text:
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Dom 'Furious' George: So many years, so many killed

Dom is Jamie Mackay's reluctant sidekick and long-suffering verbal punching bag. When he's not being abused at work he's being abused at home by his wife and kids. His cheery disposition is further enhanced by the fact that he has to get up at 4 am every day to host The Country Early Edition on Radio Sport. (5-6 am Tue-Sat). Tune in...if you dare.

Whether you were working the land, attending dawn services or simply relaxing on Anzac Day, I'm sure most of you stopped at least once and contemplated the reason for the public holiday.

The day has become increasingly important for our fledgling little nation as we, like all countries, reflect on our sense of identity. For me, it was genuinely relaxing - watching war documentaries and movies on Netflix. And no, for the younger, more savvy readers - I'm married; Netflix and chill sadly means actually putting your feet up in front of the telly.

However, watching the news coverage of the day (including The Country correspondent David Broome and his 12-year-old offspring engaging in their own verbal offensive against a group of peace protesters) and hearing our politicians speak of the commemorations, it struck me how much of the Gallipoli campaign has become about dates and numbers.

So many years, so many decades, so many killed, so many wounded. History, as some assume, is not the study of dates and times; it's about gathering information from primary sources and trying to understand why particular events occurred and perhaps even detecting certain patterns in human behaviour that may prove useful for future generations.

Naturally dates are important, as are numbers, but they're not the imperative of history.

We seem fixated on comparing the number of dead in one battle to the number of dead in others, even pitting war casualties against airplane and earthquake casualties, for example, although to what end I'm unsure. That approach to me seems utterly pointless.

In fact, simply reeling off a few numbers without any sort of context is a sure way to dull the point that's trying to be made, rather than engaging people with the lessons to be learned from events such as Gallipoli. Understanding why it happened, what actually took place and what affect it had, both immediate and long-term, is of infinitely more use to us than a body count.

A couple of years ago Jamie Mackay and I decided we would like to host an ANZAC Day show on Newstalk ZB. Permission was granted from those who grant permissions for such things and The Digger's Breakfast became a reality.

We divvied up the interviews between us - he took the Prime Minister and our Australian Correspondent Chris Russell, among others, while I was to call on the expertise of historians Professor Tom Brooking from Otago University and the Curator of the Toitu Settlers Museum in Dunedin Sean Brosnahan.

Sadly, the shoelace tying the Auckland studio to Dunedin must have snapped in the night and we were beset by that old worn-out phrase used by broadcasters when things go tits-up - "technical difficulties". Unfortunately not all the interviews made it to air but I decided I'd resurface them this year on The Country Early Edition. And listening to them again, I once again appreciated the stories that can be gleaned from the likes of old documents and photographs, along with the first-hand accounts of those present.

Professor Brooking told the story of Alexander Aitken and his violin; an inspiring tale about one of New Zealand's greatest mathematicians, who would go on to work with the team that cracked the Enigma code, and whose cabin mate won the instrument en route to Gallipoli. As he couldn't play it, he gave it to Aitken who entertained the troops virtually every night of the campaign to take their minds off what they'd endured that day and what was surely to come the next. Such was Aitken's proficiency, he would eventually play with the London Philharmonic Orchestra and also pen one of the most detailed and important accounts of New Zealand's WWI effort, 'From Gallipoli to the Somme'.

Sean Brosnahan spoke of many diary entries from the Peninsula that were unusually positive. Unlike the Western Front, dozens of soldiers told of the physical beauty of the environment, especially the spectacular sunsets over the Aegean Sea. For the more educated members of the Anzac forces, the Classical nature of their locale was certainly not lost on them either; after all, Troy was just down the road.

But perhaps the most unassuming story I've come across recently has nothing to do with bullets and bayonets but relates directly to our Anzac commemorations. As Ron Palenski explains in his 2010 book, 'On This Day in NZ', poppies are traditionally used to mark Armistice Day, the date on which the First World War officially ended. But back in 1921 the shipment of poppies from France was delayed, thwarting the RSA's plans to promote the wearing of poppies on November 11.

They made the pragmatic decision to hold them over until the New Year and dish them out on April 25, Anzac Day. Now there's a story.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Remembering Our Anzacs

Introduction:
Anzac Day is a national day of remembrance in Australia and New Zealand, commemorating the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps who fought at Gallipoli in 1915 during World War I. It is observed on April 25th each year. In this lesson, we will explore the significance of Anzac Day and why it is essential to remember our veterans.

Section 1: Understanding the Significance of Anzac Day

Question: What is Anzac Day?
Answer: Anzac Day is a national day of remembrance in Australia and New Zealand, commemorating the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps who fought at Gallipoli in 1915 during World War I.

Question: Why is Anzac Day significant?
Answer: Anzac Day is significant because it honors the men and women who have served and continue to serve in the Australian and New Zealand military. It is a day to remember those who made the ultimate sacrifice for their country and to show appreciation for their service and bravery.

Section 2: Exploring the Meaning of Remembrance

Question: What does it mean to remember our veterans?
Answer: Remembering our veterans means honoring their sacrifices, acknowledging their contributions, and ensuring that their stories are never forgotten. It is a way of showing respect and gratitude for the men and women who have served and continue to serve our countries.

Question: Why is it important to remember our veterans?
Answer: It is essential to remember our veterans because they have played a crucial role in shaping our history and protecting our freedoms. By remembering them, we ensure that their legacy lives on and that future generations understand the importance of service and sacrifice.

Section 3: Applying the Concept of Remembrance

Question: How can we apply the concept of remembrance in our daily lives?
Answer: We can apply the concept of remembrance in our daily lives by taking time to reflect on the sacrifices made by our veterans and their families. This can be done by visiting memorials, attending ceremonies, or simply taking a moment to honor those who have served. We can also show our support by participating in events that benefit veteran organizations or by volunteering our time and resources to help those in need.

Conclusion:
Remembering our veterans is an essential part of our national identity. By understanding the significance of Anzac Day and the meaning of remembrance, we can honor the sacrifices made by those who have served and continue to serve our countries. By applying these concepts in our daily lives, we can ensure that their legacy lives on and that future generations understand the importance of service and sacrifice.


text: 7,057sqft. For Lease - Retail Space. 425 W 6, by Cressey Development Group, will be Mount Pleasant’s first true office building of scale at 10 stories and 177,450 square feet of office and retail space. Situated at the Northwest corner of West 6th Avenue and Yukon Street this building will not only offer stunning views and state-of-the-art work space, but the location will provide unsurpassed connectivity to the Canada Line and future Broadway Line. The building is designed by IBI Group Architects who have put green space and outdoor amenities at the forefront with many floors featuring private patios and green space and a common rooftop patio with unobstructed views of Downtown Vancouver and the North Shore Mountains.. Thank you for your request. A representative will be in contact with you within 48 hours.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Real Estate Math

Introduction:
Real estate math is an essential skill for anyone interested in investing in or working with real estate. In this lesson, we will learn how to calculate square footage, rentable square footage, and other key metrics used in the real estate industry.

Section 1: Square Footage

The first metric we will learn about is square footage (SF). Square footage refers to the total amount of space a property occupies. It is typically measured in square feet (SF) or square meters (m²).

Question: How do you calculate square footage?
Answer: To calculate square footage, you need to measure the length and width of each wall and add them together. Then, multiply that number by itself (the square of the length) and add up all the results.

Example: If a room has a length of 10 feet and a width of 15 feet, its square footage would be calculated as follows:
(10² + 15²) = 100 + 225 = 325 SF

Section 2: Rentable Square Footage

Rentable square footage (RSF) is another important metric used in the real estate industry. It refers to the amount of space a tenant can use for their business operations. RSF is typically calculated by adding up all the usable space in a property, including common areas such as hallways and restrooms.

Question: How do you calculate rentable square footage?
Answer: To calculate rentable square footage, you need to add up all the usable space in a property and then divide it by the number of tenants sharing that space.

Example: If a building has 10,000 SF of usable space and two tenants, each with 5,000 SF of space, its rentable square footage would be calculated as follows:
(10,000 / 2) = 5,000 RSF

Section 3: Other Key Metrics

There are several other key metrics used in the real estate industry that we will briefly cover here.

Gross Leasable Area (GLA): GLA refers to the total amount of space available for lease in a building or complex. It includes both usable and non-usable space such as restrooms and hallways.

Load Factor: Load factor is the percentage of space that is not usable due to factors such as walls, columns, and other obstructions. It is used to adjust the GLA when calculating rentable square footage.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about three key metrics used in the real estate industry: square footage, rentable square footage, and gross leasable area. We also learned how to calculate these metrics and how they are used in real estate transactions. By understanding these concepts, we can better analyze real estate investments and make informed decisions about our own properties.

Glossary:
- Square Footage (SF): The total amount of space a property occupies, typically measured in square feet or square meters.
- Rentable Square Footage (RSF): The amount of space a tenant can use for their business operations, calculated by adding up all the usable space in a property and dividing it by the number of tenants sharing that space.
- Gross Leasable Area (GLA): The total amount of space available for lease in a building or complex, including both usable and non-usable space such as restrooms and hallways.
- Load Factor: The percentage of space that is not usable due to factors such as walls, columns, and other obstructions.


text:
Capitol event reveals quiet debate over public menorah lighting

A Jesuit-trained governor, a Latino Assembly speaker and a Jewish state Senate leader celebrate the holiday season. Which one presides over the Capitol’s annual menorah lighting?

This is not the start of a joke, but a question that reflects a quiet controversy within the Jewish community over public observance of Hanukkah.

Assembly Speaker John A. Pérez was the featured dignitary at Monday’s celebration of Hanukkah, where he wished the crowd a “ hag Hanukkah sameach” – a happy Hanukkah in Hebrew. Then officials flipped a switch on a large electric menorah to acknowledge the sixth night of the eight-day festival that celebrates a Jewish victory in ancient times during a battle for religious freedom.

Gov. Jerry Brown, a former Jesuit seminarian, attended the Capitol menorah lighting two years ago and sent representatives this year.

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But Senate President Pro Tem Darrell Steinberg, a practicing Jew whose wife is the cantor at Sacramento’s Congregation B’nai Israel, wasn’t there Monday and has attended very few of the celebrations during his many years in public service.

“He participated a few years ago with Governor Schwarzenegger and he felt uncomfortable with it because he thinks it’s not the appropriate place to have religious symbols, on the Capitol steps,” said Steinberg spokesman Mark Hedlund.

“He has great respect for his friends in Chabad of Sacramento but he fundamentally believes that religious symbols should not be displayed on the Capitol steps.”

Chabad, an Orthodox branch of Judaism that follows a strict interpretation of the Old Testament, owns the menorah that decorates the west steps of the Capitol and has organized a Hanukkah celebration there for 19 years. Rabbi Mendy Cohen, who leads Chabad of Sacramento, said he brought the celebration to Sacramento when he moved here from Brooklyn, inspired by the teachings of his rabbi.

“He started this campaign that we should bring the lights of Hanukkah out of the dining rooms and bring them into the public to tell the world ... that God is in the world to bring hope and miracles to the people,” Cohen said.

“When I moved to town, that was one of the first things I did.”

Other Jews in Sacramento said they’d rather keep their holiday observance out of the public square.

For many, lighting a menorah on the steps of the Capitol threatens the separation of church and state, said Barry Broad, a lobbyist who is president of the Jewish Federation of the Sacramento Region, an umbrella group that is not affiliated with a particular branch of Judaism.

“Hanukkah doesn’t have a secular meaning. It is only a religious holiday. And a lot of Jewish people feel like it should be celebrated privately or in a synagogue but not in a governmental place,” Broad said.

“We’re a little bit uncomfortable with the public display of Christmas or any other religious holiday. We don’t want to make other people feel uncomfortable.”

At the celebration Monday evening, Pérez handed chocolate coins, a traditional Hanukkah treat, to children wearing glasses shaped like dreidels, the spinning top that is a Hanukkah game. Pérez sprinkled his speech with phrases in Hebrew and Yiddish and said the holiday was being celebrated both privately and publicly. The speaker has said he learned his love of Yiddish from his mother, who grew up in a neighborhood where it was spoken.

“In millions of homes across the country, and in public squares and capitol buildings across our country, menorahs will shine brightly,” he said, “as a testament of our deep belief that each day can be better than the last.”

Pérez said the Hebrew blessing over the candles with Rabbi Cohen.

In an interview before the ceremony, Cohen said the courts have determined that the menorah is a symbol of freedom, not a religious symbol.

“I’m very comfortable with it,” he said. “If there’s a Christmas tree, why shouldn’t there be a menorah?”

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Public Menorah Lighting Controversy

Introduction:
The topic of this lesson is a quiet debate over public menorah lighting during Hanukkah, an eight-day Jewish festival that celebrates religious freedom. We will explore the history of the festival, its significance, and the controversies surrounding public observance.

Section 1: History and Significance of Hanukkah
Hanukkah is an eight-day Jewish festival that commemorates the rededication of the Temple in Jerusalem after the Jewish revolt against the Seleucid Empire in the 2nd century BCE. The festival also celebrates religious freedom and the miracle of oil that lasted for eight days when there was only enough for one day.

Section 2: Controversies Surrounding Public Menorah Lighting
There has been a quiet debate among the Jewish community regarding the appropriateness of public menorah lighting during Hanukkah. Some argue that it violates the separation of church and state, while others believe that it is a symbol of Jewish pride and cultural identity.

Section 3: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios
In recent years, there have been several instances of public menorah lighting being challenged as unconstitutional. For example, in 2017, a federal judge ruled that a giant menorah in the state capitol of Florida was unconstitutional. However, other states like New York have had public menorah lightings for decades without any legal challenges.

Section 4: Critical Thinking and Discussion Questions
1. Should public menorah lighting be allowed during Hanukkah? Why or why not?
2. How does the concept of religious freedom play into the debate over public menorah lighting?
3. What are some potential consequences of allowing or disallowing public menorah lighting during Hanukkah?

Glossary:
- Hanukkah: An eight-day Jewish festival that commemorates the rededication of the Temple in Jerusalem after the Jewish revolt against the Seleucid Empire in the 2nd century BCE.
- Menorah: A seven-branched candelabrum used in the Biblical Temple and later adopted as a symbol of Judaism.
- Separation of church and state: A principle that separates the operation of the government from the doctrine of any particular religion.

Conclusion:
Public menorah lighting during Hanukkah is a topic of debate within the Jewish community. While some argue that it violates the separation of church and state, others believe that it is a symbol of Jewish pride and cultural identity. This lesson has explored the history and significance of Hanukkah, the controversies surrounding public men


text:
Tunable resistivity of individual magnetic domain walls.
Despite the relevance of current-induced magnetic domain wall (DW) motion for new spintronics applications, the exact details of the current-domain wall interaction are not yet understood. A property intimately related to this interaction is the intrinsic DW resistivity. Here, we investigate experimentally how the resistivity inside a DW depends on the wall width Δ, which is tuned using focused ion beam irradiation of Pt/Co/Pt strips. We observe the nucleation of individual DWs with Kerr microscopy, and measure resistance changes in real time. A 1/Δ(2) dependence of DW resistivity is found, compatible with Levy-Zhang theory. Also quantitative agreement with theory is found by taking full account of the current flowing through each individual layer inside the multilayer stack.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Resistivity in Magnetic Domain Walls

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the tunable resistivity of individual magnetic domain walls. We will explore what magnetic domain walls are, how they interact with current, and how their resistivity depends on the wall width. This knowledge can help us understand the behavior of magnetic materials in various applications, such as spintronics.

Section 1: What are Magnetic Domain Walls?
Magnetic domain walls are boundaries between regions of a magnetic material where the magnetization direction changes. These domains are formed due to the alignment of magnetic moments in a material. The movement of these domain walls under the influence of an external magnetic field or electric current can be used to control the magnetic properties of the material.

Section 2: Current-Domain Wall Interaction
When a magnetic domain wall is exposed to an electric current, it experiences a force that causes it to move. This interaction is described by the Levy-Zhang theory, which states that the resistivity of a domain wall is proportional to the inverse of its width. The exact details of this interaction are still not fully understood, but it is known that the current flowing through each individual layer inside a multilayer stack must be taken into account when calculating the resistivity.

Section 3: Tunable Resistivity of Individual Magnetic Domain Walls
Experimental results have shown that the resistivity of a magnetic domain wall depends on its width. When the wall width is reduced, the resistivity increases. This is because the current flowing through the domain wall becomes more concentrated, leading to a higher resistance. The Levy-Zhang theory predicts that the resistivity should follow a 1/Δ^2 dependence, where Δ is the wall width. This prediction has been confirmed experimentally, with quantitative agreement between theory and experiment when the current flowing through each individual layer is taken into account.

Conclusion:
Understanding the tunable resistivity of individual magnetic domain walls is crucial for the development of new spintronics applications. By studying the current-domain wall interaction, we can gain insights into the behavior of magnetic materials and how they can be controlled using electric currents. This knowledge can be applied to design new devices that rely on the movement of magnetic domain walls, such as magnetic memory storage and sensors.


text: .. It was ok for a one night stop but thats it.. Just not best hotel we been in for the money.. Good rooms and location. Very Friendly and helpful staff. Room was non-smoking, but definately smelled like smoke. great staff. standard breakfast. nice room and good location.. nope. have stayed there several times. This place is a dump! Would not suggest it to anyone! There do not have any (zero) non-smoking rooms.. Good/ convenient location to where we were going. Smell of smoke everywhere, no light in bathroom/shower area.... carpet made me not want to walk without my.

textbook:
## Lesson: How to Write a Hotel Review

### Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn how to write a hotel review. A hotel review is a written evaluation of a hotel's quality and services. It can help other travelers make informed decisions about where to stay when they travel. Writing a hotel review can also help you improve your writing skills and express your opinions clearly and concisely.

### Section 2: How to Write a Hotel Review
1. Start with an introduction that briefly describes the hotel and your experience. For example, "I stayed at the XYZ Hotel for two nights during my recent trip to ABC city."
2. Discuss the location of the hotel. Was it conveniently located near tourist attractions or public transportation? Did you feel safe walking around the area at night?
3. Talk about the room. Was it clean? Did it have all the amenities you needed? Were the linens clean and comfortable?
4. Share your thoughts on the staff. Were they friendly and helpful? Did they go above and beyond to make your stay enjoyable?
5. Mention any additional services or features that stood out to you. Did you enjoy the breakfast buffet? Did you appreciate the fitness center or spa?
6. End with a conclusion that summarizes your overall impression of the hotel. Did you enjoy your stay? Would you recommend it to others?

### Section 3: Practice Exercises
1. Read the following hotel review and identify the strengths and weaknesses of the hotel.

"I stayed at the ABC Hotel for three nights during my business trip to XYZ city. The location was great - it was close to the convention center where I was attending a conference. The room was clean and had everything I needed, including a comfortable bed and a desk for working. However, the staff was not very friendly, and the breakfast buffet left something to be desired. Overall, I enjoyed my stay, but I wouldn't say it was outstanding."

Strengths:
- Convenient location
- Comfortable bed
- Desk for working
Weaknesses:
- Unfriendly staff
- Disappointing breakfast buffet

2. Write your own hotel review based on your personal experience. Use the format from Section 2 as a guide.

### Glossary
- Location: The geographic position of a place or building
- Amenities: Features or services available for guests to use
- Linens: Bed sheets, pillowcases, and towels
- Fitness center: A facility equipped for physical exercise
- Spa: A place where people pay to relax or receive beauty treatments

### Conclusion
In summary, writing a hotel review is an excellent way to share your experiences and opinions with others while improving your writing skills. By following the guidelines provided in this lesson, you can create a clear and concise review that helps travelers make informed decisions about their accommodations. Remember to focus on the strengths and weaknesses of the hotel and use specific examples to support your opinions.


text: The renderings and photos are of a sample set of lattice designs that have been used in past projects. Each lattice design has its potential uses; some are better for achieving stiffness, whilst others are better at providing a variation in flexibility. Many of the lattice designs are buildable in both metals and plastics as can be seen in the photos. Some samples also demonstrate our ability in varying the density of the lattice continuously.. The volume reduction coefficient is the potential weight reduction that is achievable by replacing a solid component with one that is instead filled with a lattice (e.g. a volume reduction coefficient of 0.2 means that the part now weighs only 20% of the weight of the equivalent solid part).. These lattices are available in. Autodesk Within. .

textbook:
Lesson: Lattice Designs and Volume Reduction Coefficients

Introduction:
Lattice designs are structures that are made up of interconnected rods or bars. They are commonly used in engineering applications to achieve stiffness and strength while reducing weight. In this lesson, we will explore the different types of lattice designs, their potential uses, and how they can be used to achieve volume reduction coefficients.

Section 1: Types of Lattice Designs

There are several types of lattice designs, each with its unique properties and potential uses. Some of the most common types of lattice designs include:

1. Cubic lattices: These are the simplest type of lattice designs, consisting of a regular arrangement of points in three dimensions. They are often used in crystallography and materials science.

2. Trusses: These are lattice designs that are typically composed of straight members connected at joints. They are commonly used in bridge and building construction, as well as in aerospace applications.

3. Honeycombs: These are lattice designs that consist of a repeated pattern of cells, each surrounded by a common boundary. They are commonly used in lightweight structures and packing problems.

4. Voronoi diagrams: These are lattice designs that represent the regions around a set of points such that every point is closer to one of the regions than any other. They are commonly used in computational geometry and material science.

Section 2: Potential Uses of Lattice Designs

Lattice designs have various potential uses in engineering applications. Some of the most common uses include:

1. Stiffness: Lattice designs can be used to achieve stiffness in structures, making them ideal for applications where strength and rigidity are required.

2. Weight reduction: By using lattice designs, engineers can reduce the weight of structures without compromising their strength or stiffness. This is achieved by replacing solid components with lattices that are filled with a lower density material.

3. Flexibility: Lattice designs can be used to provide a variation in flexibility, making them ideal for applications where some degree of movement or deformation is required.

Section 3: Calculating Volume Reduction Coefficients

The volume reduction coefficient is a measure of the potential weight reduction that is achievable by replacing a solid component with one that is instead filled with a lattice. It is calculated by dividing the volume of the solid component by the volume of the corresponding lattice.

For example, if a solid component has a volume of 10 cm³ and its corresponding lattice has a volume reduction coefficient of 0.2, then the weight of the lattice would be only 20% of the weight of the solid component.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, lattice designs are useful in engineering applications for achieving stiffness and strength while reducing weight. There are several types of lattice designs, each with its unique properties and potential uses. By understanding the volume reduction coefficient, engineers can determine the potential weight reduction that is achievable by using lattice designs. This knowledge can be applied to new problems and challenges in the field of engineering.


text: Methods that attempt to develop the cognitive and affective dimensions of the learning process in such a way that learners' active involvement in the learning is improved.. See: affective domain, cognitive domain. (14 Jan 2009). active inflammation, active labour, Active Language I < Prev | Next > active length-tension curve, active matrix display

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Learning Domains

## Introduction

In this lesson, we will explore the concept of learning domains and how they can help us understand different types of learning experiences. We will cover the following topics:

1. What are learning domains?
2. The cognitive domain
3. The affective domain
4. The psychomotor domain
5. How to apply skills gained from this topic

## What are learning domains?

Learning domains are broad categories that describe different types of learning experiences. They provide a framework for understanding how people learn and what types of activities are most effective for promoting learning in each domain. There are three main learning domains: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor.

## The cognitive domain

The cognitive domain refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring, comprehending, and applying knowledge. This includes:

- Perception: recognizing and interpreting information from the environment
- Memory: encoding, storing, and retrieving information
- Problem-solving: identifying problems, generating solutions, and evaluating their effectiveness
- Reasoning: making logical connections between ideas and drawing conclusions

## The affective domain

The affective domain refers to the emotional and attitudinal aspects of learning. This includes:

- Awareness: recognizing and understanding one's own emotions and those of others
- Motivation: having a desire to learn and engage in educational activities
- Self-esteem: having a positive or negative view of oneself and one's abilities
- Values: holding certain beliefs or principles that guide behavior

## The psychomotor domain

The psychomotor domain refers to the physical skills and abilities required for learning. This includes:

- Fine motor skills: using small muscles in the hands, fingers, and wrists to manipulate objects
- Gross motor skills: using large muscles in the body to perform movements
- Coordination: combining fine and gross motor skills to perform complex tasks
- Balance: maintaining equilibrium while performing physical activities

## How to apply skills gained from this topic

Understanding the learning domains can help you design more effective learning experiences. By tailoring your teaching methods to align with the appropriate domain, you can improve student engagement and promote deeper learning. Additionally, by recognizing which domain is most relevant to a particular learning goal, you can select the best assessment methods to measure student progress.

## Conclusion

In summary, learning domains provide a useful framework for understanding how people learn and what types of activities are most effective for promoting learning. By exploring the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains, we can gain a deeper understanding of the learning process and apply these skills to new problems.


text: Our staff include ethnographers who have observed and documented the lives of nightworkers and teenage parents, policy experts who advise public sector leaders on how to drive social innovation and former management consultants who help social entrepreneurs make their ideas reality.. We work across the UK and beyond, undertaking research, influencing policy, creating new organisations and supporting others to do the same, often with imaginative uses of new technology.. Our staff expertise is supported by our interns, and our network of trustees and fellows.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about social innovation and entrepreneurship. We will explore what it means to be a social entrepreneur, the importance of social innovation, and how it can drive positive change in society. We will also learn about the different types of social entrepreneurs and the impact they have on society.

Section 1: What is Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship?

Social innovation refers to the development of new products, services, or systems that meet social needs and create social value. Social entrepreneurship is the process of identifying, developing, and implementing innovative solutions to social problems. Social entrepreneurs are individuals who use business principles to address social issues and create positive change in society.

Questions and Answers:
1. What is social innovation?
2. What is social entrepreneurship?
3. Who are social entrepreneurs?

Section 2: Types of Social Entrepreneurs

There are different types of social entrepreneurs, each with their unique approach to creating change. Some examples include:

1. Community organizers: They bring people together to address local issues and create positive change in their community.
2. Policy advocates: They work to influence government policies that impact social issues.
3. Inventors and innovators: They develop new technologies or products that solve social problems.
4. Nonprofit leaders: They manage organizations that provide services to address social issues.

Questions and Answers:
1. What are the different types of social entrepreneurs?
2. What do they do to create change?

Section 3: Impact of Social Entrepreneurship

Social entrepreneurship has a significant impact on society. It creates jobs, reduces poverty, and improves access to education, healthcare, and other essential services. It also promotes sustainable development and encourages innovation.

Questions and Answers:
1. What is the impact of social entrepreneurship on society?

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about social innovation and entrepreneurship. We discovered that social entrepreneurs use business principles to address social issues and create positive change in society. We also learned about the different types of social entrepreneurs and their impact on society. By understanding the concept of social innovation and entrepreneurship, we can apply these skills to new problems and drive positive change in our communities.

Glossary:
- Social innovation: The development of new products, services, or systems that meet social needs and create social value.
- Social entrepreneurship: The process of identifying, developing, and implementing innovative solutions to social problems.
- Social entrepreneurs: Individuals who use business principles to address social issues and create positive change in society.


text: Description. Studio Light SL Mask Essentials 148x210mm nr.51. Use this large mask with your favourite inks, pastes, paints and more to create stunning backgrounds for cards, mixed media projects and journals.. Size: A5 5.8 x 8.3 inches.. Payment & Security. Your payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Mixed Media Art

## Section 1: What is Mixed Media Art?
Mixed media art is an artistic technique that combines multiple mediums or materials to create a single artwork. This can include any combination of painting, drawing, photography, collage, printmaking, fiber arts, and even found objects.

## Section 2: Why is Mixed Media Art Important?
Mixed media art is important because it allows artists to explore and experiment with different materials and techniques. It also allows artists to express themselves in unique ways and create art that is truly one-of-a-kind. Additionally, mixed media art can be used to tell stories, convey messages, or evoke emotions in a way that other forms of art may not be able to.

## Section 3: How does Mixed Media Art Work?
Mixed media art works by combining different materials and techniques to create a cohesive and visually appealing piece. This can be done in a variety of ways, such as layering different papers or fabrics, incorporating found objects, or using a combination of paints and inks. The key to successful mixed media art is balance and harmony – each element must work together to create a unified whole.

## Section 4: Practical Examples
A practical example of mixed media art would be creating a collage using magazine clippings, paint, and fabric. First, gather your materials – magazine clippings, paint, and fabric are all great options. Next, arrange the clippings on the canvas or paper in a way that pleases you. Once you’re happy with the arrangement, begin to add paint or ink to enhance the design. Finally, add the fabric to create texture and dimension.

## Section 5: Real-World Scenarios
Mixed media art can be used in a variety of real-world scenarios, such as creating custom home decor or designing unique greeting cards. It can also be used in commercial settings, such as creating advertisements or packaging designs.

## Glossary
- Medium: A material or substance used to create art.
- Technique: A specific method or approach to creating art.
- Composition: The arrangement of elements within a piece of art.
- Harmony: The balance and agreement between different elements in a piece of art.

## Conclusion
Mixed media art is an exciting and versatile form of art that allows artists to experiment with different materials and techniques. By understanding the basics of mixed media art, you can create unique and memorable pieces that are truly one-of-a-kind.


text: Challenge. Inspire Australians to support the Woolworths OzHarvest Christmas Appeal, encouraging customers to Share in the Spirit of Christmas.. Community Insight. With the rise of the global trend of the ‘sharing economy’ Australians are adopting the theme of ‘sharing’ across many parts of their lives.. Solution. PPR developed a campaign that included insights from Woolworths customers that focused on the idea of sharing, and what items Aussies will share during their Christmas feasts. This was rolled-out across Woolworths Family of Influencers along with an extensive media relations program encompassing angles aligned with sharing the spirit.. Outcome. Across the campaign, over 500 pieces of coverage during the period, with a combined reach of over 76 million. In the media, Woolworths convincingly led share of voice amongst competitors with Woolworths achieving 49.7%, Coles 28.8%, Aldi 18.7% and IGA 2.8%

textbook:
Lesson: Sharing is Caring - How to Encourage Others to Share with You

Introduction:
Sharing is an essential part of our daily lives. It helps us build relationships, strengthen communities, and make the world a better place. In this lesson, we will explore the concept of sharing and learn how to encourage others to share with us. We will cover the following topics:

1. What is sharing?
2. Why is sharing important?
3. How can we encourage others to share with us?

Section 1: What is sharing?

Sharing is the act of giving or providing access to others something that we possess, such as food, toys, or knowledge. It is a way of showing generosity and kindness towards others. Sharing can take place in various forms, such as giving away possessions, lending items, or allowing others to use our resources.

Section 2: Why is sharing important?

Sharing is important because it promotes cooperation, empathy, and understanding among individuals. When we share with others, we create a sense of belonging and connection that strengthens our relationships. Sharing also helps reduce conflicts, promote equality, and foster a sense of community.

Section 3: How can we encourage others to share with us?

Encouraging others to share with us involves building trust, being genuine, and showing gratitude. Here are some ways to do so:

1. Build Trust: Show others that you are reliable and trustworthy by keeping your promises and honoring your commitments. When others trust you, they are more likely to share with you.

2. Be Genuine: Be yourself and show others your true intentions. People can sense when someone is not being honest or sincere, so be authentic in your interactions with others.

3. Show Gratitude: Express appreciation and gratitude when others share with you. Let them know that their actions are valued and appreciated. This will encourage them to continue sharing with you in the future.

4. Offer Something in Return: Sometimes, offering something in return can encourage others to share with you. This could be a simple gesture like a thank you or a more substantial offering like a gift or service.

5. Ask Nicely: Sometimes, all it takes is asking nicely for others to share with you. Approach others with respect and politeness, and they are more likely to share their resources with you.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, sharing is a powerful tool that can help us build strong relationships and create a better world. By encouraging others to share with us, we can promote cooperation, empathy, and understanding among individuals. Remember to be trustworthy, genuine, and grateful, and offer something in return or ask nicely when asking others to share with you.


text:
Teddy Shop Adelaide

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textbook:
Title: Introduction to Teddy Bears

Overview:
In this lesson, we will learn about teddy bears - their history, types, and significance. We will also explore the different ways teddy bears are used today.

Level: Primary through High School

Section 1: History of Teddy Bears

Topic: Introduction to Teddy Bears

Objective: Students will learn about the origin of teddy bears and their significance.

**Theory**
- Teddy bears were first introduced in 1902 by a German toy maker named Richard Steiff.
- They were named after President Theodore Roosevelt, who was known as "Teddy" to his friends.
- The first teddy bear was created as a gift for Roosevelt's children after he went on a hunting trip and refused to shoot a baby bear.
- Since then, teddy bears have become one of the most popular toys in the world.

**Practice**
- What do you think is the reason behind the popularity of teddy bears?
- Can you think of any other toys that have become as iconic as teddy bears?

Section 2: Types of Teddy Bears

Topic: Types of Teddy Bears

Objective: Students will learn about the different types of teddy bears.

**Theory**
- There are many different types of teddy bears, including:
  - Traditional teddy bears
  - Animated teddy bears
  - Collectible teddy bears
  - Personalized teddy bears
  - Musical teddy bears
  - Plush teddy bears

**Practice**
- Which type of teddy bear do you prefer? Why?
- Can you think of any other types of teddy bears that could be added to this list?

Section 3: Uses of Teddy Bears

Topic: Uses of Teddy Bears

Objective: Students will learn about the different ways teddy bears are used today.

**Theory**
- Teddy bears are used for many purposes today, including:
  - Comfort toys
  - Gifts
  - Decoration
  - Therapy animals
  - Collectibles
  - Educational tools

**Practice**
- How do you think teddy bears can be used as therapy animals?
- Can you think of any other ways teddy bears can be used today?

Glossary:
- Teddy bear: A stuffed animal in the shape of a bear, typically made of soft fabric.
- Collectible: An item that is valuable because it is rare or has historical significance.
- Personalized: Made or adapted to suit someone's individual needs or preferences.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the history, types, and uses of teddy bears. We also explored the different ways teddy bears are used today. By understanding these concepts, we can appreciate the significance of teddy bears and their impact on our lives.

Title: Teddy Bears in Real Life

Overview:
In this lesson, we will explore the different ways teddy bears are used in real life. We will also discuss the importance of teddy bears in various settings.

Level: High School

Section 1: Teddy Bears in Therapy

Topic: Teddy Bears in Therapy

Objective: Students will learn about the use of teddy bears in therapy and how they can help patients.

**Theory**
- Teddy bears are often used as therapy animals in hospitals, nursing homes, and other healthcare facilities.
- They can provide comfort and companionship to patients who may be feeling lonely or anxious.
- Teddy bears can also be used to help children cope with difficult situations, such as a medical procedure or a family crisis.

**Practice**
- How do you think teddy bears can help patients in therapy?
- Can you think of any other animals that could be used for therapy?

Section 2: Teddy Bears in Education

Topic: Teddy Bears in Education

Objective: Students will learn about the use of teddy bears in education and how they can be used to teach various concepts.

**Theory**
- Teddy bears can be used as educational tools to teach children about different subjects, such as:
  - Science (anatomy and physiology)
  - Mathematics (measurement and geometry)
  - Language arts (phonics and vocabulary)
  - Social studies (culture and history)

**Practice**
- How do you think teddy bears can be used to teach science?
- Can you think of any other subjects where teddy bears could be used as educational tools?

Section 3: Teddy Bears in Popular Culture

Topic: Teddy Bears in Popular Culture

Objective: Students will learn about the significance of teddy bears in popular culture and how they have been depicted in various forms of media.

**Theory**
- Teddy bears have appeared in many forms of media, including:
  - Books
  - Movies
  - Television shows
  - Video games
  - Songs

**Practice**
- Can you think of any famous teddy bears in popular culture?
- How have teddy bears been depicted in these forms of media?

Glossary:
- Therapy animal: An animal that is trained to provide emotional support and companionship to people in need.
- Educational tool: A resource used to enhance learning and teaching.
- Popular culture: The arts and entertainment of the general public.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the different ways teddy bears are used in real life, including therapy, education, and popular culture. We also discussed the importance of teddy bears in various settings. By understanding these concepts, we can appreciate the significance of teddy bears and their impact on our lives.


text: James OGrady replied on Permalink. Here is my response to my friend Mike Smith's post on this deal (). It provides more insight into why I feel this deal is really bad for Canada:. I believe its ramifications will have tremendously harmful long term effects on Canada, Canadians, as well as our hockey heritage and traditions, because it guts and then destroys Hockey Night in Canada and with it, 75 years of Canadian tradition. 75 years is half the time Canada has existed. For a young country, destroying our family traditions that revolve around our national sport of hockey, will significantly impact our nation. I have no doubt about it..

textbook:
Lesson Title: The Importance of Tradition

Introduction:
Tradition is an essential part of human life. It helps us to maintain our identity, values, and beliefs. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of tradition and how it affects our lives.

Section 1: What is Tradition?

Tradition refers to the customs, practices, or beliefs that are passed down from one generation to another. It is a way of preserving our culture and heritage. Tradition can be found in all aspects of life, including food, religion, and sports.

Section 2: Why is Tradition Important?

Tradition helps us to maintain our identity and sense of belonging. It provides a sense of continuity and stability in our lives. Tradition also helps us to connect with our past and understand our roots. It is a way of preserving our history and passing it down to future generations.

Section 3: Examples of Tradition in Sports

One example of tradition in sports is the annual Thanksgiving Day football game in the United States. This game has been played every year since 1934 and is watched by millions of people. Another example is the Olympic Games, which have been held every four years since 776 BC. These games have become a symbol of international unity and cooperation.

Section 4: Conclusion

Tradition is an essential part of human life. It helps us to maintain our identity and connect with our past. Tradition can be found in all aspects of life, including food, religion, and sports. By preserving our traditions, we can ensure that our culture and heritage continue to thrive.

Glossary:
- Culture: The customs, practices, and beliefs of a particular group of people.
- Heritage: The traditions, achievements, and values that are passed down from one generation to another.
- Identity: The qualities, beliefs, and values that define a person or group.

Self-Debate:
- Do you think tradition is important? Why or why not?
- Can traditions change over time? If so, how do they evolve?
- Are there any traditions that you think should be preserved? Why?

Conclusion:
In conclusion, tradition plays an essential role in our lives. By preserving our traditions, we can ensure that our culture and heritage continue to thrive. We can apply this concept to other areas of our lives, such as preserving our environment and promoting peace and understanding among people.


text:
Epidermal growth factor-nanoparticle conjugates change the activity from anti-apoptotic to pro-apoptotic at membrane rafts.
The proliferation epidermal growth factor (EGF) is known to acquire contradictory apoptotic activities upon conjugation with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) through hitherto unknown mechanisms. Here, we identified an essential role of membrane rafts in the drastic activity switching of EGF-GNPs through the following intracellular signaling. (1) In contrast to the rapid diffusion of activated EGF receptor after the soluble EGF stimulation, the receptor is confined within membrane rafts upon binding to the EGF-GNPs. (2) This initial receptor confinements switch its endocytosis process from normal clathrin-mediated endocytosis to caveolin-mediated one, changing the phosphorylation dynamics of essential downstream kinases, i.e., extracellular signal-regulated kinase and AKT. Importantly, the destruction of membrane rafts by β-cyclodextrin reversed this trafficking and signaling, restoring EGF-GNPs to lost anti-apoptotic property. These results reveal the importance of GNP-mediated signal condensation at membrane rafts in conferring the unique apoptotic activity on EGF-nanoparticle conjugates. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a small secretory protein that induces cell proliferation upon binding to its receptor existed on cellular plasma membranes. One interesting feature of the protein in the nanobiology field is, its acquisition of apoptosis-inducing (cellular suicide) activity rather than proliferative one upon conjugation to gold nanoparticles through hitherto unknown mechanisms. Here, we identified the involvement of membrane rafts, plasma membrane nanodomains enriched with cholesterol, in the apoptosis processes by changing the receptor trafficking and downstream signal transduction pathways. Moreover, the destruction of lipid rafts restored the EGF-nanoparticle conjugates with lost anti-apoptotic activity. These finding highlight potential applications of EGF-nanoparticle conjugates to cancer therapy, as the EGF receptor are highly expressed in cancer cells.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding Membrane Rafts and their Role in Cell Signaling

Overview: In this lesson, we will learn about membrane rafts, their role in cell signaling, and how they can affect the activity of growth factors like epidermal growth factor (EGF).

Objective: By the end of this lesson, students will be able to explain what membrane rafts are, describe their role in cell signaling, and explain how they can affect the activity of growth factors like EGF.

Prerequisites: Students should have a basic understanding of cell biology and molecular biology concepts.

Materials: None

Introduction: Membrane rafts are specialized regions of the cell membrane that are enriched with specific proteins and lipids. They play an important role in cell signaling, which is the process by which cells communicate with each other and respond to their environment. In this lesson, we will focus on the role of membrane rafts in the activity of epidermal growth factor (EGF), a protein that promotes cell growth and survival.

Section 1: What are Membrane Rafts?

Membrane rafts are specialized regions of the cell membrane that are enriched with specific proteins and lipids, including cholesterol and sphingolipids. They are thought to act as platforms for the assembly and organization of signaling molecules, allowing for efficient and specific cellular responses.

Section 2: The Role of Membrane Rafts in Cell Signaling

Membrane rafts play an important role in cell signaling by facilitating the assembly and organization of signaling molecules. They help to concentrate signaling molecules in specific areas of the cell membrane, making it easier for them to interact with each other and initiate cellular responses. This is particularly important for signaling pathways that involve the activation of receptors, such as the EGF receptor, which is involved in cell growth and survival.

Section 3: Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and its Activity Switching

EGF is a protein that binds to the EGF receptor on the surface of cells, triggering a signaling cascade that promotes cell growth and survival. However, when EGF is conjugated with gold nanoparticles (GNPs), its activity can switch from anti-apoptotic to pro-apoptotic. This is due to the fact that the receptor is confined within membrane rafts upon binding to the EGF-GNPs, leading to changes in the endocytosis process and the phosphorylation dynamics of essential downstream kinases.

Section 4: The Importance of Membrane Rafts in EGF-GNP Activity Switching

The confinement of the EGF receptor within membrane rafts upon binding to the EGF-GNPs is crucial for the activity switching of EGF-GNPs. This is because it changes the endocytosis process from normal clathrin-mediated endocytosis to caveolin-mediated one, which in turn affects the phosphorylation dynamics of essential downstream kinases. This results in the loss of anti-apoptotic property of EGF-GNPs and the acquisition of pro-apoptotic activity.

Section 5: Conclusion

In summary, membrane rafts are specialized regions of the cell membrane that play an important role in cell signaling. They can affect the activity of growth factors like EGF, which is involved in cell growth and survival. When EGF is conjugated with gold nanoparticles, its activity can switch from anti-apoptotic to pro-apoptotic due to changes in the endocytosis process and the phosphorylation dynamics of essential downstream kinases. Understanding the role of membrane rafts in these processes is crucial for developing targeted therapies for cancer and other diseases.

Glossary:
- Membrane rafts: specialized regions of the cell membrane that are enriched with specific proteins and lipids
- Cholesterol: a lipid that is important for maintaining the structural integrity of cell membranes
- Sphingolipids: lipids that are important for the formation and function of membrane rafts
- Receptor: a protein on the cell surface that binds to specific signaling molecules
- Signaling pathway: a series of molecular events that leads to a specific cellular response
- EGF receptor: a receptor that binds to epidermal growth factor
- Gold nanoparticles (GNPs): nanoscale particles made of gold that can be used in biological applications
- Endocytosis: the process by which cells internalize signaling molecules and their receptors
- Clathrin: a protein that is involved in the internalization of signaling molecules and their receptors
- Caveolin: a protein that is involved in the internalization of signaling molecules and their receptors
- Phosphorylation: the addition of a phosphate group to a protein, which can affect its activity
- Kinases: enzymes that add phosphate groups to proteins
- Downstream: referring to the subsequent steps in a signaling pathway
- Pro-apoptotic: promoting cell death
- Anti-apoptotic: preventing cell death

Self-Debate Discussion:

Is it possible for membrane rafts to have different effects on the activity of growth factors like EGF depending on the specific context or cell type? How might this knowledge be applied in the development of targeted therapies for cancer and other diseases?


text:
Cosmetic compositions used to make up or enhance the appearance of a user's skin are often required to be able to impart various properties such as long wear, transfer resistance and comfort. However, the formulation of cosmetic products that can deliver these properties at the same time can pose some challenges. For example, cosmetic compositions using traditional ingredients known to impart long wear, such as silicone resins, are very drying. In addition, they cause discomfort and flaking during the use. In order to overcome these problems, oils, such as silicone oils are generally employed. While the utilization of silicone oils in cosmetics is popular, one drawback associated with their use is that they tend to shine and are tacky, which are not always desired effects for the finished products.
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a composition and method for making up skin in a manner which delivers transfer resistance and long wear properties, as well as superior comfort, non-tacky feel and nonglossy (matte) appearance.
It has been surprisingly discovered that the combination of silicone crosspolymer (elastomer) and silicone oil (fluid) having viscosity greater than 100 cSt at specific ratios, in addition to silicone resins, polyorganosiloxane copolymer and volatile solvent, provides the compositions characterized by non-tacky feel and superior comfort, transfer resistance, long wear and minimal or absence of flaking when applied onto a keratinous substrate. The formulations of the present inventions are also matte.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Cosmetic Compositions

## Chapter 1: What are Cosmetic Compositions?

Cosmetic compositions are substances used to enhance or alter the appearance of the skin, hair, and nails. They can come in various forms such as creams, lotions, gels, and powders. Cosmetic compositions can be made up of different ingredients such as water, oils, waxes, emulsifiers, and pigments.

## Chapter 2: Properties of Cosmetic Compositions

Cosmetic compositions are designed to have specific properties that make them effective for their intended use. Some of these properties include:

1. Long wear: Cosmetic compositions that provide long wear are designed to stay on the skin for an extended period without smudging or fading.

2. Transfer resistance: Cosmetic compositions that have transfer resistance do not easily transfer onto clothing or other surfaces when touched.

3. Comfort: Cosmetic compositions that provide comfort are designed to feel soft and smooth on the skin, without causing irritation or dryness.

4. Non-tacky feel: Cosmetic compositions that have a non-tacky feel do not leave a sticky or greasy residue on the skin after application.

5. Matte appearance: Cosmetic compositions that have a matte appearance do not have a shiny or glossy finish.

## Chapter 3: Formulating Cosmetic Compositions

Formulating cosmetic compositions that have all of the desired properties can be challenging. For example, using traditional ingredients such as silicone resins to provide long wear can be drying and cause discomfort. To overcome this issue, oils such as silicone oils are often used. However, these can leave a tacky feel and a glossy finish.

To create a cosmetic composition that delivers all of the desired properties, a combination of silicone crosspolymer (elastomer) and silicone oil with a low viscosity is used. This combination provides long wear, transfer resistance, and comfort while avoiding the tacky feel and glossy finish associated with traditional formulations.

## Chapter 4: Applying Cosmetic Compositions

Cosmetic compositions can be applied to the skin, hair, or nails using various techniques such as brushing, blending, or spraying. It is essential to follow the instructions on the product packaging to ensure optimal results.

## Chapter 5: Self-Debate Discussion

Why is it important to use a combination of silicone crosspolymer and silicone oil in cosmetic compositions? How does this combination provide long wear, transfer resistance, and comfort while avoiding the tacky feel and glossy finish associated with traditional formulations?

## Glossary:

- Cosmetic compositions: Substances used to enhance or alter the appearance of the skin, hair, and nails.
- Silicone crosspolymer: A type of elastomer used in cosmetic compositions.
- Silicone oil: A type of fluid used in cosmetic compositions.
- Viscosity: A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.


text: Toyo Hires New Director of Marketing Communications. (Akron/Tire Review) Julie Sediq, the former communications manager for Anaheim’s Honda Center arena, has been named director of marketing communications for Toyo Tire (USA) Corp. Sediq spent the last eight years as director of media and communications for the arena, formerly known as Arrowhead Pond.. According to Steve Hutchinson, Toyo’s senior marketing director, “We are pleased to have Julie join the Toyo tire family with her extensive knowledge and experience in PR. While maintaining and growing our relationships in the automotive industry, she will also strive to expose the Toyo brand to new media outlets and new customers.”

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Marketing Communications

**Introduction**

Marketing communications is the process of creating and delivering messages about a company, its products or services, to its target audience. It is an essential part of any marketing strategy as it helps to build brand awareness, attract new customers, and retain existing ones. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of marketing communications, including its importance, the role of communication in marketing, and the different channels available for communication.

**Main Topic**

1. Importance of Marketing Communications

Marketing communications is important because it helps to establish a relationship between a company and its customers. By creating and delivering messages that are relevant and engaging, companies can build trust and loyalty with their customers. This, in turn, can lead to increased sales and revenue.

2. Role of Communication in Marketing

Communication is a critical component of any marketing strategy. It involves sending information about a product or service to potential customers through various channels, such as advertising, public relations, and sales promotions. The goal of communication is to create a positive image of the company and its products, and to persuade customers to make a purchase.

3. Channels of Marketing Communications

There are several channels available for marketing communications, including advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations, and direct marketing. Each channel has its own advantages and disadvantages, and companies must choose the channels that are most appropriate for their target audience and marketing objectives.

**Practical Examples**

Let's consider an example of a company that wants to introduce a new product to the market. The company could use advertising to create awareness about the product through television commercials, radio ads, and online ads. They could also use personal selling by sending sales representatives to meet with potential customers and demonstrate the product. Sales promotions such as discounts and coupons could be used to encourage customers to try the product. Public relations could be used to generate positive news coverage about the product, which would help to build credibility and trust. Finally, direct marketing could be used to send targeted messages to potential customers through email or direct mail.

**Conclusion**

Marketing communications is an essential part of any marketing strategy. By creating and delivering relevant and engaging messages to potential customers, companies can build trust and loyalty, and ultimately increase sales and revenue. Understanding the different channels of marketing communications and choosing the most appropriate ones for your target audience and marketing objectives is crucial for success.


text:
Canoeing at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's slalom K-1

These are the results of the men's K-1 slalom competition in canoeing at the 2004 Summer Olympics.  The K-1 (kayak single) event is raced by one-man kayaks through a whitewater course.  The venue for the 2004 Olympic competition was the Olympic Canoe/Kayak Slalom Centre at the Helliniko Olympic Complex.

Medalists

Results
The 25 competitors each took two preliminary runs through the whitewater slalom course.  The top 20 kayakers by combined time from the two runs advanced to the semifinal.  The top 10 times from the single semifinal run determined the finalists.  Ranking and medals are based on the combined time of the semifinal run and the final run.  The preliminary runs were raced on August 19 and the semifinal and final runs were on August 20.

References
2004 Summer Olympics Canoe slalom results
Sports-reference.com 2004 men's K-1 slalom results.
Yahoo! Sports Athens 2004 Summer Olympics Canoe/Kayak Results

Men's Slalom K-1

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Canoeing at the Olympics - Men's Slalom K-1

### Overview

In this lesson, we will learn about the Men's Slalom K-1 event in canoeing at the 2004 Summer Olympics. We will cover the basics of the sport, the rules and format of the competition, and the results of the event. This lesson is suitable for primary through high school students who are interested in learning about canoeing, sports, or the Olympics.

### Section 1: Introduction to Canoeing

Canoeing is a water-based sport that involves paddling a boat using a single-bladed paddle. There are several types of canoes, including kayaks, which are designed for one person, and canoes, which are designed for two or more people. In this lesson, we will focus on the K-1 event, which is raced by one-man kayaks.

### Section 2: The Olympics and Canoeing

The Olympics is a global sports event that takes place every four years. Athletes from all over the world compete in various sports and events to win medals for their country. Canoeing has been a part of the Olympics since 1936, with events in slalom and sprint canoeing.

### Section 3: The Men's Slalom K-1 Event

The Men's Slalom K-1 event is a canoeing race that involves racing a kayak through a whitewater course. The course includes several obstacles, such as waves, rocks, and rapids, that the athlete must navigate around. The athlete must also avoid touching the sides of the course, as this adds penalty seconds to their time.

### Section 4: The Competition Format

The K-1 slalom competition consists of two preliminary runs through the whitewater course. The top 20 kayakers by combined time from the two runs advance to the semifinal. The top 10 times from the single semifinal run determine the finalists. The final rankings and medals are based on the combined time of the semifinal run and the final run.

### Section 5: The Results

The 25 competitors each took two preliminary runs through the whitewater course. The top 20 kayakers by combined time from the two runs advanced to the semifinal. The top 10 times from the single semifinal run determined the finalists. The final rankings and medals are based on the combined time of the semifinal run and the final run.

### Section 6: Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the Men's Slalom K-1 event in canoeing at the 2004 Summer Olympics. We covered the basics of the sport, the rules and format of the competition, and the results of the event. This lesson provides an introduction to canoeing and the Olympics, and can serve as a foundation for further study of the sport.


text: Services. Clarkebond provides a wide range of core engineering services. Our integrated, multi-disciplined teams provide individual and team expertise across all sectors, public and private, tailoring solutions to specific client needs and requirements.. Areas of specialist knowledge include environmental engineering - flood risk, waste management and contaminated land assessment, utilities - asset design, resilience and recovery including blast analysis, and facade engineering.. - Civil Engineering. - Structural Engineering. - Façade Engineering. - Ground Engineering. - Environment and Sustainability. - Engineering Management. - Resilience and Recovery. - Infrastructure and Drainage. - Transport Planning. - BIM

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Engineering Services

**Objective:** To introduce students to the different types of engineering services available and their applications in various industries.

**Glossary:**
- Engineering Services: Professional services that involve the application of mathematics, physics, and science to develop, test, and improve products and processes.
- Multi-disciplined Teams: A team of engineers with diverse backgrounds and expertise who work together on a project.
- Blast Analysis: The study of how structures respond to explosions and other impacts.

**Section 1: Introduction to Engineering Services**

Engineering services are professional services that involve the application of mathematics, physics, and science to develop, test, and improve products and processes. These services are used in various industries such as construction, manufacturing, and transportation.

**Section 2: Types of Engineering Services**

There are several types of engineering services, including:

1. Civil Engineering: This type of engineering deals with the design and construction of infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and buildings.
2. Structural Engineering: This type of engineering involves the design of structures such as bridges, buildings, and towers.
3. Façade Engineering: This type of engineering deals with the design and construction of building facades.
4. Ground Engineering: This type of engineering involves the study of soil and rock properties to design foundations and retaining walls.
5. Environment and Sustainability: This type of engineering involves the design of environmentally friendly products and processes.
6. Engineering Management: This type of engineering involves managing engineering projects and teams.
7. Resilience and Recovery: This type of engineering involves designing structures and systems that can withstand natural disasters and recover quickly.
8. Infrastructure and Drainage: This type of engineering involves designing and maintaining drainage systems and other infrastructure.
9. Transport Planning: This type of engineering involves planning and designing transportation systems such as roads, rails, and airports.

**Section 3: Applications of Engineering Services**

Engineering services are used in various industries such as construction, manufacturing, and transportation. For example, civil engineers design and construct roads and bridges, while structural engineers design buildings and towers. Façade engineers design and construct building facades, and ground engineers design foundations and retaining walls. Environmental engineers assess the impact of construction projects on the environment and design sustainable solutions. Engineering management involves managing engineering projects and teams, while resilience and recovery engineers design structures that can withstand natural disasters and recover quickly.

**Conclusion:**

Engineering services play a crucial role in developing and improving products and processes in various industries. By understanding the different types of engineering services and their applications, students can explore career opportunities in this field and contribute to innovative solutions that make a difference in the world.


text: From cancer to liver failure — to death. Ingredients in supplements passed off as healthy can harm you. Avoid these 15 at the very least, identified by an expert panel of independent doctors and dietary-supplement researchers. You can download this PDF to find out more about the panel and how the ingredients were selected.. This post was reprinted with permission from Medshadow.org.. Here’s more from Just Care:

textbook:
Lesson Title: Supplement Safety - Identifying Unsafe Ingredients in Dietary Supplements

Introduction:
Dietary supplements are meant to improve our overall health and wellbeing. However, some supplements may contain unsafe ingredients that can cause serious harm to our bodies. In this lesson, we will learn about the 15 most dangerous ingredients identified by an expert panel of independent doctors and dietary-supplement researchers. We will also learn how to identify these ingredients and avoid them in the future.

Section 1: Understanding the Dangers of Unsafe Ingredients

Topic 1: What makes an ingredient unsafe?
- An ingredient is considered unsafe if it has been linked to serious side effects or health problems.
- Some ingredients may interact with medications or other supplements, causing adverse reactions.
- Some ingredients may contain hidden allergens or contaminants that can cause allergic reactions or other health issues.

Topic 2: How are unsafe ingredients identified?
- Independent panels of doctors and dietary-supplement researchers review scientific studies and data to identify unsafe ingredients.
- These experts evaluate the safety of each ingredient based on its potential risks and benefits.
- The FDA also plays a role in identifying unsafe ingredients and regulating the dietary supplement industry.

Topic 3: Why are unsafe ingredients found in supplements?
- Manufacturers may use unsafe ingredients to cut costs or increase the potency of their products.
- Some manufacturers may not be aware of the dangers of certain ingredients or may not follow proper safety guidelines.
- In some cases, unsafe ingredients may be added unintentionally due to contamination or mislabeling.

Section 2: Identifying Unsafe Ingredients

Topic 1: Common unsafe ingredients
- Arsenic
- Lead
- Mercury
- Cadmium
- Chromium
- Belladonna
- Fenugreek
- Kava
- Ginkgo biloba
- St. John's wort
- Saw palmetto
- Ephedra
- Yohimbine
- Methylsynephrine
- Bitter orange

Topic 2: How to identify unsafe ingredients
- Always read the label and ingredient list before taking any supplement.
- Look for any of the above-mentioned unsafe ingredients in the list of ingredients.
- If you are unsure about an ingredient, do some research to determine if it is safe or not.

Section 3: Avoiding Unsafe Ingredients

Topic 1: Tips for avoiding unsafe ingredients
- Choose supplements from reputable brands that have a good track record for safety.
- Look for supplements that have been third-party tested for purity and safety.
- Always consult with your doctor before taking any new supplements, especially if you have a medical condition or are taking medications.

Topic 2: Questions to ask when choosing supplements
- Is the supplement made by a reputable brand?
- Has the supplement been third-party tested for safety and purity?
- Does the supplement contain any of the 15 unsafe ingredients listed above?
- What are the potential side effects or risks associated with the supplement?

Conclusion:
In conclusion, it is essential to be aware of the potential dangers of unsafe ingredients in dietary supplements. By understanding the risks and following the tips provided in this lesson, you can make informed decisions about which supplements to take and avoid potentially harmful ingredients. Remember to always consult with your doctor before starting any new supplements, especially if you have a medical condition or are taking medications.


text:
LEE COUNTY, Fla. — Letter carriers and cars dropped off trunk-loads of food at Cape Coral Central Post Office for the National Letter Carriers Stamp Out Hunger Food Drive on Saturday.

It marked the 27th annual drive for the National Association of Letter Carriers, the organization that started the movement.

Volunteers and letter carriers all over the country participated, including in Lee County. Hundreds of volunteers participated from local churches and agencies including United Way of Lee, Hendry, Glades and Okeechobee County and food banks like Harry Chapin and Midwest Food Bank.

Expectations for the number of donations rose after more cars dropped off trunk-loads of food. Last year alone, the drive collected an estimated 300,000 lbs. from residents in Lee County.

“This is our biggest drive of the year,” said Louise Bain, the programs outreach manager for Harry Chapin Food Bank.

Letter carriers like Alex Roman have been delivering mail for years, and appreciate going the extra mile in the drive to help the people they serve.

“We touch the community — like in your route, we touch every neighbor, every residential in your area, and you get to befriend and get to know what’s going on in their life,” Roman said.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Community Service

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of community service and how it can make a difference in people's lives. We will explore the concept of volunteerism, its impact on society, and how it can help individuals grow personally and professionally.

Section 1: What is Community Service?
Community service refers to any activity that involves volunteering time and effort to improve the quality of life for others in the community. It can take many forms, such as helping out at a local food bank or participating in a community clean-up event.

Questions and Answers:
- What are some examples of community service?
- How does community service benefit the community?
- Why is community service important?

Section 2: The Impact of Community Service
Community service has a significant impact on society. It helps to build stronger communities by bringing people together and fostering a sense of belonging. It also helps to address social issues such as poverty, homelessness, and environmental degradation.

Questions and Answers:
- What are some social issues that community service can address?
- How does community service help to build stronger communities?
- Can community service make a difference in people's lives?

Section 3: Personal and Professional Growth Through Community Service
Engaging in community service can have a profound impact on an individual's personal and professional growth. It helps to develop skills such as leadership, teamwork, and communication, while also promoting a sense of fulfillment and purpose.

Questions and Answers:
- How can community service help with personal and professional growth?
- What skills can be developed through community service?
- Can community service lead to a sense of fulfillment and purpose?

Glossary:
- Volunteerism: the act of willingly dedicating time and effort to help others without expecting anything in return.
- Community service: any activity that involves volunteering time and effort to improve the quality of life for others in the community.
- Social issues: problems that affect the well-being of individuals and communities, such as poverty, homelessness, and environmental degradation.

Conclusion:
Community service is an essential aspect of building stronger and more resilient communities. By engaging in volunteerism, individuals can make a meaningful impact on the lives of others while also developing valuable skills and experiencing personal growth. As we continue to face social issues, it is crucial that we come together as a community and work towards creating positive change.


text:
Role of polymorphisms of the IGF2 and IGFBP3 genes and risk of gastric carcinoma in China.
The insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway plays an important role in the modulation of cell growth and proliferation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of polymorphisms of the insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) genes, which encode key proteins of this pathway, as risk factors for gastric carcinoma (GC). A case-control study including 404 histologically confirmed GC patients and 424 healthy controls of the same ethnicity was conducted to retrospectively investigate the genetic polymorphisms of two genes, IGF2+820A>G (rs680) and IGFBP3 A-202C (rs2854744). Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Logistic regression. The IGF2 genetic variants examined contributed to GC risk individually (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08-1.46). The genotype frequencies of IGFBP3 A-202C were not significantly different between the cancer cases and controls (P > 0.05). Compared to the IGF2 AA genotype, carriers of one variant combined genotype were more pronounced among young subjects (<60 years), male subjects, never smokers, and those with a family history of cancer (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.09-1.72, P < 0.05; OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.28-2.08, P < 0.05; OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.11-1.98, P < 0.05; OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 0.91-2.6, P < 0.05; respectively). Moreover, when the combined effects of the risk genotypes were investigated, significant associations were detected between highrisk genotypes in IGF2 and IGFBP3 (OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.75-3.49). Our results suggest that polymorphic variants of the IGF2 genes modulate gastric carcinogenesis. Moreover, when the IGF2 and IGFBP3 variants are evaluated together, a greater effect on GC risk is observed.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding the Role of Polymorphisms in Gene Expression and Risk of Gastric Carcinoma

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the role of polymorphisms in gene expression and their association with the risk of gastric carcinoma. We will learn about the insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway, which is crucial for cell growth and proliferation. We will also investigate the role of IGF2 and IGFBP3 genes in this process and their potential as risk factors for gastric carcinoma.

Section 1: Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling Pathway

The insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway is a series of molecular events that regulate cell growth and proliferation. It involves the binding of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) to its receptor, which then activates a cascade of signaling molecules that ultimately lead to the activation of target genes. These target genes are responsible for promoting cell growth and division.

Section 2: IGF2 and IGFBP3 Genes and Their Role in Gastric Carcinoma

The IGF2 gene encodes a protein that is involved in the promotion of cell growth and division. The IGFBP3 gene, on the other hand, encodes a protein that binds to IGF and regulates its activity. Both of these genes play a crucial role in the insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway.

Recent studies have suggested that polymorphisms in the IGF2 and IGFBP3 genes may be associated with an increased risk of gastric carcinoma. Specifically, the IGF2+820A>G polymorphism has been found to contribute to the risk of gastric carcinoma, while the IGFBP3 A-202C polymorphism has not been shown to have a significant association with this disease.

Section 3: Investigating the Association Between Genetic Polymorphisms and Gastric Carcinoma Risk

To investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms and gastric carcinoma risk, researchers conduct case-control studies. In these studies, they compare the frequency of specific genetic variants in individuals with gastric carcinoma to the frequency of these variants in healthy controls.

For example, in a study involving 404 patients with gastric carcinoma and 424 healthy controls, researchers investigated the IGF2+820A>G and IGFBP3 A-202C polymorphisms. They found that the IGF2+820A>G polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of gastric carcinoma, while the IGFBP3 A-202C polymorphism did not show a significant association with this disease.

Section 4: Critical Thinking and Discussion

As we learn about the role of genetic polymorphisms in gastric carcinoma risk, it is essential to consider the limitations of these studies. For example, the sample size of the study may not be large enough to detect a significant association between the IGFBP3 A-202C polymorphism and gastric carcinoma risk. Additionally, confounding factors such as age, gender, and smoking status may influence the results.

Moreover, it is essential to note that the presence of a genetic variant does not guarantee the development of gastric carcinoma. Instead, these genetic variations may contribute to an individual's susceptibility to the disease due to differences in gene expression levels or the regulation of the insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, understanding the role of genetic polymorphisms in gene expression and their association with gastric carcinoma risk is crucial for developing targeted therapies and prevention strategies. By investigating the insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway and the IGF2 and IGFBP3 genes, we can gain valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease.


text:
#!/bin/sh -e

# List originally generated by removing some files from the list created by
# find * -name "vrpn*.C" -o -name "vrpn*.h" -o -name "vrpn*.h.cmake_in" | sed 's/[.].*//' |sort |uniq

filelist=$(cd $(dirname $0) && pwd)/sharedcode.txt

(
cd $(dirname $0) && cd ..

# This list is all the modules considered to be "common/shared" and thus
# normalized to a standard formatting
cat $filelist | while read module; do
    for ext in C h h.cmake_in; do
        if [ -f ${module}.${ext} ]; then
            echo "${module}.${ext}"
        fi
    done
done
)

textbook:
# Lesson: Introduction to Shell Scripting
## Section 1: Overview
Shell scripting is the process of writing scripts that can automate tasks on a Unix-based operating system. It involves writing commands in a script file that can be executed repeatedly without having to type them out each time. This lesson will introduce students to the basics of shell scripting, including how to create and execute scripts, use variables, and work with loops.
## Section 2: Creating a Script
To create a shell script, you need to write your commands in a file with a .sh extension. You can use any text editor to write your script, but it's best to use one that supports syntax highlighting, such as Vim or Emacs. Once you've written your script, save it to a directory on your computer that is accessible by the shell.
## Section 3: Executing a Script
To execute a shell script, you need to open the terminal and navigate to the directory where the script is saved. Then, type the command "./filename.sh" (without quotes), where "filename" is the name of your script. The shell will then execute your script, running each command in order.
## Section 4: Using Variables
Variables are used to store values in a script. You can assign values to variables using the "=" operator. For example, you could assign the value "10" to a variable called "num" by typing "num=10". You can then refer to this variable later in your script by using the "$num" syntax.
## Section 5: Working with Loops
Loops are used to repeat a set of commands multiple times. In shell scripting, there are two types of loops: the "for" loop and the "while" loop. The "for" loop is used to iterate over a set of values, while the "while" loop is used to repeat a set of commands until a certain condition is met.
## Section 6: Practical Examples
Let's say you want to create a script that prints out the numbers 1 to 10. You could use a "for" loop to accomplish this:
```
#!/bin/bash
for num in {1..10}
do
    echo "$num"
done
```
This script will print out the numbers 1 to 10 in your terminal.
## Section 7: Conclusion
Shell scripting is a powerful tool that can save you time and effort when performing repetitive tasks on a Unix-based operating system. By learning the basics of shell scripting, you can create scripts that automate tasks, make your life easier, and help you become more efficient at your work.


text: Dallas Cowboys NFL Duet Wine and Cheese Cooler Tote NavyWhen a full picnic is too much, the Duet is the perfect wine and cheese tote you can take anywhere. It's an insulated tote made of 600D polyester in burgundy with black trim that has 2 compartments for wine. It comes with wine and cheese service, including a hardwood cheese board (6 x 6"), stainless steel cheese knife with wooden handle, and a stainless steel corkscrew. The adjustable shoulder strap makes it easy to carry. Convenient and practical, the Duet is perfect for wine and cheese lovers. A wonderful gift idea!

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Insulation in Picnics

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of insulation in picnics. We will explore the different types of insulation used in picnics and how they help keep food and drinks at the right temperature. We will also discuss the benefits of using an insulated tote bag for your next picnic.

Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

1. What is insulation?
Insulation is a material that is used to reduce the flow of heat or electricity. In the context of picnics, insulation helps to keep food and drinks at a consistent temperature, preventing them from getting too hot or cold.

2. Why is insulation important in picnics?
Insulation is important in picnics because it helps to maintain the quality and safety of food and drinks. When food and drinks are exposed to extreme temperatures, they can spoil quickly. Insulation helps to keep them at a safe and consistent temperature, ensuring that they are safe to eat and enjoyable to consume.

3. What are the different types of insulation used in picnics?
There are several types of insulation used in picnics, including foam, fiberglass, and cotton. Foam insulation is lightweight and easy to carry, making it a popular choice for picnics. Fiberglass insulation is more durable and can withstand high temperatures, making it ideal for outdoor picnics. Cotton insulation is breathable and allows air to circulate, keeping food and drinks fresh.

Section 2: Practical Examples

4. How does insulation work in a picnic tote bag?
Insulation works by trapping air or gas inside a material, creating a barrier between the outside environment and the contents of the tote bag. This prevents heat or cold from transferring to the food and drinks inside. For example, if you put a bottle of wine in a tote bag with insulation, the insulation will keep the wine at a consistent temperature, preventing it from getting too hot or cold.

5. Can you give me an example of an insulated tote bag?
Yes, one example of an insulated tote bag is the Dallas Cowboys NFL Duet Wine and Cheese Cooler Tote Navy. This tote bag is made of 600D polyester and comes with two compartments for wine. It also includes a hardwood cheese board, stainless steel cheese knife with wooden handle, and a stainless steel corkscrew. The adjustable shoulder strap makes it easy to carry, and the insulation helps to keep food and drinks at a consistent temperature.

Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

6. How do I choose the right insulated tote bag for my picnic?
To choose the right insulated tote bag for your picnic, consider the following factors:
- Size: Choose a tote bag that is large enough to fit all of your food and drinks, but not so large that it is difficult to carry.
- Material: Look for a tote bag made of durable materials that can withstand wear and tear.
- Insulation: Choose a tote bag with insulation that is effective at keeping food and drinks at a consistent temperature.
- Design: Consider the design of the tote bag, as it may reflect your personal style and make it more enjoyable to use.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the importance of insulation in picnics and how it helps to keep food and drinks at a safe and consistent temperature. We also explored the different types of insulation used in picnics and discussed the benefits of using an insulated tote bag. By understanding these concepts, we can make informed decisions when choosing a tote bag for our next picnic.