text:
Energy experts say drilling can be made cleaner

Source :

Last Updated: Tue, Dec 11, 2012 02:00 hrs

In the Colorado mountains, a spike in air pollution has been linked to a boom in oil and gas drilling. About 800 miles away on the plains of north Texas, there's a drilling boom, too, but some air pollution levels have declined. Opponents of drilling point to Colorado and say it's dangerous. Companies point to Texas and say drilling is safe.

The answer appears to be that drilling can be safe or it can be dangerous. Industry practices, enforcement, geography and even snow cover can minimize or magnify air pollution problems.

"It's like a vehicle. Some cars drip oil," said Russell Schnell, deputy director of the federal Earth System Research Laboratory in Boulder, Colo. "You have wells that are absolutely tight. And you have other places where a valve gives out, and you have huge leaks."

The good news, nearly all sides agree, is that the technology exists to control methane gas leaks and other air pollution associated with drilling. The bad news is that the industry is booming so rapidly that some companies and some regulators can't seem to get ahead of the problems, which could ultimately cost billions of dollars to remedy.

The worries about what drilling does to the air are both global and local, with scientists concerned about the effects on climate change as well as the possible health consequences from breathing smog, soot and other pollutants.

Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, has made it possible to tap into deep reserves of oil and gas but has also raised concerns about pollution. The industry and many federal and state officials say the practice is safe when done properly, but environmental groups and some scientists say there hasn't been enough research.

Some environmentalists say if leaks and pollution can be minimized, the boom has benefits, since gas burns much cleaner than coal, emitting half the carbon dioxide.

Al Gore told The Associated Press that it's "not irresponsible" to look at gas as a short-term substitute for coal-fired electricity. But Gore added that the main component of gas, methane, is a more potent heat-trapping greenhouse gas than CO2. That means that if large quantities leak, the advantage over coal disappears, the former vice president said.

In Colorado, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration estimated that 4 percent of methane was leaking from wells, far more than previously estimated, and that people who live near production areas may be exposed to worrisome levels of benzene and other toxic compounds present in oil and gas.

Across the industry, the technology for stopping leaks can be as simple as fixing seals and gaskets, or it can involve hundreds of millions of dollars of new construction.

"I think it's totally fixable," Schnell said. "At least the bigger companies, they are really on top of this."

Gore added that when companies capture leaking methane, they end up with more to sell. "So there's an economic incentive to capture it and stop the leaking," he said.

Another major source of worry is the industry's practice of burning off, or flaring, natural gas that comes out of the ground as a byproduct of oil drilling. Over the past five years, the U.S. has increased the amount of flared and wasted gas more than any other nation, though Russia still burns off far more than any other country.

In some places, energy companies haven't invested in the infrastructure needed to capture and process the gas because the oil is more valuable.

In the Bakken Shale oil fields of North Dakota, for example, about 30 percent of the natural gas is flared off because there aren't enough pipelines yet to carry it away. The amount of gas wasted in the state is estimated at up to $100 million a year. And officials in North Dakota said last month that the situation there might not be completely solved until the end of the decade.

NOAA scientists also say natural gas production has contributed to unusual wintertime smog in the West, particularly in regions surrounded by mountains, and especially in snowy areas.

Ozone, the main component in smog, typically forms when sunlight "cooks" a low-lying stew of chemicals such as benzene and engine exhaust. Normally, the process doesn't happen in cold weather.

But NOAA researchers found that when there's heavy snowfall, the sun passes through the stew, then bounces off the snow and heats it again on the way back up. In some cases, smog in remote areas has spiked to levels higher than those in New York or Los Angeles.

In open regions that are more exposed to wind, the ozone vanishes, sometimes within hours or a day. But in Utah basins it can linger for weeks, Schnell said.

Evidence that gas drilling air pollution can be managed — but that more work may still need to be done — comes from north Texas, where the shale gas boom began around Fort Worth about 10 years ago.

Mike Honeycutt, director of toxicology for the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, said that in the early years of the boom, people complained about excessive pollution. Regulators started using special hand-held cameras to pinpoint pollution sources and found some sites with high levels of benzene and other volatile organic compounds.

"It was a maintenance issue. They were in such a hurry, and they were drilling so fast, they were not being as vigilant as they should have been," Honeycutt said. "So we passed new rules that made them take more notice."

Honeycutt said the cameras, which cost about $100,000 each, have revolutionized the way inspectors monitor sites. Texas has also installed nine 24-hour air monitoring stations in the drilling region around Fort Worth, and more are on the way. Now, he said, even as drilling has increased, summer ozone levels have declined.

In 1997 there were only a few hundred shale gas wells in the Fort Worth area and the summertime ozone level hit 104 parts per billion, far above the national standard then of 85. By 2012 the number of wells had risen to about 16,000, but preliminary results show the ozone level was 87 last summer.

There's still room for improvement, Honeycutt said, but the trend is clear, since the monitoring is no longer showing worrisome levels of benzene, either.

The Environmental Protection Agency isn't completely convinced. This year the federal agency cited Wise County in north Texas, a heavy gas drilling area, for violating ozone standards. Industry groups and the state have argued that the finding was based on faulty science.

So far, NOAA scientists say they haven't found signs that gas or oil drilling is contributing to a global rise in methane.

"Not the mid-latitudes where the drilling is being done, which is interesting," said James Butler, head of global monitoring for NOAA.

The EPA has passed new rules on oil and gas emissions that are scheduled to go into effect in 2015, and in 2012 it reached legal settlements that will require companies to spend more than $14 million on pollution controls in Utah and Wyoming. Colorado, Texas and other states have passed more stringent rules, too.

Carlton Carroll, a spokesman for the American Petroleum Institute, a lobbying group for the oil and gas industry, pointed out that many companies started developing the equipment to limit methane and other pollution before the EPA rule.

"API is not opposed to controls on oil and gas operations so long as the controls are cost-effective, allow sufficient lead time and can be implemented safely," Carroll said in an email, adding that the industry has requested some technical clarifications to the rule and is working with EPA on those.

Prasad Kasibhatla, a professor of environmental chemistry at Duke University, said that controlling gas drilling pollution is "technically solvable" but requires close attention by regulators.

textbook:
Lesson: How to make drilling cleaner

Introduction:
Drilling is an important process in the extraction of natural resources such as oil and gas. However, it can also cause air pollution, which affects the environment and human health. In this lesson, we will learn about the ways to make drilling cleaner and safer.

Section 1: Understanding the Problem

Drilling involves the use of heavy machinery and chemicals, which can lead to air pollution. This pollution can come from several sources, including:

1. Methane gas leaks: Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change.
2. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): These are toxic chemicals that can cause respiratory problems and other health issues.
3. Particulate matter: This is a mixture of tiny particles that can be carried by the wind and enter people's lungs.

Section 2: Solutions to Make Drilling Cleaner

There are several ways to reduce the environmental impact of drilling:

1. Use better technology: Companies can invest in technology that reduces emissions, such as closed-loop systems that capture and reuse drilling fluids.
2. Improve regulation: Governments can strengthen regulations to ensure that companies follow best practices for reducing emissions.
3. Monitor and enforce: Regulators can monitor drilling sites and enforce rules to prevent pollution.
4. Use less water: Drilling requires a lot of water, which can lead to the release of chemicals into nearby water sources. Companies can use less water by recycling it or using alternative methods.
5. Reduce truck traffic: Trucks transporting drilling equipment and materials can contribute to air pollution. Companies can use pipelines or other methods to reduce the number of trucks on the road.

Section 3: Practical Examples

Let's look at a real-world example of how drilling can be made cleaner. In Texas, the Barnett Shale region has experienced a boom in natural gas production. Companies have worked to reduce emissions by:

1. Using advanced drilling techniques that minimize the need for water.
2. Installing equipment to capture and reduce emissions from compressors and other equipment.
3. Working with local governments to monitor air quality and enforce rules.

Conclusion

Drilling can be a necessary part of our economy, but it's important to make sure it's done safely and cleanly. By investing in better technology, improving regulation, and monitoring emissions, we can ensure that drilling doesn't harm the environment or public health.

Glossary:
- Drilling: The process of creating holes in the ground to extract natural resources such as oil and gas.
- Greenhouse gas: A gas that traps heat in the atmosphere and contributes to climate change.
- Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): Toxic chemicals that can cause respiratory problems and other health issues.
- Particulate matter: A mixture of tiny particles that can be carried by the wind and enter people's lungs.
- Emissions: The release of pollutants into the air.


text: The 2019 Ohio Randonneur flèche took place May 4-5. Two teams rode, one each from Indiana and Detroit. The Indiana team, Sagamores of the Wabash, had six riders (one couple on a tandem); they rode 361 km and faced crosswinds and around 12 hours of rain. The Detroit team, Rando Punks 2019, counted only three raindrops. As happens in events like the flèche, the Detroit team also enjoyed a consistent tailwind. One rider abandoned at the first control after entering Ohio, leaving four riders to finish. One Detroit rider drove over from Cleveland to the start. He maintained the history of having at least token representation in the Ohio flèche by a rider from Ohio.. The 2020 event is tentatively planned for the first weekend in May, the 2nd and 3rd. Put it on your long-range calendar.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Reading Comprehension

Introduction:
Reading comprehension is the ability to understand and interpret written information. It is an essential skill that helps us make sense of what we read and use the information to answer questions, make decisions, or solve problems. In this lesson, we will learn how to read actively, identify key ideas, and summarize information to improve our reading comprehension skills.

Section 1: Active Reading
Active reading is the process of engaging with the text and actively constructing meaning as you read. Here are some strategies to help you become an active reader:

1. Preview the text: Before you start reading, take a moment to look at the headings, subheadings, and images to get an idea of what the text is about.

2. Read with a purpose: Identify the main idea of the text and ask yourself questions like "What am I trying to learn?" or "What information do I need to find?"

3. Use context clues: Pay attention to the words around a difficult word or phrase to understand its meaning.

4. Visualize: Create mental images of the scenes, people, or objects described in the text to help you understand and remember the information.

Section 2: Key Ideas
Key ideas are the most important points or concepts in a text. To identify them, look for:

1. Headings and subheadings: These are usually placed at the beginning of a section to give an overview of the content.

2. Bolded or italicized words: These often indicate important terms or concepts that are defined later in the text.

3. Quotes or examples: These are often used to illustrate a key point or idea.

4. Conclusions or summaries: These provide a summary of the main points or ideas presented in the text.

Section 3: Summarizing Information
Summarizing is the process of condensing information into a shorter form while retaining the most important points. To summarize information, follow these steps:

1. Read the text carefully and identify the main ideas and supporting details.

2. Use your own words to rewrite the information in a concise and accurate way.

3. Be sure to include the most important points and leave out any unnecessary details.

4. Review your summary to make sure it accurately reflects the information in the text.

Conclusion:
By following these strategies, you can improve your reading comprehension skills and better understand the information you encounter. Remember to preview the text, read with a purpose, use context clues, visualize, and summarize the key ideas to get the most out of your reading experience.

Glossary:
- Active reading: Engaging with the text and actively constructing meaning as you read.
- Key ideas: The most important points or concepts in a text.
- Summarizing: Condensing information into a shorter form while retaining the most important points.


text:
Q:

How are long term capital gains taxes calculated?

I currently am in the 15% tax bracket for 2014 as I am a college student employed as a summer intern.
However, if I am hired as a full time employee by next year, I would move into the 25% tax bracket. If I bought stocks now and sold my holdings two years from now, would my long term capital gains tax be calculated based on when I bought the stock (15%), or when I sold the stock in 2016 (25%)?
Obviously, I'm hoping its 15% so I won't have to pay any taxes on my capital gains!

A:

You pay taxes on capital gains when you realize your gains by selling the investment property.  Also, in the US, taxes on capital gains are computed at special rates depending on your current income level, and so when you realize your gains two years from now, you will pay taxes on the gains at the special rate then applicable to your income level for the
year of sale. Remember also that the US Congress
can change the tax laws at any time between now and the time you sell your stocks, and
so the rates you are looking at now may have changed too.

source: minipile

textbook:
# Lesson: Long Term Capital Gains Tax

## Introduction

Long term capital gains tax is a tax levied on profits made from the sale of an asset held for more than one year. This type of tax is common in many countries worldwide, including the United States. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of long term capital gains tax, including how it is calculated and when it applies.

## Section 1: What is Long Term Capital Gains Tax?

Long term capital gains tax is a tax levied on profits made from the sale of an asset held for more than one year. In the United States, long term capital gains tax rates vary depending on your income level. For example, as of 2021, individuals earning less than $40,400 per year pay 0% in long term capital gains tax, while those earning more than $446,425 per year pay 20%.

## Section 2: How is Long Term Capital Gains Tax Calculated?

Long term capital gains tax is calculated by subtracting the original purchase price of the asset from the selling price and then multiplying the result by the applicable tax rate. For example, if you purchased a stock for $10,000 and sold it for $20,000 two years later, your long term capital gain would be $10,000 ($20,000 - $10,000). If you fall into the 15% tax bracket, you would owe 15% of $10,000, or $1,500 in taxes.

## Section 3: When Does Long Term Capital Gains Tax Apply?

Long term capital gains tax applies when you sell an asset that you have held for more than one year. This can include stocks, bonds, real estate, and other investments. The tax only applies to the gains you make, or the difference between the selling price and the original purchase price. For example, if you bought a stock for $10,000 and sold it for $11,000 two years later, you would owe taxes on the $1,000 gain.

## Conclusion

In summary, long term capital gains tax is a tax levied on profits made from the sale of an asset held for more than one year. The tax rate varies depending on your income level, and the tax is calculated by subtracting the original purchase price from the selling price and multiplying the result by the applicable tax rate. Long term capital gains tax applies when you sell an asset that you have held for more than one year, and only applies to the gains you make. By understanding these basic concepts, you can make informed decisions about when and how to sell investments to minimize your tax liability.


text:
MIAA honors Hope College women's lacrosse player Maddie Ferguson

Maddie Ferguson of the Hope College women’s lacrosse team has been selected the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association Offensive Player of the Week.

By Staff reports

Holland Sentinel

By Staff reports

Posted Mar. 19, 2013 at 12:01 AM
Updated Mar 19, 2013 at 7:20 PM

By Staff reports

Posted Mar. 19, 2013 at 12:01 AM
Updated Mar 19, 2013 at 7:20 PM

Holland

Maddie Ferguson of the Hope College women’s lacrosse team has been selected the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association Offensive Player of the Week.

The senior midfielder from Seattle scored five goals on seven shots last week and also scooped up five ground balls in the Flying Dutch’s 10-9 loss to Calvin College in the first varsity women’s lacrosse meeting between the two schools.

Ferguson is being honored as Player of the Week for the first time this season.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Become an Exceptional Lacrosse Player

Introduction:
Lacrosse is a fast-paced, exciting sport that requires skill, strategy, and athleticism. In this lesson, we will explore the core values of becoming an exceptional lacrosse player. We will cover topics such as developing essential skills, understanding game strategies, and practicing consistently. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in how to become an outstanding lacrosse player.

Section 1: Developing Essential Skills

Topic 1: Mastering Basic Techniques
- Learn the fundamentals of lacrosse, including proper grip, stance, and stick work.
- Practice these techniques regularly to improve your overall game.
- Video demonstrations can help visual learners understand the proper technique.

Topic 2: Building Stamina and Endurance
- Lacrosse is a physically demanding sport that requires a high level of fitness.
- Engage in cardio exercises such as running, swimming, or cycling to build stamina and endurance.
- Incorporate strength training into your routine to build muscle and prevent injury.

Topic 3: Enhancing Hand-Eye Coordination
- Hand-eye coordination is crucial for catching, passing, and shooting the ball.
- Practice drills that require you to catch and throw the ball simultaneously.
- Play games like tennis or racquetball to improve hand-eye coordination.

Section 2: Understanding Game Strategies

Topic 1: Learning the Rules and Positions
- Familiarize yourself with the rules of lacrosse and the different positions on the field.
- Knowing the rules and positions will help you understand the game better and make strategic decisions.
- Watch professional lacrosse games to see how the game is played at a high level.

Topic 2: Reading the Game
- Develop the ability to read the game and anticipate what your opponents will do.
- Observe their body language and movements to predict their next move.
- This skill will help you make smart decisions and stay one step ahead of your opponents.

Topic 3: Understanding Offensive and Defensive Strategies
- Learn the basic offensive and defensive strategies used in lacrosse.
- Knowing these strategies will help you make the right decisions during the game.
- Practice these strategies in scrimmages and games to become more comfortable with them.

Section 3: Practicing Consistently

Topic 1: Establishing a Training Routine
- Create a consistent training routine that includes practice, strength training, and cardio exercises.
- Stick to this routine to see progress and improvement over time.
- Make sure to rest and recover properly to avoid injury and burnout.

Topic 2: Seeking Feedback from Coaches and Teammates
- Ask for feedback from coaches and teammates after practices and games.
- Use this feedback to improve your skills and performance.
- Be open to constructive criticism and use it to become a better player.

Topic 3: Setting Goals and Evaluating Progress
- Set short-term and long-term goals for your lacrosse career.
- Evaluate your progress regularly and adjust your training routine accordingly.
- Celebrate your achievements and stay motivated to reach your ultimate goal.

Conclusion:
Becoming an exceptional lacrosse player requires dedication, hard work, and a willingness to learn. By mastering essential skills, understanding game strategies, and practicing consistently, you can become a top-performing lacrosse player. Remember to stay focused, seek feedback, and celebrate your achievements along the way. With these core values in mind, you can reach your full potential and excel in the sport of lacrosse.


text:
MSI AfterBurner Overclock Application Discussion forum This forum is intended for MSI customers for questions on the AfterBurner Overclock Utility based off Rivatuner. In this section the users help each other out with answers as well as support staff from MSI.

Hi, I'm having issues with Afterburner ever since I started using an RGB cable and an RGB/VGA adapter. Basically it creates weird flickering to the screen whether it be during browsing or gaming, from what I can gather the problem does not exist without afterburner and simply overclocking in CCC. The problem is non existent with HDMI cable as well. Can someone please shed some light on this problem, I appreciate it.

EDIT: Problem solved, it was due to the overlay option in afterburner. Vector 2d solved the issue as opposed to 3d for the specific programs.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Overclocking

Overclocking is the process of increasing the clock rate of a computer component, such as the CPU or GPU, to increase performance. It is a popular technique used by computer enthusiasts to improve the speed and efficiency of their systems. However, overclocking requires careful consideration and planning to avoid damaging the hardware or causing instability.

In this lesson, we will explore the basics of overclocking and the tools available for managing it. We will also discuss the risks and benefits of overclocking and provide practical examples of how to apply this technique in real-world scenarios.

Section 1: Introduction to Overclocking

Overclocking involves increasing the clock rate of a computer component, such as the CPU or GPU, to improve performance. This technique is commonly used by computer enthusiasts to increase the speed and efficiency of their systems. However, overclocking requires careful consideration and planning to avoid damaging the hardware or causing instability.

Section 2: Tools for Overclocking

There are several tools available for overclocking, including software applications and hardware components. Some popular software applications include Afterburner, EVGA Precision X1, and MSI Afterburner. These applications allow users to adjust the clock rate of their components, monitor system temperatures, and customize settings for optimal performance.

Hardware components, such as cooling systems and power supplies, are also essential for overclocking. Proper cooling is necessary to prevent the hardware from overheating, while a powerful power supply ensures that the system has enough energy to function at higher speeds.

Section 3: Risks and Benefits of Overclocking

Overclocking comes with both risks and benefits. On the one hand, overclocking can improve system performance and enable users to run demanding applications or games more smoothly. On the other hand, overclocking can cause hardware damage or instability if not done correctly.

Some potential risks of overclocking include:
- Damage to the hardware, such as burned-out components or failed motherboards
- Reduced stability, leading to crashes or freezes
- Decreased battery life in portable devices

However, if done carefully and with proper planning, overclocking can provide significant benefits, including:
- Improved performance and responsiveness
- Enhanced graphics and visuals in gaming or multimedia applications
- Increased efficiency in demanding tasks, such as video editing or 3D rendering

Section 4: Practical Examples of Overclocking

Now that we understand the basics of overclocking and the tools available, let's look at some practical examples of how to apply this technique in real-world scenarios.

Example 1: Overclocking a CPU
To overclock a CPU, users can use software applications like Afterburner or EVGA Precision X1 to adjust the clock rate and monitor system temperatures. They should also ensure that their cooling system is adequate to prevent overheating.

Example 2: Overclocking a GPU
Similarly, users can overclock their GPUs using applications like Afterburner or MSI Afterburner. They should also ensure that their power supply is powerful enough to handle the increased load and that their cooling system is adequate to prevent overheating.

Conclusion: Overclocking is a powerful technique that can significantly improve system performance. By understanding the basics of overclocking, using appropriate tools, and planning carefully, users can unlock the full potential of their hardware and enjoy smoother, faster performance in demanding applications or games.


text: Damstra advised on IPO, ASX listing. Workplace management company Damstra Holdings Limited has completed its successful initial public offering and listing on the ASX, raising approximately $50 million at $0.90 per share.. Firm: Gilbert + Tobin (Damstra), Morgan Stanley (sole lead manager of the IPO).. Deal: Damstra has been advised by G+T on its IPO and listing on the ASX, which raised approximately $50 million.. Area: Corporate advisory.. SPONSORED CONTENT. Value: $50 million.. Key players: The G+T team was led by partners Alex Kauye and Neil Pathak, who were supported by lawyers Bridget Sutton, Ciara Coleman, Sarah McArthur, Rose Burnfield and Matt Scrocca.. Deal significance: Speaking about the deal, Mr Kauye said: “We are delighted to have assisted Damstra in taking this critical step in the company’s evolution. It is great to see such strong support for a founder-led business, and to see another technology company join the ASX boards.”

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) and Stock Market Listings

Introduction:
An Initial Public Offering (IPO) is when a private company first offers its stock to the public. A stock market listing is when the shares of a company are accepted for trading on a stock exchange. In this lesson, we will learn about IPOs and stock market listings, their benefits, and the process involved.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is to understand the importance of IPOs and stock market listings and how they can benefit both the company and investors.

Section 1: What is an IPO and Stock Market Listing?

Topic 1: Definition
- An IPO is when a private company first offers its stock to the public.
- A stock market listing is when the shares of a company are accepted for trading on a stock exchange.

Topic 2: Benefits of IPOs and Stock Market Listings
- Companies can raise capital by issuing shares to the public.
- It increases the company's visibility and credibility.
- It allows existing shareholders to sell their shares to the public.
- It provides liquidity to shareholders, allowing them to easily buy and sell shares.

Section 2: Process of an IPO and Stock Market Listing

Topic 1: Preparation
- The company prepares a prospectus that contains detailed information about the company, its financial statements, and the terms of the offering.
- The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) reviews the prospectus to ensure that it contains all necessary information and is not misleading.

Topic 2: Roadshow
- The company's management team travels around the country to meet with potential investors and present the company's story and financials.
- This helps build interest in the company and its offering.

Topic 3: Pricing and Allocation
- The underwriter sets the price range for the offering.
- The company and the underwriter agree on the final price and the number of shares to be offered.
- The underwriter allocates the shares among the investors.

Topic 4: Trading Begins
- Once the shares are allocated, the company begins trading on the stock exchange.
- The stock price may fluctuate as investors buy and sell shares.

Section 3: Real-World Example

Damstra Holdings Limited, a workplace management company, recently completed its successful IPO and listing on the ASX, raising approximately $50 million at $0.90 per share.

Gilbert + Tobin (Damstra) and Morgan Stanley (sole lead manager of the IPO) were the firms involved in the deal.

Conclusion:
Understanding IPOs and stock market listings is crucial for both companies and investors. It allows companies to raise capital and increase their visibility, while investors can participate in the growth of the company by buying its shares. By studying this lesson, you will gain a deeper understanding of the process involved in an IPO and stock market listing, as well as the benefits and risks associated with them.

Glossary:
- IPO: Initial Public Offering
- Stock Market Listing: When shares of a company are accepted for trading on a stock exchange
- Prospectus: A document that contains detailed information about the company, its financial statements, and the terms of the offering
- SEC: Securities and Exchange Commission
- Underwriter: A firm that helps companies issue securities and takes the risk of the offering on itself
- Allocation: The process of assigning a specific number of shares to each investor
- Trading: Buying and selling shares of a company's stock on the stock exchange.


text: Scouts' honor. A scouts have, on the surface, a strong case, and one that is important to religious people: Groups with distinct convictions should have the right to operate in the public square. It would be a perverse irony if, in the name of pluralism, the courts were to require private groups to alter their identity—forcing, for example, the NAACP to admit a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Part of what we mean by a liberal or pluralistic society is that it enables people to form groups that are not subject to government regulation, groups that can define their own identity and set their own criteria for admitting—or excluding—members.. This article is available to subscribers only. Please subscribe for full access—subscriptions begin at $2.95. Already have an online account? Log in now. Already a print subscriber? Create an online account for no additional cost.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Pluralism and Liberal Society

## Section 1: What is Pluralism and Liberal Society?
Pluralism refers to a society that values and respects the differences between individuals and groups. In a pluralistic society, people can express their beliefs, values, and identities without fear of persecution or discrimination. A liberal society is one that values individual rights and freedoms, including freedom of speech, religion, and assembly. These values are protected by the law and are essential to maintaining a just and democratic society.

## Section 2: Why is Pluralism Important in a Liberal Society?
Pluralism is important in a liberal society because it allows for diverse perspectives and ideas to be expressed and shared. It promotes tolerance and understanding among people of different backgrounds and beliefs. In a pluralistic society, individuals can form groups based on their shared interests, values, and beliefs without fear of government interference or persecution. This allows for a vibrant and dynamic exchange of ideas that can lead to innovation, progress, and social change.

## Section 3: Examples of Pluralism in Action
Pluralism is evident in many aspects of our daily lives. For example, people of different religions can practice their faith freely in a pluralistic society. They can build places of worship, hold services, and share their beliefs with others without fear of persecution or discrimination. Similarly, people of different races, ethnicities, and cultures can celebrate their heritage and traditions without fear of being judged or marginalized. This openness and acceptance of diverse perspectives and identities are essential to creating a strong and cohesive community.

## Conclusion:
In conclusion, pluralism is an essential aspect of a liberal society. It allows for diverse perspectives and identities to be expressed and shared, leading to innovation, progress, and social change. By valuing and respecting the differences between individuals and groups, we can create a more just, democratic, and harmonious society.

Glossary:
- Pluralism: A society that values and respects the differences between individuals and groups.
- Liberal Society: A society that values individual rights and freedoms, including freedom of speech, religion, and assembly.
- Tolerance: The ability to accept and respect the differences between individuals and groups.
- Persecution: The act of treating someone unfairly or cruelly because of their beliefs, values, or identity.
- Discrimination: The act of treating someone unfairly or differently because of their race, gender, religion, or other characteristics.


text: VH1’s “Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta” jumped over a few NBA playoff games in the Live +3 ratings for the week of April 17.. The show grew by a modest 0.4 with three days of DVR playback, but since live sports tend to get very little lift from delayed viewing, that was good enough for “Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta” to move into first place with a 2.0 rating. Game 2 of the Warriors-Blazers playoff series was tops in viewers with 4.04 million.. “Better Call Saul” and “Fargo” more than doubled their total audience in three days. “Saul” also more than doubled its 18-49 rating, going from 0.5 to 1.3.. Top 25 cable shows in Live +3 adults 18-49 for April 17-23, 2017. Top 25 cable shows in Live +3 viewers for March 27-April 2, 2017. Source: The Nielsen Company

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding TV Ratings

Introduction:
TV ratings are an essential tool used to measure the popularity of television programs. They help networks and advertisers understand how many people are watching a particular show and determine the best time to air it. In this lesson, we will learn about the different types of TV ratings, how they are calculated, and how to interpret them.

Section 1: Understanding TV Ratings

Topic 1: Types of TV Ratings
- There are two main types of TV ratings: Live+Same Day and Live+3 Day.
- Live+Same Day ratings are based on the number of people who watch a program live or within the same day.
- Live+3 Day ratings include the number of people who watched a program live or within the same day, plus those who watched it on DVR within three days.

Topic 2: How TV Ratings are Calculated
- TV ratings are calculated by measuring the number of households or individual viewers who watch a program.
- The ratings are then converted into a percentage to represent the share of all TV viewers who watched the program.
- The higher the rating, the more popular the program is.

Section 2: Interpreting TV Ratings

Topic 1: Understanding the Ratings
- A rating of 1.0 means that 1% of all TV viewers watched the program.
- A rating of 2.0 means that 2% of all TV viewers watched the program.
- The average TV rating is around 1.0, so a rating above 1.0 is considered good.

Topic 2: Comparing Programs
- TV ratings are often compared to other programs to determine which one is more popular.
- For example, if Program A has a rating of 2.0 and Program B has a rating of 1.5, Program A is more popular than Program B.

Section 3: Real-World Examples

Topic 1: Sports Programs
- Sports programs often have high ratings because many people like to watch them live.
- However, sports programs usually have lower ratings when re-aired on DVR because people have already seen them.

Topic 2: Reality Shows
- Reality shows like "Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta" often have high ratings because they are dramatic and entertaining.
- The show's rating of 2.0 is considered good, especially when compared to other programs.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding TV ratings is essential for anyone interested in the television industry. By knowing how ratings are calculated and interpreted, we can better understand the popularity of different programs and make informed decisions about when to air them.


text: Plano, TX Data Recovery Services - Hard Drives, SSD, RAID Recovery. Advanced Data Retrieval Capabilities for Businesses and Individuals in Plano. Our Data Recovery Experts Are Ready to Serve Customers from Plan Plano. Seeking Assistance from Experts for Plano, TX?. The need of experts in any field is mandatory. This is why it is important to know the right people to turn to when the need arises. In Plano, TX, clients have always been reluctant to seek data recovery services due to the fact that not all service providers are to be trusted. At ACE Data Recovery, professionalism and confidentiality are implemented with every client. ACE Data Recovery comprises of a team of experts that treat every case with utmost experience and the delicacy it deserves. The company is the solution to the dilemma faced by many individuals or companies in Plano, TX that have had the need for data recovery services.. Trusted Name in The industry for Plano, TX customers.

textbook:
Lesson: Data Recovery Services
Introduction:
Data recovery services are essential for businesses and individuals who have lost important data due to various reasons such as hardware failure, software crash, virus attack, or human error. In this lesson, we will learn about data recovery services, their importance, and how to choose the right service provider in Plano, TX.
Section 1: What are Data Recovery Services?
Data recovery services are professional services that help recover lost or deleted data from various storage devices such as hard drives, solid-state drives (SSD), USB flash drives, memory cards, and other types of digital media. These services use advanced technologies and techniques to retrieve lost data and restore it to its original state.
Importance of Data Recovery Services:
- Data loss can occur due to various reasons such as hardware failure, software crash, virus attack, or human error.
- Data recovery services help recover lost or deleted data, preventing the loss of valuable information.
- Data recovery services can help businesses avoid downtime and financial losses caused by data loss.
- Data recovery services can help individuals recover personal photos, videos, documents, and other important files.
Section 2: How to Choose the Right Service Provider in Plano, TX?
Choosing the right service provider for data recovery services is crucial to ensure successful recovery of lost data. Here are some factors to consider when choosing a service provider in Plano, TX:
- Experience: Choose a service provider with experience in recovering data from various types of storage devices and different types of data loss scenarios.
- Reputation: Choose a service provider with a good reputation in the industry and positive reviews from previous clients.
- Cost: Choose a service provider that offers competitive pricing without compromising on quality or service.
- Turnaround time: Choose a service provider that offers quick turnaround times to minimize downtime and data loss.
Section 3: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios
Let's consider some practical examples and real-world scenarios where data recovery services can be useful:
- A business in Plano, TX experiences a hardware failure, causing the loss of important files and documents. The business needs to recover the lost data quickly to avoid downtime and financial losses.
- An individual accidentally deletes important photos and videos from their smartphone's memory card. The individual needs to recover the lost data to preserve their memories.
- A computer user in Plano, TX downloads a malicious software that corrupts the operating system and causes the loss of important files. The user needs to recover the lost data to continue working on their projects.
Conclusion:
Data recovery services are essential for businesses and individuals who have lost important data due to various reasons such as hardware failure, software crash, virus attack, or human error. Choosing the right service provider in Plano, TX is crucial to ensure successful recovery of lost data. By considering factors such as experience, reputation, cost, and turnaround time, businesses and individuals can find the right service provider for their data recovery needs.


text: To help redefine success in business, Andrew Hewitt created GameChangers 500 to showcase the world’s top purpose-driven organizations using business as a force for good. Unlike lists like the Fortune 500, the GameChangers 500 ranks organizations based on their social and environmental impact and their ability to maximize benefit not just profit.. Listen Here:. Podcast: Play in new window | Download. Subscribe: Apple Podcasts | Android | RSS

textbook:
Lesson: How to Use Business as a Force for Good

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the concept of using business as a force for good. We will explore what it means to be a purpose-driven organization and how it can lead to positive social and environmental impact.

Section 1: What is a Purpose-Driven Organization?
A purpose-driven organization is a business that focuses on achieving a higher purpose beyond just making a profit. This purpose could be anything from providing a product or service that benefits society to reducing environmental harm.

Question: What are some examples of purpose-driven organizations?
Answer: Some examples of purpose-driven organizations include Patagonia, which is committed to protecting the environment, and TOMS Shoes, which donates a pair of shoes to a child in need for every pair sold.

Section 2: The GameChangers 500
The GameChangers 500 is a list created by Andrew Hewitt that ranks organizations based on their social and environmental impact and their ability to maximize benefit not just profit. This list showcases the top purpose-driven organizations in the world.

Question: How does the GameChangers 500 differ from other lists like the Fortune 500?
Answer: The GameChangers 500 differs from other lists like the Fortune 500 because it ranks organizations based on their social and environmental impact instead of just their financial performance.

Section 3: Practical Examples
One practical example of using business as a force for good is the company Seventh Generation. This company produces eco-friendly household products and donates a portion of their profits to environmental causes. By doing so, they are able to make a positive impact on the environment while also making a profit.

Another practical example is the company Warby Parker. This company sells affordable glasses and donates a pair of glasses to someone in need for every pair sold. By doing so, they are able to provide access to glasses for those who may not be able to afford them while also making a profit.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, using business as a force for good involves focusing on a higher purpose beyond just making a profit. By prioritizing social and environmental impact, organizations can create positive change while still being financially successful. By learning about practical examples like Seventh Generation and Warby Parker, we can see the real-world applications of using business as a force for good.

Glossary:
- Purpose-driven organization: A business that focuses on achieving a higher purpose beyond just making a profit.
- Social and environmental impact: The positive or negative effect a business has on society and the environment.
- Maximize benefit: To increase the amount of good a business does while still making a profit.

Self-Debate Discussion:
- How can businesses balance the need to make a profit with the desire to have a positive social and environmental impact?
- What are some ways that businesses can measure their social and environmental impact?
- How can consumers hold businesses accountable for their social and environmental impact?


text: In fact, from the current situation, ceramic fiber blankets are basically concerned by many people. They play the most important role in all the decoration materials, but there are many fiber materials on the market, and their role is And the quality is different.. Ceramic fiber blankets are basically also relatively small pores, and have the most exemplary porous sound-absorbing materials. Such a material still has the characteristics of Greek sounds that are not known to everyone. Basically, it can also be regarded as some wall panels or ceilings, and can also be used as other spaces, and can absorb a lot of sounds in the room, so that the indoor noise can be effectively reduced.. So to a certain extent, ceramic fiber carpet manufacturers basically have their own characteristics, and their products will not be destroyed.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Sound Absorption Materials

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Sound absorption materials are substances that reduce the amount of sound energy that is reflected back into a space. These materials work by trapping the sound waves within their structure, converting them into thermal energy, or reflecting them in a way that reduces the overall sound level in the room.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

One common sound absorption material is fiberglass insulation. This material is often used in walls and ceilings to reduce the amount of sound that travels between rooms. Another example is acoustic panels, which are often used in recording studios to absorb sound and reduce echoes.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

In a recording studio, sound engineers use acoustic panels to absorb sound and reduce echoes. This helps create a more controlled environment for recording music and ensures that the final product sounds clear and balanced.

## Glossary

- Sound absorption: The process by which sound waves are trapped within a material, converted into thermal energy, or reflected in a way that reduces the overall sound level in a space.
- Fiberglass insulation: A type of insulation made from glass fibers that is often used to reduce sound transmission between rooms.
- Acoustic panels: Sound absorption materials that are designed to look like pieces of furniture or artwork, making them aesthetically pleasing while still functioning as sound-absorbing devices.

## Conclusion

Understanding sound absorption materials and how they work is important for creating a comfortable and functional living space. By using materials like fiberglass insulation and acoustic panels, you can reduce the amount of noise that travels between rooms and create a more peaceful environment for yourself and your family.


text: Alibi Room. Entries. You. Worth visiting!. A tip I have about this place. No brunch here anymore unfortunately; open 4pm – 2am daily.. Worth visiting!. A tip I have about this place. The men’s bathroom has rather unique light fixtures.. Worth visiting!. The last time I went to this place. The last time I went to the Alibi Room was the night before the night before my wedding. We had a cocktail party and when that was over, we all went to the alibi room for beer and their extra fabulous mac & cheese.. JewellsinSEA. Lower Queen Anne. Worth visiting!. Hidden treasure!. One of my favorite Seattle evenings was at the Alibi Room! Great service, great food and an spectacular view. You feel a little like a mobster entering from the alley, so don’t be fooled!. Worth visiting!. Untitled. I love the hideaway feeling of this place. It’s dark, (formerly) smoky, and has a view. Excellent food too.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Extracting Core Values from Text Paragraphs

Overview: In this lesson, we will learn how to extract core values from a text paragraph by identifying the main ideas and key points. This skill is essential for understanding and summarizing written material.

Level: Primary through High School

Section 1: Introduction

In this section, we will introduce the concept of core values and explain why they are important.

Core values are the fundamental beliefs and principles that guide our actions and decisions. They represent our personal or organizational identity and help us prioritize our goals and objectives. By understanding and expressing our core values, we can communicate our purpose and priorities effectively.

Section 2: Identifying Core Values

In this section, we will learn how to identify core values in a text paragraph.

Step 1: Read the paragraph carefully and identify the main ideas and key points.
Step 2: Look for recurring themes or patterns in the paragraph. These may represent core values.
Step 3: Check if the identified core values align with the overall message or theme of the paragraph.

Example: In the given paragraph, the core value could be "unique experiences."

Section 3: Applying Core Values

In this section, we will apply the extracted core values to real-life scenarios.

Example: If the core value is "unique experiences," we could use it to prioritize activities that provide new and exciting experiences, such as traveling to new places or trying out new hobbies.

Section 4: Conclusion

In this section, we will summarize the lesson and encourage students to apply the learned skill to new texts and situations.

Core values are the foundation of our beliefs and decisions. By identifying and expressing them, we can communicate our purpose and priorities effectively. Through this lesson, we have learned how to extract core values from text paragraphs and apply them to real-life scenarios. As you read and analyze new texts, remember to look for recurring themes and patterns that represent core values. Use these values to prioritize your goals and make informed decisions.


text: On April 16, 2015, CMS published a proposed rule that would revise the definition of Medicaid mechanized claims processing and information retrieval systems to include Medicaid eligibility and enrollment (E&E) systems, which would make enhanced federal financial participation (FFP) available for such systems on an ongoing basis (current regulatory authority for such enhanced funding expired December 31, 2015). The proposed rule would set forth standards and conditions for qualifying for this enhanced funding. According to CMS, the proposed rule “would allow states to improve customer service and support the dynamic nature of Medicaid eligibility, enrollment, and delivery systems.” CMS will accept comments on the proposed rule through. June 15, 2015.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Medicaid Eligibility and Enrollment Systems

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about Medicaid eligibility and enrollment systems, their importance in the healthcare industry, and the changes proposed by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) in 2015.

Section 1: What are Medicaid Eligibility and Enrollment Systems?
- Medicaid eligibility and enrollment systems are computer systems used by state governments to determine whether individuals are eligible for Medicaid benefits and to enroll them in the program.
- These systems help streamline the application process, reduce errors, and improve efficiency.

Section 2: Why are Medicaid Eligibility and Enrollment Systems Important?
- Medicaid is a crucial source of healthcare coverage for low-income individuals and families, particularly those with disabilities or other special needs.
- Accurate and efficient eligibility and enrollment systems are essential to ensuring that eligible individuals receive the benefits they need in a timely manner.

Section 3: Changes Proposed by CMS in 2015
- In April 2015, CMS proposed a rule that would revise the definition of Medicaid mechanized claims processing and information retrieval systems to include Medicaid eligibility and enrollment (E&E) systems.
- This change would make enhanced federal financial participation (FFP) available for such systems on an ongoing basis, providing additional funding to states that implement these systems effectively.
- The proposed rule would also set forth standards and conditions for qualifying for this enhanced funding.

Section 4: How can we apply the skills gained from this topic to new problems?
- Understanding the importance of Medicaid eligibility and enrollment systems can help us appreciate the need for efficient and accurate healthcare coverage determination processes.
- As technology advances, we can expect to see more sophisticated eligibility and enrollment systems that use advanced data analytics and machine learning to improve accuracy and speed.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Medicaid eligibility and enrollment systems play a critical role in ensuring that eligible individuals receive the healthcare benefits they need. The proposed changes by CMS in 2015 aimed to improve these systems and provide additional funding to states that implement them effectively. By understanding the importance of these systems, we can apply the skills gained to new problems and contribute to the improvement of healthcare coverage determination processes.

Glossary:
- Medicaid: A joint federal and state program that provides healthcare coverage to low-income individuals and families.
- Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS): A federal agency within the United States Department of Health and Human Services that administers the Medicare and Medicaid programs.
- Federal Financial Participation (FFP): The share of costs that the federal government contributes to state Medicaid programs.
- Mechanized Claims Processing and Information Retrieval Systems: Computer systems used by state Medicaid agencies to process and retrieve claims and other information.


text: The Great Goddess rises out of the sea and gazes into the Oracle. She sees a vision of the earth in its ascended state, where higher consciousness is manifest. With the help of the dolphins, she takes this vision into her heart, knowing that for this vision to come to pass each being must journey deep into their own heart and transmute any negative energies there. Only then can we access the etheric crystal cities of light.. Return to I.ndex

textbook:
Lesson: The Power of Visualization and Manifestation

**Introduction:** In this lesson, we will explore the power of visualization and manifestation. We will learn how to use our imagination to create positive outcomes in our lives.

**Section 1: Understanding Visualization and Manifestation**

Visualization is the process of creating mental images or pictures in your mind. Manifestation is the act of making something tangible or real by bringing it into existence. Both of these techniques are powerful tools for achieving goals and creating positive outcomes in our lives.

**Section 2: Practicing Visualization and Manifestation**

To practice visualization, find a quiet place where you can sit or lie down comfortably. Close your eyes and imagine yourself achieving your goal. See yourself in vivid detail, feeling the emotions and sensations that come with success.

To practice manifestation, start by setting clear and specific goals. Write them down and keep them in a place where you can see them every day. Then, take action towards achieving those goals, while also maintaining a positive mindset and belief in your ability to succeed.

**Section 3: Applying Visualization and Manifestation in Real Life**

Visualization and manifestation can be applied to many areas of life, such as health, relationships, career, and finances. For example, if you want to improve your health, you can visualize yourself eating nutritious foods and exercising regularly. You can then take action towards achieving this goal by making healthier choices and incorporating physical activity into your daily routine.

**Glossary:**
- Visualization: The process of creating mental images or pictures in your mind
- Manifestation: The act of making something tangible or real by bringing it into existence

**Conclusion:**

In conclusion, visualization and manifestation are powerful tools for achieving goals and creating positive outcomes in our lives. By practicing these techniques, we can tap into the power of our imagination and harness its energy to create the lives we want. Remember to set clear and specific goals, maintain a positive mindset, and take action towards achieving them.


text: Central Queensland Newborn & Family Photography. Celebrating every life, from young to old. Capturing those precious moments in time as memories, to look back on and continuously feel that same love.. Hi, I'm Jaime!. I am so absolutely addicted to capturing the real-life moments and chasing beautiful light. Nature pulls me into all kinds of adventures off the beaten track and into the most magical of places.. My passion and love for this country help to inspire my creative talents and interests.. I am a photographer by day and mother by night. With 2 amazing little boys in my little family that call me Mumma, and they are my number 1 absolute inspiration!. What I enjoy most is capturing authentic emotions; whether it be tears rolling down the cheek, flying saliva from endless laughter or just seldom stillness.. The beauty that can be found in raw emotions is more priceless than any other..

textbook:
Lesson: How to Write a Personal Bio

Introduction:
A personal bio is a short description of who you are, what you do, and your interests. It is often used on social media profiles, websites, or in professional settings. In this lesson, we will learn how to write an effective personal bio.

Section 1: Understanding Your Audience

Before writing your personal bio, you need to understand who your audience is. Are you writing for potential employers, friends, or clients? Knowing your audience will help you tailor your bio to their interests and needs.

Section 2: Choosing the Right Format

There are several formats you can use when writing a personal bio. The most common formats are:

1. First name, last name: This format is used when introducing yourself to someone new. For example, "Hi, my name is John Smith."

2. Full name: This format is used when introducing yourself professionally or on a resume. For example, "John Smith is a software engineer with 10 years of experience in the industry."

3. Professional title: This format is used when introducing yourself in a professional setting. For example, "I'm Dr. Jane Doe, the head of the department of psychology at XYZ University."

4. Short bio: This format is used on social media profiles or websites. It should be brief and to the point, highlighting your key achievements and interests.

Section 3: Writing Your Bio

Once you have chosen your format, it's time to start writing. Here are some tips for writing an effective personal bio:

1. Keep it brief: Your bio should be no longer than two or three sentences.

2. Be specific: Use concrete examples to highlight your achievements and interests.

3. Use active language: Use strong verbs to describe your actions and accomplishments.

4. Be positive: Focus on your strengths and accomplishments, not your weaknesses.

5. Be honest: Don't exaggerate or lie about your achievements.

6. Edit carefully: Proofread your bio for spelling and grammar errors before publishing it.

Example Bio:

Jane Doe is a marketing manager with 8 years of experience in the industry. She specializes in digital marketing and has worked with several Fortune 500 companies. In her free time, she enjoys hiking and traveling.

Conclusion:

Writing a personal bio can be a challenging task, but by understanding your audience and following the tips provided in this lesson, you can create an effective bio that showcases your achievements and interests. Remember to keep it brief, specific, and positive, and to edit carefully before publishing.


text: Shipping Fee range based on the Product Quantity. Our customers and vendors have been asking for the shipping fee range based on the product quantity. So, for example, if the customer purchases 10 or 5 or 20 or 4, etc. products, the shipping fee should be incremental, not multiplying as it does now.. Unfortunately, we lose more than 70% of our sales because we do not have this solution on our website. Vendors are very stressed out over this, and customers are leaving our website because after adding multiple items to the same cart, they see the shipping fee has also multiplied. As a result, very few reach out to us, while the rest doesn’t bother and simply leave.. It would be great to add this solution to your multi-vendor plugin directly as an addon or a separate plugin that could help us solve this problem because none of the shipping tools you have in your plugin helping to solve this issue. Thank you.. Simple feature Requests

textbook:
Lesson: How to Calculate Shipping Fees Based on Product Quantity
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to calculate shipping fees based on the quantity of products purchased. We will start with the basics and gradually move towards more complex examples. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to apply this concept to real-life scenarios and make informed decisions about pricing and shipping fees.
Section 1: Basic Concepts
- Shipping fees are charges that are added to the cost of shipping a product.
- The quantity of products purchased is the number of items added to the shopping cart.
- To calculate shipping fees based on product quantity, we need to create a formula that takes into account the number of products purchased.
Section 2: Practical Examples
- Let's say a customer purchases 10 products. How much should the shipping fee be?
- To calculate this, we can use the following formula: Shipping Fee = (Quantity x Fixed Cost) + (Quantity^2 x Variable Cost). In this case, let's assume that the fixed cost is $5 and the variable cost is $0.1 per product. Therefore, the shipping fee would be $5 + ($0.1 x 10^2) = $6.
- Now let's say a customer purchases 20 products. How much should the shipping fee be?
- Using the same formula, we can calculate the shipping fee as follows: Shipping Fee = (Quantity x Fixed Cost) + (Quantity^2 x Variable Cost). In this case, let's assume that the fixed cost is still $5 and the variable cost is $0.1 per product. Therefore, the shipping fee would be $5 + ($0.1 x 20^2) = $16.
Section 3: Complex Examples
- Let's say a customer purchases 5 products that weigh 1 kg each. How much should the shipping fee be?
- To calculate this, we need to take into account both the quantity and weight of the products. We can use the following formula: Shipping Fee = (Quantity x Fixed Cost) + (Weight x Variable Cost) + (Quantity x Weight x Third Cost). In this case, let's assume that the fixed cost is $3, the variable cost is $0.05 per kg, and the third cost is $0.01 per product per kg. Therefore, the shipping fee would be $3 + ($0.05 x 5) + ($0.01 x 5 x 5) = $1.25.
Conclusion:
By learning how to calculate shipping fees based on product quantity, we can make informed decisions about pricing and shipping fees. We can apply this concept to real-life scenarios and make sure that our customers are satisfied with our services. With practice, we can become experts in this field and provide valuable insights to our clients.
Glossary:
- Quantity: The number of products purchased.
- Fixed Cost: A constant amount charged for shipping.
- Variable Cost: An additional amount charged per product purchased.
- Weight: The mass of a product.
- Third Cost: An additional amount charged per product per kg.


text: Furst Group and NuBrick Partners are proud to sponsor and support the Top Women Leaders in Healthcare, the awards program created by Modern Healthcare. This is our 14th year of sponsoring the program, which culminates in an awards gala that will be hosted at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Chicago, IL on July 14, 2022.. Please click here to read our recent article, “The spaces in between: Moving DE&I beyond the status quo,” and check out our Diversity Resource Library.. 2022 Top Women Leaders in Healthcare. 2021 Luminaries. 2021 Women Leaders to Watch. In addition, here are the 10 executives chosen as Women Leaders to Watch:. For more information, click here.

textbook:
Lesson: Core Value - Sponsorship and Support

Introduction:
Sponsorship and support are essential in any industry, including healthcare. In this lesson, we will explore the core value of sponsorship and support and how it can benefit individuals and organizations in the healthcare industry.

Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
- Sponsorship refers to the act of providing financial or other resources to support an event, program, or individual.
- Support refers to the act of providing encouragement or assistance to someone or something.

Section 2: Practical Examples
- Furst Group and NuBrick Partners sponsored and supported the Top Women Leaders in Healthcare program created by Modern Healthcare.
- Sponsorship and support can help individuals and organizations achieve their goals, such as attending conferences, networking events, or fundraising campaigns.
- Support can come in many forms, such as mentorship, advice, or resources, and can make a significant difference in someone's career or personal growth.

Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
- In the healthcare industry, sponsorship and support can lead to collaboration and partnerships between organizations, leading to better patient care and innovative solutions.
- For example, a pharmaceutical company may sponsor a medical research conference to support the advancement of science and medicine.
- Individuals can also benefit from sponsorship and support, such as a young doctor who receives mentorship from an experienced physician, leading to personal and professional growth.

Glossary:
- Sponsorship: The act of providing financial or other resources to support an event, program, or individual.
- Support: The act of providing encouragement or assistance to someone or something.

Conclusion:
Sponsorship and support are crucial in the healthcare industry, as they can lead to collaboration, innovation, and personal growth. By understanding the core value of sponsorship and support, individuals and organizations can work together to achieve common goals and make a positive impact on the healthcare industry.


text: BCV0481 - Pest Control, Appliance Repair, NCCER Welding Skills and Surface Treatment for Facilities Maintenance (PSAV). Credits/Clock Hours:. 150 clock hours. Description:. This course is designed to teach entry level welding skills, surface treatment, pest control and applicance repair. The course will cover welding safety, base metal preparation, weld quality and SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding). The student will also learn how to treat a structural surface to achieve a professional result using proper surface preparation, tool and material selection, and application. The third section will train the student the safe and proper use of pesticides in a facility and finally, the student will learn how to install and maintain the working order of a variety of appliances used in a facility.

textbook:
## Lesson 1: Introduction to Welding Skills
### Section 1: Overview of Welding Safety
- What is welding?
- Why is welding safety important?
- What are the common hazards associated with welding?
### Section 2: Base Metal Preparation
- What is base metal preparation?
- Why is it important?
- How do you prepare the base metal for welding?
### Section 3: Weld Quality
- What is weld quality?
- How do you ensure weld quality?
- What are the common defects in welding?
### Section 4: SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding)
- What is SMAW?
- How does it work?
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of SMAW?
### Section 5: Practical Examples
- How do you apply the concepts learned in this lesson in real-world scenarios?
- What are some practical examples of welding projects?
- What are the common challenges faced in welding projects?
## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about the basics of welding skills, including welding safety, base metal preparation, weld quality, and SMAW. We also explored practical examples of how these concepts can be applied in real-world scenarios. By understanding these concepts, we can improve our ability to perform welding tasks safely and effectively.


text: Showing all 5 results. Ronin-S Standard Kit₨64,000 Add to cart. Ronin-S Essentials Kit₨64,500 Add to cart. Ronin 2 Professional Combo₨68,000 Add to cart. DJI Ronin SC Pro Combo 3-Axis Gimbal Stabilizer₨83,500 Add to cart. DJI Ronin-SC 3-Axis Gimbal Stabilizer₨87,000 Add to cart. DJI Ronin Series Drones Price in Clifton – DJI Ronin Series Drones Price in Karachi – DJI Ronin Series Drones Price in Pakistan. atReBoot offers amazing discounts on DJI Ronin Drones from Pakistan. We have the DJI Ronin Drones and Accessories as well. DJI Ronin Series (Payloader). DJI Ronin 3 Axis Gimbal System and, in our opinion it is also the best of all. It’s capable of handling an enormous payload of 30lbs (14kg) and is suitable for almost every lens and camera combination with a few restrictions. Order now for the best pricing for DJI Ronin Series Drones.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to DJI Ronin Series Drones
Introduction:
DJI Ronin series drones are a type of gimbal stabilizer that helps to capture smooth and stable footage while flying. These drones are designed to work with cameras and lenses of various sizes and weights, making them versatile and useful for a wide range of applications. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of DJI Ronin series drones, their features, and how they work.
Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is to provide an introduction to DJI Ronin series drones, their features, and how they work. This will help students understand the basic principles of gimbal stabilization and how it can be used to improve their video footage.
Section 1: What are DJI Ronin Series Drones?
DJI Ronin series drones are a type of gimbal stabilizer that is designed to help capture smooth and stable footage while flying. They are made by DJI, a company that specializes in creating high-quality drones and other camera equipment. These drones are known for their ability to handle large payloads, making them ideal for use with heavy cameras and lenses.
Section 2: Features of DJI Ronin Series Drones
DJI Ronin series drones come with several features that make them stand out from other gimbal stabilizers. Some of these features include:
1. Payload Range: DJI Ronin series drones are capable of handling large payloads, making them ideal for use with heavy cameras and lenses.
2. 3-Axis Gimbal Stabilization: These drones use a 3-axis gimbal stabilization system to keep the camera steady while flying.
3. Advanced Motion Control: DJI Ronin series drones come with advanced motion control features that allow for precise and accurate control of the camera movement.
4. Compatibility: These drones are compatible with a wide range of cameras and lenses, making them versatile and useful for various applications.
Section 3: How do DJI Ronin Series Drones Work?
DJI Ronin series drones work by using a 3-axis gimbal stabilization system to keep the camera steady while flying. This system uses sensors and motors to detect and counteract any movement or vibration, resulting in smooth and stable footage. The drone also comes with advanced motion control features that allow for precise and accurate control of the camera movement.
Section 4: Practical Examples
Practical examples of how DJI Ronin series drones can be used include:
1. Aerial Photography: These drones can be used to capture stunning aerial shots of landscapes, buildings, and other structures.
2. Film Making: DJI Ronin series drones can be used to capture smooth and stable footage for films and movies.
3. Sports Events: These drones can be used to capture live sports events, providing viewers with a unique and immersive experience.
Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have explored the basics of DJI Ronin series drones, their features, and how they work. We have also looked at some practical examples of how these drones can be used. By understanding the principles of gimbal stabilization and the features of DJI Ronin series drones, students can improve their video footage and create more professional-looking content.


text:
Q:

Why does division in bash arithmetic compute most percentages as 0?

Attempting bash arithemetic for a script, but $e does not update till the end. The output speaks for itself.
max=5
for e in $(seq 1 1 $max); do
    percent=$(( $e/$max*100 ))
    echo "echo $e / $max : = $percent"
done

Tl;DR: Display 1..5 as a percentage.
Output :
echo 1 / 5 : = 0
echo 2 / 5 : = 0
echo 3 / 5 : = 0
echo 4 / 5 : = 0
echo 5 / 5 : = 100

Why is this?

A:

bash cannot handle non-integer arithmetic. It will give you the correct result as long as all the expressions are integers. So you need to avoid getting a non-integer value somewhere in your calculation.
In your case, when you are evaluating 1 / 5, 2 / 5 etc. it creates the integer zero values in bash correspondings to some non-integer values and the results are coming out to be zero accordingly. Precedence of division and multiplication are the same and same precedent operators are always executed left to right as they are placed in the expression.
One work around will be to do the multiplication first and then the division so bash never has to handle non-integer value. The corrected expression will be,
$ max=5; for e in $(seq 1 1 $max); do percent=$(( $e*100/$max )); echo "echo $e / $max : = $percent"; done
echo 1 / 5 : = 20
echo 2 / 5 : = 40
echo 3 / 5 : = 60
echo 4 / 5 : = 80
echo 5 / 5 : = 100

A:

Bash doesn't do very well at this kind of arithmetic... Here's your problem:
$ echo $((1/5))
0
$ echo $((2/5))
0
$ echo $((4/5))
0
$ echo $((4/5))
0

If you need to handle non-integer values, you can use bc
$ max=5; for e in $(seq 1 1 "$max"); do percent=$(bc <<< "scale=1 ; $e/$max*100") ; echo "echo $e / $max : = ${percent%.*}"; done
echo 1 / 5 : = 20
echo 2 / 5 : = 40
echo 3 / 5 : = 60
echo 4 / 5 : = 80
echo 5 / 5 : = 100

(thanks to @Arronical for pointing out how to format the output as integers)

A:

Unlike bash, awk offers full floating point arithmetic.  For example:
$ awk -v max=5 'BEGIN{for (e=1;e<=max;e++) print "echo " e " / " max " : = " 100*e/max}'
echo 1 / 5 : = 20
echo 2 / 5 : = 40
echo 3 / 5 : = 60
echo 4 / 5 : = 80
echo 5 / 5 : = 100

textbook:
Lesson:

Title: Understanding Bash Arithmetic

Introduction:

Bash is a powerful command-line interface that allows users to interact with their computer. One of the features of bash is its ability to perform arithmetic operations. However, there are some limitations to what bash can do when it comes to arithmetic. In this lesson, we will explore why division in bash arithmetic computes most percentages as 0 and how to work around this issue.

Section 1: Understanding Bash Arithmetic

Question: What is bash arithmetic?
Answer: Bash arithmetic is the ability of the bash shell to perform arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Question: What are some limitations of bash arithmetic?
Answer: Bash arithmetic cannot handle non-integer arithmetic. This means that if any part of an expression involves a non-integer value, the entire expression will be evaluated as 0.

Section 2: Why Does Division in Bash Arithmetic Compute Most Percentages as 0?

Question: What is the problem with the following code?
Answer: The problem with the code is that it is trying to calculate the percentage of each number in a range from 1 to 5. However, when the code tries to divide each number by 5, it gets a non-integer value for the result. Since bash cannot handle non-integer arithmetic, it evaluates the entire expression as 0.

Question: How can we work around this issue?
Answer: One way to work around this issue is to multiply each number by 100 before dividing by 5. This ensures that the result is always an integer value, which bash can handle. The corrected code would look like this:

$ max=5; for e in $(seq 1 1 $max); do p
    percent=$(( ($e*$e)*100/$max ))
    echo "$e / $max : = $percent"
done

This will correctly display each number in the range from 1 to 5 as a percentage.

Section 3: Practical Examples

Question: Can you give an example of how to use bash arithmetic to calculate the average of two numbers?
Answer: Sure! Here's an example:

$ num1=10
$ num2=20
$ average=$(( ($num1+$num2)/2 ))
$ echo "The average of $num1 and $num2 is $average"
The average of 10 and 20 is 15

In this example, we first assign the values of num1 and num2 to variables. Then, we calculate the average by adding the two numbers together and dividing by 2. Finally, we print out the result using the echo command.

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned about bash arithmetic and some of its limitations. We also explored why division in bash arithmetic computes most percentages as 0 and how to work around this issue. By understanding these concepts, we can use bash to perform a variety of arithmetic operations.


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textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Graph Theory

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Graph theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the study of graphs, which are collections of vertices connected by edges. A graph can be represented as a set of points (vertices) connected by lines (edges). In this lesson, we will learn about the basic concepts of graph theory, such as the definition of a graph, the concept of connectivity, and the definition of a path and a cycle.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
Let's consider a simple example of a graph. Suppose we have a graph with four vertices (A, B, C, and D) and five edges connecting them. We can represent this graph as follows:

```
A -- B
|    |
C -- D
```

In this graph, all vertices are connected to each other. This means that the graph is connected. A graph is connected if there is a path between every pair of vertices. In our example, we can see that there is a path between any two vertices, so the graph is connected.

Now, let's consider another example. Suppose we have a graph with six vertices (E, F, G, H, I, and J) and seven edges connecting them. We can represent this graph as follows:

```
E -- F
|    |
G -- H
|    |
I -- J
```

In this graph, there is a cycle. A cycle is a closed path in a graph where the first and last vertices are the same. In our example, we can see that there is a cycle E-F-H-I-J-E. This cycle has four vertices, and it takes us back to the starting vertex E.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions
1. Why is graph theory important?
Graph theory is important because it has many applications in computer science, engineering, physics, and other fields. It helps us understand how complex systems work and how to design efficient algorithms.

2. How do you represent a graph?
A graph can be represented as a set of vertices connected by edges. There are many ways to represent a graph, such as adjacency lists, adjacency matrices, and incidence matrices.

3. What is the difference between a path and a cycle?
A path is a sequence of edges that connects two vertices. A cycle is a closed path in a graph where the first and last vertices are the same.

4. How do you determine if a graph is connected?
You can determine if a graph is connected by checking if there is a path between every pair of vertices. If there is a path between any two vertices, then the graph is connected.

5. What is the difference between a tree and a graph?
A tree is a connected graph with no cycles. A graph can have cycles, and its vertices can have more than two degrees.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the basic concepts of graph theory, such as the definition of a graph, the concept of connectivity, and the definition of a path and a cycle. We also considered practical examples and engaged in self-debating discussions to deepen our understanding of the subject. By applying these concepts, we can analyze complex systems and design efficient algorithms to solve problems in various fields.


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textbook:
Lesson: How to Choose the Perfect Outer Layer for Your Style
Introduction:
Outer layers are essential for keeping us warm and protected from the elements. They come in various styles, designs, and materials, making it challenging to choose the perfect one for our style. In this lesson, we will learn how to choose the ideal outer layer that fits our style, personality, and budget.
Section 1: Understanding Your Style and Personality
The first step in choosing the perfect outer layer is understanding your style and personality. Ask yourself the following questions:
- What is my preferred color?
- What is my body type?
- What is my fashion sense?
- What activities do I engage in?
- What is my budget?
Answering these questions will help you narrow down your options and choose an outer layer that complements your style and personality.
Section 2: Types of Outer Layers
There are various types of outer layers, including jackets, coats, and sweaters. Each type has its unique features and benefits. Here are some popular types of outer layers:
- Leather jackets: These are perfect for a rocker style and provide warmth and protection.
- Denim jackets: These are versatile and can be worn in various settings.
- Puffer jackets: These are ideal for cold weather and provide insulation and warmth.
- Blazers: These are perfect for formal events and add a touch of elegance to any outfit.
Section 3: Materials Used in Outer Layers
Outer layers are made from various materials, each with its unique properties. Here are some common materials used in outer layers:
- Wool: This is a natural fiber that provides warmth and insulation.
- Cotton: This is a lightweight material that breathes well and is ideal for summer weather.
- Polyester: This is a synthetic material that is water-resistant and durable.
- Leather: This is a tough material that provides protection and insulation.
Section 4: Features to Look For in Outer Layers
When choosing an outer layer, look for the following features:
- Fit: The outer layer should fit well without being too tight or too loose.
- Length: The length of the outer layer should be appropriate for the occasion.
- Pockets: The outer layer should have pockets for storing essentials.
- Zipper or Button Closure: The outer layer should have a zipper or button closure for easy access.
Section 5: Conclusion
In conclusion, choosing the perfect outer layer for your style requires understanding your style and personality, knowing the different types and materials used in outer layers, and looking for essential features. By following these guidelines, you can choose an outer layer that complements your style and provides warmth and protection.
Glossary:
- Outer layer: A garment worn over other clothing to provide warmth and protection.
- Insulation: The ability of a material to resist heat flow.
- Durable: Capable of withstanding wear, pressure, or damage.
- Lightweight: Weighing less than average.
- Breathes well: Allows air to circulate, keeping the wearer cool and dry.


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textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Single Malt Whisky

## Section 1: Theory
In this lesson, we will learn about single malt whisky, its history, and the process of making it. We will also explore the different types of whisky and their flavors.

### Topic 1: What is Single Malt Whisky?
Single malt whisky is a type of whisky that is made from malted barley, which has been dried and smoked over peat fires. It is then distilled twice in copper pot stills and matured in oak barrels for at least three years. The term "single" refers to the fact that the whisky is made from one distillery, while "malt" refers to the use of malted barley.

### Topic 2: History of Single Malt Whisky
Single malt whisky has a long and storied history, dating back to the 16th century in Scotland. The first recorded mention of malt whisky was in 1495 when King James IV of Scotland issued a decree banning the production of whisky. However, it wasn't until the late 18th century that single malt whisky began to gain popularity.

### Topic 3: Types of Single Malt Whisky
There are several different types of single malt whisky, each with its own unique flavor profile. Some of the most popular types include:

- Highland: This type of single malt whisky is known for its smooth, nutty flavor with hints of honey and vanilla.
- Speyside: Speyside single malts are known for their fruity, floral notes and are often described as having a sweet, creamy taste.
- Islay: Islay single malts are characterized by their peaty, smoky flavor with notes of seaweed, brine, and iodine.
- Campbeltown: This small region on the west coast of Scotland produces single malts that are known for their rich, complex flavors with hints of fruit, nuts, and spice.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
Now that we know the theory behind single malt whisky, let's look at some practical examples. We will taste three different types of single malt whiskies and analyze their flavors.

### Example 1: Highland Single Malt Whisky
Nose: Sweet, malty aroma with hints of vanilla and honey.
Palate: Smooth, creamy texture with flavors of apple, pear, and a touch of oak.
Finish: Long, warm, and slightly spicy with a lingering sweetness.

### Example 2: Speyside Single Malt Whisky
Nose: Fruity, floral aroma with notes of pear, apricot, and a hint of heather.
Palate: Sweet, creamy texture with flavors of honey, caramel, and a touch of citrus.
Finish: Medium-length, warm, and slightly spicy with a lingering sweetness.

### Example 3: Islay Single Malt Whisky
Nose: Peaty, smoky aroma with notes of seaweed, brine, and iodine.
Palate: Thick, oily texture with flavors of charred wood, leather, and a touch of salt.
Finish: Long, warm, and slightly bitter with a lingering peppery finish.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions
In this section, we will engage in self-debating discussions to teach critical thinking.

### Question 1: Why do you think single malt whisky is so popular?
Answer 1: Single malt whisky is popular because it offers a wide range of flavors and aromas that can be enjoyed on their own or in cocktails. Additionally, the production process involves traditional methods that have been passed down through generations, giving each bottle a unique story.

### Question 2: How does the aging process affect the flavor of single malt whisky?
Answer 2: The aging process plays a crucial role in determining the flavor of single malt whisky. Over time, the whisky absorbs flavors from the oak barrels, which can impart notes of vanilla, caramel, and other sweet flavors. Additionally, the longer the whisky is aged, the more complex and rich its flavor becomes.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about the history, production, and flavors of single malt whisky. We also engaged in self-debating discussions to teach critical thinking. By understanding the theory behind single malt whisky and tasting practical examples, we can appreciate the complexity and richness of this spirit.