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Comment of the Day: Floating Homes for Houston

COMMENT OF THE DAY: FLOATING HOMES FOR HOUSTON “I’m a ship designer with 20+ years of experience and I will say that a float-off house is absolutely feasible from a technical point of view. A quick check in the used barge market shows that you can get something house-sized (80 ft. by 30 ft.) for $65,000. Of course building something on-site would cost a lot more than construction in a shipyard. Not sure how this compares to what a foundation costs. But you’d need to add in some kind of anchoring system so that your house doesn’t float away when it floods. And permitting would be a whole other kettle of fish. I’m available for moonlighting if any architect wants to investigate this for a client!” [Orang Bodoh, commenting on Where Are Houston’s Floodwater-Ready Homes]

13 Comment

Nice. Just one question: how do you control a floating house?
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Actually another question: presumably the floatation system for the house is styrofoam of some sort? Can that be designed to double as rigid insulation?

Something in the 30×80 range would be pretty close to the foot print on a 50′ or 60′ lot — I’d bet you could build that with reasonably nice finish out and a secured foundation at around $100/SF- but you’d need to tack on another $20-$30/SF for the lot cost.

Not exactly an affordable solution ($130/SF is a fairly nice production house in Houston) but you’re in the ballpark at least. Biggest problem to solve is how your MEP works when your house elevation is constantly changing.

I didn’t flood this time. All those idiots who bought inside the flood plain and flooded need to stop whining. Oh wait, you didn’t buy in a flood plain either? Well, maybe this city has serious problems that need to be discussed.

The simplest means of securing a floating house would be via a spud – just a pole or two embedded in the ground that the house rides up and down on. Google “spud barge” to see what this looks like. The spuds could be incorporated into the design as a visual element.
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But I think you’d need to use something with more strength than styrofoam for the hull. A house can’t have a perfect weight distribution; there will be heavy spots and light spots, so you need rigidity to make sure it floats without breaking. In my world we’d use steel but it could be aluminum or probably even fiberglass. You could fill it with insulation if you wanted, but there would need to be some means of inspection so that you’d be certain it would float when the floods come.

Detachable utility hookups are easy and low-tech, used on all sorts of RVs and travel trailers. Scale it up and you’re done. What if the owner/occupant forgets to disconnect? Build in a failure point to the line so that it breaks predictably in a way that can easily be repaired.
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But even still…okay, so maybe you can buy used barges for prices that appear on the surface to be good enough, and maybe that’d work for somebody that has the time, money, and know-how. I wouldn’t even be especially surprised if somebody hadn’t already done this in some swampy flood-prone place in rural Louisiana or Texas. But manufacturing them from scratch or repairing and retrofitting them with the built-in structural support for rigidity and so on, yeah that’s going to be damned expensive.
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I have to ask, what’s wrong with stilts?

Amphibious Retrofits Recommended for Flooded Homes: All homes and structures that were flooded from Hurricanes Harvey and Irma should be retrofitted with modular amphibious concrete foundations. Amphibious retrofits are a realistic and practical way to make structures – single family homes and modest-size commercial structures – flood-resilient at all levels of floodwater, for both the near term and decades hence. Homes with amphibious foundations typically sit close to ground level. These foundations look like and replace conventional foundations. With the arrival of floodwaters, the buoyant foundation and its above structure gradually rises straight up along its corner underground “telescoping vertical guideposts” – up 20 feet or higher as needed, floating and well-stabilized on the floodwater’s surface. As floodwaters recede, the structure and its foundation gently settles back down to its original ground-level footing. Overseas, these foundations have gone through years of repeated flooding and are well-proven.

The modular foundations typically consist of an assembly of airtight/watertight marine concrete pontoons which are post-tensioned together to form a monolith foundation that is secured to the underside of the home or structure. The structure must be partially raised so that the original foundation can be replaced or modified in order to slide in the incoming amphibious foundation. Each concrete pontoon encapsulates an environmental-friendly Styrofoam-type buoyant material (expanded polystyrene-EPS) to provide “floatation redundancy” that makes the entire structure 100% unsinkable. The telescoping guideposts are usually placed in the ground out of sight at or under the corners of the amphibious foundation; they prevent any lateral movement to the home or structure while it is floating. The maintenance-free concrete foundations can carry 50-year warranties, some longer. Such foundations are relatively economical to construct; they cost less than 50% of the cost of FEMA’s traditional flood-resilience solution, i.e., expensively elevating structures up 12-18 ft. on many piles. Industry-proven coiled umbilical cords connect all local utilities. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pontoons can be used in certain situations, as can spud/telephone-pole-type guide posts; concrete provides more stability and telephone pole guide posts are obtrusive-looking.

Amphibious foundations are generally not suitable for buildings which are located in V-Flood Zones or are directly exposed to large open ocean waves or exceed 3 or 4 floors. Otherwise, any structure which can be partially raised is suitable to be retrofitted. Since amphibious foundations and structures are generally not addressed under traditional building codes, some flexibility will be needed from local building officials. (In 2014, senior FEMA officials acknowledged in a series of emails that “amphibious retrofits” were acceptable within FEMA’s construction and design parameters, but such was never publicized.)

Amphibious foundations and retrofits are practically unheard of in the U.S. However, a couple dozen do-it-yourself/homemade amphibious retrofits have been attached under fishing-camp structures in Old River Landing in Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana. For a couple of decades now, these amphibious foundations/structures have been successfully rising and falling every year with Mississippi flood waters.

Urban Waterfront Advisors, Inc. (917-697-4719) is prepared to advise, organize and implement any or all of the above for any neighborhoods or communities who strongly desires such. Up to 80-pages of additional details and photos are available electronically upon request (scottwholcombe@urbanwaterfrontadvisors.com).

textbook:
Lesson: How to Design a Floating House

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about designing a floating house, which is a unique type of home that can be built on water or land. We will cover the basics of floating house design, including the materials used, the cost, and the benefits of having a floating house.

Materials Used in Floating Houses:
Floating houses are usually made of concrete or steel, which makes them very strong and durable. These materials are also resistant to water damage and can withstand harsh weather conditions.

Cost of Building a Floating House:
The cost of building a floating house depends on several factors, such as the size of the house, the location, and the materials used. On average, it can cost between $150 to $250 per square foot to build a floating house. However, this price can vary depending on the customizations and additions you choose to include in your design.

Benefits of Having a Floating House:
Floating houses have many advantages, including:

1. They are eco-friendly: Since they are made of recycled materials, floating houses have a lower environmental impact than traditional homes.
2. They are versatile: Floating houses can be built on land or water, making them perfect for people who love being near the water.
3. They are safe: Floating houses are designed to withstand harsh weather conditions, making them safer than traditional homes during hurricanes and other natural disasters.
4. They are affordable: The cost of building a floating house is lower than that of a traditional home, making them an excellent investment for those looking to save money on their housing costs.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, designing a floating house is a unique and exciting process that requires careful planning and consideration of materials, cost, and benefits. By following this lesson, you will have a better understanding of what goes into designing a floating house and be able to make informed decisions about whether this type of home is right for you.

Glossary:
- Concrete: A material used in building construction, typically made from a mixture of cement, sand, water, and other materials.
- Steel: A strong and durable alloy of iron and carbon that is often used in building construction.
- Square foot: A unit of measurement used in real estate, representing the area of a room or building.
- Customization: The process of designing and building a home to meet the specific needs and preferences of the owner.
- Addition: An extra feature or room added to a home during construction.


text: You are Beary Sweet! - Bear with Watermelon - Digital Stamp. This bear is quite hungry and enjoys a good slice of watermelon. You can create a variety of cards with this cute image.. And it's up to you how much you'd like to pay for this little guy. Thank you! Gerda.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Digital Stamps

## Section 1: What are Digital Stamps?
Digital stamps are electronic images that can be used to create digital art, greeting cards, scrapbook pages, and other creative projects. They are often sold as downloadable files and can be used with various digital software programs.

## Section 2: How do Digital Stamps Work?
Digital stamps work by being imported into a digital software program, such as Adobe Photoshop or Silhouette Studio. Once the image is imported, it can be resized, colored, and manipulated to create a wide range of designs. Digital stamps are often sold as individual images or as part of a larger set.

## Section 3: Creating with Digital Stamps
To create with digital stamps, you will need a computer with a graphics software program installed. Once you have downloaded your digital stamp image, you can import it into the software program and begin manipulating it. You can resize the image, change its color, add borders or other design elements, and more.

## Glossary:
- Digital stamp: An electronic image that can be used to create digital art, greeting cards, and other creative projects.
- Graphics software program: A computer program used for creating and editing visual images.
- Resize: To change the size of an image.
- Color: To change the hue, saturation, and brightness of an image.
- Manipulate: To alter or change the appearance of an image.

## Conclusion:
Digital stamps are a fun and easy way to create digital art, greeting cards, and other creative projects. By understanding the basics of digital stamps and how to use them, you can unleash your creativity and make beautiful designs.


text: This might be an odd question. But I know you can get spam hits to your posts and spam comments. But can a spam bot or whatever subscribe people to your blog?? The reason I ask, in the last 2 weeks I have had a bunch of "unusual" people subscribe to my blog through wordpress. This has not happened before. By "unusual" I just mean that I have a very specific subject blog about Christianity/religion and all my subscribers are usually other people who blog on Christianity or other religious issues. But the last couple weeks, I have people subscribing who don't even remotely have any thing to do with my topic! I can not figure out why in the world they would want to subscribe. I am not complaining, but it just seemed curious that this is suddenly happening....so I wondered if it could be some type of spam situation.. The blog I need help with is lightenough.wordpress.com.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Subscriptions and Spam
## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
In this lesson, we will learn about subscriptions and spam. A subscription is when someone signs up to receive updates or content from a website or blog. Spam is when someone sends unwanted messages or content to others.
## Section 2: Questions and Answers
1. What is a subscription?
2. What is spam?
3. Why would someone subscribe to a blog that doesn't relate to their interests?
4. How can you tell if a subscription is spam?
## Section 3: Practical Examples
Let's say you have a blog about cooking and someone subscribes to your blog who is interested in politics. This could be considered spam if the person doesn't have any interest in cooking.
## Glossary
- Subscription: A process where someone signs up to receive updates or content from a website or blog.
- Spam: Unwanted messages or content sent to someone without their consent.
## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about subscriptions and spam. We also learned how to identify spam and how to avoid it. By understanding these concepts, we can protect ourselves and our blogs from unwanted content.


text:
Sulfation and sulfotransferases 4: bioactivation of mutagens via sulfation.
Sulfation is a common final step in the biotransformation of xenobiotics and is traditionally associated with inactivation. However, the sulfate group is electron-withdrawing and may be cleaved off heterolytically in some molecules, leading to an electrophilic cation. The stable heterologous expression of sulfotransferases in indicator cells of standard mutagenicity tests has substantially improved the accessibility of this activation pathway. Sulfotransferase-mediated genotoxic effects have been demonstrated for numerous benzylic alcohols derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and various aromatic hydroxylamines. Also, hycanthone (a benzylic alcohol), alpha-hydroxytamoxifen (an allylic alcohol), 1'-hydroxysafrole (an allylic/benzylic alcohol), and 2-nitropropane are activated to genotoxicants by sulfotransferases. Various reactive sulfate conjugates show strong mutagenic effects only when they are generated directly within the indicator cell, due to their inefficient penetration of cell membranes. In other cases, secondary membrane-penetrating reactive species are formed from sulfuric acid esters by displacement reactions with medium components, such as chloride or amino acids. Reaction with water regenerates the alcohol, which becomes available for a new cycle of activation. Different sulfotransferases from the same species as well as related forms from rat and human differ in their substrate specificities and tissue distributions. These characteristics and reactivities of the sulfate conjugates formed may explain organotropic effects of the compounds activated via sulfotransferases.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Sulfation and Sulfotransferases

Introduction:
Sulfation is a chemical process that involves the addition of a sulfate group to a molecule. This process is essential in the biotransformation of xenobiotics, which are foreign substances that enter the body. Sulfation is traditionally associated with the inactivation of these substances, but it can also lead to the formation of electrophilic cations in some cases. Sulfotransferases are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of sulfate groups from donor molecules to acceptor molecules. They play a crucial role in the bioactivation of mutagens, which are substances that cause mutations in living organisms.

Objectives:
The objectives of this lesson are to understand the role of sulfation and sulfotransferases in the bioactivation of mutagens, to identify the types of molecules that can be activated by sulfotransferases, and to learn about the mechanisms involved in the formation of genotoxicants.

Section 1: Sulfation and Sulfotransferases

Topic 1: What is sulfation?
Sulfation is the process of adding a sulfate group (-SO4) to a molecule. It is a common final step in the biotransformation of xenobiotics.

Topic 2: What is a sulfotransferase?
A sulfotransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a sulfate group from a donor molecule to an acceptor molecule. They play a crucial role in the bioactivation of mutagens.

Topic 3: How does sulfotransferase-mediated activation occur?
Sulfotransferases can activate various benzylic alcohols derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydroxylamines. The sulfate group added to these molecules makes them electrophilic, which can lead to the formation of genotoxicants.

Section 2: Types of Molecules Activated by Sulfotransferases

Topic 1: What types of molecules can be activated by sulfotransferases?
Sulfotransferases can activate various benzylic alcohols, allylic alcohols, and allylic/benzylic alcohols. Some examples include hycanthone, alpha-hydroxytamoxifen, 1'-hydroxysafrole, and 2-nitropropane.

Section 3: Mechanisms Involved in the Formation of Genotoxicants

Topic 1: How do sulfotransferases form genotoxicants?
Sulfotransferases can form genotoxicants by adding a sulfate group to a molecule, which makes it electrophilic. The electrophilic cation can then react with DNA, leading to the formation of genotoxicants.

Topic 2: What are the consequences of genotoxicant formation?
The formation of genotoxicants can lead to mutations in living organisms. These mutations can cause various diseases, including cancer.

Conclusion:
In summary, sulfation and sulfotransferases play a crucial role in the bioactivation of mutagens. By understanding the mechanisms involved in the formation of genotoxicants, we can better understand the potential risks associated with exposure to certain substances. This knowledge can help us develop strategies to reduce the risk of mutation-related diseases.

Glossary:
- Sulfation: The process of adding a sulfate group to a molecule.
- Sulfotransferase: An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a sulfate group from a donor molecule to an acceptor molecule.
- Mutagen: A substance that causes mutations in living organisms.
- Genotoxicant: A substance that causes damage to DNA, leading to mutations.
- Electrophilic: A substance that attracts electrons.
- Cation: A positively charged ion.


text: .”. In 1908, Pathé launched and distributed newsreels and by World War I, films were meeting an enormous need for mass entertainment. “In the first decade of the [20. For example, while some cultures regard any dancing by women as “the most shameful form of entertainment”,. In Ireland, the Public Dance Hall Act of 1935 “banned – but did not stop – dancing at the crossroads and other popular dance forms such as house and barn dances.”. In the US, various dances have been banned, either because like burlesque, they were suggestive, or because, like the Twist, they were associated with African Americans. “African American dancers were typically banned from performing in minstrel shows until after the Civil War.”. Sport. A comparable multi-stage, long-form sport with global appeal is the Tour de France, unusual in that it takes place outside of special stadia, being run instead in the countryside... Comment Here!

textbook:
Lesson: The History and Impact of Entertainment on Society

### Introduction
Entertainment has been a part of human society for thousands of years. It has evolved from simple forms of storytelling and music to more complex forms such as movies, television shows, and video games. In this lesson, we will explore the history of entertainment, its impact on society, and how it has changed over time.

### Section 1: The History of Entertainment

Entertainment can be traced back to ancient civilizations such as Greece and Rome, where plays and performances were held in public spaces. However, it was not until the invention of the printing press in the 15th century that mass production of books and pamphlets began, leading to an increase in literacy and the spread of ideas.

In the 19th century, the invention of the phonograph allowed people to record and play back sound, paving the way for the development of recorded music. Later, the invention of the cinema in the early 20th century revolutionized the entertainment industry, bringing moving images to audiences around the world.

### Section 2: The Impact of Entertainment on Society

Entertainment has had a significant impact on society throughout history. It has shaped cultural values, attitudes, and beliefs. For example, during the Victorian era, theater was often used as a means of social commentary and political critique. Similarly, during the 1960s, rock music became a symbol of rebellion and counterculture.

Entertainment has also played a role in shaping social norms and behaviors. For instance, the portrayal of women in media has influenced societal views on gender roles and expectations. Additionally, the depiction of violence in movies and video games has been linked to increased aggressive behavior among young people.

### Section 3: Changes in Entertainment Over Time

As technology has advanced, so too has the entertainment industry. The rise of digital media has led to new forms of entertainment such as streaming services and social media platforms. These platforms allow for greater accessibility and personalization of content, allowing individuals to consume media on their own terms.

Furthermore, advancements in virtual reality technology have opened up new possibilities for immersive entertainment experiences. Video games, for example, have evolved from simple arcade games to complex, story-driven experiences with lifelike graphics and realistic physics.

### Conclusion

In conclusion, entertainment has played a significant role in shaping society and culture throughout history. From ancient storytelling to modern-day media, entertainment has evolved to meet the changing needs and desires of audiences. By understanding the history and impact of entertainment, we can better appreciate its power to shape our experiences and perspectives.


text: Lyndal Frollano is an award-winning and passionate creative director and artist/illustrator who has been at the forefront of Australia’s leading women’s brands for the past 19 years. Lyndal’s experience, both here and internationally, has seen her work on such esteemed titles as Vogue, Marie-Claire, Elle Decoration, Vogue LIVING and Harper’s BAZAAR Australia, where she was creative director for more than 10 years. During this time, Lyndal drove the direction of the esteemed global BAZAAR brand to prestigious new heights, winning numerous design awards including Designer of the year, Magazine of the year, and Best Use of Photography.. Working in the pressurised publishing environment equipped Lyndal with the skills to develop concepts quickly, balance commercial reality with creative freedom and to be able to communicate a very clear, consistent message to readers.. lyndalfrollano@gmail.com. +(614) 04 036 314

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Creative Direction

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of creative direction and its importance in the world of fashion and design.

**Introduction:** Lyndal Frollano is an award-winning creative director who has made significant contributions to the fashion industry. She has worked on several esteemed magazines, including Vogue, Marie-Claire, Elle Decoration, Vogue LIVING, and Harper's BAZAAR Australia. In this lesson, we will explore what creative direction entails and why it is essential in the fashion industry.

**Section 1: What is Creative Direction?**

Creative direction refers to the process of guiding and overseeing the visual style and message of a project, campaign, or magazine. It involves creating a cohesive and consistent look and feel that aligns with the brand's identity.

**Questions and Answers:**
- What is creative direction?
- Why is creative direction important in the fashion industry?

**Section 2: Importance of Creative Direction in the Fashion Industry**

Creative direction plays a crucial role in the fashion industry, as it helps create a unique and memorable image for a brand. It ensures that the brand's message is conveyed effectively to the target audience, which is essential in a highly competitive market.

**Questions and Answers:**
- Why is creative direction important in the fashion industry?
- How does creative direction help a brand stand out in a competitive market?

**Section 3: Skills Required for Creative Direction**

To be an effective creative director, one must possess several skills, including excellent communication, visual storytelling, and problem-solving abilities. They must also have a deep understanding of design principles, trends, and technologies.

**Questions and Answers:**
- What skills are required for creative direction?
- How can one develop these skills?

**Conclusion:**

In conclusion, creative direction is a vital aspect of the fashion industry, as it helps create a unique and memorable image for a brand. By understanding the importance of creative direction and developing the necessary skills, one can excel in this field and contribute significantly to the industry.

**Glossary:**

- Creative Direction: The process of guiding and overseeing the visual style and message of a project, campaign, or magazine.
- Brand Identity: The unique image and personality of a brand, which differentiates it from its competitors.
- Visual Storytelling: The art of creating a narrative through visual elements, such as images, videos, and graphics.

**Self-Debating Discussion:**

- How has the role of creative direction evolved over time?
- What are some examples of successful creative direction in the fashion industry?


text: New$2.64 + GST. As low as $2.10 + GST. Unbranded pricing. Branding available.. Reference: LL4383. Description. Super bright COB torch with soft feel rubber coating and handy carry strap. Easy to use silicone on/off button. Powered by 3AAA batteries which are included.. Minimum Order Quantity. 100. Unbranded Pricing. Buy 250 for $2.56 and save 3%. Buy 500 for $2.40 and save 9%. Buy 1000 for $2.25 and save 15%. Buy 2500 for $2.10 and save 20%. Colours. Red, Light Green, Dark Blue, Black. Dimensions. Torch: 96mmL x 32mmD; Strap: 100mmL. Material. Abs body, polyester strap, silicone on/off button.. Branding OptionsPad Print: 28 x 19mm (LxH). $3.76 As low as $3.12. $0.80 As low as $0.73. $5.76 As low as $4.93. New$3.14 As low as $2.60

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Cost Analysis

## Section 1: Theory
In this lesson, we will learn about cost analysis, which is the process of identifying, measuring, and reporting costs. Costs are expenses that a business incurs to produce goods or services. By understanding and analyzing these costs, businesses can make informed decisions about pricing strategies, budgeting, and profitability.

## Section 2: Practice
Let's consider an example. Suppose a company produces a torch light that costs $2.64 to produce. The company wants to sell the torch at a higher price to make a profit. How much higher should they sell it for?

To determine this, we need to first calculate the profit margin. Profit margin is the percentage of sales income that represents the profit earned after accounting for all expenses. In this case, let's assume the profit margin is 40%.

Profit Margin = (Selling Price - Cost Price) / Selling Price

We can rearrange this formula to find the selling price:

Selling Price = Cost Price + (Profit Margin * Cost Price)

Using the given cost price of $2.64 and a profit margin of 40%, we can calculate the selling price:

Selling Price = $2.64 + (0.40 * $2.64)
Selling Price = $2.64 + $1.056
Selling Price = $3.696

So, the company should sell the torch for at least $3.696 to make a 40% profit on each unit sold.

## Section 3: Debate
Is it always a good idea for companies to increase their prices to make more profit?

Argument for: Companies need to make a profit to stay in business and continue producing products or services. If they do not charge enough, they may end up losing money.

Argument against: If companies raise their prices too high, customers may choose to buy from competitors instead. This could lead to decreased sales and revenue for the company. Additionally, customers may perceive the company as greedy or uncaring if they prioritize profits over affordability.

Glossary:
- Cost analysis: The process of identifying, measuring, and reporting costs.
- Cost price: The amount of money it costs a company to produce a product or service.
- Profit margin: The percentage of sales income that represents the profit earned after accounting for all expenses.

Conclusion: Understanding cost analysis is crucial for businesses to make informed decisions about pricing strategies, budgeting, and profitability. By analyzing costs, companies can ensure they are charging an appropriate price for their products or services while still making a profit.


text: Do you love golden color? Why do not you faint, it’s the most expensive of all colors in the world! We have created a list of many different Do-It-Yourself projects that will help you to layer this luxurious family home.. But keep that in mind that the other decor that completes it must have harmonious colors in order to keep the golden color beautiful. Gold color is an excellent color but it can not be said to be a color that can match all other colors. As long as there are neutral colors like black or white around it, it can show the brightness of gold color..

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Color Theory

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Color theory is the study of how colors interact and how they can be combined to create visually pleasing designs. It includes three primary colors: red, blue, and yellow, which can be mixed to create secondary colors: green, orange, and purple. Additionally, color theory includes tertiary colors, which are created by combining primary and secondary colors.

### Section 2: Practical Examples
Color theory is applied in various fields such as fashion, graphic design, interior design, and painting. For example, in fashion, designers use color theory to create complementary outfits that look good together. In graphic design, color schemes are used to create eye-catching visuals that attract attention. In interior design, color theory helps in selecting the right colors for a room that will create a cohesive look.

### Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Color theory can also be applied in everyday life. For instance, when choosing clothes, one can use color theory to select items that will complement each other. Similarly, when decorating a room, one can use color theory to select colors that will create a harmonious look.

### Glossary
- Primary colors: red, blue, and yellow
- Secondary colors: green, orange, and purple
- Tertiary colors: created by combining primary and secondary colors

### Conclusion
Color theory is a fundamental concept in art and design. By understanding how colors interact and how to combine them, one can create visually appealing designs. This skill is applicable in various fields, including fashion, graphic design, and interior design. By applying color theory in everyday life, one can create cohesive looks that are aesthetically pleasing.


text: Legacy 627. Regular price. $10.00. $10.99. Sale. Cascadia, September 2133. On her 30th birthday, Alex Glover, Cascadian Intelligence Mission Agent, comes into possession of a unique journal that once belonged to a young American woman. On that day she also becomes the target of an American military determined to possess the journal—and the secret it contains—for themselves.. How the journal came to be in Cascadia is just one of the mysteries Alex and the CIMA-2 team must solve before they find themselves in a race against both time and the determined Americans as they embark upon a mission that takes them from Cascadia to Atlanta and across the American South.. Their mission: rescue one of their own being detained by the American FBI and recover and destroy a deadly substance that has already killed nearly a dozen people—a substance the Americans are eager to obtain and weaponize.. Millions of lives are at risk.Failure is not an option.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Cryptography

### Overview

Cryptography is the practice of secure communication in the presence of third parties. It is used to protect sensitive information such as passwords, credit card numbers, and other personal data. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of cryptography, including its history, how it works, and its applications.

### Section 1: Introduction to Cryptography

Cryptography is the practice of secure communication in the presence of third parties. It is used to protect sensitive information such as passwords, credit card numbers, and other personal data. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of cryptography, including its history, how it works, and its applications.

### Section 2: History of Cryptography

Cryptography has been used for centuries to protect sensitive information. One of the earliest known examples of cryptography was found on a clay tablet from ancient Egypt around 1900 BC. Since then, cryptography has been used by many civilizations, including the Greeks, Romans, and Chinese. During World War II, cryptography played a crucial role in protecting military communications. Today, cryptography is used in everything from online banking to secure messaging apps.

### Section 3: How Cryptography Works

Cryptography works by converting plaintext into ciphertext using an algorithm and a key. The algorithm scrambles the message so that it cannot be read without the key. There are two main types of cryptography: symmetric and asymmetric. Symmetric cryptography uses the same key for both encrypting and decrypting messages, while asymmetric cryptography uses two different keys - one for encryption and one for decryption.

### Section 4: Applications of Cryptography

Cryptography has many applications, including:

1. Secure communication: Cryptography is used to protect sensitive information sent over the internet, such as online banking transactions.
2. Digital signatures: Cryptography can be used to verify the authenticity of digital documents.
3. Secure messaging apps: Many messaging apps use cryptography to protect messages from being intercepted by third parties.
4. Secure email: Cryptography can be used to encrypt email messages so that only the intended recipient can read them.
5. Secure file sharing: Cryptography can be used to protect files from being accessed by unauthorized users.

### Section 5: Conclusion

In conclusion, cryptography is a powerful tool for protecting sensitive information. By understanding the basics of cryptography, we can better understand how to keep our personal data safe from prying eyes.


text:
Mechanisms of electron transport through bellows-shaped fullerene tubes.
A bellows-shaped fullerene tube is featured by diameter modulation along the tube, where C60 molecules polymerize with tubular linkages between the molecules. The electronic structures of two types of bellows-shaped fullerene tube are theoretically found to exhibit band gaps indicating semiconducting characteristics. Although the effective masses of the conduction states of the two tubes are similar, these states have different spatial distributions. One of the two tubes is expected to exhibit thermally assisted electron transport.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Electron Transport

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of electron transport and its applications in various fields.

**Grade Level:** Primary through High School

**Duration:** 1 hour

**Materials:** None

**Introduction:** Electron transport refers to the movement of electrons through a material, typically from a region of higher electron concentration to a region of lower electron concentration. This process is essential in many technologies we use today, such as transistors, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of electron transport and how it works in different materials.

**Section 1: Theoretical Concepts**

1. What is electron transport?
Electron transport is the process by which electrons move through a material from a region of higher electron concentration to a region of lower electron concentration. This movement is typically driven by an electric field or a temperature gradient.

2. What are the different types of electron transport?
There are two main types of electron transport: thermally assisted electron transport and electron transport under the influence of an electric field. Thermally assisted electron transport occurs when the energy required to excite an electron to a higher energy state is provided by thermal energy. On the other hand, electron transport under the influence of an electric field occurs when an external electric field is used to drive the movement of electrons.

3. Why is electron transport important?
Electron transport is important because it is the basis for many modern technologies. For example, transistors, which are used in computers and other electronic devices, rely on electron transport to switch between different states. Similarly, solar cells and LEDs depend on electron transport to convert sunlight into electricity and to produce light, respectively.

**Section 2: Practical Examples**

1. How does electron transport work in a transistor?
In a transistor, electron transport is used to control the flow of electric current between different parts of the device. When a small voltage is applied to the gate of the transistor, it creates an electric field that attracts or repels electrons in the channel region, effectively controlling the flow of current between the source and drain.

2. How does electron transport work in a solar cell?
In a solar cell, electron transport is used to convert sunlight into electricity. When sunlight hits the surface of the solar cell, it excites electrons in the material, causing them to move and create an electric current. This current is collected at the top and bottom of the solar cell, creating a voltage that can be used to power electronic devices.

3. How does electron transport work in an LED?
In an LED, electron transport is used to produce light. When an electron is excited to a higher energy state by absorbing a photon of light, it leaves behind a hole in the material. This hole can then move through the material and recombine with another electron, producing a photon of light in the process.

**Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions**

1. What factors affect electron transport in a material?
The electron transport properties of a material depend on several factors, including the material's band structure, temperature, and impurities. For example, materials with a larger band gap tend to have lower electron mobility, while materials with a smaller band gap tend to have higher electron mobility. Similarly, higher temperatures can increase the number of thermally excited electrons, leading to increased electron transport.

2. How can we improve electron transport in materials?
There are several ways to improve electron transport in materials, including doping the material with specific elements to modify its band structure, and using nanostructures to create a more efficient path for electrons to travel. Additionally, researchers are exploring new materials, such as graphene and other two-dimensional materials, which have unique electron transport properties.

**Conclusion:**
In conclusion, electron transport is a fundamental process that underlies many modern technologies. By understanding the basic principles of electron transport and how it works in different materials, we can develop new and improved devices that harness the power of electron transport to meet our needs.


text: One of the greatest benefits of cross-functional teams is the diversity of viewpoints, experience, and backgrounds among team members. But this can also prove to be their biggest weakness if not managed properly. Negative interpersonal dynamics can steer the work of a cross-functional team off-track quickly and irreversibly, jeopardizing its great potential. This course explains how to head off interpersonal problems by facilitating open communication and handling meetings effectively. It also outlines how to resolve conflicts when they do arise in a cross-functional team.. Anyone who wants to develop or refine skills for developing, utilizing, managing, and leading cross-functional teams within their organization. 60 Minutes. 365 Days

textbook:
Lesson: Managing Interpersonal Dynamics in Cross-Functional Teams

Introduction:
One of the greatest benefits of cross-functional teams is the diversity of viewpoints, experience, and backgrounds among team members. However, this can also prove to be their biggest weakness if not managed properly. Negative interpersonal dynamics can steer the work of a cross-functional team off-track quickly and irreversibly, jeopardizing its great potential. This lesson will explain how to head off interpersonal problems by facilitating open communication and handling meetings effectively. It will also outline how to resolve conflicts when they do arise in a cross-functional team.

Section 1: Facilitating Open Communication

Topic 1: Encouraging Active Listening
- Why is active listening important in a cross-functional team?
- How can team members encourage active listening?
- What are some common barriers to active listening?
- How can these barriers be overcome?

Topic 2: Creating a Safe Environment for Feedback
- Why is a safe environment for feedback important in a cross-functional team?
- How can team members create a safe environment for feedback?
- What are some common fears that prevent team members from giving feedback?
- How can these fears be addressed?

Topic 3: Using Appreciative Inquiry
- What is appreciative inquiry?
- How can appreciative inquiry be used in a cross-functional team?
- What are the benefits of using appreciative inquiry?
- How can team members implement appreciative inquiry in their daily work?

Section 2: Handling Meetings Effectively

Topic 1: Setting Meeting Agendas
- Why is it important to set meeting agendas?
- How can team members set effective meeting agendas?
- What should be included in a meeting agenda?
- How can team members ensure that all necessary topics are covered?

Topic 2: Facilitating Productive Discussions
- What is the role of the facilitator in a cross-functional team meeting?
- How can team members facilitate productive discussions?
- What are some common pitfalls to avoid when facilitating discussions?
- How can team members ensure that all voices are heard during discussions?

Topic 3: Managing Conflict During Meetings
- Why do conflicts arise during meetings?
- How can team members manage conflict during meetings?
- What are some common strategies for managing conflict?
- How can team members ensure that conflicts are resolved effectively?

Section 3: Resolving Conflicts

Topic 1: Recognizing Conflict
- What are the signs of conflict in a cross-functional team?
- How can team members recognize conflict before it escalates?
- What are some common causes of conflict in a cross-functional team?
- How can team members address these causes before they lead to conflict?

Topic 2: Managing Conflict
- What is the best approach to managing conflict in a cross-functional team?
- How can team members manage conflict effectively?
- What are some common mistakes to avoid when managing conflict?
- How can team members ensure that conflicts are resolved fairly and efficiently?

Topic 3: Moving Forward After Conflict
- How can team members move forward after resolving conflict?
- What is the importance of forgiveness and reconciliation in a cross-functional team?
- How can team members ensure that conflicts do not reoccur?
- What is the role of the leader in moving forward after conflict?

Conclusion:
By following the guidelines outlined in this lesson, team members can facilitate open communication, handle meetings effectively, and resolve conflicts when they do arise in a cross-functional team. These skills are essential for harnessing the great potential of cross-functional teams and ensuring their success.

Glossary:
- Active listening: Paying attention to and processing information from others while also considering their feelings and perspectives.
- Appreciative inquiry: A framework for inquiry that searches for the best in people, organizations, and situations, focusing on strengths and potential rather than weaknesses and problems.
- Cross-functional team: A group of individuals with diverse skills and backgrounds who come together to solve a specific problem or achieve a common goal.
- Facilitator: A person who helps a group of people to work together more effectively by supporting their interactions and guiding them towards their common goal.


text: Project number: 2019-1-PL01-KA204-065130. Project Duration: 01.10.2019 – 30.09.2021. 4.0 ANDCOM wants to increase visibility, awareness and the ability to the use Industry Solutions in education of low-skilled adults.. The project aims to introduce a new approach to the education of low-skilled and low qualified adults, developing competences in andragogs (adult educators).. ANDCOM 4.0 consortium is built of partners from a variety of geographical and professional backgrounds to ensure the successful implementation of this multilevel project. All project results will be available as Open Educational Resources in the seven languages of the partnership, apart from English.. We have scheduled the project for 24 months implementation.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Industry Solutions for Low-Skilled Adults

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Industry solutions refer to pre-built software applications that are tailored to meet specific industry needs. These solutions are designed to address common business challenges and streamline processes in various industries, such as manufacturing, healthcare, and retail. In this lesson, we will explore the benefits of using industry solutions for low-skilled adults and how they can improve their employability.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's consider an example of a manufacturing company that uses an industry solution to manage its production process. This solution allows the company to automate tasks such as inventory management, order processing, and quality control. By using this solution, the company can reduce errors and improve productivity, leading to cost savings and higher profitability.

Similarly, in the healthcare industry, an electronic health record (EHR) system is an example of an industry solution that helps healthcare providers to manage patient data, schedule appointments, and maintain medical records. This solution streamlines the workflow and improves patient care by providing easy access to critical information.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

Now, let's imagine a scenario where a low-skilled adult named John wants to learn how to use an industry solution to improve his job prospects. John works in the retail industry, and he wants to learn how to use a point-of-sale (POS) system to manage sales and inventory. By learning how to use this industry solution, John can become more efficient in his work and add value to his employer.

To help John learn, we can provide him with training materials and resources that cover the basics of POS systems, such as how to set up products, process transactions, and generate reports. We can also provide him with real-world examples of how POS systems are used in retail businesses to manage inventory and sales.

## Section 4: Self-Debating Discussions

Now, let's engage in a self-debating discussion. What are the benefits of using industry solutions for low-skilled adults? How can they improve their job prospects by learning how to use these solutions? What are some potential challenges that they may face when learning how to use these solutions?

## Conclusion

In conclusion, industry solutions offer significant benefits for low-skilled adults who want to improve their job prospects. By learning how to use these solutions, they can become more efficient and valuable employees. However, they may face challenges such as a lack of technical knowledge or resistance to change. Nonetheless, with proper training and support, low-skilled adults can successfully learn how to use industry solutions and enhance their career opportunities.


text: There are well over 100 species of bird on our place, including the incredible lyrebird that can mimic motors, chainsaws, and most bird calls. They will join one bird call to the next and sing happily with endless variations. I have more than once run out of the garden to answer the phone...which turned out to be the bird!. Most of the bird photos are of wild birds that either come up to feed on some birdseed I put out, or do not look carefully enough and slam into our windows, which is a stunning experience. For this reason I do not like the windows to be sparkling clean, as the birds cannot see the glass and they break their necks if they are going too fast and on the wrong angle. See my poem 'Cleaning Windows'

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Birds

**Introduction**

Birds are fascinating creatures that have captured the hearts of people all around the world. In this lesson, we will learn about the different types of birds, their behaviors, and how they interact with their environment. We will also explore the importance of birds in our ecosystem and how we can help protect them.

**Section 1: Types of Birds**

There are many different types of birds, and they can be classified in several ways. One common way to classify birds is by their physical characteristics, such as size, color, and shape. Another way to classify birds is by their behavior, such as whether they are migratory or non-migratory, or whether they live in flocks or alone.

**Section 2: Bird Behaviors**

Birds have many interesting behaviors that make them unique. For example, some birds are known for their ability to mimic other sounds, such as the lyrebird mentioned in the input text. Other birds, such as hummingbirds, are able to hover in mid-air while they feed on nectar. Some birds, like penguins, are adapted to live in cold climates and have special feathers that help them stay warm.

**Section 3: Birds and the Ecosystem**

Birds play an important role in our ecosystem. They help to control insect populations, pollinate plants, and spread seeds. In addition, many birds are indicators of environmental health, meaning that if certain bird populations decline, it may be a sign that something is wrong with the ecosystem.

**Section 4: Protecting Birds**

As humans, we can take steps to protect birds and their habitats. This can include planting trees and bushes that provide shelter and food for birds, reducing the use of pesticides, and supporting organizations that work to protect bird populations.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, birds are fascinating creatures that are an important part of our ecosystem. By learning about their behaviors and habitats, we can appreciate them even more and take steps to protect them.

**Glossary**

- Migratory: refers to birds that travel long distances to different regions at different times of the year
- Non-migratory: refers to birds that do not travel long distances and remain in the same region year-round
- Flock: a group of birds that fly together
- Adapted: refers to a creature that has changed or developed certain traits to better survive in its environment
- Indicator species: a type of organism whose presence, abundance, or behavior is used to measure the condition of its environment.

**Self-Debate Discussion**

What can you do to help protect bird populations? Are there any local bird species that are considered indicator species? How might changes in the environment affect these indicator species?


text: The Guard Charge. From the desk of Rod Fletcher, Headmaster:. Since the time my own boys were very little I have blessed them each night before they went to bed. I always end my blessing with “Live Pure, Speak True, Right Wrong, Serve Others, Follow the King.” This year at Brook Hill we have adopted that blessing as the “Guard Charge.” This charge is posted in the school hallways, has been sent home in the lower school Thursday folders, has been placed in each middle and upper school student locker, is recited as a student body at chapel each week, is addressed regularly by the speakers in chapel, is discussed by teachers in class, and will be a focus of the senior trip next week.. I recently heard leadership expert, John Maxwell say, “people grow into the conversations around them.” I bless my own children each night hoping that they grow into that blessing. My hope and prayer for the Brook Hill students is that they will grow into the words of the “Guard Charge.”

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Living a Pure Life

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the importance of living a pure life. We will define purity, discuss its benefits, and provide practical examples of how to live a pure life. This lesson is suitable for primary through high school students.

Section 1: Definition of Purity
Purity refers to the state of being free from any impurity or contamination. In the context of this lesson, we will focus on the purity of our thoughts, actions, and words.

Section 2: Benefits of Living a Pure Life
Living a pure life has numerous benefits. Some of these benefits include:
- Improved mental health: When we live a pure life, we reduce stress and anxiety, which can lead to improved mental health.
- Stronger relationships: When we are pure in our thoughts, actions, and words, we build stronger relationships with others.
- Increased self-respect: Living a pure life leads to increased self-respect, as we know that we are living in alignment with our values.

Section 3: Practical Examples of Living a Pure Life
There are many practical ways to live a pure life. Some examples include:
- Thinking positive thoughts: When we think positive thoughts, we reduce negative emotions such as anger and resentment.
- Avoiding gossip: When we avoid gossip, we protect ourselves from negative emotions and build stronger relationships with others.
- Speaking truthfully: When we speak truthfully, we build trust with others and reduce the risk of misunderstandings.

Section 4: Self-Debate Discussion
Why is it important to live a pure life? What are some challenges that we may face when trying to live a pure life? How can we overcome these challenges?

Section 5: Conclusion
Living a pure life is essential for our mental health, relationships, and self-respect. By following the "Guard Charge" and focusing on purity in our thoughts, actions, and words, we can lead a more fulfilling life.


text: Serving Franklin, Gasconade and Warren Counties.. If you ask a Scotsman to name influential Scottish writers, Neil Gunn (1891-1973) will be on the list. A Highland native, he wrote about ordinary people trying to live ordinary lives in extraordinary circumstances. Butcher's Broom tells the story of one settlement unsettled by the Napoleonic Wars and the Highland Clearances. The first quarter of the book is more poetry than prose and gives a wonderful feel of life in the 19th century Scottish Highlands. Though not named, the real life villians of the story are the Duke and Duchess of Sutherland who displaced thousands of people in order to turn their land over to more profitable sheep farming. This book is a fine piece of historical fiction.. © 2012 Scenic Regional Library. 308 Hawthorne Drive. Union, Missouri 63084. (636) 583-3224. Paid for with a grant from the

textbook:
Lesson: Historical Fiction

Introduction:
Historical fiction is a genre that combines history and fiction to create a compelling story. It is an excellent way to learn about history because it makes the past come alive. In this lesson, we will explore the elements of historical fiction and learn how to analyze and evaluate these stories.

Section 1: What is Historical Fiction?
Historical fiction is a type of fiction that takes place in the past. It may include real historical events and figures, but it also includes made-up characters and events. The setting, characters, and events in historical fiction are all based on research about the time period.

Section 2: Elements of Historical Fiction
Historical fiction often includes elements such as:

1. Setting: The time and place where the story takes place.
2. Characters: The people who live, work, or interact in the setting.
3. Plot: The series of events that make up the story.
4. Theme: The underlying message or meaning of the story.
5. Research: The author’s use of historical facts, events, and cultural context to make the story believable and accurate.

Section 3: Analyzing Historical Fiction
To analyze historical fiction, we can ask questions such as:

1. How does the author use historical facts and events to make the story believable?
2. How do the characters reflect the culture, society, or politics of the time period?
3. What theme or message does the author convey through the story?
4. How does the plot develop and how does it relate to the historical context?

Section 4: Evaluating Historical Fiction
We can evaluate historical fiction by considering factors such as:

1. Accuracy: How well does the author capture the historical context and events?
2. Credibility: How believable are the characters and events?
3. Impact: Does the story have a lasting effect on the reader?
4. Clarity: Is the story easy to understand and follow?

Glossary:
- Historical fiction: A genre of fiction that takes place in the past and includes real historical events and figures.
- Setting: The time and place where the story takes place.
- Characters: The people who live, work, or interact in the setting.
- Plot: The series of events that make up the story.
- Theme: The underlying message or meaning of the story.
- Research: The author’s use of historical facts, events, and cultural context to make the story believable and accurate.

Conclusion:
Historical fiction is a fascinating genre that allows us to learn about history while being entertained by a good story. By analyzing and evaluating historical fiction, we can gain a deeper understanding of the past and its impact on our present.


text: Simon Roth Quote. Tom Chaplin is an excellent and instinctive teacher. He combines an in depth technical knowledge with an artists approach to picture taking. He is patient, very personable and extremely adaptable; he will give all the necessary time and direction to a beginner whilst leaving the more seasoned photographers to do their own thing. I think Tom is one is one of the rising stars in photography who, in addition to his many diverse photographic skills, clearly loves teaching.. - Simon Roth

textbook:
Core Value: Teaching

Lesson: How to Teach Effectively

Introduction: Teaching is an essential skill that can help others learn and grow. Whether you are a professional teacher or simply someone who wants to share your knowledge with others, it is crucial to know how to teach effectively. In this lesson, we will explore the key principles of effective teaching and provide practical examples of how to apply them.

Section 1: Understanding Your Audience

Topic 1: Assessing Your Students' Prior Knowledge
- Why is it essential to understand your students' prior knowledge before starting a lesson?
- How can you assess your students' prior knowledge?
- Example: Before starting a lesson on basic algebra, the teacher asks students to write down everything they know about algebra. This helps the teacher understand what concepts the students already know and what they need to learn.

Topic 2: Adapting Your Teaching Style to Your Audience
- What factors should you consider when adapting your teaching style to your audience?
- How can you adapt your teaching style to accommodate different learning styles?
- Example: Some students may prefer visual aids, while others may prefer hands-on activities. A good teacher will use a variety of teaching methods to cater to different learning styles.

Topic 3: Creating a Positive Learning Environment
- Why is creating a positive learning environment important?
- How can you create a positive learning environment?
- Example: A positive learning environment can be created by establishing classroom rules, encouraging participation, and providing constructive feedback.

Section 2: Planning Your Lessons

Topic 1: Setting Clear Learning Objectives
- Why is it essential to set clear learning objectives?
- How can you set clear learning objectives?
- Example: The teacher writes down specific learning objectives for each lesson, such as "By the end of this lesson, students will be able to solve linear equations."

Topic 2: Choosing Appropriate Activities
- What types of activities can you use to teach effectively?
- How can you choose appropriate activities for your lesson?
- Example: Depending on the topic, the teacher might choose to use group work, role-playing, or interactive games to engage students and facilitate learning.

Topic 3: Evaluating Your Lessons
- How can you evaluate your lessons to determine their effectiveness?
- What types of assessments can you use to evaluate your lessons?
- Example: The teacher might give a quiz at the end of the lesson to assess students' understanding of the material.

Section 3: Teaching Strategies

Topic 1: Modeling Effective Teaching Strategies
- What strategies can you use to model effective teaching?
- How can you model these strategies for your students?
- Example: The teacher demonstrates how to solve a problem step by step, allowing students to see the thought process behind the solution.

Topic 2: Encouraging Active Learning
- How can you encourage active learning in your students?
- What strategies can you use to promote active learning?
- Example: The teacher might ask open-ended questions, encourage students to participate in discussions, and provide opportunities for students to apply their knowledge to real-world situations.

Topic 3: Providing Constructive Feedback
- Why is providing constructive feedback important?
- How can you provide constructive feedback to your students?
- Example: The teacher provides specific feedback on assignments, highlighting what the student did well and areas where improvement is needed.

Conclusion: Teaching effectively requires an understanding of your audience, careful planning, and the ability to model effective teaching strategies. By applying the principles outlined in this lesson, you can become a more effective teacher and help your students reach their full potential.

Glossary:
- Prior Knowledge: The knowledge that students bring to a lesson
- Learning Styles: Different ways that individuals process information
- Classroom Rules: Guidelines for behavior that create a positive learning environment
- Learning Objectives: Specific, measurable goals for what students should learn in a lesson
- Activities: Tasks or exercises that facilitate learning
- Assessments: Evaluations used to determine students' understanding of a topic
- Model: To demonstrate or show an example of a particular behavior or strategy
- Active Learning: Engaging with the material in a hands-on or interactive way
- Constructive Feedback: Specific comments on performance that highlight strengths and areas for improvement.


text:
HARRISBURG, Pa. – The Pennsylvania Game Commission (PGC) was named QDMA’s (Quality Deer Management Association) Agency of the Year in an announcement made recently at the QDMA 2018 National Convention. Ian Gregg, Chief of the PGC Game Management Division, accepted the award. FULL ARTICLE

HARRISBURG, Pa. — Attorney General Josh Shapiro on Thursday encouraged Pennsylvania consumers to sign up for a new text alert system through his Bureau of Consumer Protection to raise their awareness about how to avoid becoming a victim of scams. FULL ARTICLE

WILKES-BARRE, Pa. – Governor Tom Wolf sat down on Wednesday with grandparents raising grandchildren as a result of the opioid epidemic, listening to their concerns and renewing his call for passage of legislation aimed at removing barriers to obtaining state services and supports. FULL ARTICLE

textbook:
## Lesson: Reading Comprehension

### Introduction

Reading comprehension is the ability to understand and interpret the meaning of written text. It is an essential skill for students to develop as they progress through school. In this lesson, we will learn how to improve our reading comprehension skills by analyzing news articles. We will focus on identifying the main idea, understanding the supporting details, and summarizing the text.

### Main Idea

The main idea of a text is the central message or theme that the author wants to convey. To find the main idea, we need to read the entire text and identify the most important point. This can be done by asking questions such as "What is the author trying to say?" or "What is the overall message of the text?"

### Supporting Details

Supporting details are the specific facts, examples, and evidence that help to explain and support the main idea. These details provide context and depth to the text. To identify supporting details, we need to look for examples, statistics, quotes, and other pieces of information that help to illustrate the main idea.

### Summary

Summarizing a text means to restate its main points in your own words. This helps to demonstrate understanding and retention of the material. To summarize a text, we need to read it carefully and then write a brief paragraph that captures the most important ideas.

### Examples

Let's analyze a news article to practice our reading comprehension skills.

#### News Article

HARRISBURG, Pa. - The Pennsylvania Game Commission (PGC) was named QDMA's (Quality Deer Management Association) Agency of the Year in an announcement made recently at the QDMA 2018 National Convention. Ian Gregg, Chief of the PGC Game Management Division, accepted the award.

#### Analysis

Main Idea: The Pennsylvania Game Commission was named Agency of the Year by the Quality Deer Management Association.

Supporting Details:
- The PGC was recognized for their work in managing deer populations.
- Ian Gregg, the Chief of the PGC Game Management Division, accepted the award.

Summary: The Pennsylvania Game Commission received an award from the Quality Deer Management Association for their work in managing deer populations.

### Conclusion

By analyzing news articles and practicing our reading comprehension skills, we can improve our ability to understand and interpret written text. This is an essential skill for students to develop as they progress through school and can help us to better understand and engage with the world around us.


text: Emojily - Privacy Policy. Thank you for using Emojily. This policy is here to help you understand if your information is being collected and in what way it is used. Your privacy is important to us and we take it seriously.. Let us start by saying, we do not collect, read or do anything with your private information. In order to use the Emojily 3rd party keyboard, users are required to allow "full access". We understand that there may be concern that we may be reading something that you have typed. That will never happen. We simply do not read, view or save anything that you have typed on your keyboard. Apple and Google requires us to allow "full access" to the 3rd party keyboard before it will function properly.. To sum it up, we do not access any of your information. If you have any concerns or questions, free free to email emojily@zepni.com and we would be happy to reply you.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Privacy Policies

## Section 1: What is a Privacy Policy?
A privacy policy is a document that explains how a company collects, uses, and protects the personal information of its customers. It is usually found on a website's footer or under a "legal" tab.

## Section 2: Why do companies have Privacy Policies?
Companies have privacy policies to be transparent about their data collection practices and to build trust with their customers. By having a clear and concise privacy policy, customers can make informed decisions about whether they want to do business with a company or not.

## Section 3: What information do Privacy Policies typically cover?
Privacy policies typically cover the following information:
1. What personal information the company collects
2. How the company collects the information
3. What the company does with the information
4. With whom the company shares the information
5. How the company protects the information
6. What rights customers have over their information

## Section 4: Understanding Privacy Policies
To understand a privacy policy, it is essential to read it carefully and ask questions if you do not understand something. Here are some questions you can ask when reading a privacy policy:
1. What personal information does the company collect?
2. How does the company collect the information?
3. What does the company do with the information?
4. With whom does the company share the information?
5. How does the company protect the information?
6. What rights do I have over my information?

## Section 5: Practical Examples
Let's say you are using an online shopping website. The website's privacy policy states that it collects your name, email address, and credit card information. It also states that it uses this information to process your orders and to communicate with you about your purchases. The policy further states that it does not share your information with any third parties except for the purpose of processing your payment information. Finally, the policy states that it uses encryption to protect your information.

Now let's say you are using a social media platform. The platform's privacy policy states that it collects your name, email address, and location information. It also states that it uses this information to personalize your experience on the platform and to show you relevant ads. The policy further states that it shares your information with its partners to help improve its services. Finally, the policy states that it uses cookies to track your activity on the platform.

## Section 6: Critical Thinking
When reading a privacy policy, it is essential to think critically about what you are reading. Ask yourself if the policy is clear and concise, and if it addresses your concerns. You should also consider if the policy is easy to understand or if it is filled with legal jargon. Additionally, you should think about if the policy's terms and conditions are reasonable and if they align with your values.

## Glossary
- Personal Information: Any information that can be used to identify a person, such as name, email address, or credit card information.
- Data Collection: The process of gathering personal information from customers.
- Privacy Policy: A document that explains how a company collects, uses, and protects the personal information of its customers.
- Transparency: The act of being open and honest about one's data collection practices.
- Trust: Confidence in a company's ability to handle personal information responsibly.
- Data Collection Practices: The methods a company uses to gather personal information from customers.
- Informed Decisions: The ability to make decisions based on complete and accurate information.
- Data Protection: The process of securing personal information from unauthorized access or theft.

## Conclusion
By understanding privacy policies, we can make informed decisions about our personal information. We can also hold companies accountable for their data collection practices and protect ourselves from potential harm.


text: Bike bells and horns are a great addition to your bike accessories. With stylist designs available, a bike bell will add a little personality to your bike and also increase your safety on the road. By alerting other road users and pedestrians with a quick hoot or ring helps them know exactly where you are and help prevent accidents to both parties.. Finance available on all baskets above £280. RRP: £3.45. Now £3.11. Now £3.99. RRP: £3.95. Now £3.56. RRP: £2.99. Now £2.69. Now £8.99. Now £15.99. RRP: £4.95. Now £4.46. Now £4.99. RRP: £3.99. Now £3.59. RRP: £34.99. Now £29.94. Now £26.00. Now £6.99. RRP: £9.99. Now £7.99. RRP: £5.99. Now £5.39. Now £7.49. RRP: £11.99. Now £9.49. RRP: £19.99. Now £19.98. Now £5.99. © 2013 Tredz LTD. All Rights Reserved | Company No. 05007919 | VAT No: 869 5481 64 | Terms and Conditions | Privacy and Cookie Policy

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Bike Bells and Horns

**Objective:** To understand the importance of bike bells and horns in cycling safety and how to choose the right one for your bike.

**Section 1: Theoretical Concepts**

- Bike bells and horns are essential cycling accessories that enhance safety on the road.
- They help alert other road users and pedestrians to your presence, reducing the risk of accidents.
- There are different types of bike bells and horns available, including those that produce a quick hoot or ring.

**Section 2: Practical Examples**

- Choose a bike bell or horn that suits your riding style and environment. For example, if you ride in a busy city, a loud horn may be more effective than a small bell.
- Consider the design of the bike bell or horn, as this can add personality to your bike while also serving a functional purpose.
- Make sure the bike bell or horn is easy to operate, so you can quickly alert others to your presence when needed.

**Section 3: Real-World Scenarios**

- Imagine you are riding your bike on a busy street with cars and pedestrians. A car driver suddenly opens their door without looking, putting you at risk of a "door prize." You quickly ring your bike bell, alerting the driver to your presence and avoiding a potentially dangerous situation.
- As you approach an intersection, a group of pedestrians steps off the curb into your path. You sound your bike horn, letting them know you are coming and giving them time to move safely out of the way.

**Glossary**

- Bike bell: A small device attached to a bike that produces a ringing sound when ridden.
- Bike horn: A device attached to a bike that produces a loud noise when pressed.
- Door prize: An accident caused by a car driver opening their door into the path of a cyclist.

**Conclusion**

By understanding the importance of bike bells and horns in cycling safety and how to choose the right one for your bike, you can enhance your safety on the road and reduce the risk of accidents. Remember to always use your bike bell or horn when necessary and choose a design that adds personality to your bike while also serving a functional purpose.


text: Questions & Answers. Q: What makes Grenier Financial Advisors different?. PAT: Our independence means we are completely objective. We can recommend whatever financial strategy we believe is the best for our client. Period. Because we get to know our clients as individuals, we can focus our research based on what we hear. And all of our clients get the same level of treatment, regardless of how much they have to invest; being independent gives us the freedom to do it that way.. Q: What is your first objective when meeting with a new client?.. Q: Do those early conversations also help you determine your client’s risk tolerance?. PAT: Absolutely. You can usually tell based on the lifestyle they lead. Do they like to travel? What are their spending habits and what are their hobbies…are they parachuters? Those details tell you a lot.. Q: What experience do you want your clients to have with you over the course of your investing relationship?.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Financial Advisors

Introduction:
Financial advisors play an essential role in helping individuals manage their money wisely. They provide guidance on investments, savings, and retirement planning. In this lesson, we will learn about the role of financial advisors, their objectives, and how they work with clients to achieve their financial goals.

Section 1: Understanding Financial Advisors

**Topic 1: What is a Financial Advisor?**
A financial advisor is a professional who provides expert advice on financial planning and management. They help individuals make informed decisions about their money by analyzing their financial situation and recommending appropriate investment strategies.

**Topic 2: What does a Financial Advisor do?**
A financial advisor works with clients to create a comprehensive financial plan that takes into account their current financial situation, future goals, and risk tolerance. They provide advice on investments such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and real estate. They also help clients save for retirement, pay off debts, and plan for taxes.

**Topic 3: How does a Financial Advisor get paid?**
Financial advisors typically earn a commission or fee for their services. Some charge a flat rate, while others receive a percentage of the assets they manage for clients. Some advisors also receive commissions from the companies whose products they sell to clients.

Section 2: Objectives of a Financial Advisor

**Topic 4: Independence**
One of the key objectives of a financial advisor is independence. This means that they are not affiliated with any particular company or product. Instead, they act solely in the best interest of their clients. This allows them to recommend any financial product or strategy that they believe is appropriate for their client's needs.

**Topic 5: Personalization**
Another objective of a financial advisor is personalization. They strive to get to know their clients as individuals so that they can tailor their research and recommendations to fit each client's unique financial situation. This includes taking into account factors such as their income, expenses, and lifestyle.

**Topic 6: Equal Treatment**
Financial advisors also aim to treat all their clients equally, regardless of how much money they have to invest. This means that they provide the same level of service and attention to all clients, regardless of their net worth.

Section 3: Working with a Financial Advisor

**Topic 7: First Meeting**
The first meeting between a financial advisor and a new client is an important one. During this meeting, the advisor will gather information about the client's financial situation, goals, and risk tolerance. They will also use this opportunity to explain their services and fees to the client.

**Topic 8: Determining Risk Tolerance**
During the initial meeting, the financial advisor will also assess the client's risk tolerance. This is important because it helps the advisor understand how much risk the client is willing to take in order to achieve their financial goals. Factors such as the client's lifestyle, spending habits, and hobbies can also provide clues about their risk tolerance.

**Topic 9: Creating a Comprehensive Plan**
Once the financial advisor has gathered information about the client's financial situation and risk tolerance, they will create a comprehensive financial plan that takes into account all of these factors. This plan will include investment recommendations, savings strategies, and retirement planning.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, financial advisors play a crucial role in helping individuals manage their money wisely. By understanding the objectives of a financial advisor, working with them to create a comprehensive plan, and staying informed about their financial situation, clients can achieve their financial goals and build a secure future.

Glossary:
- Financial Advisor: A professional who provides expert advice on financial planning and management.
- Objective: A goal or target that a financial advisor aims to achieve for their clients.
- Personalization: Tailoring financial advice and recommendations to fit each client's unique financial situation.
- Equal Treatment: Providing the same level of service and attention to all clients, regardless of their net worth.


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textbook:
Title: Real Estate Investment Lesson

## Lesson Overview
In this lesson, we will learn about real estate investment and the factors to consider when buying land or property. We will cover the importance of location, infrastructure, security, and other key factors that contribute to a successful investment. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to identify the best properties to invest in and understand the process of purchasing land or property.

## Section 1: Introduction to Real Estate Investment
Real estate investment involves purchasing land or property with the aim of generating income or capital gains. It is a popular form of investment because it offers tangible assets that can appreciate over time. In this section, we will define real estate investment and explore its benefits.

### Topic 1: Definition of Real Estate Investment
Real estate investment refers to the purchase of land or property with the intention of generating income or capital gains. It can take various forms, including residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural properties.

### Topic 2: Benefits of Real Estate Investment
Real estate investment offers several benefits, including:

1. Stability: Real estate investments are relatively stable compared to other investments like stocks and bonds. This means that they are less likely to fluctuate in value.

2. Passive Income: Real estate investments can generate rental income, which can provide a steady stream of passive income.

3. Appreciation: Real estate values tend to appreciate over time, meaning that the property's value increases as the market demand grows.

4. Tax Advantages: Real estate investors can enjoy tax advantages such as depreciation deductions and tax-free exchanges.

5. Leverage: Real estate investors can leverage their investments by borrowing money to purchase properties, thereby increasing their potential returns.

## Section 2: Key Factors to Consider When Buying Land or Property
When investing in real estate, several factors must be considered to ensure a successful investment. In this section, we will explore these factors and understand their importance.

### Topic 1: Location
Location is one of the most crucial factors to consider when buying land or property. It affects the property's value, rental income, and potential for appreciation. Properties located in prime areas with good infrastructure, security, and access to essential amenities tend to appreciate faster and generate higher rental income.

### Topic 2: Infrastructure
Infrastructure refers to the basic facilities and systems that support the development and growth of an area. These include water supply, electricity, sewage, drainage, and roads. Properties located in areas with good infrastructure are more attractive to tenants and are likely to appreciate faster.

### Topic 3: Security
Security is another critical factor to consider when buying land or property. Properties located in areas with high crime rates may not attract tenants or buyers, leading to lower rental income or resale value.

### Topic 4: Access to Essential Amenities
Access to essential amenities such as schools, hospitals, and shopping centers is also an important factor to consider. Properties located near these amenities are more attractive to tenants and buyers, leading to higher rental income or resale value.

## Section 3: Conclusion
Real estate investment is a lucrative form of investment that offers stability, passive income, appreciation, tax advantages, and leverage. By considering factors such as location, infrastructure, security, and access to essential amenities, investors can make informed decisions when buying land or property. With careful planning and research, real estate investment can lead to significant returns on investment.

## Glossary
- Real Estate Investment: The purchase of land or property with the intention of generating income or capital gains.
- Location: The geographical position of a property.
- Infrastructure: The basic facilities and systems that support the development and growth of an area.
- Security: The state of being protected from harm or danger.
- Access: The right or opportunity to use or enter a property.

## Conclusion
Real estate investment is a valuable tool for building wealth and generating passive income. By considering factors such as location, infrastructure, security, and access to essential amenities, investors can make informed decisions when buying land or property. With careful planning and research, real estate investment can lead to significant returns on investment.


text: Why create a law forcing the pledge of allegiance to be said in schools? “We’re trying to create patriotism on the cheap,” [Democratic state representative Terrance D. Carroll] said. “Pledges don’t create more love for your country.” The idea obviously should be that people who say the pledge want to say the pledge.. I actually like the Colorado law requiring the pledge to be said in schools. The new wording of the law allows students and teachers to opt out of saying the pledge for any reason at all. But I still question why the law has to be there anyway.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Patriotism and National Pride

Introduction:
Patriotism is the love and devotion to one's country. It is an essential value that binds people together and creates a sense of unity and purpose. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of patriotism and national pride, and why it is essential to teach our children the value of respecting and honoring their country.

Section 1: Understanding Patriotism
Patriotism is more than just a feeling of loyalty and devotion to one's country. It is also about taking pride in one's heritage, culture, and history. Patriotism is a way of showing respect for the men and women who have fought and died for our freedoms. It is about standing up for what is right and defending our values against those who would seek to undermine them.

Question: Why is patriotism important?
Answer: Patriotism is essential because it creates a sense of community and shared values. When people feel connected to their country, they are more likely to work together towards common goals and support each other through difficult times.

Section 2: The Value of Respecting Our Country
Respecting our country means showing appreciation for the sacrifices made by those who came before us. It means acknowledging the hard work and dedication of our ancestors who built this nation. Respecting our country also means recognizing the importance of our history and traditions, and passing them down to future generations.

Question: How can we show respect for our country?
Answer: There are many ways to show respect for our country. We can fly the flag, sing the national anthem, and attend parades and celebrations. We can also learn about our history and participate in civic life by voting, volunteering, and supporting our leaders.

Section 3: The Importance of Teaching Patriotism
Teaching patriotism to our children is essential because it helps them develop a sense of identity and belonging. It also helps them understand the value of freedom and democracy, and the importance of defending our rights and liberties.

Question: Why is it important to teach patriotism in schools?
Answer: Teaching patriotism in schools helps students develop a sense of pride in their country and instills in them a sense of responsibility to defend its values. It also helps them understand the importance of working together towards common goals and respecting each other's differences.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, teaching patriotism and national pride is essential for creating a strong and united society. By respecting our country and its traditions, we show appreciation for the sacrifices made by those who came before us. By teaching our children the value of patriotism, we help them develop a sense of identity and belonging, and instill in them a sense of responsibility to defend our values.


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textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand Product Descriptions
Introduction:
Product descriptions are an essential part of shopping. They provide information about the product's features, benefits, and specifications. Reading and understanding product descriptions can help you make informed purchasing decisions. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand product descriptions.
Section 1: Understanding the Structure of a Product Description
A product description typically includes several components, including:
- Product name
- Brand name
- Product features
- Benefits of the product
- Specifications (such as size, weight, and color)
- Instructions for use
- Warranty information
By understanding the structure of a product description, you can identify the most important information and make informed purchasing decisions.
Section 2: Identifying Key Information
When reading a product description, look for key pieces of information such as:
- Product name and brand name
- Product features (such as color, size, and material)
- Benefits of the product (such as improved performance or durability)
- Specifications (such as weight, size, and color)
- Instructions for use (such as how to assemble or use the product)
- Warranty information (such as the length of the warranty and what is covered)
By identifying key information, you can compare products and make informed purchasing decisions.
Section 3: Analyzing Product Features and Benefits
When reading a product description, analyze the product features and benefits. Look for:
- Unique features that set the product apart from competitors
- Benefits that the product provides (such as improved performance or durability)
- Any limitations or drawbacks to the product (such as noise or vibration)
By analyzing product features and benefits, you can determine which products are worth considering and which ones are not.
Section 4: Comparing Products
Once you have identified key information and analyzed product features and benefits, you can compare products. Look for:
- Similarities and differences between products
- Which products offer the best value for the price
- Which products have the most features and benefits
- Which products have the longest warranty period
By comparing products, you can make informed purchasing decisions and choose the product that best meets your needs.
Conclusion:
Reading and understanding product descriptions is an essential skill for shopping. By understanding the structure of a product description, identifying key information, analyzing product features and benefits, and comparing products, you can make informed purchasing decisions and choose the product that best meets your needs.
Glossary:
- Product description: a written explanation of a product's features, benefits, and specifications
- Brand name: the name of the company that produces the product
- Product features: the characteristics of the product (such as color, size, and material)
- Benefits: the advantages of using the product (such as improved performance or durability)
- Specifications: the technical details of the product (such as weight, size, and color)
- Instructions for use: how to assemble or use the product
- Warranty information: the length of the warranty and what is covered
- Comparison shopping: comparing products from different retailers to find the best value


text: Experience. A founding partner of WTB Solicitors LLP and Manchester Law Society Legal Aid Lawyer of the Year, Ben is highly respected in his specialist field of law, particularly in anti-social behaviour cases. He is a talented advocate of tenants’ rights. Ben deals with the most complex housing cases involving mental health or disability discrimination and the duties owed by Local Authorities to those who are vulnerable.. Since qualifying as a solicitor Ben has specialised in defending all forms of possession proceedings and gaining compensation for tenants where landlords fail in their duty of repair. He regularly provides training for other lawyers and voluntary organisations. He has been invited to speak at the Civil Justice Council sub committee on housing law. His notable cases include Manchester City Council v. Romano and Samari, North British Housing Association v. Sharples and Salford City Council v. Mullen.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Duties of Landlords and Tenants

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the duties of landlords and tenants in rental agreements. We will cover the legal obligations of both parties, common disputes, and how to resolve them.

Section 1: Legal Obligations of Landlords
Landlords have a legal duty to provide a safe and habitable living space for their tenants. This includes ensuring that the property is free from hazards and meets all building codes. Landlords must also provide access to essential services such as heat, water, and electricity.

Questions:
- What are the legal obligations of landlords?
- What constitutes a habitable living space?

Section 2: Legal Obligations of Tenants
Tenants also have legal obligations under a rental agreement. They must pay rent on time, follow the terms of the lease, and maintain the property in a clean and reasonable condition. Tenants cannot cause damage to the property or violate any laws.

Questions:
- What are the legal obligations of tenants?
- Can a tenant withhold rent if the landlord is not meeting their obligations?

Section 3: Dispute Resolution
Disputes between landlords and tenants can arise over a variety of issues, including rent, repairs, and evictions. In most cases, it is best to try and resolve these disputes through communication and negotiation. However, if this is unsuccessful, tenants may need to seek legal advice or file a complaint with their local housing authority.

Questions:
- What steps can tenants take if they have a dispute with their landlord?
- Can a landlord evict a tenant without following proper legal procedures?

Conclusion:
Understanding the duties of landlords and tenants is essential for maintaining a healthy and productive rental relationship. Both parties have legal obligations that must be met, and communication and negotiation are key to resolving disputes. By following these guidelines, landlords and tenants can avoid costly legal battles and maintain a positive living environment.

Glossary:
- Habitability: The quality of being fit for human occupation or use
- Building codes: A set of rules that govern the design, construction, and use of buildings
- Rent: The payment made by a tenant to a landlord for occupying a property

Self-Debating Discussion:
What are some common disputes between landlords and tenants? How can these disputes be prevented or resolved?