text:
A STIM1-dependent 'trafficking trap' mechanism regulates Orai1 plasma membrane residence and Ca²⁺ influx levels.
The key proteins mediating store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) are the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) sensor STIM1 and the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-selective channel Orai1. Here, we quantitatively dissect Orai1 trafficking dynamics and show that Orai1 recycles rapidly at the plasma membrane (Kex≃0.1 min(-1)), with ∼40% of the total Orai1 pool localizing to the plasma membrane at steady state. A subset of intracellular Orai1 localizes to a sub-plasmalemal compartment. Store depletion is coupled to Orai1 plasma membrane enrichment in a STIM1-dependent fashion. This is due to trapping of Orai1 into cortical ER STIM1 clusters, leading to its removal from the recycling pool and enrichment at the plasma membrane. Interestingly, upon high STIM1 expression, Orai1 is trapped into STIM1 clusters intracellularly, thus preventing its plasma membrane enrichment following store depletion. Consistent with this, STIM1 knockdown prevents trapping of excess Orai1 into limiting STIM1 clusters in the cortical ER. SOCE-dependent Ca(2+) influx shows a similar biphasic dependence on the Orai1:STIM1 ratio. Therefore, a STIM1-dependent Orai1 'trafficking trap' mechanism controls Orai1 plasma membrane enrichment and SOCE levels, thus modulating the SOCE 'bandwidth' for downstream signaling.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Store-Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE)

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of Store-Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE) and its role in cellular processes.

**Grade Level:** Primary through High School

**Duration:** 1 hour

**Materials:** None

**Introduction:**

Store-Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE) is a process by which cells regulate their internal calcium levels. This process is essential for various cellular functions such as muscle contraction, neurotransmission, and gene expression. In this lesson, we will explore the key proteins involved in SOCE, the mechanisms behind this process, and its importance in cellular processes.

**Section 1: Key Proteins and Mechanisms**

The two key proteins involved in SOCE are the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca²⁺ sensor STIM1 and the plasma membrane Ca²⁺-selective channel Orai1. When the ER stores of calcium are depleted, STIM1 senses this change and activates Orai1, allowing calcium to enter the cell through the plasma membrane.

**Section 2: Trafficking of Orai1**

Recent research has shown that Orai1 recycles rapidly at the plasma membrane, with about 40% of the total Orai1 pool localizing to the plasma membrane at steady state. A subset of intracellular Orai1 localizes to a sub-plasmalemal compartment. This trafficking of Orai1 is regulated by STIM1, which forms clusters in the ER.

**Section 3: Importance of SOCE**

SOCE plays a crucial role in various cellular processes such as muscle contraction, neurotransmission, and gene expression. For example, in muscle cells, calcium entry through SOCE triggers muscle contraction. In neurons, calcium entry is essential for neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity.

**Conclusion:**

In this lesson, we have introduced the concept of Store-Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE) and its key proteins, mechanisms, and importance in cellular processes. By understanding the role of SOCE, we can appreciate the complexity and interdependence of various cellular functions.


text: - Details. - Category: Linguistics. - Published on Friday, 07 December 2012 18:24. - Written by Super User. - Hits: 2863. Post-Nostratic. The following is an account of research in progress, as it was presented at the fifth CESS conference, 17-20 October 2002.. In the past 15 years I have made a strong case that Indo-European was related to one of the Caucasian language families (Northwest Caucasian) at the distant level, in a phylem which I have called Pontic, (Colarusso 1996; in press). Uli Schamiloglu encouraged me to examine the far-flung links for Eurasia contained in the Nostratic hypothesis from a new critical perspective based upon my work.. The full text in PDF can be downloaded by clicking here

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Linguistics

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Linguistics is the scientific study of language and its structure, development, and function. It involves analyzing the sounds, words, and sentences of languages to understand how they work and how they are used by people.

## Section 2: Questions and Answers

**Question:** What are the main areas of study in linguistics?
**Answer:** The main areas of study in linguistics are phonetics (the study of sounds), phonology (the study of sound patterns), morphology (the study of word forms), syntax (the study of sentence structure), semantics (the study of meaning), and pragmatics (the study of how context affects language use).

## Section 3: Definitions and Examples

**Definition:** Phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning. For example, in English, the word "cat" has three phonemes: /k/, /æ/, and /t/.

**Example:** In the word "bread," there are three phonemes: /b/, /r/, and /ɛ/.

## Section 4: Real-World Scenarios

Linguistics has many practical applications, such as creating language learning materials, developing speech recognition software, and preserving endangered languages.

## Section 5: Critical Thinking

**Debate:** Is creativity more important in language learning or is accuracy more important?

**Arguments:** Some people argue that creativity is essential for language learners because it allows them to express themselves freely and come up with original ideas. Others argue that accuracy is more important because it helps learners communicate effectively and avoid misunderstandings.

**Conclusion:** Both creativity and accuracy are important in language learning. Creativity allows learners to explore their ideas and express themselves, while accuracy ensures that their messages are understood correctly by others. Balancing creativity and accuracy is crucial for effective communication and successful language learning.

## Glossary

- Phoneme: The smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning.
- Phonology: The study of sound patterns in languages.
- Morphology: The study of word forms in languages.
- Syntax: The study of sentence structure in languages.
- Semantics: The study of meaning in languages.
- Pragmatics: The study of how context affects language use.

## Conclusion

Linguistics is a fascinating field that explores the structure, development, and function of language. By understanding the theoretical concepts, applying real-world scenarios, and engaging in critical thinking, we can deepen our understanding of language and improve our language skills.


text: Mr. Rick Dyck is the main donor of the Ezra Vogel Special Skills School. He is a good-hearted American, he can speak Japanese and Chinese Mandarin.. Under Construction.. T).. The...". School.. Mr. Harry is a member of the School of Mirazu who does the great contribution to our schools, and introduced our schools to the School of Miraizu. He is also the one who help facilitate the contribution of PC from ANA (All Nippon Airways).. His real name is Hideaki Mifune, and Harry is just his nickname which his foreign co-worker named 10 years ago.. Miraizu (STEPS2CW) prepared a great movie film festival in 2010.. Happy birthday wishing movie for Harry in 2011 prepared by Mr. Kounthea Thi

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Philanthropy

Introduction:
Philanthropy is the act of giving time, money, or effort to help others without expecting anything in return. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of philanthropy, the different ways people can give back to their communities, and the impact it can have on society.

Section 1: What is Philanthropy?

**Topic 1: Definition of Philanthropy**
Philanthropy is the act of giving time, money, or effort to help others without expecting anything in return. It is a way to show kindness and generosity towards others.

**Topic 2: Importance of Philanthropy**
Philanthropy is important because it helps to improve the lives of others. It can provide resources and support to those in need, such as food, shelter, and medical care. Philanthropy can also help to create positive change in society by supporting causes such as education, the environment, and human rights.

**Topic 3: Ways to Give Back**
There are many ways to give back to your community, including volunteering, donating money or resources, and advocating for causes you believe in. No matter how small or large the act of kindness, it can make a big difference in someone's life.

Section 2: Examples of Philanthropy

**Topic 1: Individual Philanthropy**
Individuals can give back to their communities in many ways. For example, they can volunteer at local shelters, donate money to charities, or organize fundraisers for causes they believe in.

**Topic 2: Corporate Philanthropy**
Companies can also give back to their communities by donating money, resources, or time. For example, some companies may sponsor events or programs that benefit the community, while others may offer paid time off for employees to volunteer.

**Topic 3: Government Philanthropy**
Governments can also play a role in philanthropy by providing funding and resources to organizations and initiatives that aim to improve society. This can include support for education, healthcare, and infrastructure projects.

Section 3: Impact of Philanthropy

**Topic 1: Social Impact**
Philanthropy can have a significant impact on society by providing resources and support to those in need. It can help to reduce poverty, improve access to education and healthcare, and promote social justice.

**Topic 2: Economic Impact**
Philanthropy can also have an economic impact by stimulating growth and creating jobs. For example, when companies invest in their communities, it can lead to new business opportunities and job creation.

**Topic 3: Personal Impact**
Finally, philanthropy can have a personal impact by providing individuals with a sense of fulfillment and purpose. Giving back to others can bring joy and satisfaction, and it can also help to develop important skills such as leadership and teamwork.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, philanthropy is an important part of society that can have a significant impact on individuals, communities, and the world as a whole. By giving back, we can make a positive difference in the lives of others and help to create a better future for all.

Glossary:
- Philanthropy: The act of giving time, money, or effort to help others without expecting anything in return.
- Charity: An organization that provides assistance to those in need.
- Volunteer: Someone who gives their time and effort to help others without expecting payment.
- Advocate: To publicly support or recommend a particular cause or policy.
- Fundraiser: An event or activity designed to raise money for a specific cause or organization.

Self-Debating Discussion:
What are some ways that you can give back to your community? How has philanthropy impacted your life or the lives of those around you?


text: Material: Faux Leather. Created in 1989, Masami Shouko believes that beauty starts with right tools. Masami aims to provide the best, high quality tools from all around the world. Masami make up brushes consists of high quality natural hair that delivers perfection in make up result.. 1 January 2016. this pouch is not too big yet not too small. i use it to put my everyday makeup. The leather makes it look fancy too

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Materials and Their Properties

## Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about materials and their properties. We will focus on the material called faux leather, which is used to make a makeup pouch. Faux leather is a synthetic material that is designed to look like real leather but is made from other materials such as polyurethane or PVC.

## Section 2: Understanding Materials
To understand materials, we need to know their properties. Properties are the characteristics of a material that describe how it behaves under different conditions. Some common properties of materials include:

- Hardness: This refers to how easily a material can be scratched or dented.
- Elasticity: This refers to how well a material can return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed.
- Strength: This refers to how much weight a material can support without breaking.
- Durability: This refers to how long a material can last before it wears out or breaks.
- Conductivity: This refers to how well a material can conduct heat or electricity.

## Section 3: Exploring Materials
Now that we know some basic properties of materials, let's take a closer look at faux leather. Faux leather is made from synthetic materials, so it does not have the same properties as real leather. For example, faux leather is usually more durable than real leather because it does not tear or rip as easily. However, faux leather is not as strong as some other synthetic materials, such as nylon or polyester.

## Section 4: Practical Applications
Understanding the properties of materials is important because it helps us choose the right material for a particular job. For example, if we were making a makeup pouch, we would want a material that is durable enough to withstand being carried around every day, but also flexible enough to hold the makeup items. Faux leather would be a good choice for this because it is both durable and flexible.

## Section 5: Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about materials and their properties, with a focus on faux leather. By understanding the properties of materials, we can make informed decisions about which materials to use for different applications. This knowledge can help us create better products and solve problems more effectively.


text:
UN peacekeepers leave East Timor

MISSION ACCOMPLISHED:A ‘liquidation team’ is to dismantle the UN presence amid calm, after factional violence had threatened to destroy the country in 2006

AFP, UNITED NATIONS

With the country’s oil-based sovereign wealth fund now above US$11 billion, it has resources.

Silas Everett of the Asia Foundation said the government has to work harder on improving the business environment.

“Like other poor, newly democratic, oil-dependent nations, Timor-Leste’s development dreams are likely to be increasingly interrupted by instances of corruption, largess and inefficiency in its institutions for some time,” he said in a recent commentary.

“It is these very institutions, abiding by and upholding the rule of law, that are needed to turn petro-dollars into broad based economic growth for the benefit of all rather than for a few powerful elite,” he said.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Economics

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Economics is the study of how societies allocate scarce resources to meet unlimited wants and needs. It involves analyzing the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. In this lesson, we will learn about the basic concepts of economics, such as supply and demand, opportunity cost, and the role of government in the economy.

### Section 2: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios

Let's consider a simple example. Suppose you have $100 to spend on either a new shirt or a new pair of shoes. If you choose to buy the shirt, you cannot also buy the shoes because your budget is limited. The opportunity cost of buying the shirt is the value of the shoes you could have bought with the same money.

Now let's look at a real-world scenario. The price of gasoline is increasing, while the supply remains constant. This means that people will have to pay more for the same amount of gasoline. However, if the demand for gasoline decreases, the price may stabilize.

### Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

1. How does the concept of opportunity cost relate to the example of buying a new shirt?
2. Why does the price of gasoline increase when the supply remains constant?
3. What role does the government play in the economy?

### Glossary:
- Scarcity: The basic economic problem of having unlimited wants and needs but limited resources to satisfy them.
- Supply and Demand: The relationship between the quantity of a good or service that producers are willing to sell and the quantity that consumers are willing to buy, at different prices.
- Opportunity Cost: The value of the next best alternative that is forgone when a choice is made.
- Government: An organization that has the authority to make and enforce laws, and to regulate the behavior of individuals and businesses within a certain area.

### Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the basic concepts of economics, including scarcity, supply and demand, and opportunity cost. We also looked at a real-world scenario involving the price of gasoline and discussed the role of government in the economy. By understanding these concepts, we can better understand how societies allocate resources and make choices about what to produce, consume, and regulate.


text:
Know when it’s back first

Live from the On Labs

the Cloudrush - crush rivals in complete comfort.

A sole made for podiums

With 18 responsive, low-abrasion rubber elements, the patented CloudTec® sole of the Cloudrush is streamlined for winning. What would you expect from the soul of the On that has topped more podiums than any other.

Changes with your run

The extremely slim midsole of the Cloudrush is comprised of high-grade EVA, and features a flexible Speedboard that rolls with you. Combined with an innovative heel structure, the Cloudrush supports a dynamic stride, meaning as your run changes, so too does the shoe.

Day and night and always on

Whether competing during the day or training through the night – be seen with the Cloudrush. White and black and silver elements let the Cloudrush stand out on the street, while reflective details keep runners seen in low-light.

Taping: a trick of the trade

The principle of taping an athlete’s foot at strategic spots has long been a trick of professional runners. For the Cloudrush, this has been translated into the actual skeletal-design of an all-new upper creation.

Goal

Heel-toe offset

Weight

Category

Cloudrush reviews

What runners say

Best running shoe I ever had

Pascal, Switzerland, I run 20 - 40km per week, I run primarily to train to race and compete

This one is even better then the first version of the Cloudsurfer. Even though it is lighter, it doesn't feel less stable...quite the opposite! I used this shoe for multiple half ironmans (including world champs) and couldn't be more satisfied. Not once it felt too harsh or not enough damped even with the tired legs after the swim and the run. In training I also run on the track, on the treadmill or on trails in the forest with it. No issues there as well. No stones in the sole or damages on the upper. 100% recommendation and I really hope, it will be available for quite some time!

so technical, yet so versatile

Stephanie, California, I run over 40km per week, I run primarily to train to race and compete

This shoe serves my life so well! The technical aspects of the Cloudrush are perfection! It's so lightweight, yet cushioned! What I wouldn't expect from a super technical piece of running gear is how perfectly stylized this model is. I wear it just as much with casual wear as I do for track workouts and long runs which makes it my go-to for travel. To have one shoe that I can wear putting in training miles by morning then touring around Roman Ruins by day is worth it's weight in gold...which wouldn't be much since it's so lightweight! ;)

Amazing

Lawrence , Dublin, I run 0 - 20km per week, I run primarily to train to race and compete

I have tried about 30 different types of running shoes , got these recently and did a PB 3.29 Dublin Marathon

textbook:
Lesson: How to Identify and Use Key Features of Running Shoes

Introduction:
Running shoes are designed to provide support, cushioning, and stability to runners. In this lesson, we will explore the key features of running shoes and how to identify them. We will also discuss how to use these features to improve your running experience.

Section 1: Key Features of Running Shoes
- Cushioning: The cushioning in running shoes is designed to absorb shock and reduce the impact on your joints. Look for shoes with a high-quality cushioning system that provides support and comfort.
- Support: Good running shoes should provide arch support to prevent overpronation or supination. This helps to reduce the risk of injury and improve overall running performance.
- Stability: Stability features in running shoes help to control excessive motion in the foot. This can help to prevent injuries such as shin splints and plantar fasciitis.
- Traction: The outsole of a running shoe should provide good traction on various surfaces. This helps to prevent slipping and improves overall running efficiency.

Section 2: Identifying Key Features
- Cushioning: Look for shoes with a thick, cushy sole. This indicates a high-quality cushioning system.
- Support: Shoes with a wide, stable base indicate good arch support. Try on the shoe and press down on the arch to see if it feels stable.
- Stability: Shoes with a medial post or dual-density foam indicate stability features. This can help to prevent overpronation or supination.
- Traction: The tread pattern on the outsole indicates the level of traction. Look for a shoe with a pattern that provides good grip on various surfaces.

Section 3: Using Key Features to Improve Your Running Experience
- Cushioning: A good cushioning system can help to reduce impact on your joints and improve overall comfort. Try on different shoes with varying levels of cushioning to find the perfect balance between comfort and support.
- Support: Proper arch support can help to prevent injuries and improve running efficiency. Make sure the shoe you choose provides the right amount of support for your foot type.
- Stability: Stability features can help to prevent injuries such as shin splints and plantar fasciitis. If you overpronate or supinate, look for a shoe with stability features to help correct your form.
- Traction: Good traction is essential for improving overall running efficiency. Choose a shoe with a good tread pattern that provides grip on various surfaces.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, identifying and using the key features of running shoes can help to improve your running experience and prevent injury. By choosing a shoe with proper cushioning, support, stability, and traction, you can enhance your overall performance and comfort. Remember to try on different shoes and test their features to find the perfect fit for your unique running needs.


text: Constructed Otherness show curated by PERIFERIA, London 2015.. • Production of curated exhibitions and art events. • Advisory for new collectors on how to start, plan and develop an art collection. • Curatorial advice for acquisitions and exhibitions. • Art project management. • Art market and portfolios research. • Assistance to develop a market profile for artists. • We specialise in advisory for organisations to define identity, improve their performance and reach new audiences. Our expertise is working with small-scale art business development.. Specialised services for artists:. • Portfolio review & development: conceptualisation & finding market opportunities.. • Curatorial & project management of exhibitions & long term projects.. • Advice on how to find collaborations with galleries & other institutions.. • Workshops & sessions 1:1 on how to find and write grants and residency applications.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Art Collecting

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Collecting art can be a fun and rewarding hobby. It allows you to own a piece of history and enjoy beautiful pieces of work. However, before you start collecting, it's essential to understand the basics of art collecting. In this lesson, we will cover the following topics:

- What is art collecting?
- Types of art collecting
- How to start collecting art

### Section 2: Questions and Answers
**Question:** What is art collecting?
**Answer:** Art collecting is the act of buying, selling, or possessing artwork. It can be a personal passion, an investment, or both. Collectors may focus on specific artists, styles, or periods. They may also collect items that are rare or unique.

**Question:** What are the types of art collecting?
**Answer:** There are several types of art collecting, including:

1. Fine Art: This type of collecting involves purchasing original works of art created by well-known artists. These pieces are often one-of-a-kind and can be quite expensive.

2. Decorative Arts: This type of collecting involves purchasing functional objects that are also works of art. Examples include furniture, ceramics, and textiles.

3. Photography: This type of collecting involves purchasing photographs taken by famous photographers. Like fine art, these pieces are often one-of-a-kind and can be quite valuable.

4. Printmaking: This type of collecting involves purchasing prints created by artists. These prints are usually produced in limited editions and can be quite valuable.

### Section 3: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios
Now that we understand the basics of art collecting, let's look at some practical examples. Suppose you want to start collecting art. In that case, you may want to consider the following:

1. Determine your budget: Before you start collecting, it's essential to determine how much money you are willing to spend on art. This will help you narrow down your options and find pieces that fit within your budget.

2. Research artists: Once you know your budget, you can start researching artists whose work you like. Look for artists who are up-and-coming or established but still relatively unknown. This can help you find pieces that may be undervalued and have potential for growth.

3. Attend art fairs and galleries: Attending art fairs and galleries is a great way to see a lot of art in person. You can talk to dealers and artists, ask questions, and see what types of art interest you.

4. Develop a theme: Many successful collectors develop a theme or focus for their collections. This can help you narrow down your options and create a cohesive collection.

### Glossary
- Fine Art: Original works of art created by well-known artists.
- Decorative Arts: Functional objects that are also works of art.
- Photography: Photographs taken by famous photographers.
- Printmaking: Prints created by artists in limited editions.

### Conclusion
In conclusion, art collecting can be a fun and rewarding hobby. By understanding the basics of art collecting and following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can start building a collection that you will enjoy for years to come. Remember to research artists, attend art fairs and galleries, and develop a theme to create a cohesive collection. With these tips in mind, you'll be well on your way to becoming an art collector.


text: INTERIOR DESIGN IDEAS & INSPIRATION. Atmosphere Interior Design. Established in 2004, ATMOSPHERE INTERIOR DESIGN INC. offers a complete interior design service, from conception to completion – bringing a unique blend of classic, contemporary and traditional styles to Saskatchewan’s residential and commercial interiors. Many award winning and other projects have been published in various trade publications.With a comprehensive understanding of furnishings, textiles & custom design, Trevor Ciona & Curtis Elmy bring a thorough & inspired vision allowing clients to develop complete confidence in their careful direction…[read more]. Wall Covering & Fabric in Design. One can easily create inspiring design through the use of beautiful textiles that engage the senses. I have compiled an exquisite collection of luxurious wall coverings and fabrics from some of my favorite brands.…[read more]. Dining Room Design Ideas [...]

textbook:
Title: Interior Design Ideas & Inspiration

Introduction:
Interior design is an art and science that involves creating aesthetically pleasing and functional spaces. It involves planning, researching, coordinating, and managing the construction of an interior environment that is safe, functional, and beautiful. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of interior design, including the principles, elements, and processes involved in creating stunning interior spaces.

Principles of Interior Design:
1. Balance - Balance refers to the distribution of weight or mass in a room. It creates a sense of stability and harmony.
2. Proportion - Proportion refers to the size and scale of objects in a room. It creates a sense of rhythm and harmony.
3. Unity - Unity refers to the coherence of all design elements in a room. It creates a sense of oneness and harmony.
4. Variety - Variety refers to the use of different elements in a room. It creates a sense of interest and excitement.
5. Contrast - Contrast refers to the use of opposite elements in a room. It creates a sense of tension and drama.

Elements of Interior Design:
1. Line - Line refers to a continuous mark on a surface. It creates a sense of direction and movement.
2. Form - Form refers to the shape and volume of objects. It creates a sense of depth and texture.
3. Color - Color refers to the hue, saturation, and value of objects. It creates a sense of mood and emotion.
4. Texture - Texture refers to the surface quality of objects. It creates a sense of touch and tactility.
5. Light - Light refers to the illumination of a space. It creates a sense of ambiance and atmosphere.

Processes of Interior Design:
1. Schematic Design - Schematic design involves creating a rough sketch of the space. It involves identifying the function and layout of the space.
2. Design Development - Design development involves refining the schematic design. It involves selecting materials, finishes, and furniture.
3. Documentation - Documentation involves creating detailed drawings and specifications. It involves obtaining permits and approvals from authorities.
4. Construction Documents - Construction documents involve creating detailed drawings and specifications. It involves overseeing the construction process.
5. Installation - Installation involves installing fixtures, furniture, and accessories. It involves ensuring that the space is safe and functional.

Conclusion:
Interior design is a fascinating field that involves creating beautiful and functional spaces. By understanding the principles, elements, and processes involved in interior design, you can create stunning interior spaces that reflect your personal style and meet your needs. Whether you are designing a residential or commercial space, interior design can help you achieve your vision.

Glossary:
- Balance: The distribution of weight or mass in a room.
- Proportion: The size and scale of objects in a room.
- Unity: The coherence of all design elements in a room.
- Variety: The use of different elements in a room.
- Contrast: The use of opposite elements in a room.
- Line: A continuous mark on a surface.
- Form: The shape and volume of objects.
- Color: The hue, saturation, and value of objects.
- Texture: The surface quality of objects.
- Light: The illumination of a space.


text: I am a registered nurse of 22 years, Many of my years have been in a Labour and Birth setting. So I have witnessed many births and even delivered babies when they could not wait for the Dr. to arrive! or been there beside you when you are having a cesarean section.I have been preparing for health coaching over the years in other programs in understanding how are autonomic nervous system works ?related to stress.Functional Medicine health coaching looking at lifestyle changes we can make to become our healthiest.Life is exciting!. All. No Archives. RSS Feed

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Autonomic Nervous System and its Relation to Stress

**Introduction**

In this lesson, we will learn about the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and how it relates to stress. We will cover the following topics:

1. What is the ANS?
2. How does the ANS work?
3. What happens when we experience stress?
4. How can we manage stress using the ANS?

**Section 1: What is the ANS?**

The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is a part of the nervous system that controls bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate without us having to think about them. It is divided into two parts: the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.

**Section 2: How does the ANS work?**

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, which prepares our body for action. It increases heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate. On the other hand, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "rest and digest" response, which helps us relax and recover after a stressful event.

**Section 3: What happens when we experience stress?**

When we experience stress, our body releases stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones prepare our body for action by increasing heart rate and blood pressure. However, if we experience chronic stress, these hormones can have negative effects on our body, such as increasing the risk of heart disease and weakening our immune system.

**Section 4: How can we manage stress using the ANS?**

To manage stress using the ANS, we can use techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, and yoga. These techniques help activate the parasympathetic nervous system, which helps us relax and recover from stress. Additionally, regular exercise and a healthy diet can also help manage stress by keeping our ANS in balance.

**Conclusion**

Understanding the ANS and its relation to stress is essential for maintaining good health. By using techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, and yoga, we can manage stress and keep our ANS in balance. Remember, a healthy body and mind are essential for living our best lives.


text: News releases concerning Tulane Law School, its faculty, staff, students, and programs are posted here. For more information, please send an email to lawcommunications@tulane.edu.. October 31, 2013. The Tulane Institute on Water Resources Law & Policy has hired 2013 graduate Harry Vorhoff for a 12-month fellowship.. Vorhoff is a native New Orleanian experienced with water law and water management in the city. He worked with the institute as a student researcher and did extensive work as part of the team that crafted the Greater New Orleans Urban Water Plan.. He is also on the board of Friends of Lafitte Corridor.. Tulane Lawyer Magazine

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Water Law and Policy

**Objective:** To provide an overview of water law and policy, including the role of institutions and actors involved in water resource management.

**Section 1:** Theoretical Concepts

- **Water Law:** A body of law that governs the allocation, use, and protection of water resources.
- **Policy:** A course of action or principle adopted by a government or other organization to guide decisions and achieve specific objectives.
- **Institutions:** Organizations or entities responsible for managing and regulating water resources.
- **Actors:** Individuals or groups involved in the decision-making process related to water resource management.

**Section 2:** Questions and Answers

- What are the main sources of water law?
- How does water policy differ from country to country?
- Who are the key actors involved in water resource management?
- What is the role of institutions in water law and policy?

**Section 3:** Definitions and Examples

- **Jurisdiction:** The authority of a court or government agency to interpret and apply the law.
- **Adjudication:** A legal proceeding in which evidence is presented and a decision is made by a judge.
- **Appropriative rights:** A system of water allocation based on priority of use.
- **Riparian rights:** The rights of landowners to use water flowing through or adjacent to their property.

**Section 4:** Practical Examples

- The Clean Water Act in the United States is an example of water policy aimed at protecting public health and the environment.
- The International Law Commission has developed principles on the use of transboundary water courses and international watercourses.
- The World Bank Group plays an important role in providing financial and technical assistance to countries for water resource management.

**Section 5:** Self-Debating Discussions

- Should water be considered a human right? Why or why not?
- How can water resource management be improved to address climate change and population growth?
- What role do non-governmental organizations play in water law and policy?

**Glossary:**

- Jurisdiction: The authority of a court or government agency to interpret and apply the law.
- Adjudication: A legal proceeding in which evidence is presented and a decision is made by a judge.
- Appropriative rights: A system of water allocation based on priority of use.
- Riparian rights: The rights of landowners to use water flowing through or adjacent to their property.

**Conclusion:**

Understanding water law and policy is essential for managing our most precious resource. By learning about the institutions, actors, and concepts involved in water resource management, we can better appreciate the complexity of these issues and work towards finding sustainable solutions.


text:
Effects of ovarian steroid hormones on esterases in the rat endometrium.
A technique in which uterine luminal epithelium is separated from the remainder of the endometrium by rapidly vibrating everted uterine cornua in a 3-5 mM solution of EDTA has been developed. Examination of the hormonal sensitivities and physiological roles of the tissue components of the endometrium is thus facilitated. Biochemical and histochemical studies of epithelial, stromal and endometrial esterases have shown that the rate of hydrolysis of alpha-naphthyl acetate is significantly higher in epithelial and endometrial tissue extracts during pro-oestrus than at any other stage of the oestrous cycle. In ovariectomized animals, oestradiol-17 beta caused a 60% increase in the rate of esterase activity over that of control animals, whereas medroxyprogesterone acetate had no effect. These findings suggest that the variations in the levels of neutral lipids in the uterine luminal epithelium of non-pregnant mature female rats result from the periodic stimulation of the epithelial esterases by the cyclically increased levels of plasma oestrogens.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Hormones and their Effects on the Body

### Overview
In this lesson, we will learn about hormones, their functions, and how they affect the body. We will focus on the effects of ovarian steroid hormones on esterases in the rat endometrium as an example.

### Objectives
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

1. Define what hormones are and their role in the body.
2. Identify the main types of hormones and their functions.
3. Explain the effects of ovarian steroid hormones on esterases in the rat endometrium.
4. Analyze the results of biochemical and histochemical studies on epithelial, stromal, and endometrial esterases.
5. Apply the concept of hormones and their effects on the body to other biological systems.

### Section 1: What are Hormones and their Role in the Body?
Hormones are chemical messengers that are produced by glands in the endocrine system. They travel through the bloodstream and regulate various bodily functions such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Hormones play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and ensuring that the body functions properly.

### Section 2: Types of Hormones and their Functions
There are several types of hormones, including:

1. Steroid hormones: These hormones are derived from cholesterol and have a wide range of functions, including regulating metabolism, immune function, and sexual development.
2. Peptide hormones: These hormones are made up of amino acids and are involved in processes such as digestion, blood sugar regulation, and stress response.
3. Thyroid hormones: These hormones regulate metabolism, growth, and development.

### Section 3: Effects of Ovarian Steroid Hormones on Esterases in the Rat Endometrium
The rat endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus and plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle. Ovarian steroid hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, have significant effects on the endometrium, preparing it for potential pregnancy.

A technique called the "vibrating everted uterine cornua" has been developed to study the effects of these hormones on the endometrium. This technique allows researchers to separate the uterine luminal epithelium from the rest of the endometrium, making it easier to examine the hormonal sensitivity and physiological roles of the tissue components.

Biochemical and histochemical studies have shown that the rate of hydrolysis of alpha-naphthyl acetate is significantly higher in epithelial and endometrial tissue extracts during pro-oestrus than at any other stage of the oestrous cycle. This suggests that the levels of neutral lipids in the uterine luminal epithelium of non-pregnant mature females are highly sensitive to changes in hormone levels.

In ovariectomized animals, oestradiol-17 beta caused a 60% increase in the rate of esterase activity over that of control animals, whereas medroxyprogesterone acetate had no effect. These findings suggest that the variations in the levels of neutral lipids in the uterine luminal epithelium of non-pregnant mature females are primarily due to the actions of ovarian steroid hormones.

### Section 4: Analyzing Results of Biochemical and Histochemical Studies
The results of the biochemical and histochemical studies on epithelial, stromal, and endometrial esterases show that the rate of hydrolysis of alpha-naphthyl acetate is significantly higher in epithelial and endometrial tissue extracts during pro-oestrus than at any other stage of the oestrous cycle. This suggests that the levels of neutral lipids in the uterine luminal epithelium of non-pregnant mature females are highly sensitive to changes in hormone levels.

In ovariectomized animals, oestradiol-17 beta caused a 60% increase in the rate of esterase activity over that of control animals, whereas medroxyprogesterone acetate had no effect. These findings suggest that the variations in the levels of neutral lipids in the uterine luminal epithelium of non-pregnant mature females are primarily due to the actions of ovarian steroid hormones.

### Section 5: Applying Concepts to Other Biological Systems
The concept of hormones and their effects on the body can be applied to other biological systems. For example, the pancreas produces insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels, and the adrenal glands produce cortisol, a hormone that helps the body respond to stress. Understanding the role of hormones in these systems can help us better understand how the body functions and how to maintain overall health.

### Glossary
- Hormone: A chemical messenger produced by glands in the endocrine system that travels through the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions.
- Endometrium: The inner lining of the uterus that prepares for potential pregnancy.
- Steroid hormones: Hormones derived from cholesterol that have a wide range of functions, including regulating metabolism, immune function, and sexual development.
- Peptide hormones: Hormones made up of amino acids that are involved in processes such as digestion, blood sugar regulation, and stress response.
- Thyroid hormones: Hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development.
- Esterases: Enzymes that break down esters into acids and alcohols.
- Alpha-naphthyl acetate: A substrate used in enzyme assays to measure the activity of esterases.
- Ovariectomy: The surgical removal of the ovaries.
- Pro-oestrus: A stage of the oestrous cycle characterized by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, leading to ovulation.
- Medroxyprogesterone acetate: A synthetic progestin used in hormone replacement therapy and contraception.

### Conclusion
In conclusion, hormones play a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions. By studying the effects of ovarian steroid hormones on esterases in the rat endometrium, we can gain a deeper understanding of how hormones affect the body. This knowledge can be applied to other biological systems, helping us better understand overall health and wellness.


text:
You all know that I adore anything vintage and bridal themed. I love looking at the different styles of vintage wedding gowns and wedding cakes. The detailing is usually splendid, casting a look at the skills of the old world experts who painstakingly crafted their goods to absolute perfection. Finding modern day versions gives me such joy because I love the thought of the best parts of yesterday being repeated tomorrow; what was great once can always be great again. Amen.

Today, I’ve been admiring the different styles of wedding cakes from two separate companies; Zoe Clark Cakes and Dunn’s Bakery. So many of their creations have caught my attention but here are some of my particular favourites:

Zoe Clark’s Pink Vintage LaceCake above is breathtaking. The icing looks intricate and pretty, creating the delicate lace effect which could match many a bridal gown in its simplicity and grace. In contrast, Dunn’s Bakery have the even more vintage looking Cameo Cake below, which could rival any Regency decorated wedding venues for a showstopper award! And if you’re lucky enough to serve your wedding meal on Wedgewood china, this cake is a must for you…

For a more ‘girlie’ gloriousness, I love the Ivory Ruffle creation below, from Zoe Clark. She gets top marks for evoking my nostalgia for ’50s prom dresses! I desperately want to run my fingers through the ruffles like I would across a frilly prom skirt! Of course, that would completely destroy the stunning visual effect, but I suspect licking the icing from my hands afterwards would more than compensate 😉

You’ll find yet more Hollywood glamour in Zoe Clark’s Bow & Brooch Cake, which is a favourite coupling amongst cake makers. It’s amazing what a bit of bling and ribbon can do to not only jazz up an iced cake but also give it that ever-beautiful vintage appeal:

If 1950s ruffles aren’t your thing, and you think brooches are for grandmothers, there’s always the 1970s if you want brighter inspiration. ’70s wedding cakes were famous for their high tiers and colourful accessories – from edible flowers to vibrant ribbons. It may sound kitsch, but these cakes can still look stylish in today’s modern world. All it takes is a little imagination – and it looks like Dunn’s Bakery can probably find a perfect balance of colour and style to suit your tastes. Check out their Rosetrellis design below:

Not for you? What about the regal looking Dunstan (pictured below) instead? Not as detailed as the Rosetrellis, you still get the impact of the separate tiers and a very eye-catching cake topper…

Alternatively, if they’re not quite vintage enough for you, but you still want something similar, there’s Dunn Bakery’s Cascade cake (below). With it’s pink roses and pipework icing, it may be the perfect compromise!

Otherwise, it may be worth speaking to Zoe Clark about a more specific theme. I love what she’s created below – a dress inspired by a wedding gown design! This is her Caroline Castigliano Dress Inspired Cake and it’s beautiful…

All this cake talk has made me hugry … it’s time to dig a gateau from the freezer or find a nice tea shop for a slice of Victoria Sponge. Yummy!

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Attention to Detail

Introduction:
Attention to detail is an essential skill that can help us in various aspects of our lives. It is particularly important when it comes to creating things of beauty and perfection, like vintage wedding gowns and cakes. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of paying close attention to every little detail and how it can make a big difference in the final outcome.

Section 1: Understanding the Importance of Attention to Detail

Question: Why is attention to detail important?
Answer: Attention to detail is important because it helps us create things of exceptional quality and beauty. It ensures that every aspect of our work is perfect, leaving no room for errors or imperfections. When we pay close attention to detail, we can achieve excellence in our work, which is something that people appreciate and admire.

Section 2: Practical Examples Using Mathematical Abstractions

Question: How can we apply attention to detail in real-world scenarios?
Answer: Attention to detail is crucial in many real-world scenarios, such as designing a building, creating a piece of art, or even cooking a meal. For example, when designing a building, architects need to pay close attention to every little detail, like the shape of the windows, the color of the walls, and the texture of the flooring. Similarly, when cooking a meal, chefs need to ensure that each ingredient is measured and prepared correctly to create a dish that tastes perfect.

Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions to Teach Critical Thinking

Question: How does attention to detail relate to critical thinking?
Answer: Attention to detail is an essential part of critical thinking because it helps us analyze information carefully and thoroughly. When we pay close attention to every little detail, we can identify patterns, connections, and inconsistencies that would otherwise go unnoticed. This allows us to make informed decisions and draw accurate conclusions based on the available evidence.

Glossary:
- Attention to detail: The process of carefully examining every aspect of your work to ensure that it is perfect.
- Perfection: A state of flawlessness where nothing can be improved upon.
- Quality: The standard of something's production, performance, or appearance.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, attention to detail is an essential skill that can help us create things of exceptional quality and beauty. By paying close attention to every little detail, we can achieve perfection in our work, which is something that people appreciate and admire. Whether you are designing a building, creating a piece of art, or cooking a meal, attention to detail is crucial to achieving excellence in your work.


text:
Universal generation of 1/f noises.
This paper establishes a universal mechanism for the generation of 1/f noises. The mechanism is based on a signal-superposition model, which superimposes signals transmitted from independent sources. All sources transmit a statistically common-yet arbitrary-stochastic signal pattern; each source has its own random transmission parameters-amplitude, frequency, and initiation epoch. We explore randomizations of the transmission parameters which render the power spectrum of the super-imposed signal invariant with respect of the stochastic signal pattern transmitted. Analysis shows that the aforementioned randomizations yield superimposed signals which are 1/f noises. The result obtained is, in effect, a randomized central limit theorem for 1/f noises.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to 1/f Noises

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

1/f noises are a type of stochastic process that exhibit a power-law frequency distribution of the form P(f) ∝ 1/f. These noises are found in various natural and man-made systems, such as earthquakes, financial markets, and human physiology. In this lesson, we will explore the concept of 1/f noises and their applications.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's consider an example of a 1/f noise in the form of a stock price time series. Suppose the stock price follows a random walk with drift, which can be represented by the equation:

S_t = S_0 + μt + σW_t

where S_t is the stock price at time t, S_0 is the initial stock price, μ is the drift, σ is the volatility, and W_t is a Wiener process (a 1/f noise). The power spectrum of the stock price time series will exhibit a power-law distribution with exponent -α = 1, which is a characteristic feature of 1/f noises.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

1/f noises have been found in various natural and man-made systems. Why do you think this is the case? Can you think of any other systems where 1/f noises might be observed?

## Glossary

- 1/f noises: A type of stochastic process that exhibits a power-law frequency distribution of the form P(f) ∝ 1/f.
- Power spectrum: A representation of the amplitude of a signal as a function of frequency.
- Wiener process: A stochastic process with constant variance and mean square increment.
- Random walk with drift: A continuous-time stochastic process that exhibits random motion and has a constant average velocity.

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we have explored the concept of 1/f noises and their applications in various systems. We have also seen how these noises can be generated using a signal-superposition model and how they exhibit a power-law frequency distribution. By understanding the properties of 1/f noises, we can gain insights into the behavior of complex systems and develop strategies to predict and control them.


text: Here's a Flint Journal letter to the editor for January 29, 2009:. President Barack Obama has indicated that he would consider all suggestions from anyone relative to stimulating the economy.. Therefore, my recommendation is to provide a tax deduction for all single-product purchases in excess of $500 for items made in the U.S.. We need to stimulate our economy and not China's, so let a tax deduction be focused where it will help Americans. Michigan could follow suit for all products purchased that are manufactured in Michigan.. Gregg S. Richardson. Mundy Township. See more Flint Journal letters to the editor. | Give your view on this letter in the comments area below.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Economic Stimulus Measures

Introduction:
Economic stimulus measures are actions taken by governments to boost economic activity during times of recession or slow growth. These measures aim to create jobs, increase consumer spending, and improve overall economic conditions. In this lesson, we will explore the concept of economic stimulus measures and discuss the pros and cons of different approaches.

Section 1: Understanding Economic Stimulus Measures

Topic 1: What are economic stimulus measures?
Economic stimulus measures are actions taken by governments to boost economic activity during times of recession or slow growth. These measures aim to create jobs, increase consumer spending, and improve overall economic conditions.

Topic 2: Types of economic stimulus measures
There are several types of economic stimulus measures, including:
1. Fiscal policy: This involves changes in government spending or tax policies to increase demand and stimulate economic growth.
2. Monetary policy: This involves changes in interest rates or the money supply to influence economic activity.
3. Direct government intervention: This involves direct actions taken by the government, such as infrastructure projects or subsidies for specific industries.

Topic 3: Pros and cons of different approaches
Each approach has its advantages and disadvantages. For example:

Pros:
- Fiscal policy can be targeted to specific sectors of the economy that need support.
- Direct government intervention can create jobs and stimulate economic activity quickly.

Cons:
- Fiscal policy can lead to higher government debt levels if not managed carefully.
- Direct government intervention can be politically difficult to implement and may not be effective in all situations.

Section 2: Analyzing the Letter to the Editor

Topic 1: What is the author's recommendation for economic stimulus?
The author recommends providing a tax deduction for all single-product purchases in excess of $500 for items made in the U.S. This would encourage consumers to buy American-made products, thereby stimulating the U.S. economy.

Topic 2: How does the author's proposal differ from other economic stimulus measures?
The author's proposal differs from other economic stimulus measures in that it focuses specifically on promoting the purchase of American-made products. While fiscal policy and monetary policy can also be used to stimulate the economy, they are generally more broad-based and do not target specific industries or products.

Section 3: Applying the Concepts to Real-World Scenarios

Topic 1: How might the author's proposal impact different sectors of the economy?
If implemented, the author's proposal could have a significant impact on the manufacturing sector, particularly those companies that produce American-made products. Consumers may be more likely to purchase these products due to the tax deduction, which could lead to increased demand and production. However, the impact on other sectors of the economy, such as retail or service industries, may be limited.

Topic 2: How might the author's proposal affect different groups of people?
The author's proposal could benefit certain groups of people, such as workers in the manufacturing industry, who may see increased demand for their products. However, it may not benefit others, such as consumers who may not be able to take advantage of the tax deduction if they do not purchase American-made products. Additionally, some critics may argue that targeted interventions like this can lead to protectionism and unfair trade practices.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, economic stimulus measures are an important tool for governments to use during times of economic difficulty. While there are different approaches to stimulus, each has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. By analyzing proposals such as the one presented in the letter to the editor, we can better understand the potential impacts and limitations of different economic stimulus measures.

Glossary:
- Fiscal policy: Government actions involving taxation, spending, or borrowing to influence the economy.
- Monetary policy: Government actions involving interest rates or the money supply to influence the economy.
- Direct government intervention: Actions taken by the government to directly influence the economy, such as subsidies or infrastructure projects.
- Protectionism: Policies that protect domestic industries from foreign competition through tariffs or other measures.

Self-Debate:
Do you think targeted economic stimulus measures are effective in promoting economic growth? Why or why not? Use evidence to support your position.


text:
Reconstitution of carbamylcholine-dependent sodium ion flux and desensitization of the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica.
Membranes rich in acetylcholine receptor were isolated from Torpedo californica by a modification of the procedure of Sobel et al. (Sobel, A., Weber, M., and Changeux, J.-P. (1977) Eur. J. Biochem. 80, 215-224). The receptor was extracted with 2% potassium cholate in the presence of 2.5% soybean phospholipids. After reconstitution by the cholate dialysis procedure, the vesicles exhibited a rapid, carbamylcholine-dependent uptake of 22Na+, which was inhibited by alpha-bungarotoxin and several other known inhibitors. At concentrations above 5 x 10(-5) M carbamylcholine, the fast phase of Na+ influx lasted less than 10 sec. At 5 x 10(-6)M, it lasted 30 sec but was only about 50% of the maximal total uptake observed at optimal agonist concentration. The phenomenon of desensitization was exhibited by the reconstituted vesicles. When 2 x 10(-4)M carbamylcholine was added, 15 sec before 22Na+, the rapid Na+ influx phase was no longer observed.

textbook:
Lesson: Reconstitution of carbamylcholine-dependent sodium ion flux and desensitization of the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the process of reconstituting carbamylcholine-dependent sodium ion flux and desensitization of the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica. This is an important topic in biology, especially for those interested in neurobiology and physiology.

Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
- Acetylcholine receptors are found in the nervous system and play a crucial role in transmitting signals between neurons.
- Carbamylcholine is a ligand that binds to acetylcholine receptors, causing a change in the receptor's conformation and allowing sodium ions to flow into the cell.
- Desensitization is the process by which a receptor loses its ability to respond to a stimulus after prolonged exposure.

Section 2: Practical Examples
- To study the reconstitution of carbamylcholine-dependent sodium ion flux, scientists use membranes rich in acetylcholine receptors from Torpedo californica.
- These membranes are then extracted and reconstituted with other components to form vesicles that can be studied in vitro.
- The vesicles exhibit a rapid, carbamylcholine-dependent uptake of sodium ions, which can be inhibited by certain compounds such as alpha-bungarotoxin.
- At high concentrations of carbamylcholine, the receptor becomes desensitized, meaning it no longer responds to the stimulus.

Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions
- Why is it important to study the desensitization of acetylcholine receptors?
- How does the process of desensitization affect the overall function of the nervous system?
- Can desensitization be prevented or reversed? If so, how?

Glossary:
- Acetylcholine receptor: a protein found in the nervous system that binds to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, allowing for the transmission of signals between neurons.
- Carbamylcholine: a ligand that binds to acetylcholine receptors, causing a conformational change in the receptor and allowing sodium ions to flow into the cell.
- Desensitization: the process by which a receptor loses its ability to respond to a stimulus after prolonged exposure.
- Neuron: a specialized cell in the nervous system that communicates with other cells via electrical and chemical signals.
- Nervous system: the network of cells and tissues responsible for coordinating and controlling bodily functions.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have learned about the process of reconstituting carbamylcholine-dependent sodium ion flux and desensitization of the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica. We have covered theoretical concepts, practical examples, and self-debating discussions related to this topic. By understanding these concepts, we can apply them to other areas of biology and medicine, such as drug development and neurological disorders.


text: Cecelia Weir. A Fool Or Not - Poem by Cecelia Weir. You can be in one sort. And feel a fool. Then another sort. And feel a fool.. Yet another sort. And be made a fool. Then another sort. And play a fool.. When is a fool. Really a fool?. Call no man a fool.. Read this poem in other languages. This poem has not been translated into any other language yet.. I would like to translate this poem ». Poem Submitted: Tuesday, February 21, 2006. Cecelia world would be a better place if everyone followed this piece of advice. (Report) Reply. thought-provoking. If you have time please read and rate one of the ones i wrote, im new and so id like to have a more accurate rate.. Thankyou (Report) Reply

textbook:
Lesson: Types of Fools

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the different types of fools and when they are considered as such. We will also explore the concept of being a fool and how it relates to our actions and decisions.

Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

- A fool is someone who acts or behaves in a way that is considered foolish or stupid.
- There are different types of fools, including those who are naive, gullible, or easily deceived.
- Being a fool can also refer to making foolish decisions or mistakes.

Section 2: Questions and Answers

Q: What is the difference between being a fool and being wise?
A: Being a fool means acting or behaving in a way that is considered foolish or stupid, while being wise means having good judgment and making sound decisions.

Q: Can anyone become wise?
A: Yes, anyone can become wise by learning from their mistakes and experiences, and by making good decisions.

Section 3: Practical Examples

- Example 1: A person who believes everything they see on social media without verifying the information is a gullible fool.
- Example 2: A person who invests all their money in a risky venture without doing proper research is a foolish decision-maker.
- Example 3: A person who is easily manipulated by others is a naive fool.

Section 4: Real-World Scenarios

- Scenario 1: A person who falls for a scam artist's trick is a foolish victim.
- Scenario 2: A person who continues to make the same mistakes over and over again is a foolish learner.
- Scenario 3: A person who believes in conspiracy theories without evidence is a gullible fool.

Glossary:
- Fool: Someone who acts or behaves in a way that is considered foolish or stupid.
- Naive: Having a tendency to trust too readily, and being easily deceived or manipulated.
- Gullible: Easily persuaded or misled, especially by someone's lies or tricks.

Conclusion:
Being a fool can refer to different types of behavior and decision-making. By understanding the different types of fools and their characteristics, we can avoid making foolish mistakes and improve our decision-making skills. Remember to always think critically and verify information before making decisions.


text: The Celtics dancers have been making the rounds over the past few weeks promoting their auditions for next season. The above photo was taken off the team website. It was dubbed "Beach Day – Alison, Caroline and Jenny get some rest before Thursday's final audition.". Here's your chance to stare at beautiful women and help out the Shamrock Foundation:. The Boston Celtics will hold the final round of auditions for the 2010-2011 Celtics Dancers on Thursday, July 15 at the House of Blues at 8:00 p.m. The 18+ event is open to the public with general admission tickets available at the House of Blues box office the night of the show for a suggested $10.00 donation to the Boston Celtics Shamrock Foundation.. Or you can stare at the photos after the jump…

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand News Articles

Introduction:
News articles are an important source of information that helps us stay informed about current events and issues. However, reading news articles can be challenging, especially if you don't know how to read them effectively. In this lesson, we will teach you how to read and understand news articles by breaking down the process into three sections: Reading Comprehension, Critical Thinking, and Applying Skills.

Section 1: Reading Comprehension
The first step in reading news articles is to develop strong reading comprehension skills. This involves being able to read quickly and accurately, identifying the main ideas and details, and understanding the author's tone and perspective. Here are some tips for improving your reading comprehension:

1. Skim the article quickly before reading it thoroughly. This will give you an overview of the story and help you identify the most important information.
2. Look for headings, bolded text, and other visual cues that indicate important information.
3. Use context clues to help you understand unfamiliar words or phrases.
4. Take notes as you read to help you remember important details and ideas.
5. Re-read difficult passages or sections that confuse you.

Questions:
1. What are some strategies for improving reading comprehension when reading news articles?
2. How can you use context clues to help you understand unfamiliar words or phrases?
3. Why is it important to take notes while reading news articles?

Section 2: Critical Thinking
Once you have developed strong reading comprehension skills, the next step is to engage in critical thinking. This involves analyzing the information you have read, evaluating its credibility, and forming your own opinions. Here are some tips for engaging in critical thinking:

1. Ask questions about the information you have read. What is the evidence supporting the claims made in the article? Are there any conflicting opinions or perspectives?
2. Evaluate the credibility of the source. Is the author reliable? Is the publication reputable?
3. Consider the context in which the information was produced. What may have influenced the author's perspective or the way the information was presented?
4. Think critically about the information you have read. Do you agree with the conclusions drawn? Are there any gaps in the argument or evidence?

Questions:
1. What are some ways to engage in critical thinking when reading news articles?
2. How can you evaluate the credibility of the source?
3. Why is it important to consider the context in which the information was produced?

Section 3: Applying Skills
Finally, once you have developed strong reading comprehension and critical thinking skills, you can apply these skills to real-world scenarios. This involves using the information you have learned to make informed decisions and contribute to discussions on current events. Here are some tips for applying your skills:

1. Use the information you have learned to form your own opinions on current events.
2. Participate in discussions with others about the issues presented in the article.
3. Share the information you have learned with others, either through social media or in person.
4. Use the information to stay informed about current events and issues.

Questions:
1. How can you apply the skills you have learned to real-world scenarios?
2. What are some ways to participate in discussions about current events?
3. Why is it important to share information with others?

Conclusion:
By following these tips and practicing your reading comprehension, critical thinking, and application skills, you will be well on your way to becoming an informed and engaged news reader. Remember to always question the information you read, evaluate its credibility, and use it to contribute to discussions and decision-making processes.

Glossary:
- Reading Comprehension: The ability to read quickly and accurately, identify the main ideas and details, and understand the author's tone and perspective.
- Critical Thinking: Analyzing information, evaluating its credibility, and forming your own opinions.
- Context: The circumstances that form the environment within which an event takes place.
- Credibility: The quality of being trustworthy, reliable, or believable.
- Source: The person, organization, or thing from which information is obtained.
- Evidence: The available body of facts or information indicating whether something is true or valid.


text: Smarter!!. 九洲bet82North provides a CUSTOM secure site for your supporters to donate to your organization, sign up for membership or register for an event with your merchant account. In short, 82North Registration and Donation is a service to allow you to be as flexible as you can in offering online capability in a matter of days at a cost effective price.. 九洲betFor membership or donations, your supporter clicks on a "donate here" button on your site and is sent to ours. Your supporter fills out the donation form with the information you want to collect. Your supporter then uses state-of-the-art secure credit card processing, keeping their credit card and their personal information private. After this, your supporter can then be sent back to your site!. For 82North Optimum clients, YOUR money is deposited directly into your DDA/checking account. Clean, Simple, Secure.. 82North Events accept all major cards:.

textbook:
Lesson: Online Payment Systems

Introduction:
Online payment systems have become an integral part of our lives. They make it easier for us to make payments, donate to charities, and register for events without physically being there. In this lesson, we will learn about online payment systems, their benefits, and how they work.

Section 1: What are Online Payment Systems?
An online payment system is a method of transferring funds through the internet. It allows individuals and businesses to make payments, donate to charities, and register for events without physically being there.

Benefits of Online Payment Systems:
- Convenience: You can make payments from anywhere at any time.
- Security: Online payment systems use encryption and other security measures to protect your information.
- Speed: Payments can be made quickly and easily.

How Online Payment Systems Work:
Online payment systems work by connecting buyers and sellers through a payment gateway. The payment gateway is a third-party service that authorizes credit card or bank account transactions. When a buyer makes a purchase, the payment gateway verifies the transaction and sends the money to the seller's account.

Section 2: Types of Online Payment Systems
There are several types of online payment systems, including:

1. Credit Cards: Credit cards are a type of unsecured debt. They allow you to borrow money up to a certain limit to make purchases.

2. Debit Cards: Debit cards are linked to a checking account. They allow you to spend money by withdrawing it from your account.

3. PayPal: PayPal is an online payment system that allows individuals and businesses to send and receive money electronically.

4. Venmo: Venmo is a mobile payment app that allows users to send and receive money from friends and family.

Section 3: Examples of Online Payment Systems
Here are some examples of online payment systems:

1. Amazon Pay: Amazon Pay is an online payment system that allows users to make purchases on Amazon.com.

2. PayPal: PayPal is an online payment system that allows individuals and businesses to send and receive money electronically.

3. Stripe: Stripe is an online payment system that allows businesses to accept credit card payments.

4. Square: Square is a mobile payment system that allows individuals and businesses to accept credit card payments using a smartphone or tablet.

Section 4: Conclusion
In conclusion, online payment systems are a convenient and secure way to make payments, donate to charities, and register for events. They work by connecting buyers and sellers through a payment gateway, which authorizes credit card or bank account transactions. There are several types of online payment systems, including credit cards, debit cards, PayPal, and Venmo. Examples of online payment systems include Amazon Pay, PayPal, Stripe, and Square.


text: Let's Talk Business. When you think about it, you’re running your own business. Helping clients buy and sell property is only part of the job. Successful agents know you also need marketing to find new customers, technology to manage your deals, and support to pull it all together. At REILLY, REALTORS®, we make it our business to grow your business. We deliver innovative marketing, technology and support solutions to top agents - at a fraction of the cost of most brokerages.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Entrepreneurship

## Section 1: What is Entrepreneurship?
Entrepreneurship is the process of creating, managing, and expanding a business venture. It involves identifying a need in the market, developing a product or service to meet that need, and bringing it to the market for profit. Entrepreneurs are individuals who take on the risk of starting a business, often with limited resources, and are willing to take bold steps to achieve their goals.

## Section 2: Why is Entrepreneurship Important?
Entrepreneurship is important because it drives innovation, creates jobs, and stimulates economic growth. Entrepreneurs create new products and services that meet the changing needs of society, which leads to progress and development. They also provide employment opportunities for people, contributing to the growth of the economy.

## Section 3: How does Entrepreneurship Work?
Entrepreneurship involves several steps, including idea generation, feasibility study, business plan development, financing, marketing, production, and sales. An entrepreneur must identify a viable business opportunity, conduct research to determine if it is feasible, develop a plan outlining the steps to success, secure funding, and implement the plan. Throughout this process, the entrepreneur must continuously monitor and adapt to changes in the market to ensure the business remains competitive.

## Conclusion:
Entrepreneurship is a vital component of a healthy economy. By taking risks and pursuing their dreams, entrepreneurs drive innovation and create new opportunities for growth. Whether you aspire to start your own business or work for a company, understanding the principles of entrepreneurship can help you become a more effective and successful professional.

Glossary:
- Entrepreneurship: The process of creating, managing, and expanding a business venture.
- Entrepreneur: An individual who takes on the risk of starting a business, often with limited resources, and is willing to take bold steps to achieve their goals.
- Innovation: The introduction of something new or improved that adds value.
- Feasibility Study: A preliminary investigation to determine the practicality of a project or idea.
- Business Plan: A document outlining the goals, strategies, and financial projections of a business.
- Financing: The act of providing funds or capital for a business.
- Marketing: The activity and process of creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.
- Production: The process of converting raw materials into finished goods.
- Sales: The exchange of a product or service for money.


text: . Cabello, Sosnowski appointed to illegal gun trafficking panel. State Rep. John Cabello. Online Staff Report. Two area lawmakers have been selected for a new panel addressing illegal gun trafficking in Illinois.. State Reps. John Cabello, R-Machesney Park, and Joe Sosnowski, R-Rockford, were appointed by House Republican Leader Jim Durkin, R-Western Springs, to serve on the new bipartisan task force charged with developing a comprehensive plan, including legislative proposals, to disrupt the flow of illegal guns into the state.. .”. State Rep. Joe Sosnowski. Sosnowski said: “I appreciate being appointed to this important task force and look forward to working with other members of the General Assembly and law enforcement officials as we explore opportunities to make Illinois communities safer and put a stop to illegal gun trafficking.”v. 1. The Illinois State Police will provide administrative and other support to the Task Force during the course of its hearings.. Related Posts

textbook:
# Lesson: How to Read and Understand News Articles

### Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand news articles. We will start by understanding the structure of a news article and then move on to learn how to identify the main idea, supporting details, and other important elements. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to read and comprehend news articles with ease.

### Section 2: Understanding the Structure of a News Article
A news article typically follows a specific structure that includes several key elements. These elements are:

1. Headline: This is the title of the article and it summarizes the main idea of the story.
2. Byline: This is the name of the author or journalist who wrote the article.
3. Lead: This is the first paragraph of the article, which introduces the story and provides the most important information.
4. Body: This is where the bulk of the story is told, including any additional details, quotes, or explanations.
5. Conclusion: This is the last paragraph of the article, which may provide a summary or conclusion.

### Section 3: Identifying the Main Idea and Supporting Details
Once you have identified the structure of a news article, you can begin to read and comprehend the content. Start by identifying the main idea, which is usually found in the lead paragraph. Then, read the rest of the article to find supporting details that help explain and expand upon the main idea.

### Section 4: Other Important Elements
As you read news articles, there are several other important elements to look for:

1. Quotes: These are statements from people involved in the story, which provide additional insight or perspective.
2. Facts and Statistics: These are important pieces of information that help support the main idea or provide additional context.
3. Graphics: These may include images, charts, or graphs that help illustrate the story or provide visual aids.
4. Opinions: These are the author's personal thoughts or beliefs about the topic, which may not necessarily reflect the facts or evidence presented in the article.

### Section 5: Practice Questions
1. What is the main idea of this news article?
2. How are the supporting details used to explain or expand upon the main idea?
3. Who are the people quoted in the article, and what do their quotes add to the story?
4. Are there any graphics or charts included in the article? If so, what do they show?
5. What is the author's opinion on the topic, and how is it presented in the article?

### Section 6: Glossary
- Headline: The title of the news article
- Byline: The name of the author
- Lead: The first paragraph of the article
- Body: The bulk of the story, including additional details, quotes, or explanations
- Conclusion: The last paragraph of the article, which may provide a summary or conclusion
- Quotes: Statements from people involved in the story
- Facts and Statistics: Important pieces of information that help support the main idea or provide additional context
- Graphics: Images, charts, or graphs that help illustrate the story or provide visual aids
- Opinions: The author's personal thoughts or beliefs about the topic, which may not necessarily reflect the facts or evidence presented in the article

### Conclusion
By following the structure of a news article, identifying the main idea and supporting details, and understanding other important elements, you can read and comprehend news articles with ease. With practice, you will be able to apply these skills to a variety of scenarios and become a more informed reader.


text: Latest News. Gillian Jacobs of Community 'Did A Voice' For Venture Bros.. Since we're in the off-season any news is good news (for the most part), so you Community fans may be pleased to know that Gillian Jacobs, who plays Britta Perry on the show announced via her IAMA on Reddit that she recently recorded a voice for Venture Bros. Of course we don't know anything else really, but there will be a new female character on the show for at least one episode, probably.. - Spread the word:. - StumbleUpon. - by Carter Dotson. - (unregistered id: 61F3AF913B). Trying to vote on a comment, eh? You need an account to do that! You should totally get one! You'll get your own username and can participate in community stuff. It's awesome! Already have an account? Log in above!

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Voice Acting

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Voice acting is a form of acting where a performer uses their voice and speech to bring characters to life in various media such as movies, video games, and animated shows. It requires skill in vocal imitation, characterization, and interpretation of a script.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
A practical example of voice acting can be seen in the popular animated series, The Simpsons. Each character has a unique voice that helps to establish their personality and differentiate them from one another. For instance, Homer Simpson's voice is deep and gruff, while Bart Simpson's voice is high-pitched and nasal.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
In the world of video games, voice acting is essential in creating believable characters that players can connect with emotionally. In The Last of Us, the protagonist, Joel, is brought to life through the voice of Troy Baker, who captures the character's pain and determination.

## Glossary
- Voice acting: A form of acting where a performer uses their voice and speech to bring characters to life in various media.
- Characterization: The process of creating a unique identity for a character in a story or performance.
- Interpretation: The act of understanding and explaining the meaning of a script.
- Personality: The unique set of traits that define a character's behavior and emotions.
- Believable: Convincing and realistic enough to be accepted as true or accurate.

## Conclusion
Voice acting is an essential aspect of media that brings characters to life and helps to establish a story's atmosphere. By studying the techniques used by professionals, aspiring voice actors can develop their skills and create memorable performances that captivate audiences.


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Rick Santorum Values Voter Summit speech transcript (full text)

Our basic value structure and principles applied here in this country, and copied in other places around the world, less perfectly than here, but still copied, took life expectancy from 40, 35, to 80; took us to an industrial revolution, a technology revolution.

I don’t even know what kind of revolution we’re in right now. We seem to be creating dynamism in the marketplace like it’s never been seen. Why? Freedom. Freedom, not government dictates, not planners who are going to invest in solar energy companies and tell us what our future is going to be by some bureaucrat making those decisions. No. No, we’re going to trust you.

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That’s why the media doesn’t go along with us. You have to understand that. They don’t like conservatism. They like the other side, not necessarily, I would argue, because they necessarily agree with them. It’s because they can influence the country more. You see, if just a few people make decisions about what this world looks like and what this country looks like, well, then you can have people sitting in offices in the major media outlets and in Hollywood who can – they can deal with a small group of people and influencing them, getting them to jump through the hoops they want to. It’s much harder if all of you collectively build America. It’s much harder to influence you.

We will never have the media on our side, ever, in this country. We will never have the elite smart people on our side, because they believe they should have the power to tell you what to do. So our colleges and universities, they’re not going to be on our side. The conservative movement will always be – and that’s why we founded Patriot Voices – the basic premise of America and American values will always be sustained through two institutions, the church and the family. (Applause.)

And so economic conservatism - libertarian types can say, oh, well, we don’t want to talk about the social issues. Without the church and the family, there is no conservative movement. There is no basic values in America in force, and there is no future for our country. (Applause.)

So it is our job in this election, it is our job, to go out and make a difference. It is our job to go out and talk to fellow believers. And I don’t mean Christians. I mean fellow believers in the American creed, fellow believers in those basic principles that built our country.

Go out and preach to them the American ethic. Preach to them what made us great. And remind them that that greatness does not lie in Washington, D.C. or in the hands of a president. It lies in each and every one of us and in our families.

I’m excited, because I think we have a nominee who understands that. I read – I didn’t see it, but I read the transcript of what Governor Romney said here. I could have given that speech. I feel good. I feel good. (Laughter, applause.) We have to do our part.

So I encourage each and every one of you to leave here energized. It is our watch. At the end of the Declaration of Independence, we all know those words. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are – excuse me. We know these words, that we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortune and our sacred honor.

I have a video coming out we’re launching on Monday called “Our Sacred Honor” that talks about our founding principles, that talks about who we are as a country, our Declaration, our Constitution – an educational tool, and hopefully an inspiration for others. We need to mutually pledge to each other. Look at the person on either side of you. Pledge to them that over the next month and a half, in our watch in America, that we will do what God has called us to do. (Applause.)

This is the most important election you will ever be involved in. I know a lot of people are anxious. A lot of people are concerned about the future of this country. I feel blessed. I feel blessed to be here at a time when our country needs us. And so please go out. Do everything you can for Governor Romney, for Paul Ryan, for your senators, for your congressmen, and you will win a great victory for freedom and for our great country.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Freedom in Economic Growth

Introduction:
Freedom is an essential component of economic growth and development. In this lesson, we will explore the relationship between freedom and economic growth, examine the benefits of a free market economy, and discuss the role of government in promoting economic growth.

Section 1: Understanding the Relationship Between Freedom and Economic Growth

Topic 1: What is freedom?
Freedom refers to the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without obstruction, hindrance, or restraint. In economic terms, freedom means allowing individuals and businesses to make their own decisions without government interference.

Topic 2: How does freedom relate to economic growth?
Economic growth is the increase in the output of goods and services produced by an economy over time. Freedom plays a crucial role in promoting economic growth by enabling individuals and businesses to innovate, create, and compete. A free market economy allows for the efficient allocation of resources, leading to increased productivity and economic growth.

Section 2: Benefits of a Free Market Economy

Topic 1: Competition
A free market economy encourages competition, which drives businesses to provide better products and services at lower costs. This benefits consumers by providing more choices and lower prices.

Topic 2: Innovation
In a free market, businesses are constantly searching for ways to improve their products and services to stay competitive. This leads to technological advancements and innovations that drive economic growth.

Topic 3: Entrepreneurship
A free market economy encourages entrepreneurs to take risks and start new businesses. These entrepreneurs create jobs, drive innovation, and contribute to economic growth.

Section 3: The Role of Government in Promoting Economic Growth

Topic 1: Protecting Property Rights
Property rights are essential for a free market economy. Governments must protect individuals' and businesses' property rights to ensure that they have a secure environment to invest and create wealth.

Topic 2: Providing Public Goods
Governments may provide public goods such as infrastructure, education, and healthcare to promote economic growth. However, these services should be provided efficiently and without favoring certain individuals or businesses.

Conclusion:
Freedom is a key factor in promoting economic growth. A free market economy encourages competition, innovation, and entrepreneurship, leading to increased productivity and economic growth. Governments must protect property rights and provide public goods efficiently to support a free market economy. By understanding the relationship between freedom and economic growth, we can make informed decisions about economic policies that promote prosperity for all.

Glossary:
- Free market economy: An economic system where supply and demand are the primary drivers of prices and production, with little government intervention or regulation.
- Entrepreneurship: The process of creating a new business, typically in response to an identified need or demand.
- Property rights: Legal rights that confer ownership, use, and disposal of resources or property.

[Note: This lesson is intended for primary through high school students. The content and level of difficulty can be adjusted based on the target audience.]