text:
A call for civil discourse (making room for the other)…

October 30, 2008

I received a telephone call this morning while working in the church office at Sunnyside Mennonite Church. The caller indicated that he was concerned about the possible outcome of the upcoming presidential election. He stated that he was calling local pastors to encourage them to listen to what James Dobson has to say tonight on WDAC.

I asked the caller if he could give me his name. That I preferred interacting with others by name and not as anonymous voices. He stammered around a bit and reiterated some of the issues that were important to him in the coming election–abortion, gay marriage. He did not give his name.

I asked if he is a Christian. He said that he is and that he is praying for pastors in the area with the impending election. He sounded apprehensive…fearful. I again tried to express that I preferred to engage him as a person with a name. I gave my name. As I was trying to engage with his perspectives and concerns–bringing my voice into the phone call–he hung up.

I placed the phone back on the receiver and contemplated what had just transpired. I don’t doubt the sincerity of this man’s motives. However, I cannot help but recognize the one-sided nature of the phone call. He was not interested in a give and take conversation. He was not willing to step out of anonymity and allow his voice and concerns to be put with a name. Humans have names. In that sense, the conversation was de-humanizing. Why the reluctance to be known? Why this need to hide?

Why the unwillingness to let the conversation go two ways? He was not willing to give his name, nor was he willing to listen to my voice. He controlled the conversation–by choosing that his voice would be heard in anonymity and by not allowing me to ask questions or really speak at all. I was made to be a passive receiver of the message he felt compelled to deliver. My voice was not valued. My voice was excluded. This does not seem to reflect the way of Jesus.

Conversation is a communal practice which not only means I get to speak at people, but I’m willing to listen. Even if we discover that there are differences between us, I make room for the voice of the other. I do not exclude the voice of the other, because that voice in some way threatens my sense of self.

I don’t begrudge this brother (in Christ) his views. I am merely pondering the power he gave himself to control the conversation and to exclude my voice. I see this pattern expressed repeatedly as we move into the final stretch toward the election of our next president on November 4. The forums in which this pattern is expressed vary, but the underlying dynamics are the same. Individuals projecting their voice and views onto another/others without really wanting to hear a response. Individuals many times just forwarding the words of someone else which they have not critically tested against the measurement of a broader jury.

In this sense, these kinds of communication are not truly communal or humanizing. Rather, they express the tyranny of individual voice. These patterns do not reflect a humility that is willing to submit to communal conversation–making room for the other.

Perhaps we need to step back and take a deep breath. Can all those who claim Christian faith and biblical values agree that the kingdom of God is not on the ballot this Tuesday? Can we affirm that the victory of Jesus is revealed through a cross and empty tomb, not through a particular political outcome? Can we seek not only to speak but also to listen as we attempt to express biblical values and the way of Jesus in the political arena? Perhaps the way we bring our voice (and ears) into the political fray will lend more weight to our witness than what we have to say.

For the Future of the Human Race

O God our heavenly Father, you have blessed us and given us dominion over all the earth: Increase our reverence before the mystery of life; and give us new insight into your purposes for the human race, and new wisdom and determination in making provision for its future in accordance with your will; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.

Excerpt: “Dr. Dobson, you of course have the same right as every Christian and every American to vote your own convictions on the issues you most care about, but you have chosen to insult the convictions of millions of other Christians, whose own deeply held faith convictions might motivate them to vote differently than you. This epistle of fear is perhaps the dying gasp of a discredited heterodoxy of conservative religion and conservative politics. But out of that death, a resurrection of biblical politics more faithful to the whole gospel–one that is truly good news–might indeed be coming to life.”

@ Chris: Didn’t read either Wallace or Dobson, but I would agree with Dobson’s scathing criticism of the fictional letter. It represents to me what has been devisive of the Christian faith.

– Can all those who claim Christian faith and biblical values agree that the kingdom of God is not on the ballot this Tuesday?
Great thought. Kingdom values are represented…on both sides…in very imperfect form. We ought to realize there is no side that encapsulates what the Kingdom of God altogether stands for, and therefore we must give our allegiance first to God’s Kingdom, and our ‘vote’ to whomever on Tuesday. Thanks for the post. Good thoughts.

textbook:
Lesson: Civil Discourse and Listening to Differences

Introduction:
Civil discourse is an essential skill for individuals to learn at an early age. It involves listening to others' opinions and perspectives without being judgmental or dismissive. This lesson will teach students how to engage in civil discourse and understand different perspectives.

Objectives:
1. Students will learn the importance of civil discourse.
2. Students will learn how to listen actively to others' opinions.
3. Students will learn how to express their opinions respectfully.
4. Students will learn how to identify and respect different perspectives.

Section 1: Introduction to Civil Discourse

Topic 1: What is Civil Discourse?
- Definition: A process of engaging in conversation with individuals who hold opposing views while maintaining mutual respect and empathy.
- Importance: It helps build relationships, fosters understanding, and promotes collaboration.

Topic 2: Active Listening
- Definition: Paying attention to the speaker's message without interrupting or planning a response.
- Importance: It allows individuals to understand others' perspectives better and respond appropriately.

Section 2: Practicing Civil Discourse

Activity 1: Role Play
- Divide students into pairs.
- One student will express their opinion on a topic, while the other listens actively.
- After a minute, the roles reverse.
- Debrief: Ask students to reflect on how they felt when they listened actively and how it helped them understand the other person's perspective.

Activity 2: Reflective Writing
- Ask students to write down their thoughts and feelings after engaging in civil discourse.
- Prompt: How did it feel to listen actively to someone with opposing views? Did it change your perspective on the topic?

Section 3: Applying Civil Discourse in Real Life

Topic 1: Differences in Opinions
- Discuss scenarios where individuals have different opinions, such as politics or religion.
- Prompt: How can we engage in civil discourse with individuals who hold opposing views?

Topic 2: Respecting Different Perspectives
- Discuss scenarios where individuals have different backgrounds or experiences.
- Prompt: How can we show empathy and respect for individuals with different perspectives?

Glossary:
Civil Discourse: A process of engaging in conversation with individuals who hold opposing views while maintaining mutual respect and empathy.
Active Listening: Paying attention to the speaker's message without interrupting or planning a response.
Empathy: The ability to understand and share the feelings of another.
Respect: Acknowledge the worth or authority of someone or something.

Conclusion:
Engaging in civil discourse is a crucial skill for individuals to learn. By actively listening to others' opinions and respecting different perspectives, we can foster understanding and collaboration. Apply these skills in real life by engaging in conversations with individuals who hold opposing views and showing empathy and respect for those with different backgrounds or experiences.


text: John Storella brings over 25 years of experience to biotechnology intellectual property. He loves working with early stage biotechnology companies to build strong IP portfolios, secure freedom to operate and navigate IP due diligence, which are critical for gaining investor confidence and establishing a position in the market.. John has worked in both law firms and biotechnology companies, including Fish & Neave (now Ropes & Gray), Townsend & Townsend (now Kilpatrick Townsend), Ciphergen Biosystems, Wilson Sonsini and IntegenX. Along the way, he has worked with Biogen, University of California, Affymetrix, Geron, SwitchGear Genomics, Counsyl, Cellerant and Guardant Health.. John is Principal at Storella, P.C., in Berkeley, California.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Intellectual Property in Biotechnology

## Introduction
Intellectual property (IP) plays a crucial role in the biotechnology industry. It protects the rights of inventors and creators, ensures fair competition, and promotes innovation. This lesson will introduce you to the basics of intellectual property in biotechnology, including patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets. We will cover the importance of IP in the industry, how to obtain and enforce IP rights, and real-world examples of how IP has been used to advance biotechnology.

## Section 1: What is Intellectual Property?
Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind such as inventions, designs, and artistic works. It includes patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets. These legal protections give creators recognition and financial benefit from their creations.

### Patents
A patent is a grant of exclusive rights to an invention. It allows the inventor to prevent others from making, using, or selling the invention for a limited time. Patents are important in biotechnology because they protect novel and non-obvious inventions, such as new drugs, medical devices, and methods of treatment.

### Trademarks
A trademark is a word, phrase, symbol, or design that identifies and distinguishes the source of goods or services. In biotechnology, trademarks can protect brand names, logos, and product names.

### Copyrights
Copyrights protect original works of authorship, such as written documents, software code, and artistic works. In biotechnology, copyrights can protect scientific papers, research reports, and marketing materials.

### Trade Secrets
Trade secrets are confidential information that provides an advantage over competitors. Examples include secret recipes, manufacturing processes, and customer lists. In biotechnology, trade secrets can protect proprietary information about drug formulations, production methods, and business strategies.

## Section 2: Obtaining and Enforcing IP Rights
To obtain IP rights in biotechnology, inventors must file patent applications with the appropriate government agency. The application must include a detailed description of the invention, its advantages, and how it works. The agency will review the application and decide whether to grant a patent.

Once granted, patents must be enforced to prevent infringement. This can involve legal action against those who use or sell the invention without permission. IP owners can also license their patents to others, allowing them to use the invention in exchange for royalties.

## Section 3: Real-World Examples of IP in Biotechnology
One famous example of IP in biotechnology is the case of Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal. The scientists who created her held patents on the techniques used to clone her, which helped them gain funding and support for their research.

Another example is the development of CRISPR gene editing technology. The inventors of CRISPR obtained patents on the technology, which allowed them to negotiate licensing deals with other companies and gain funding for further research.

## Glossary
- Patent: A grant of exclusive rights to an invention
- Trademark: A word, phrase, symbol, or design that identifies and distinguishes the source of goods or services
- Copyright: Protection for original works of authorship
- Trade Secret: Confidential information that provides an advantage over competitors

## Conclusion
Intellectual property is crucial in the biotechnology industry, as it protects inventions, brands, and creative works. By understanding the different types of IP and how to obtain and enforce them, inventors and creators can ensure that their work is recognized and rewarded. As you continue to learn about biotechnology, remember the importance of IP and how it has shaped the industry.


text: McAfee opens data-theft snooping service. Bolt-on acquisition. High performance access to file storage. McAfee, the US security software firm, has stumped up $20m cash for Onigma, a developer of data theft monitoring software.. This will form the basis of McAfee Data Loss Prevention, a new host-based service helping enterprises to spy on staff and contractors in case they leak company info or indulge in some intellectual property theft jiggery-pokery.. Also the service will help customers meet regulatory requirements for compliance and data protection, Onigma says. This help with the federal form-filling does not appear to extend to stock option declarations.. You want more on McAfee's new service? For canned quotes, turn this way. ®. High performance access to file storage

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Data Loss Prevention

## Section 1: What is Data Loss Prevention?
Data Loss Prevention (DLP) is a set of tools and processes that help organizations to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access, theft, or loss. DLP solutions monitor and control data flows across networks, endpoints, and applications to ensure that only authorized users can access and use sensitive data.

## Section 2: Why is DLP Important?
DLP is important because it helps organizations to protect their intellectual property, customer data, and other sensitive information from theft, loss, or unauthorized access. This is important because such incidents can lead to financial losses, damage to the organization's reputation, and legal penalties.

## Section 3: How does DLP work?
DLP works by identifying sensitive data and monitoring its use throughout the organization. It uses a combination of technologies such as encryption, access controls, and monitoring tools to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data. DLP solutions also provide reporting and analytics capabilities to help organizations identify potential data breaches and take corrective action.

## Section 4: Examples of DLP in Action
Here are some examples of how DLP can be used to protect sensitive data:

1. Monitoring Emails: DLP solutions can monitor emails for sensitive information such as credit card numbers, social security numbers, or other personally identifiable information. If such information is detected, the solution can block the email or notify the sender that the email contains sensitive information.

2. Encrypting Files: DLP solutions can encrypt files containing sensitive information so that only authorized users can access them. This ensures that even if the file is intercepted or stolen, the data remains secure.

3. Monitoring File Transfers: DLP solutions can monitor file transfers to ensure that only authorized users can transfer files containing sensitive information. This helps to prevent data leaks or unauthorized access to sensitive data.

## Section 5: Conclusion
Data Loss Prevention is an essential tool for organizations to protect their sensitive information from theft, loss, or unauthorized access. By implementing a DLP solution, organizations can ensure that their data is safe and secure, and that they are in compliance with relevant regulations and standards.

Glossary:
- DLP: Data Loss Prevention
- Sensitive Information: Data that if disclosed, could cause harm to an individual or organization
- Intellectual Property: Creations of the mind, such as inventions, designs, and artistic works, that are legally protected
- Access Controls: Technologies and processes that restrict access to sensitive data to authorized users only
- Monitoring Tools: Software that tracks and records activity on computer systems and networks
- Encryption: The process of converting data into a code to prevent unauthorized access
- File Transfer: The process of moving data from one device or system to another
- Regulation: A law or set of laws that dictate how certain activities must be carried out


text:
---- Changes since 1.360 ----
(Updates by Paul Gear <paul@gear.dyndns.org>.)
BUG: Corrected mis-handling of nested zones introduced in 1.350.
Removed debugging cruft added in 1.350.
Added support for end-of-line comments in zones, params, and shorewall.conf.
Added support for display of long zone names under the new zones format.
Added module option to disable display of long zone names in the rules file.
---- Changes since 1.350 ----
(Updates by Paul Gear <paul@gear.dyndns.org>.)
Corrected name to "Shoreline Firewall".
Correctly determine Shorewall version for beta releases.
Corrected zones file support on version 3 or greater when IPSECFILE=ipsec.
Added bug compatibility with IPSECFILE on Shorewall 3.4.0-3.4.4.
Added support for renaming firewall zone.
Added support for editing of params & shorewall.conf.
---- Changes since 1.140 ----
Added buttons for adding rules or other table entries above or below an existing entry.
Added support for OpenVPN and generic tunnels.
---- Changes since 1.150 ----
Added the ability to edit the blacklist table.
---- Changes since 1.160 ----
Added a button for manually editing a table file.
Added simple access control, written by Stephen Carville.
---- Changes since 1.170 ----
Improved access control, to limit which Shorewall tables a user can edit.
---- Changes since 1.180 ----
Added Module Config page options for commands to run before and after starting, applying and refreshing Shorewall.
---- Changes since 1.200 ----
Added support for standard Shorewall actions on the rules page.
---- Changes since 1.240 ----
Added support for the providers Shorewall table.
---- Changes since 1.250 ----
Updated the module to support new options and columns in Shorewall version 3, such as macros, the new zones table and so on.
Several records can be deleted at once from any table using checkboxes next to them.
---- Changes since 1.320 ----
Comments can now be created and edited in the rules table (and a few others), when running Shorewall 3.3.3 or higher.
Added logging so that changes made using the module show up in the Webmin Actions Log module.
---- Changes since 1.390 ----
Blacklist rules can now match any host.
---- Changes since 1.480 ----
Added a button to create a shorewall dump, thanks to a patch by Paul Gear.
---- Changes since 1.500 ----
New rules are added after the SECTION NEW line, if there is one.
---- Changes since 1.590 ----
Added a new page for editing routing rules.
Sort macros in the list of possible actions.
Further corrections to the official name.

source: minipile

textbook:
# Lesson: How to Use Shorewall
Shorewall is a powerful tool for configuring firewalls on Linux systems. It allows you to create complex rulesets with ease, making it a popular choice for many system administrators. In this lesson, we will cover the basics of using Shorewall, including how to install it, configure it, and test your firewall rules.
## Installation
To install Shorewall, you will need to have a Linux system installed with the necessary dependencies. Most modern distributions come with these pre-installed, but if not, you can install them using your package manager. Once installed, you can verify that Shorewall is working by running the `shorewall-config` command.
## Configuration
Once installed, you will need to configure Shorewall to work with your network. This involves creating a zones file that lists all the networks and hosts that you want to allow traffic to and from. You can create this file manually or use the `shorewall-zones` command to generate one automatically based on your network configuration.
Next, you will need to create a rules file that specifies which ports and protocols are allowed to pass through your firewall. This file uses a syntax similar to that of iptables, but with some additional features to make it easier to use. You can either write the rules manually or use the `shorewall-rules` command to generate them automatically based on your zones file and other settings.
Finally, you will need to configure any additional options that you want to use, such as logging or monitoring. These options are specified in the `shorewall.conf` file.
## Testing
Once you have configured Shorewall, you will need to test your rules to ensure that they are working correctly. You can do this by attempting to connect to your network from outside and checking whether the connections are being blocked or allowed as expected. You can also use tools like `nmap` or `tcpdump` to monitor traffic and ensure that it is being filtered according to your rules.
## Conclusion
In conclusion, Shorewall is a powerful tool for configuring firewalls on Linux systems. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can install and configure Shorewall to meet your specific needs. With its intuitive interface and extensive feature set, Shorewall is an excellent choice for anyone looking for a robust and flexible firewall solution.


text: >>. Event Photography. Parties, Reunions, Corporate Events. Includes candid portraits of all Guests, plus any requested photographs of any special groups and any activities you may have, skits, etc.. Basic Photography. $125 per hour (2 hr minimum). Flash Drive with all edited Photos delivered in 3 days.. STUDIO OPTIONS. We can set up a portable portrait studio and take portraits of all your guests. 4 x 6 prints will be mailed to you within a week, or an option is INSTANT PRINTS, where we print out 4 x 6 prints for each guest right there on the spot. This is an additional option to regular photography. The cost for the portable studio is an additional $650 and the INSTANT PRINT upgrade is $995 .

textbook:
## Lesson: Introduction to Event Photography
### Section 1: Overview of Event Photography
Event photography is the art of capturing moments and memories during events such as parties, reunions, and corporate events. It involves taking candid portraits of all guests, as well as any requested photographs of special groups and activities.
### Section 2: Types of Event Photography
There are two main types of event photography: basic photography and studio options. Basic photography involves taking photos of all guests and any requested groups or activities. Studio options involve setting up a portable portrait studio to take professional-quality portraits of all guests.
### Section 3: Services Provided by Event Photographers
Event photographers provide several services, including:
- Taking candid portraits of all guests
- Taking any requested photographs of special groups and activities
- Delivering edited photos on a flash drive within three days
- Mailing 4x6 prints to clients within a week
- Setting up a portable portrait studio for professional-quality portraits
- Providing instant prints for guests at the event
### Section 4: Cost of Event Photography
The cost of event photography varies depending on the services provided. Basic photography costs $125 per hour with a two-hour minimum. Studio options cost an additional $650 for the portable studio and $995 for instant prints.
### Section 5: Conclusion
Event photography is a valuable service that helps capture memories and moments during events. By understanding the different types of event photography and the services provided by event photographers, you can make an informed decision about whether event photography is right for your event.


text: Sage gets personal. There are lots of reasons to love Sage. With ICS, you have even more. If Sage is already at the heart of your organisation, ICS can help you tailor it for even better performance. If you want to introduce Sage, ICS can help you connect it to existing systems, and fit into the way you work.. Sage. Think of Sage as the lifeblood of your business: ICS in Exeter, Devon helps it flow smoothly. Sage data can flow into Excel®, so you see the bigger picture. Data can flow into Sage from other systems, instantly and automatically. No hold-ups. No formatting glitches. No human errors, or lost information.. Expert. ICS is also expert at creating Sage-friendly applications: applications that talk Sage’s language, and know how to get the most from it. So, Sage captures important data from your most vital functions: from sales order processing to stock control, and from purchasing to payroll.. Don’t wait to personalise Sage. Call ICS now, and discover how a great product can put you centre stage.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Accounting Software

### Section 1: What is Accounting Software?
Accounting software is a computer program designed to manage financial transactions, track inventory, and generate financial reports. It automates the process of recording, summarizing, and reporting financial and accounting information.

### Section 2: Why Use Accounting Software?
There are several reasons why businesses use accounting software. These include:

1. Accuracy: Accounting software reduces the risk of errors by automating calculations and validations.
2. Efficiency: It saves time by reducing manual data entry and minimizing the need for paper-based processes.
3. Control: It provides real-time visibility into financial performance and helps identify potential issues before they become serious.
4. Compliance: It ensures that financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).
5. Insights: It generates reports that provide valuable insights into business performance and help make informed decisions.

### Section 3: How Does Accounting Software Work?
Accounting software works by integrating with other systems such as bank accounts, credit cards, and inventory management systems. It records and summarizes financial transactions, generates invoices and receipts, and tracks expenses and revenues. It also calculates taxes, generates financial statements, and produces reports on profitability, cash flow, and other key metrics.

### Section 4: Types of Accounting Software
There are two main types of accounting software: desktop and cloud-based. Desktop software is installed on a computer and runs locally, while cloud-based software is accessed via the internet and runs on remote servers. Both types have their advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on the specific needs of the business.

### Section 5: Features of Accounting Software
Accounting software typically includes features such as:

1. General Ledger: A systematic record of all financial transactions.
2. Invoicing: Generation of invoices to customers for goods or services provided.
3. Receivables: Tracking of amounts owed to the business by customers.
4. Payables: Tracking of amounts owed by the business to vendors or suppliers.
5. Bank Reconciliation: Comparison of bank statements with the accounting records.
6. Inventory Management: Tracking of goods and materials used in production.
7. Payroll: Processing of employee pay and deductions.
8. Reporting: Generation of financial statements and other reports.

### Glossary:
- General Ledger: A systematic record of all financial transactions.
- Invoicing: Generation of invoices to customers for goods or services provided.
- Receivables: Tracking of amounts owed to the business by customers.
- Payables: Tracking of amounts owed by the business to vendors or suppliers.
- Bank Reconciliation: Comparison of bank statements with the accounting records.
- Inventory Management: Tracking of goods and materials used in production.
- Payroll: Processing of employee pay and deductions.
- Reporting: Generation of financial statements and other reports.


text: Monthly newsletter: Read the latest issue. Learn more about our degree programs and admission requirements. Find the information you need to conduct your research and academic studies. See KCUMB's beautiful campus. See faculty research interests. See five-year campus master plan. KCUMB's Office of Community Clinical Education administers all student clinical training programs offered through the KCUMB curriculum.. In these elective clerkship experiences, students focus on the development and execution of a guided research project or participate with an existing study. Emphasis is placed on the integration of research into medical practice to prepare for more advanced study in the discipline. These clerkships take place in a wide variety of clinical, hospital or laboratory settings. All elective research clerkships are awarded five semester credits and graded S/U.. 1750 Independence AvenueKansas City, Mo. 64106-14531-800-234-4847 | 816-654-7000

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read a Monthly Newsletter

**Introduction:** Reading a monthly newsletter can provide valuable information about a university's degree programs, admission requirements, faculty research interests, and campus master plan. In this lesson, we will teach you how to read a monthly newsletter effectively.

**Section 1: Reading Strategies**

1.1. Start with the headings: Scan the headings of the newsletter to get an overview of the content. This will help you identify the most important information and prioritize what you want to read.

1.2. Read the introduction: Begin by reading the introduction to understand the purpose of the newsletter and its target audience. This will help you determine whether the content is relevant to your needs.

1.3. Skim the body: Once you have identified the most important information, skim through the body of the newsletter to gather additional details. Use your finger to guide your eyes and avoid reading every word.

1.4. Look for visuals: Pay attention to any visuals, such as images, charts, or graphs, as they can convey important information quickly and efficiently.

**Section 2: Understanding the Content**

2.1. Identify the main ideas: As you read, try to identify the main ideas of each paragraph. This will help you remember the content better and understand the overall message of the newsletter.

2.2. Take notes: If you come across information that you find interesting or useful, take notes. You can use a notebook or a digital tool like Evernote to jot down important points.

2.3. Ask questions: As you read, ask yourself questions to clarify your understanding of the content. For example, if you read about a new degree program, you might ask what courses are included in the program and what are the admission requirements.

**Section 3: Applying the Content**

3.1. Relate the content to your studies: Think about how the information in the newsletter relates to your academic studies. For example, if you are interested in pursuing a degree in medicine, you might be interested in learning about the faculty research interests or the campus master plan.

3.2. Use the content to solve problems: Apply the information you have learned to solve problems or make decisions. For example, if you are considering applying to KCUMB, you might use the admission requirements to determine whether you meet the criteria.

**Conclusion:** Reading a monthly newsletter can provide valuable information about a university's degree programs, admission requirements, faculty research interests, and campus master plan. By following the strategies outlined in this lesson, you can effectively read and understand the content of a newsletter and apply it to your studies or decision-making process.

**Glossary:**
- Newsletter: a regular publication that provides information, news, and updates on a particular topic or organization.
- Degree program: a series of courses and requirements that lead to a degree, such as a Bachelor's, Master's, or Doctoral degree.
- Admission requirements: the conditions that must be met by applicants for admission to a university or program.
- Faculty research interests: the areas of study that faculty members are interested in researching and studying.
- Campus master plan: a long-term plan for the development and improvement of a university's physical campus.


text: TALLAHASSEE – A House committee voted Thursday for a bill that would shield legislators and their staffs from ever being required to testify or produce public records when they get sued.. The Republican-controlled Legislature's proposal to grant itself what's called "absolute privilege" in any civil suit or legal proceeding emerged for the first time Wednesday, the sixth week of the nine-week lawmaking session and less than one week after the Florida Democratic Party filed a lawsuit challenging its redistricting maps.

textbook:
Lesson: How Laws are Made

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the process of how laws are made. We will start by understanding the role of the legislative branch in creating and passing laws, and then move on to explore the different stages of the lawmaking process.

I. Understanding the Legislative Branch

A. The legislative branch is responsible for creating and passing laws.
B. This branch is made up of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives.
C. Members of the legislative branch are called legislators.

II. The Lawmaking Process

A. Bills are proposed laws that are introduced by legislators.
B. The first step in the lawmaking process is the introduction of a bill.
C. Once a bill is introduced, it goes through several stages before it becomes a law.

III. Stages of the Lawmaking Process

A. First Reading: This is the first stage where the bill is introduced and assigned a number.
B. Committee Hearing: The bill is discussed and debated in a committee.
C. Second Reading: The bill is read again on the floor of the House or Senate.
D. Third Reading: The final vote on the bill takes place.
E. If the bill passes both houses, it goes to the governor for signing or veto.
F. If the governor signs the bill, it becomes a law. If not, it goes back to the legislature.

IV. Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the role of the legislative branch in creating and passing laws. We also explored the stages of the lawmaking process, from the introduction of a bill to its final passage as a law. By understanding these steps, we can better appreciate the complexity and importance of the lawmaking process.

Glossary:
- Legislative Branch: The branch of government responsible for creating and passing laws.
- Bill: A proposed law introduced by a legislator.
- First Reading: The first stage of the lawmaking process where a bill is introduced and assigned a number.
- Committee Hearing: A stage where the bill is discussed and debated in a committee.
- Second Reading: The second stage where the bill is read again on the floor of the House or Senate.
- Third Reading: The final stage where the bill is voted on by the entire House or Senate.
- Governor: The head of the executive branch who has the power to sign or veto a bill.


text:
Saturday, October 04, 2008

A Guy A Girl & A Pizza Place

Even TheGayGardener takes a break now & then & goes out to dinner; though never again to THE BELMONT (as you all well remember AND you can add THE BOWERY to that list but that’s a whole other blog) One of my favorite places though, is TERRONI on Beverly Blvd. One= Because it is a really cool place with a great vibe. Two= Because they serve delicious & authentic pasta & pizzas so much so that they won’t slice the pizza so don’t even embarrass yourself by asking. Three= It’s two blocks from my house so I can drink all of the Brunello Di Montelcino they can serve me!!

So I’m at TERRONI the other evening & I am waiting outside for my guest to arrive. I notice a really cute guy in a rugby shirt, smoking & talking animatedly with an exceedingly thin, waifish, blonde girl. Guy notices me “checking him out" & hides behind said blonde. No matter. I then hear them talking excitedly, perhaps arguing. They settle the argument & end up in a loving embrace. They celebrate the “truce” with another round of cigarettes. I then hear the girl addressing the guy & realize her accent is British. I suddenly realize that the couple is BALTHAZAR GETTY (as in VILLA!!) & legendary homewrecker; SIENNA MILLER! You’ll recall that Balthy just left his wife & four kids; (one of whom was just ten months old), for the distracting charms of Ms. Miller. Getty is one of the stars of a TV Show that I adore, BROTHERS & SISTERS. He is much shorter & lighter & grayer in person, I can tell you. Ms. Miller’s charms & resume still escape me!

I feel so bad about HEATHER LOCKLEAR. I think she is really troubled. As you all know by know she was arrested in Montecito for driving under the influence of prescription drugs a mere three months after getting out of Rehab. Here’s my theory: Like BRITNEY SPEARS, Heather is still in love with her former husband, BONJOVI’s RICHIE SAMBORA. And just because they cheat on you or whatever doesn’t mean you can or should leave them & expect to live happily ever after…I’m just saying. But I LOVE HEATHER! She was the femme fatale for my generation & I even watched her dreadful last series, LAX. Her character, HARLEY RANDOM (I shit you not!) once had a line that was so awful yet oddly truthful, that I wrote it down: “ Life sucks for everyone sometimes. That’s why we have jets & fast cars & alcohol & drugs, to help you get over the rough spots!”

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand a Diary Entry

Introduction:
A diary entry is a written record of personal thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Reading and understanding a diary entry can help us learn about someone's life, emotions, and perspectives. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand a diary entry by analyzing its structure, language, and context.

Section 1: Structure of a Diary Entry

A diary entry typically follows a specific structure, which includes:

1. Date: The date when the entry was written.
2. Location: The place where the entry was written.
3. Time: The time of day when the entry was written.
4. Topic: The main subject or theme of the entry.
5. Thoughts and Feelings: The writer's personal reflections and emotions.
6. Conclusion: A summary or closing statement.

Example:

Saturday, October 04, 2008

A Guy A Girl & A Pizza Place

Even TheGayGardener takes a break now & then & goes out to dinner; though never again to THE BELMONT (as you all well remember AND you can add THE BOWERY to that list but that’s a whole other blog) One of my favorite places though, is TERRONI on Beverly Blvd. One= Because it is a really cool place with a great vibe. Two= Because they serve delicious & authentic pasta & pizzas so much so that they won’t slice the pizza so don’t even embarrass yourself by asking. Three= It’s two blocks from my house so I can drink all of the Brunello Di Montelcino they can serve me!!

So I’m at TERRONI the other evening & I am waiting outside for my guest to arrive. I notice a really cute guy in a rugby shirt, smoking & talking animatedly with an exceedingly thin, waifish, blonde girl. Guy notices me “checking him out" & hides behind said blonde. No matter. I then hear them talking excitedly, perhaps arguing. They settle the argument & end up in a loving embrace. They celebrate the “truce” with another round of cigarettes. I then hear the girl addressing the guy & realize her accent is British. I suddenly realize that the couple is BALTHAZAR G

Structure Analysis:
- Date: Saturday, October 04, 2008
- Location: A Guy A Girl & A Pizza Place
- Time: Not specified
- Topic: Not specified
- Thoughts and Feelings: Not specified
- Conclusion: Not specified

Section 2: Language and Vocabulary

In this diary entry, the writer uses simple language and vocabulary. However, there are some words and phrases that may be unfamiliar or require further explanation, such as:

1. "Brunello Di Montelcino": A type of Italian wine.
2. "THE BELMONT": An unknown location.
3. "THE BOWERY": An unknown location.
4. "TERRONI": A pizza restaurant in Los Angeles.
5. "waifish": Describing a person as thin and fragile-looking.

Section 3: Context and Analysis

To fully understand this diary entry, we need to consider the context in which it was written. The writer mentions going out to dinner and mentions several locations, implying that they have been to these places before. The writer also mentions their favorite pizza place, suggesting that they enjoy eating out.

The writer seems to be describing an encounter with a couple outside of the pizza place. The writer notices the couple's behavior and realizes that they are British. This suggests that the writer may be familiar with British culture or accents.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, reading and understanding a diary entry requires paying attention to its structure, language, and context. By analyzing these elements, we can gain insight into the writer's thoughts, feelings, and experiences.

Glossary:
- Diary: A personal journal or record of daily events, thoughts, and feelings.
- Structure: The way something is organized or arranged.
- Context: The background conditions or environment in which an event occurs or a text is written.
- Analysis: The process of breaking down something into smaller parts to better understand it.

Self-Debate Discussion:

Why do people keep diaries? What are the benefits and risks of keeping a diary? Are diaries private or can they be shared with others?


text: Coretta Scott King would have been 84 years old today. The wife of civil rights icon Martin Luther King Jr. worked tirelessly after her husband’s death in 1968 to carry on his legacy and only recently began to slow down her efforts. King died in her sleep in 2006 from cardio-respiratory failure, cerebral vascular illness and ovarian cancer.. RELATED: It’s Our Turn To Help Build The Dream

textbook:
Lesson: Coretta Scott King's Legacy

**Introduction**: Coretta Scott King was an American activist and civil rights leader who played a significant role in the Civil Rights Movement in the United States. She was married to Martin Luther King Jr., a Baptist minister and leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. After her husband's assassination in 1968, she continued his work and became an advocate for African American rights, women's rights, and peace. In this lesson, we will explore Coretta Scott King's life, her contributions to the Civil Rights Movement, and her legacy.

**Section 1: Coretta Scott King's Life and Marriage to Martin Luther King Jr.**

- **Theoretical Concept:** Coretta Scott King was born in 1927 in Marion, Alabama. She grew up during the time of segregation and experienced firsthand the hardships faced by African Americans. She received a scholarship to attend Antioch College in Ohio, where she met Martin Luther King Jr. They both went on to become leaders in the Civil Rights Movement.

- **Questions and Answers:**
  - What was Coretta Scott King's childhood like?
  - How did she become involved in the Civil Rights Movement?
  - How did she meet Martin Luther King Jr.?

**Section 2: Coretta Scott King's Work as a Civil Rights Leader**

- **Theoretical Concept:** After her husband's assassination in 1968, Coretta Scott King continued his work and became an advocate for African American rights, women's rights, and peace. She founded the Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change, which works to promote Dr. King's legacy and teach nonviolence.

- **Questions and Answers:**
  - What was Coretta Scott King's role in the Civil Rights Movement?
  - How did she continue her husband's work after his death?
  - What organizations did she found to promote his legacy?

**Section 3: Coretta Scott King's Legacy**

- **Theoretical Concept:** Coretta Scott King's legacy lives on through the work of the organizations she founded and through the countless individuals she inspired. Her work for civil rights, women's rights, and peace continues to inspire people around the world.

- **Questions and Answers:**
  - What is Coretta Scott King's legacy?
  - How has her work influenced society today?
  - What can we learn from her dedication to civil rights, women's rights, and peace?

**Conclusion**: Coretta Scott King was an extraordinary woman who dedicated her life to fighting for justice and equality. Her legacy continues to inspire people around the world to work for a better future. By studying her life and contributions, we can learn valuable lessons about perseverance, determination, and the power of nonviolence.

**Glossary:**
- Civil Rights Movement: A movement in the United States from the 1950s to the 1960s that aimed to end segregation and give African Americans equal rights under the law.
- Segregation: The practice of separating people into different groups based on race or ethnicity.
- Nonviolence: The use of non-physical force to achieve a goal or result.

**Self-Debating Discussion:**
- What can we do to continue Coretta Scott King's work for civil rights, women's rights, and peace today?
- How can we use nonviolence to achieve positive change in our communities?
- What are some examples of segregation and discrimination that still exist today?


text: DESPITE the crazy summer weather, the beans have continued to flourish.. The really hot dry spell killed off a lot of the bad bugs which saw the beans plants shoot up about a metre.. As well as Blue Lake, the other varieties including Scarlet Runner Beans and Lazy Housewife are also going (ahem) bananas.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Growth of Bean Plants

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the growth of bean plants and the factors that affect their growth. We will explore the different types of beans and their characteristics, and examine the conditions that are necessary for healthy growth. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to identify the different stages of bean plant growth and understand the importance of maintaining optimal conditions for growth.

Section 1: Types of Beans
There are many different types of beans, but the most common ones are kidney beans, pinto beans, navy beans, and lima beans. These beans vary in size, shape, color, and taste. Kidney beans are usually red or brown and have a distinctive shape. Pinto beans are white or light brown and have a mild flavor. Navy beans are small and round, and they have a creamy texture when cooked. Lima beans are green and have a sweet, nutty flavor.

Section 2: Growth Stages of Bean Plants
Bean plants go through several stages of growth before they produce beans. The first stage is the germination stage, where the seed begins to sprout and grow roots. The next stage is the vegetative stage, where the plant grows leaves and stems. During this stage, the plant is not producing flowers or beans yet. Once the plant reaches a certain height, it enters the flowering stage, where it produces flowers. Finally, the plant enters the fruiting stage, where it produces beans.

Section 3: Optimal Conditions for Growth
For bean plants to grow healthy and produce beans, they need the right amount of sunlight, water, and nutrients. Bean plants need at least six hours of sunlight per day to produce energy through photosynthesis. They also need water to transport nutrients and oxygen throughout the plant. Finally, they need nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to grow strong and healthy.

Section 4: Real-World Examples
Let's imagine that you have a garden with kidney bean plants. You want to make sure that they get enough sunlight, water, and nutrients to grow healthy and produce beans. To ensure that they get enough sunlight, you should plant them in a spot that gets at least six hours of sunlight per day. To make sure they get enough water, you should water them regularly, especially during dry spells. Finally, to make sure they get enough nutrients, you can add compost or fertilizer to the soil around the plants.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the different types of beans and the growth stages of bean plants. We also learned about the optimal conditions for growth and how to apply these principles in a real-world scenario. By understanding the growth of bean plants, we can help them thrive and produce delicious beans!


text:
Torah and other religions.

As a descendant of Jewish intermarriage, the question of other religions may be highly relevant to you, especially if you profess belief in the Jewish scriptures.

Torah and Judaism do not preclude that other nations may be witnesses to their own revelations from the true God, as long as those revelations are not contradicting what is revealed thru the Torah (particularly the story of Noach and the Noachide Covenant which God established with ALL nations thru Noach). In other words, out of most religions, Judaism stands out in that it allows that other nations can have their own paths to God as well. While the Torah details the covenant between God and Israel established during the Exodus from Egypt, God is also prompt to remind Israel (lest they feel arrogant) that God has established other relationships as well: Amos 9:7 'Are you not like the Ethiopians to me, o people of Israel?', says the Lord. 'Did I not bring Israel up from the land of Egypt, and the Philistines from Caphtor, and the Arameans from Kir?'

Therefore, Judaism respects that YHWH talks to other nations too, and those relationships entail other revelations not discussed in the Torah. In is section will examine many aspects of other revelations (i.e. religions) and whether those aspects are consistent, inconsistent, or simply neutral to the world view of the Torah. We will focus initially on Christianity and Islam.

textbook:
Lesson: Comparing Religions

**Introduction**

In this lesson, we will explore the concept of comparing religions. We will learn about the similarities and differences between various religions, including Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism. We will also discuss the importance of respecting and understanding different belief systems.

**Section 1: Introduction to Comparative Religion**

Comparative religion is the study of religions with the aim of understanding their similarities and differences. This field of study helps us to appreciate the richness and variety of human religious experience. By comparing different religions, we can gain a deeper understanding of our own beliefs and practices.

**Section 2: Comparing Judaism and Christianity**

Judaism and Christianity share many common beliefs, such as the existence of one God, the importance of prayer, and the value of charity. However, there are also some significant differences between these two religions. For example, Jews do not believe in the Christian concept of the Trinity, and Christians believe that Jesus is the son of God, while Jews do not.

**Section 3: Comparing Judaism and Islam**

Judaism and Islam share many common beliefs, such as the oneness of God and the importance of prayer. However, there are also some significant differences between these two religions. For example, Muslims believe that Muhammad is the final prophet, while Jews believe that there will be another messiah who will come to restore the Jewish people to their land.

**Section 4: Comparing Hinduism and Buddhism**

Hinduism and Buddhism are two of the oldest religions in the world. Both of these religions originated in India and share many common beliefs, such as the importance of karma and reincarnation. However, there are also some significant differences between these two religions. For example, Hindus believe in many gods, while Buddhists believe in no god.

**Section 5: Conclusion**

By comparing different religions, we can gain a deeper understanding of our own beliefs and practices. It is important to respect and understand different belief systems, as this helps us to build bridges between people of different faiths. Through this lesson, we have explored the similarities and differences between Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism. By continuing to learn about other religions, we can become more informed and compassionate individuals.

**Glossary**

- Comparative religion: the study of religions with the aim of understanding their similarities and differences
- Monotheism: the belief in one God
- Trinity: the Christian belief that God exists as three distinct persons (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit)
- Messiah: a savior or liberator
- Karma: the concept of action or deed, understood as that which causes the entire cycle of cause and effect that often influences the nature of one's future existence
- Reincarnation: the belief that after death, the soul is reborn in a new body

**Self-Debate Discussion**

- How does comparing religions help us to understand our own beliefs and practices?
- What are some ways that we can respect and understand different belief systems?
- How can we use our knowledge of other religions to build bridges between people of different faiths?


text: Look for FSC®‐certified products.. BALTEK® SBC is our balsa wood core material from controlled cultivation. FSC® certification ensures that 100% of balsa wood comes from plantations and that all production steps are subject to stringent monitoring. This guarantees highest-quality balsa wood and full traceability from the end product back to the seed. BALTEK® SBC is the only FSC®-certified balsa core material (FSC-C111102). SBC has an extremely high level of rigidity and excellent stiffness to weight ratio. It can be processed with all known resin systems and processes and has excellent laminate adhesion properties. It is furthermore resistant to temperature changes, fire, and chemicals (e.g. styrenes).. BALTEK® SBC is an ideal core material made of renewable resources with a very broad range of use.. Look for FSC®‐certified products.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding FSC® Certification and Balsa Wood Core Material

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about FSC® certification and balsa wood core material. We will understand the importance of using FSC®-certified products and how they contribute to sustainable forestry. We will also explore the properties of balsa wood core material and its applications in various industries.

Section 1: Understanding FSC® Certification

Topic 1: What is FSC® Certification?
FSC® certification is a voluntary certification system that promotes responsible forestry practices. It ensures that the wood used in the production of a product comes from well-managed forests that meet certain environmental, social, and economic standards.

Topic 2: Why is FSC® Certification Important?
FSC® certification is important because it helps to protect the world's forests. By choosing FSC®-certified products, consumers can be confident that their purchases are not contributing to deforestation or other negative environmental impacts.

Topic 3: What are the Benefits of FSC® Certification?
The benefits of FSC® certification include:
- Protection of forests and wildlife habitats
- Promotion of sustainable forestry practices
- Improved worker's rights and welfare
- Environmental conservation

Section 2: Balsa Wood Core Material

Topic 1: What is Balsa Wood?
Balsa wood is a lightweight, fast-growing wood that is commonly used in the production of core materials for various applications.

Topic 2: What are the Properties of Balsa Wood Core Material?
The properties of balsa wood core material include:
- High strength-to-weight ratio
- Excellent stiffness
- Resistance to temperature changes, fire, and chemicals
- Good laminate adhesion properties
- Wide range of use in various industries

Section 3: Applications of Balsa Wood Core Material

Topic 1: What are the Applications of Balsa Wood Core Material?
Balsa wood core material is used in various applications, including:
- Boat building
- Aerospace industry
- Surfboards
- Wind turbine blades
- Sandwich panels

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding FSC® certification and balsa wood core material is essential for making informed decisions about the products we purchase. By choosing FSC®-certified products, we can contribute to sustainable forestry practices and protect the environment. Balsa wood core material is a versatile and durable material that has many applications in different industries. By applying the knowledge gained from this lesson, we can make a positive impact on the world around us.

Glossary:
- FSC®: Forest Stewardship Council
- Certification: A process by which a third party assesses and confirms that specific requirements have been met
- Sustainable: Able to be maintained at a certain rate or level
- Core material: A material used as the central part of a structure, often with additional materials added to it
- Rigidity: The ability of a material to resist deformation under stress
- Stiffness: The ability of a material to resist bending or twisting
- Weight ratio: The relationship between the weight of a material and its strength or stiffness
- Laminate: A thin layer of material that is bonded together with other layers to form a composite material
- Adhesion: The tendency of two dissimilar materials to stick together
- Resistance: The ability of a material to oppose or withstand something
- Temperature changes: Fluctuations in temperature
- Fire: The process of burning something
- Chemicals: Substances with particular chemical properties that interact with other substances in a specific way
- Styrenes: A class of organic compounds with the general formula R-CH=CH-R'


text:
Q:

Are expectation of with replacement and without replacement same? When?

I have $k_1$ red balls and $k_2$ green balls in a box. These balls are select by a uniform distribution. Randomly select $n$ balls from the box. Let $X$ be random variable that counts number of red ball after $n$ trails. What is expected number of red ball after $n$ trails if

These balls are uniform randomly select with replacement
These balls are uniform randomly select without replacement

Are these expectation similar? When?
This is what I did:
For with replacement case, I followed the answer at What is the probability that selects $i$ red ball and $n-i$ green ball, with replacement? and got the result as
$$E_1(X)=n \frac{k_1}{k_1+k_2}$$
In case of without replacement, I follow the Hypergeometric distribution
$$E_2(X)=\sum_i^{k_1}  \frac{\binom{k_1}{i}\binom{k_2}{n-i}}{\binom{k_1+k_2}{n}} i$$
Thanks all
This is MATLAB simulation for two cases. I saw that these expectation are same. Why?.
k1=8;k2=8;n=13;
%% With replacement
sum_E1=n*k1/(k1+k2);
%% Without replacement
sum_E2=0;
for i=0:k1
    if ((n-i>k2)|(n-i<0))
        continue;
    else
        sum_E2=sum_E2+i*nchoosek(k1,i)*nchoosek(k2,n-i)./nchoosek(k1+k2,n);
    end
end
sum_E1
sum_E2

A:

Actually, no, it is not a uniform distribution. I hope you found out that in case 1, $X$ follows a binomial distribution with $n$ trials, and $p = k_1/(k_1+k_2)$. You should be familiar with the fact that
$$E[X] = np.$$
Further, you seem to be familiar with the fact that in case 2, $X$ follows a hypergeometric distribution with $n$ trials, $N = k_1+k_2$ total balls, and $G = k_1$ red balls. You should be familiar with the fact that
$$E[X] = n\cdot \frac{G}{N}.$$
Notice that $n\cdot G/N = n\cdot k_1/(k_1+k_2) = np$. The most you can draw in case 2 are $k_1+k_2$ balls, so the two will be the same when $0\leq n\leq k_1+k_2$. Also, I assume that "These balls are select by a uniform distribution." means that you draw the balls fairly/impartially from the box, not that there is some underlying uniform distribution that is not revealed.

textbook:
Lesson: Probability of Selecting Red and Green Balls from a Box

Introduction:

In this lesson, we will learn about the probability of selecting red and green balls from a box when choosing a certain number of balls with and without replacement. We will also compare the expected number of red balls after a certain number of trials for both cases.

Objectives:

- Understand the concept of probability
- Calculate the expected number of red balls after a certain number of trials
- Compare the expected number of red balls for both with and without replacement cases

Prerequisites:

- Basic knowledge of probability
- Knowledge of the hypergeometric distribution

Section 1: Probability of Selecting Red and Green Balls

Let's consider a box containing $k_1$ red balls and $k_2$ green balls. We want to find the probability of selecting $i$ red balls and $n-i$ green balls, where $n$ is the total number of balls selected.

For with replacement case:

If the balls are uniformly distributed and we select $n$ balls with replacement, then the probability of selecting $i$ red balls and $n-i$ green balls is:

$$P(X=i) = \frac{k_1!}{(k_1-i)!i!(n-i)!} \cdot \frac{(n-i)!}{(n-i-k_2)!i!(k_2)!}$$

For without replacement case:

If the balls are uniformly distributed and we select $n$ balls without replacement, then the probability of selecting $i$ red balls and $n-i$ green balls is:

$$P(X=i) = \frac{\binom{k_1}{i}\binom{k_2}{n-i}}{\binom{k_1+k_2}{n}}$$

Section 2: Expected Number of Red Balls After a Certain Number of Trials

Now let's calculate the expected number of red balls after $n$ trials for both with and without replacement cases.

For with replacement case:

Using the formula for the expected value of a discrete random variable, we get:

$$E_1(X) = n \cdot \frac{k_1}{k_1+k_2}$$

For without replacement case:

Using the hypergeometric distribution, we get:

$$E_2(X) = \sum_{i=0}^{k_1} \frac{\binom{k_1}{i}\binom{k_2}{n-i}}{\binom{k_1+k_2}{n}} i$$

Section 3: Comparison of Expected Number of Red Balls

We can see that the expected number of red balls after $n$ trials is the same for both cases when the number of red balls is much larger than the number of green balls ($k_1 \gg k_2$). This is because the probability of selecting a red ball is much higher than the probability of selecting a green ball, and the expected value is linear in the probability.

However, when the number of green balls is much larger than the number of red balls ($k_2 \gg k_1$), the expected number of red balls after $n$ trials is smaller for the without replacement case compared to the with replacement case. This is because the probability of selecting a red ball decreases as more green balls are selected.

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned about the probability of selecting red and green balls from a box when choosing a certain number of balls with and without replacement. We also compared the expected number of red balls after a certain number of trials for both cases and found that they are the same when the number of red balls is much larger than the number of green balls. However, when the number of green balls is much larger than the number of red balls, the expected number of red balls after $n$ trials is smaller for the without replacement case compared to the with replacement case.

Glossary:

- Probability: A measure of the likelihood of an event occurring
- Hypergeometric distribution: A discrete probability distribution that models the number of successes in a fixed number of trials
- Expected value: A measure of the average value of an investment or asset over a period of time
- Discrete random variable: A random variable that can take on only a finite number of values

[1] "What is the probability that selects i red ball and n-i green ball, with replacement?" [Online]. Available: https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/3752967/what-is-the-probability-that-selects-i-red-ball-and-n-i-green-ball-with-repl


text: PTR - January 29, 2015. The Kremlin's chief of staff says corruption poses a direct threat to Russia’s national security - proposing tough measures to tackle the problem; Catching a legal ride in Moscow could prove hard next month - cab drivers are planning to go on strike over low tariffs, saying competition from mobile apps such as Yandex Taxi is driving them off the market; Russian gun maker Kalashnikov slams US plans to manufacture automatic rifles using its brand name - that's after an American arms producer applies to register it as a trademark.

textbook:
**Lesson:** Understanding Current Events

**Introduction:** In today's fast-paced world, staying informed about current events is essential. Whether you're a student, a professional, or just someone who wants to be aware of what's happening around the world, understanding current events can help you make informed decisions and participate in conversations with confidence. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and interpret news articles, identify key points, and analyze the information presented.

**Section 1: Reading and Interpreting News Articles**

**Topic 1:** How to read a news article
- Start by reading the headline and lead paragraph to get an overview of the story.
- Skim the article to get a general idea of the content.
- Read the article carefully, focusing on the main points and important details.
- Look for any additional information, such as quotes from experts or sources.

**Topic 2:** Identifying key points
- Look for the who, what, when, where, why, and how of the story.
- Identify the main players (people, organizations, or institutions involved).
- Determine the timeline of events.
- Understand the context and significance of the story.

**Topic 3:** Analyzing information
- Consider the source of the information and their credibility.
- Evaluate the evidence presented in the article.
- Compare the information presented with other sources to verify its accuracy.
- Think critically about the story and consider alternative explanations or perspectives.

**Section 2: Practical Examples**

**Example 1:** Let's say you're reading an article about a new law that was passed in your country. By following the steps outlined in Section 1, you can identify the key points of the law, such as what it does and does not allow, who it affects, and when it will go into effect. You can also analyze the information presented to determine if it's reliable and accurate.

**Example 2:** Suppose you're reading an article about a natural disaster that occurred in another part of the world. By using the steps outlined in Section 1, you can identify the key points of the disaster, such as the number of people affected, the extent of the damage, and the response of the government and relief organizations. You can also analyze the information presented to determine if it's reliable and accurate.

**Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions**

**Topic 1:** Should governments be allowed to censor news articles that they deem to be false or misleading?
- Pro: Censorship can prevent the spread of misinformation and protect national security.
- Con: Censorship can limit freedom of speech and prevent the public from accessing important information.

**Topic 2:** Is it possible for individuals to have a significant impact on addressing global issues, such as climate change or poverty?
- Pro: Individual actions can add up to create a collective impact.
- Con: Individual actions may not be enough to overcome the scale and complexity of global issues.

**Glossary:**
- Credibility: the quality of being trustworthy and reliable
- Context: the environment or surroundings in which an event or activity takes place
- Evidence: data or facts that are used to support a claim or argument
- Perspective: a particular viewpoint or attitude towards something

**Conclusion:** Understanding current events is an essential skill that can help you stay informed and engaged with the world around you. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can read and interpret news articles, analyze information, and engage in critical thinking to develop your own opinions and perspectives.


text: Harris'. Online Reservations. The Boardroom features a large round table that can accommodate 8-12 guests and is ideal for an intimate business or social dinner.. The Library is perfect for a small business dinner or social gathering for 15-22 guests in a cozy, book-lined room, accented by brass fixtures and a fireplace.. The Skylight Room is our largest private dining room. This is an ideal setting for dinner, corporate meetings, speaker programs and special events. This luxurious room is adorned with rich Honduras mahogany paneling, a skylight and a private bar. We also provide a screen and podium with no additional charges. The Skylight Room can seat 20-72 guests for dinner and 100 for a cocktail reception.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand Restaurant Menus

Introduction:
Restaurant menus are an essential part of dining out. They provide information about the food and drinks available, their prices, and any special offers or promotions. Reading and understanding restaurant menus can be challenging for some people, especially if they contain unfamiliar terms or complex descriptions. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand restaurant menus by breaking down the different elements and analyzing them.

Section 1: Understanding the Menu Structure

Topic 1: Appetizers
Appetizers are small plates that are served before the main course. They are usually meant to be shared and are designed to whet your appetite. Some common types of appetizers include soups, salads, and dips.

Topic 2: Entrees
Entrees are the main courses of a meal. They are usually the most expensive dishes on the menu and are meant to be the focal point of the meal. Entrees can be made from meat, fish, poultry, vegetables, or grains, and can be served with a variety of side dishes.

Topic 3: Sides
Sides are the accompanying dishes that are served alongside the entree. They can be vegetables, starches, or sauces, and are meant to complement the flavors of the main course.

Topic 4: Desserts
Desserts are the sweet courses that are served at the end of a meal. They can be fruit-based, chocolate-based, or made with other ingredients. Desserts are usually served in small portions and are meant to be enjoyed by everyone at the table.

Section 2: Understanding Menu Terms

Topic 1: Culinary Techniques
Culinary techniques are the methods used to prepare food. They can include cooking, roasting, grilling, frying, and baking. These techniques can affect the taste, texture, and appearance of the food.

Topic 2: Ingredients
Ingredients are the components of a dish. They can include meats, vegetables, grains, spices, and herbs. Understanding the ingredients in a dish can help you determine its flavor profile and decide if it is something you would enjoy.

Topic 3: Cooking Styles
Cooking styles refer to the way a dish is prepared. For example, Italian cuisine often uses garlic, olive oil, and tomatoes, while Indian cuisine relies heavily on spices and curry powders. Understanding the cooking style of a dish can help you determine if it is something you would enjoy.

Section 3: Analyzing Menu Descriptions

Topic 1: Vocabulary
Menu descriptions often use specific vocabulary to describe the flavors, textures, and appearances of the dishes. By analyzing this vocabulary, you can get a better understanding of what the dish might taste like.

Topic 2: Preparation Methods
Menu descriptions may also include information about how the dish was prepared. For example, a dish that is pan-seared has a different flavor and texture than one that is slow-cooked. Understanding the preparation method can help you determine if a dish is something you would enjoy.

Topic 3: Special Diet Restrictions
Some menus may include symbols or descriptions indicating that a dish is gluten-free, vegetarian, or vegan. Understanding these symbols and descriptions can help you make informed decisions about which dishes to choose.

Conclusion:
By understanding the structure of a menu, the different culinary techniques and ingredients used, and the vocabulary and preparation methods described, you can become a savvy menu reader. With practice, you will be able to confidently order dishes that you will enjoy and appreciate the nuances of each dish.

Glossary:
- Appetizer: A small plate served before the main course
- Entrée: The main course of a meal
- Side: A dish served alongside the entrée
- Dessert: A sweet course served at the end of a meal
- Culinary technique: A method used to prepare food
- Ingredient: A component of a dish
- Cooking style: A way of preparing food
- Gluten-free: A dish that does not contain gluten
- Vegetarian: A dish that does not contain meat
- Vegan: A dish that does not contain any animal products.


text: Chain Maille = a type of armor consisting of small metal rings linked together to form a mesh. Although most historical chain maille was armor, jewelry techniques were also used by cultures as diverse as the Vikings and ancient Egyptians.. L Chain Maille is a modern interpretation of those ancient techniques. Old weaves have been modified to create beautifully intricate jewelry that can be worn by anyone (man or woman) in both formal and casual settings.

textbook:
Lesson: Creating Chain Maille Jewelry

Introduction:
Chain maille is a type of jewelry made from small metal rings linked together to form a mesh. This technique has been used for centuries by various cultures, including the Vikings and ancient Egyptians. In this lesson, we will learn about the history of chain maille, the materials used, and the different types of weaves. We will also explore the steps involved in creating chain maille jewelry and practice our skills by making a simple bracelet.

Section 1: History and Materials
- Chain maille has been used for centuries by various cultures as armor, but it was also used for jewelry.
- The materials used in chain maille include metals such as copper, brass, bronze, and silver.
- There are two main types of chain maille weaves: round and square.

Section 2: Types of Weaves
- Round weave is the most common type of chain maille weave and is created by using round rings.
- Square weave is created by using square rings and is more difficult to make than round weave.
- There are many variations of both round and square weaves, including Byzantine, Italian, and French weaves.

Section 3: Creating Chain Maille Jewelry
- Gather materials such as metal rings, pliers, and jump rings.
- Cut the metal rings to the desired size.
- Open and close the jump rings to create the weave.
- Continue adding rings until the desired length is reached.
- Attach a clasp to the end of the chain maille.

Section 4: Practice Makes Perfect
- Create a simple bracelet by following the steps outlined in Section 3.
- Practice different weaves and variations to create unique and intricate designs.
- Experiment with different colors and metals to create personalized jewelry.

Conclusion:
Creating chain maille jewelry is a fun and rewarding hobby that allows for creativity and self-expression. By understanding the history and materials used in chain maille, as well as the different types of weaves, you can create beautiful and intricate pieces that can be worn by anyone. With practice, you will become more skilled and confident in your abilities to create stunning chain maille jewelry.


text:
Chhoti Anandi

Chhoti Anandi () is a 2016 Indian animated television series produced by Sphere Origins, and animated by HopMotion. The show was simulcasted on Colors and Rishtey. This series premiered on 17 January 2016 and 10 April 2016. The show is based on the TV show Balika Vadhu.

The show showcases the story of Anandi before she was married.

Synopsis
Anandi is an eight-years-old wise and mischievous girl. She with her 4 friends Nattu, Chikku, Phuli and Champa form the Chhote Sipahi group and courageously face difficult situations and emerge victorious.

Characters
Anandi: Anandi is a beautiful, eight-year-old righteous and courageous girl. She is very wise and solves everyone's problems.
Phuli: Phuli is Anandi's best friend and her right hand. She charms everyone with her innocence and cuteness and is very gullible and naive.
Nattu: Nattu is very competitive. He tries to outdo and always opposes Anandi.
Champa: Champa is the oldest member of the group. She is conformist and very practical. She likes to stay pretty.
Chiku: Chiku is the youngest and the most mischievous member of the group.He is also Nattu's brother. He likes to be with Choti Annandi and Nattu.

Accolades
The show won FICCI BAF award in the category of The New Animation Entrant in 2016.

References

Category:Colors (TV channel) series
Category:Colors Rishtey television series
Category:Hindi-language television programs
Category:2010s Indian television series
Category:2016 Indian television series debuts
Category:2016 Indian television series endings
Category:Indian television spin-offs
Category:Indian animated television series
Category:Indian children's television series
Category:Television shows set in Rajasthan

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Critical Thinking

Introduction:
Critical thinking is an essential skill that helps us make informed decisions and solve complex problems. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of critical thinking and learn how to apply it in various scenarios.

Section 1: What is Critical Thinking?
Critical thinking is the process of analyzing information to make informed judgments and decisions. It involves questioning assumptions, evaluating evidence, and considering alternative points of view.

Section 2: Why is Critical Thinking Important?
Critical thinking is important because it helps us to:

1. Make informed decisions: By analyzing information, we can make informed decisions based on facts rather than emotions or opinions.
2. Solve complex problems: Critical thinking allows us to break down complex problems into smaller parts, identify patterns, and find solutions.
3. Improve communication: By considering alternative perspectives, we can communicate more effectively and persuade others to our point of view.
4. Enhance creativity: By questioning assumptions, we can generate new ideas and explore innovative solutions.
5. Develop a strong foundation for learning: Critical thinking is a fundamental skill that helps us learn effectively and apply knowledge to new situations.

Section 3: How to Apply Critical Thinking
To apply critical thinking in various scenarios, follow these steps:

1. Identify the problem: Clearly define the problem you are trying to solve.
2. Gather information: Collect relevant data, facts, and opinions from various sources.
3. Analyze the information: Evaluate the credibility of sources, assess the strengths and weaknesses of arguments, and identify patterns or trends.
4. Generate alternatives: Consider multiple perspectives and potential solutions.
5. Evaluate and choose the best solution: Compare the alternatives, consider the pros and cons, and choose the most effective solution based on available evidence.
6. Implement and monitor the solution: Put the chosen solution into action and monitor its effectiveness.
7. Learn from experience: Reflect on the outcome and use the experience to improve future decision-making processes.

Section 4: Practical Examples
Let's consider a few examples to apply critical thinking:

Example 1: Should I invest in stocks?
You have $10,000 to invest and are considering putting it into stocks. After researching the market, you gather the following information:
- The stock market has been performing well over the past year.
- However, there is a possibility of a recession in the coming months.
- Some experts predict that the market will continue to grow, while others believe it will decline.
Using critical thinking, you analyze the information and decide not to invest in stocks at this time due to the potential risk of a recession.

Example 2: Should I switch careers?
You have been working as an accountant for five years but are considering switching to a career in graphic design. After researching the field, you gather the following information:
- The job market for graphic designers is growing rapidly.
- However, there is a lot of competition in the field.
- You would need to invest time and money into learning new skills.
Using critical thinking, you weigh the pros and cons and decide to take a graphic design course part-time to see if it is the right career path for you.

Conclusion:
Critical thinking is an essential skill that helps us make informed decisions and solve complex problems. By applying critical thinking in various scenarios, we can improve our decision-making processes, communicate more effectively, and enhance our overall learning capabilities.

Glossary:
- Critical thinking: The process of analyzing information to make informed judgments and decisions.
- Informed decisions: Decisions based on facts rather than emotions or opinions.
- Complex problems: Problems that require breaking down into smaller parts to find solutions.
- Alternative perspectives: Different ways of looking at a problem or situation.
- Evidence: Facts or data used to support a claim or argument.


text: Penta-Clean Services, LLC. PO Box 1267. Nokomis, FL 34274, United States. 941-677-0086. Penta-Clean Services is a hard surface, carpet & upholstery cleaning service based in Southwest Florida. We serve both residential and commercial clients throughout Sarasota, Charlotte and Manatee counties. We know how important cleanliness is not only in your home, but also in your workplace. That's why our mission is to create healthier environments by cleaning, disinfecting and protecting the surfaces that you touch on a day-to-day basis. Call us to Today to Clean your Carpets. We pride ourselves at being the best Carpet Cleaners, the best Hard Service Cleaners in Venice, Sarasota and the surrounding areas.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Company Information

**Objective:** To learn how to extract company information from a business website.

**Glossary:**
- Company: an organization that produces or sells goods and services
- Website: a collection of related web pages, including multimedia content, typically identified with a common domain name, and published on at least one web server

**Section 1: Theory**

A company's website is a valuable source of information about the business. It contains details such as the company's location, phone number, email address, and services offered. In this lesson, we will learn how to extract this information from the Penta-Clean Services, LLC website.

**Section 2: Practice**

1. Open the Penta-Clean Services, LLC website on your browser.
2. Look for the "Contact Us" page.
3. Read through the page and identify the following information:
   - Company address
   - Phone number
   - Email address
   - Services offered
4. Copy the information into a table format.

**Table Format:**
| Company Information |
|----------------------|
| Address              | PO Box 1267, Nokomis, FL 34274, United States |
| Phone Number         | 941-677-0086 |
| Email Address        | penticleanservices@gmail.com |
| Services Offered     | Hard surface, carpet & upholstery cleaning |

**Section 3: Discussion**

Why is it important to extract company information from a business website?

- It helps in understanding the company's location, contact details, and services offered.
- It provides valuable information for potential customers and business partners.
- It helps in evaluating the credibility and reliability of the company.

**Conclusion:**

In this lesson, we learned how to extract company information from the Penta-Clean Services, LLC website. This skill is essential for anyone interested in doing business with the company or seeking their services. By understanding the importance of company information, we can make informed decisions and evaluate the credibility of businesses.


text: Don't have an account?. Designed & Delivered by a Local Shop - Learn More. A bouquet of luxurious pastel colors with contrasting spray roses. With peach roses and gerberas, interspersed with smaller contrasting spray roses plus seasonal blooms and foliage, this hand-crafted arrangement is a joy to behold. Vase included.. A bouquet of luxurious pastel colors with contrasting...

textbook:
Lesson: How to Choose the Right Flowers for Your Special Occasion
Introduction:
Flowers are a beautiful addition to any special occasion, whether it's a birthday, anniversary, or wedding. However, with so many different types of flowers available, it can be difficult to know which ones will best suit your needs. In this lesson, we will explore the different factors you should consider when choosing flowers for your special occasion, including color, style, and seasonality.
Section 1: Color
Color is one of the most important factors to consider when choosing flowers for your special occasion. Different colors have different meanings and can evoke different emotions. For example, red roses are often associated with love and passion, while yellow flowers can represent happiness and friendship. When choosing flowers, consider the overall color scheme of your event and choose flowers that will complement it.
Section 2: Style
Another factor to consider when choosing flowers for your special occasion is style. There are many different styles of flowers, including bouquets, centerpieces, and arrangements. Bouquets are a popular choice for birthdays and anniversaries, while centerpieces are often used at weddings and other formal events. Consider the style of your event and choose flowers that will complement it.
Section 3: Seasonality
Seasonality is also an important factor to consider when choosing flowers for your special occasion. Some flowers are only available during certain times of the year, while others may be more expensive during certain seasons. When choosing flowers, consider the season and choose flowers that will be in season and available at a reasonable price.
Conclusion:
Choosing the right flowers for your special occasion can be a daunting task, but by considering factors such as color, style, and seasonality, you can find the perfect flowers to make your event unforgettable. Remember to take into account the overall theme and mood of your event, and choose flowers that will complement it. With these tips in mind, you can create a stunning floral arrangement that will leave a lasting impression on your guests.


text: here are my odds that each of these texans will make the pro bowl. ill be taking bets later. andre johnson 40% demeco ryans 40% daunta robinson 30% owen daniels 20% jerome mathis 10% special teams (would be 20% if not for injury consern) jacoby jones 10% special teams matt turk 10% special teams matt schaub 10% kris brown 5% mario williams 5% other 5% vonta leach 5% ahman green 2.5% chester pitts 2.5% amobi okoye 1% cc brown .00000000000001%

textbook:
Lesson: Probability and Football

**Introduction:**

In this lesson, we will learn about probability and how it is used in football. We will start by defining what probability is and then move on to how it can be calculated. Finally, we will look at some examples of how probability is used in football.

**What is Probability?**

Probability is the chance or likelihood that an event will happen. It is usually expressed as a percentage or a fraction. For example, if you flip a coin, there is a 50% chance that it will land on heads and a 50% chance that it will land on tails.

**How is Probability Calculated?**

There are two main ways to calculate probability: by counting the number of outcomes or by using a formula. In football, we can use both methods to calculate the probability of certain events happening.

**Examples of Probability in Football**

1. **Odds of making the Pro Bowl**

The odds of each Texans player making the Pro Bowl are given in the input text. We can see that Andre Johnson has the highest chance at 40%, followed by DeMeco Ryans and Daunta Robinson, who both have a 30% chance. Owen Daniels has the lowest chance at only 20%.

2. **Special Teams**

Special teams are an important part of football, and the probability of success on these plays is often very low. For example, the odds of Jacoby Jones making a successful punt return are only 10%.

**Conclusion**

In this lesson, we have learned about probability and how it is used in football. We have seen how odds are calculated and have looked at some examples of how probability is used in football. By understanding probability, we can better understand the game and make informed decisions about who to bet on.


text: On Friday, with the many warnings of the approaching storm, we rushed out to pick all the vegetables and herbs that are not frost resistant.. We got some Basil and Mexican Mint for pesto and all these crops that could be seen in the picture.. There was no real snow in our area, but a colder night followed.. We got them just in time, and are grateful for the extra warmer days in October.. These tomatoes are SO much juicier, and tastier, than one can purchase, even when they are indoors for a few weeks!!!. They will last at least through November and December.. Only draw back with growing our own…we are reluctant to buy cucumbers and tomatoes in the winter, because they are so tasteless.. Advertisements. Thanks for sharing your gardening success and your suggestions of an earlier start next season!. Did you plant vegetables this year?

textbook:
Lesson: Growing Your Own Vegetables

Introduction:
Growing your own vegetables is a great way to enjoy fresh, healthy produce while also saving money and reducing your environmental impact. In this lesson, we will explore the benefits of growing your own vegetables, as well as the steps involved in starting and maintaining a successful vegetable garden.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is that growing your own vegetables is a rewarding and valuable experience that can lead to a healthier lifestyle, financial savings, and a greater connection to nature.

Section 1: Benefits of Growing Your Own Vegetables

Topic 1: Health Benefits
- Fresh vegetables are packed with nutrients and antioxidants that can improve your overall health and well-being.
- Homegrown vegetables are free from pesticides and other chemicals commonly used in commercial agriculture.

Topic 2: Financial Savings
- Growing your own vegetables can save you money on grocery bills, especially if you are buying organic produce.
- You can also sell excess produce at farmers' markets or through community-supported agriculture programs.

Topic 3: Environmental Benefits
- Homegrown vegetables require fewer resources to produce than those shipped from distant farms.
- Gardening can also help reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainable land use practices.

Section 2: Steps to Starting a Vegetable Garden

Topic 1: Choose a Location
- Consider factors such as sunlight, soil type, and available water sources when selecting a location for your garden.
- Make sure the area receives at least six hours of sunlight per day.

Topic 2: Prepare the Soil
- Test the soil to determine its pH and nutrient levels.
- Amend the soil with compost, manure, or other organic matter to improve its structure and fertility.

Topic 3: Plan Your Garden
- Choose vegetables that grow well together and have similar water and nutrient requirements.
- Consider companion planting techniques to attract beneficial insects and deter pests.

Section 3: Maintaining Your Vegetable Garden

Topic 1: Watering and Irrigation
- Water your garden deeply and regularly, especially during dry periods.
- Use drip irrigation or soaker hoses to conserve water and prevent disease.

Topic 2: Fertilizing and Mulching
- Apply organic fertilizers such as bone meal or fish emulsion to provide essential nutrients.
- Mulch around plants to retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, and suppress weeds.

Topic 3: Pest and Disease Management
- Monitor your garden regularly for signs of pests or disease and take action early to prevent damage.
- Use natural methods such as companion planting, insect-repelling plants, and hand-picking to control pests.

Section 4: Harvesting and Enjoying Your Vegetables

Topic 1: Knowing When to Harvest
- Research the optimal harvest time for each vegetable to ensure maximum flavor and nutrition.
- Be patient and wait for vegetables to reach their full size and maturity before harvesting.

Topic 2: Preserving and Storing Your Vegetables
- Learn techniques such as canning, pickling, and freezing to preserve your harvest for future use.
- Store vegetables properly in the refrigerator or a root cellar to extend their shelf life.

Conclusion:
Growing your own vegetables is a rewarding and valuable experience that can lead to a healthier lifestyle, financial savings, and a greater connection to nature. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can successfully start and maintain a thriving vegetable garden that provides fresh, delicious produce for your table.

Glossary:
- Compost: Decayed organic material used to improve soil structure and fertility.
- Nutrients: Essential elements required for plant growth, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
- PH: Measure of soil acidity or alkalinity, with a neutral reading of 7.0.
- Companion Planting: Growing different plants together that benefit each other, such as repelling pests or attracting pollinators.