drives, including its measurement, factors influencing it, and the impact of power consumption on other aspects of the drive's performance.

Section 1: Understanding Power Consumption

**Question:** What is power consumption in hard drives?
**Answer:** Power consumption refers to the amount of electrical power required by a hard drive to operate. This includes the energy needed for spinning the platter, reading and writing data, and performing other internal operations.

**Question:** How is power consumption measured?
**Answer:** Power consumption is typically measured in watts (W). The amount of power consumed by a hard drive can vary depending on the workload, temperature, and other factors.

**Question:** What factors influence power consumption in hard drives?
**Answer:** Several factors can influence power consumption in hard drives, including:

1. Drive size: Larger drives consume more power because they have more data to store and access.

2. Interface: SATA and SAS interfaces consume less power than PCIe or USB interfaces.

3. Cache size: A larger cache can increase power consumption because it requires more energy to store and access data.

4. Workload: High-performance drives consume more power than low-performance drives because they have to work harder to read and write data.

5. Temperature: Higher temperatures can increase power consumption because the drive has to work harder to maintain its performance.

Section 2: Impact of Power Consumption on Hard Drive Performance

**Question:** How does power consumption affect hard drive performance?
**Answer:** Power consumption can affect hard drive performance in several ways:

1. Energy efficiency: Higher power consumption can reduce the energy efficiency of a system, leading to higher electricity costs and potentially reducing the overall performance of the system.

2. Thermal management: Excessive power consumption can cause the drive to generate more heat, which can lead to thermal issues such as reduced performance or even drive failure.

3. Noise: Higher power consumption can cause the drive to generate more noise, which can be a problem in quiet environments such as data centers.

4. Battery life: In portable devices, higher power consumption can reduce battery life, making the device less useful for tasks that require extended periods of use.

Section 3: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios

**Question:** How can we measure power consumption in hard drives?
**Answer:** Power consumption can be measured using a tool such as HDTune or CrystalDiskInfo. These tools can provide detailed information about the power consumption of a hard drive, including its idle power consumption and power consumption under load.

**Question:** How can we compare the power consumption of different hard drives?
**Answer:** To compare the power consumption of different hard drives, we can look at their average power consumption under load and idle. We can also compare their peak power consumption during bursts of activity.

**Question:** How can we reduce power consumption in hard drives?
**Answer:** There are several ways to reduce power consumption in hard drives, including:

1. Using a lower-power interface such as SATA or SAS instead of PCIe or USB.

2. Choosing a drive with a smaller cache size, which consumes less power.

3. Using a drive with a lower RPM, which consumes less power.

4. Ensuring that the drive operates at optimal temperature, which can reduce power consumption.

Conclusion:
Understanding power consumption in hard drives is essential for selecting the right drive for a specific application and ensuring optimal performance, reliability, and energy efficiency. By considering factors such as drive size, interface, cache size, workload, and temperature, we can make informed decisions about which drives will consume the least amount of power while providing the best performance.


text: Growing up in California and getting a degree in fine arts, I moved to New York eight years ago to pursue a degree in art therapy. Today, I am a licensed Creative Arts Therapist, in order to help those who are suffering emotionally and mentally through the creative process. Art therapists are trained not only in art, but in human development, psychology, and therapy as well, in order to be able to help others process, interpret, transform and create meaning from the various themes, metaphors, struggles, emotions, and memories that the creation of art may evoke. My own art work reflects the metaphor that beauty and meaning can be created from garbage and randomness.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Become an Art Therapist
Introduction:
Art therapy is a form of treatment that uses the creative process to support mental health and healing. It involves working with clients to create art, discuss the meanings behind their work, and use the process to explore emotions, develop coping skills, and improve overall mental wellbeing. In this lesson, we will learn about the steps involved in becoming an art therapist, including education, training, and certification.
I. Education and Training
A. Bachelor's Degree: To become an art therapist, you must first earn a bachelor's degree in art therapy or a related field such as psychology, counseling, or social work. During your studies, you will take courses in art history, studio art, psychology, and counseling to gain a strong foundation in both the creative and therapeutic aspects of the profession.
B. Master's Degree: After completing your bachelor's degree, you will need to earn a master's degree in art therapy or a related field. A master's program typically takes two years to complete and includes coursework in research methods, statistics, and advanced clinical practice. You will also complete a supervised internship to gain hands-on experience working with clients.
C. Certification: To become a registered art therapist (ATR), you must pass the Art Therapy Credentials Board (ATCB) examination. The exam covers topics such as professional conduct, clinical practice, and ethics. To be eligible to sit for the exam, you must have completed a minimum of 1,000 hours of supervised clinical work and earned a master's degree in art therapy or a related field.
II. Skills and Qualities
A. Creativity: Art therapists must be creative and skilled in various art forms such as painting, drawing, sculpture, and collage. They must be able to guide clients in creating artwork that reflects their emotions and experiences.
B. Empathy: Art therapists must be able to understand and relate to their clients' feelings and experiences. They must be able to create a safe and supportive environment for clients to express themselves through art.
C. Communication: Art therapists must be able to communicate effectively with clients, family members, and other healthcare professionals. They must be able to explain the therapeutic process and its benefits to clients and their families.
D. Problem-Solving: Art therapists must be able to identify clients' needs and develop appropriate interventions to address those needs. They must be able to assess clients' progress and adjust their approach as needed.
III. Career Opportunities
A. Hospitals: Many art therapists work in hospitals, providing services to patients who are undergoing medical treatment or dealing with chronic illness.
B. Schools: Some art therapists work in schools, providing counseling services to students who may be struggling with academic or personal issues.
C. Mental Health Clinics: Art therapists may work in mental health clinics, providing therapy to individuals who are experiencing mental health challenges such as depression, anxiety, or trauma.
D. Rehabilitation Centers: Art therapists may work in rehabilitation centers, helping individuals recovering from addiction or other substance abuse issues.
Conclusion:
Becoming an art therapist requires a strong foundation in both art and psychology. Through education, training, and certification, art therapists can help individuals improve their mental health and wellbeing through the creative process. Whether working in a hospital, school, mental health clinic, or rehabilitation center, art therapists play a vital role in supporting the emotional and mental health of their clients.


text: VFX Artist.. Role: Digital Artist. Experience: 2 – 3 year. Responsibilities:. - Manipulate and edit videos pieces in a way that is invisible to the audience.. - Trim footage segments and put together the sequence of the Video.. - Input music, Voice Overs, graphics and effects. - Create rough and final cuts.. - Ensure logical sequencing and smooth running. - Overseeing the quality and progress of audio and video engineering and editing. - Experimenting with styles and techniques including the design of graphic elements. - Suggesting or selecting music.. - Continuously discover and implement new editing technologies and industry’s best practices to maximize efficiency.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Video Editing

Introduction:
Video editing is the process of manipulating and rearranging video shots to create a new work. It is an essential part of the post-production process. In this lesson, we will learn about the role of a VFX artist, their responsibilities, and the techniques used in video editing.

Core Value:
The core value of video editing is to tell a story effectively by manipulating and enhancing visual and audio elements.

Section 1: Understanding the Role of a VFX Artist

Topic 1: What is a VFX Artist?
A VFX artist is responsible for creating visual effects that enhance the overall look and feel of a film or video. They use computer-generated imagery (CGI) and other techniques to create realistic and stunning visual effects.

Topic 2: What are the responsibilities of a VFX Artist?
The responsibilities of a VFX artist include manipulating and editing videos pieces in a way that is invisible to the audience, trimming footage segments, putting together the sequence of the video, inputting music, voiceovers, graphics, and effects, creating rough and final cuts, ensuring logical sequencing and smooth running, overseeing the quality and progress of audio and video engineering and editing, experimenting with styles and techniques including the design of graphic elements, suggesting or selecting music, and continuously discovering and implementing new editing technologies and industry's best practices to maximize efficiency.

Section 2: Techniques used in Video Editing

Topic 1: What are the techniques used in video editing?
The techniques used in video editing include cutting, splicing, and trimming. These techniques involve manipulating the footage to create a cohesive and engaging story. Other techniques include color correction, adding sound effects, and using transitions between scenes.

Topic 2: What is the importance of editing in video production?
Editing is an essential part of video production as it helps to shape the narrative, pace, and tone of the final product. It allows filmmakers to tell a story effectively by selecting the right shots, arranging them in the correct order, and enhancing the visual and audio elements.

Section 3: Applying Video Editing Techniques

Topic 1: How can we apply video editing techniques to our daily lives?
We can apply video editing techniques to our daily lives by creating short videos to share on social media platforms. We can use editing tools to add music, graphics, and effects to enhance the overall look and feel of the video.

Topic 2: How can we use video editing to improve our communication skills?
Video editing can help us improve our communication skills by allowing us to create engaging and informative presentations. By selecting the right shots, adding music and graphics, and using transitions between scenes, we can create a cohesive and compelling narrative that captures the attention of our audience.

Glossary:
- VFX Artist: A digital artist who creates visual effects for films and videos.
- CGI: Computer-generated imagery.
- Final Cut: The last edit of a video before it is completed.
- Rough Cut: An early version of a video edit that is not yet complete.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the role of a VFX artist, their responsibilities, and the techniques used in video editing. We also applied these techniques to our daily lives and improved our communication skills. By understanding the core value of video editing, we can create engaging and effective videos that tell a compelling story.


text: We rely on industry experts to develop workforce solutions tailored to the unique requirements of each client. Our experts have a firm understanding of the market conditions and best practices for each industry we serve. Their knowledge enables us to better understand the context and nuance of specific workforce requirements, and helps us develop strategies that provides optimum results. Our industry experts also provide valuable insight into emerging trends and perform market research to validate strategies and improve the reliability of our forecasts.

textbook:
**Lesson: Understanding Industry Experts**

**Objective:** To understand the role of industry experts in developing workforce solutions tailored to the unique requirements of each client.

**Introduction:** Industry experts are professionals who have extensive knowledge and experience in a particular field or industry. They use their expertise to provide valuable insights and advice to help businesses achieve their goals. In the context of workforce solutions, industry experts play a crucial role in developing strategies that meet the specific needs of each client.

**Section 1: The Role of Industry Experts**

**Topic 1: Market Conditions**
- What are market conditions?
- How do industry experts use their knowledge of market conditions to develop workforce solutions?
- Why is it important for industry experts to have a firm understanding of market conditions?

**Topic 2: Best Practices**
- What are best practices?
- How do industry experts use their knowledge of best practices to develop workforce solutions?
- Why is it important for industry experts to have a firm understanding of best practices?

**Topic 3: Emerging Trends**
- What are emerging trends?
- How do industry experts use their knowledge of emerging trends to develop workforce solutions?
- Why is it important for industry experts to stay up-to-date with emerging trends?

**Section 2: Applying Industry Expertise**

**Topic 1: Context and Nuance**
- What is context and nuance?
- How do industry experts use their knowledge of context and nuance to develop workforce solutions?
- Why is it important for industry experts to understand the context and nuance of specific workforce requirements?

**Topic 2: Strategies and Forecasts**
- What are strategies and forecasts?
- How do industry experts use their knowledge to develop workforce solutions?
- Why is it important for industry experts to develop reliable forecasts?

**Topic 3: Market Research**
- What is market research?
- How do industry experts use market research to validate strategies and improve the reliability of forecasts?
- Why is market research important in developing workforce solutions?

**Section 3: Real-World Examples**

**Topic 1: Healthcare Industry**
- How do industry experts use their knowledge of the healthcare industry to develop workforce solutions?
- What are some examples of workforce solutions developed for the healthcare industry?
- How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the healthcare industry and its workforce?

**Topic 2: Technology Industry**
- How do industry experts use their knowledge of the technology industry to develop workforce solutions?
- What are some examples of workforce solutions developed for the technology industry?
- How has the rapid growth of technology impacted the technology industry's workforce?

**Glossary:**
- Industry Expert: A professional with extensive knowledge and experience in a particular field or industry.
- Market Conditions: The current state of the market, including factors such as supply and demand, competition, and economic conditions.
- Best Practices: Techniques, methods, or processes that are widely accepted as being the most effective and efficient way to achieve a particular goal.
- Emerging Trends: New developments or innovations that are gaining popularity or momentum in a particular industry.

**Conclusion:** Industry experts play a vital role in developing workforce solutions tailored to the unique requirements of each client. By leveraging their knowledge of market conditions, best practices, and emerging trends, industry experts can develop strategies that meet the specific needs of each client. By staying up-to-date with industry trends and conducting market research, industry experts can ensure that their solutions are reliable and effective. By understanding the context and nuance of specific workforce requirements, industry experts can develop strategies that are customized to each client's needs.


text: New York City is too big to take photos. It takes so many days and still doesn’t finish.. She was always asking donation at the same spot.. Playground in New York City. Surrounded by wire net and covered by conclete……But New York is a city which has lots of residential people. That is the biggest difference compare to other cities. This film image looks quite different from others.. One day, I took a wrong train and got off at Bronx. It was still a bit rough neighbourhood.. Those wall paintings are quite well done. They should come to Vancouver to do it.. In front of Hotel Pensilvania……It was an amazing lighting in an evening.. This is the view of Manhattan from ferry to Staten Island. This is another good spot to shoot skyline of New York.. CONTAX Tvs Digital

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Photography
## Section 1: Understanding Photography Basics
In this section, we will learn about the basics of photography, including the history of photography, the different types of cameras, and the basic principles of taking a good photograph.
### Subsection 1.1: History of Photography
Photography has been around for over 200 years. It was first invented in 1839 by Louis Daguerre. Since then, photography has evolved into a popular hobby and profession.
### Subsection 1.2: Types of Cameras
There are several types of cameras that can be used for photography. These include DSLRs, mirrorless cameras, point-and-shoot cameras, and smartphones. Each type of camera has its own advantages and disadvantages.
### Subsection 1.3: Basic Principles of Taking a Good Photograph
To take a good photograph, you need to understand the basic principles of photography. These include composition, exposure, focus, and lighting.
## Section 2: Understanding Exposure
In this section, we will learn about exposure, which is one of the most important principles of photography. Exposure refers to the amount of light that enters the camera and affects the final image.
### Subsection 2.1: Understanding Aperture
Aperture is the size of the opening in the lens that allows light to enter the camera. A larger aperture lets in more light, while a smaller aperture lets in less light.
### Subsection 2.2: Understanding Shutter Speed
Shutter speed is the length of time that the camera's shutter is open, allowing light to enter the camera. A longer shutter speed lets in more light, while a shorter shutter speed lets in less light.
### Subsection 2.3: Understanding ISO
ISO is the sensitivity of the camera's sensor to light. A higher ISO means that the sensor is more sensitive to light, while a lower ISO means that the sensor is less sensitive to light.
## Section 3: Taking Great Photographs
In this section, we will learn about the different techniques that can be used to take great photographs.
### Subsection 3.1: Composition
Composition is the arrangement of elements in a photograph. There are several composition techniques that can be used to create visually appealing photographs.
### Subsection 3.2: Focus
Focus is the sharpness of the subject in the photograph. There are several techniques that can be used to achieve proper focus in a photograph.
### Subsection 3.3: Lighting
Lighting is the quality of light in a photograph. There are several techniques that can be used to achieve good lighting in a photograph.
## Glossary
- Aperture: The size of the opening in the lens that allows light to enter the camera.
- Shutter speed: The length of time that the camera's shutter is open, allowing light to enter the camera.
- ISO: The sensitivity of the camera's sensor to light.
- Composition: The arrangement of elements in a photograph.
- Focus: The sharpness of the subject in the photograph.
- Lighting: The quality of light in a photograph.
## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about the basics of photography, including the history of photography, the different types of cameras, and the basic principles of taking a good photograph. We also learned about exposure, composition, focus, and lighting, and how to use these techniques to take great photographs. By understanding these principles and techniques, we can apply them to our own photography and create visually appealing images.


text:
XDN DigitalNote ICCO officially started Initial Crowdfunding on 02 June 2017 to collect XDN coins (IC) stage to offer them for sale “Coin Offering” (CO) stage on 09 June 2017. The campaign has raised over 1.25 billion XDN coins in total, with 327 million XDN coins being funded in the first 36 hours of the IC stage.

The main objective of the campaign was to distribute the digital currency on a larger scale. Since there were around 127 million XDN being traded on HitBTC, the objective of the campaign sounds reasonable as the total coins on the exchange site was about 10% only of the CO wallet. Therefore, it makes sense to run the campaign, as the availability of XDN was limited. Hence, supplying that amount to investors for that purpose was a good idea especially those early adopters collaborated to fund the ICCO wallet and put that amount for sale.

The official announcement about XDN ICCO made by XDN developers on 31 May 2017, just two days before the campaign started on HitBTC. However, there were several attempts to launch the campaign before that date, but according to XDN developers, they had to postpone it to ensure that they prepare everything perfectly. A tweet from XDN developers on 28 March 2017:

Due to the high interest in $XDN ICCO, XDN developers decided to prorogue XDN ICCO for several weeks to have everything done perfectly.

The original ICCO price list at the announcement date was set in (320,000 XDN) per lot as follows:

Week (2) 0.5 BTC per lot (156 satoshi per XDN)

Week (3) 0.6 BTC per lot (187 satoshi per XDN)

Week (4) 0.7 BTC per lot (218 satoshi per XDN)

XDN started the IC stage at ~70 and rose to 350 on the third day of the campaign achieving all time high, which is more than the ICCO final week price. The idea of voting for a new price was introduced to the community by then, which took place just two days before the IC stage ends (on 07 June 2017). The voting was open for 24 hours, and then the new price list was announced just a few hours before the CO stage begins.

Week (2) 0.5 BTC per lot (600 satoshi per XDN)

Week (3) 0.6 BTC per lot (700 satoshi per XDN)

Week (4) 0.7 BTC per lot (800 satoshi per XDN)

Reasons Behind Failure

Lack of Preparation (Pre-ICCO)

Before getting into what went wrong with running the ICCO, we first explain before it was started.

The official ICCO announcement was published on 31 May 2017 that it will start on 02 June 2017 so just one day in between. The short amount of time between the announcement and the launch of the campaign does not allow the announcement to reach the target audience, which represents the lack of preparation. Although XDN developers released Android Wallet shortly after the launch of the campaign, the preparation was mostly one sided since there were no investors interested in the digital currency before the campaign launched, as well as the plan was not precise in terms of covering all aspects of the campaign such as what happened with the price.

Price Confusion and Misleading Information

Our observations clearly show that the level interest was high according to the increasing demand, which pushed the price from ~70 to ~350 in a matter of days. We were expecting this to continue until we found out that buyers decided to stop buying from the market and buy directly from XDNCO because it offers the coin much cheaper (according to the original price list starting at 156 satoshi). The ICCO official webpage stated clearly the original price list, and was left outdated since XDN developers decided to run the voting in order to determine the new price list, most of XDN buyers were now aware of that phenomena. At the same time, XDN developers were not aware of the fact that buyers are lining up to buy from ICCO according to the original price list, so they decided to run the voting less than 2 days before IC was about to end. The price was changed accordingly a few hours before the CO was about to begin, while the official ICCO page still showing the original price list.

Missing Value Proposition

XDN started to drop in value when the price confusion went viral as buyers were waiting for the CO to start in order to buy it cheaper, and then they became aware of the voting to determine the new price following it with the voting result. The price per XDN touched 207 satoshi on 07 June 2017 and when the new price was determined, it rose back to 320 satoshi right after the CO began. The confusion has put buyers off since it was supposed to sell at 156 satoshi, the price was set at 600 satoshi instead. Therefore, the value proposition was missing, as the digital currency at that time was available to buy at less than half ICCO price. It just did not make sense to buy 100,000 XDN for 0.5 BTC at a time anyone could get it for 0.2 BTC. This has deepen the struggle for XDN to prove its value. In addition to that, the ICCO failed to get a good number of sales to capture investors’ attention and therefore it was abandoned after 9 lots being sold in the first week only. The campaign, however, was offering 12,500 lots for sale and needed to sell at least 595 on CO stage to achieve its target.

Future Success

In order for XDN to succeed in its future ICCO, there are several things need to be improved.

Preparation

Launching a campaign with a short notice and without a real preparation has proven to be unsuccessful. What XDN needs is to prepare everything in advance, announce the campaign before the launch in a sufficient time, capture investors’ interests, and create reliable selling points to reassure those investors. Market research is also a key to differentiate XDN from its competitors with what the project has to offer.

Back it up with Value Proposition

With every single sale there is a value proposition for the buyer. XDN needs to determine its value proposition for its investors and get that right before assuming that buyers are going to buy once we put the offer on the table.

Empower the Community

Getting the community members involved in various tasks is a smart way of getting things done more effectively and efficiently. The community behind the project could take it to a higher level, achieving bigger goals in a cost-effective way. It is understandable that the developers want to remain anonymous, but empowering XDN community will not breach that. This will create a healthy community based project that everyone can contribute and help the project to succeed.

Improve XDN Ecosystem and Increase User-base

In order to increase the user-base there must be an operating ecosystem that allows users to benefit from using the digital currency. XDN can rely on its community to create various systems to improve the ecosystem so that more users become aware of it and interested in using it.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Cryptocurrency

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of cryptocurrency and its applications.

**Section 1: What is Cryptocurrency?**

Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual form of currency that uses cryptography for security. It operates on a decentralized network called blockchain, which is a distributed ledger that records all transactions. Cryptocurrencies are not controlled by any central authority, such as a government or bank, making them an attractive option for those seeking financial privacy and independence.

**Section 2: How does Cryptocurrency work?**

Cryptocurrencies use a technology called blockchain to function. Blockchain is a digital ledger that records all transactions in a secure and transparent manner. Transactions are verified by network nodes and recorded in blocks, which are linked and secured using cryptography. This process ensures that transactions are valid and prevents fraud or double spending.

**Section 3: Why use Cryptocurrency?**

There are several reasons why people might choose to use cryptocurrency. Some of these reasons include:

- Financial privacy: Cryptocurrency transactions are not easily traceable, making them an attractive option for those seeking to keep their finances private.
- Lower transaction fees: Cryptocurrency transactions typically have lower fees than traditional bank transactions.
- Faster processing times: Cryptocurrency transactions are processed quickly, often within minutes, compared to traditional bank transactions which can take days to process.

**Section 4: Real-world applications of Cryptocurrency**

Cryptocurrencies have many real-world applications, including:

- Online purchases: Many online retailers now accept cryptocurrencies as payment for goods and services.
- Investment: Some people invest in cryptocurrencies as a form of digital asset, similar to stocks or commodities.
- Remittances: Cryptocurrencies can be used to send money across borders quickly and cheaply, without the need for traditional banking institutions.

**Section 5: Conclusion**

In conclusion, cryptocurrency is a digital form of currency that operates on a decentralized network called blockchain. It offers several advantages over traditional banking systems, including financial privacy, lower transaction fees, and faster processing times. As cryptocurrencies become more widely accepted, they have the potential to revolutionize the way we conduct financial transactions.


text: A vision of Britain from 1801 to now.. Including maps, statistical trends and historical descriptions.. Rates are used to define comparative statistics that can be mapped and graphed. For example, our occupational information includes counts of the number of workers in employment and out of employment, as well as the total number of workers. We then define a measure called the 'Unemployment Rate', which uses the number out of work rather than the number in work, and expresses it as a percentage of the total, rather than a rate per thousand. The descriptive text in the system is defined mainly for rates.. Themes, which organise the database into broad topics:. Rate " Wesleyan Methodist 'Attendances' as Percentage of Total " contains no lower-level entities.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Statistical Rates

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about statistical rates and how they are used to analyze data. We will also learn how to interpret and compare rates using different types of graphs.

Section 1: What are Statistical Rates?
Statistical rates are measures used to compare data over time or across different groups. They are usually expressed as percentages or ratios and are used to describe the relationship between two or more variables.

Example:
The unemployment rate is a statistical rate that describes the percentage of people in a country who are out of work and looking for a job. It is calculated by dividing the number of unemployed people by the total number of people in the labor force and multiplying by 100.

Section 2: Types of Statistical Rates
There are different types of statistical rates, including:

1. Crude rates: These rates are calculated without considering any age or gender differences.
2. Specific rates: These rates are calculated based on specific age or gender groups.
3. Age-standardized rates: These rates are adjusted to account for differences in age distribution between populations.

Example:
The age-standardized death rate from cancer in the US in 2019 was 181 per 100,000 people. This rate takes into account the different age distributions in the US population and allows for comparisons with other countries.

Section 3: How to Interpret and Compare Rates Using Graphs
To interpret and compare statistical rates, we can use different types of graphs, such as:

1. Bar graphs: These graphs show the number of people in different categories or groups.
2. Line graphs: These graphs show the change in a variable over time.
3. Pie charts: These graphs show the proportion of different categories or groups in a total.

Example:
Let's say we want to compare the literacy rates of two countries, Country A and Country B. We can create a bar graph that shows the percentage of people who can read and write in each country. If Country A has a higher bar on the graph, it means that a higher percentage of its population is literate compared to Country B.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about statistical rates and how they are used to analyze data. We also learned how to interpret and compare rates using different types of graphs. By understanding these concepts, we can make informed decisions and analyze data more effectively.

Glossary:
- Statistical rate: A measure used to compare data over time or across different groups.
- Crude rate: A rate calculated without considering any age or gender differences.
- Specific rate: A rate calculated based on specific age or gender groups.
- Age-standardized rate: A rate adjusted to account for differences in age distribution between populations.
- Bar graph: A graph that shows the number of people in different categories or groups.
- Line graph: A graph that shows the change in a variable over time.
- Pie chart: A graph that shows the proportion of different categories or groups in a total.


text: Invest in the quality of life for your loved ones and neighbors by providing much-needed funds for state-of-the-art medical equipment, groundbreaking research, new clinical programs and medical education opportunities. Donate online.. To speak with someone personally who can help you make the gift of your choice, please call (916) 734-9400.. There are almost as many ways to give as there are programs in need of your support. We appreciate your interest in contributing to the UC Davis Health System.. Please visit our Case for Support for additional information about why your gift is so essential.To learn more about other ways of giving select from the list below:Ways to Give

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Philanthropy
Introduction:
Philanthropy is the act of donating money or time to help others. It is an important part of society and can have a significant impact on the lives of those who receive the donations. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of philanthropy, the different ways to give, and how to apply these skills to new problems.
Core Value:
The core value of philanthropy is that it is an investment in the quality of life for ourselves and others. By donating money or time, we can provide much-needed funds for state-of-the-art medical equipment, groundbreaking research, new clinical programs, and medical education opportunities. This can improve the lives of our loved ones and neighbors, as well as contribute to the overall health and well-being of our community.
Section 1: Understanding Philanthropy
Topic 1: The Importance of Philanthropy
Question: Why is philanthropy important?
Answer: Philanthropy is important because it can have a significant impact on the lives of others. By donating money or time, we can help fund essential programs and research that can improve the quality of life for ourselves and our community.
Topic 2: Different Ways to Give
Question: What are some different ways to give?
Answer: There are almost as many ways to give as there are programs in need of your support. Some common ways to give include donating money, volunteering time, or donating goods or services.
Section 2: Applying Philanthropy to New Problems
Topic 1: How to Apply Philanthropy Skills
Question: How can I apply the skills I learn from philanthropy to new problems?
Answer: By understanding the core value of philanthropy and the different ways to give, you can apply these skills to any problem that you encounter. For example, if you see a need in your community, you can use your philanthropy skills to identify ways to donate money or time to address the issue.
Topic 2: Critical Thinking
Question: How can I use critical thinking in my philanthropy efforts?
Answer: Critical thinking is an important skill to have when it comes to philanthropy. By analyzing different programs and research, you can determine which ones are most effective and worth supporting. You can also use critical thinking to evaluate the impact of your donations and adjust your giving strategy accordingly.
Section 3: Glossary
Term: Philanthropy
Definition: Philanthropy is the act of donating money or time to help others.
Term: Core Value
Definition: A core value is a fundamental belief or principle that guides our actions and decisions.
Term: Groundbreaking Research
Definition: Groundbreaking research is research that is innovative and has the potential to significantly advance our understanding of a particular topic.
Conclusion:
By learning about the importance of philanthropy and the different ways to give, we can apply these skills to new problems and make a positive impact on our community. Whether it's donating money or time, we can all play a role in improving the quality of life for ourselves and others.


text: Kangasala church. Kangasala church locates in the heart of the city. We designed a composed facade lighting to make the church stand out from the cityscape in a balanced manner. The building is thoroughly lit by a soft light, only the inlaid cross above the entrance is lit to stand out as a little detail. Warm light glowing out from the windows and the campanile gives a signal of the churchs active presence in the city.. Categories: Outdoor lighting, Urban space

textbook:
**Lesson: Outdoor Lighting for Buildings**

**Introduction:** Outdoor lighting plays an essential role in enhancing the visibility and safety of buildings in urban spaces. In this lesson, we will explore the principles of outdoor lighting for buildings, including the types of lighting, the benefits of proper lighting, and the factors to consider when designing outdoor lighting systems.

**Section 1: Types of Outdoor Lighting**

There are two main types of outdoor lighting: accent lighting and general lighting. Accent lighting is used to highlight specific features of a building, such as architectural details or landscaping. General lighting, on the other hand, provides overall illumination for the entire building and its surroundings.

**Section 2: Benefits of Proper Outdoor Lighting**

Proper outdoor lighting has several benefits, including:

- Enhancing safety and security by improving visibility and reducing the risk of accidents
- Highlighting the unique features of a building and creating a visually appealing environment
- Improving the functionality of a building by providing adequate lighting for activities such as reading or working
- Reducing energy consumption by using energy-efficient lighting fixtures

**Section 3: Factors to Consider When Designing Outdoor Lighting Systems**

When designing outdoor lighting systems, several factors must be considered, including:

- The purpose of the lighting (e.g., accent lighting or general lighting)
- The location and orientation of the building and its surroundings
- The color temperature and intensity of the lighting
- The energy efficiency of the lighting fixtures
- The compatibility of the lighting with other elements in the urban space, such as traffic signals and streetlights

**Section 4: Practical Examples**

Let's consider a practical example of outdoor lighting for a church located in the heart of a city. The church's architecture is impressive, with stained glass windows and a tall steeple. To enhance the church's visibility and safety, we can design a lighting system that highlights the stained glass windows and the campanile while providing general illumination for the surrounding area.

To achieve this, we can use warm-colored LED lights that create a soft glow and highlight the details of the stained glass windows. The campanile can be lit with a brighter light to stand out as a dominant feature in the urban space. The lighting fixtures should be carefully positioned to avoid glare and ensure that the church blends well with the surrounding environment.

**Conclusion:** In this lesson, we have explored the principles of outdoor lighting for buildings, including the types of lighting, the benefits of proper lighting, and the factors to consider when designing outdoor lighting systems. By understanding these principles, we can create lighting designs that enhance the visibility, safety, and appeal of buildings in urban spaces.

**Glossary:**
- Accent lighting: Lighting that is used to highlight specific features of a building
- General lighting: Lighting that provides overall illumination for a building and its surroundings
- Color temperature: The color of light, measured in Kelvin (K)
- Intensity: The brightness of light, measured in foot-candles (fc)
- Energy efficiency: The ratio of useful output to total input energy
- LED: Light-emitting diode

**Self-Debating Discussion:** How would you design the outdoor lighting for a historical building in a busy urban area? What factors would you consider, and what type of lighting would you use?


text: A Beginning Guide to Homeschooling. A Beginning guide to homeschooling is some basics to get you started on your homeschooling journey.. Current Georgia State Homeschool Laws. Current Georgia State Law. Georgia Department of Education. Home Study Program Declaration of Intent (DOI). The online form is a convenient way to fill out your declaration of intent.. HSLDA: Homeschool Legal Defense. HSLDA is a homeschool advocacy group with great information about homeschooling laws for each state and information on homeschooling as a national and global issue.. GHEA – Georgia Homeschool Education Association. GHEA’s website has so many resources on every aspect of homeschooling. I use it when I have a specific question or just to peruse from time to time for inspiration and ideas.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Homeschooling

Lesson Overview:
In this lesson, we will explore the basics of homeschooling and learn about the legal requirements and resources available for homeschoolers in Georgia.

Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
1. Identify the benefits and challenges of homeschooling.
2. Understand the legal requirements for homeschooling in Georgia.
3. Describe the resources available for homeschoolers in Georgia.

Section 1: Introduction to Homeschooling

Topic 1: Benefits and Challenges of Homeschooling
Homeschooling is a unique educational experience that provides many benefits and challenges. Some of the benefits of homeschooling include:
- Personalized learning experiences tailored to the child's needs and interests
- Flexible schedules that allow for family activities and travel
- A safe and nurturing environment free from peer pressure and bullying
- Opportunities for strong family relationships and spiritual growth

However, homeschooling also presents some challenges, such as:
- Limited socialization opportunities and potential isolation
- Difficulty in finding support and community
- Time commitment and potential impact on the parent's career or personal life
- Lack of access to extracurricular activities and resources found in traditional schools

Topic 2: Legal Requirements for Homeschooling in Georgia
In Georgia, homeschooling is considered a private school option, and parents are responsible for providing their children with an education. The legal requirements for homeschooling in Georgia include:
- Submitting a Declaration of Intent (DOI) to the local board of education
- Providing instruction in reading, writing, mathematics, science, and social studies
- Keeping attendance records and providing a portfolio of the child's work
- Following the same school calendar as public schools (unless a waiver is granted)

Parents who choose to homeschool their children must ensure that they meet these requirements and follow the laws governing homeschooling in Georgia.

Section 2: Resources for Homeschoolers in Georgia

Topic 1: Georgia Homeschool Association (GHEA)
GHEA is a non-profit organization that supports and advocates for homeschoolers in Georgia. They provide resources, support, and information on homeschooling laws and policies. Some of their resources include:
- Monthly newsletter with articles and updates on homeschooling
- Annual conference with workshops and speakers on homeschooling topics
- Online community forums for homeschoolers to connect and share resources

Topic 2: Homeschool Legal Defense Association (HSLDA)
HSLDA is a homeschool advocacy organization that provides legal support and resources for homeschoolers across the country. They offer:
- Information on homeschooling laws in each state
- Legal advice and representation for homeschoolers facing legal challenges
- Discounts on educational resources and services for homeschoolers

Topic 3: Georgia Department of Education (GaDOE)
The GaDOE website provides information on homeschooling laws and resources for homeschoolers in Georgia. Some of their resources include:
- Guidelines for homeschooling in Georgia
- List of approved curriculum providers for homeschoolers
- Information on standardized testing options for homeschoolers

Conclusion:
Homeschooling is a rewarding and challenging experience that requires careful planning and consideration. By understanding the benefits and challenges of homeschooling and following the legal requirements and utilizing available resources, parents can provide a successful and fulfilling educational experience for their children.


text: Flats And Houses To Rent In Swindon from Amanda Jones Lettings and Management - Swindon. Amanda Jones is an independent residential letting agent specialising in letting and managing property in and around the Swindon area. With many years experience in the lettings business Amanda Jones offers both tenants and landlords a professional, quality service. If you are a tenant looking to rent a property in Swindon or a landlord thinking of letting out your property call Amanda Jones on 01793 554780 or email us.. Our List of Available Properties. Further information for Landlords. Other properties with Amanda Jones. Buying or Selling?. We are pleased to recommend Ottaways Independent Financial Advisors. Cheaper Utility Bills. Want to save money on your utility bills? Click here to find out how

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Real Estate Agents and Their Role in the Rental Process

Introduction:
Real estate agents play a crucial role in the rental process, connecting landlords and tenants to ensure a smooth transaction. This lesson will explore the role of real estate agents in the rental process, their services, and the benefits they offer to both landlords and tenants.

Section 1: Understanding Real Estate Agents

Topic 1: What is a Real Estate Agent?
A real estate agent is a professional who helps people buy, sell, or rent properties. They act as intermediaries between buyers, sellers, and tenants, facilitating transactions and ensuring that both parties' interests are protected.

Topic 2: Services Offered by Real Estate Agents
Real estate agents offer a range of services to landlords and tenants, including:

- Property listing and advertising
- Tenant screening and selection
- Lease negotiation and drafting
- Property management and maintenance
- Eviction proceedings (if necessary)

Section 2: Benefits of Using a Real Estate Agent

Topic 1: Benefits for Landlords
Using a real estate agent can benefit landlords in several ways, including:

- Access to a larger pool of potential tenants
- Professional tenant screening and selection
- Assistance with lease negotiation and drafting
- Property management and maintenance support
- Protection against legal issues and eviction proceedings

Topic 2: Benefits for Tenants
Real estate agents also offer several benefits to tenants, such as:

- Access to a wider range of rental properties
- Professional assistance with tenant selection and screening
- Support during lease negotiation and drafting
- Help with maintenance and repair issues
- Protection against legal issues and eviction proceedings

Section 3: Finding and Choosing a Real Estate Agent

Topic 1: How to Find a Real Estate Agent
To find a real estate agent, you can:

- Ask for referrals from friends, family, or colleagues
- Search online directories or real estate websites
- Contact local real estate associations or boards

Topic 2: Choosing a Real Estate Agent
When choosing a real estate agent, consider factors such as:

- Experience and expertise in the rental market
- Reputation and track record of success
- Fees and commissions
- Availability and responsiveness
- Personal compatibility and communication style

Conclusion:
Real estate agents play a vital role in the rental process, offering a range of services to both landlords and tenants. By understanding their role and benefits, you can make an informed decision about whether to use a real estate agent and how to choose the right one for your needs.

Glossary:
- Real Estate Agent: A professional who helps people buy, sell, or rent properties, acting as an intermediary between buyers, sellers, and tenants.
- Services: A range of tasks and activities performed by real estate agents, including property listing and advertising, tenant screening and selection, lease negotiation and drafting, property management and maintenance, and eviction proceedings (if necessary).
- Benefits: Advantages or perks associated with using a real estate agent, including access to a larger pool of potential tenants, professional tenant screening and selection, assistance with lease negotiation and drafting, property management and maintenance support, and protection against legal issues and eviction proceedings.


text: WRG Consulting Group (WRG) is an Insurance Brokerage & Consulting Firm with over 35 years of experience located in Bucks County, PA. We provide adaptable, competitive Insurance Plans for individuals, families, and businesses of all sizes.. WRG strives to efficiently provide each of our clients with the utmost attention to detail whether you are an individual or corporate entity.. Your business is important to us. We have created a place where individuals and groups can choose the Insurance Plan(s) that are right for them.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Insurance

## Section 1: What is Insurance?
Insurance is a contract between two parties - the insurer and the insured - where the insurer promises to compensate the insured for any financial losses due to unexpected events such as accidents, thefts, or natural disasters. The insured pays a premium to the insurer in exchange for this protection against potential losses.

## Section 2: Types of Insurance
There are several types of insurance policies available, including:

1. Life Insurance: This policy provides financial protection to the insured's family or dependents in case of their untimely death.
2. Health Insurance: This policy covers medical expenses such as hospitalization, surgeries, and medications.
3. Auto Insurance: This policy provides coverage for damages caused by an insured driver to another person, their property, or their vehicle.
4. Homeowners Insurance: This policy protects homeowners against financial losses due to damage or destruction of their home and its contents.
5. Business Insurance: This policy provides coverage for businesses against various risks such as property damage, liability claims, and employee injuries.

## Section 3: How does Insurance work?
When you purchase an insurance policy, you are essentially buying protection against potential financial losses. You pay a premium to the insurer, which is a fixed amount determined by several factors such as your age, health status, and the type of coverage you need. In return, the insurer promises to cover any financial losses resulting from unexpected events specified in the policy.

## Section 4: Importance of Insurance
Insurance is essential because it helps individuals and businesses manage risks effectively. By spreading the risk across a large pool of insureds, insurers can provide financial protection against unexpected events. This allows individuals and businesses to plan for the future with greater confidence, knowing that they are protected against potential losses.

## Conclusion
In summary, insurance is a contract between two parties where the insurer promises to compensate the insured for any financial losses due to unexpected events. There are several types of insurance policies available, including life, health, auto, homeowners, and business insurance. When you purchase an insurance policy, you are essentially buying protection against potential financial losses. Insurance is essential because it helps individuals and businesses manage risks effectively. By spreading the risk across a large pool of insureds, insurers can provide financial protection against unexpected events.

Glossary:
- Insurer: The company that provides the insurance policy.
- Insured: The person or entity that purchases the insurance policy.
- Premium: The fixed amount paid by the insured to the insurer for the insurance policy.
- Coverage: The amount of financial protection provided by the insurance policy.
- Policy: The legal document outlining the terms and conditions of the insurance agreement.


text: Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn (DNB00). RHIWALLON ap CYNFYN (d. 1069), Welsh prince, was the son of Cynfyn ap Gwerstan, and on the downfall of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn in 1063 received (with his brother Bleddyn) North Wales on condition of faithfully serving Edward the Confessor ‘everywhere by water and by land.’ As the son of Angharad, daughter of Maredudd ab Owain ap Hywel Dda, he was Gruffydd's half-brother. In August 1067 he and Bleddyn joined Eadric the Wild in an attack upon Herefordshire, which was part of the general resistance to the Conqueror. In 1069 (or 1070?) the two fought the battle of Mechain with Maredudd and Idwal, sons of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn. Though they were victorious, Rhiwallon fell, leaving Bleddyn sole prince of North Wales. His daughter Nest married Rhys ap Tewdwr, and was mother of Nest [q. v.], the mistress of Henry I (Brut y Tywysogion, ed. Rhys and Evans, p. 281).[Annales Cambriæ; Anglo-Saxon Chronicle; Florence of Worcester; Freeman's Norman Conquest, iv. 110, 183.]

textbook:
Lesson: Welsh Princes and the Norman Conquest

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the Welsh princes who ruled their lands during the Norman Conquest of England. We will focus on Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn, who played a significant role in the resistance against the Normans.

Section 1: Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn
Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn was a Welsh prince who lived during the 11th century. He was the son of Cynfyn ap Gwerstan and Angharad, daughter of Maredudd ab Owain ap Hywel Dda. Rhiwallon was half-brother to Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, who was the last native Welsh ruler of all Wales.

Section 2: Resistance Against the Normans
After the death of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn in 1063, Rhiwallon and his brother Bleddyn received North Wales on condition of faithfully serving Edward the Confessor “everywhere by water and by land.” In 1067, Rhiwallon and Bleddyn joined Eadric the Wild in an attack upon Herefordshire, which was part of the general resistance to the Conqueror.

Section 3: Battle of Mechain
In 1069 (or 1070?), Rhiwallon fought the battle of Mechain with Maredudd and Idwal, sons of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn. Though they were victorious, Rhiwallon fell, leaving Bleddyn as the sole prince of North Wales.

Section 4: Conclusion
Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn played an essential role in the resistance against the Normans during the Norman Conquest of England. His legacy lives on as a symbol of Welsh pride and determination in the face of foreign invasion. By studying the history of figures like Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn, we can better understand the complexities of the relationship between Wales and England throughout history.

Glossary:
- Norman Conquest: The conquest of England by William the Conqueror in 1066
- Edward the Confessor: King of England from 1042 to 1066
- Eadric the Wild: A Saxon nobleman who fought against the Normans during the Norman Conquest
- Maredudd ab Owain ap Hywel Dda: Welsh king who ruled Deheubarth in the early 11th century
- Gruffydd ap Llywelyn: Last native Welsh ruler of all Wales

Glossary:
- Norman Conquest: The conquest of England by William the Conqueror in 1066
- Edward the Confessor: King of England from 1042 to 1066
- Eadric the Wild: A Saxon nobleman who fought against the Normans during the Norman Conquest
- Maredudd ab Owain ap Hywel Dda: Welsh king who ruled Deheubarth in the early 11th century
- Gruffydd ap Llywelyn: Last native Welsh ruler of all Wales

Conclusion:
By studying the history of figures like Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn, we can better understand the complexities of the relationship between Wales and England throughout history. The Welsh princes played an essential role in resisting the Norman Conquest, and their legacy continues to inspire pride and determination in the face of adversity.


text: Visit the USD News Center to find out how USD Test Preparation supports Cal-SOAP and the community.. Outside, it's another brightly sunny and warm summer day in San Diego. It's Saturday mid-morning and for many high school-age students, this is a time to relax, sleep in or spend time with friends and family.. Inside, though, for 100 high school juniors, this day also has prime significance. They’ve filled three classrooms at the University of San Diego to work on academic improvement, to solve math problems and seizing an opportunity to sharpen their skills for a test that could make a viable impact on their future.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Prepare for Standardized Tests

Introduction:
Standardized tests are an essential part of the education system. They help measure a student's progress, determine their eligibility for higher education, and evaluate the effectiveness of educational programs. However, preparing for these tests can be challenging, especially for high school students who face a lot of pressure to perform well. In this lesson, we will learn how to prepare for standardized tests by focusing on the steps involved in test preparation, the importance of practice, and the strategies to approach different types of questions.

Section 1: Understanding the Test
The first step in preparing for a standardized test is to understand its format, structure, and content. Most tests consist of multiple-choice questions, essays, or a combination of both. It is crucial to know the specific type of questions you will encounter and the topics they will cover. You can find this information by researching the test or asking your teacher.

Questions:
- What is the format of the test?
- What topics will be covered?
- How long is the test?

Section 2: Creating a Study Plan
Once you understand the test, you can create a study plan that fits your needs. A study plan should include a timeline, goals, and strategies to achieve those goals. It is essential to start early and dedicate regular time to studying. A good rule of thumb is to study for 15-30 minutes per day, depending on the test's complexity.

Questions:
- When should I start studying?
- How much time should I dedicate to studying each day?
- What strategies should I use to study effectively?

Section 3: Practicing Test-Taking Strategies
Practicing test-taking strategies is crucial to improve your performance. These strategies include managing time effectively, eliminating incorrect answer choices, and approaching questions methodically. You can practice these strategies by taking practice tests or working through sample questions.

Questions:
- How can I manage my time effectively during the test?
- How can I eliminate incorrect answer choices?
- What is the best approach to answering multiple-choice questions?

Section 4: Taking Practice Tests
Taking practice tests is an essential part of test preparation. Practice tests simulate the actual test experience and help you identify areas where you need improvement. You can find practice tests online, through your school, or by purchasing test prep books.

Questions:
- Where can I find practice tests?
- How can I use practice tests to improve my performance?
- Should I take practice tests under timed conditions?

Section 5: Staying Motivated and Reducing Stress
Preparing for a standardized test can be stressful, but it is essential to stay motivated and focused. Remember that the test is just one aspect of your academic journey, and it does not define your worth or potential. To reduce stress, practice self-care, seek support from friends and family, and remember to take breaks when needed.

Questions:
- How can I stay motivated during test preparation?
- What can I do to reduce stress?
- Who can I turn to for support?

Conclusion:
In conclusion, preparing for a standardized test takes time, effort, and dedication. By understanding the test, creating a study plan, practicing test-taking strategies, and staying motivated, you can improve your performance and feel confident on test day. Remember that the most significant factor in test preparation is to believe in yourself and your abilities. With hard work and determination, you can achieve success.

Glossary:
- Test: A standardized exam used to measure a student's knowledge or ability in a particular subject.
- Format: The structure or layout of a test, including the type of questions, number of questions, and time limit.
- Content: The topics or subjects covered in a test.
- Study plan: A schedule that outlines when and how you will study for a test.
- Strategies: Techniques or methods used to improve test performance.
- Practice tests: Simulated tests that help you become familiar with the test format and improve your test-taking skills.


text: Happy New Year!. Some years I make New Year's resolutions and sometimes I don't--usually because it takes too much effort to think them through. This year the work has been done for me. I found a list of Woodie Guthries' New Year's Resolutions for 1942 and I think that I've found a pretty good list to work from. He covers every topic from "Take bath" to "Stay glad" and they are all (almost all) things that would be good for me to do. I'm going to start simple and work up to the whole list. Today I am going to change my socks (#11).. Hat Tip: boingboing via Science of Heroes. ____________________________________________________________________________________. But Wait, There's More!. What song is Woodie Guthrie best know for?. This Land is Your Land

textbook:
Lesson:
Introduction
This lesson is about setting goals and achieving them. We will learn about the importance of goal-setting and how it can help us achieve our dreams and aspirations. We will also explore different types of goals and how to set achievable goals.
Main Topics
1. Importance of Goal-Setting
2. Types of Goals
3. How to Set Achievable Goals
4. Tips for Achieving Your Goals
5. Examples of Goal-Setting
Conclusion
In conclusion, goal-setting is an essential tool for achieving success in life. By setting specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals, we can focus our efforts and energy towards achieving our dreams and aspirations. Remember to break down your goals into smaller, achievable steps, and celebrate your progress along the way. With determination and perseverance, you can achieve anything you set your mind to.
Glossary
Goal: A desired outcome or result that a person or organization strives to achieve.
SMART Goals: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound goals.
Perseverance: The ability to persist in the face of challenges or difficulties.
Determination: The quality of being resolved or resolute; firmness of purpose.
Examples of Goal-Setting
Example 1: If you want to lose weight, your goal could be to lose 10 pounds in two months.
Example 2: If you want to improve your math skills, your goal could be to score an 80% on your next math test.
Example 3: If you want to start a business, your goal could be to launch your business by the end of the year.
Tips for Achieving Your Goals
1. Break down your goals into smaller, achievable steps.
2. Focus on one goal at a time.
3. Celebrate your progress along the way.
4. Stay motivated and committed to your goals.
5. Seek support and advice from others.
Exercises
1. Think of a goal you want to achieve. Write it down in SMART goal format.
2. Choose a goal from the examples provided and write down the steps you need to take to achieve it.
3. Reflect on a goal you have achieved in the past. What strategies did you use to achieve it?