text: Dippy, the 84ft long Diplodocus skeleton cast that’s stood inside the London Natural History Museum’s Hintze Hall since 1979, is set to embark on a two-year tour of the UK beginning in 2018.. The much-loved sculpture is set to be replaced by a blue whale skeleton -- a real one made of actual bones -- but the sauropod has no retirement plans yet. After years spent welcoming visitors to the Natural History Museum, Dippy’s been given a new mission -- to get more people around the country interested in museums.. It’ll get parents all muddled up about the differences between the diplodocus, apatosaurus and brontosaurus at the following locations:. -. The Natural History Museum has published a ‘This Is Your Life’ post in honour of Dippy, the cast of a long-extinct animal, here. [BBC]. Image: Shayne Kaye via Flickr. shares

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Natural History

## Section 1: What is Natural History?
Natural history is the study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment. It involves observing, recording, and analyzing data about plants, animals, fungi, and other physical aspects of the natural world.

## Section 2: Why Study Natural History?
Studying natural history helps us understand the world around us. By learning about the characteristics and behaviors of different organisms, we can better appreciate the complexity and beauty of our planet. Additionally, understanding how species interact with each other and their environment can help us make informed decisions about conservation and environmental management.

## Section 3: How do we Study Natural History?
There are many ways to study natural history. Some common methods include observation, collection, and analysis of data. Scientists may also use tools such as microscopes or cameras to get a closer look at specimens. Additionally, they may use computer models or simulations to test hypotheses about how organisms behave or evolve.

## Section 4: Examples of Natural History Studies
One famous example of natural history research is Charles Darwin's study of the Galapagos Islands. He observed the differences between species of finches on different islands and concluded that they had evolved from a common ancestor. Another example is the study of the extinction of dinosaurs, which has led to important discoveries about the Earth's history and the causes of mass extinctions.

## Conclusion:
By studying natural history, we can gain a deeper understanding of the world around us. This knowledge can help us make informed decisions about how to protect and preserve our planet for future generations. Whether you're interested in the behavior of animals or the evolution of species, there's something fascinating to learn about natural history.

Glossary:
- Natural history: The study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment.
- Observation: The act of carefully watching and recording data about organisms and their behaviors.
- Collection: The process of gathering specimens or data for further analysis.
- Analysis: The process of examining data to draw conclusions or identify patterns.
- Hypothesis: A tentative explanation or prediction based on observations and analysis.
- Conservation: The effort to protect and preserve natural resources and habitats.
- Environmental management: The process of making decisions that minimize negative impacts on the environment.


text: From The Horse’s MouthTuesday 12 April 2011. ‘Capital.. Or, as David Icke put it in last week’s newsletter …. ‘The Left v Right political ‘spectrum’ has been constructed to divide and rule the people while the same network controls and funds both ‘sides’ and so dictates the political agendas and their direction. George Galloway is every bit a pawn as, say, Margaret Thatcher, John McCain or Sarah Palin. They are simply called Left and Right, red or blue, in the same way that pawns in a chess game are different colours, but the same pawns with the same worth.’

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Political Spectrum

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the political spectrum and how it is used to divide and control society. We will also explore the concept of controlled opposition and how it is used to manipulate public opinion.

Section 1: What is the Political Spectrum?

The political spectrum is a way of categorizing political ideologies and beliefs based on their position on certain issues. It ranges from left to right, with liberalism on the left and conservatism on the right.

Questions and Answers:
- What does it mean to be liberal or conservative?
- How do these ideologies differ from one another?

Section 2: Controlled Opposition

Controlled opposition is a term used to describe a situation where a group or individual is pretending to oppose something, but is actually working for the same side. This is often done to confuse and divide the public, making it harder for them to organize and resist.

Questions and Answers:
- How does controlled opposition work?
- Why would someone want to create a false opposition?

Section 3: Examples of Controlled Opposition

One example of controlled opposition can be seen in the US presidential elections. Both major parties, Democrats and Republicans, are funded by the same corporations and serve the same interests. This makes it difficult for the public to choose between two candidates who are essentially the same.

Questions and Answers:
- Can you think of any other examples of controlled opposition?
- How does this affect society?

Conclusion:
Understanding the political spectrum and controlled opposition is an important part of critical thinking and being able to see through manipulation. By learning about these concepts, we can better understand how society is controlled and how to resist it.

Glossary:
- Political Spectrum: A way of categorizing political ideologies and beliefs based on their position on certain issues.
- Controlled Opposition: When a group or individual pretends to oppose something but is actually working for the same side.

[1] Image of a chess board with pawns in different colors.
[2] Formula for calculating the worth of a pawn in chess.

[3] Table showing the differences between liberalism and conservatism.
[4] Chart illustrating the funding sources for both major US political parties.


text: Today we hade tech day. My favorite activity was robotics where we created lego robots that then played hockey Otto and mine got the most points for our team. the robot that we built looked like a beetle so we call our robot “The Beetle”. then we improved it and called it “The Beetle 2.0”. It was a fun day

textbook:
Lesson: Robotics and Coding

Introduction:
Robotics and coding are two exciting fields that involve creating machines that can perform tasks automatically. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of robotics and coding, and learn how they work together to create amazing machines.

Section 1: What is Robotics?
Robotics is the study of robots and how they work. A robot is a machine that can perform tasks automatically, usually by following a set of instructions or a program. Robots are used in many different industries, from manufacturing to healthcare, and they are becoming more and more advanced every day.

Section 2: What is Coding?
Coding is the process of writing instructions for a computer or machine to follow. These instructions tell the machine what to do, when to do it, and how to do it. Coding is used in many different fields, including software development, web design, and data analysis.

Section 3: How do Robotics and Coding Work Together?
Robotics and coding work together to create machines that can perform tasks automatically. When you code a robot, you are giving it instructions on what to do and how to do it. These instructions are usually written in a programming language, which is a type of computer code that allows you to give instructions to a computer.

Section 4: Practical Examples
Let's look at an example of how robotics and coding work together. Imagine you want to create a robot that can pick up objects. You would first design the robot and decide what kind of sensors and motors it needs to be able to pick up different types of objects. Then, you would write a program that tells the robot how to pick up each type of object. The program would include instructions on how to approach the object, how much force to use, and how to move the robot's arms and grippers.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have learned about the basics of robotics and coding, and how they work together to create amazing machines. By combining these two fields, we can create machines that can perform tasks automatically, making our lives easier and more efficient. Whether you want to build a robot that can play hockey or one that can pick up objects, understanding the basics of robotics and coding is essential.


text: "A college degree pays off--but by just how much? In this report,." - The College Payoff. According to an article on today's US News Website, "those with bachelor's degrees, no matter the field, earn vastly more than counterparts with some college or a high school diploma, indicating that no matter the level of attainment or the field of study, simply earning a four-year degree is often integral to financial success later in life.". "Those with a college degree will earn about $1 million more than those with only a high school diploma.  information contained in this article comes from a report entitled The College Payoff, by Georgetown University's Center for Education and the Workforce.. August 05, 2011 By aplusadmin

textbook:
Lesson: The Value of a College Degree

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the value of a college degree in terms of its impact on earnings and financial success. We will examine data from a report by Georgetown University's Center for Education and the Workforce, which shows that individuals with a college degree earn significantly more than those with only a high school diploma.

Section 1: Understanding the Data

The report titled "The College Payoff" provides insight into the earnings difference between individuals with a college degree and those without. According to the report, individuals with a bachelor's degree earn an average of $1 million more than those with only a high school diploma over their lifetimes.

Question: How does the earnings gap between individuals with a college degree and those without change over time?

Answer: The earnings gap between individuals with a college degree and those without increases as they age. This is because individuals with a college degree tend to progress up the career ladder, earning more responsibilities and higher salaries, while those without a college degree may face wage stagnation or even decline.

Section 2: Exploring the Impact of Field of Study

While the report indicates that a college degree, regardless of field, leads to higher earnings, there are significant differences in earnings based on the specific field of study. For example, individuals with a degree in engineering or computer science may earn significantly more than those with a degree in the humanities.

Question: How do employers view different fields of study when considering job candidates?

Answer: Employers may view certain fields of study as more valuable or relevant to their business needs. For example, a technology company may place a higher value on computer science graduates than on art history graduates, as they may see a greater need for technical expertise.

Section 3: The Importance of Critical Thinking Skills

While a college degree can lead to higher earnings, it is also important to develop critical thinking skills during one's academic journey. These skills are valuable in both the workplace and in personal life, as they allow individuals to analyze information, make informed decisions, and solve complex problems.

Question: How can individuals develop critical thinking skills?

Answer: Individuals can develop critical thinking skills through a variety of activities, including reading, writing, discussing ideas with others, and engaging in debates or arguments. It is also important to challenge one's own beliefs and assumptions, as well as those of others, in order to think critically and objectively.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the value of a college degree is significant, as it can lead to higher earnings and financial success over one's lifetime. However, it is also important to develop critical thinking skills during one's academic journey, as these skills are valuable in both the workplace and in personal life. By understanding the data behind the earnings gap between individuals with and without a college degree, as well as exploring the impact of field of study and the importance of critical thinking skills, individuals can make informed decisions about their academic and career paths.

Glossary:
- Bachelor's degree: A four-year undergraduate degree awarded by universities and colleges.
- High school diploma: A document awarded to students who complete high school.
- Georgetown University's Center for Education and the Workforce: A research center that studies the relationship between education and workforce.
- The College Payoff: A report published by Georgetown University's Center for Education and the Workforce.


text:
Voyager 2 image of Triton showing the south polar region with dark streaks produced by geysers visible on the icy surface.

Astronomers using the Gemini Observatory explore Neptune's largest moon Triton and observe, for the first time beyond the lab, an extraordinary union between carbon monoxide and nitrogen ices. The discovery offers insights into how this volatile mixture can transport material across the moon's surface via geysers, trigger seasonal atmospheric changes, and provide a context for conditions on other distant, icy worlds.

In the laboratory, an international team of scientists have pinpointed a very specific wavelength of infrared light absorbed when carbon monoxide and nitrogen molecules join together and vibrate in unison. Individually, carbon monoxide and nitrogen ices each absorb their own distinct wavelengths of infrared light, but the tandem vibration of an ice mixture absorbs at an additional, distinct wavelength identified in this study.

Using the 8-meter Gemini South Telescope in Chile, the team have recorded this same unique infrared signature on Triton. Key to the discovery was the high-resolution spectrograph called IGRINS (Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrometer) which was built as a collaboration between the University of Texas at Austin and the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI). Both the Gemini Observatory and IGRINS receive funding from the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and KASI.

"While the icy spectral fingerprint we uncovered was entirely reasonable, especially as this combination of ices can be created in the lab, pinpointing this specific wavelength of infrared light on another world is unprecedented," said Stephen C. Tegler of Northern Arizona University's Astrophysical Materials Laboratory who led the international study. The research results have been accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal.

In the Earth's atmosphere carbon monoxide and nitrogen molecules exist as gases, not ices. In fact, molecular nitrogen is the dominant gas in the air we breath, and carbon monoxide is a rare contaminant that can be lethal.

On distant Triton, however, carbon monoxide and nitrogen freeze as solid ices. They can form their own independent ices, or can condense together in the icy mix detected in the Gemini data. This icy mix could be involved in Triton's iconic geysers first seen in Voyager 2 spacecraft images as dark, windblown streaks on the surface of the distant, icy moon.

The Voyager 2 spacecraft first captured Triton's geysers in action in the moon's south polar region back in 1989. Since then, theories have focused on an internal ocean as one possible source of erupted material. Or, the the geysers may erupt when the summertime Sun heats this thin layer of volatile ice on Triton's surface, potentially involving the mixed carbon monoxide and nitrogen ice revealed by the Gemini observation. That ice mixture could also migrate around the surface of Triton in response to seasonally varying patterns of sunlight.

"Despite Triton's distance from the Sun and the cold temperatures, the weak sunlight is enough to drive strong seasonal changes on Triton's surface and atmosphere," adds Henry Roe, Deputy Director of Gemini and a member of the research team. "This work demonstrates the power of combining laboratory studies with telescope observations to understand complex planetary processes in alien environments so different from what we encounter every day here on Earth."

Seasons progress slowly on Triton, as Neptune takes 165-Earth years to orbit the Sun. A season on Triton lasts a little over 40 years; Triton passed its southern summer solstice mark in 2000, leaving about 20 more years to conduct further research before its autumn begins.

Looking ahead, the researchers expect that these findings will shed light on the composition of ices and seasonal variations in the atmosphere on other distant worlds beyond Neptune. Astronomers have suspected that the mixing of carbon monoxide and nitrogen ice exists not only on Triton, but also on Pluto, where the New Horizons spacecraft found the two ices coexisting. This Gemini finding is the first direct spectroscopic evidence of these ices mixing and absorbing this type of light on either world.

Background:

Triton orbits Neptune, the eighth planet from the Sun, some 2.7 billion miles from Earth -- at the cold outer fringe of our Solar System's major planet zone. It is the only large moon in the Solar System that orbits "backwards" or in the opposite direction to its planet's rotation. The peculiar motion suggests that Triton is a captured trans-Neptunian object from the Kuiper Belt -- a region of leftovers from the Solar System's early history, which is why it shares several features with the dwarf planet Pluto and Eris: size (roughly two-thirds that of our Moon), and surface temperatures that hover near absolute zero; so low that common compounds we know as gases on Earth freeze into ices.

Triton's atmosphere is also 70,000 times less dense than Earth's and is composed of nitrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide. Its surface appears to consist of two different terrains, one composed by the volatile ices and the second one formed by water and carbon dioxide ices.

Molecular nitrogen is thought to have been the most common type of nitrogen available when the Solar System was forming. Its abundance in the outer Solar System is an important key to life's origins, as it is an important part of the building blocks of life.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Exploring Triton's Icy Surface with Infrared Light

Introduction:

Triton is the largest moon of Neptune and is located about 2.5 million kilometers away from its parent planet. It has an icy surface and an atmosphere that is composed mainly of nitrogen, which makes it an interesting target for astronomers who want to learn more about the icy bodies in our solar system. In this lesson, we will explore how astronomers use infrared light to study the composition of Triton's icy surface.

Core Value:

The core value of this lesson is that astronomers can use infrared light to study the composition of icy surfaces on distant planets and moons. This technique allows us to learn more about the chemical makeup of these celestial bodies and how they interact with their environment.

Lesson Outline:

I. Introduction
- What is Triton?
- Why is it interesting to astronomers?
- How do they study its icy surface?

II. The Role of Infrared Light in Astronomy
- What is infrared light?
- How does it help astronomers study the universe?
- Why is it useful for studying icy surfaces?

III. Observing Triton with Infrared Light
- How do astronomers observe Triton?
- What equipment do they use?
- What do they look for?

IV. Discovering Carbon Monoxide and Nitrogen Ices on Triton
- What did astronomers find on Triton?
- How did they make this discovery?
- What does this tell us about the moon's surface?

V. Applying this Knowledge to Other Icy Worlds
- Are there other icy worlds like Triton?
- How can we use what we learned from Triton to study them?
- What are some potential applications of this knowledge?

VI. Conclusion
- Summarize the main points of the lesson
- Encourage students to think critically about the implications of this research
- Invite further exploration of the topic

Glossary:
- Infrared light: A type of electromagnetic radiation that is just beyond the range of visible light, with longer wavelengths and lower frequencies than visible light.
- Spectroscopy: The study of how matter interacts with and absorbs different types of electromagnetic radiation.
- Absorb: When a substance absorbs radiation, it takes in energy and changes its properties.

Conclusion:

By studying Triton's icy surface with infrared light, astronomers have discovered a new way to understand how carbon monoxide and nitrogen ices interact on other icy worlds. This knowledge can help us better understand the composition of these distant bodies and how they change over time. As we continue to explore our solar system and beyond, the insights gained from this research will be invaluable in helping us learn more about the incredible variety of worlds that exist within it.


text:
The International Olympic Committee will name a "neutral expert" recommended by luge, bobsleigh and skeleton officials next week to review the safety of the ice track for the 2014 Winter Olympics at the Black Sea resort of Sochi, Russia.

Sochi Games chief Dmitry Chernyshenko predicted the course would be "10 to 15 kilometres less fast [than at Whistler, B.C.]" where Georgian luge athlete Nodar Kumaritashvili died in a training crash just before the Feb. 12 Vancouver Olympics' opening ceremony.

Reduced speeds are dictated in a report on the accident by the International Luge Federation, known by French acronym FIL. Top speeds at Sochi are expected to be less than 140 km/h, compared to the blazing 154 km/h clocked at the Whistler track for the luge competition. The Whistler track, designed for luge speeds of about 138 km/h, came under criticism after the crash that killed the 21-year-old Georgian.

"This was not a direction the FIL would like to see the sport head," the report said of the excess speed. "President [Josef]Fendt wrote a letter to the Sochi 2014 organizing committee … stating that the FIL will not homologize [approve]the proposed Sochi track if the speeds were to exceed 130-135 km/h," the report said.

"Safety should be the key factor. There should be no compromise," Russian deputy prime minister Dmitry Kozak said.

Designs for the Sochi course were drawn up by veteran German engineer Udo Gurgel, who also created the Whistler course. It will have at least two uphill segments which will help slow sleds.

Sochi organizers will run three-dimensional simulations on all potential scenarios to make sure a similar incident is avoided, Kozak said.

The Georgian athlete was travelling at an estimated 144 km/h when he lost control of his sled and slammed into a metal support standard.

"Following what happened in Vancouver, we have tried to understand with the [international federations]how they could verify all the calculations of the engineers," said Gilbert Felli, IOC executive director for the Games. Felli said that the "field of play" in all Olympic sports are the responsibility of the international federations.

Fendt has called for incorporating appropriate safety measures for luge riders. Fendt said that he was one of many concerned about the track's safety after an international training week there in November of 2008. The concerns were also outlined in the FIL report: "Due to speeds being faster than originally calculated by the design firm, the FIL asked for additional training days," so athletes could progressively get used to the speed at Whistler. They were mandated to take three runs from the novice start, two from the junior start and one from the women's start before trying the full course.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Speed and Acceleration in Luge and Bobsleigh

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about speed and acceleration in luge and bobsleigh sports. We will cover the following topics:

1. What is luge and bobsleigh?
2. How do athletes reach high speeds in these sports?
3. What factors affect speed and acceleration?
4. How do experts ensure safety in these sports?

Section 1: What is luge and bobsleigh?
Luge and bobsleigh are winter sports where athletes race down an ice track at high speeds. In luge, athletes lie face down on a sled and steer it using their feet and body movements. In bobsleigh, athletes ride in a sled with a driver and up to three other team members.

Section 2: How do athletes reach high speeds in these sports?
Athletes reach high speeds in luge and bobsleigh by going down an ice track that is designed to allow them to gain speed. The ice is banked, or angled, so that athletes can slide safely around turns without losing control. The longer the track, the faster the athletes can go.

Section 3: What factors affect speed and acceleration?
Speed and acceleration in luge and bobsleigh are affected by several factors, including:

1. Gravity: This force pulls the sled downward, giving it speed.
2. Friction: This force opposes motion and can slow down the sled if it is not designed properly.
3. Air resistance: This force acts opposite to the direction of motion and can slow down the sled if it is not streamlined.
4. Track design: The length, banking angle, and surface of the ice track all affect how fast athletes can go.

Section 4: How do experts ensure safety in these sports?
Experts ensure safety in luge and bobsleigh by carefully designing the ice tracks to minimize risks. They also use technology such as helmets, padding, and safety harnesses to protect athletes in case of accidents. Additionally, officials closely monitor weather conditions and track conditions to ensure that they are safe for racing.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about speed and acceleration in luge and bobsleigh sports. We discovered that these athletes reach high speeds by going down an ice track that is designed to allow them to gain speed. We also learned that experts ensure safety by carefully designing the ice tracks and using technology to protect athletes. By understanding these factors, we can appreciate the skill and expertise required to compete in these exciting winter sports.


text:
[Primary orbital squamous cell carcinoma].
Primary orbital squamous cell carcinoma is a rare entity. There is little published literature. We report a case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the orbital soft tissues. Surgical resection offered the best treatment for the patient. Complete resection of the lesion was achieved. The patient received adjuvant radiotherapy due to the proximity of the lesion to the surgical margins. Surgical treatment is feasible and should be considered as part of the surgeon's arsenal. However, therapeutic decisions must be made on a case-by-case basis.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Cancer

## Section 1: What is cancer?
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. It can occur in any part of the body, including the eyes. In this lesson, we will learn about primary orbital squamous cell carcinoma, a rare type of cancer that affects the soft tissues around the eye.

## Section 2: What causes primary orbital squamous cell carcinoma?
The exact cause of primary orbital squamous cell carcinoma is not known. However, some factors may increase the risk of developing this type of cancer, such as exposure to ultraviolet radiation (e.g., sunlight), certain genetic mutations, and a weakened immune system.

## Section 3: How is primary orbital squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed?
Primary orbital squamous cell carcinoma can be difficult to diagnose because it is a rare disease. Doctors use various methods to diagnose this type of cancer, including imaging tests (e.g., MRI or CT scans), biopsies (taking a small sample of tissue to examine under a microscope), and blood tests.

## Section 4: How is primary orbital squamous cell carcinoma treated?
Treatment options for primary orbital squamous cell carcinoma depend on the stage of the cancer and the patient's overall health. Surgery is often the most effective treatment, as it involves removing the tumor and surrounding tissue. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy may also be used to kill cancer cells or slow their growth.

## Section 5: What are the risks and benefits of each treatment option?
Each treatment option for primary orbital squamous cell carcinoma has its own risks and benefits. Surgery can remove the tumor effectively but may cause scarring or damage to nearby structures. Radiation therapy can kill cancer cells but may also damage healthy tissue and increase the risk of secondary cancers later in life. Chemotherapy can slow cancer growth but may cause side effects such as nausea, hair loss, and fatigue.

## Section 6: What is the prognosis for patients with primary orbital squamous cell carcinoma?
The prognosis for patients with primary orbital squamous cell carcinoma depends on several factors, including the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and the effectiveness of the treatment. While some patients may be cured with treatment, others may experience a recurrence of the cancer or develop complications from treatment.

## Conclusion:
In conclusion, primary orbital squamous cell carcinoma is a rare and challenging disease to treat. However, with advances in medical technology and research, doctors are better equipped than ever to diagnose and treat this type of cancer. By understanding the risks and benefits of each treatment option, patients and their doctors can make informed decisions about the best course of action.


text:
[Application of elastic intramedullary nail in treating bilateral femoral shaft fractures in children].
To explore the curative effects and complications of elastic intramedullary nail in treating children's bilateral femoral shaft fractures. Form February 2005 to March 2008, 7 patients with bilateral femoral shaft fractures were treated by closed reduction and internal fixation with elastic intramedullary nail. There were 5 males and 2 females. The age ranged from 3 to 13 years with the mean of 8.3 years. Six injuries caused by road accident and 1 injury caused by fall from high. Two cases associated with pulmonary contusion, 3 cases brain injuries, 1 case fracture of calcaneus and 1 case bladder injuries. All the cases were closed fractures without nerve and blood vessel injury. A cast external fixation had been used after operation for a month in two cases. All the patients were followed up for 21-37 months with an average of 30.3 months. No infecton of incisional wound, displacement fracture, internal fixation fail, delayedunion and malunion were found. All fracture obtained healing for 7-12 weeks with an average of 8.7 weeks. Inequality of lower limb was found in 1 case (length differences was 5 mm). According to Flynn scoring,all fractures were excellent. Treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children with elastic intramedullary nail according with biological principle. The method has little trauma, less complication, outstanding effect and it is a good way to treat bilateral femoral shaft fractures result from high-energy injuries.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Elastic Intramedullary Nails

### Overview
In this lesson, we will learn about elastic intramedullary nails, which are medical devices used to treat fractures in the femoral shaft of children. We will explore their application, benefits, and potential complications.

### Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
- Define what elastic intramedullary nails are
- Understand the application of elastic intramedullary nails in treating bilateral femoral shaft fractures in children
- Identify the benefits and potential complications of using elastic intramedullary nails
- Apply your knowledge to new problems related to fracture treatment

### Section 1: What are Elastic Intramedullary Nails?
Elastic intramedullary nails are medical devices that are used to treat fractures in the femoral shaft of children. They are made of a strong, lightweight material that is designed to flex and bend as the child grows. This flexibility allows the nail to adapt to the changing shape of the bone as it heals, reducing the risk of complications such as malunion or nonunion.

### Section 2: Application of Elastic Intramedullary Nails
Elastic intramedullary nails are commonly used to treat femoral shaft fractures in children. These fractures can occur in a variety of situations, such as car accidents, falls from high places, or sports injuries. The goal of treating these fractures is to align the bone and promote healing while minimizing the risk of complications.

### Section 3: Benefits of Elastic Intramedullary Nails
There are several benefits to using elastic intramedullary nails to treat femoral shaft fractures in children. Some of these benefits include:

- Flexibility: The elastic nature of the nail allows it to adapt to the changing shape of the bone as it heals, reducing the risk of complications such as malunion or nonunion.
- Strength: Elastic intramedullary nails are made of a strong, lightweight material that provides stability to the fractured bone while allowing for normal growth and development.
- Minimally invasive: The use of elastic intramedullary nails often requires fewer surgical incisions than other methods of fracture repair, resulting in less pain and scarring for the child.

### Section 4: Potential Complications
While elastic intramedullary nails are generally safe and effective, there are potential complications associated with their use. Some of these complications include:

- Infection: As with any surgical procedure, there is a risk of infection at the site of the incision. However, this risk can be minimized by following proper sterilization and antibiotic protocols.
- Displacement: Although elastic intramedullary nails are designed to be flexible, there is a small risk that the nail could become displaced during the healing process. This risk can be minimized by carefully selecting the appropriate size and length of the nail.
- Malunion or nonunion: Although elastic intramedullary nails are designed to promote healing, there is still a small risk that the fracture could heal in an abnormal position or fail to heal at all. This risk can be minimized by carefully monitoring the healing process and making any necessary adjustments to the nail or casting.

### Section 5: Conclusion
In this lesson, we have learned about elastic intramedullary nails, their application in treating femoral shaft fractures in children, and their benefits and potential complications. By understanding these concepts, we can apply our knowledge to new problems related to fracture treatment.


text:
Thirty years on, Ukraine remembers Chernobyl catastrophe

April 26, 2016 6:07 pm

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Candles set in the shape of a radiation hazard symbol are seen on a square next to the monument to Chernobyl victims in Slavutych on the 30th anniversary of the nuclear power plant disaster which has killed thousands and permanently poisoned swathes of eastern Europe – AFP/Getty

By AGENCE FRANCE PRESSE, CHERNOBYL, Ukraine, Apr 26 – Ukrainians held candlelit vigils Tuesday to mark 30 years since the world’s worst nuclear accident at Chernobyl spewed radiation across Europe and left several thousand people dead or dying.

Church bells rang and mourners laid flowers at Chernobyl’s memorial square as the clock turned 1:23 am — the moment when the plant’s reactor number four exploded and changed the fate of a generation living across the former Soviet Union.

Overview

A controversial UN report published in 2005 estimated that "up to 4,000" could eventually perish from the invisible poison in Ukraine and neighbouring Russia and Belarus.

The Greenpeace environmental group the next year issued its own study estimating that 100,000 had already lost their lives.

The Chernobyl's explosion prompted a strong shift in public opinion against nuclear power.

“There was crying and screaming,” local pensioner Maria Urupa told AFP as she recalled the terror that struck locals as they watched poisonous clouds of radiation waft in from Chernobyl.

At least 30 people were killed on site and several thousand more are feared to have died from radiation fallout in what Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko said “appears to have been the world’s largest man-made catastrophe”.

The exact number of dead remains a subject of intense debate because the Soviet authorities kept most of the information about the disaster under wraps.

More than 200 tonnes of uranium remain inside the crippled reactor that spattered radiation across three quarters of Europe after a botched safety test.

Lingering fears of new leaks occurring should the ageing concrete structure covering the toxins collapse have prompted a global push to fund the construction of a giant new arch that could keep the site safe for at least a century.

“We are deeply grateful to the whole international community,” Poroshenko said after laying flowers before the memorial plaques honouring those who died trying to contain the damage.

“In a certain sense, Chernobyl accelerated the (1991) collapse of the Soviet Union, helping opposition and anti-imperialist movements to emerge in Ukraine and bringing our independence a step closer,” the pro-Western leader said.

“At the same time, it created powerful fears of nuclear energy and anti-nuclear sentiments,” he added.

‘They told us nothing’

The plant’s reactor exploded on April 26 and burned for 10 days in a disaster that horrified the world but which locals only heard about through rumours and tidbits from jammed Western radio broadcasts.

The Communist Party kept to its steadfast tradition of saying nothing or even lying in order to keep the public from learning of a tragedy that could tarnish the image of the Cold War-era superpower.

And it took them a day-and-a-half to evacuate the 48,000 inhabitants from the nearby town of Pripyat.

International suspicions were only raised on April 28 after Sweden detected an unexplained rise in its own radiation levels.

Communist Party Secretary General Mikhail Gorbachev winner of the 1990 Nobel Peace Prize for championing democratic and economic reforms did not publicly admit the disaster until May 14.

“Nobody told us anything. There was only silence,” local resident Yevgeny Markevich recalled in an interview with AFP.

But the authorities did relocate 116,000 people that year from the 30-kilometre (19-mile) exclusion zone that still surrounds the now-dormant plant.

Some 600,000 people who became known as “liquidators” mostly emergency workers and state employees were dispatched with little or no protective gear to help put out the toxic flames and clean up surrounding lands.

Invisible poison

The UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation officially recognised that around 30 of the workers died in the inferno.

A controversial UN report published in 2005 estimated that “up to 4,000” could eventually perish from the invisible poison in Ukraine and neighbouring Russia and Belarus.

The Greenpeace environmental group the next year issued its own study estimating that 100,000 had already lost their lives.

The 1979 Three Mile Island incident in the US state of Pennsylvania and Chernobyl’s explosion prompted a strong shift in public opinion against nuclear power and only a handful of US plants were commissioned between 1986 and 2013.

The Chernobyl tragedy also fanned the rise of Green parties in Germany and other European nations that relied heavily on nuclear fuel.

Monster cage

Fears that a structure hastily built over the stricken Chernobyl reactor was cracking saw more than 40 countries pitch in 2.1 billion euros ($2.4 billion) for the creation of a new 25,000-tonne protective steel barrier in 2010.

About 165 million euros more are expected from the G7 group of world powers and the European Commission.

The giant arch is wide and tall enough to cover the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris and weighs three times more than the Eiffel Tower.

Most of the main work has now been completed and the structure is being fitted out with high-tech equipment that — if everything goes according to plan will be able to decontaminate the hazardous material inside.

AGENCE FRANCE PRESSE Agence France-Presse is a global news agency delivering fast, in-depth coverage of the events shaping our world from wars and conflicts to politics, sports, entertainment and the latest breakthroughs in health, science and technology.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Nuclear Accidents and Their Consequences

Introduction

Nuclear accidents can have devastating consequences on human life and the environment. In this lesson, we will learn about the Chernobyl disaster, which happened in 1986 in Ukraine, and understand the impact of such an event. We will also discuss the importance of nuclear safety and the measures that can be taken to prevent similar accidents.

Section 1: Understanding Nuclear Power Plants

What is a nuclear power plant?

A nuclear power plant is a facility that generates electricity by using the heat produced during nuclear fission. This process involves splitting atoms of radioactive elements like uranium or plutonium to release energy.

Why are nuclear power plants built?

Nuclear power plants are built to provide a reliable source of electricity without producing greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change. They are also used to meet the growing demand for electricity in many countries.

Section 2: The Chernobyl Disaster

What happened at Chernobyl?

On April 26, 1986, a nuclear reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine exploded during a safety test. This was caused by a combination of flawed design, poorly trained operators, and a lack of proper safety measures.

What were the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster?

The Chernobyl disaster led to the release of large amounts of radioactive material into the atmosphere. This contaminated the air, water, and soil in the region, causing long-term health problems for people and wildlife. Thousands of people died as a result of the accident, and many more suffered from radiation sickness or other health issues.

Section 3: Nuclear Safety Measures

What are the safety measures that can be taken to prevent nuclear accidents?

There are several safety measures that can be taken to prevent nuclear accidents, including:

1. Regular inspections and maintenance of nuclear facilities
2. Proper training of operators and staff
3. Use of redundant safety systems
4. Implementation of strict safety protocols
5. Regular testing of emergency response plans

Conclusion

The Chernobyl disaster was a tragic event that had lasting consequences for many people and the environment. It is important that we learn from this accident and take steps to prevent similar events from happening in the future. By implementing proper safety measures and ensuring that nuclear power plants are operated safely, we can minimize the risk of nuclear accidents and protect our communities.

Glossary

- Nuclear power plant: A facility that generates electricity by using the heat produced during nuclear fission
- Nuclear fission: The process of splitting atoms of radioactive elements to release energy
- Radioactive: Emitting or capable of emitting ionizing radiation
- Greenhouse gases: Gases that trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to climate change
- Radiation sickness: A condition caused by excessive exposure to ionizing radiation, characterized by nausea, vomiting, and fatigue.


text:
Here is my invitation for you, be under the first ONO users !

ONO is a social network based on blockchain technology which focuses on the value of attention and offers a free, decentralized social platform to a new generation of users. ONO believes in the value of attention.

As far as ONO is concerned, there exists many valuable human social activities within a social media ecoystem and ONO recognizes the inherent value of both the supply-side and demand-side of human cognitive and social energy.

ONO believes in equality. As far as ONO is concerned, everybody is born equal in personality, so the ways to earn rewards and gain attention in the ONO social platform shall also be equal.

textbook:
Lesson: Blockchain Technology and Social Media

## Section 1: Introduction

Blockchain technology is a digital ledger that records transactions in a secure and transparent manner. It has been used in various industries, including finance and healthcare. In recent years, it has also been applied to social media platforms. One such platform is ONO, a decentralized social network that focuses on the value of attention.

In this lesson, we will explore what blockchain technology is, how it works, and its applications in social media. We will also discuss the benefits and challenges of using blockchain technology in social media platforms.

## Section 2: What is Blockchain Technology?

Blockchain technology is a digital ledger that records transactions in a secure and transparent manner. It is a distributed database that is managed by multiple participants. Each participant has a copy of the database, and they work together to validate transactions and add them to the ledger.

The blockchain technology is secured using cryptography. Each block in the chain contains a record of multiple transactions, and each block is linked to the previous block through a cryptographic hash. This makes it difficult for anyone to tamper with the data, as any changes to one block would affect all the other blocks in the chain.

## Section 3: How does Blockchain Technology Work?

Blockchain technology works by creating a decentralized network of participants who work together to validate transactions and add them to the ledger. Each participant has a copy of the database, and they use a consensus algorithm to agree on which transactions to add to the ledger.

One popular consensus algorithm is proof of work, where participants compete to solve complex mathematical problems to validate transactions. Another algorithm is proof of stake, where participants are chosen based on the amount of cryptocurrency they hold.

## Section 4: Applications of Blockchain Technology in Social Media

Blockchain technology has several applications in social media platforms. One such application is the ability to reward users for their attention and engagement. This is done by creating a digital currency that users can earn by interacting with advertisers or other users.

Another application is the ability to create a decentralized social network that is owned by the users. This means that the users have control over their data and can monetize it as they see fit.

## Section 5: Benefits and Challenges of Blockchain Technology in Social Media

There are several benefits to using blockchain technology in social media platforms. One benefit is the ability to reward users for their attention and engagement, which can lead to more meaningful interactions between users and advertisers. Another benefit is the ability to create a decentralized social network that is owned by the users, which can lead to more trust and transparency between users.

However, there are also several challenges to using blockchain technology in social media platforms. One challenge is the scalability issue, where the blockchain network can become slow and expensive to use as the number of transactions increases. Another challenge is the regulatory issue, where some governments may not allow the use of digital currencies in social media platforms.

## Glossary
- Blockchain Technology: A digital ledger that records transactions in a secure and transparent manner.
- Decentralized: A system where power or control is not concentrated in one place.
- Consensus Algorithm: A method used to agree on which transactions to add to the ledger.
- Proof of Work: A consensus algorithm where participants compete to solve complex mathematical problems to validate transactions.
- Proof of Stake: A consensus algorithm where participants are chosen based on the amount of cryptocurrency they hold.
- Digital Currency: A type of currency that exists only electronically, usually using blockchain technology.
- Scalability: The ability of a system to handle an increasing amount of work or users.
- Regulatory: Relating to the rules and laws that govern a particular industry or activity.

## Conclusion

In conclusion, blockchain technology has several applications in social media platforms, including the ability to reward users for their attention and engagement and the ability to create a decentralized social network that is owned by the users. However, there are also several challenges to using blockchain technology in social media platforms, such as scalability and regulatory issues. Overall, blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize the way we interact with social media platforms and create new opportunities for users and advertisers alike.


text:
1. Field
The present invention is directed toward an improved ultrasonic cleaner, and particularly one providing amplitude and frequency modulation of ultrasonic vibrations.
2. State of the Art
In ultrasonic cleaners, articles to be cleaned are placed in a liquid bath in a cleaning tank. A piezoelectric transducer is mounted to the tank to convert electrical energy into mechanical vibrations in the water. An ultrasonic signal generated by a driver circuit energizes the transducers to vibrate at their prescribed frequency, which is preferably a resonant frequency of the particular transducers used.
It is known that the efficiency of ultrasonic cleaners can be improved by modulating the amplitude or the frequency of the ultrasonic signal presented to the transducers. Without modulation, standing waves may occur within the tank, allowing for uneven cleaning.
Amplitude modulation is typically accomplished by deriving a modulation signal from the frequency of the AC line voltage that powers the ultrasonic cleaner. This modulation signal is presented to the transducers to modulate the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal within the "envelope" of the derived modulation signal. In the United States, 120 volt, 60 Hz, AC line voltage is common. In Europe, 240 volt, 50 Hz AC line voltage is the norm. The amplitude modulation signal is typically derived by a full wave rectification of the power line voltage. Thus, in the United States, amplitude modulation typically occurs within a 120 Hz envelope, while in Europe, amplitude modulation occurs within a 100 Hz envelope.
The modulation envelope provided by the AC line voltage is generally sinusoidal. When the sinusoidal signal is full wave rectified, the lower half of the sine wave signal is "flipped up" to the positive voltage side. As viewed on an oscilloscope, the amplitude envelope signal looks like a series of "bumps" with zero volt nodes between the bumps.
The modulation signals of such devices are chosen because they are easily derived from available line voltage. However, it appears that neither the frequency nor the shape of modulation signals derived from common line voltages are optimum for achieving maximum efficiency in ultrasonic cleaners. There remains a need for an ultrasonic cleaner having a drive circuit that provides for amplitude and frequency modulation and signal shaping chosen to maximize cleaning effectiveness and transducer output, independent from the frequency and signal shape of available line voltage.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Ultrasonic Cleaners

## Section 1: What are Ultrasonic Cleaners?
Ultrasonic cleaners are devices that use high-frequency sound waves to remove dirt, oil, and other contaminants from surfaces. They are commonly used in industries such as healthcare, automotive, and electronics manufacturing.

## Section 2: How do Ultrasonic Cleaners Work?
Ultrasonic cleaners work by creating cavitation bubbles in a liquid solution. These bubbles collapse rapidly, generating high-pressure jets that blast contaminants off the surface being cleaned. The process is repeated multiple times until the surface is clean.

## Section 3: Why are Amplitude and Frequency Modulation Important?
Amplitude and frequency modulation are important because they help improve the efficiency of ultrasonic cleaners. By changing the amplitude or frequency of the ultrasonic signal, it is possible to avoid standing waves within the tank, which can lead to uneven cleaning.

## Section 4: Practical Examples
One practical example of how amplitude and frequency modulation can be used is in the cleaning of delicate electronic components. By modulating the amplitude and frequency of the ultrasonic signal, it is possible to create a more uniform cleaning effect that does not damage the components.

## Section 5: Conclusion
Understanding the principles behind ultrasonic cleaners and their modulation capabilities can help you choose the right cleaner for your needs and ensure optimal performance. By following the guidelines provided in this lesson, you will be able to select the appropriate cleaner, set it up correctly, and achieve the best possible results.


text: /. Sewri /. Bhattad Celestia Spaces Phase II. Bhattad Celestia Spaces Phase II is a well-known venture developed by Bhattad Group, in the heart of Sewri, Mumbai. The project is drawing potential owners from all over Mumbai by virtue of a number of points primary among those being the locality and immaculate construction quality. Bhattad Celestia Spaces Phase II is one of the epitomes of construction design, green spaces and quality parameters. The property with its proximity to the core of Sewri is easily accessible by all means of public and private transport. It boosts of abundant numbers of hospitals, academies, institutes, shopping mart, parks and monuments in close surroundings. All crutial needs of the dwellers have been considered during the development of the project. The best thing of this project is that it is in under construction Phase.. Bhattad Group is an EXCELLENT builder. It has 1 on-going projects with total inventory value of Rs.7290."

textbook:
Lesson: Real Estate Investment
Introduction: Real estate investment is the process of buying, holding, and selling properties to generate income or capital gains. It is a popular way to build wealth and secure financial freedom. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of real estate investment, including the benefits, risks, and strategies for success.
Section 1: Benefits of Real Estate Investment
- Appreciation: Real estate values tend to increase over time, providing investors with capital gains.
- Cash Flow: Rental properties generate monthly income that can cover expenses and provide a profit.
- Tax Advantages: Real estate investments offer tax deductions for mortgage interest, property taxes, and other expenses.
- Diversification: Real estate investments can diversify your portfolio and reduce risk.
Section 2: Risks of Real Estate Investment
- Market Fluctuations: Real estate values can decrease as well as increase, leaving investors with losses.
- Vacancy: Rental properties may remain vacant for extended periods, reducing income and increasing expenses.
- Maintenance: Properties require regular maintenance and repairs, which can be costly and time-consuming.
- Legal Issues: Real estate investments can involve legal disputes with tenants or neighbors, leading to costly litigation.
Section 3: Strategies for Success
- Location: Invest in properties in desirable locations with strong rental demand and low vacancy rates.
- Research: Conduct thorough research on the property and market before making an investment.
- Financing: Use financing options such as mortgages to leverage your investment and increase potential returns.
- Property Management: Hire a professional property manager to handle tenant relationships, maintenance, and other tasks.
Conclusion: Real estate investment can be a lucrative way to build wealth and secure financial freedom. By understanding the benefits, risks, and strategies for success, investors can make informed decisions and maximize their returns. Remember to always do your research and consult with a professional before making any investment decisions.
Glossary:
- Appreciation: An increase in the value of a property over time.
- Capital Gains: Profits earned from the sale of a property.
- Cash Flow: The income generated by a rental property after expenses are paid.
- Mortgage Interest: The interest paid on a loan used to purchase a property.
- Property Taxes: Taxes assessed on real estate by local governments.


text: Logical Terror is a modern metalcore band from Italy, after the debut album “Almost Human”, in 2016 they released “Ashes Of Fate”.. The album is the proof that even in Italy there are great bands.. “10000 Falls” open the door of an explosive series of tracks, guitar assaults like hungry blade on the solid rhythmic part and the double voices create that contrast that catches the listener.. In “The World Was Mine” we can find the contribution of Bjorn “Speed” Strid from Soliwork.. With “Shattered Crown” the sound became softer but it goes to change with the killer “Ashes Of Fate” featuring Jon Howard from Threat Signal.. We can find a great melodic construct in “The Long Descent” that can be defined as the best track of this album.. The closure is up to “Coming Undone” the most soft track in the album.. What can we say? This is abssolutly an amazing job! We know the band is going to release soon a new album so we’re waiting for another masterpice!

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Metalcore Music

**Introduction:**
Metalcore is a genre of music that combines elements of heavy metal and hardcore punk. It originated in the mid-1990s and has since become popular worldwide. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of metalcore music, including its history, instruments, and characteristics.

**History:**
Metalcore originated in the mid-1990s in the United States. It was created by combining elements of hardcore punk and heavy metal. The first metalcore bands were considered underground and were not very popular. However, as time passed, metalcore became more popular and mainstream. Today, it is one of the most popular genres of music.

**Instruments:**
Like other types of music, metalcore uses a variety of instruments. The most common instruments used in metalcore are electric guitars, bass, drums, and vocals. The guitarists often use distortion and other effects to create a heavy sound. The bassist provides the low end, and the drummer keeps the beat. The vocals can be clean or screamed, depending on the style of the band.

**Characteristics:**
Metalcore has several characteristics that make it unique. One of the most important characteristics is the use of breakdowns. A breakdown is a section of the song where the music slows down and the vocals become more aggressive. Another characteristic is the use of double bass drums, which give the music a fast and intense feel. Metalcore also often includes technical guitar riffs and complex lyrics that deal with personal issues, politics, and other topics.

**Examples:**
One of the most popular metalcore bands is Bring Me the Horizon. Other well-known metalcore bands include Architects, Parkway Drive, and Killswitch Engage.

**Conclusion:**
In conclusion, metalcore is a genre of music that combines elements of heavy metal and hardcore punk. It originated in the mid-1990s and has since become popular worldwide. Metalcore uses a variety of instruments, including electric guitars, bass, drums, and vocals. Its characteristics include the use of breakdowns, double bass drums, technical guitar riffs, and complex lyrics. By learning about metalcore, we can appreciate this genre of music and understand its significance in the world of music.


text: A press release by the National Association of Sachet and Bottled Water Producers Ghana, has revealed that a bag of sachet water has now seen an increase in pricing.. That means that instead of GHS 2.00, consumers will now be paying GHS 2.50.. The letter, which was released on the 4th of March, aims to inform the general public of the increase and the new minimum prices.. The letter also revealed March 8th, as the date that the new prices come into effect.. Ghanaians are certainly not happy with this new development

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Economic Principles

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the economic principles behind the increase in the price of sachet water in Ghana. We will examine how supply and demand, competition, and government intervention play a role in determining the price of goods and services.

Section 1: Supply and Demand

Supply and demand are two fundamental concepts in economics. They determine the price of a good or service in a market. When demand for a product increases, its price tends to rise, and when supply increases, its price tends to fall. In the case of sachet water, the demand for clean drinking water is high, so the price has increased.

Question: How does an increase in demand affect the price of a good or service?
Answer: An increase in demand leads to an increase in price.

Section 2: Competition

Competition is another important factor in determining the price of goods and services. In a competitive market, businesses compete with each other to provide the best products at the lowest possible price. If one company raises its prices, consumers can turn to other companies that offer similar products at lower prices. In the case of sachet water, there may be many producers, but if one company raises its prices, it may lose customers to its competitors.

Question: What is competition, and how does it affect the price of goods and services?
Answer: Competition is when businesses compete with each other to provide the best products at the lowest possible price. It helps keep prices low by encouraging businesses to offer better products and lower prices to attract customers.

Section 3: Government Intervention

Governments can also influence the price of goods and services through policies and regulations. For example, they can set minimum prices for certain products to protect consumers from exploitation. In the case of sachet water in Ghana, the government has set a minimum price, which means that producers cannot sell their products below that price.

Question: How does government intervention affect the price of goods and services?
Answer: Government intervention can influence the price of goods and services by setting minimum or maximum prices, imposing taxes, or regulating production and distribution.

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we have explored the economic principles behind the increase in the price of sachet water in Ghana. We have examined how supply and demand, competition, and government intervention play a role in determining the price of goods and services. By understanding these principles, we can better understand how prices are determined in the market and make informed decisions when buying goods and services.

Glossary:
- Supply and demand: Two fundamental concepts in economics that determine the price of a good or service in a market.
- Competition: When businesses compete with each other to provide the best products at the lowest possible price.
- Government intervention: Policies and regulations that governments use to influence the price of goods and services.

Self-Debate Discussion:

Do you think the increase in the price of sachet water is fair? Why or why not? Use economic principles to support your argument.


text:
Selective surgical indications for iatrogenic hemobilia.
This study was undertaken to assess the place for surgery in patients with iatrogenic hemobilia. Nineteen patients were treated for hemobilia caused by percutaneous liver biopsy (n = 11), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC, n = 5), or percutaneous biliary drainage (PBD, n = 3). Selective embolization was attempted in all patients who bled after percutaneous liver biopsy or PTC but one, whereas irrigation via the external catheter was tried first in patients bleeding after PBD. Selective embolization was successful in 13 cases (87%) of 15. Technical impossibility of selective embolization (n = 2) and absence of recognizable vascular lesion (n = 1) were the reasons for surgery in three actively bleeding patients. Indications for delayed surgery included hemocholecystitis (n = 3) and inadvertent embolization of the gallbladder (n = 1). Biliary decompression was only required after PTC and was achieved by endoscopic sphincterotomy (n = 3), percutaneous transtumoral intubation (n = 1), or surgery (n = 1) after failure of percutaneous biliary dilation. After PBD, repeat irrigation and tube replacement were used to stop the bleeding and to decompress the biliary tract without embolization or surgery. None of the 19 patients died, and none experienced recurrent bleeding. Surgical indications for iatrogenic hemobilia are limited and include failure or complication of arterial embolization, hemocholecystitis, and failed attempt at endoscopic or percutaneous biliary decompression in case of obstructive jaundice.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Selective Surgical Indications for Iatrogenic Hemobilia

### Overview
In this lesson, we will learn about selective surgical indications for iatrogenic hemobilia. We will cover the following topics:

1. What is iatrogenic hemobilia?
2. Causes of iatrogenic hemobilia
3. Treatment options for iatrogenic hemobilia
4. Selective embolization
5. Indications for surgery
6. Biliary decompression

### What is iatrogenic hemobilia?
Iatrogenic hemobilia refers to bleeding caused by a medical procedure that involves the biliary system. This can occur during liver biopsy, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), or percutaneous biliary drainage (PBD).

### Causes of iatrogenic hemobilia
Iatrogenic hemobilia is caused by damage to the biliary system during these procedures. The most common cause is injury to the hepatic artery or its branches, which can lead to bleeding.

### Treatment options for iatrogenic hemobilia
Treatment options for iatrogenic hemobilia depend on the severity of the bleeding and the patient's overall health. These options include:

1. Conservative management: This involves monitoring the patient closely and providing supportive care, such as fluids and blood transfusions if necessary.
2. Interventional radiology: This involves using imaging techniques to guide the placement of a catheter into the affected vessel, allowing for the delivery of clotting agents or other materials to stop the bleeding.
3. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to control the bleeding or repair the damaged biliary system.

### Selective embolization
Selective embolization is a minimally invasive procedure that involves injecting a substance into the affected blood vessel to block off the bleeding site. This procedure is typically used when the bleeding is caused by a specific vessel that can be identified using imaging techniques.

### Indications for surgery
Surgery may be indicated in cases where selective embolization is not possible or has failed to stop the bleeding. Indications for surgery include:

1. Active bleeding that cannot be controlled using other methods
2. Hemocholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder caused by blood)
3. Inadvertent embolization of the gallbladder

### Biliary decompression
Biliary decompression is a procedure used to relieve pressure in the biliary system caused by the accumulation of bile. This can occur after PTC and is typically treated by:

1. Endoscopic sphincterotomy: A procedure in which a small incision is made in the sphincter of Oddi to allow bile to drain.
2. Percutaneous transtumoral intubation: A procedure in which a tube is inserted into the gallbladder to allow bile to drain.
3. Surgery: In cases where other methods have failed, surgery may be necessary to create a new pathway for bile to drain.

### Conclusion
In conclusion, selective surgical indications for iatrogenic hemobilia depend on the severity of the bleeding and the patient's overall health. Conservative management, interventional radiology, and surgery are all potential treatment options. It is essential to carefully consider each option and choose the best course of action for the individual patient.


text:
WYME-CD

WYME-CD, virtual and UHF digital channel 45, is a low-powered, Class A Antenna TV-affiliated television station licensed to Gainesville, Florida, United States. Owned by New Age Media, it is sister to two full-power stations: High Springs-licensed dual CBS/MyNetworkTV affiliate WGFL (channel 28) and Gainesville-licensed NBC affiliate WNBW-DT (channel 9). The latter is actually owned by MPS Media but operated by New Age Media under a local marketing agreement (LMA). All three stations, in turn, are operated under a master service agreement by the Sinclair Broadcast Group. The stations share studios on Northwest 80th Boulevard (along I-75/SR 93) in Gainesville; WYME-CD's transmitter is located between I-75/SR 93 and US 441/SR 25 in rural Alachua County.

Even though WYME-CD broadcasts a digital signal of its own, its broadcast range is limited to the immediate Gainesville area. However, it receives full-market over-the-air coverage via the fourth digital subchannel of WNBW. This signal broadcasts on virtual and VHF channel 9.4 from a transmitter in Newberry. On cable, WYME-CD can be seen on Cox digital channel 115 in Gainesville.

History
WYME began operations in 1994 as W14CB, broadcasting on UHF channel 14. In early 1997, the station increased its power and changed its call letters to WJXE-LP. During this period, the station was known on-air as "TV-14" and mainly aired programming from the America One television network.

WJXE changed its callsign to WYPN-CA in 2001, when the station upgraded to Class A service and started broadcasting on UHF channel 43 (moving to channel 45 in 2003). About a year later, the America One programming was dropped and WYPN became a satellite of sister station WGFL on July 15, 2002, the same day the latter station became a CBS affiliate. This arrangement lasted until December 1, 2004, when WYPN gained the UPN affiliation and became a separate station. WYPN then positioned itself as "UPN 11", choosing to identify by its cable channel number despite broadcasting over-the-air on channel 45.

When the UPN and WB networks merged to form The CW in 2006, WYPN was made a satellite of Lake City sister station WMYG-LP, which became an affiliate of the new MyNetworkTV programming service on September 5, 2006. This arrangement was done primarily due to WMYG's over-the-air signal being channel 11 (the same as WYPN's cable number). In the months prior to the switch, WYPN omitted "UPN" from their logo and on-screen graphics and re-branded itself as "WYPN 11".

Five years later, on May 3, 2011, WYPN became an affiliate of the MeTV network. To reflect the new affiliation, the station changed its call letters to WYME-CA. This time, the station didn't go by its channel number, instead simply identifying itself as "MeTV Gainesville".

On September 25, 2013, New Age Media announced that it would sell most of its stations, including the then WYME-CA, WGFL, and WMYG-LP, to the Sinclair Broadcast Group. Concurrently, MPS Media planned to sell WNBW-DT to Cunningham Broadcasting, though Sinclair would still operate that station. On October 31, 2014, New Age Media requested the dismissal of its application to sell WYME-CA; the next day, Sinclair purchased the non-license assets of the stations it planned to buy from New Age Media and began operating them through a master service agreement.

Digital channel

References

External links
 AntennaTV.tv - official Antenna TV website
 MyCBS4.com - official WGFL website

Category:Antenna TV affiliates
Category:Television channels and stations established in 1994
YME-CD
Category:Sinclair Broadcast Group
Category:Digital low-power stations

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Antenna TV

Antenna TV is a digital subchannel broadcast network that offers a selection of classic television shows, movies, and sports programs. It is available over-the-air on low-powered, Class A stations like WYME-CD in Gainesville, Florida. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of Antenna TV and learn about its history, programming, and how to receive it.

Section 1: Introduction to Antenna TV

Topic 1: What is Antenna TV?
Antenna TV is a digital subchannel broadcast network that offers a selection of classic television shows, movies, and sports programs. It is owned by the Antenna TV Network, LLC, which is a subsidiary of the Tribune Broadcasting Company. The network launched on January 2, 2011, and is available in over 150 markets across the United States.

Topic 2: History of Antenna TV
Antenna TV was originally launched as a cable-only network called "TV Guide Channel" in 1993. In 2006, the network was rebranded as "TVGN" (TV Guide Network) and began offering a mix of original programming and classic television shows. In 2011, the network was acquired by Tribune Broadcasting and rebranded as Antenna TV.

Section 2: Programming on Antenna TV

Topic 1: Classic Television Shows
Antenna TV primarily airs classic television shows from the 1950s through the 1980s, including popular sitcoms, dramas, and game shows. Some of the shows that have aired on Antenna TV include "The Honeymooners," "The Andy Griffith Show," "Leave It to Beaver," "M*A*S*H," and "The Twilight Zone."

Topic 2: Movies and Sports Programs
In addition to classic television shows, Antenna TV also airs classic movies and sports programs. The network airs several classic movie blocks throughout the week, featuring films from the 1930s through the 1980s. Antenna TV also airs live sports events, including college basketball and baseball games.

Section 3: How to Receive Antenna TV

Topic 1: Over-the-Air Reception
Antenna TV is broadcast over-the-air on low-powered, Class A stations like WYME-CD in Gainesville, Florida. To receive Antenna TV over-the-air, you will need an antenna that is specifically designed for over-the-air reception. You can use the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) DTV Reception Maps to determine if you can receive Antenna TV in your area.

Topic 2: Cable and Satellite Reception
In addition to over-the-air reception, Antenna TV is also available on cable and satellite providers. You can check with your local cable or satellite provider to see if Antenna TV is offered in your area.

Glossary:
- Digital Subchannel: A secondary channel that a television station can broadcast in addition to its main channel.
- Low-Powered Station: A television station that has a maximum effective radiated power of 100 watts or less.
- Class A Station: A low-powered television station that is eligible for must-carry status on cable systems and satellite providers.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about Antenna TV, a digital subchannel broadcast network that offers classic television shows, movies, and sports programs. We explored its history, programming, and how to receive it over-the-air and on cable and satellite providers. By understanding the basics of Antenna TV, you can enjoy classic television shows and movies on this unique network.


text: CHEMISTRY:. Chemistry is all around us.. Matter is everything that occupies space and has mass. Matter is made up of what are called Atoms and Molecules which we cannot see. Even people are made up of atoms. Matter is made up of Liquids, Solids and Gasses.. Atoms are the smallest things in life and you cannot see them. If you split an Atom you make a bomb which is called an Atomic Bomb. Water is made up of atoms of hydrogen and oxygen.. Molecules are made of atoms which are joined together.. ELEMENTS:. Atoms make up all the different kinds of matter. Solids that are elements are steel, gold, etc.. Compounds are a mixture of different substances.. GAS:. Gas has no shape and flows freely. It is another type of matter.. LIQUIDS:. Every liquid has water in it. Liquids take the shape of the container holding them.. If you want to be an Engineer you will also need to be good at Chemistry.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Chemistry

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Chemistry is the study of matter and its interactions with energy and other substances. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. It can be classified into three states: solids, liquids, and gases. Atoms are the smallest units of matter and make up all elements. Elements are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Compounds are made up of two or more elements chemically combined.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
Water is made up of atoms of hydrogen and oxygen. Steel is a solid element that is used in construction. Gold is a precious metal that is often used in jewelry.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Chemistry plays a crucial role in our daily lives. From the food we eat to the medicines we take, chemistry is involved in every aspect. Understanding the basics of chemistry can help us make informed decisions about our health and the environment.

## Glossary
- Matter: Everything that occupies space and has mass.
- Atoms: Smallest units of matter that make up elements.
- Elements: Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
- Compounds: Mixture of two or more elements chemically combined.
- Solids: Matter that has a fixed shape and volume.
- Liquids: Matter that takes the shape of its container but has a fixed volume.
- Gases: Matter that has no fixed shape or volume.

## Conclusion
Chemistry is an essential subject that helps us understand the world around us. By studying chemistry, we can learn about the properties of matter and how it interacts with energy and other substances. This knowledge can be applied to various fields, including medicine, engineering, and environmental science.


text: WAPOW Magazine is a free, bilingual community quarterly magazine. that focuses on news and culture in Los Angeles Chinatown.. 華報季刊是一家免費雙語社區報刊，. 専報道關于洛城華埠的本地新聞及文化。. Find WAPOW | Subscribe | Support | Facebook | Instagram | Circulation. OUR MISSION. As the Los Angeles Chinatown neighborhood undergoes rapid change and urban development,. WAPOW seeks to be a resource to share information and highlight personal stories. to help locals better cope with change, and promote dialogue. across the community’s diverse cultures and generations.. Read our LA 2050 entry for more about what we do. Our fiscal agent is Los Angeles C.A.C.A. Community Action,. a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Journalism

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Journalism is the practice of gathering, writing, editing, and disseminating news and information to the public. It is an essential part of any democracy, as it helps to keep people informed about what is happening in their community and the world at large. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of journalism and how it relates to news and culture in Los Angeles Chinatown.

### Section 2: Questions and Answers
1. What is journalism?
Journalism is the practice of gathering, writing, editing, and disseminating news and information to the public.

2. Why is journalism important?
Journalism is important because it helps to keep people informed about what is happening in their community and the world at large. It also serves as a watchdog for government and other powerful institutions, holding them accountable for their actions.

3. Who is the target audience for WAPOW Magazine?
The target audience for WAPOW Magazine is the community in Los Angeles Chinatown. It focuses on news and culture in the area and is written in both English and Chinese to reach a diverse audience.

4. What is the mission of WAPOW Magazine?
The mission of WAPOW Magazine is to be a resource that shares information and highlights personal stories to help locals better cope with change and promote dialogue across the community's diverse cultures and generations.

5. How does WAPOW Magazine contribute to the community?
WAPOW Magazine contributes to the community by providing a platform for local news and culture in Los Angeles Chinatown. It helps to bridge gaps between different cultures and generations, promoting understanding and dialogue.

### Section 3: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios
Let's imagine that you are a journalist working for WAPOW Magazine. Your editor has assigned you to write an article about the impact of gentrification on small businesses in Los Angeles Chinatown. You decide to interview several business owners who have been affected by rising rents and property values.

During your interviews, you notice that some business owners are struggling to keep up with the costs of running their businesses, while others have been forced to close their doors due to the high rent. You also learn about a community organization that is working to help small businesses stay afloat in the face of gentrification.

Using this information, you write an article that explores the impact of gentrification on small businesses in Los Angeles Chinatown. You include quotes from the business owners you interviewed, as well as information about the community organization that is helping them. You also provide context about the broader trend of gentrification in the city and how it is affecting other communities as well.

### Glossary
- Journalism: The practice of gathering, writing, editing, and disseminating news and information to the public.
- Target audience: The specific group of people that a piece of media is intended for.
- Mission statement: A statement that explains the purpose and goals of an organization.
- Gentrification: The process of wealthier individuals moving into a lower-income neighborhood, often leading to increased rent and property values, and displacement of longtime residents.
- Context: The background information and historical events that help readers understand a current event or issue.

### Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about the basics of journalism and how it relates to news and culture in Los Angeles Chinatown. We explored the importance of journalism in keeping people informed and holding powerful institutions accountable. We also looked at a practical example of how journalism can be used to explore complex issues such as gentrification and its impact on small businesses. By understanding the principles of journalism and applying them to real-world scenarios, we can become better-informed citizens and contribute to our communities in meaningful ways.


text: Kevin McGowan / Bio. For Kevin McGowan, music follows the natural flow of his life. This longtime commitment is revealed in his two full-length original CD releases, “When I Was a Young Man” and “Our Life” and his two full length Irish CDs, “Irish Favorites” and “Where the Shannon River Flows.”, "but it's a story that took a life of its own. The title cut from "Our Life," is autobiographical. It is a reflective look at unconditional love, dedicated to the "sandwich generation," the people who have raised children and taken care of aging parents at the same. States McGowan, "Every time in my life when I found time to restart the music, life reminded me of my real priorities... General Info. - Band Members:. - Kevin McGowan, Joe Beggy, Jon Schneider, Ron Nash, Kevin O'Connor. - Artist Name:. - Kevin McGowan. -. - Active Since:. - 01/00. - Genres:. - Folk / Adult Contemporary / Irish. Contact Info. - Location:. - Spotswood, NJ

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Music

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
In this lesson, we will explore the world of music and its various elements. Music is a form of art that involves organized sounds and silence, which are combined to create a coherent composition that evokes emotions and ideas. It is a universal language that transcends cultures and time periods.

### Section 2: Questions and Answers
1. What is music?
Music is an art form that uses organized sounds and silences to create a composition that evokes emotions and ideas.

2. Who can create music?
Anyone can create music, regardless of their age, background, or skill level.

3. What are the different genres of music?
There are many genres of music, including classical, jazz, rock, pop, country, hip-hop, and many others.

4. How do you read music?
Reading music involves understanding the symbols and notes on a musical staff, which represent the pitch and rhythm of the music.

5. What are the different instruments used in music?
There are many instruments used in music, including string instruments (such as violin, viola, cello, and double bass), woodwind instruments (such as flute, oboe, clarinet, and saxophone), brass instruments (such as trumpet, trombone, French horn, and tuba), percussion instruments (such as drums, cymbals, and xylophone), and keyboards (such as piano and organ).

### Section 3: Practical Examples Using Mathematical Abstractions and Real-World Scenarios
Let's take a simple example of creating a melody. A melody is a sequence of musical notes that are played in a specific order to create a pleasing sound. To create a melody, you can use mathematical abstractions such as scales and intervals. Scales are a set of notes that are played in a specific order, while intervals refer to the distance between two notes. For example, if you play a C note followed by a G note, the interval between them is a third.

Now let's take a more complex example. Imagine you are composing a piece of music for a movie scene. The scene describes a romantic moment between two characters, and you want to create a mood that is both tender and passionate. You can use real-world scenarios to inspire your composition. For instance, you could use the sound of waves crashing on the shore to create a peaceful atmosphere, or the sound of a ticking clock to create a sense of urgency.

### Glossary
- Musical Staff: A set of horizontal lines on which musical notes are written.
- Pitch: The highness or lowness of a sound, measured in frequency.
- Rhythm: The pattern of beats in a piece of music.
- Interval: The distance between two notes, measured in semitones.
- Scale: A set of notes that are played in a specific order.
- Melody: A sequence of musical notes that are played in a specific order to create a pleasing sound.

### Conclusion
In conclusion, music is a beautiful and complex art form that can evoke powerful emotions and ideas. By understanding its various elements and techniques, we can appreciate and create music in a meaningful way.


text: Kids Astronomy Activity Book!. Do you love astronomy and fun activities? You’re in the right place! This book includes lots of exciting things you can do while learning about the starry night sky.. The universe is a huge place, and we can see a big part of it from the top half of Earth, called the Northern Hemisphere. Astronomers and scientists use their eyes, binoculars, telescopes on Earth, telescopes sent into space, and special machines to find all kinds of cool things in the universe.. In this book, you’ll get to be an astronomer, too. Your first stop explores the planets, moons, and objects in our solar system.. Next you’ll shoot for the stars and learn about the constellations while stargazing at night. Then you’ll zoom through the far reaches of the Milky Way galaxy and discover star clusters and colorful nebulae.. Along the way, you’ll get to color and draw, connect dots, find hidden objects, and have fun with word puzzles. Let’s get started!.

textbook:
Title: Kids Astronomy Activity Book

## Chapter 1: Exploring Our Solar System

### Section 1: Introduction to the Solar System

In this section, we will learn about the different objects in our solar system, including the eight planets, dwarf planets, moons, asteroids, and comets. We will also learn about the different types of orbits and how they relate to each object.

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- What is the solar system?
- What are the different types of orbits?
- What are the different types of celestial bodies in the solar system?

**Practical Examples:**
- Draw a diagram of the solar system, labeling the different objects and their orbits.
- Use a scale model to demonstrate the relative sizes of the planets and their moons.

**Glossary:**
- Celestial body: any natural object in space, such as planets, moons, asteroids, and comets.
- Orbit: the path that an object takes around a central point, such as a planet orbiting the sun.

### Section 2: Planets and Moons

In this section, we will learn about the eight planets in our solar system and their moons. We will also learn about the different characteristics of each planet, such as their size, composition, and atmosphere.

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- What are the eight planets in our solar system?
- What are the different characteristics of each planet?
- What are moons and how do they orbit planets?

**Practical Examples:**
- Create a chart comparing the different characteristics of each planet.
- Draw a diagram of a planet and its moons, showing their relative sizes and distances.

**Glossary:**
- Planet: a celestial body that orbits the sun and has enough gravity to clear its orbit of other debris.
- Moon: a natural satellite that orbits a planet.

### Section 3: Dwarf Planets and Other Objects

In this section, we will learn about the five recognized dwarf planets in our solar system, as well as other objects such as asteroids and comets. We will also learn about the differences between these objects and how they are classified.

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- What are dwarf planets?
- How are asteroids and comets different from planets and moons?
- What are the different types of celestial bodies in our solar system?

**Practical Examples:**
- Create a Venn diagram to compare and contrast the different types of celestial bodies.
- Use a scale model to demonstrate the relative sizes of different objects in our solar system.

**Glossary:**
- Dwarf planet: a celestial body that orbits the sun, has enough gravity to clear its orbit of other debris, but does not meet the criteria to be considered a full-sized planet.
- Asteroid: a rocky object that orbits the sun and is smaller than a planet.
- Comet: a celestial body made up of ice, dust, and rock that orbits the sun and emits a tail when it gets close to the sun.

## Chapter 2: Exploring the Night Sky

### Section 1: Introduction to Constellations

In this section, we will learn about the different constellations in the night sky and how they were named. We will also learn about the different myths and legends associated with each constellation.

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- What are constellations?
- How were constellations named?
- What are some of the myths and legends associated with constellations?

**Practical Examples:**
- Draw a map of the night sky, labeling the different constellations.
- Use a star projector to identify different constellations in the night sky.

**Glossary:**
- Constellation: a group of stars that form a recognizable pattern in the night sky.

### Section 2: Stargazing and Observations

In this section, we will learn about the different tools and techniques used for stargazing and observing the night sky. We will also learn about the different types of telescopes and how they work.

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- What are some tools used for stargazing and observing the night sky?
- What are different types of telescopes and how do they work?
- How do astronomers use telescopes to study the night sky?

**Practical Examples:**
- Use a telescope to observe the moon and record observations.
- Create a diagram of the different types of telescopes and their functions.

**Glossary:**
- Telescope: a tool used to observe objects in space by collecting and focusing light from those objects.

## Chapter 3: Exploring the Universe

### Section 1: Introduction to the Universe

In this section, we will learn about the different parts of the universe and how they are organized. We will also learn about the different types of galaxies and how they are classified.

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- What is the universe?
- What are the different parts of the universe?
- What are different types of galaxies and how are they classified?

**Practical Examples:**
- Create a diagram of the universe, labeling the different parts and their characteristics.
- Use a scale model to demonstrate the relative sizes of different galaxies.

**Glossary:**
- Universe: everything that exists, including all matter, energy, and space.
- Galaxy: a large group of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity.

### Section 2: Exploring Deep Space

In this section, we will learn about the different types of objects and phenomena found in deep space. We will also learn about the different types of missions sent to explore these objects and phenomena.

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- What are some of the different types of objects and phenomena found in deep space?
- What are the different types of missions sent to explore these objects and phenomena?
- How do scientists use data collected from these missions to learn more about the universe?

**Practical Examples:**
- Create a timeline of significant space missions and their accomplishments.
- Use a scale model to demonstrate the relative sizes of different deep space objects and phenomena.

**Glossary:**
- Deep space: the region of space beyond the outer planets of our solar system.
- Object: anything that can be observed in space, such as stars, planets, moons, asteroids, and comets.
- Phenomenon: any observable event or occurrence in space.

## Conclusion

In this Kids Astronomy Activity Book, we have explored the different aspects of astronomy, from our own solar system to the far reaches of the universe. We have learned about the different types of celestial bodies, constellations, and objects in space. We have also learned about the different tools and techniques used to study the night sky. By the end of this book, you will have a strong foundation in astronomy and be able to apply your knowledge to new problems. Keep exploring the universe and never stop asking questions!


text: What do you know, it’s time for another SCED monthly roundup, and I had no idea it was that time already!. It’s been a colourful month! This month I have started working on drawing all of the international code of flags and drawn plenty of post-its. By far and large the greatest thing I’ve done this month is Robot Factory. I’m still surprised that came out of my mind/fingers. It’s been a relatively solid month of ideas by my standards… I wonder if I’ll keep it up next month?!. After the fold are all the old direct links, for posterity’s sake. Continue reading “Something Every Winter Day”

textbook:
Lesson: The Core Value of Creativity
Introduction:
Creativity is the ability to come up with new ideas, solutions, and thoughts. It is an essential skill that can help individuals in various aspects of their lives, including problem-solving, decision-making, and personal growth. In this lesson, we will explore the core value of creativity and learn how to develop and apply it in different situations.
Section 1: Understanding Creativity
Topic 1: What is creativity?
- Creativity is the process of generating new ideas or products that have value.
- It involves thinking outside the box, taking risks, and challenging conventional wisdom.
- Creativity can be applied in various fields, such as art, science, business, and education.
Topic 2: Types of creativity
- There are two types of creativity: divergent and convergent.
- Divergent thinking involves generating many ideas or solutions to a problem, while convergent thinking involves selecting the best idea or solution from among several options.
- Both types of creativity are important for different situations.
Topic 3: Benefits of creativity
- Creativity can lead to innovation and progress.
- It can help individuals think critically and solve complex problems.
- Creativity can also boost self-confidence and self-esteem.
Section 2: Developing Creativity
Topic 1: How to develop creativity
- Set aside time for brainstorming and idea generation.
- Take risks and try new things.
- Be open-minded and willing to consider different perspectives.
- Seek out new experiences and stimuli.
Topic 2: Practicing creativity
- Try different activities that require creativity, such as drawing, writing, or building something.
- Use creativity in everyday tasks, such as cooking or organizing your schedule.
- Apply creativity to work or school projects.
- Collaborate with others to generate new ideas.
Section 3: Applying Creativity
Topic 1: Real-world examples of creativity
- Entrepreneurs who start their own businesses.
- Scientists who develop new technologies or theories.
- Artists who create unique works of art.
Topic 2: Applying creativity to everyday life
- Find new ways to solve problems or complete tasks.
- Generate new ideas for hobbies or leisure activities.
- Apply creativity to personal relationships or communication.
Conclusion:
Creativity is a valuable skill that can help individuals in various aspects of their lives. By understanding the core value of creativity and developing it through practice and application, individuals can become more innovative, resourceful, and adaptable. Whether you are a student, a professional, or simply someone looking to improve your personal life, creativity can help you think outside the box and achieve your goals.