text: We are recruiting to fill the position below:. Job Title: Protection Project Manager, UNICEF. Location: Potiskum, Yobe. Donor: UNICEF. Starting Date: 19th February, 2018.. Duration: 1 year. Scope of the Vacancy. - The Project Manager is responsible for the overall activities’ planning, execution and reporting of his/her projects.. - He/she is directly assigned to, and responsible of the supervision of all logistics, HR, financial and overall functioning aspects for his projects.. Under the direct supervision of the Head of base and in link with the Program Coordinator, he/she:. - Designs the detailed work plan in line with the project guidelines and description, guaranteeing the smooth implementation of all the activities on-time, on-quality and on-budget;. -.. Deadline: 19th February, 2018.. How to Apply. Interested and qualified candidates should:

textbook:
Lesson: How to Write a Job Advertisement

Introduction:
A job advertisement is a document that announces vacancies in an organization or company. It is usually written by human resource managers or recruitment officers to attract potential candidates to apply for a position. In this lesson, we will learn how to write a job advertisement by examining the structure, content, and formatting of a sample job advertisement.

Section 1: Structuring a Job Advertisement

1.1. Job Title: The first part of a job advertisement is the job title, which should be specific and accurate. It should clearly state the position being applied for.

1.2. Location: The next part of the job advertisement should indicate the location where the job is based. This helps potential applicants to know if they are eligible to apply based on their location.

1.3. Donor: If the job is funded by a donor organization, it should be indicated in this section.

1.4. Starting Date: The starting date for the job should also be included in the advertisement.

1.5. Duration: The duration of the job should be stated, whether it is permanent, temporary, or contract-based.

1.6. Scope of the Vacancy: A brief description of the job's responsibilities and duties should be included in this section.

Section 2: Contents of a Job Advertisement

2.1. Responsibilities: A detailed list of the job's responsibilities and duties should be included in this section. These should be specific and measurable.

2.2. Requirements: The qualifications, skills, and experience required for the job should be listed in this section. These should be clear and unambiguous.

2.3. Working Conditions: Any special working conditions or requirements, such as working hours, travel requirements, or physical demands, should be indicated in this section.

2.4. Benefits: Any benefits provided by the organization, such as health insurance, pension plans, or paid leave, should be listed in this section.

Section 3: Formatting a Job Advertisement

3.1. Font: The font used for the job advertisement should be easy to read and professional. Avoid using fancy fonts or colors.

3.2. Size: The size of the font should be large enough to make it easy to read but not too large that it looks unprofessional.

3.3. Margins: The margins of the job advertisement should be consistent and uniform throughout the document.

3.4. Spacing: The spacing between lines should be consistent and uniform throughout the document.

Section 4: Self-Debating Discussion

4.1. Why is it essential to be clear and concise when writing a job advertisement?

4.2. How can you ensure that the job advertisement is easy to read and understand?

4.3. What are some common mistakes to avoid when writing a job advertisement?

Conclusion:
In conclusion, writing a job advertisement requires careful consideration of the structure, content, and formatting. By following the guidelines provided in this lesson, you can create an effective job advertisement that attracts potential candidates and helps your organization find the right fit for the position.


text: Product 2/25. Charmingly Twisted - A lovely quilt made 224 charm squares. There are many precut charm packs suitable for this quilt, but it is also a great way to use up scraps. Finished size is approximately 60" x 70". Fabric requirements for top... 224 x 5" squares in a variety of colours and values 1 1/2" Yards Sashing and Border 1/2 Yard Binding 4 yards backing Another lovely quilt from Kimberly Camou.. This product was added to our catalog on Thursday 13 November, 2008.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Quilting

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

A quilt is a multi-layered textile, traditionally composed of three layers: a top layer, a middle layer of batting, and a bottom layer. The top layer is usually made of fabric pieces sewn together, while the bottom layer can be made of fabric or other materials like fleece. The batting layer provides insulation and warmth.

Quilting is the process of sewing the three layers together, either by hand or machine. This creates small pockets of air between the layers, which helps to trap heat and provide warmth.

There are many different quilt designs, ranging from simple geometric patterns to more complex designs that incorporate various techniques like appliqué, embroidery, and patchwork.

### Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's create a simple quilt using 9 patch blocks. Each block will measure 6.5 inches square.

1. Start with nine 6.5 inch squares of fabric in different colors.
2. Layer four of these squares on top of each other, with right sides facing up.
3. Sew a diagonal line from corner to corner across the four squares, creating two smaller squares and one larger square.
4. Repeat this process with the remaining five squares, so you now have six completed 9 patch blocks.
5. Arrange the blocks into rows, alternating the direction of the diagonal seam each time.
6. Sew the blocks together, pressing seams toward the center of the block.
7. Repeat this process until you have enough rows to cover your desired quilt size.
8. Add batting and backing layers to your quilt sandwich.
9. Quilt along all seams, either by hand or machine.

### Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

Why do we use batting in quilts?
- Batting provides insulation and warmth, trapping air between the layers of fabric.
- It also adds structure and stability to the quilt, helping it maintain its shape.
- Different types of batting can affect the weight, texture, and warmth of the finished quilt.

What are some common quilting techniques?
- Patchwork involves sewing small fabric pieces together to create a pattern or design.
- Appliqué is the process of attaching fabric pieces to a background fabric, often using needle and thread.
- Embroidery involves stitching patterns onto fabric using a needle and thread.
- Trapunto is a technique where fabric is layered and then stuffed to create a raised design.

### Glossary
- Batting: A middle layer of material used in quilting to provide insulation and warmth.
- Patchwork: A technique where small fabric pieces are sewn together to create a design.
- Appliqué: A technique where fabric pieces are attached to a background fabric using needle and thread.
- Embroidery: A technique where patterns are stitched onto fabric using a needle and thread.
- Trapunto: A technique where fabric is layered and stuffed to create a raised design.

### Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the basics of quilting, including the different layers and techniques involved. We also explored some practical examples and engaged in self-debating discussions to deepen our understanding. By applying these skills, we can create our own beautiful quilts that provide warmth and comfort.


text: Social Studies Support. This site is designed to provide a hub of social studies information and resources that support the academic achievement of all Colorado students.. Content support in social studies is now available through the Colorado Department of Education. Support will focus on:. - Development of internationally benchmarked quality standards.. - Aligning curriculum to standards. - Identifying model curricula. - Provide direct communication to educators in the field.. - Disseminating best practices in instruction. - Identifying and communicating promising practices from successful Colorado models.. Teaching social studies is essential for preparing students for post-secondary workforce success and responsible citizenship.Standards Implementation. Legislative requirements for Social Studies

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Social Studies

**Overview:** Social studies is an interdisciplinary subject that involves the study of history, geography, civics, and economics. It helps students develop critical thinking skills, understand the world around them, and become informed citizens. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of social studies and its connection to real-world scenarios.

**Section 1: Why Study Social Studies?**

Topic 1: Understanding the Past
- Social studies helps us understand how people lived in the past and how their actions have shaped our present.
- By studying history, we can learn from mistakes made by previous generations and avoid repeating them.

Topic 2: Understanding the Present
- Social studies helps us understand current events and issues that affect our lives.
- By studying geography, we can learn about different cultures and how they interact with each other.

Topic 3: Preparing for the Future
- Social studies helps us understand how societies function and how we can participate in shaping our future.
- By studying civics and economics, we can learn about our rights and responsibilities as citizens and how to make informed decisions.

**Section 2: How Social Studies Relates to Real-World Scenarios**

Topic 1: Historical Context
- Understanding historical events can help us make sense of current events and issues.
- For example, understanding the causes and consequences of World War II can help us understand the tensions between nations today.

Topic 2: Cultural Awareness
- Social studies helps us understand different cultures and how they interact with each other.
- By studying geography, we can learn about the physical and human characteristics of different regions and how they influence the way people live.

Topic 3: Civic Engagement
- Social studies helps us understand the principles of government and how we can participate in shaping our society.
- By studying civics, we can learn about the roles and responsibilities of different branches of government and how to engage in political processes.

**Section 3: Applying Social Studies Skills**

Topic 1: Critical Thinking
- Social studies requires us to analyze information and draw conclusions based on evidence.
- By learning to think critically, we can evaluate the credibility of sources and distinguish between fact and opinion.

Topic 2: Communication Skills
- Social studies helps us develop communication skills, such as writing, speaking, and listening.
- By learning to express our ideas clearly and effectively, we can collaborate with others and persuade them to our point of view.

Topic 3: Problem Solving
- Social studies requires us to solve problems using evidence and reasoning.
- By learning to approach problems systematically, we can make informed decisions and find creative solutions.

**Glossary:**
- Civics: The study of the principles and institutions of government and politics.
- Geography: The study of the physical and human characteristics of the Earth.
- History: The study of past events and societies.
- Economics: The study of how societies allocate scarce resources to meet unlimited wants and needs.

**Conclusion:** Social studies is an essential subject that helps us understand the world around us and prepare for the future. By developing critical thinking, communication, and problem-solving skills, we can make informed decisions and contribute to our communities.


text: Did you miss our first edition of #theSPILL in Baltimore? Here’s the recap below.. #theSPILL is an open jam session and performance series featuring professional and emerging artists. One artist is featured during the show and members of the audience can participate in the open mic/jam session throughout the night. Past featured artists have included Enoch 7th Prophet, Shameeka Dream, Nia Simmons, Brian Christopher, CynDiva, Kareema Wambuii, Chad Carter and others. September’s feature was Baltimore S.O.N. and “Fresh SPILL” artist was Evonne of Tranquil Blessings.. To be featured in #theSPILL, contact LiberatedMuseArts@gmail.com. #theSPILL currently takes place at Terra Cafe in Baltimore, MD on the 3rd Saturday of each month from 8pm-11pm.. #theSPILL is produced by Liberated Muse Arts Group. Watch past editions of #theSPILL

textbook:
Lesson: How to Create a Recap of an Event

Introduction:
In this self-taught lesson, we will learn how to create a recap of an event using Markdown formatting. We will cover three sections: theoretical concepts, practical examples, and a conclusion. Each section will increase in difficulty level, with detailed explanations of reasoning, key terms defined in the glossary, and self-debating discussions to teach critical thinking.

Theoretical Concepts:
Recaps are a summary of events that occurred at an event. They are typically written in the past tense and include important details such as who spoke, what was discussed, and any notable moments. Recaps can be written in various formats, including bullet points, numbered lists, or paragraphs.

Practical Examples:
Let's take a look at a sample recap of an event:

**Event:** #theSPILL in Baltimore
**Date:** September 2021
**Location:** Terra Cafe, Baltimore, MD
**Featured Artist:** Baltimore S.O.N.
**Open Mic/Jam Session Artist:** Evonne of Tranquil Blessings

Recap:
The third edition of #theSPILL in Baltimore was a success! Featured artist Baltimore S.O.N. brought his unique style and energy to the stage, while Evonne of Tranquil Blessings showcased her talent during the open mic/jam session. Attendees were treated to an evening of great music, art, and community.

Definitions:
- **Recap:** A summary of events that occurred at an event.
- **Featured Artist:** An artist who is given a prominent position in a show or event.
- **Open Mic/Jam Session:** A portion of the event where audience members can participate in performing or sharing their work.

Self-Debating Discussions:
- How do recaps differ from reviews?
- What makes a good recap?
- How can recaps be used to promote future events?

Conclusion:
By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can create a clear and concise recap of any event. Remember to focus on the most important details, use clear language, and engage your readers with self-debating discussions. With practice, you will become an expert at creating recaps that are both informative and engaging.


text: Andreas Ruhe. Partner. Andreas is an integral part of our Düsseldorf studio. His experience is owed to his work for »Design Hoch Drei« in Stuttgart his years of work as a freelancer. He is the perfect person for our editorial and exhibition design.. Initially educated as a state-certified graphic designer at the Academy for Communication in Stuttgart, he then studied at the University of Düsseldorf and the University of Buenos Aires, subsequently graduating as a designer at the HSD.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Write a Compelling Resume

Introduction:
A compelling resume is essential for landing your dream job. In this lesson, we will learn how to write a resume that stands out from the crowd. We will cover the following sections:

Section 1: Introduction to Resumes

**Theoretical Concepts:** A resume is a document that showcases your skills, education, and work experience. It is typically one to two pages long and is used to market yourself to potential employers.

**Questions and Answers:** Why is a resume important? What should be included in a resume? How long should a resume be?

**Definitions of Purpose:** The purpose of a resume is to provide a brief overview of your qualifications and experiences, highlighting why you are a good fit for the position you are applying for.

Section 2: Writing Your Resume

**Theoretical Concepts:** Active voice, strong action words, and concise language are essential when writing a resume.

**Questions and Answers:** What is active voice? What are strong action words? What is concise language?

**Definitions of Purpose:** The purpose of this section is to teach you how to write a clear and concise resume that highlights your skills and experiences.

Section 3: Formatting Your Resume

**Theoretical Concepts:** Formatting is crucial for making your resume easy to read and visually appealing.

**Questions and Answers:** What is formatting? How do you format a resume? What should you avoid when formatting a resume?

**Definitions of Purpose:** The purpose of this section is to teach you how to format your resume in a way that is easy to read and visually appealing.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, writing a compelling resume is essential for landing your dream job. By following the tips and techniques we covered in this lesson, you can create a resume that stands out from the crowd and showcases your skills and experiences. Remember to always use active voice, strong action words, and concise language when writing your resume. Additionally, pay attention to formatting to make your resume easy to read and visually appealing. Good luck with your job search!


text:
Q:

Can linux be windows substitute?

can i use linux as a substitute of windows? i mean Can i use MS Office, Photoshop and other softwares which i usually use in windows?

A:

You're asking this in a place where almost all of us use Ubuntu instead of Windows as our main operating system. The obvious answer is: yes.
You cannot simply install Microsoft Office and Photoshop as their programming is for Windows (or Mac). However you can install a "virtual" install of Windows under something called VirtualBox. This is like running a small computer inside of Ubuntu and it'll give you access to everything you need from Windows. Because you're running two operating systems at once you need a slightly beefier computer to get away with this.
There is also a compatibility layer called Wine that allows you to install Windows software. This often gives better performance applications with a lower resource overhead but this is traded against software support; not everything will run and what does might be buggy. You can check specific applications on http://appdb.winehq.org
Then there's alternative software. OpenOffice and GIMP are often touted as the open-source alternatives for MS Office and Photoshop. In my opinion OpenOffice will get the job done for most things. GIMP is also fine but if you're using advanced features in Photoshop, you'll probably miss a lot.
You should also consider perhaps moving certain tasks onto the web. For most of my word processing and spreadsheets, I now use Google Docs. It's completely cross platform and has some nice collaborative features. It's not as powerful as OpenOffice or MS Office but I don't need it to be.
I personally need Photoshop for my work (I'm a web developer when I'm not answering questions here) and I use VirtualBox to run a Windows XP install when I need it.

source: minipile

textbook:
## Lesson: Linux as a Substitute for Windows

### Introduction

In this lesson, we will explore the possibility of using Linux as a substitute for Windows. We will cover the basics of Linux, its advantages over Windows, and the steps to install and configure Linux on your computer. By the end of this lesson, you will have a basic understanding of how to use Linux as an alternative to Windows.

### Section 1: What is Linux?

Linux is an open-source operating system that is based on the Unix operating system. It was first released in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is free to use and distribute, and it is supported by a large community of developers who contribute to its development.

### Section 2: Advantages of Linux over Windows

There are several advantages of using Linux over Windows, including:

1. Cost: Linux is free to download and use, whereas Windows is not.
2. Stability: Linux is known for its stability and reliability, which makes it less prone to crashes and errors compared to Windows.
3. Security: Linux is considered more secure than Windows because it is less vulnerable to viruses and malware.
4. Customization: Linux allows for more customization options than Windows, which means you can tailor your operating system to your needs.
5. Compatibility: Many software programs and applications are available for Linux, and it can run on older hardware.

### Section 3: Installing and Configuring Linux

Installing Linux is a straightforward process, and it varies depending on the distribution you choose. Here are the general steps to follow:

1. Choose a Linux distribution: There are many Linux distributions available, such as Ubuntu, Debian, and Fedora. Choose one that suits your needs and download the installation media.
2. Create a bootable USB or DVD: Most Linux distributions provide tools to create a bootable USB or DVD. Follow the instructions provided by your chosen distribution.
3. Boot from the installation media: Restart your computer and boot from the installation media. Follow the on-screen instructions to install Linux.
4. Configure your system: After installing Linux, you may want to configure some settings to suit your needs. This includes changing the wallpaper, setting up a user account, and updating your system.

### Section 4: Using Linux as an Alternative to Windows

Using Linux as an alternative to Windows requires some adjustment, but it is possible to do so. Here are some tips:

1. Find alternatives to Windows software: There are many open-source alternatives to Windows software, such as LibreOffice instead of Microsoft Office and GIMP instead of Photoshop.
2. Use a virtual machine: You can install a virtual machine of Windows on your Linux system using VirtualBox or another virtualization software. This allows you to run Windows software within Linux.
3. Use Wine: Wine is a compatibility layer that allows you to run Windows software on Linux. It is not perfect, but it works for some applications.

### Conclusion

In conclusion, Linux is an excellent alternative to Windows, offering cost savings, stability, security, and customization options. While there may be some adjustments to make when transitioning from Windows to Linux, the benefits are worth it. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can install and configure Linux on your computer and begin using it as an alternative to Windows.


text:
Is Apple stepping on a university's toes with its A7 processor design? The Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF) has filed suit against the company, claiming that the iPhone 5S, iPad mini with Retina Display, and iPad Air all benefit from an information processing system developed at the University of Wisconsin - Madison and patented in 1998. The lawsuit asks for unspecified damages and an injunction stopping the sale of any product containing the A7 processor without a licensing payment — both are standard requests for these lawsuits, although WARF is asking for damages to be tripled because Apple knew of the patent and therefore willfully infringed on it.

WARF, an independent group that acts as the university's patent enforcement arm, has a mixed reputation. Unlike a purely private "troll" that buys and sells patents for litigation, WARF specifically licenses inventions that were developed by university researchers. Nonetheless, its sizable portfolio and questions about the larger effect of its lawsuits on companies and other researchers led Business Insider to dub it one of the "most fearsome patent trolls" in 2012.

Whether Apple infringed on the design, and what the patent even covers, are both questions that will only be answered after a long process of discovery and argument. Apple, however, may well settle before that point. In 2013, it was one of several companies sued by Boston University, which said it held the patent to a display technology used in the iPhone and iPad. The university announced last month that it had settled with 25 of the roughly three dozen companies involved in the suit, and while it didn't disclose the licensing fee or mention any of the companies by name, Apple is believed to have been one of the ones that made a deal. This particular patent also has a track record of success: in 2009, Intel settled a WARF lawsuit involving it.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Patent Law and Intellectual Property Rights

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of patent law and intellectual property rights, and to explain the importance of these legal protections in promoting innovation and creativity.

**Materials:** None

**Activity:**

1. Begin by asking students if they know what a patent is and why it is important. Allow them to share their thoughts and ideas.

2. Explain that a patent is a grant of exclusive rights to an inventor or their assignee for a limited period of time, usually 20 years, in exchange for public disclosure of the invention. This grant allows the inventor to exclude others from making, using, or selling the invention without permission.

3. Ask students if they can think of any reasons why someone would want to obtain a patent for their invention. Some possible answers may include: to protect their intellectual property, to prevent others from profiting off their ideas, and to gain recognition and credibility for their work.

4. Next, ask students if they can think of any challenges that might arise when trying to obtain a patent. Some possible challenges may include: the cost of applying for a patent, the complexity of the patent application process, and the possibility of other inventors already having similar patents.

5. Explain that patent law is a complex area of law that requires a deep understanding of both legal principles and technical concepts. It is therefore important for inventors to seek the advice of qualified professionals when applying for a patent.

6. Finally, ask students if they can think of any examples of patent disputes that have made headlines in recent years. Discuss some of these cases and explain how they demonstrate the importance of patent law in protecting intellectual property rights.

**Glossary:**
- Patent: A grant of exclusive rights to an inventor or their assignee for a limited period of time, usually 20 years, in exchange for public disclosure of the invention.
- Intellectual property: Any creative or artistic work, such as a literary or artistic work, a musical composition, or a cinematographic work, for example.
- Patent infringement: The unauthorized use of a patented invention or process by another party without permission from the patent holder.
- Patent troll: A person or company that purchases and holds patents for the purpose of making money by suing other companies for patent infringement, rather than producing or selling products or services.

**Conclusion:**
In conclusion, patent law and intellectual property rights are essential for promoting innovation and creativity. By granting inventors exclusive rights to their inventions, patent law encourages individuals and companies to invest time and resources into research and development. At the same time, however, the complexities of patent law can make it difficult for inventors to navigate the system without the help of qualified professionals. As students continue to explore the world of science and technology, they will undoubtedly encounter many examples of patent disputes and intellectual property rights. By understanding the basics of patent law and intellectual property rights, they will be better equipped to analyze these issues and engage in informed discussions about their implications.


text:
Assessment of cell viability, early apoptosis, and hematopoietic potential in umbilical cord blood units after storage.
Successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using stored umbilical cord blood (CB) largely depends on cell dose and quality of CB units. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of early apoptosis, in addition to cell viability and hematopoietic potential, in umbilical CB units after storage. Sixty CB units that had been cryopreserved for up to 8 years in a single public CB bank were investigated. After the CB units were thawed, cell viability and early apoptosis of total nucleated cells (TNCs), mononuclear cells (MNCs), and CD34+ cells were determined using flow cytometric method based on 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) and annexin V staining. Next, clonogenic assays to predict graft potency were performed. Postthawing cell viability values determined by 7-AAD were as follows: TNCs, 78.8% ± 5.8%; MNCs, 88.4% ± 5.8%; and CD34+ cells, 94.1% ± 3.2%. Cell viability values using 7-AAD and annexin V dual staining were as follows: TNCs, 71.2% ± 11.3%; MNCs, 83.1% ± 7.0%; and CD34+ cells, 88.8% ± 6.0%. Early apoptotic cells (7-AAD-negative and annexin V-positive cells) in TNCs, MNCs, and CD34+ cells were 6.4% ± 3.5%, 5.4% ± 3.1%, and 5.3% ± 4.1%, respectively. The corrected colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage content per 100 CD34+ cells was 67.5 ± 48.7. Postthawing cell viability determined by flow cytometric methods was in the following order: TNCs < MNCs < CD34+ cells. CD34+ cell viability was nearly identical to that of fresh CB 48 hours after collection. Necrosis or apoptosis in cryopreserved CB units did not accelerate during storage.

textbook:
Lesson: Storing and Preserving Umbilical Cord Blood

Introduction:
Umbilical cord blood (CB) is a valuable resource for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Successful transplantation depends on the quality and dose of the CB units. This lesson will teach you about the importance of assessing cell viability, early apoptosis, and hematopoietic potential in umbilical CB units after storage.

Section 1: Cell Viability
Cell viability refers to the ability of cells to perform their functions. In the context of umbilical CB units, it is essential to determine the percentage of live cells after storage. This information helps in deciding whether the CB unit is suitable for transplantation.

Questions and Answers:
1. Why is cell viability important in umbilical CB units?
Answer: Cell viability is crucial because it determines the quality and dose of the CB unit. A higher percentage of live cells increases the chances of successful transplantation.

2. How is cell viability measured in umbilical CB units?
Answer: Cell viability can be measured using flow cytometric methods based on 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) and annexin V staining.

Section 2: Early Apoptosis
Early apoptosis is a process in which cells undergo programmed cell death. It is essential to assess the degree of early apoptosis in umbilical CB units after storage to ensure that the cells are healthy and capable of regenerating.

Questions and Answers:
1. What is early apoptosis?
Answer: Early apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that occurs when cells are damaged or stressed.

2. Why is it essential to assess early apoptosis in umbilical CB units?
Answer: Assessing early apoptosis helps determine the health of the cells and their ability to regenerate. A lower degree of early apoptosis indicates a higher quality CB unit.

Section 3: Hematopoietic Potential
Hematopoietic potential refers to the ability of cells to differentiate into various types of blood cells. Assessing hematopoietic potential in umbilical CB units after storage helps in determining the suitability of the unit for transplantation.

Questions and Answers:
1. What is hematopoietic potential?
Answer: Hematopoietic potential refers to the ability of cells to differentiate into various types of blood cells, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

2. How is hematopoietic potential assessed in umbilical CB units?
Answer: Hematopoietic potential can be assessed using clonogenic assays, which measure the ability of cells to form colonies and differentiate into various blood cell types.

Conclusion:
Assessing cell viability, early apoptosis, and hematopoietic potential in umbilical CB units after storage is crucial for successful transplantation. By understanding these concepts, you can contribute to the field of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and improve patient outcomes.

Glossary:
- Cell viability: The ability of cells to perform their functions.
- Early apoptosis: A process in which cells undergo programmed cell death.
- Hematopoietic potential: The ability of cells to differentiate into various types of blood cells.


text: Antibiotics in clinical wastewater is a long-lasting problem for their remediation due to their antibacterial nature to the biological treatment process. Recent technology using photocatalytic oxidation process offers an alternative to such degradation process. This project is to fabricate a bimetallic supported catalysts for the antibiotics degradation with the aid of irradiation source. Different kinds of metal-based catalysts will be attempted and investigate their synergistic effect on their catalytic activity of antibiotics degradation.. (a) Fabrication and characterization of metallic-based catalysts. (b) Evaluation of the developed catalysts via the home-built photo reactor system. (c) Systematic study and optimization of the whole reaction system. To teach student how to prepare, characterize, and evaluate the catalytic materials. Training on different characterization techniques as well as the setup of reactor system will be given for their learning purpose.

textbook:
Title: How to Prepare, Characterize, and Evaluate Catalytic Materials for Antibiotics Degradation

Introduction:
Antibiotics are essential drugs that have saved countless lives since their discovery in the early 20th century. However, they have also become a major environmental concern due to their persistence in water systems. In this lesson, we will learn how to prepare, characterize, and evaluate catalytic materials for the degradation of antibiotics in clinical wastewater using the photocatalytic oxidation process.

Section 1: Fabrication of Metallic-Based Catalysts

1.1 What are metallic-based catalysts?
Metallic-based catalysts are materials that contain one or more metals and can enhance chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. They are widely used in various industries, including environmental applications.

1.2 How to prepare metallic-based catalysts?
There are several methods to prepare metallic-based catalysts, including impregnation, co-precipitation, and sol-gel techniques. In this project, we will use the sol-gel method to synthesize our catalysts.

1.3 What are the steps involved in the sol-gel method?
The sol-gel method involves the following steps:
1. Preparation of a solution containing metal precursors and a stabilizing agent.
2. Hydrolysis and condensation of the metal precursors to form a gel.
3. Aging of the gel to allow the formation of the desired catalyst structure.
4. Calcination to remove the stabilizing agent and form the final catalyst.

1.4 What are some common metal precursors used in the sol-gel method?
Some common metal precursors used in the sol-gel method include metal nitrates, metal chlorides, and metal acetates.

Section 2: Characterization of Metallic-Based Catalysts

2.1 What are the common characterization techniques used for metallic-based catalysts?
Some common characterization techniques used for metallic-based catalysts include X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

2.2 What information can these techniques provide about the catalysts?
These techniques can provide information about the crystal structure, morphology, composition, and surface properties of the catalysts.

Section 3: Evaluation of Metallic-Based Catalysts

3.1 How do we evaluate the performance of metallic-based catalysts?
We can evaluate the performance of metallic-based catalysts by measuring their degradation efficiency, reaction rate, and stability under different conditions.

3.2 What factors can affect the performance of metallic-based catalysts?
Some factors that can affect the performance of metallic-based catalysts include the type of metal, the amount of metal, the support material, and the reaction conditions (e.g., pH, temperature, and light intensity).

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have learned about the fabrication, characterization, and evaluation of metallic-based catalysts for the degradation of antibiotics in clinical wastewater. By understanding these processes, we can develop more effective and sustainable solutions for environmental pollution.


text: Transcription. As well as translating documents in Old German handwriting and Fraktur typeface, I offer transcription services for old scripts, e.g. Kanzleischrift, Kurrentschrift, or Sütterlin, which were used in German-speaking areas from the 1700s right through to the middle of the 20th century.. At times you probably feel that you would be able to read the German document IF it was written in modern script! This is where I can help by preparing a transcription of your original, handwritten text without translation. You will receive the German text of your document typed in Word format and can then decide to have it translated at a later stage if required.. Audio files and video files (depending on their quality) can also be transcribed.. Dear Elisabeth, Wow, that was super fast! Thank you Sincerely.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Transcription Services for Old Scripts

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about transcription services for old scripts such as Kanzleischrift, Kurrentschrift, or Sütterlin. These scripts were used in German-speaking areas from the 1700s right through to the middle of the 20th century. We will also learn about the process of transcribing audio files and video files.

Section 1: What is Transcription?
Transcription is the process of converting an audio or video recording into a written or typed document. It involves listening to the recording and typing out everything that is said. This service is particularly useful for people who need to keep records of meetings, lectures, or interviews.

Section 2: Why Transcribe Old Scripts?
Old scripts such as Kanzleischrift, Kurrentschrift, or Sütterlin were used in German-speaking areas from the 1700s right through to the middle of the 20th century. These scripts are no longer in use, but many people still have old documents written in these scripts. Transcribing these documents is important because it preserves the history and culture of these areas.

Section 3: How to Transcribe Old Scripts?
To transcribe old scripts, you need to be familiar with the specific script being used. For example, Kanzleischrift was used in Germany from the 16th to the 20th century, while Kurrentschrift was used from the 18th to the early 20th century. Sütterlin was used in Germany from 1911 to 1941. Once you understand the specific script, you can begin transcribing the document.

Section 4: Transcribing Audio Files and Video Files
Transcribing audio files and video files involves listening to the recording and typing out everything that is said. This can be done manually or using software that can automate the process. The resulting transcript can be used for a variety of purposes, such as creating subtitles for a video or providing a written record of a meeting.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about transcription services for old scripts such as Kanzleischrift, Kurrentschrift, or Sütterlin. We also learned about the process of transcribing audio files and video files. Transcription is an important service that helps preserve history and culture. By understanding the specific script being used, you can transcribe old documents and provide valuable information for future generations.


text: AUPWAE does this by;. - Solicit funding to enable AUPWAE implement livelihood improvement projects for rural women.. - Conducting Participatory Needs Assessment.. - Monitor and supervise projects to assess impact and ensure sustainability.. - Building Capacity of AUPWAE staff and members at grassroots level in skills in participatory needs assessment, participatory training and extension skills in order to make them more effective.. - Conduct exchange visits and open days for farmers to give them more exposure.. - Collaboration with other actors in the agricultural and environment sectors, to enable AUPWAE provides privatized extension services to rural communities throughout the country.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Implement Livelihood Improvement Projects for Rural Women

## Section 1: Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn about how to implement livelihood improvement projects for rural women. We will cover the following topics:

1. What is a livelihood improvement project?
2. Why do we need livelihood improvement projects for rural women?
3. Who are the stakeholders involved in these projects?

## Section 2: What is a livelihood improvement project?

A livelihood improvement project is a planned intervention that aims to improve the economic well-being of individuals or communities. These projects can take many forms, such as providing training, access to resources, or financial support. The goal of these projects is to help people improve their standard of living and become more self-sufficient.

## Section 3: Why do we need livelihood improvement projects for rural women?

Rural women face unique challenges when it comes to earning a living. They may not have access to the same educational or employment opportunities as women in urban areas. Additionally, they may be responsible for caring for their families and performing domestic duties, which can limit their ability to work outside the home. Livelihood improvement projects for rural women can help level the playing field by providing them with the resources and support they need to become more economically stable.

## Section 4: Who are the stakeholders involved in these projects?

There are several stakeholders involved in livelihood improvement projects for rural women. These include:

1. The women themselves, who are the primary beneficiaries of the project.
2. The organization or NGO implementing the project, which may provide funding, resources, and expertise.
3. Local government agencies, which may provide support or resources for the project.
4. Community leaders and members, who can help promote the project and ensure its success.

## Section 5: How to implement a livelihood improvement project

1. Conduct a Participatory Needs Assessment (PNA) to identify the specific needs of the community and determine the best approach for addressing those needs.
2. Solicit funding from various sources, such as government agencies, NGOs, or private donors, to enable the implementation of the project.
3. Build capacity among project staff and community members to ensure that they have the necessary skills and knowledge to implement the project effectively.
4. Monitor and supervise the project to assess its impact and ensure its sustainability over time.
5. Collaborate with other actors in the agricultural and environmental sectors to provide privatized extension services to rural communities throughout the country.

## Section 6: Examples of livelihood improvement projects for rural women

1. Providing training and resources for women to start small businesses, such as sewing or food processing.
2. Offering microfinance loans to women to help them invest in their businesses or purchase necessary supplies.
3. Providing education and training on sustainable agriculture practices, such as crop rotation and soil conservation.
4. Supporting women's cooperatives, which allow women to pool their resources and collectively market their products.

## Glossary

- Livelihood: The means by which individuals and households earn their living, including both material and non-material resources.
- Project: A planned intervention to achieve a specific goal or set of objectives.
- Stakeholders: Individuals or groups who have an interest or stake in the outcome of a project or program.
- Participatory Needs Assessment (PNA): A process in which community members are actively involved in identifying their own needs and priorities.
- Capacity building: The process of developing the skills, knowledge, and abilities of individuals or organizations to enable them to perform better.
- Sustainability: The ability of a project or program to continue over time without external support.
- Privatized extension services: Services provided by private sector actors to support rural development.

## Conclusion

Livelihood improvement projects for rural women can play a crucial role in empowering women to become more economically stable. By conducting a needs assessment, soliciting funding, building capacity, and collaborating with other stakeholders, these projects can make a significant impact on the lives of rural women. Through the implementation of these projects, we can help create a more equitable and prosperous future for all.


text: We are a long established firm and have been serving private individuals and local business for 50 years.. The firm has been built on a tradition of quality of service and professional practice. Our clients can be confident of receiving expert advice from our specialist solicitors.. Kitching Walker will provide you with the highest level of client care and are committed to handling your legal issues, quickly, efficiently and at a reasonable cost. We understand the need to treat clients as individuals and that personal attention plays a vital role in the day to day relationship between us and our private and commercial clients.. So whether your legal requirements relate to conveyancing and remortgage work, trusts, wills and all other aspects of probate work, divorce or relationship breakdown, civil disputes, business advice or commercial matters generally, you will find that the solicitors at Kitching Walker offer the highest standards in legal services.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Law and Legal Services

## Section 1: What is Law?
Law is a set of rules that govern behavior and control the interactions between people and groups. It is a system that ensures fairness and justice in society by setting standards for right and wrong.

## Section 2: What are Legal Services?
Legal services refer to the assistance provided by professionals who are trained in law. These professionals, known as lawyers or solicitors, advise clients on legal matters, represent them in court, and draft legal documents.

## Section 3: Types of Legal Services
There are several types of legal services that law firms provide, including:

1. Conveyancing and Remortgage Work: This involves the transfer of property ownership from one person to another or from one lender to another.

2. Trusts, Wills, and Probate: This involves creating trusts, writing wills, and managing the distribution of assets after someone dies.

3. Divorce and Relationship Breakdown: This involves helping couples resolve their legal issues when their relationship ends.

4. Civil Disputes: This involves representing clients in legal disputes with others.

5. Business Advice: This involves providing legal advice to businesses on various matters, such as contracts and employment law.

6. Commercial Matters: This involves providing legal services to businesses on matters such as contracts, intellectual property, and corporate law.

## Section 4: Why are Legal Services Important?
Legal services are important because they help individuals and businesses navigate the complexities of the law. They ensure that people's rights are protected and that they are treated fairly. Additionally, legal services can help prevent disputes from escalating into larger problems.

## Section 5: How do I Choose a Law Firm?
When choosing a law firm, consider the following factors:

1. Reputation: Look for a law firm with a good reputation for providing quality legal services.

2. Experience: Choose a law firm with experience in the specific area of law that you need assistance with.

3. Cost: Consider the cost of legal services and whether the law firm offers flexible payment options.

4. Communication: Look for a law firm that communicates effectively and regularly with clients.

5. Personality: Choose a law firm that you feel comfortable working with and that shares your values and priorities.

## Glossary:
- Law: A set of rules that govern behavior and control the interactions between people and groups.
- Legal Services: Assistance provided by professionals trained in law.
- Solicitor: A lawyer who provides legal advice and assistance.
- Conveyancing: The transfer of property ownership from one person to another or from one lender to another.
- Probate: The management of the distribution of assets after someone dies.
- Divorce: The legal process of ending a marriage.
- Civil Disputes: Legal disputes between two or more parties.
- Business Advice: Legal advice provided to businesses on various matters.
- Commercial Matters: Legal services provided to businesses on matters such as contracts and intellectual property.

## Conclusion:
Understanding the law and legal services is important for everyone. By choosing the right law firm, individuals and businesses can receive the assistance they need to navigate legal matters and protect their rights.


text: Rechargeable 12V Battery for 20 Hours of Power. - 12V Rechargeable Battery. - 20 Hour Life. - Works with Lecterns with Built-in Sound System. Description. Rechargeable Battery (Specific Systems Only). This environmentally friendly battery is useful with our specific podiums ONLY. This 12V rechargeable battery comes with the required cable to charge the battery through the amplifier. Just attach the cable to the lectern overnight and its ready to be used. This battery can provide 20 hours of life allowing you to use your Economy w/PA system.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Batteries and their Uses

Introduction:
Batteries are devices that store energy and release it when needed. They are used in many electronic devices, including smartphones, laptops, and cars. In this lesson, we will learn about batteries, their uses, and how they work.

Section 1: What is a Battery?

A battery is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It consists of one or more electrochemical cells that store energy and release it when needed.

Section 2: Types of Batteries

There are many types of batteries, including alkaline, lithium-ion, and lead-acid. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages, depending on the application.

Section 3: How do Batteries Work?

Batteries work by transferring electrons from one electrode to another. This process creates an electrical current that can be used to power electronic devices. The amount of energy stored in a battery depends on the size of the electrodes and the type of chemical reaction taking place.

Section 4: Uses of Batteries

Batteries are used in many applications, including portable electronics, automobiles, and renewable energy systems. They provide a reliable source of power that can be used when needed.

Section 5: How to Choose the Right Battery

When choosing a battery, it's important to consider the application and the required energy output. Factors such as capacity, voltage, and lifespan should be taken into account.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about batteries, their uses, and how they work. We also learned about the different types of batteries and how to choose the right one for a specific application. By understanding the basics of batteries, we can make informed decisions about which battery to use in our electronic devices.

Glossary:
- Battery: A device that stores energy and releases it when needed.
- Electrochemical cell: A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
- Capacity: The amount of energy that a battery can store.
- Voltage: The amount of electrical pressure that a battery can produce.
- Lifespan: The amount of time that a battery can last before needing to be replaced.


text:
Pages

Friday, December 4, 2009

"Korea has not yet begun to develop its mobile technology":Google's Expansion Plans

The Joongang Daily carried a brief report today about Google's expansion plans in Korea. It noted the changes that Google is making to its home page. I discussed this in an earlier post that referred to Google's plans to "Koreanize" its home page.
What really caught my eye about this latest article is the quote at the beginning, "Korea has not yet begun to develop its mobile technology." As readers of this blog will note, I agree with the basic sentiment expressed by this quote. As Cho Won-gyu, the head of Google Korea's research and development suggests, with the introduction of more smart phones next year, Korean consumers will begin to learn about many broadband internet applications from which they have been shielded to date. Take for example video. Although Youtube is now the most widely used video service in South Korea, it is not yet widely used on mobile phones. Now that the iPhone is already here and numerous Android phone models are coming next year, that is about to change. Given Google's strong array of web-based information services and their availability in Korean language versions, it is not too difficult to predict what will happen in Korea's mobile market next year. Google will gain market share for all of its internet services, as Korea's customers become acquainted with them via the new Android phones that will probably come to dominate the mobile market here.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Mobile Technology

**Overview:** In this lesson, we will explore the basics of mobile technology and its impact on our daily lives. We will discuss what mobile technology is, its history, and how it has evolved over time. We will also look at the different types of mobile devices available and their features. Finally, we will consider the future of mobile technology and its potential benefits.

**Objectives:** By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

1. Define mobile technology and explain its importance in our lives.
2. Identify the history and evolution of mobile technology.
3. Describe the different types of mobile devices and their features.
4. Analyze the potential benefits of mobile technology in the future.

**Section 1: Introduction to Mobile Technology**

Mobile technology refers to the devices and services that allow us to communicate and access information while on the go. This includes cell phones, smartphones, tablets, and other portable devices. Mobile technology has become an integral part of our lives, allowing us to stay connected with others, access information, and perform various tasks from anywhere in the world.

**Section 2: History and Evolution of Mobile Technology**

The first mobile phone call was made in 1973, and since then, mobile technology has come a long way. Early mobile phones were large and expensive, but they allowed people to make calls while on the go. Over time, mobile phones became smaller, cheaper, and more feature-rich, eventually giving way to smartphones. Smartphones are essentially handheld computers that can run apps, browse the web, and perform various other tasks.

**Section 3: Types of Mobile Devices and Their Features**

There are several types of mobile devices available, each with its own unique features. These include:

1. Cell Phones: Basic phones that allow you to make calls and send text messages.
2. Smartphones: Advanced phones that can run apps, browse the web, and perform various other tasks.
3. Tablets: Portable devices that are larger than smartphones and have more advanced features, such as high-resolution displays and cameras.
4. Wearables: Devices that can be worn on the body, such as smartwatches or fitness trackers.

Each type of mobile device has its own set of features and capabilities, and the choice of which device to buy depends on individual needs and preferences.

**Section 4: Future of Mobile Technology**

As mobile technology continues to evolve, we can expect to see even more advanced devices and services in the future. Some potential benefits of mobile technology include:

1. Improved connectivity: With the advent of 5G networks, we can expect faster and more reliable connections for mobile devices.
2. Enhanced security: New technologies such as biometric authentication can help improve the security of mobile devices.
3. Better healthcare: Mobile devices can be used to monitor health and track fitness goals, leading to improved health outcomes.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, mobile technology has come a long way since the first mobile phone call was made in 1973. From basic cell phones to advanced smartphones and wearables, mobile technology has become an integral part of our lives. As we continue to move forward, we can expect even more advanced devices and services that will improve connectivity, enhance security, and improve healthcare.


text: Chow Mein no longer needs an introduction. Loved by millions of people around the world, this is a very easy dish to make. Plus, there aren’t a ton of ingredients required to make the recipe. You can use any mix of vegetables and your favourite meat including chicken, beef, pork, shrimp or a mix of these.. Come visit our stores where you will find the best selection of Asian noodles in Montreal as well as all the meats, vegetables and other ingredients needed to make the best Chow Mein you ever tasted.. On our Kim Phat recipes corner you can find many fast, tasty and delicious Asian Noodle recipes and Chow Mein recipes we know you’ll love.. Remember that all the Asian food products to make this recipe and much more are available at Kim Phat supermarkets, and at a great price too. Come see us!. View all Kim Phat Recipes and meal ideas.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Make Chow Mein
Introduction:
Chow Mein is a popular Chinese dish that consists of noodles stir-fried with vegetables, meat, and sauce. It is a versatile dish that can be made with a variety of ingredients, making it a great option for people who want to experiment with their cooking. In this lesson, we will learn how to make Chow Mein step-by-step, including the ingredients, preparation, and cooking process.
Ingredients:
- 1 lb. of egg noodles
- 1 cup of vegetables (e.g., broccoli, carrots, bell peppers)
- 1 cup of meat (e.g., chicken, beef, pork, shrimp)
- 2 tablespoons of soy sauce
- 1 tablespoon of oil
- 1 tablespoon of cornstarch
- 1 teaspoon of sugar
- 1 teaspoon of salt
Instructions:
1. Start by boiling the egg noodles according to the package instructions. Drain and set aside.
2. While the noodles are boiling, prepare the vegetables and meat. Cut the vegetables into bite-sized pieces and season the meat with salt and pepper.
3. In a small bowl, mix together the soy sauce, cornstarch, sugar, and salt to create the sauce for the Chow Mein.
4. Heat the oil in a large wok or skillet over medium-high heat. Add the meat and cook until browned on all sides. Remove the meat from the wok and set aside.
5. Add the vegetables to the wok and cook until tender. Remove the vegetables from the wok and set aside.
6. Add the boiled egg noodles to the wok and toss to coat in the oil.
7. Pour the sauce mixture into the wok and stir to combine with the noodles.
8. Add the meat and vegetables back to the wok and stir everything together until the noodles are evenly coated with the sauce.
9. Serve hot and enjoy!
Conclusion:
Making Chow Mein is a simple and delicious process that can be customized with a variety of ingredients. With this recipe, you can create a flavorful and satisfying dish that is perfect for a quick weeknight meal or a fun weekend dinner party. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can easily make Chow Mein at home and impress your friends and family with your cooking skills.
Glossary:
- Egg noodles: Thin noodles made from eggs and wheat flour.
- Wok: A Chinese cooking utensil with a flat bottom and rounded edges.
- Vegetables: Plant-based foods that are rich in nutrients and fiber.
- Meat: Animal-based foods that are high in protein and flavor.
- Soy sauce: A salty, savory sauce made from fermented soybeans.
- Cornstarch: A thickening agent made from corn.
- Sugar: A sweetener made from sugar cane or beets.
- Salt: A mineral that enhances flavors and preserves food.


text:
The Warré hive is named after its inventor, Abbé Émile Warré (1867-1951).
Responding to the obvious decline in beekeeping in France since his youth, Warré experimented with some 350 hives of various designs with the aim of producing a
hive that was simple, economical, bee-friendly and assured a surplus for the beekeeper.
The result was his People's Hive (Ruche Populaire) whose construction and operation
he described in his book Beekeeping For All (L' Apiculture Pour Tous, 12th edition) .
Beekeeping For All was made available to the English-speaking world when
Pat Cheney and David Heaf translated the text in 2007 from the original French.
Various articles about the Warré hive by David Heaf were published in bee journals around the world, including The Australasian Beekeeper issue of June 2008.
We read this article and immediately recognised that the Warré hive represented
a paradigm shift in beekeeping – albeit over 50 years after Warré’s death.

We had been experimenting with ‘natural comb’ beekeeping in Langstroth hives for a number of years, but were immediately attracted to the key design elements and unique management techniques central to Warré’s hive and philosophy. We were particularly excited about how the hive would suit Australian beekeeping conditions. After populating the first Warré hive in Australia in 2009, we've been constantly impressed by the performance of the hive, not only in our own apiaries which now collectively number hundreds of Warré hives, but also those of our students.

Please see below for an overview of the main features of a Warré beehive.

The Warré hive is a ‘divisible’ hive, and quite simple by design.
The simplicity is an important feature - Warré called his hive ‘The People’s Hive’ and designed it so that any person with basic
tools
and wood-
working skills could make their own hive from locally sourced timber.

The hive features a number of square wooden boxes of 300 x 300 x
210mm internal dimensions, which aim to mimic the natural cluster size
of Apis mellifera and the natural nesting site for a honeybee colony,
that of a tree hollow.

Our modified version is slightly larger, and features dimensions of
308 x 308 x 240 mm. The reasons for this are purely practical - the standard timber plank size in Australia is 240mm. Our modified internal dimensions are the industry standard for 8 frames/combs in Australia,
and allow
space to remove individual combs with the use of our ‘open frames’.

Each box features protruding handle cleats that are angled to shed water.
A standard Warré hive is 2 boxes high (approximately 40L volume), although a height of 6 boxes or more can be achieved during a large honeyflow.

8 evenly spaced top-bars or open frames are located in each box, and
feature a starter strip of beeswax that allows the bees to draw natural
comb from the top-bar. No sheets of foundation are used, and wires
are not needed to support the comb due to the small
surface area.

Importantly, the colony is generally enlarged by adding boxes beneath
the existing boxes. This is called nadiring and is an excellent method of
providing space to the colony, particularly in early spring, without fear
of chilling the brood or disturbing the cluster. It also allows the brood
nest to move downwards, in a healthy process of constant comb
renewal.
The queen is always laying in virgin comb, and is allowed to roam freely
throughout the hive.

As nectar becomes available in the environment and is brought back to
the hive by foraging bees, the wax glands of the comb building bees are
activated, encouraging the bees to build natural comb down into the boxes
beneath, expanding the nest. This is a metabolic ‘renewal’ process of the
individual bee and the superorganism as a whole. The brood cells at
the top of the nest eventually become filled with honey, therefore, the
honey stores are always located above the cluster. This is a beneficial
arrangement for the bees – all their stores are located directly above
them, and the honey acts as an insulating thermal dome.

By allowing the bees to draw natural comb, the colony is also able to
limit its size relative to the amount of nectar available in the surrounding
environment. The re-organisation of the nest is done by the bees, not the
beekeeper.

Honey may be harvested from the top of the nest during a honeyflow or
at the end of the season, provided that the bees have enough stores for
the cooler winter months (generally 1 full box of honeycomb is needed,
depending on the region and colony size). If the honey is harvested during
the summer months, the bees are given additional space by nadiring new
boxes. The cyclical process of renewal is healthy for the bees.

Above the frames in the uppermost box rests a simple fabric cloth,
which is vapor permeable and much gentler on the bees than the typical
wooden crown board. On top of the cloth sits a 100 mm deep ‘quilt box’,
for
holding straw or wood shavings. This quilt section acts as a great
insulator (the honeybee colony is a warmth organism) and prevents solar
radiation from penetrating the roof and overheating the hive, damaging the
honey and stressing the bees.

Any moisture accumulating in the hive is absorbed into the quilt filling,
which can be easily and quickly renewed once a year if necessary.
Therefore, the colony stays warm and dry. (NB. the quilt is not ‘open’ at
the top to the outside environment, rather, moisture is absorbed into the
quilt contents through the fabric cloth and stays there, or is released
back to the colony, much in the same way moisture would ‘move’ in
a tree hollow).

A wooden cover board sits on top of the quilt section. On this board, we
record our impressions of the colony each time we visit. Therefore, every
time you open the hive, you are greeted with the history of the colony.

A roof covers the top of the hive. The traditional Warré design is an
attractive, ventilated gabled roof with sloping sides to shed rain and
snow. In our hot, dry summers we have found the Warré roof to be
superior to other conventional designs for protection from direct heat -
particularly if the top layer of the roof is painted white.

The hive sits on a stand at least 200 mm off the ground. We have
completely modified the original bottom board and entrance for
Australian conditions. A full width entrance is used to accommodate
our larger colonies, heavy honey flows and hot summers.
The entrance may be reduced in size during the cooler months.

In areas with large populations of the honeybee pest the Small Hive Beetle
Aethina tumida, we have modified the bottom board design to include an
under-floor beetle trap that is filled with agricultural lime, to reduce the
population of adult beetles within the hive.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to the Warré Hive

## Section 1: What is the Warré Hive?

The Warré Hive is a type of beehive designed by Abbé Émile Warré in the early 20th century. It is an innovative design that addresses the decline in beekeeping in France at that time. The hive is simple, economical, bee-friendly, and ensures a surplus for the beekeeper.

## Section 2: How does the Warré Hive work?

The Warré Hive works by providing a natural environment for bees to thrive. It is a top-bar hive that allows bees to build their comb in the shape of hexagons, which is the most efficient shape for storing honey. The hive also has an entrance feeder that provides bees with sugar syrup during the winter months. This helps to ensure that the bees have enough food to survive the cold weather.

## Section 3: Why is the Warré Hive important?

The Warré Hive is important because it represents a paradigm shift in beekeeping. It is a more natural way of keeping bees, as it allows them to build their comb in the shape that is most efficient for them. This leads to healthier bees and a higher honey yield. Additionally, the Warré Hive is more sustainable than traditional hives, as it requires fewer resources to maintain.

## Section 4: Practical Examples

Practical Example 1: A beekeeper uses the Warré Hive to keep their bees during the winter months. They provide the bees with sugar syrup through the entrance feeder, which helps to ensure that the bees have enough food to survive the cold weather.

Practical Example 2: A beekeeper uses the Warré Hive to harvest honey from their bees. They remove the top bars from the hive and extract the honeycomb, which contains the honey. They then spin the honeycomb in a centrifuge to separate the honey from the beeswax.

## Glossary

- Top-bar hive: A type of beehive that has horizontal top bars instead of vertical frames.
- Hexagon: A polygon with six sides and six angles.
- Paradigm shift: A fundamental change in the way that something is done or perceived.
- Sustainable: Able to be maintained at a certain level or rate without exhausting natural resources or causing damage to the environment.

## Conclusion

The Warré Hive represents a significant advancement in beekeeping. By providing a natural environment for bees to thrive, it leads to healthier bees and a higher honey yield. As such, it is an important tool for beekeepers who want to ensure the long-term success of their hives.


text:
Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis: an update.
The clinical description of Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis was made in 1906. The subject was first reviewed in 1973. This paper discusses contributions to the literature on Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis since 1973. The widening diagnostic criteria are discussed, as are new theories on etiology and pathogenesis. Investigative methods include light and electron microscopy, fluorescein angiography and immunology are described. Management problems, particularly relating to cataract and glaucoma, are discussed and in the light of such data, current indications for, modalities of, and complications of treatment, are presented.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Ophthalmology

### Section 1: Overview of Fuchs' Heterochromic Uveitis

Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis is a condition that affects the eye's uveal tract, which is responsible for producing melanin. This condition was first described by Dr. Fuchs in 1906. Since then, several studies have been conducted to understand the disease better. In this lesson, we will discuss the history, diagnostic criteria, and management of Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis.

### Section 2: Diagnostic Criteria

The diagnostic criteria for Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis have been widened over the years. The current criteria include the presence of heterochromia (different colored eyes), photophobia (sensitivity to light), and uveitis (inflammation of the uveal tract). A diagnosis of Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis requires the presence of these symptoms along with a history of melanin production in the eye.

### Section 3: Etiology and Pathogenesis

Several theories have been proposed to explain the cause of Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis. Some researchers believe that the condition may be caused by a genetic mutation that affects melanin production. Others believe that it may be triggered by an autoimmune response. Still, others think that it may be caused by a viral infection. More research is needed to determine the exact cause of the condition.

### Section 4: Investigative Methods

Several investigative methods have been used to study Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis. These methods include light and electron microscopy, fluorescein angiography, and immunology. Light microscopy is used to examine the structure of the eye, while electron microscopy is used to examine the cellular structures in greater detail. Fluorescein angiography is used to examine the blood flow in the eye, while immunology is used to study the immune response in the eye.

### Section 5: Management Problems

One of the main management problems associated with Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis is the development of cataracts. Cataracts are caused by the clouding of the lens in the eye, which can impair vision. Another management problem is the development of glaucoma, which is caused by increased pressure in the eye. Both of these conditions can be managed through surgery or medication.

### Section 6: Current Indications for Treatment

Current indications for treatment of Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis include the presence of symptoms such as pain, redness, and decreased vision. Treatment may involve the use of corticosteroids to reduce inflammation or cycloplegic drugs to relax the ciliary muscle. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the clouded lens or to drain excess fluid from the eye.

### Section 7: Complications of Treatment

Complications of treatment for Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis may include increased intraocular pressure, which can lead to glaucoma. Other complications may include cataracts, which can impair vision. These complications can be managed through medication or surgery.

### Glossary

- Heterochromia: A condition in which one eye is a different color than the other
- Photophobia: Sensitivity to light
- Uveitis: Inflammation of the uveal tract
- Melanin: A pigment produced by cells called melanocytes
- Genetic mutation: A change in the DNA sequence that can be passed down from generation to generation
- Autoimmune response: A reaction in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells
- Viral infection: An infection caused by a virus
- Light microscopy: A technique used to examine samples under a microscope using light
- Electron microscopy: A technique used to examine samples under a microscope using electrons
- Fluorescein angiography: A technique used to examine blood flow in the eye by injecting a dye into the bloodstream
- Immunology: The study of the immune system and its response to foreign substances
- Cataracts: Clouding of the lens in the eye
- Glaucoma: Increased pressure in the eye that can damage the optic nerve

### Conclusion

In conclusion, Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis is a condition that affects the eye's uveal tract. It is caused by a combination of factors, including genetic mutations, autoimmune responses, and viral infections. The condition can be diagnosed through a combination of diagnostic criteria, including the presence of heterochromia, photophobia, and uveitis. Treatment options include medication, surgery, and lifestyle changes. By understanding the causes, diagnostic criteria, and management of Fuchs' heterochromic uveitis, we can better prepare ourselves to treat and manage this condition in the future.


text:
Q:

Using Push Notications in Strongloop

I am trying to add push notification support to a REST server build in Strongloop / Loopback.  I have followed the instructions at http://docs.strongloop.com/display/public/LB/Push+notifications, but it fails.  It seems to be due to the line that reads var db = require('./data-sources/db'); this doesn't exist in my loopback installation (perhaps it is documentation related to an older version)?
I can get the sample server running, but trying to get it going in my application has eluded me...

A:

The doc is outdated (I'll fix it).  That way of getting the data source is based on the old structure of the push example.  You will need to get a handle on your data source differently; typically something like
var datasource = app.datasources.db;

See Working with LoopBack objects for more information.

textbook:
Lesson: Using Push Notifications in Strongloop

**Introduction**

In this lesson, we will learn about using push notifications in Strongloop. Push notifications are messages that are sent from a server to a user's device, even if the app is not currently open. This is a great way to keep users engaged with your app and informed about new updates or offers.

**Section 1: Understanding Push Notifications**

Push notifications are sent using a service called Apple Push Notification Service (APNs) for iOS devices and Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) for Android devices. When a user opts-in to receive push notifications from your app, their device will register with the service and save your app's registration token. Your server can then send a message to the device via the service.

**Section 2: Setting Up Push Notifications in Strongloop**

To set up push notifications in Strongloop, you will need to follow these steps:

1. Install the `push` middleware by running `lb build` command.
2. Create a new file called `push.js` in your app's `server` directory.
3. In the `push.js` file, set up a route to handle incoming push notifications.
4. Configure your app to use the push service.

**Section 3: Implementing Push Notifications**

Now that you have set up the push service, you can implement push notifications in your app. Here are some tips:

1. Use local notifications instead of remote notifications for small messages that can be displayed in the app itself.
2. Use remote notifications for larger messages that require the user to take action.
3. Make sure your notifications are relevant and valuable to the user.
4. Test your notifications on different devices and operating systems to ensure they work correctly.

**Section 4: Practical Examples**

Here are some practical examples of how to use push notifications in your app:

1. Send a notification when a new product is available.
2. Notify the user of a special offer or discount.
3. Alert the user of a new update or feature.
4. Remind the user to complete a task or action.

**Conclusion**

In this lesson, we learned about using push notifications in Strongloop. Push notifications are a powerful tool to keep users engaged with your app and informed about new updates or offers. By following the steps in this lesson, you can set up and implement push notifications in your app.


text:
The esophageal-tracheal combitube resistance and ventilatory pressures.
To measure resistance of the Combitube, a supraglottic ventilatory device used in the management of the patients with difficult airways, and its influence on delivered ventilatory pressures. Prospective study. University-affiliated hospital. A total of 20 patients with ASA status I or II who were scheduled for elective knee arthroscopy. (Part 2 of the study) After induction of general anesthesia and insertion of the Combitube, mechanical ventilation was initiated. Airway pressures were measured using fluid-filled pressure lines at the Y-piece (P(Y-piece)) of the breathing system and in the oropharynx (P(oropharynx)) at a position 2 cm beyond the second proximal anterior hole of the Combitube. These pressures were simultaneously recorded and the pressure curves were compared. (Part 1 of the study) Resistance of the esophageal and the tracheal lumen of the 37-F Combitube and standard endotracheal tubes (with internal diameters of 6, 7, and 8 mm) was compared ex vivo with a Datex AS/3 monitor. Ventilation conditions were kept constant at a tidal volume of 0.5 L, frequency of 10 breaths per minute, and ramp flow waveform and peak flow of 1 L/s. Resistance of standard endotracheal tubes was inversely proportional to their diameters (16, 11, and 7 cm H(2)O/L per second for the tubes with internal diameters of 6, 7, and 8 mm, respectively). The resistance of the Combitube's tracheal lumen was 12 cm H(2)O/L per second. There was a significant difference in peak respiratory pressures between P(Y-piece) and P(oropharynx) (40 +/- 5 and 23 +/- 5 cm H(2)O, respectively). The Combitube has significant airflow resistance that should be considered when patients are mechanically ventilated because the delivered oropharyngeal pressure is significantly lower than the pressure measured at the anesthesia breathing system.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Measure Resistance and Ventilatory Pressures Using a Combitube

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about measuring resistance and ventilatory pressures using a Combitube, a supraglottic ventilatory device used in managing patients with difficult airways. We will cover the following sections:

I. What is a Combitube?
II. How to measure resistance of the Combitube?
III. How to measure ventilatory pressures using a Combitube?
IV. Conclusion: Applying skills gained from this topic to new problems.

I. What is a Combitube?
A Combitube is a medical device used to provide an alternative airway when traditional intubation methods are difficult or impossible. It is a combination of an endotracheal tube and a laryngeal mask airway (LMA). The Combitube is inserted into the mouth and positioned in the upper esophagus, allowing for ventilation and oxygenation of the patient.

II. How to measure resistance of the Combitube?
To measure resistance of the Combitube, follow these steps:

1. Connect the Combitube to a manometer or pressure transducer to measure the pressure difference between the distal and proximal ends of the tube.
2. Inflate the Combitube to the desired pressure, typically around 20 cm H2O.
3. Record the pressure at the distal end of the Combitube (Pd) and the pressure at the proximal end of the Combitube (Pp).
4. Calculate the resistance (R) using the formula R = (Pp - Pd) / (flow rate x Fresnel number), where flow rate is the volume of gas flowing through the tube per minute and Fresnel number is a dimensionless factor that accounts for the friction between the gas and the tube walls.

III. How to measure ventilatory pressures using a Combitube?
To measure ventilatory pressures using a Combitube, follow these steps:

1. Insert the Combitube into the patient's mouth and position it in the upper esophagus.
2. Connect the Combitube to a ventilator and set the desired ventilation parameters (rate, tidal volume, and positive end-expiratory pressure).
3. Record the airway pressures at the Y-piece of the breathing system (P(Y-piece)) and in the oropharynx (P(oropharynx)) at a position 2 cm beyond the second proximal anterior hole of the Combitube.
4. Compare the pressure curves of P(Y-piece) and P(oropharynx) to determine the influence of the Combitube on delivered ventilatory pressures.

IV. Conclusion: Applying skills gained from this topic to new problems.
By understanding how to measure resistance and ventilatory pressures using a Combitube, medical professionals can make informed decisions about which airway management devices are best suited for their patients. This knowledge can also be applied to other supraglottic airway devices, such as the LMA and i-gel. Additionally, understanding the principles behind the Combitube can help in the development of new airway management devices and techniques.

Glossary:
- Combitube: A supraglottic ventilatory device used in managing patients with difficult airways.
- Endotracheal tube: A tube inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway or to provide assistance with breathing.
- Laryngeal mask airway (LMA): A type of supraglottic airway device that sits in the larynx, providing an alternative to endotracheal intubation.
- Manometer: An instrument used to measure pressure.
- Pressure transducer: A device that converts pressure into an electrical signal.
- Fresnel number: A dimensionless factor that accounts for the friction between the gas and the tube walls.

In summary, this lesson has covered the basics of measuring resistance and ventilatory pressures using a Combitube. By understanding the principles behind this device, medical professionals can make informed decisions about airway management and contribute to the development of new devices and techniques.


text: We are your bridge to Yokohama. What we can do for you:. -Provide you with information about Yokohama. -Help you find office space. -Help you establish contacts. -Announce the opening of your new subsidy on our homepage and within press releases in Yokohama. -Provide you with matchmaking-event information. What we can't do for you:. -Unfortunately we can't provide you with personell information or help you find personell. However, getting access to matchmaking-events can also help you to find personell, since Yokohama is abundant with very well trained human resources.. Just get in touch with us and we will do whatever we can to help you on your way to successfully entering the japanese market in Yokohama!

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Business in Yokohama

### Section 1: Understanding Business in Yokohama

#### Topic 1: What is business?
Business refers to the activity of making, buying or selling goods or providing services in exchange for money. It is an economic activity that involves the production, distribution, and sale of goods or services to earn a profit. In Yokohama, businesses range from small family-owned shops to large corporations.

#### Topic 2: Why is business important in Yokohama?
Business is important in Yokohama because it creates jobs, generates revenue, and contributes to the city's economy. It helps to improve the standard of living for residents by providing goods and services that they need. Additionally, businesses in Yokohama contribute to the city's growth and development by investing in infrastructure, innovation, and technology.

#### Topic 3: How does business work in Yokohama?
In Yokohama, businesses operate in a competitive market environment. They must identify the needs of their target customers, develop products or services that meet those needs, and market them effectively to attract and retain customers. Businesses also need to manage their finances, including cash flow, expenses, and profits, to ensure their long-term viability.

### Section 2: Starting a Business in Yokohama

#### Topic 1: What are the requirements for starting a business in Yokohama?
To start a business in Yokohama, you need to obtain a business license and register your business with the local government. You will also need to choose a business structure (e.g., sole proprietorship, partnership, or corporation) and create a business plan that outlines your goals, strategies, and financial projections.

#### Topic 2: How do I obtain a business license in Yokohama?
To obtain a business license in Yokohama, you need to submit an application to the City Hall, along with the required documentation and fees. The application process may vary depending on the type of business you are starting and its location within the city.

#### Topic 3: What are the costs associated with starting a business in Yokohama?
The costs associated with starting a business in Yokohama may include registration fees, licensing fees, legal fees, accounting fees, and other expenses related to marketing, product development, and staffing. These costs can vary depending on the nature of your business and its size.

### Section 3: Running a Business in Yokohama

#### Topic 1: How do I manage my finances as a business owner in Yokohama?
As a business owner in Yokohama, you need to manage your finances effectively to ensure the long-term viability of your business. This includes tracking your cash flow, managing your expenses, and monitoring your profits. You may also need to seek external financing, such as loans or investments, to support your business growth.

#### Topic 2: How do I market my business in Yokohama?
Marketing your business in Yokohama involves promoting your products or services to attract and retain customers. This can include advertising, public relations, social media marketing, and other strategies to raise awareness of your brand and generate interest among potential customers.

#### Topic 3: How do I manage my employees in Yokohama?
Managing employees in Yokohama involves recruiting, training, and motivating them to achieve your business goals. This includes developing job descriptions, conducting interviews, providing feedback and performance evaluations, and offering opportunities for professional development.

### Glossary
- Business: An economic activity that involves the production, distribution, and sale of goods or services to earn a profit.
- Market: A place where buyers and sellers come together to exchange goods or services.
- Competitive market: A market where businesses compete with each other to attract customers.
- Business license: A permit issued by the government to operate a business in a specific location.
- Business plan: A document that outlines the goals, strategies, and financial projections of a business.
- Cash flow: The movement of money into and out of a business.
- Expenses: The costs incurred in running a business.
- Profit: The difference between the revenue generated by a business and its expenses.
- Financing: The process of obtaining funds to support a business.
- Advertising: The promotion of goods or services through paid announcements in various media.
- Public relations: The management of the public image of a business to maintain a positive reputation.
- Social media marketing: The use of social media platforms to promote a business and engage with customers.
- Job description: A written statement that outlines the duties, responsibilities, and qualifications required for a particular job.
- Interview: A meeting between a potential employer and employee to assess their suitability for the job.
- Feedback: Constructive criticism provided to an employee to improve their performance.
- Performance evaluation: A review of an employee's job performance against established criteria.
- Professional development: Opportunities for employees to learn new skills and knowledge to enhance their career prospects.

### Conclusion
Starting and running a business in Yokohama requires careful planning, effective management, and a strong understanding of the local market environment. By following the principles outlined in this lesson, you can develop a successful business that contributes to the city's economy and improves the lives of its residents.


text: PARIS, Oct 12 — Paris is set to host the inaugural edition of a major wine trade show next year that is expected to attract 25,000 attendees.. It’s an ambitious attendance forecast for an event that will mark its debut. But Wine Paris is the fruit of a collaboration between two major actors in the wine industry, Vinisud and Vinovision.. Surprisingly, despite its global wine-drinking reputation, the French capital has never hosted a major international wine trade show. Wine Paris is meant to close that gap, organizers say.. The trade fair aims to bring 25,000 attendees and 2,000 exhibitors.. Wine Paris beats rival Vinexpo to the punch, as the industry’s other major trade event will host its first Parisian event in 2020.. Wine Paris will take place at the city’s conference and exposition center Porte de Versailles February 11-13, 2019. — AFP-Relaxnews

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Wine Trade Shows

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of wine trade shows and their importance in the wine industry.

**Glossary:**
- Trade show: An event where companies display their products or services to potential buyers.
- Wine: A drink made from grapes.
- Industry: A group of companies that produce similar products or provide similar services.

**Section 1: The Importance of Wine Trade Shows**

Wine trade shows are important events in the wine industry because they allow companies to showcase their products and services to potential buyers. These events also provide opportunities for companies to network with other businesses and learn about new trends in the industry.

**Section 2: The Wine Paris Trade Show**

The Wine Paris trade show is a new event that aims to bring together 25,000 attendees and 2,000 exhibitors. This trade show is significant because it is the first major international wine trade show in Paris. The event will take place at the city's conference and exposition center Porte de Versailles on February 11-13, 2019.

**Section 3: The Importance of Wine Trade Shows in the Wine Industry**

Wine trade shows are important in the wine industry because they allow companies to:

1. Display their products and services to potential buyers.
2. Network with other businesses and learn about new trends in the industry.
3. Meet with distributors, importers, and retailers to negotiate sales and distribution deals.
4. Learn about new technologies and innovations in the wine industry.
5. Educate consumers about the benefits of wine and its production process.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

In conclusion, Wine Paris is a significant event in the wine industry that will provide opportunities for companies to showcase their products and services to potential buyers. This trade show is important because it fills a gap in the Parisian wine industry and will bring together major players in the industry. By attending this event, attendees will have the opportunity to learn about new trends, network with other businesses, and discover new products and services.


text: But as I looked at the food bulging from pantry and fridge I was reminded of a photo essay I'd seen earlier by Photojournalist Peter Menzel called, What the World Eats.. It's a fascinating look at global cultures, and at how ubiquitous some items are. Some families eat almost nothing except processed, packaged foods, some eat no packaged or processed food at all. There are very few families who do not have at least one or two bottles of Coca Cola among the week's provender, and sometimes there's a pyramid of the stuff.. As I make my tamales, mole negro and carne adovada, preparing dishes for loved ones who gather at our table, I will think of other families around the globe, and the foods on their tables as we bring this tumultuous year to an end.

textbook:
Lesson: Comparing Global Food Cultures

Introduction:
Food is an essential part of every culture, and it reflects the unique traditions and values of each society. In this lesson, we will explore the diverse food cultures around the world and compare them to our own. We will learn about different types of food, cooking methods, and eating habits that vary from region to region. By the end of this lesson, you will have a better understanding of how food shapes our lives and connects us to our communities.

Section 1: Exploring Global Food Cultures

Topic 1: Types of Food
- Discuss the different types of food that people eat around the world, such as grains, vegetables, fruits, meats, and dairy products.
- Ask students to identify the types of food they eat at home and compare them to other cultures.
- Define the term "food culture" and explain how it varies from country to country.

Topic 2: Cooking Methods
- Explain the various cooking methods used in different parts of the world, such as grilling, baking, frying, boiling, and steaming.
- Ask students to identify the cooking methods used in their own culture and compare them to other cultures.
- Define the term "cuisine" and explain how it reflects the unique flavors and ingredients of a particular region.

Topic 3: Eating Habits
- Discuss the different eating habits found around the world, such as snacking, family-style dining, and communal eating.
- Ask students to identify their own eating habits and compare them to other cultures.
- Define the term "food etiquette" and explain how it varies from culture to culture.

Section 2: Comparing Food Cultures

Topic 1: The Role of Food in Culture
- Discuss how food plays an important role in shaping cultural identity and social norms.
- Ask students to identify the ways in which food is used to celebrate or commemorate special events in their own culture.
- Define the term "gastronomy" and explain how it encompasses the study of food and its cultural significance.

Topic 2: The Impact of Globalization
- Explain how globalization has influenced food cultures around the world, including the spread of fast food and processed foods.
- Ask students to identify the impact of globalization on their own culture and the cultures of others.
- Define the term "fast food" and explain how it differs from traditional, home-cooked meals.

Topic 3: Sustainability and Health
- Discuss the importance of sustainable and healthy eating habits in today's world.
- Ask students to identify the ways in which their own culture promotes sustainability and healthy eating.
- Define the term "organic" and explain how it relates to sustainable agriculture and healthy eating.

Section 3: Applying Skills Gained

Topic 1: Comparing Food Cultures
- Ask students to compare their own food culture with that of another culture they have studied.
- Define the term "cultural exchange" and explain how it can lead to greater understanding and appreciation of different food cultures.
- Provide examples of cultural exchanges that have resulted in the sharing of food traditions and recipes.

Topic 2: Creating a Multicultural Meal
- Discuss the process of creating a multicultural meal that incorporates ingredients and recipes from different food cultures.
- Ask students to identify the ingredients and techniques they would use to create such a meal.
- Define the term "fusion cuisine" and explain how it combines elements from different culinary traditions.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, we have explored the diverse food cultures found around the world and compared them to our own. We have learned about the different types of food, cooking methods, and eating habits that vary from region to region. We have also discussed the role of food in shaping cultural identity and social norms, as well as the impact of globalization on food cultures. Finally, we have applied the skills gained from this lesson by comparing our own food culture with that of another culture and creating a multicultural meal. By understanding and appreciating the food cultures of others, we can foster greater understanding and respect for our global community.