text: Why us?. We could start off saying how reliable we are and how good our service and equipment is but everybody else will also be saying the same.. We think the most important thing is to give you advice. When hiring Av equipment from any company you should know that they are qualified in what they are doing. ( time is no qualification ). All we would like to advise you when selecting a company to run your event is to ask them their audio visual background and that of their staff. good luck with your choice. London based av company , Projector hire, Plasma Screen rentals , pa sound system. We can hire you a pa system with mic . AV hire .. Plasma screen Hire prices | Cheap Projector Hire | Small basic PA Hire | Audio Visual Rental London and Surrey | Event Rental | Microphone Hire | Cheap Speaker Hire Prices | Lighting Hire Surrey | Lectern Hire | Audio Visual Hire Service | cinema projection equipment

textbook:
Lesson: How to Choose an AV Company

Introduction:
In today's world, audio-visual (AV) equipment is essential for various events such as conferences, meetings, and presentations. However, choosing the right AV company can be challenging since everyone claims to provide the best service and equipment. In this lesson, we will discuss the factors you should consider when choosing an AV company to ensure a successful event.

Section 1: Importance of Experience and Qualifications

Topic: Why experience and qualifications matter

Question: Why is it crucial to choose an AV company with experienced and qualified staff?
Answer: Experience and qualifications are essential because they indicate the level of expertise and knowledge the company has in handling AV equipment. A qualified AV company will have the skills and knowledge to handle any technical issue that may arise during your event.

Topic: The importance of asking about the company's background

Question: Why is it vital to ask about the company's audio-visual background and that of their staff?
Answer: Asking about the company's background will help you understand their level of experience and expertise in the field. You want to work with a company that has a track record of success and can demonstrate their ability to deliver quality services.

Section 2: Types of AV Equipment

Topic: Types of AV Equipment

Question: What are the common types of AV equipment used in events?
Answer: Common AV equipment includes projectors, screens, microphones, speakers, and lighting systems.

Topic: Understanding the differences between equipment

Question: How do you determine which type of equipment is suitable for your event?
Answer: To determine the appropriate equipment, you need to consider the size of the venue, the number of attendees, and the nature of the event. For example, if you are hosting a conference, you may require a large screen to display presentations, while a small meeting may only require a portable projector.

Section 3: Cost and Budget

Topic: Cost of AV Equipment and Services

Question: How do you determine the cost of hiring AV equipment and services?
Answer: The cost of hiring AV equipment and services varies depending on the type of equipment, the duration of the event, and the distance to the venue. It is essential to get a quote from different companies and compare their prices to ensure you get the best deal.

Topic: Creating a budget

Question: Why is it crucial to create a budget for your event?
Answer: Creating a budget helps you prioritize your expenses and ensure that you stay within your financial limits. When creating a budget, you should consider the cost of hiring AV equipment and services, the venue, catering, and other miscellaneous expenses.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, choosing the right AV company is crucial for the success of your event. By considering factors such as experience and qualifications, types of equipment, and cost, you can make an informed decision and ensure that your event runs smoothly. Remember to always prioritize quality over price and work with a company that you trust to deliver quality services.


text: The.. Most of the characters in the novel are not made up, as Cisneros writes about real people that she encountered in her lifetime.. Cisneros incorporated her major concerns into the novel, as she wrote about conflicts directly related to her upbringing, including divided cultural loyalties, feelings of alienation, and degradation associated with poverty. Cisneros' work also explores other issues that are important to her: feminism, love, oppression, and religion... Unbeknownst to Esperanza, her naiveté increasingly strong, and clear about her destiny. Her optimism prevails.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding and Analyzing Literature

Introduction:
Literature is an important subject in school curricula. It helps students develop critical thinking skills, understand different cultures, and express their thoughts and emotions. However, understanding literature can be challenging, especially for young learners. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of analyzing literature, including understanding the characters, themes, and symbols in a story.

Section 1: Understanding Characters

Characters are the heart of any story. They are the people who drive the plot forward and make the story interesting. To understand characters, we need to know their motivations, desires, and conflicts. We also need to pay attention to their interactions with other characters and the world around them.

Activity: Read the following passage from "The House on Mango Street" by Sandra Cisneros and answer the following questions:

1. Who is the protagonist of the story?
2. What does Esperanza want?
3. How does Esperanza feel about her house?
4. What is the symbolism of the house?

Passage: "I'm almost thirteen and I've been waiting for my name to be called all my life."

Answers:
1. The protagonist of the story is Esperanza.
2. Esperanza wants her name to be called.
3. Esperanza feels embarrassed about her house.
4. The symbolism of the house is that it represents Esperanza's desire for a better life and her feeling of being trapped in her current situation.

Section 2: Understanding Themes

Themes are the underlying messages or ideas in a story. They can be about love, friendship, courage, or any other topic that the author wants to explore. To understand themes, we need to look for recurring motifs, symbols, and ideas throughout the story.

Activity: Identify the themes in "The House on Mango Street" and explain how they are presented in the story.

Themes: Coming of age, identity, and the American Dream.

Presentation: Esperanza's journey towards self-discovery and her struggle to find her place in the world represents the theme of coming of age. The symbolism of the house and her desire to leave it behind illustrates the theme of the American Dream. The various characters she meets along the way represent the theme of identity and her struggle to find where she belongs.

Section 3: Understanding Symbols

Symbols are objects, characters, or events that represent a deeper meaning or idea in a story. They can be used to convey complex emotions or ideas that would be difficult to express directly. To understand symbols, we need to analyze their significance and how they relate to the overall meaning of the story.

Activity: Identify the symbols in "The House on Mango Street" and explain their significance.

Symbols: The house, the keys, and the tree.

Explanation: The house represents Esperanza's desire for a better life and her feeling of being trapped in her current situation. The keys symbolize the freedom and independence she longs for. The tree represents growth and maturity, as well as the challenges and struggles that come with it.

Conclusion:
Understanding literature can be a rewarding experience that helps us develop critical thinking skills and empathy for others. By analyzing characters, themes, and symbols, we can deepen our understanding of a story and appreciate its beauty and complexity.


text:
Q:

Duplicate Combinations of 3 items In DataTable

I have a situation where I need to look for duplicate combinations of a Guid,String,String coming from a DataTable.
I originally only needed to look for guid, string - and was resolving it using:
        var duplicates = m_SysAdminData.JOBCLASSES.AsEnumerable()
            .Where (x => x.IsINACTIVEDATENull())
            .GroupBy(d => new KeyValuePair<Guid, string>   (d.DEPARTMENTS_GID,d.JOBCLASSESPOSITIONTITLE))
            .Where(d => d.Count() > 1);

How do I modify this to allow for the extra string i need to get involved?

A:

LINQ lets you group by objects of anonymous types, so you can rewrite your query like this:
var duplicates = m_SysAdminData.JOBCLASSES.AsEnumerable()
        .Where (x => x.IsINACTIVEDATENull())
        .GroupBy(d => new {d.DEPARTMENTS_GID,d.JOBCLASSESPOSITIONTITLE, d.AnotehrString})
        .Where(d => d.Count() > 1);

This replaces the named generic type KeyValuePair<Guid, string> with an anonymous type that has three fields derived from DEPARTMENTS_GID, JOBCLASSESPOSITIONTITLE, and AnotehrString fields of the JOBCLASSES objects.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Finding Duplicate Combinations of 3 Items in a DataTable

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to find duplicate combinations of three items, such as Guid, String, and String, in a DataTable using LINQ. We will start by understanding the problem statement and then move on to solving it using LINQ. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to apply these skills to similar problems.

Problem Statement:
John wants to find duplicate combinations of a Guid, String, and String coming from a DataTable. He originally only needed to look for Guid and String, but now he needs to add one more String.

Solution:
To modify John's original LINQ query to allow for the extra String, we need to replace the named generic type KeyValuePair<Guid, string> with an anonymous type that has three fields derived from the DEPARTMENTS_GID, JOBCLASSESPOSITIONTITLE, and AnotehrString fields of the JOBCLASSES objects. Here's the modified query:

```
var duplicates = m_SysAdminData.JOBCLASSES.AsEnumerable()
    .Where(x => x.IsINACTIVEDATENull())
    .GroupBy(d => new {d.DEPARTMENTS_GID, d.JOBCLASSESPOSITIONTITLE, d.AnotehrString})
    .Where(d => d.Count() > 1);
```

Explanation:
- The `GroupBy` method groups the data based on the three fields, DEPARTMENTS_GID, JOBCLASSESPOSITIONTITLE, and AnotehrString, which are all strings.
- The `Where` method filters out any rows where the IsINACTIVEDATENull flag is true.
- The resulting duplicate combinations are returned by the `Select` method.

Practice Problems:
1. Suppose you have a DataTable called "Orders" with columns "OrderID", "CustomerID", and "OrderDate". How would you modify John's LINQ query to find duplicate combinations of these three columns?

Answer:
 To modify John's LINQ query to find duplicate combinations of the "OrderID", "CustomerID", and "OrderDate" columns in the "Orders" DataTable, you would replace the three fields in the anonymous type with the corresponding column names from the "Orders" table:

```
var duplicates = Orders.AsEnumerable()
    .Where(x => x.OrderDate == DateTime.MinValue) // Replace with appropriate condition
    .GroupBy(d => new {d.OrderID, d.CustomerID, d.OrderDate})
    .Where(d => d.Count() > 1);
```

2. Now suppose you have a DataTable called "Customers" with columns "CustomerID", "FirstName", and "LastName". How would you modify John's LINQ query to find duplicate combinations of these three columns?

Answer:
 To modify John's LINQ query to find duplicate combinations of the "CustomerID", "FirstName", and "LastName" columns in the "Customers" DataTable, you would replace the three fields in the anonymous type with the corresponding column names from the "Customers" table:

```
var duplicates = Customers.AsEnumerable()
    .Where(x => x.CustomerID == null) // Replace with appropriate condition
    .GroupBy(d => new {d.CustomerID, d.FirstName, d.LastName})
    .Where(d => d.Count() > 1);
```

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to modify John's original LINQ query to allow for the extra String by replacing the named generic type with an anonymous type that has three fields derived from the DEPARTMENTS_GID, JOBCLASSESPOSITIONTITLE, and AnotehrString fields of the JOBCLASSES objects. We also practiced applying this skill to similar problems involving other DataTables. By mastering this skill, we can efficiently find duplicate combinations of three items in various scenarios.


text:
Q:

c pointer assignment to pointer to pointer what does it mean

I have a code snippet am struggling to understand.
char *c;   // c is uni dimensional table ( single row )

char **p ; // p is a two dimensional table

**p = *c;  // what does this mean ?

When I do the above the assignment, is the c copied as first row of p ?
or c is copied as first column of p ?

A:

**p = *c; // what does this mean ?
When I do the above the assignment , Is the c copied as first row of p ? or c is copied as first column of p ?

Neither, that code is copying the first element of c to the first element of p. Is equivalent to
p[0][0] = c[0];

textbook:
Lesson: Pointers and Arrays in C

Introduction:
Pointers and arrays are two of the most important data structures in C programming language. In this lesson, we will learn about pointers and arrays, their differences, and how they can be used to create efficient and powerful programs.

Section 1: Pointers and Arrays
A pointer is a variable that holds the memory address of another variable. An array is a collection of variables of the same type, arranged in a specific order. Pointers and arrays are both used to store and access data, but they have some significant differences.

Differences:
1. Pointers can point to any memory location, while arrays have a fixed memory location.
2. Arrays can only hold elements of the same type, while pointers can hold elements of different types.
3. Arrays have a fixed size, while pointers can have a variable size.
4. Arrays are indexed by numbers, while pointers are indexed by addresses.

Example:
```c
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
    int *ptr = arr;
    printf("The value of arr[0] is %d\n", *(arr + 0));
    printf("The value of *(arr + 1) is %d\n", *(arr + 1));
    printf("The value of *(arr + 2) is %d\n", *(arr + 2));
    printf("The value of *(arr + 3) is %d\n", *(arr + 3));
    return 0;
}
```
In this example, we declare an array `arr` and assign values to it. We then declare a pointer `ptr` and assign it the memory address of the first element of `arr`. Finally, we print out the values of the elements of `arr` using both the array notation and pointer notation.

Section 2: Two-dimensional Pointers
A two-dimensional pointer is a pointer that points to another pointer. This is similar to a pointer that points to an array, but with an additional level of indirection.

Example:
```c
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int x = 5;
    int *y = &x;
    int **z = &y;
    printf("The value of x is %d\n", *x);
    printf("The value of *y is %d\n", *y);
    printf("The value of **z is %d\n", **z);
    return 0;
}
```
In this example, we declare a variable `x` and assign it the value 5. We then declare pointers `y` and `z`, and assign them the memory addresses of `x` and `y`, respectively. Finally, we print out the values of `x`, `*y`, and `**z`.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about pointers and arrays in C programming language. We learned about their differences and how they can be used to create efficient and powerful programs. We also learned about two-dimensional pointers and how they can be used to create additional levels of indirection.


text: Farmers Looking for CSAs. ORONO - It may be hard to believe, but spring is right around the corner.. Local farmers are getting ready for the season, and allowing customers to take part in community supported agriculture, also known as CSA.. The work is similar to presales, with the customer investing in a certain amount of product.. "When you join a CSA here, now, it helps our farmers have cash flow early in the season when it's tight, and often they will give you extra vegetables on an order of about ten percent on top of your CSA share," explains customer John Jemison.. Adds farmer Clayton Carter, "I think that we all get excited looking this time at seed catalogs and thinking about our gardens or farms, and it's a neat way to come and talk to farmers about their plans and just to get excited about the upcoming season and all the great things we have to eat.". A "Meet Your Famers" event will be held March 1st at 1 pm - 4 pm at the Maine Holistic Center.. >.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Community Supported Agriculture (CSA)

**Overview:** In this lesson, we will learn about Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), which is a partnership between local farmers and consumers. We will explore the benefits of joining a CSA, how it works, and the role of farmers in providing fresh and locally grown produce.

**Objectives:**

1. Understand the concept of CSA and its benefits.
2. Learn about the role of farmers in providing fresh and locally grown produce.
3. Appreciate the importance of supporting local farmers and the community.

**Section 1: Introduction to CSA**

**Topic 1: What is CSA?**

CSA is a community-based initiative that connects local farmers with consumers. It is a partnership between farmers and members of the community who want to support local agriculture. Through CSA, farmers can sell their produce directly to consumers, reducing the middleman and allowing them to earn more profit.

**Topic 2: Benefits of Joining a CSA**

Joining a CSA has several benefits for both farmers and consumers. For farmers, it provides a steady source of income and reduces the risk of financial loss due to unpredictable weather conditions or market fluctuations. For consumers, it provides access to fresh, locally grown produce that is often organic and environmentally friendly. Additionally, it supports the local economy and promotes sustainable agriculture practices.

**Section 2: How does CSA work?**

**Topic 1: The Role of Farmers**

Farmers play a crucial role in CSA by providing fresh and locally grown produce. They work hard to ensure that the produce is of high quality and meets the expectations of the consumers. They also take care of the land, crops, and animals, ensuring that they are treated humanely and with respect.

**Topic 2: The Role of Consumers**

Consumers also play an essential role in CSA by supporting local farmers and the community. By joining a CSA, consumers commit to purchasing a certain amount of produce from the farmer each week or month. This provides farmers with a steady source of income, allowing them to plan their crops and expenses better.

**Section 3: Supporting Local Farmers**

**Topic 1: The Importance of Supporting Local Farmers**

Supporting local farmers is essential because it promotes sustainable agriculture practices, protects the environment, and strengthens the local economy. When we buy locally grown produce, we reduce the carbon footprint associated with transportation and storage. We also help preserve the land and support the farmers who work hard to provide us with fresh and healthy food.

**Topic 2: How to Support Local Farmers**

One way to support local farmers is by joining a CSA. Another way is by shopping at farmers' markets, buying directly from farmers, or choosing locally grown produce at grocery stores. We can also support local farmers by spreading awareness about the benefits of sustainable agriculture and encouraging others to do the same.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

In conclusion, CSA is a valuable initiative that connects local farmers with consumers, providing fresh and locally grown produce while supporting the community and sustainable agriculture practices. By joining a CSA or supporting local farmers in other ways, we can make a significant impact on our environment and local economy.

**Glossary:**

- CSA: Community Supported Agriculture
- Farmer: A person who grows crops or raises animals for food
- Consumer: A person who uses or buys goods or services
- Sustainable Agriculture: A system of farming that focuses on producing food while preserving the environment and maintaining economic viability

**Self-Debating Discussion:**

Do you think it's essential to support local farmers and the community? Why or why not?

**Conclusion:**

By learning about CSA and its benefits, we can appreciate the importance of supporting local farmers and the community. We can apply this knowledge by joining a CSA, shopping at farmers' markets, or spreading awareness about sustainable agriculture practices. This will not only benefit our environment and local economy but also provide us with fresh, healthy, and locally grown produce.


text: You need to know about this. This is important.. Ah, I've been trying to embed their video in this blog post for the last half hour, but can't make it work, so screw it. Just go to the Getting Her World blog and watch the movie there.. This feels to me to be "the next step" in course material for men who want to have better relationships with women. It's profound.

textbook:
Lesson: Embedding Videos in Blog Posts

**Introduction:** In today's digital age, embedding videos in blog posts has become an essential skill for anyone who wants to share information or tell a story online. Whether you are a student, a teacher, or a content creator, knowing how to embed videos can help you create engaging and interactive content that captures your audience's attention. In this lesson, we will learn how to embed videos in blog posts using various platforms and tools.

**Section 1: Understanding Video Embedding**

Video embedding is the process of adding a video file to a web page using HTML code. When you embed a video, it becomes part of the web page, allowing visitors to play the video directly on the page without having to leave the site. There are several ways to embed videos, including using YouTube, Vimeo, or other video hosting platforms.

**Section 2: Embedding Videos Using YouTube**

YouTube is one of the most popular video hosting platforms, and it offers a simple way to embed videos in blog posts. Here's how you can do it:

1. Go to YouTube and find the video you want to embed.
2. Click on the "Share" button under the video player.
3. Copy the "Embed code" URL provided by YouTube.
4. Open your blog post editor and place your cursor where you want the video to appear.
5. Click on the "HTML" tab in the editor and paste the YouTube embed code into the code window.
6. Save your changes, and the video should appear in your blog post.

**Section 3: Embedding Videos Using Vimeo**

Vimeo is another popular video hosting platform that allows you to embed videos in blog posts. Here's how you can do it:

1. Go to Vimeo and find the video you want to embed.
2. Click on the "Share" button under the video player.
3. Copy the "Embeddable HTML" URL provided by Vimeo.
4. Open your blog post editor and place your cursor where you want the video to appear.
5. Click on the "HTML" tab in the editor and paste the Vimeo embed code into the code window.
6. Save your changes, and the video should appear in your blog post.

**Section 4: Embedding Videos Using Other Platforms**

Apart from YouTube and Vimeo, there are several other platforms and tools that allow you to embed videos in blog posts. Some of these include Wistia, Vidyard, and Kaltura. The process for embedding videos using these platforms is similar to the process described above for YouTube and Vimeo.

**Section 5: Best Practices for Embedding Videos**

1. Choose the right video format: Make sure your video is in a format that is compatible with the platform you are using to embed it.
2. Optimize your video for the web: Compress your video to reduce its file size and improve its loading speed.
3. Add captions and transcripts: Make your video accessible to a wider audience by adding captions or transcripts.
4. Use descriptive alt text: Add alt text to your video embed code to provide a description of the video for visitors who may not be able to see it.
5. Test your embed code: Before publishing your blog post, test your video embed code to ensure that it is working correctly.

**Conclusion:** Embedding videos in blog posts can add depth and interactivity to your content. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can easily embed videos using YouTube, Vimeo, or other platforms. Remember to optimize your video for the web, add captions and transcripts, use descriptive alt text, and test your embed code to ensure that it is working correctly. With these best practices in mind, you can create engaging and interactive content that captures your audience's attention.


text: Test Center. It is easy to see the newest titles that have been added to the test library. Go to the Test Center and click "View All Free Tests". The list will include the latest tests. Come see what is new and measure your skills!. Business Concepts (U.S.). Description:. Our Business Concepts (U.S.) test measures your knowledge of general business fundamentals and practices in the United States. Designed for all business professionals, this test covers the following topics: Business Law, Financial Management, Financial Planning, General Business, Human Resources, Marketing, Operations, and Social Responsibility.. Once you request a test, your Personal Identification Number (PIN) will be stored in your My Plan for easy access. You will have 90 days in which to take the test you requested.. Test Outline

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Business Concepts (U.S.)
## Section 1: Overview of Business Concepts (U.S.)
In this lesson, we will learn about the basic concepts of business in the United States. We will cover topics such as business law, financial management, financial planning, general business, human resources, marketing, operations, and social responsibility. This lesson is designed for primary through high school students who want to learn about the fundamentals of business in the U.S.
## Section 2: Business Law
Business law is the study of how businesses interact with each other and with their customers. It includes contracts, property rights, and intellectual property. In the U.S., businesses must follow federal and state laws that govern their operations. Some common areas of business law include:
- Contracts: Agreements between two or more parties that create an obligation to do or not do something.
- Property rights: The rights of individuals or businesses to own and use property.
- Intellectual property: The legal protection given to creative works such as patents, trademarks, and copyrights.
## Section 3: Financial Management
Financial management is the process of managing a business's money. This includes budgeting, accounting, and investments. Financial management helps businesses make smart decisions about where to spend their money and how to save for the future. Some common areas of financial management include:
- Budgeting: Creating a plan for how much money a business will spend and earn over a certain period of time.
- Accounting: Keeping track of all the money that comes into and goes out of a business.
- Investments: Putting money into something in the hopes of getting a return on investment.
## Section 4: Financial Planning
Financial planning is the process of creating a plan for how a business will use its money in the future. This includes making predictions about future income and expenses and creating a plan to meet those goals. Some common areas of financial planning include:
- Cash flow projection: Predicting how much money a business will have coming in and going out over a certain period of time.
- Budgeting: Creating a plan for how much money a business will spend and earn over a certain period of time.
- Investment planning: Creating a plan for how a business will invest its money to meet its goals.
## Section 5: General Business
General business is the study of how businesses operate. This includes marketing, operations, and social responsibility. In the U.S., businesses must follow federal and state laws that govern their operations. Some common areas of general business include:
- Marketing: The process of identifying and meeting customer needs.
- Operations: The process of producing and delivering a product or service.
- Social responsibility: The idea that businesses should act in ways that are good for society and the environment.
## Section 6: Human Resources
Human resources is the study of how businesses manage their employees. This includes hiring, training, and benefits. In the U.S., businesses must follow federal and state laws that govern their employee relations. Some common areas of human resources include:
- Hiring: The process of finding and selecting new employees.
- Training: Teaching employees the skills they need to do their jobs.
- Benefits: The perks and services that a business offers its employees, such as health insurance and retirement plans.
## Section 7: Marketing
Marketing is the process of identifying and meeting customer needs. This includes advertising, pricing, and distribution. In the U.S., businesses must follow federal and state laws that govern their marketing practices. Some common areas of marketing include:
- Advertising: The process of promoting a product or service to potential customers.
- Pricing: Setting the price of a product or service based on factors such as production costs and customer demand.
- Distribution: Getting a product or service to customers through channels such as stores or online platforms.
## Section 8: Operations
Operations is the process of producing and delivering a product or service. This includes manufacturing, quality control, and logistics. In the U.S., businesses must follow federal and state laws that govern their operations. Some common areas of operations include:
- Manufacturing: The process of creating a product.
- Quality control: The process of ensuring that a product meets certain standards before it is sold.
- Logistics: The process of getting a product from the manufacturer to the customer.
## Section 9: Social Responsibility
Social responsibility is the idea that businesses should act in ways that are good for society and the environment. This includes sustainability, community involvement, and fair labor practices. In the U.S., businesses must follow federal and state laws that govern their social responsibility practices. Some common areas of social responsibility include:
- Sustainability: The practice of using resources in ways that are environmentally friendly.
- Community involvement: The practice of giving back to the community through volunteer work and donations.
- Fair labor practices: The practice of treating employees fairly and following labor laws.
## Glossary
- Business law: The study of how businesses interact with each other and with their customers.
- Financial management: The process of managing a business's money.
- Financial planning: The process of creating a plan for how a business will use its money in the future.
- General business: The study of how businesses operate.
- Human resources: The study of how businesses manage their employees.
- Marketing: The process of identifying and meeting customer needs.
- Operations: The process of producing and delivering a product or service.
- Social responsibility: The idea that businesses should act in ways that are good for society and the environment.
## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about the basic concepts of business in the United States. We covered topics such as business law, financial management, financial planning, general business, human resources, marketing, operations, and social responsibility. By understanding these concepts, we can better understand how businesses operate and make informed decisions about our own finances.


text:
James Gunn Teases Rocket’s Character Arc Will Be Completed With Guardians 3

The Marvel Cinematic Universe is on a serious high right now, riding the massive success of Avengers: Endgame. The movie is breaking all types of records, and is deeply connected to the other 21 movies before it. Endgame particularly focused on the heroes who survived Thanos’ snap in Infinity War, including Guardians of the Galaxy favorite Rocket Raccoon.

Rocket is arguably the most damaged character in the Guardians franchise, perhaps sharing the honor with Karen Gillan’s Nebula. That’s no doubt why were they spared from the dusting, and given the chance to grow through Endgame‘s five- year span. And according to director James Gunn, Vol. 3 of the franchise will complete a major narrative arc for Bradley Cooper’s character. As he put it:

While James Gunn no doubt has plans for all of the Guardians of the Galaxy cast, it looks like we should play special attention to Rocket when the threequel eventually arrives in theaters. Because that’s the character Gunn just couldn’t say goodbye to.

James Gunn’s comments to Deadline make a great deal of sense, considering how much of an arc Groot has already had in Phases 2 and 3. Rocket was introduced in the first Guardians movie as an angry and closed off criminal. But he’s since grown into a intergalactic hero, and has a family unit in the Guardians.

In fact, Guardians 2’s last shot was on Rocket. The movie leaves us with the wise-cracking Guardian watching the lights from Yondu’s funeral, having finally found a home.

Unfortunately that family was taken away from him in Avengers: Infinity War. Thanos’ assault on the galaxy hit the Guardians hard, with Gamora was murdered by her father and the affects of the snap turning Star-Lord, Mantis, Drax, and Groot to dust. Rocket and Nebula were the only survivors, and developed their own bond which should presumably have a role in the Guardians’ threequel.

It should be interesting to see what’s next for Rocket in Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3. It looks like Thor might be joining the next movie, and Rocket’s developed quite the relationship with the God of Thunder. The Guardians (or Asguardians?) are also on the search for the past Gamora, who had time traveled with Thanos to the epic final battle in Endgame.

Avengers: Endgame is in theaters now, complete with the second part of Rocket’s arc. In the meantime, be sure to check out our 2019 release list to plan your next trip to the movies.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Rocket Raccoon's Character Arc in the Marvel Cinematic Universe

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Rocket Raccoon is a fictional character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). He is an intelligent, anthropomorphic raccoon and a skilled fighter. Rocket is known for his sarcastic and cynical nature, but he also has a tragic past that shapes his character arc.

## Section 2: Questions and Answers

1. What is Rocket Raccoon's backstory in the MCU?
2. How does Rocket's past affect his personality in the present?
3. What are some of Rocket's notable abilities in the MCU?

## Section 3: Definitions of Purpose

Rocket's character arc in the MCU is about overcoming his troubled past and learning to trust others. Throughout the series, he forms strong bonds with his teammates, especially Peter Quill (Star-Lord), and learns to see the value in their friendships.

## Section 4: Practical Examples Using Mathematical Abstractions and Real-World Scenarios

In the first two Guardians of the Galaxy movies, Rocket struggles with his past as a test subject for the villainous Ronan the Accuser. He also grapples with feelings of loneliness and isolation due to his unique nature. However, by the end of both films, Rocket learns to embrace his identity as a Guardian and a friend to the group.

In Avengers: Endgame, Rocket plays a crucial role in the final battle against Thanos. He and his teammates use their individual strengths to defeat the villain, showing how far Rocket has come in accepting himself and others.

## Section 5: Self-Debating Discussions

1. How does Rocket's character arc relate to broader themes in the MCU, such as redemption and the power of friendship?
2. Why do you think Rocket's story resonates with audiences?
3. How might Rocket's character arc evolve in future MCU installments?

## Glossary

- Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU): A shared universe created by Marvel Studios, featuring a series of interconnected films and television series.
- Character Arc: The emotional growth and development of a fictional character over the course of a story.
- Backstory: The history or background of a character or object in a story.
- Anthropomorphic: Having human characteristics or qualities.
- Cynical: Showing a doubtful or skeptical attitude.
- Bond: A close relationship or connection between two or more people.
- Abstraction: A concept or idea that is separated from its original object or context.
- Mathematical Abstraction: A concept or idea in mathematics that is based on logical and intuitive reasoning rather than physical or concrete objects.
- Real-World Scenarios: Situations or events that occur in everyday life.
- Self-Debating: A process of actively considering multiple perspectives or viewpoints to arrive at a well-reasoned conclusion.

## Conclusion

Rocket Raccoon's character arc in the MCU is a compelling journey of personal growth and self-discovery. By exploring his past traumas and learning to trust others, Rocket transforms from a cynical loner into a valued member of the Guardians team. As audiences continue to follow Rocket's story in future MCU installments, they will undoubtedly be captivated by his complex character development and the powerful themes of redemption and friendship that underlie it.


text: Thursday, 29 January 2015. Last updated 12 hours ago. Jan 14 2010 | 1:34pm ET. A pair of top hedge funds is set to open offices in Hong Kong as western hedge funds begin to filter back into the region that is driving global economic growth.. New York-based Soros Fund Management and London-based GLG Partners, which both manage in excess of US$20 billion, plan to up open shop in the Special Economic Area, Bloomberg News reports. In addition to its proposed research office in Hong Kong, GLG is also planning a representative office in Beijing.. For its part, Soros may transfer two of its fund managers to Hong Kong. James Chang, a former Tiger Asia Management managing director hired in November, and Dai Jixin, a nine-year Soros vet, could make the move. Dai is a native of Ch…

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Hedge Funds

## Section 1: What are Hedge Funds?
Hedge funds are private investment funds that pool money from various investors to invest in various assets, including stocks, bonds, real estate, and commodities. They are typically managed by professional money managers who charge high fees and have considerable discretion over how they invest the funds. Hedge funds are known for their aggressive investment strategies and high returns, which can make them attractive to investors seeking higher returns on their investments.

## Section 2: How do Hedge Funds Make Money?
Hedge funds make money by using a variety of investment strategies, including long and short positions, options trading, leverage, and arbitrage. They aim to generate high returns regardless of market conditions, and they often use complex algorithms and models to identify profitable opportunities. Some hedge funds specialize in specific types of investments, such as distressed debt or emerging markets, while others use a more diversified approach.

## Section 3: Risks of Investing in Hedge Funds
Investing in hedge funds can be risky because they are not regulated as heavily as other types of investments, and they can use leverage, which magnifies gains and losses. Additionally, hedge funds can charge high fees and have lock-up periods, which can limit an investor's ability to withdraw their money. Finally, hedge funds can be highly volatile, which means that their value can fluctuate significantly over short periods of time.

## Section 4: Why do Hedge Funds Open Offices in Hong Kong?
Hong Kong is a major financial center in Asia and has become an increasingly important location for hedge funds. The city has a favorable tax regime, a stable political environment, and a large pool of talented professionals. Additionally, Hong Kong's proximity to China makes it an ideal location for investing in the country's rapidly growing economy. As a result, many hedge funds have opened offices in Hong Kong to take advantage of these opportunities.

## Section 5: Conclusion
Investing in hedge funds can be a lucrative opportunity for investors seeking higher returns, but it also comes with risks. By understanding the basics of hedge funds and their investment strategies, investors can make informed decisions about whether this type of investment is right for them. Additionally, by opening offices in Hong Kong, hedge funds can tap into the growing opportunities in Asia and benefit from the city's favorable business environment.

## Glossary:
- Hedge fund: A private investment fund that pools money from various investors to invest in various assets
- Long and short positions: Investment strategies that involve buying and selling assets to take advantage of price movements
- Leverage: The use of borrowed money to increase the potential return on an investment
- Arbitrage: The practice of taking advantage of a price difference between two or more markets to make a profit
- Distressed debt: Bonds or loans that are in default or nearing default
- Emerging markets: Countries that are in the process of developing their economies and becoming more integrated into the global economy
- Lock-up period: A period during which an investor cannot withdraw their money from an investment
- Volatility: The degree to which an investment's value fluctuates over time.


text: Ecommerce industry has the second highest discrepancy rate in background verification.. Source: AuthBridge Annual Trends Report 2018. Ecommerce. An Ecommerce boom in India has led to the generation of employment for a diverse set of people, which in turn has exposed the sector to workforce-related challenges. Transient workforce with limited accountability, lean HR departments and possible employment of employees with dubious personal and professional background pose serious risks. Background verification of workforce and staff as well as business associates can deal with credibility issues. Our solutions can help... Could you be hiring a leader with a termination record and an inflated salary record?

textbook:
Lesson: Background Verification in Ecommerce Industry
Introduction:
Background verification is the process of checking the credentials and past records of an individual before hiring them for a job. In the ecommerce industry, where there is a high turnover of employees and a large number of freelancers and contract workers, background verification becomes even more important. This is because the industry has a high risk of fraud and other criminal activities.
Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is to teach students the importance of background verification in the ecommerce industry and how it can help prevent fraud and other criminal activities.
Section 1: The Importance of Background Verification in Ecommerce Industry
Topic 1: The Risks of Not Conducting Background Verification
- The ecommerce industry has a high risk of fraud and other criminal activities due to the large number of transactions that take place online.
- Without conducting background verification, companies are at risk of hiring individuals with a criminal record or a history of fraud.
- This can lead to financial losses, damage to the company's reputation, and legal liabilities.
Topic 2: The Benefits of Conducting Background Verification
- Conducting background verification can help companies identify potential red flags in an individual's past record.
- This can help companies make informed decisions about hiring and avoid costly mistakes.
- Background verification can also help companies establish trust with their customers and build a positive reputation.
Section 2: The Process of Conducting Background Verification
Topic 1: The Types of Information Checked During Background Verification
- Employment history
- Education history
- Criminal record
- Credit score
- Professional references
Topic 2: The Tools Used for Conducting Background Verification
- Social media checks
- Criminal background checks
- Credit checks
- Reference checks
- Education and employment verification
Section 3: Real-World Examples of Background Verification in Ecommerce Industry
Topic 1: How Amazon Uses Background Verification
- Amazon conducts background checks on all its employees, including warehouse workers and delivery drivers.
- The company uses a third-party background check service to verify employment history, education, and criminal records.
- Amazon also conducts drug tests and motor vehicle records checks.
Topic 2: How Flipkart Uses Background Verification
- Flipkart conducts background checks on all its employees, including senior management.
- The company uses a combination of internal and external resources to verify employment history, education, and criminal records.
- Flipkart also conducts reference checks and credit checks.
Conclusion:
Background verification is an essential part of the hiring process in the ecommerce industry. It helps companies identify potential red flags in an individual's past record and avoid costly mistakes. By conducting background verification, companies can establish trust with their customers and build a positive reputation.


text: Kaunas University of Technology: from ideas to solutionsBeing the largest technical university in Lithuania, Kaunas University of Technology (KTU) is one of the leaders of research and development (R&D) in physical and technology sciences in Lithuania. The University has decisively outlined its vision for becoming a strong science and Innovation University, where studies are based on study and scientific research symbiosis, seeking excellence in fundamental and applied research, become a partner of industry, business, and the society both in Lithuania and the EU, and which creates, promotes, and implements scientific achievements and innovations.. -

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Research and Development (R&D)

**Lesson Overview:**

In this lesson, we will learn about the concept of Research and Development (R&D) and its role in advancing technology and innovation. We will explore the importance of R&D in the field of science and engineering, and how it contributes to the growth of industries and societies.

**Section 1: Introduction to R&D**

**Topic 1: Definition of R&D**

R&D refers to the process of conducting investigations or experiments to discover new knowledge, improve existing products or services, or develop new ones. It involves the application of scientific or technological knowledge to create, modify, or improve products, processes, or services.

**Topic 2: Importance of R&D**

R&D plays a crucial role in advancing technology and innovation. It drives progress by pushing the boundaries of what is possible and creating new opportunities for growth and development. R&D also helps businesses stay competitive in the market and adapt to changing trends and customer needs.

**Section 2: R&D in Science and Engineering**

**Topic 1: Role of R&D in Science and Engineering**

R&D is essential in science and engineering as it enables researchers to explore new ideas, test hypotheses, and develop innovative solutions to complex problems. It also helps scientists and engineers to improve existing technologies or create entirely new ones that can revolutionize industries and transform societies.

**Topic 2: R&D in Practice**

R&D can take many forms, including basic research, applied research, and experimental development. In basic research, scientists aim to increase knowledge in a specific field by conducting experiments or observations without any immediate commercial applications. Applied research, on the other hand, focuses on solving specific problems or developing new products, processes, or services. Experimental development involves testing and refining new technologies, products, or processes to make them practical and useful.

**Section 3: R&D and Industry Growth**

**Topic 1: R&D and Economic Growth**

R&D is a key driver of economic growth and competitiveness. It helps businesses to create new jobs, attract investment, and expand into new markets. By investing in R&D, companies can develop innovative products and services that meet changing customer needs and stay ahead of their competitors.

**Topic 2: R&D and Society**

R&D also plays an essential role in addressing societal challenges such as climate change, healthcare, and education. It helps scientists and engineers to develop new technologies and solutions that can improve people's lives and protect our planet.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

In conclusion, R&D is a critical component of technological advancement and innovation. By investing in R&D, businesses and societies can drive progress, create new opportunities, and solve complex problems. The skills and knowledge gained from studying R&D can help individuals to contribute to the growth of industries and societies in various capacities.

**Glossary:**

- R&D: Research and Development
- Investigations: Systematic exploration or inquiry
- Experiments: A test, trial, or procedure to see whether a hypothesis is true
- Hypothesis: A tentative explanation or prediction that can be tested
- Technological knowledge: Information and skills related to the design, production, and use of tools and machines
- Innovation: The act or process of introducing something new or improved
- Progress: Movement towards improvement or achievement
- Advancing: To move forward or make progress
- Trends: General direction or tendencies of opinion or activity
- Development: The process of creating or growing something over time
- Applications: The act of asking for something to be done or granted

**Self-Debate Discussion:**

Is R&D important for businesses? Why or why not?

**Answer:**
 Yes, R&D is crucial for businesses as it helps them to stay competitive, develop new products or services, and meet changing customer needs. Without R&D, businesses may struggle to adapt to new trends or technologies and risk falling behind their competitors.


text: munchkin baby gate in auto close modern baby gate a munchkin in munchkin baby gate extension white 55.. munchkin baby gate auto close manual new extra designer dark wood silver,munchkin vibe mesh and steel baby gate cherry price in installation youtube wood extension 275,munchkin baby gate extension 275 video walmart canada auto close designer,munchkin baby gate extension walmart inch white wood xl,munchkin baby gate child parts extension white 275 wood and steel 55,munchkin metal baby gate installation auto close child safety home the depot extension white 55,munchkin baby gate installation easy close metal or pet nib kids in auto modern dark wood silver assembly instructions,munchkin baby gate extension video with pet door open auto close metal white,munchkin baby gate extension white 275 auto close metal loft aluminum hardware mount for,munchkin baby gate extension white 275 protect installation target metal gates safety standard version solutions.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Baby Gates

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about baby gates and their importance in keeping babies and toddlers safe. We will cover the different types of baby gates, their features, and how to choose the right one for your home.

Section 1: Types of Baby Gates

Topic 1: Hardware Mounted Gates
Hardware mounted gates are the most common type of baby gates. They are usually made of metal or wood and are installed by attaching them to the doorframe or wall. These gates are sturdy and durable, making them ideal for homes with pets or older children who may try to open the gate.

Topic 2: Pressure Mounted Gates
Pressure mounted gates are designed to be placed between two surfaces, such as a doorway and a wall. They are held in place by pressure from the gate itself, so no installation is required. These gates are easy to move and can be used in different locations around the house.

Topic 3: Playard Gates
Playard gates are designed to fit around a playard or bassinet. They are usually made of mesh or fabric and can be easily installed and removed as needed.

Section 2: Features of Baby Gates

Topic 1: Width and Height
Baby gates come in different widths and heights to fit various doorways and openings. Make sure to measure your space before purchasing a gate to ensure it will fit properly.

Topic 2: Locking Mechanisms
Most baby gates have some form of locking mechanism to keep the gate securely closed. Look for gates with a self-closing mechanism that automatically locks the gate when it is closed.

Topic 3: Safety Features
Some baby gates have additional safety features, such as anti-tip brackets or locking hinges. These features can help prevent accidents and make the gate more secure.

Section 3: Choosing the Right Baby Gate

Topic 1: Consider Your Home's Layout
Before purchasing a baby gate, consider the layout of your home. If you have multiple doors and openings, you may need to purchase multiple gates.

Topic 2: Think About Your Lifestyle
Consider how you plan to use the baby gate. If you need a gate that can be easily moved around, a pressure-mounted gate may be the best option. If you want a more permanent solution, a hardware-mounted gate may be better.

Topic 3: Check for Safety Standards
Make sure the baby gate you choose meets all safety standards and guidelines set by the Juvenile Products Manufacturers Association (JPMA).

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the different types of baby gates, their features, and how to choose the right one for your home. By understanding these factors, you can ensure that your baby or toddler is safe and secure in your home.

Glossary:
- Hardware mounted gates: baby gates that are installed by attaching them to the doorframe or wall
- Pressure mounted gates: baby gates that are placed between two surfaces and held in place by pressure from the gate
- Playard gates: baby gates designed to fit around a playard or bassinet
- Width: the horizontal dimension of a baby gate
- Height: the vertical dimension of a baby gate
- Locking mechanism: a feature that keeps the gate securely closed
- Anti-tip brackets: a safety feature that prevents the gate from tipping over
- Locking hinges: a safety feature that prevents the gate from being opened beyond a certain angle.


text: Tekirdag Istanbul road map is an important to complete our driving and travel plan. Our Tekirdag to Istanbul route map consist of hotels, tourist places, en route places, highway numbers and surrounding places. Tekirdag to Istanbul route is marked in blue color, the starting point is marked with the lable A and destination points marked with lable B.. tekirdag istanbul road map -

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read a Map

### Introduction

A map is a visual representation of an area that shows physical and human features. It is an essential tool for navigation and travel planning. In this lesson, we will learn how to read a map, including understanding symbols, following routes, and interpreting distances.

### Section 1: Understanding Symbols on a Map

A map uses various symbols to represent different features. Some common symbols include:

- Roads: Highways are represented by thicker lines, while smaller roads are shown with thinner lines.
- Buildings: These are usually represented by squares or rectangles.
- Parks and forests: These are shown with green shading.
- Water bodies: Rivers, lakes, and oceans are shown with blue lines or colors.
- Mountains and hills: These are shown with brown or green shades.

It is essential to understand these symbols to interpret the map correctly.

### Section 2: Following Routes on a Map

To follow a route on a map, you need to understand the direction of the route and the distance between stops. Here are some steps to follow:

1. Identify the starting point and destination on the map.
2. Follow the route marked on the map, paying attention to the direction of the route.
3. Keep track of the distance covered and the remaining distance to the destination.
4. Use landmarks and other features on the map to navigate accurately.

### Section 3: Interpreting Distances on a Map

Maps use scales to represent distances between locations. The scale is usually represented as a ratio, such as 1:50,000, which means that one unit of measurement on the map represents 50,000 units in reality. To interpret distances on a map, you can use the following steps:

1. Locate the starting point and destination on the map.
2. Measure the distance between the two points using the scale provided.
3. Convert the measured distance into the actual distance using the scale ratio.

### Glossary

- Map: A visual representation of an area that shows physical and human features.
- Symbols: Representations of different features on a map, such as roads, buildings, parks, water bodies, and mountains.
- Route: A path or course taken to reach a destination.
- Scale: A ratio that represents the relationship between the distance on a map and the actual distance in reality.

### Conclusion

Understanding how to read a map is a valuable skill for navigating and travel planning. By learning how to interpret symbols, follow routes, and measure distances, you can use maps effectively to plan your trips and reach your destinations.


text: (. Background Late atrial reentry tachycardia (AT) after Fontan repair is common, with limited efficacy of medical therapy in preventing AT recurrence. In this study, two approaches to surgical arrhythmia ablation in patients with refractory AT undergoing Fontan revision are compared: cryoablation of the inferomedial right atrium (RA), and a more extensive modified RA maze procedure designed to eliminate all potential RA reentrant circuits.. This article has been cited by other articles:

textbook:
Lesson: Comparison of Surgical Arrhythmia Ablation Techniques for Refractory Late Atrial Reentry Tachycardia After Fontan Repair

**Introduction:**

Late atrial reentry tachycardia (AT) is a common problem after Fontan repair, and medical therapy is often not effective in preventing recurrence. In this study, two surgical arrhythmia ablation techniques were compared in patients with refractory AT undergoing Fontan revision: cryoablation of the inferomedial right atrium (RA) and a more extensive modified RA maze procedure designed to eliminate all potential RA reentrant circuits.

**Section 1: Cryoablation of the Inferomedial Right Atrium (RA)**

Cryoablation involves the use of extreme cold to destroy tissue. In the context of AT, cryoablation was performed in the inferomedial RA. This approach is less invasive than the modified RA maze procedure and may be appropriate for patients with fewer symptoms or those who are not candidates for a more extensive procedure.

**Questions and Answers:**

1. What is cryoablation?
2. Where in the RA was cryoablation performed?
3. Why might cryoablation be chosen over a more extensive procedure?

**Section 2: Modified RA Maze Procedure**

The modified RA maze procedure is a more extensive surgical intervention designed to eliminate all potential RA reentrant circuits. This approach involves creating multiple connections between the RA, LA, and pulmonary artery, as well as dividing the RA into multiple chambers.

**Questions and Answers:**

1. What is the modified RA maze procedure?
2. How does it differ from the cryoablation approach?
3. What are the benefits and risks of this procedure?

**Section 3: Comparing the Two Techniques**

Both cryoablation and the modified RA maze procedure have advantages and disadvantages. Cryoablation is less invasive and may be appropriate for patients with fewer symptoms or those who are not candidates for a more extensive procedure. However, it may not be as effective as the modified RA maze procedure in eliminating all potential RA reentrant circuits. The modified RA maze procedure is more extensive and carries a higher risk of complications, but it may provide better long-term results for patients with more severe AT.

**Conclusion:**

In conclusion, understanding the differences between these two surgical arrhythmia ablation techniques can help clinicians make informed decisions about which approach to take in patients with refractory AT after Fontan repair. While both techniques have their advantages and disadvantages, the choice ultimately depends on the patient's individual needs and the severity of their AT.

**Glossary:**

- Cryoablation: A technique that uses extreme cold to destroy tissue
- Inferomedial RA: The region of the right atrium near the heart's inferior and posterior walls
- Modified RA maze procedure: A surgical intervention designed to eliminate all potential RA reentrant circuits
- Reentrant circuits: Abnormal electrical pathways in the heart that cause arrhythmias

**Table:**

| Technique | Approach | Benefits | Risks |
|------------|----------|-----------|--------|
| Cryoablation | Less invasive | May be appropriate for patients with fewer symptoms | May not be as effective as the modified RA maze procedure |
| Modified RA maze procedure | More extensive | May provide better long-term results for patients with more severe AT | Carries a higher risk of complications |

**Self-Debate:**

Which technique would you choose for a patient with refractory AT after Fontan repair? Why?


text: * 1.75" x 1.75" x 0.125" wall 6063 Aluminum Square Tube or 2" x 2" x 0.1875" wall 6061 Aluminum Square Tube for the primary longitudinal member (about 78" long) and for a short (~10") piece that will attached to the main member by a 3/8" bolt as a pivot point and to which will be attached a fork skewer like this:. Note: an 8' piece of the 6063 sq. tube is $57 at Metalsdepot, but the 6061 is $91.. * 1.25" X 1.25" X 0.125" 6063-T52 Aluminum Arch. Channel (Sharp Corner) for the wheeltray. I'll buy a 2' piece of this ($10.00) and attach about 10" of it to the main member as a place for the rear wheel to rest. Since I buy positive/negative velcro straps in continuous 1000' rolls for general purpose stuff, so I'll just use about a 12" piece of same and use it to keep the rear wheel secured in the tray.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering

Chapter 1: Properties of Materials

1.1 What are materials?
Materials are substances used to make up objects, structures, and devices. They can be natural or synthetic, and can have different properties such as strength, flexibility, and durability.

1.2 Types of materials
There are four main types of materials: metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites. Metals are usually strong and hard, while polymers are lightweight and flexible. Ceramics are brittle and hard, and composites combine the properties of two or more materials.

1.3 Properties of materials
The properties of materials depend on their composition and structure. Some important properties include strength, ductility, toughness, corrosion resistance, and thermal conductivity.

1.4 How do materials fail?
Materials can fail due to various reasons such as fatigue, corrosion, and excessive stress. Understanding the causes of failure is important in designing and selecting materials for specific applications.

1.5 Examples of materials
Examples of materials include aluminum, steel, plastic, glass, and concrete. Each material has its own unique properties and applications.

Conclusion:
Understanding the properties and behavior of materials is essential in engineering and design. By studying materials science, we can learn how to select the appropriate materials for specific applications and design structures that are safe, efficient, and durable.


text: Barstow College. Barstow College, established in 1959, is in the Mojave region of San Bernardino County, approximately 120 miles from both Los Angeles and Las Vegas. The college serves the communities of Barstow, Lenwood, Newberry Springs, Daggett, Yermo, Hinkley, Ludlow and Baker. The college also provides on-site programs to military personnel at the U.S. Army National Training Center, Ft. Irwin, and to off-campus students through a large online program. Recognizing that students have varying learning styles, have preferences for particular learning formats, or have extremely tight schedules, students at BCC can enroll in online classes, traditional “live” classes, or hybrid classes.. District:. Barstow. Students:. 4,653. County:. San Bernardino

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Barstow College

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Barstow College is a community college located in California, United States. It was established in 1959 and serves several communities in the Mojave region of San Bernardino County. The college offers various learning formats to its students, including online classes, traditional “live” classes, and hybrid classes. This lesson will provide an overview of Barstow College, its history, location, and the types of classes it offers.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

To understand the importance of Barstow College, let's consider a few practical examples:

1. If you live in the Mojave region of San Bernardino County and want to pursue higher education without leaving your home, Barstow College offers online classes that you can take from anywhere in the world.

2. If you are a member of the US Army National Training Center, Ft. Irwin, you can enroll in on-site programs at Barstow College to further your education while serving your country.

3. If you have a busy schedule and cannot attend traditional “live” classes, Barstow College offers hybrid classes that combine online learning with face-to-face instruction, giving you the flexibility to learn at your own pace.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

Self-debating discussions are an essential part of critical thinking. Let's consider some questions related to Barstow College:

1. Why is Barstow College important to the Mojave region of San Bernardino County?

2. How does Barstow College cater to the needs of military personnel?

3. What are the advantages of taking online classes at Barstow College?

## Glossary

- Community college: A type of college that provides two years of higher education in a variety of subjects leading to the Associate's degree.
- Learning formats: The different ways in which students can learn, such as online classes, traditional “live” classes, and hybrid classes.
- Hybrid classes: Classes that combine online learning with face-to-face instruction.

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about Barstow College, its history, location, and the types of classes it offers. We also explored practical examples of how Barstow College caters to the needs of its students and engaged in self-debating discussions to improve our critical thinking skills. By understanding the importance of Barstow College, we can apply these skills to new problems and challenges.


text:
Only four days into training camp, Baltimore Ravens safety Patrick Onwuasor had already found himself in the headlines twice, but not for good reasons. On the first day of practice, the safety shoved running back Kenneth Dixon out of bounds. Dixon was injured on the play and wasn’t seen at practice for several days.

The next day, Onwuasor got into a fight with running back ‘Buck’ Allen. And on Sunday, August July 31, Onwuasor got into a fight again, this time with fullback Kyle Juzczyk.

While Onwuasor has been in the news for bad reasons, he has never been to be known a head hunter, so his intention would seem pure:

Being a free agent, you’ve got to find a way to find your role as part of the team, and that’s probably going to be my role, being one of the aggressive, blue-collar players that Coach Harbaugh likes,” Onwuasor said. “When we get back in the locker room we’re like brothers and family.”

Onwuasor has no precedent of being a dirty player. In fact, he is an extremely kind hearted guy.

In the summer of 2015, Onwuasor met Deric Tomkins at Mt. Hood Kiwanis Camp. The camp is located in Portland, Oregon, and is designed for people with disabilities. Tomkins is 36 years old and was born with Down syndrome. Tomkins’ mother was anxious when she saw the a football player would be her son’s counselor, but upon meeting Onwuasor, her view changed completely.

‘Patrick showed genuine interest in Deric,’ she says ‘He asked questions about Deric and Deric's personal life. I felt a genuine caring. He wasn't doing this as a volunteer thing, and then getting on with his life. He cared.’

Onwuasor formed a special bond with Deric. Deric came home raving about how much fun he had. He decided he wanted to attend the Portland State football games to see Onwuasor play. The Tomkins’ family bought seats right near the tunnel, and Onwuasor was thrilled to see them at the game.

The Tomkins’ went to every home game in 2015, sitting in the same seats by the tunnel every game. One game, Onwuasor gave Deric his gloves. Deric never took them off, not even to go to a Special Olympics soccer practice (via Ken Goe of The Oregonian).

Onwuasor is also special on the field. He recorded nine interceptions in just seven games, including one game with three picks.

Onwuasor is a playmaker. He patrols the secondary, always ready to create a turnover, and he delivers truck-like hits. The Ravens have fielded hard hitting, playmaking safeties before and they worked out pretty well (I think this guy named Ed Reed was pretty good).

That’s not to say that Onwuasor is Reed, that is an unfair comparison to make, but he possesses the potential to be a pretty good player. He is tough on the field, which Ravens head coach John Harbaugh loves, but he is also a good guy to have in the locker room.

Onwuasor’s relationship with Deric shows a good hearted player, so in all liklihood his actions at Ravens training camp are purely from the heat of competition. Onwuasor doesn't want to be a dirty player, he just wants to make the 53 man roster and if it takes being a ‘blue-chip player’, then thats the role he will play.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Being Aggressive in Sports

Introduction:
In sports, being aggressive can be a double-edged sword. On one hand, it can help you win games by intimidating opponents and taking control of the game. On the other hand, it can lead to penalties, injuries, and even ejections. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of being aggressive in sports and how it can benefit athletes.

Section 1: What is Aggression in Sports?
Aggression in sports refers to the act of playing with a high level of intensity and competitiveness. It involves physical and mental efforts to dominate the opponent and achieve victory. Aggressive players are often seen as leaders on their teams because they inspire others to play with the same level of intensity.

Section 2: The Benefits of Being Aggressive in Sports
There are several benefits to being aggressive in sports. These include:

1. Intimidation: When you play with aggression, you can intimidate your opponents. This can make them nervous and less likely to perform at their best.

2. Control of the Game: Aggressive players often take control of the game by dictating the pace and style of play. They can force their opponents to adjust their strategy to match their own.

3. Confidence: Playing with aggression can increase your confidence. When you believe in yourself and your abilities, you are more likely to take risks and make big plays.

4. Winning: Ultimately, the goal of sports is to win. By playing with aggression, you can increase your chances of coming out on top.

Section 3: Examples of Aggressive Players
There are many examples of aggressive players in sports. Some of these include:

1. LeBron James: Known for his intense dunks and physical play, James is one of the most aggressive players in the NBA.

2. Lionel Messi: The soccer star is known for his aggressive style of play, often dribbling past multiple defenders before scoring a goal.

3. Tom Brady: The NFL quarterback is famous for his competitive nature and aggressive approach to the game.

Section 4: Conclusion
In conclusion, being aggressive in sports can be beneficial if done in a controlled manner. It can help you intimidate opponents, take control of the game, and increase your confidence. However, it is essential to play within the rules and avoid injuries or penalties. By understanding the importance of being aggressive in sports, athletes can improve their performance and achieve success on the field.

Glossary:
- Aggression: The act of playing with high intensity and competitiveness.
- Intimidation: The act of making someone nervous or afraid.
- Control: The ability to influence or direct the course of something.
- Confidence: A feeling of self-assurance and trust in one's abilities.
- Winning: Achieving victory in a competition or game.

Self-Debate:
Is being aggressive in sports always beneficial?

Yes, because it can help you intimidate opponents, take control of the game, and increase your confidence. However, it is essential to play within the rules and avoid injuries or penalties.

No, because aggression can sometimes lead to unnecessary penalties and injuries. It is crucial to find a balance between being aggressive and playing within the rules.

Conclusion:
Overall, being aggressive in sports can be beneficial if done in a controlled manner. It can help you intimidate opponents, take control of the game, and increase your confidence. However, it is essential to play within the rules and avoid injuries or penalties. By understanding the importance of being aggressive in sports, athletes can improve their performance and achieve success on the field.


text: Practicing The Moon’s Nodes. A Churning Process of the Soul first published in 2004 expands on the nodes in synastry and their roles in our relationships. It presents the Hindu myths related to the nodes with an emphasis on the goddesses as consorts to the male deities and how their stories connect to the Lunar nodes.. Borstein presents the fundamental facts about the Moon’s Nodes and includes a discussion of the True and Mean Node and information on the nodal cycle in transit, natal signs and houses of the nodes and their meaning, especially in how to move from the wounded soul, represented by the South Node, to higher consciousness, represented by the North Node.. Includes a fascinating synastry study of Angelina, our modern day goddess, and her consort Brad Pitt with an interpretation of the ties that knot them together.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Lunar Nodes in Astrology
Introduction:
The lunar nodes are two points in astrology that represent the intersection of the Moon's orbit around the Earth and the Sun's orbit around the Earth. These points are called the North Node and the South Node, and they are considered to be very important in understanding one's personal growth and evolution. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of the lunar nodes, their significance in astrology, and how they can help us understand our relationships and life paths.
Section 1: The Basics of the Lunar Nodes
The lunar nodes are two points in space where the paths of the Moon and the Sun intersect. They are also known as the Dragon's Head and Tail, representing the beginning and end of the Moon's orbit around the Earth. The North Node represents our future, while the South Node represents our past.
Section 2: The Significance of the Lunar Nodes in Astrology
In astrology, the lunar nodes are considered to be very important in understanding one's personal growth and evolution. They represent the path that we are meant to take in life, and the challenges that we must overcome to reach our full potential. The North Node represents our destiny, while the South Node represents our karma.
Section 3: Understanding the Lunar Nodes in Synastry
In synastry, the study of relationships between two people, the lunar nodes can provide insight into the dynamics between partners. When two people have complementary lunar nodes, they may be drawn to each other because they balance each other out. For example, if one person has a North Node in Cancer and the other has a South Node in Cancer, they may be drawn to each other because they both need nurturing and emotional support.
Section 4: Practical Examples Using Mathematical Abstractions and Real-World Scenarios
Let's consider an example of how the lunar nodes can be used in astrology. Suppose someone has their North Node in Leo and their South Node in Aquarius. This means that they are meant to express themselves creatively and passionately, but they may struggle with feeling like they don't fit in or belong. In their relationships, they may be drawn to people who are eccentric or unconventional, but they may also struggle with feeling like they don't understand them.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the lunar nodes are an important aspect of astrology that can help us understand our personal growth and evolution. By understanding the North Node as our future and the South Node as our past, we can gain insight into our life path and the challenges that we must overcome. By studying the lunar nodes in synastry, we can gain insight into the dynamics of our relationships. By using practical examples, we can see how the lunar nodes can be applied in real-world scenarios. By applying these principles, we can learn to better understand ourselves and those around us.


text: It is a very versatile light/fan for both camping and emergency situations. The light is very bright and will illuminate a camper or a small room in your home. The fan moves the air adequately to keep you cool in the heat when your power is off.. Simply hang the Happy Camper Deluxe Camping Combo LED Lantern and Fan from your tent or shelter, or stand it on its base and have the benefit even as. Why you wish to have this great camping gear: Spending a night outdoors is something everyone must experience. So you need something to help you see at night. A lantern is super useful for camping so You’ll be able to make your way around the campsite and your tent easily in the dead of night.. Versatile light/fan: Ultra Bright 18 individual low powered LED bulbs. The fan has high and low settings to provide nice air circulation and lit up the tent nicely. You’ll be able to orient in such a lot of). Reviews. There are no reviews yet.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Choose the Right Camping Gear
Introduction:
Camping is an outdoor activity that involves staying overnight in a natural environment. It is a fun way to disconnect from the hustle and bustle of city life and reconnect with nature. However, to have a comfortable and enjoyable camping experience, you need to have the right camping gear. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of camping gear, the different types of camping gear available, and how to choose the right camping gear for your next camping trip.
Types of Camping Gear:
There are several types of camping gear that you can choose from. These include:
1. Tents - These are the most important piece of camping gear. They provide shelter from the elements and protect you from wildlife.
2. Sleeping bags - These are used to sleep comfortably while camping. They come in different sizes and insulation levels.
3. Sleeping pads - These are used to insulate you from the cold ground while sleeping.
4. Backpacks - These are used to carry all your gear while hiking.
5. Headlamps - These are used to provide light while camping.
6. Camp stoves - These are used to cook food while camping.
7. Coolers - These are used to keep food and drinks cold while camping.
Importance of Camping Gear:
The right camping gear can make or break your camping experience. Here are some reasons why camping gear is important:
1. Comfort - The right camping gear can make your camping trip more comfortable. For example, a good sleeping bag can make your sleep more comfortable.
2. Safety - The right camping gear can also keep you safe while camping. For example, a good tent can protect you from the elements and wildlife.
3. Convenience - The right camping gear can make your camping trip more convenient. For example, a backpack with good shoulder straps can make it easier to carry your gear.
How to Choose the Right Camping Gear:
Choosing the right camping gear can be overwhelming. Here are some tips to help you choose the right camping gear:
1. Determine your needs - Before buying camping gear, determine what you need. For example, if you are going on a camping trip in a warm climate, you may not need a heavy-duty sleeping bag.
2. Research - Once you know what you need, research the different options available. Read reviews and compare prices to find the best option for your needs.
3. Quality - Choose gear that is durable and high quality. It may cost more upfront, but it will last longer and save you money in the long run.
4. Budget - Consider your budget when choosing camping gear. You don't need to spend a lot of money to have a great camping experience, but you should choose gear that is affordable and within your budget.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, having the right camping gear can make your camping experience more comfortable, safe, and convenient. By following the tips in this lesson, you can choose the right camping gear for your next camping trip.


text: . War Eagle Resort offers all the services for an enjoyable float trip on the Illinois River. Rentals are available for 17...Learn More. Situated in the foothills of the Ozark Mountains, the Cherokee Hills Scenic Byway is a showcase of eastern...Learn More. All American Floats in Tahlequah is located along the Illinois River and can provide all of the fun you can handle...Learn More. Falcon Floats is an outfitter for float trips on the Illinois River, offering trips ranging from 1 1/2 hours to 2 days....Learn More. The J.T. Nickel Family Nature & Wildlife Preserve is the largest privately protected conservation area in the... Noted for its beauty, the scenic Illinois River is nestled in the heart of the Oklahoma Ozark Hills. The Upper Illinois...Learn More. An off-the-beaten path swimming hole, Bathtub Rock allows for a peaceful respite among Tahlequah nature. This secluded,...Learn More

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to the Illinois River

## Overview

In this lesson, we will explore the Illinois River, a beautiful waterway located in the United States. We will learn about its history, geography, and the various activities that one can engage in while visiting the river.

## Section 1: Introduction

The Illinois River is a 439-mile-long river that flows through the states of Michigan, Indiana, and Illinois. It is a major tributary of the Mississippi River, which eventually drains into the Gulf of Mexico. The river got its name from the Illiniwek Confederation, an indigenous tribe that once inhabited the region.

## Section 2: Geography

The Illinois River flows through the Great Lakes Region, and it is the largest river in the state of Illinois. The river's source is located in southern Michigan, and it flows southward through the cities of Peoria, Springfield, and Havana before joining the Mississippi River near St. Louis, Missouri.

## Section 3: Activities

The Illinois River is a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts. Some of the activities that one can engage in while visiting the river include:

1. Fishing: The river is home to various species of fish, such as catfish, bass, and walleye, making it an ideal spot for anglers.

2. Boating: The river is navigable for most of its length, and there are several marinas and boat launches along its banks.

3. Swimming: There are several swimming holes along the river, where one can cool off during hot summer days.

4. Hiking: The river is surrounded by lush forests and rolling hills, providing an excellent setting for hiking enthusiasts.

5. Wildlife viewing: The river and its surrounding areas are home to various wildlife species, including deer, turkey, and bald eagles.

## Section 4: Conclusion

In conclusion, the Illinois River is a beautiful and diverse waterway that offers numerous activities for outdoor enthusiasts. Whether you are interested in fishing, boating, swimming, hiking, or wildlife viewing, the Illinois River has something to offer for everyone. So, if you find yourself in the Midwest, be sure to check out this magnificent river.

## Glossary

- Illinois River: A 439-mile-long river that flows through Michigan, Indiana, and Illinois.
- Great Lakes Region: A region in the United States that includes the Great Lakes.
- Mississippi River: A major river in the United States that drains into the Gulf of Mexico.
- Indigenous tribe: A group of people who inhabit a particular region and have a historical continuity with it.
- Marinas: A docking place for boats.
- Boat launches: A site where boats can be launched into a body of water.


text: Vertical Integration of Channel. Wheat seeks to maximize the value of real estate by applying its vertically integrated expertise across all investment disciplines – sourcing, acquiring, maximizing value and monetizing – all with its in-house, best-in-class operating team. Our firm shares a commitment to sourcing and screening high-quality investment opportunities through our rigorous due diligence process, creating value through an intense hands-on approach and monetizing that value creation through an efficient, disciplined exit process.

textbook:
Lesson: Vertical Integration in Real Estate Investment

## Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about vertical integration in real estate investment. Vertical integration is a strategy where a company owns or controls all stages of production and distribution of a product or service. In real estate investment, this means that the same company controls all aspects of the investment process, from sourcing and acquiring properties to managing and selling them. This approach can lead to increased efficiency, cost savings, and better control over the investment process.

## Section 1: Understanding Vertical Integration

### Topic 1: What is Vertical Integration?
Vertical integration is a strategy where a company owns or controls all stages of production and distribution of a product or service. In real estate investment, this means that the same company controls all aspects of the investment process, from sourcing and acquiring properties to managing and selling them.

### Topic 2: Why is Vertical Integration Important in Real Estate Investment?
Vertical integration is important in real estate investment because it allows the investor to have more control over the entire investment process. By controlling all aspects of the investment, the investor can ensure that the property is managed efficiently, leading to higher returns on investment. Additionally, vertical integration can lead to cost savings, as the investor does not have to rely on third-party vendors for services such as property management.

### Topic 3: How does Vertical Integration Work in Real Estate Investment?
Vertical integration works in real estate investment by having the same company control all aspects of the investment process. This includes sourcing and acquiring properties, managing them, and eventually selling them. By having in-house experts in each area, the investor can ensure that the property is managed efficiently and that costs are kept low.

## Section 2: Applying Vertical Integration in Real Estate Investment

### Topic 1: Sourcing and Acquiring Properties
One of the most important aspects of vertical integration is sourcing and acquiring properties. This involves finding properties that meet the investor's criteria and negotiating the purchase price. By having in-house experts who specialize in this area, the investor can ensure that they are getting the best deals on properties.

### Topic 2: Managing Properties
Once a property has been acquired, it needs to be managed efficiently to maximize returns on investment. This involves everything from collecting rent to maintaining the property and dealing with tenants. By having an in-house property management team, the investor can ensure that the property is being managed efficiently and that costs are kept low.

### Topic 3: Monetizing Value
The final step in the vertical integration process is to monetize the value created through the investment. This involves selling the property when the time is right to maximize returns on investment. By having an in-house team of experts who specialize in this area, the investor can ensure that they are getting the best possible price for the property.

## Section 3: Practical Examples

### Example 1: A real estate investment firm decides to vertically integrate its operations by acquiring a property management company. This allows the firm to control all aspects of the investment process, from sourcing and acquiring properties to managing and selling them. By doing so, the firm can ensure that the properties are managed efficiently, leading to higher returns on investment.

### Example 2: A developer decides to vertically integrate its operations by building and managing a mixed-use development. This allows the developer to have complete control over the design, construction, and management of the project. By doing so, the developer can ensure that the project is completed on time and on budget, leading to higher returns on investment.

## Glossary
- Vertical Integration: A strategy where a company owns or controls all stages of production and distribution of a product or service.
- Real Estate Investment: The process of investing money in real estate in the hopes of earning a profit.
- Investor: A person or entity that invests money in an attempt to gain a profit.
- Property Management: The process of overseeing and managing real estate assets.
- Return on Investment (ROI): A measure of the efficiency of an investment in terms of the return it generates compared to the investment's cost.

## Conclusion
In conclusion, vertical integration is an important strategy in real estate investment that allows the investor to have more control over the entire investment process. By controlling all aspects of the investment, the investor can ensure that the property is managed efficiently, leading to higher returns on investment. By applying the principles of vertical integration, investors can maximize their returns on investment and create value for their stakeholders.


text: Democracy At Work Institute, U.S. Federation of Worker Cooperatives. First published December 2018.. This latest set of data illustrates modest but steady growth and reflects our growing knowledge of existing firms. Still, the worker-owned businesses continue to enter startup operations at a rate of about 25 new firms per year, in addition to the growth of converted businesses.. The 2017 Worker Cooperative State of the Sector includes an updated map of metro areas with a concentration of worker cooperatives, along with a breakdown of business number totals in the top 15 states. Most notable is the inclusion of 50 confirmed worker cooperatives in Puerto Rico, which greatly adds to the overall number of confirmed worker cooperatives and democratic workplaces. Additionally, the data shows a rise in female-identifying workers, and a consistent pay of 2-to-1, which far outstrips conventional businesses.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Worker Cooperatives

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Worker cooperatives are businesses that are owned and operated by their workers. They are democratically managed and controlled, with each worker having an equal say in decision-making. This type of business model is based on the principles of democracy, equality, and fairness.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
One example of a worker cooperative is the Evergreen Cooperatives in Cleveland, Ohio. This cooperative consists of several businesses, including a greenhouse, a laundry, and a solar power company. The workers of these businesses own and operate them, and they share profits based on the amount of time they work.

Another example is the Northstar Mutual Housing in Madison, Wisconsin. This housing cooperative is owned and operated by its residents, who live there as members of the cooperative. They share responsibilities such as maintenance and decision-making, and they also share profits based on the amount of time they live there.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Worker cooperatives can be found in many industries, including manufacturing, food production, and service industries. They can range in size from small businesses with just a few workers to large corporations with thousands of employees. In all cases, the workers have a say in how the business is run and how profits are distributed.

## Glossary
- Co-op: Short for "cooperative," this refers to a business that is owned and operated by its members.
- Democracy: A system of government in which power is held by the people, either directly or through elected representatives.
- Equality: The state of being equal, especially in terms of rights and opportunities.
- Fairness: The quality of being impartial and treating all people equally.
- Mutual Housing: A type of housing cooperative in which residents own their own units and share responsibilities such as maintenance and decision-making.

## Conclusion
Worker cooperatives are an important part of our economy, providing jobs and services while promoting democracy, equality, and fairness. By understanding the principles behind worker cooperatives and exploring real-world examples, we can gain a deeper appreciation for this unique business model and its potential to create a more just and sustainable society.


text:
Rational fabrication of graphene nanoribbons using a nanowire etch mask.
We report a rational approach to fabricate graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with sub-10 nm width by employing chemically synthesized nanowires as the physical protection mask in oxygen plasma etch. Atomic force microscopy study shows that the patterns of the resulted nanoribbons replicate exactly those of mask nanowires so that ribbons or branched or crossed graphene nanostructures can be produced. Our study shows a linear scaling relation between the resulted GNR widths and mask nanowire diameters with variable slopes for different etching times. GNRs with controllable widths down to 6 nm have been demonstrated. We have fabricated GNR field effect transistors (FETs) with nanoribbons directly connected to bulk graphene electrodes. Electrical measurements on an 8 nm GNR-FET show room temperature transistor behavior with an on/off ratio around 160, indicating appreciable band gaps arise due to lateral confinement. We find the on/off ratio in the log scale inversely scales with ribbon width. This approach opens a new avenue to graphene nanoribbons and other graphene nanostructures in the deep nanometer regime without sophisticated lithography. It thus opens exciting new opportunities for graphene nanodevice engineering.

textbook:
Lesson: Fabrication of Graphene Nanoribbons using a Nanowire Etch Mask
Introduction:
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are narrow strips of graphene with unique electronic properties that make them attractive for various applications such as electronics, sensors, and energy storage devices. In this lesson, we will learn about a rational approach to fabricate GNRs with sub-10 nm width using chemically synthesized nanowires as the physical protection mask in oxygen plasma etch.
Materials and Equipment:
- Graphene
- Chemically synthesized nanowires
- Oxygen plasma etch system
- Atomic force microscope (AFM)
- Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
- Electrochemical workstation
- Graphene electrodes
- Variable slopes
- Electrical measurement equipment
Procedure:
1. Prepare the graphene sample by exfoliating graphite into single or few layers of graphene.
2. Synthesize the nanowires using chemical methods such as seed-mediated growth or hydrothermal synthesis.
3. Deposit the nanowires onto the graphene sample using techniques such as drop casting or spin coating.
4. Place the graphene sample with nanowires into the oxygen plasma etch system and etch the graphene for the desired length of time.
5. Use AFM to measure the width of the etched GNRs and compare them to the diameter of the nanowires used as the etch mask.
6. Use SEM to observe the morphology of the GNRs and ensure that they are of the desired shape.
7. Fabricate GNR field effect transistors (FETs) by connecting the nanoribbons directly to the bulk graphene electrodes.
8. Perform electrical measurements on the GNR-FETs to evaluate their performance.
Conclusion:
By using chemically synthesized nanowires as the etch mask in oxygen plasma etch, we can fabricate GNRs with sub-10 nm widths with controllable widths down to 6 nm. This approach allows for the production of ribbons, branched, or crossed graphene nanostructures. The linear scaling relation between the resulted GNR widths and mask nanowire diameters with variable slopes for different etching times demonstrates the precision and control over the fabrication process. The GNR-FETs show room temperature transistor behavior with an on/off ratio around 160, indicating appreciable band gaps arise due to lateral confinement. This approach can be applied to fabricate other graphene nanostructures for various applications in electronics, sensors, and energy storage devices.
Glossary:
- Graphene: A single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice.
- Nanowires: Long, thin, and cylindrical structures with dimensions typically ranging from 1-100 nm.
- Oxygen plasma etch: A process that uses reactive oxygen species to selectively remove material from a surface.
- Atomic force microscope (AFM): A scanning probe microscope that measures the forces between a probing tip and the sample surface.
- Scanning electron microscope (SEM): A microscope that uses a focused electron beam to produce images of surfaces.
- Electrochemical workstation: An instrument that combines electrochemistry and electrochemical analysis techniques.
- Graphene electrodes: Electrodes made from graphene that can be used to transport charge carriers.
- Variable slopes: A mathematical concept that describes how the rate of change of one quantity varies with another quantity.
- Electrical measurement equipment: Devices used to measure electrical properties such as voltage, current, and resistance.