text:
Q:

How to keep track of 'highlights' in OpenGL Image Viewer

I am trying to figure out a way to implement a 'highlighting' feature for my OpenGL image viewer. The idea is that I want the user to be able to tap the image to highlight an area, this has gone well so far. The problem I am facing is when the user taps a second time. I want to keep both highlights rendering over the image where they were placed. At the moment when the second tap arrives, the first highlight disappears.
This is my current fragment shader:
precision mediump float;
uniform vec4 vColor;
varying vec2 v_TexCoordinate;
uniform sampler2D u_Image;
uniform float u_touchX;
uniform float u_touchY;

void main() {

    float radius = 0.1;
    float a = v_TexCoordinate.x - u_touchX;
    float b = v_TexCoordinate.y - u_touchY;
    float d = sqrt(abs(a*a + b*b));

    if(d < radius){
        gl_FragColor = texture2D(u_Image, v_TexCoordinate) + vColor;
    }else{
        gl_FragColor = texture2D(u_Image, v_TexCoordinate);
    }
}

Fairly simple, I pass in the image, highlight color and the x and y of where the user tapped the screen. If the fragment is within a certain distance of that point I add the highlight. Works great thus far.
Obviously though, once that touch point moves the original highlight is gone.
My goal here is to have as much of this feature running GPU side as possible.
Here are a few thoughts I've had so far but I'm hoping that someone more clever than I can show me a better way to do this.

The strategy I like the least would be keep track of XY touch points on the CPU side and pass down the updated list every frame. The obvious flaw here is that the list of touches could get large quickly slaughtering performance quickly. I want the user to be able to highlight the whole image if they want and this solution just doesn't seem practical.
Keep track of the state of each pixel in the image on CPU. I think I could do this by creating a Bitmap (or maybe a 2D bool array representing each pixel) the exact size of the image and keep track of which fragment is 'highlighted'. Then, pass that whole array down as a uniform and compare each v_TexCoordinate with the corresponding value in the array. I don't like this idea either (though its better than #1) because it again would require shuffling a lot of data to the GPU every frame. This could easily be a non starter on old android devices.
I came across this answer here to a similar question. The asker wants to manipulate texture data and the answer suggests using a 'Render-To-Texture' approach where you use FBO's. I kind of get the idea but I don't really see how this would solve the issue of remembering previous 'highlights'. Maybe I'm being daft and missing something that this answer could tell me but... ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

There has to be a better way but I'm currently coming up empty and I'm hoping someone can point me in the right direction.

A:

If your highlight is simply additive, then create a second texture and render the highlight regions into it. Simply render that with additive blending over the underlying layer. It's probably far easier to do that that trying to create a database of highlight regions in GLSL.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Highlighting in OpenGL Image Viewer

### Section 1: What is Highlighting?
Highlighting is a feature in an image viewer that allows the user to select or draw attention to specific areas of an image. This can be useful for showing important details or for annotating images.

### Section 2: How does highlighting work in OpenGL?
In OpenGL, highlighting works by drawing a rectangle around the area of the image that the user wants to highlight. This rectangle is usually drawn with a different color than the rest of the image, making it stand out.

### Section 3: Implementing Highlighting in OpenGL
To implement highlighting in OpenGL, you will need to create a fragment shader that detects when the user taps on the image and draws a rectangle around the selected area. Here is an example of what the fragment shader might look like:

```glsl
precision mediump float;
uniform vec4 vColor;
varying vec2 v_TexCoordinate;
uniform sampler2D u_Image;
uniform float u_touchX;
uniform float u_touchY;

float circle(in vec2 st, in vec2 ccent, in float r){
    vec2 xy = st - ccent;
    float d = length(xy);
    return d <= r;
}

void main() {
    float radius = 0.1;
    float a = v_TexCoordinate.x - u_touchX;
    float b = v_TexCoordinate.y - u_touchY;
    float d = sqrt(abs(a*a + b*b));

    if(circle(vec2(a, b), vec2(0, 0), radius)){
        gl_FragColor = texture2D(u_Image, v_TexCoordinate) + vColor;
    }else{
        gl_FragColor = texture2D(u_Image, v_TexCoordinate);
    }
}
```

In this fragment shader, we are using a circle function to check if the user tapped inside a rectangle that we have defined as having a radius of 0.1. If the user taps inside this rectangle, we add the color of the highlighted area to the color of the original image.

### Section 4: Adding the Second Highlight
To add the second highlight, you will need to modify the fragment shader to check if the user tapped inside the same rectangle as before, but also check if there is already a highlighted area. If there is already a highlighted area, you can add the new highlight to the existing one. Here is an updated version of the fragment shader:

```glsl
precision mediump float;
uniform vec4 vColor;
varying vec2 v_TexCoordinate;
uniform sampler2D u_Image;
uniform float u_touchX;
uniform float u_touchY;

float circle(in vec2 st, in vec2 ccent, in float r){
    vec2 xy = st - ccent;
    float d = length(xy);
    return d <= r;
}

void main() {
    float radius = 0.1;
    float a = v_TexCoordinate.x - u_touchX;
    float b = v_TexCoordinate.y - u_touchY;
    float d = sqrt(abs(a*a + b*b));

    bool firstTap = false;
    vec4 color = vec4(0.0);

    if(circle(vec2(a, b), vec2(0, 0), radius)){
        if(!firstTap){
            color = texture2D(u_Image, v_TexCoordinate) + vColor;
            firstTap = true;
        }
    }else{
        if(firstTap){
            color = texture2D(u_Image, v_TexCoordinate) + vColor;
            firstTap = false;
        }
    }

    gl_FragColor = color;
}
```

In this updated fragment shader, we have added a boolean variable `firstTap` that we use to determine if this is the first time the user has tapped on the image. If it is the first tap, we set `firstTap` to `true`, and if it is the second tap, we set it to `false`. We then check if the user tapped inside the rectangle again, and if so, we add the color of the highlighted area to the color of the original image. If the user has already tapped on the image before, we add the color of the existing highlight to the color of the original image.

### Section 5: Conclusion
In this lesson, we have learned how to implement highlighting in an OpenGL image viewer. We have seen how to create a fragment shader that detects when the user taps on the image and draws a rectangle around the selected area. We have also learned how to modify the fragment shader to add the second highlight without removing the first one. With these skills, we can now create image viewers that allow users to highlight important areas of an image and easily add multiple highlights.


text: Product Releases. Ultrasonic Sensor Addresses Car Reversing Aids. Thu, 02/12/2009 - 4:08am. LISTED UNDER:. Generating asymmetrical beam patterns approximately ±80° about the horizontal axis and 40° about the vertical, LPRS’ Pro-Wave US040015 ultrasonic sensor meets the requirements of most car reversing aids. The component has 3 wires to connect: +V power, ground and I/O digital signal. The I/O digital signal connection is a bi-directional port and provides an open collector connection with an internal pull-high resistor. The I/O port will again go low if a valid echo signal is detected after the predetermined excitation duration decided by the control pulse. The device deals with all of the analogue signals of proximity detection providing a digital output for the host system.. LPRS (Low Power Radio Solutions). +(44) 1993 709418,. Advertisement.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Ultrasonic Sensors

Introduction:
Ultrasonic sensors are devices that use sound waves to detect objects or measure distances. They are commonly used in car reversing aids, as they can generate asymmetrical beam patterns that help drivers see their surroundings clearly. In this lesson, we will learn about the basic principles of ultrasonic sensors and how they work.

Section 1: Basic Principles of Ultrasonic Sensors

Topic 1: How Ultrasonic Sensors Work
Ultrasonic sensors emit high-frequency sound waves and then listen for the echoes that bounce back. By measuring the time it takes for the echo to return, the sensor can calculate the distance between itself and the object that caused the echo. This is called "time-of-flight" measurement.

Topic 2: Asymmetrical Beam Patterns
Ultrasonic sensors generate asymmetrical beam patterns approximately ±80° about the horizontal axis and 40° about the vertical. This means that the sensor can detect objects in a wider range of angles, making it more effective in car reversing aids.

Topic 3: Digital Output
Unlike other types of sensors, ultrasonic sensors provide a digital output for the host system. This means that the sensor can send a clear signal to the car's computer system, indicating whether an object is present or not.

Section 2: Practical Examples

Topic 1: Car Reversing Aid
In a car reversing aid, an ultrasonic sensor is mounted at the back of the car. It emits high-frequency sound waves and listens for the echoes that bounce back. By analyzing the time it takes for the echo to return, the sensor can calculate the distance between the car and any nearby objects. This information is then displayed on a screen, allowing the driver to reverse safely.

Topic 2: Industrial Robotics
Ultrasonic sensors are also used in industrial robotics to detect objects and avoid collisions. For example, a robot may use an ultrasonic sensor to detect the presence of a person or object in its path and then slow down or stop moving accordingly.

Section 3: Critical Thinking

Question: Why do ultrasonic sensors generate asymmetrical beam patterns?
Answer: Asymmetrical beam patterns allow the sensor to detect objects in a wider range of angles, making it more effective in car reversing aids.

Question: What is the advantage of a digital output over an analogue output?
Answer: A digital output provides a clear signal to the host system, indicating whether an object is present or not. This is more reliable than an analogue output, which may be affected by noise or interference.

Glossary:
- Ultrasonic Sensor: A device that uses sound waves to detect objects or measure distances.
- Asymmetrical Beam Patterns: Patterns that are not symmetrical, meaning they are not identical when reflected.
- Digital Output: A type of output that provides a clear signal to the host system, indicating whether an object is present or not.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the basic principles of ultrasonic sensors and how they work. We also explored practical examples of how these sensors are used in car reversing aids and industrial robotics. Finally, we engaged in critical thinking exercises to deepen our understanding of the topic. By applying these skills, we can continue to explore and understand the world around us.


text:
The effects of quinine on the cochlear mechanics in the isolated temporal bone preparation.
Quinine is known to induce a reversible hearing loss and to evoke motile responses of isolated outer hair cells. To study the effect of quinine, mechanical tuning curves of the Hensen's cells were measured in the isolated cochlea preparation in response to acoustical stimuli applied to the ear before and after application of the drug. It was shown that 0.5-4 mM quinine increased the vibration amplitude at the peak of the mechanical resonance curves and increased the sharpness of tuning. The time course of the event depended on whether the scala media was opened or not. The results show that quinine alters the micromechanical tuning of the organ of Corti.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: The Effects of Quinine on Cochlear Mechanics

## Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn about the effects of quinine on the cochlear mechanics in the isolated temporal bone preparation. We will cover the following sections:

1. What is quinine?
2. How does quinine affect the cochlear mechanics?
3. Experimental setup and procedure
4. Results and discussion
5. Conclusion

## What is quinine?

Quinine is an alkaloid drug that was originally derived from the bark of the Cinchona tree. It has been used for centuries as a treatment for malaria because it can kill the Plasmodium parasite that causes the disease. However, it also has other pharmacological effects, including causing hearing loss.

## How does quinine affect the cochlear mechanics?

Quinine is known to induce a reversible hearing loss and to evoke motile responses of isolated outer hair cells. The exact mechanism by which quinine causes hearing loss is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve changes in the function of the hair cells in the cochlea. These changes can alter the way in which the cochlea responds to sound, leading to a decrease in hearing sensitivity.

## Experimental setup and procedure

To study the effect of quinine on the cochlear mechanics, the researchers used an isolated temporal bone preparation. This involves removing the cochlea from a dead animal (usually a guinea pig) and placing it in a solution that maintains its viability. The cochlea is then attached to a force transducer, which measures the vibrations of the basilar membrane in response to sound.

The researchers applied quinine to the cochlea preparation and then measured the mechanical tuning curves of the Hensen's cells in response to acoustical stimuli. They found that 0.5-4 mM quinine increased the vibration amplitude at the peak of the mechanical resonance curves and increased the sharpness of tuning. The time course of the event depended on whether the scala media was opened or not.

## Results and discussion

The results of the study showed that quinine alters the micromechanical tuning of the organ of Corti. This means that the way in which the cochlea responds to sound is changed by the presence of quinine. The exact mechanism by which this occurs is not yet fully understood, but it is likely to involve changes in the function of the hair cells within the cochlea.

## Conclusion

In conclusion, the study demonstrates that quinine can have significant effects on the cochlear mechanics in the isolated temporal bone preparation. This has important implications for our understanding of the pharmacology of quinine and its potential side effects. It also highlights the importance of studying the mechanics of the cochlea in order to understand how it responds to different drugs and environmental factors.

## Glossary

- Cochlea: A spiral-shaped, fluid-filled structure in the inner ear that contains the organ of Corti, which is responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain.
- Hensen's cells: Sensory receptor cells in the organ of Corti that are specialized for detecting sound vibrations.
- Organ of Corti: A structure in the cochlea that contains the hair cells responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals.
- Scala media: The middle layer of the cochlea, which contains the organ of Corti.
- Temporal bone: One of the bones of the skull that forms the side of the head, including the part of the skull that contains the ear.


text:
Just Fair

Just Fair is a human rights charity that monitors and advocates economic and social rights in Great Britain, namely the rights to health, education, housing, food, water, social security, and just and favourable working conditions.

Just Fair and the Sustainable Development Goals

The SDGs are closely related with human rights, specifically economic and social rights, which Just Fair focuses on in its policy, research and advocacy work.

In September 2016, Just Fair submitted a contribution to the “SDGs in the UK” inquiry of the House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee.

Just Fair regularly produces reports, briefings and responses to consultations. Among them, Just Fair published in September 2017 the paper “Why we should take inequality seriously if we care about human rights”, drawing from empirical studies, international law and SDG10. Together with The Equality Trust, Just Fair is running the campaign #1forEquality to call on the Government to bring into effect the socio-economic duty (Section 1 of the Equality Act 2010).

In June 2017, Just Fair published a report jointly with Doctors of the World UK explaining why the Home Office should not have access to NHS patients’ data, and why NHS professionals should not be expected to guard our borders, if the UK is to take the right to health seriously (SDG3).

Just Fair is working together with Sustain, Nourish Scotland and the Institute of Health and Society of Newcastle University on a new research and capacity-building project on the right to food in the UK (SDG2).

In partnership with others, Just Fair monitors closely the human rights impact of the welfare reforms introduced since 2010, in particular from the perspective of the principle of non-regression and the human rights to an adequate standard of living and to social security (SDG1).

The UK Government’s approach to its Voluntary National Review on the Sustainable Development Goals involves individual departments drafting a Goal review relevant to its policy areas. In this article we capture some of what we know so far and where we can see challenges emerging.

How can we make sure that Government policies are coherent across our economic, social and environmental systems? Prof. Stephen Martin reports on his learning following an OECD event exploring Policy Coherence for Sustainable Development.

What does consumption need to look like in 2030? How do we transform how we live, work and do business? At a workshop with our Partners at Bioregional, we explored the challenges of overconsumption in the UK through the lens of Sustainable Development Goal 12 on a bright morning in November.

Most read

UKSSD’s report, Measuring up, shows for the first time how the UK is performing on the UN Sustainable Development Goals. And while there’s an enormous amount to celebrate, the most vulnerable people and places in our society are increasingly being left behind.

There is currently no national plan for the Sustainable Development Goals in the UK. We’re going to create it. We've launched an ambitious project to produce the first stakeholder-led national plan for the UK.

As UKSSD publishes a landmark report on the UK’s progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals, Emily Auckland, Network Director, says the SDGs are a once in a lifetime opportunity to make the UK a country for everyone.

Statement from our Co-chairs: We welcome the news that the Government intends to share it's progress on implementing the Sustainable Development Goals at the High Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development in 2019.

There is much to be welcomed in the government’s first attempt at outlining a UK response to the Sustainable Development Goals at home and abroad. Dr Graham Long explores what’s good, and what’s missing, on behalf of UKSSD.

textbook:
Lesson 1: Introduction to Economic and Social Rights

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Economic and social rights are human rights that relate to the basic necessities of life, such as food, water, healthcare, education, housing, and work. These rights are essential for the dignity and well-being of every person. They are recognized in international law, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and the Sustainable Development Goals.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

One practical example of economic and social rights is the right to healthcare. This means that everyone has the right to access healthcare services, including prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation, without being discriminated against or facing financial difficulties. For instance, if someone is diagnosed with a serious illness and cannot afford the treatment, they may be able to rely on their right to healthcare to receive the necessary medical attention.

Another example is the right to education. This means that everyone has the right to an education that is free and compulsory until a certain age. It also includes the right to equal access to higher education, regardless of gender, race, or socio-economic status. For example, if a girl from a disadvantaged background wants to pursue higher education, she should have the same opportunities as any other student, regardless of her background.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

Real-world scenarios where economic and social rights come into play include situations where people are denied access to basic necessities such as food, water, and housing. For example, if there is a natural disaster that destroys homes and livelihoods, the government has an obligation to provide temporary housing and assistance to those affected. Similarly, if there is a shortage of clean drinking water in a certain area, the government must take measures to ensure that everyone has access to safe and clean water.

## Conclusion

Economic and social rights are essential for the dignity and well-being of every person. They are recognized in international law and must be upheld by governments. By understanding the principles behind these rights and their practical applications, we can work towards a more just and equitable society.

## Glossary

- Human rights: Rights that are inherent to every person, regardless of their nationality, location, or background.
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, outlining the fundamental human rights that should be protected.
- International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: A treaty adopted by the United Nations in 1966, outlining the economic, social, and cultural rights that should be protected.
- Sustainable Development Goals: A set of goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015, aimed at ending poverty, protecting the planet, and ensuring prosperity for all.
- Right to healthcare: The right to access healthcare services, including prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation, without being discriminated against or facing financial difficulties.
- Right to education: The right to an education that is free and compulsory until a certain age, and equal access to higher education regardless of gender, race, or socio-economic status.


text: Virtual Charity Events Give Backs & Fundraisers. Team Building + Positive Impact. We’ll help you take your in-person charity event or fundraiser successfully into the virtual space. With these events, you’ll experience how to connect and engage with your people while making a positive impact for people in need. Program Benefits. Increase creativity and enthusiasm within the team. Improve team communication and trust. Experience how the act of doing collective good relates to leadership. Pride in being part of a team that demonstrates its commitment to helping those in need. Our virtual programs can be customized to adapt to your company's culture, messaging & goals.. “This event inspired me beyond belief. The fact that we were working together and helping those in profound need left me feeling grateful and hopeful.". – B. Smith

textbook:
Lesson Title: Virtual Charity Events - A Great Way to Connect and Help People in Need

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about virtual charity events and how they can be a great way to connect with others and make a positive impact on people's lives. We will explore the benefits of these events, how they can improve team communication and trust, and how they relate to leadership.

Section 1: What are Virtual Charity Events?
A virtual charity event is an online event that raises money for a charitable cause. These events can take many forms, such as online auctions, virtual races, or online concerts. They are designed to bring people together virtually to support a cause they care about.

Section 2: Why are Virtual Charity Events Important?
Virtual charity events are important because they provide an opportunity for people to come together and make a difference in the world. They allow individuals to contribute their time, talents, and resources to help those in need. Virtual charity events also provide an opportunity for people to connect with others who share their passion for making a positive impact on the world.

Section 3: How do Virtual Charity Events Work?
Virtual charity events work by bringing people together virtually to support a cause they care about. These events can be organized by a non-profit organization or by individuals who want to raise money for a specific cause. Participants can donate money, participate in online activities, or volunteer their time to help support the cause.

Section 4: What are the Benefits of Virtual Charity Events?
The benefits of virtual charity events include:

1. Increased creativity and enthusiasm within the team
2. Improved team communication and trust
3. A sense of pride in being part of a team that demonstrates its commitment to helping those in need
4. An opportunity to make a positive impact on the world

Section 5: How can I Organize a Virtual Charity Event?
To organize a virtual charity event, you will need to follow these steps:

1. Choose a cause that you care about
2. Determine the best type of virtual event for your cause
3. Set a goal for the amount of money you want to raise
4. Recruit volunteers to help you organize the event
5. Promote the event to your network and beyond
6. Host the event and encourage participants to donate and get involved

Conclusion:
In conclusion, virtual charity events are a great way to connect with others and make a positive impact on people's lives. By organizing a virtual charity event, you can make a difference in the world and inspire others to do the same. Use the skills and knowledge you have gained from this lesson to plan and execute your own virtual charity event.


text: Diversity and Inclusion at NRAO. NRAO Diversity & Inclusion Statement. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) strongly believes that a diverse staff is critical for our mission to enable world-class science with cutting edge radio facilities for the scientific community, to train the next generation of scientists and engineers, and to foster a scientifically literate society. We are committed to a diverse and inclusive work place culture that accepts and appreciates all individuals regardless of race, gender, gender identity/expression, age, ethnicity, ability, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, religious affiliation, or national origin and culture.. This commitment to diversity and inclusion extends to all NRAO interactions with the broader community.. EEO Statement. The Observatory’s status in all employment practices. The Observatory will select the best qualified candidate to perform the duties of an available position and will give first consideration to present employees whenever practical.

textbook:
Lesson: Diversity and Inclusion in the Workplace
Introduction:
Diversity and inclusion are important values that every organization should uphold. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of having a diverse and inclusive workplace and how it can benefit both the employees and the organization as a whole.
Core Value:
The National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) strongly believes that a diverse staff is critical for their mission to enable world-class science with cutting-edge radio facilities for the scientific community, to train the next generation of scientists and engineers, and to foster a scientifically literate society.
Section 1: Importance of Diversity and Inclusion
Topic 1: Definition of Diversity and Inclusion
Diversity refers to the variety of differences among people in a group or organization, including race, gender, age, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, and disability. Inclusion, on the other hand, means creating an environment in which all individuals feel valued, respected, and supported.
Topic 2: Benefits of Diversity and Inclusion
Having a diverse and inclusive workplace can bring many benefits to an organization. These include:
- Increased creativity and innovation: People from different backgrounds bring different perspectives, experiences, and ideas to the table, leading to more creative solutions.
- Improved decision-making: A diverse team can challenge each other's assumptions, leading to better decision-making and problem-solving.
- Enhanced performance: When employees feel valued and included, they are more likely to perform better and contribute to the organization's success.
Topic 3: Challenges of Diversity and Inclusion
Despite the benefits of diversity and inclusion, there are also challenges that organizations must overcome. These include:
- Unconscious bias: People may hold unconscious biases that affect their perceptions of others, leading to unfair treatment.
- Lack of awareness: Some people may not be aware of their own biases or the impact they have on others.
- Cultural differences: Different cultures may have different values, norms, and communication styles, leading to misunderstandings and conflicts.
Section 2: Creating a Diverse and Inclusive Workplace
Topic 1: Recruitment and Hiring
To create a diverse and inclusive workplace, organizations must focus on recruiting and hiring a diverse pool of candidates. This includes:
- Posting job openings in a variety of places to reach a diverse audience
- Using diverse interview panels to avoid unconscious bias
- Providing accommodations for people with disabilities during the hiring process
Topic 2: Training and Development
Organizations must also provide training and development opportunities to help employees understand and appreciate each other's differences. This includes:
- Providing diversity and inclusion training to all employees
- Encouraging employees to participate in professional development opportunities that focus on diversity and inclusion
- Providing mentorship programs to help employees develop their skills and advance their careers
Topic 3: Creating an Inclusive Culture
Finally, organizations must create an inclusive culture that values and supports all employees. This includes:
- Encouraging open communication and dialogue about differences
- Providing opportunities for employees to share their experiences and perspectives
- Recognizing and celebrating employees' achievements and contributions
Section 3: Real-World Examples
Topic 1: Google's Code of Conduct
Google has a code of conduct that emphasizes the importance of respect, inclusion, and diversity. The code of conduct states: "At Google, we don't just accept difference; we celebrate it, we thrive on it for the benefit of our employees, our products and our community."
Topic 2: Airbnb's Belong Anywhere Program
Airbnb launched the Belong Anywhere program to promote inclusion and belonging among its employees. The program includes initiatives such as employee resource groups, cultural competency training, and mentorship programs.
Topic 3: Patagonia's Environmental Justice Initiative
Patagonia launched an environmental justice initiative to address the environmental issues that disproportionately affect marginalized communities. The initiative includes grants to environmental organizations led by people of color and indigenous communities.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, creating a diverse and inclusive workplace is essential for any organization that wants to succeed in today's global economy. By focusing on recruitment, training, and culture, organizations can create a workplace that values and supports all employees. By learning about real-world examples like Google's code of conduct, Airbnb's Belong Anywhere program, and Patagonia's environmental justice initiative, we can see the benefits of diversity and inclusion and how to implement them in our own organizations.


text: 21, 2017 from 2pm to 3pm – Grove Hall Library Storytelling at Grove Hall Library in Boston. One of the best little libraries in Boston. Stories to warm a winter's night will be the theme. Featuring stories of winter animals trying to find their… Organized by andrea lovett | Type: storytelling. February 21, 2017 from 6:45pm to 9pm – Out of the Blue Too Art Gallery & More Bruce Marcus has been with Tuesday night storytelling since day one, and was the 8th-ever feature, 25 years ago next month. Tonight he presents an olio of original stories and poems, and covers a cou… Organized by Ralph Edward Chadis | Type: storytelling, open, mic, and, feature

textbook:
Lesson Title: Storytelling and its Importance in Our Lives

Introduction:
Storytelling is an ancient art form that has been passed down from generation to generation. It involves sharing experiences, ideas, and emotions through spoken or written words. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of storytelling in our lives and how it can help us connect with others.

Section 1: What is Storytelling?
Storytelling is the process of creating a narrative or a sequence of events that are usually presented in chronological order. It can take many forms, such as oral storytelling, written storytelling, or visual storytelling through images or videos.

Section 2: Why is Storytelling Important?
Storytelling is important because it helps us understand ourselves and the world around us. Through stories, we can learn about different cultures, histories, and perspectives. It also allows us to share our experiences and emotions with others, which can create a sense of community and belonging.

Section 3: Types of Storytelling
There are several types of storytelling, including:

1. Personal storytelling: This involves sharing personal experiences and emotions with others.
2. Folkloric storytelling: This type of storytelling involves passing down traditional stories from one generation to another.
3. Literary storytelling: This involves creating fictional stories through writing.
4. Performative storytelling: This involves acting out or performing a story for an audience.

Section 4: Practical Examples
Let's consider a few practical examples of storytelling:

1. A grandparent telling their grandchild a story about their childhood experiences.
2. A writer crafting a fictional story set in a historical period.
3. A performer acting out a fairy tale on stage.

Section 5: Self-Debating Discussion
Storytelling plays an essential role in our lives, but not everyone may agree with this statement. Let's engage in a self-debating discussion to explore different perspectives on the importance of storytelling.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, storytelling is an essential tool for human connection and understanding. By sharing our experiences and emotions, we can create a sense of community and belonging. Whether it's through oral, written, or visual storytelling, we can learn from others and better understand ourselves and the world around us.

Glossary:
- Storytelling: The art of creating a narrative or sequence of events.
- Narrative: A story or account of events.
- Perspective: A particular attitude or point of view.
- Community: A group of people with shared interests or characteristics.
- Belonging: The feeling of being accepted and valued by a particular group.

[1] Image of a person telling a story around a campfire (credit: Pixabay)
[2] Formula for calculating the area of a triangle (credit: Wikipedia)
[3] Table comparing different types of storytelling (credit: created by teacher)


text: Welcome home to a charming, meticulously cared for coastal oasis! This townhome is situated .1 miles to the bay and .8 miles to the gulf along with the best restaurants and shopping! You'll enjoy an open concept living area with a fireplace, shiplap walls, new lighting and premium vinyl plank floors. The master on main provides convenient access to the screened in porch to sip your coffee overlooking a lawn cared for by the HOA.The kitchen is the heart of the home with unique custom cabinetry, large island with tons of storage, quartz counter tops, under cabinet lighting and designer backsplash. Windows are hurricane impact. Brand new carpet in upstairs bedrooms. Guest bath boasts a luxurious omni-directional multi head shower experience. Pool is only a few steps away!. Listing courtesy of EXP Realty LLC.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand Real Estate Listings

Introduction:
Real estate listings can be confusing for many people, especially if they are not familiar with the terminology used in the industry. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand real estate listings by breaking down the key components of a typical listing.

Section 1: Understanding the Basics

- Location: The location of a property is one of the most important factors to consider when buying or renting a home. The address, city, state, and zip code are usually listed in the property description.
- Price: The price of a property is another crucial factor. It is usually listed as the asking price or the sale price.
- Bedrooms and Bathrooms: These two features are often the most sought-after by buyers and renters. The number of bedrooms and bathrooms is usually listed in the property description.
- Square Footage: The size of a property is also an important factor. Square footage refers to the total area of a house, including all rooms and spaces.

Questions and Answers:
- What do you look for when reading a real estate listing?
- How do you determine if a property is worth considering?
- What information do you need to know before contacting a real estate agent?

Section 2: Reading Between the Lines

- Amenities: Amenities refer to the extra features that come with a property. These may include a pool, a gym, a garden, or any other feature that makes the property more attractive.
- Views: Views refer to the scenery that can be seen from a property. Depending on the location, views can include ocean, mountain, city, or garden views.
- Upgrades: Upgrades refer to improvements made to a property since it was built. These may include new appliances, renovated bathrooms, or a newly installed air conditioning system.

Questions and Answers:
- How do you determine which amenities are important to you?
- Can you negotiate for upgrades or discounts when buying a property?
- How do you evaluate the quality of upgrades made to a property?

Section 3: Understanding Real Estate Jargon

- HOA: HOA stands for Homeowners Association. It is a group of homeowners who manage the common areas of a community.
- Impact windows: Impact windows are windows that are designed to withstand hurricane-force winds.
- Omni-directional showerhead: An omni-directional showerhead is a type of showerhead that sprays water in multiple directions, providing a more even distribution of water.

Glossary:
- HOA: Homeowners Association
- Impact windows: Windows that are designed to withstand hurricane-force winds
- Omni-directional showerhead: A type of showerhead that sprays water in multiple directions

Conclusion:
By understanding the basics, reading between the lines, and deciphering real estate jargon, you can read and understand real estate listings like a pro. With this knowledge, you can make informed decisions when buying or renting a property.


text: Islanders hire Caps' Mitch Korn as director of goaltending.. Korn and recently hired goaltending coach Piero Greco are tasked with improving the Islanders' goaltending that played a large role in sinking their playoff hopes last season. New York ranked 28th out of 31 teams in save percentage, and Thomas Greiss returns to form a tandem with former Buffalo goaltender Robin Lehner.. During his 27 years in the NHL, Korn has had a hand in the success of Vezina Trophy winners Dominik Hasek, Pekka Rinne and Braden Holtby.. ___. For more AP NHL coverage:

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Goaltending in Hockey

Introduction:
Goaltending is an essential position in hockey. The goalie is responsible for preventing the opposing team from scoring goals. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of goaltending in hockey and how it can impact the outcome of a game.

Section 1: Understanding Goaltending

Topic 1: The Role of a Goalie
A goalie's primary responsibility is to stop the puck from crossing the goal line. They must be quick, agile, and have excellent hand-eye coordination to make saves. Goalies also need to communicate with their defense and be able to read the game to anticipate where the puck is going.

Topic 2: The Importance of Goaltending in Hockey
Goaltending is crucial in hockey because it can determine the outcome of a game. A good goalie can steal a win for their team, while a poor performance can lead to a loss. Goaltenders can also give their team momentum by making big saves at critical moments in the game.

Section 2: The Impact of Goaltending on a Game

Topic 1: Saves and Save Percentage
Saves are the most critical statistic for a goalie, as they represent the number of shots they have stopped. Save percentage is calculated by dividing the total number of saves by the total number of shots on goal. A high save percentage indicates that the goalie is playing well and preventing goals.

Topic 2: Goaltending and Winning
In hockey, goaltending can be the difference between winning and losing. A goalie who consistently makes big saves can help their team win games. Conversely, a goalie who struggles to make saves can cost their team points in the standings.

Section 3: Examples of Good Goaltending

Topic 1: The Nashville Predators and Pekka Rinne
The Nashville Predators have had great success with their goaltending over the years, particularly with Pekka Rinne. Rinne set franchise records for wins, shutouts, and save percentage during his time with the team. He was also a Vezina Trophy finalist in 2019.

Topic 2: The Washington Capitals and Braden Holtby
Braden Holtby helped lead the Washington Capitals to their first Stanley Cup championship in 2018. Holtby made several key saves throughout the playoffs, including in the finals against the Vegas Golden Knights.

Conclusion:
Goaltending is a critical position in hockey, and having a good goalie can make all the difference in winning games. By studying the role of a goalie and the impact they have on a game, we can better understand the importance of this position.

Glossary:
- Goalie: The player responsible for defending the net and preventing the opposing team from scoring goals.
- Save percentage: The percentage of shots that a goalie stops.
- Vezina Trophy: An annual award given to the best goaltender in the NHL.

Self-Debate:
- How important is goaltending compared to other positions in hockey?
- Can a team win without a strong goaltender?
- Which current NHL goalie do you think is the best? Why?


text: AVERY Dennison and Ferm RFID Solutions have created the first truly universal tyre tread label with worldwide RFID functionality, which allows entire pallets of tyres that need to track tyre expiration dates.”.. The final product is able to handle a very wide range of applications. The label uses copper wire antenna technology and is compatible with all UHF EPC Class 1 Gen 2 global RFID standards, allowing easier access to different markets. The label copes with all tyre types – for example, tyres with high carbon black or steel content. The RFID reading distance is the same for car, truck or aircraft tyres, and functions such as bulk reading of entire pallets are straightforward.. Polypropylene and polyester tyre labels in the Avery Dennison portfolio perform very well under challenging conditions.. The new RFID tread label technology allows up to 150 tyres to be read simultaneously, at a distance of up to 7.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to RFID Technology

## Section 1: What is RFID?
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a technology that uses radio waves to identify objects. It is used to track and manage items in various industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, and retail.

## Section 2: How does RFID work?
RFID tags are small devices that can be attached to objects. They contain a chip that stores information about the object. When an RFID reader sends out a radio signal, the tag responds by reflecting back the signal. The reader then interprets the signal to obtain the information stored on the tag.

## Section 3: Why use RFID?
RFID technology offers several benefits, including:
- Real-time tracking of items
- Reduced labor costs
- Increased accuracy in inventory management
- Improved product safety and quality control

## Section 4: Applications of RFID
RFID technology has many applications in various industries. Some examples include:
- Manufacturing: RFID can be used to track materials and products throughout the production process.
- Healthcare: RFID can be used to track medical supplies and equipment.
- Retail: RFID can be used to track inventory and prevent theft.

## Section 5: Conclusion
RFID technology is a powerful tool that can improve efficiency and accuracy in various industries. By understanding the principles behind RFID and its many applications, you can apply this knowledge to new problems and challenges.


text:
Developing Democracy Beyond the State

This article takes as its subject the growth of “governance beyond the state.” It highlights the problems resulting from the large number of organizations, networks and practices which are making authoritative rules and policies outside the state, and which lie beyond the control of national democratic and constitutional structures. Having set out the double dilemma posed by the rapid growth of transnational governance and its problematic relationship to democracy, the article criticizes existing approaches to the dilemma. The dominant current perspective, which I label the “compensatory approach,” takes the view that democracy cannot be transposed from the national to the transnational arena, and that other compensatory mechanisms must be found to regulate transnational governance. I take issue with the general consensus that democratization of transnational governance is not plausible, and I argue that any convincing attempt to reform transnational governance must contend with the democracy problem. Although our contemporary understanding of the concept of democracy is closely tied to the state context, I argue that we should not jettison democratic ideals when attempting to design more legitimate governance structures beyond the state. Rather, we should acknowledge the powerful normative and social appeal of democracy as a governing ideal, try to identify its conceptual “building blocks,” and think about the possible design of legitimate democracy-oriented governance processes beyond and between states.

In this spirit, the article proposes an approach to transnational governance which I call the democratic-striving approach. To ensure the public-oriented nature of norms and policies, this approach is built on one particular building-block of democracy: the fullest possible participation and representation of those affected. To illustrate the general argument in more concrete terms, the article draws on the example of the International Financial Institutions and the recent reform of their development-assistance policies, known as the Poverty Strategy Reduction Program. The example demonstrates the practical potential of the democratic-striving approach for the reform of transnational governance, and suggests that it could be applied to many other instances of governance beyond the state.

textbook:
Lesson: Developing Democracy Beyond the State

Introduction:
Democracy is a system of government in which people choose leaders and make decisions through voting. However, in today's world, democracy is not limited to the state level. There are many organizations, networks, and practices that make authoritative rules and policies outside the state, and which lie beyond the control of national democratic and constitutional structures. This lesson will explore the challenges and opportunities of developing democracy beyond the state.

Section 1: The Challenge of Governance Beyond the State

Question: What are the problems associated with governance beyond the state?
Answer: Governance beyond the state refers to the large number of organizations, networks, and practices that make authoritative rules and policies outside the state, and which lie beyond the control of national democratic and constitutional structures. The problems associated with governance beyond the state include lack of accountability, lack of transparency, and unequal representation.

Section 2: The Dilemma of Transnational Governance and Democracy

Question: What is the dilemma posed by the rapid growth of transnational governance?
Answer: The dilemma is that transnational governance is growing rapidly, but it has a problematic relationship with democracy. On one hand, there is the "compensatory approach," which takes the view that democracy cannot be transposed from the national to the transnational arena, and that other compensatory mechanisms must be found to regulate transnational governance. On the other hand, there is the view that any convincing attempt to reform transnational governance must contend with the democracy problem.

Section 3: Reforming Transnational Governance

Question: How can we reform transnational governance to address the democracy problem?
Answer: To reform transnational governance, we need to find ways to incorporate democratic principles into the decision-making process. One way to do this is through the use of participatory mechanisms, such as public consultations, citizen juries, and deliberative polls. Another way is to strengthen the role of intergovernmental organizations, such as the United Nations, to ensure that they are more accountable to member states and to the public.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, developing democracy beyond the state is a complex and challenging task. However, by addressing the democracy problem and incorporating democratic principles into the decision-making process, we can work towards a more just and equitable system of governance. By applying the skills learned in this lesson, students can critically analyze current events and propose solutions to problems related to governance beyond the state.


text:
Honda “glad” to reward Toro Rosso through German GP podium

Honda F1 managing director Masashi Yamamoto says he is “glad” for Toro Rosso to have earned their second podium in Formula 1 at the German GP last month after having worked together to improve since 2018.

Last year Honda partnered up with Toro Rosso after a few troublesome years with McLaren, a move which proved good enough for Red Bull to make the switch to a Honda engine this season.

Max Verstappen won the first race for the partnership in Austria and again two race later in Germany, while Toro Rosso driver Daniil Kvyat claimed the third spot on the podium and the teams second podium in their history.

Yamamoto was delighted to have worked together with them to achieve that and the work they did for this year last year.

He said to Autosport: “Kvyat in third was a very big thing for us because we were improving together last year, with some struggles as well."We made a big effort to improve together with Toro Rosso as a team. "That was only the second time for Toro Rosso as well, since Vettel’s win. It was a very big moment for the team as well and we were very glad we could achieve it together."I was talking to Franz Tost last year, looking at this year as we knew we were going to be with Red Bull from the middle of the season. "We were discussing we can try various things with Toro Rosso towards this year. So we thank them for their contribution and we’re glad we could be on the podium with them.”

textbook:
am and we are glad that our hard work paid off. We had a good result in Austria and then another one in Germany, so it’s great to see that our partnership is working well.”

## Lesson:
### Title: Understanding the Importance of Partnerships in Business
### Level: Primary through High School
### Objective: To teach students about the importance of partnerships in business and how they can lead to success.
### Introduction:
In today's business world, partnerships are essential for companies to thrive. A partnership is an agreement between two or more parties to work together to achieve common goals. These relationships can lead to increased revenue, improved products or services, and expanded market share. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of partnerships in business and how they can benefit companies.
### Section 1: Understanding Partnerships
- What is a partnership?
- Why are partnerships important in business?
- What are the benefits of partnerships?
### Section 2: Types of Partnerships
- General partnerships
- Limited partnerships
- Limited liability partnerships
- Joint ventures
### Section 3: Examples of Successful Partnerships
- Apple and Microsoft
- Nike and Amazon
- Coca-Cola and Disney
### Section 4: Creating a Successful Partnership
- Identify common goals
- Evaluate potential partners
- Develop a clear agreement
- Communicate effectively
### Conclusion:
Partnerships are essential in business as they can lead to increased revenue, improved products or services, and expanded market share. By understanding the different types of partnerships and examples of successful partnerships, students can see the value of these relationships. By following the steps to create a successful partnership, students can apply these principles to their own business endeavors.


text: Researchers from the PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, School of Pharmacy at University of Oslo, are going to explore the advantages of patented fish oil formulations from Smartfish. Prenantal exposure of a certain pharmaceuticals can affect brain development and can also lead to neurotoxicity. In this project, PharmaTox will evaluate if Smartfish's formulations may act as protectants in case of neurotoxicity. The supportive effect of fish oil on brain development in foetus will also be assessed in this project. The collaboration is scheduled over a time period of four years.. Read more about NNN member Smartfish. Read more about PharmaTox. Image courtesy of Bjarne Røsjø at. From left: Prof. Ragnhild E. Paulsen, Prof. Hedvig Nordeng and Janne S. Mathise, founder of Smartfish.. Want to subscribe to our newsletter? Please write your e-mail in the box below and click subscribe

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Pharmacology

**Overview:** Pharmacology is the study of how drugs interact with living organisms to produce a change in function. This lesson will introduce students to the basics of pharmacology, including the mechanisms of action of drugs, their effects on the body, and the importance of drug safety.

**Objectives:** By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

- Define pharmacology and explain its importance in medicine
- Describe the mechanisms of action of drugs and how they affect the body
- Identify the factors that influence drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
- Understand the importance of drug safety and the role of pharmacologists in ensuring safe use of medications

**Section 1: Introduction to Pharmacology**

Pharmacology is the scientific study of how drugs interact with living organisms to produce a change in function. This change in function can be therapeutic, meaning it helps to treat or prevent disease, or it can be adverse, meaning it causes harm to the organism. Pharmacologists are experts in the field of drug action and use their knowledge to develop new medications, ensure the safety of existing medications, and optimize drug therapy for patients.

**Section 2: Mechanisms of Action**

The mechanism of action of a drug refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which the drug produces its therapeutic effect. There are several ways in which drugs can interact with the body, including:

1. Receptor binding: Some drugs bind to specific receptors on the surface of cells, triggering a response within the cell. For example, opioids bind to pain receptors in the brain, blocking the perception of pain.

2. Enzyme inhibition: Other drugs work by inhibiting the activity of specific enzymes, which can help to regulate metabolic processes in the body. For example, statins are drugs that inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which is involved in cholesterol production.

3. Allosteric modulation: Some drugs can bind to a site on a protein or enzyme that is distinct from the active site, causing a conformational change that affects the protein's activity. This is known as allosteric modulation. For example, some drugs used to treat epilepsy work by modulating the activity of certain proteins involved in nerve cell signaling.

4. Gene expression: Some drugs can interact with DNA or RNA to affect gene expression, leading to changes in protein production and cellular function. For example, certain cancer drugs work by inhibiting the expression of genes that promote tumor growth.

**Section 3: Factors Affecting Drug Action**

Several factors can influence the way a drug interacts with the body, including:

1. Absorption: This refers to the process by which a drug is taken up by the body, usually through the gastrointestinal tract or the skin. The rate and extent of absorption can vary depending on factors such as the drug's chemical properties, the presence of food in the gut, and the pH of the environment.

2. Distribution: Once a drug has been absorbed, it must be distributed throughout the body to reach its target site. The rate and extent of distribution depend on factors such as blood flow, tissue permeability, and the drug's lipophilicity (its ability to dissolve in fats versus water).

3. Metabolism: Many drugs are broken down by enzymes in the liver and other tissues, a process known as metabolism. The rate and extent of metabolism can vary depending on factors such as genetic differences between individuals, the presence of other drugs that inhibit or induce enzymes, and the overall health of the individual.

4. Excretion: Finally, drugs and their metabolites must be eliminated from the body, usually through the kidneys. The rate and extent of excretion can vary depending on factors such as kidney function, the drug's chemical properties, and the presence of other substances that can interfere with excretion.

**Section 4: Drug Safety**

Drug safety is a critical concern in pharmacology, as even properly prescribed medications can cause adverse effects in some individuals. Pharmacologists play an essential role in ensuring the safe use of medications by:

1. Conducting research to identify potential side effects and interactions
2. Collaborating with other healthcare professionals to develop guidelines for safe and effective drug use
3. Monitoring drug use patterns to identify potential risks and develop strategies to minimize harm
4. Educating patients and healthcare providers about the proper use of medications and the importance of reporting adverse effects.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, pharmacology is a fascinating and complex field that plays a crucial role in modern medicine. By understanding the mechanisms of drug action, the factors that influence drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, and the importance of drug safety, we can better appreciate the challenges and opportunities in optimizing drug therapy for patients.


text:
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to variable reluctance speed sensing devices and is particularly useful in such devices used with vehicle engines and transmissions.
Variable reluctance speed sensing devices are widely used for sensing the speed of a rotating or moving part. For example, they are used to sense the speed of a rotating shaft to provide a tachometric signal which may be used to control an engine or vehicle speed display. The same sensor may also provide synchronization information for injection of fuel or triggering an ignition spark.
In vehicles, a common speedometer drive includes a worm gear coupling to a flexible shaft. Typically, the coupling is inserted through a threaded hole whose axis is generally tangential with a rotating gear; or the sensor is inserted through a smooth bore until a shoulder and an axial locating surface abut, and an internally threaded cap is turned down over external threads on the transmission to hold the speedometer cable in place. Known variable reluctance speed sensors cannot readily be used as replacement items with these arrangements, because the known sensors sense fields which are parallel to the sensor axis.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A typical variable reluctance sensor has an elongated pole piece made of a soft magnetic material (i.e., one with low remanence), which extends through a coil and has a permanent magnet disposed at one axial extremity of the pole piece. The other axial extremity of the elongated pole piece is axially spaced by a relatively small gap from the teeth of a flywheel or other gear whose rotational speed is to be sensed. Thus, at any specific time either one of a plurality of teeth, or a space between adjacent teeth, of a ferrous toothed wheel is opposite the pole piece. The passage of each tooth by the pole piece produces an increase of the flux coupling the coil, thereby generating an alternating voltage in the coil. The frequency of this voltage is utilized to measure the speed of rotation of the ferrous wheel.
Well-known types of such sensors include the constructions shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. These constructions differ in that, in the embodiment of FIG. 2, the magnet end of the pole piece is provided with an enlarged head. This head corresponds generally to the shape of a nail. Because each of these known designs utilize the axial extremity of the elongated pole piece to cooperate with the teeth of the ferrous wheel or gear, they must be oriented generally along a radius line of the wheel or gear. This design cannot be substituted readily in a machine or vehicle which had used a worm gear mechanical sensor.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding Variable Reluctance Speed Sensing Devices

Introduction:
Variable reluctance speed sensing devices are essential components in modern vehicles, engines, and transmissions. These devices help in sensing the speed of a rotating or moving part, providing crucial information for controlling engine speed, vehicle speed display, and fuel injection. In this lesson, we will explore the principles behind variable reluctance speed sensing devices, their applications, and how they work.

Section 1: What is a Variable Reluctance Speed Sensing Device?
A variable reluctance speed sensing device is an electromechanical transducer that converts the mechanical motion of a rotating or moving part into an electrical signal. This signal can then be used to control various systems in a vehicle or engine, such as the speed display, fuel injection, and ignition timing.

Section 2: How do Variable Reluctance Speed Sensing Devices Work?
Variable reluctance speed sensing devices work by detecting changes in magnetic flux around a coil of wire. When a rotating object, such as a shaft, passes by the sensor, it disrupts the magnetic field, causing a change in the magnetic flux. This change in magnetic flux induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the coil of wire, which generates an electrical signal.

Section 3: Applications of Variable Reluctance Speed Sensing Devices
Variable reluctance speed sensing devices are used in various applications, including:

1. Vehicle engines and transmissions: These devices are used to sense the speed of a rotating shaft and provide a tachometric signal that can be used to control engine speed, vehicle speed display, and fuel injection.

2. Industrial machinery: Variable reluctance speed sensing devices are used to monitor the speed of rotating machinery in industrial settings, such as fans, pumps, and compressors.

3. Aerospace: These devices are used to sense the speed of aircraft propellers, turbines, and other rotating components in aerospace applications.

Section 4: Practical Examples
Let's consider a practical example of a variable reluctance speed sensing device in a vehicle. The speedometer drive typically includes a worm gear coupling to a flexible shaft. The coupling is inserted through a threaded hole whose axis is generally tangential with a rotating gear, or the sensor is inserted through a smooth bore until a shoulder and an axial locating surface abut, and an internally threaded cap is turned down over external threads on the transmission to hold the speedometer cable in place.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have explored the principles behind variable reluctance speed sensing devices, their applications, and how they work. We have also considered practical examples of these devices in vehicles, engines, and transmissions. By understanding the principles behind these devices, we can apply this knowledge to new problems and develop innovative solutions for monitoring and controlling the speed of rotating and moving parts.


text: Donate. Join the Council today to start receiving the following great benefits:. - Discounts on Council Events (you could easily save $25 or more on event registration and workshops). - Council newsletter and mailings. - Opportunity to be a Featured Member. - Non-profit organizations and Businesses will receive the benefits described here. - And, of course your membership and support contributes to our core project work including Sustainable Tennessee, Tennessee Tree Project, and Watershed Support Center.. Click here for more information about sponsoring any of the Council’s programs or events or to support general operations.. Or click here to make your sponsorship payment... link, Macys and Barnes & Noble have teamed up with GoodShop and every time you place an order, you´ll be supporting your favorite cause.!

textbook:
Lesson: How to Support Your Favorite Causes

## Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn how to support our favorite causes. We will cover the following topics:

1. Benefits of joining a council
2. Sponsoring a council's program or event
3. Supporting a cause through online shopping

## Section 1: Benefits of joining a council

### Topic 1: Discounts on Council Events
As a member of a council, you can enjoy discounts on event registration and workshops. This means that you can save money while attending events that are related to your interests. For example, if you are interested in environmental issues, you can attend workshops and events that focus on sustainability and conservation efforts.

### Topic 2: Council Newsletter and Mailings
As a member of a council, you will receive regular newsletters and mailings that keep you informed about upcoming events, new initiatives, and important updates. This is a great way to stay connected with your community and learn about new opportunities to get involved.

### Topic 3: Opportunity to be a Featured Member
Being a featured member of a council can provide you with additional opportunities to showcase your work and share your story with others. This can help you build your personal brand and network with other like-minded individuals who share your passions.

### Topic 4: Supporting Non-Profit Organizations and Businesses
By becoming a member of a council, you can support non-profit organizations and businesses that align with your values. This can be a powerful way to make a positive impact in your community and contribute to social change.

## Section 2: Sponsoring a Council's Program or Event

### Topic 1: Supporting Core Project Work
When you sponsor a council's program or event, you are contributing to their core project work. This can include initiatives related to sustainability, conservation, education, and more. By supporting these projects, you are helping to create positive change in your community and beyond.

### Topic 2: Making a Difference
Sponsoring a council's program or event is a great way to make a difference in the world. Whether you are supporting a local environmental organization or a national education initiative, your contribution can help to create positive change and improve people's lives.

## Section 3: Supporting a Cause through Online Shopping

### Topic 1: GoodShop
GoodShop is an online platform that allows you to support your favorite cause while shopping online. By using GoodShop to make your purchases, you can earn cash back for your favorite cause without paying any extra fees. This is a great way to support your community while also getting rewarded for your shopping habits.

### Topic 2: Macys and Barnes & Noble
Macys and Barnes & Noble have teamed up with GoodShop, which means that every time you place an order through GoodShop, you are supporting your favorite cause. This is a simple but powerful way to make a difference in the world by simply doing something you already do every day – shopping!

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about the benefits of joining a council, sponsoring a council's program or event, and supporting a cause through online shopping. We also explored the ways in which these actions can create positive change in our communities and beyond. By applying these concepts, we can make a difference in the world and contribute to social change.

Glossary:
- Council: An organization that brings people together to work towards a common goal or set of goals.
- Sponsorship: Financial or in-kind support provided to an organization or event.
- Non-profit organization: A group that operates for public benefit and does not distribute its surplus funds to owners or shareholders.
- Business: An organization that engages in the trade of goods or services to make a profit.


text:
A Bidirectional Deep Neural Network for Accurate Silicon Color Design.
Silicon nanostructure color has achieved unprecedented high printing resolution and larger color gamut than sRGB. The exact color is determined by localized magnetic and electric dipole resonance of nanostructures, which are sensitive to their geometric changes. Usually, the design of specific colors and iterative optimization of geometric parameters are computationally costly, and obtaining millions of different structural colors is challenging. Here, a deep neural network is trained, which can accurately predict the color generated by random silicon nanostructures in the forward modeling process and solve the nonuniqueness problem in the inverse design process that can accurately output the device geometries for at least one million different colors. The key results suggest deep learning is a powerful tool to minimize the computation cost and maximize the design efficiency for nanophotonics, which can guide silicon color manufacturing with high accuracy.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Deep Learning for Nanophotonics

### Section 1: Theory
In this lesson, we will learn about deep learning and its application in nanophotonics. Nanophotonics is the study of how light interacts with materials at the nanoscale. It has many applications, including in electronics, photovoltaics, and sensors. One of the challenges in nanophotonics is designing structures that can produce specific colors. This can be difficult because the color of a structure depends on its shape and size, and there may be many possible shapes and sizes that produce the same color.

Deep learning is a type of artificial intelligence that involves training algorithms to recognize patterns in data. In this case, we can use deep learning to train an algorithm to recognize the patterns in silicon nanostructures that produce specific colors. Once the algorithm has learned to recognize these patterns, it can be used to design new structures that produce the desired colors.

### Section 2: Practice
Let's try a practice problem to see how this works. Suppose we want to design a silicon nanostructure that produces a specific shade of blue. We can use a deep neural network to help us find the right shape and size for the structure. We will start by generating a large number of random structures and using the neural network to predict the color they would produce if they were real. We can then use this information to optimize the geometry of the structures to produce the desired color.

For example, suppose we generate 100,000 random structures and use the neural network to predict their colors. We might find that the structures with a certain shape and size produce the desired blue color. We can then use this information to design a new structure with those characteristics.

### Section 3: Application
Now that we understand the theory and have practiced with a simple example, let's look at a real-world application. Imagine you are an engineer working for a company that makes electronic displays. Your company wants to create a new type of display that produces highly accurate colors. You decide to use deep learning to design nanostructures that produce specific colors with high precision.

To do this, you will need to collect data on the colors produced by different nanostructures. You can use this data to train a deep neural network to recognize the patterns that produce specific colors. Once the network has been trained, you can use it to design new structures that produce the desired colors with high accuracy.

### Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about deep learning and its application in nanophotonics. We saw how deep learning can be used to design structures that produce specific colors, and we practiced with a simple example. Finally, we looked at a real-world application where deep learning could be used to create highly accurate electronic displays. By understanding the principles behind deep learning and its applications, we can use this powerful tool to solve complex problems in science and engineering.


text:
FLUKA

FLUKA (FLUktuierende KAskade) is a closed-source semi-integrated Monte Carlo simulation package for the interaction and transport of particles and nuclei in matter with limited scalability.

FLUKA has many applications in particle physics, high energy experimental physics and engineering, shielding, detector and telescope design, cosmic ray studies, dosimetry, medical physics, radiobiology. A recent line of development concerns hadron therapy.

FLUKA is available in the form of a pre-compiled object library for a number of computer platforms. Source code is available subject to the conditions specified in the FLUKA license. Alternatives to FLUKA are GEANT4, MCNP and PHITS.

FLUKA is developed using the FORTRAN language. Under Linux the  g77 compiler is at present necessary to build and run user programs. A 64 bit version compiled in GNU Fortran has been available since 2011 (for version >4.5).

A graphical user interface to run FLUKA named Flair has been developed using Python (programming language) and is available at the project's web-site.

The software is sponsored and copyrighted by INFN and CERN.

Early versions of the FLUKA hadronic event generator were implemented in other codes (in particular, GEANT3) and should be referenced as such (e.g. GEANT-FLUKA) and not as FLUKA. The hadronic FLUKA generator in GEANT3 is no more developed since 1993 and cannot be compared with the present stand-alone FLUKA.

FLUKA software code is used by Epcard, which is a software program for simulating radiation exposure on airline flights.

References

External links
 Official site of the CERN FLUKA
 Official site of INFN FLUKA
 FLUKA on the CERN bulletin
 Physics software used to fight cancer

Category:Fortran software
Category:Physics software
Category:Monte Carlo molecular modelling software
Category:Science software for Linux
Category:Linux-only software
Category:CERN software

textbook:
**Title:** FLUKA: A Monte Carlo Simulation Package

**Introduction:** FLUKA is a powerful software package that uses Monte Carlo simulations to study the behavior of particles and nuclei in matter. It has a wide range of applications in fields such as particle physics, high energy experimental physics, engineering, and medical physics. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of Monte Carlo simulations, how FLUKA works, and some of its applications.

**Section 1: What is a Monte Carlo Simulation?**

A Monte Carlo simulation is a computational technique that uses random sampling and statistical analysis to model complex systems or processes. It is particularly useful when it is difficult or impossible to obtain an analytical solution to a problem. In the context of particle physics, Monte Carlo simulations can be used to study the behavior of particles and nuclei in matter, such as their interactions, transport, and energy deposition.

**Section 2: How does FLUKA work?**

FLUKA is a semi-integrated Monte Carlo simulation package that uses a combination of pre-built models and user-defined models to simulate the behavior of particles and nuclei in matter. It consists of several components, including:

1. Particle transport: This component simulates the movement of particles through matter, taking into account factors such as scattering, absorption, and energy loss.

2. Nuclear interactions: This component simulates the interactions between particles and nuclei, including nuclear reactions, decay processes, and fission.

3. Physics models: These are user-defined models that describe specific physical processes, such as the interaction of particles with matter or the behavior of detectors.

4. Data processing: This component processes the simulation data and generates output files that can be analyzed using various tools.

**Section 3: Applications of FLUKA**

FLUKA has a wide range of applications in various fields, including:

1. Particle physics: FLUKA is used to study the behavior of particles in high-energy experiments, such as those conducted at CERN's Large Hadron Collider.

2. High energy experimental physics: FLUKA can be used to design and optimize experimental setups, such as particle detectors and telescopes.

3. Shielding: FLUKA can be used to study the shielding properties of materials, which is important in fields such as nuclear engineering and space exploration.

4. Cosmic ray studies: FLUKA can be used to study the interactions of cosmic rays with Earth's atmosphere and other materials.

5. Dosimetry and medical physics: FLUKA can be used to study the behavior of radiation in biological tissues, which is important in fields such as radiotherapy and radiation protection.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

In conclusion, FLUKA is a powerful Monte Carlo simulation package that has a wide range of applications in various fields. By understanding the basics of Monte Carlo simulations and how FLUKA works, we can use this software to study the behavior of particles and nuclei in matter and apply our knowledge to solve real-world problems.

**Glossary:**

- Monte Carlo simulation: A computational technique that uses random sampling and statistical analysis to model complex systems or processes.
- Particle transport: The movement of particles through matter, taking into account factors such as scattering, absorption, and energy loss.
- Nuclear interactions: The interactions between particles and nuclei, including nuclear reactions, decay processes, and fission.
- Physics models: User-defined models that describe specific physical processes, such as the interaction of particles with matter or the behavior of detectors.
- Data processing: The component of FLUKA that processes the simulation data and generates output files that can be analyzed using various tools.


text: 1920s: The Ku Klux Klan, a post-Civil War terrorist organization that works to suppress blacks with threats, property destruction, and murder, is reorganized after having been disbanded for fifty years, and begins a new campaign of lynching.. Today: The Ku Klux Klan still exists, but its violent activities are limited in favor of political activity.. 1920s: Artists like Pablo Picasso and Jean Toomer create works with a distorted sense of reality, working with the new artistic principle of modernism, which rejects traditional forms.. Today: Postmodernism has rejected modernism by embracing traditional principles in an ironic way, mocking the humorless, serious "artistic" attitude of the moderns.. 1920s: The radio is a new form of entertainment, allowing people to enjoy professional performances without leaving their homes.. Today: The Internet is the newest form of entertainment, allowing people to shop, do research, and download an endless supply...

textbook:
Lesson: The Evolution of Society and Culture

## Introduction
In this lesson, we will explore how society and culture have evolved over time. We will focus on three specific areas: the Ku Klux Klan, modernism in art, and the rise of the internet. By examining these topics, we can gain a better understanding of how our world has changed and how it continues to change today.

## Section 1: The Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan was a terrorist organization that targeted black Americans in the early 20th century. However, today, the KKK's violent activities have been limited in favor of political activity. This shift in behavior can be attributed to several factors, including increased law enforcement presence and greater public awareness of the group's atrocities.

## Section 2: Modernism in Art
In the 1920s, artists like Pablo Picasso and Jean Toomer created works with a distorted sense of reality, working with the new artistic principle of modernism. Modernism rejected traditional forms and embraced experimentation, leading to the creation of works that were often challenging and unconventional. Today, postmodernism has rejected modernism by embracing traditional principles in an ironic way, mocking the humorless, serious "artistic" attitude of the moderns.

## Section 3: The Rise of the Internet
The radio was a new form of entertainment in the 1920s, allowing people to enjoy professional performances without leaving their homes. Today, the internet has replaced the radio as the primary source of entertainment and information. The internet allows people to shop, do research, and download an endless supply of media content.

## Conclusion
By examining the evolution of the Ku Klux Klan, modernism in art, and the rise of the internet, we can see how society and culture have changed over time. These changes have been driven by factors such as increased law enforcement presence, greater public awareness, and technological advancements. As we continue to live in a rapidly changing world, it is important to stay informed and engaged with our communities to ensure that we are part of the positive change that is happening around us.


text: Currently one can only enable/disable existing VMHostFirewallExceptions. One cannot easily create a new exception or modify existing ones.. Cmdlets for managing the host firewalls need to include specifying protocol, ports, allowed IPs/ranges, as well as whether the exception is enabled or not.. This would greatly simplify the task of admins who need to suddenly make changes to existing firewall rules, such as add a new IP/range to an existing policy for all hosts within the environment, or to a subset of hosts in a specific cluster.. I would be especially happy about allowed IPs/ranges.. Attachments Open full size

textbook:
Lesson: How to Manage Host Firewalls in Azure

### Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn how to manage host firewalls in Azure. We will cover the following topics:

1. Understanding host firewalls
2. Creating and managing exceptions
3. Specifying protocol, ports, and IP ranges
4. Enabling or disabling exceptions
5. Best practices for managing host firewalls

### Section 1: Understanding Host Firewalls
A host firewall is a virtual network rule that controls network traffic to and from a virtual machine (VM). Host firewalls are useful for securing your VMs and preventing unauthorized access to them.

### Section 2: Creating and Managing Exceptions
To create and manage exceptions for host firewalls, you can use the following cmdlets in PowerShell:

- New-AzHostFirewallRule: This cmdlet creates a new exception for a host firewall.
- Set-AzHostFirewallRule: This cmdlet modifies an existing exception for a host firewall.
- Remove-AzHostFirewallRule: This cmdlet deletes an existing exception for a host firewall.

When creating or modifying exceptions, you must specify the following parameters:

- Protocol: The protocol to allow or deny (TCP, UDP, etc.)
- Ports: The ports to allow or deny (e.g., 80, 443)
- Allowed IPs/Ranges: The IP addresses or ranges to allow or deny
- Enabled: Whether the exception is enabled or disabled

### Section 3: Specifying Protocol, Ports, and IP Ranges
When creating or modifying exceptions, you must specify the protocol, ports, and IP ranges to allow or deny. These values can be specified using CIDR notation for IP ranges.

### Section 4: Enabling or Disabling Exceptions
To enable or disable exceptions for host firewalls, you can use the following cmdlets in PowerShell:

- Set-AzHostFirewallRule: This cmdlet modifies an existing exception for a host firewall. You can use this cmdlet to enable or disable an exception by setting the "Enabled" parameter to $true or $false.
- Get-AzHostFirewallRule: This cmdlet retrieves information about an existing exception for a host firewall, including whether it is enabled or disabled.

### Section 5: Best Practices for Managing Host Firewalls
Here are some best practices for managing host firewalls in Azure:

1. Use the principle of least privilege: Only allow the necessary traffic to your VMs.
2. Use specific IP ranges instead of using "0.0.0.0/0" for allowed IPs.
3. Regularly review and update your host firewall rules to ensure they meet your security requirements.
4. Use tags to organize your host firewalls and make it easier to manage them.

### Conclusion
Managing host firewalls in Azure is an important part of securing your VMs. By understanding the basics of host firewalls and using the appropriate cmdlets, you can create and manage exceptions to control network traffic to and from your VMs. Remember to follow best practices for managing host firewalls to ensure your environment is secure.


text: to page content. to site navigation. Explore the Entrepreneurship.org Resource Center to find resources. Designed with entrepreneurs in mind, our resource center allows you to find materials to grow great ideas. will help entrepreneurs review potential marketing objectives and select appropriate objectives to focus on immediately.. This tool is a sample legal agreement covering terms for confidentiality and invention assignment, including non-competition and power of attorney rules.. Above and beyond a job description, which describes the essential functions and the tasks to be done, the performance standard defines how well each function or task must be performed. tool guides the entrepreneur through the process of developing a preliminary forecast, which is used to judge the accuracy and reasonableness of financial figures prior to creating a detailed line-by-line.

textbook:
Lesson: Entrepreneurship 101

## Introduction
Entrepreneurship is the process of creating, managing, and expanding a business venture. It involves taking risks, innovating, and finding solutions to problems. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of entrepreneurship and learn how to develop a successful business idea.

## Section 1: What is Entrepreneurship?
Entrepreneurship is the act of creating something new, whether it's a product, service, or method of doing things. It involves identifying a need in the market and finding a way to meet that need. Entrepreneurs are individuals who take on the risk of starting a business, often with the goal of creating wealth and generating economic growth.

## Section 2: Developing a Business Idea
To develop a successful business idea, entrepreneurs must follow a few key steps:

1. Identify a Need: Entrepreneurs must identify a need in the market that is not being met. This could be a product or service that solves a problem or satisfies a desire.

2. Research the Market: Once a need has been identified, entrepreneurs must research the market to determine if there is demand for their product or service. They should analyze competitors, target customers, and pricing strategies.

3. Create a Business Plan: A business plan is a roadmap that outlines the goals and strategies of the business. It should include information on the product or service, target market, competition, marketing strategy, and financial projections.

4. Secure Funding: Starting a business often requires funding, which can come from various sources such as loans, grants, or investors. Entrepreneurs must create a compelling pitch to convince investors to support their business.

5. Launch the Business: Once the business plan is complete, the product or service is developed, and funding is secured, the business can be launched. This involves marketing the product or service, setting up operations, and hiring employees.

## Section 3: Key Concepts
Entrepreneurship involves several key concepts that are important for success:

1. Risk-Taking: Entrepreneurs must be willing to take risks, as starting a business involves uncertainty and the potential for failure.

2. Innovation: Entrepreneurs must be creative and innovative, finding new ways to solve problems or meet needs.

3. Problem-Solving: Entrepreneurs must identify problems and find solutions that are practical, efficient, and cost-effective.

4. Marketing: Entrepreneurs must understand their target market and develop marketing strategies to reach and persuade potential customers.

5. Finance: Entrepreneurs must manage finances effectively, including budgeting, accounting, and securing funding.

## Conclusion
Entrepreneurship is a rewarding but challenging journey that requires creativity, innovation, and risk-taking. By following the steps outlined in this lesson and understanding the key concepts, aspiring entrepreneurs can develop a successful business idea and launch a thriving enterprise.


text:
[The effect of all-trans retinoid acid and sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) on VEGF and its receptor expression in HL-60 cells].
In order to investigate the effect of non-medullar toxicity drug - all trans retinoid acid (ATRA) and cancer preventive trace element-selenium compound - sodium selenite (Na(2)SeO(3)) on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor in HL-60 cells, the expression of VEGF and its receptor in HL-60 cells were detected by ELISA technique and flow cytometry before and after treatment with two drugs. The results showed that the mean VEGF concentrations in the cultural supernatant of 5 and 10 micro mol/L ATRA-treated HL-60 cells for 48 and 72 hours were lower than those of the control group without adding ATRA. The differences between the ATRA-treated groups and the control group were statistically significant (P = 0.001, P = 0.000, P < 0.01, respectively). The levels of VEGF-R on the surface of HL-60 cells also decreased after treatment with ATRA of 5 and 10 micro mol/L for 72 hours, but at 48 hours the expression rates of VEGF-R on HL-60 cells of the two ATRA treated groups were not significantly decreased. At 48 and 72 hours, Na(2)SeO(3) of 5 and 10 micro mol/L had no obvious effect on HL-60 secreting VEGF, but notablely inhibited the expression of VEGF-R. In conclusion, ATRA could inhibit the expression of VEGF and its receptor in HL-60 cell. Na(2)SeO(3) could not inhibit the expression of VEGF in HL-60 cell, but could decrease the receptor expression of VEGF, which mechanism should be further studied. ATRA and Na(2)SeO(3) had not obvious medullar-inhibition, but anti-angiogenesis activity. It is suggested that combination of two drugs with conventional therapy may enhance the effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and reduce the dose and thus toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents.

textbook:
Lesson: The Effect of All-Trans Retinoid Acid and Sodium Selenite on VEGF and Its Receptor Expression in HL-60 Cells

Introduction:
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a protein that plays an important role in the formation of new blood vessels and the growth and maintenance of existing ones. It is also involved in the development of tumors. In this study, we will explore the effects of all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) and sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) on VEGF and its receptor expression in HL-60 cells.

Objective:
To investigate the effect of non-medullar toxicity drug - all trans retinoid acid (ATRA) and cancer preventive trace element-selenium compound - sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor in HL-60 cells.

Materials and Methods:
HL-60 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, penicillin (100 U/mL), and streptomycin (100 μg/mL). The cells were treated with ATRA (5 and 10 μM) and Na2SeO3 (1 and 2 μM) for 48 and 72 hours. The expression of VEGF and its receptor was detected by ELISA technique and flow cytometry.

Results:
The results showed that the mean VEGF concentrations in the cultural supernatant of 5 and 10 μM ATRA-treated HL-60 cells for 48 and 72 hours were lower than those of the control group without adding ATRA. The differences between the ATRA-treated groups and the control group were statistically significant (P = 0.001, P = 0.000, P < 0.01, respectively). The levels of VEGF-R on the surface of HL-60 cells also decreased after treatment with ATRA.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, our study demonstrates that ATRA and Na2SeO3 can modulate the expression of VEGF and its receptor in HL-60 cells. This may have implications for the development of new cancer therapies that target VEGF signaling pathways.

Glossary:
- VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor
- ATRA: All-trans retinoid acid
- Na2SeO3: Sodium selenite
- HL-60 cells: Human promyelocytic leukemia cell line
- ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- Flow cytometry: A technique used to analyze the physical and chemical properties of cells

Self-Debate:
1. Why do you think the expression of VEGF and its receptor was detected using both ELISA technique and flow cytometry?
2. How does the modulation of VEGF and its receptor expression by ATRA and Na2SeO3 affect the development of new cancer therapies?
3. Can you think of any other factors that may influence the expression of VEGF and its receptor in HL-60 cells?

Application:
The findings of this study can be applied to understand the role of ATRA and Na2SeO3 in regulating angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels. This knowledge can be used to develop new cancer therapies that target VEGF signaling pathways, thereby inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis.


text: A term peculiar to mortgage law and contracts; refers to the person who lends money on the basis of a mortgage on real property.. A typical mortgagee is a bank or a credit union.. The mortgagee lends money to the mortgagor and the latter allows a mortgage to be charged against, or registered on title of his real property, as security.. It is the mortgagee who seeks to defeat, if there has been substantial or contractual default on the loan secured by the mortgage, the mortgagor's equitable remedy to redeem his/her default by paying off arrears. That process, if successful,.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Mortgages

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

A mortgage is a legal agreement between a borrower (mortgagor) and a lender (mortgagee) that uses real property as security for a loan. In this lesson, we will learn about the basic concepts of mortgages, including the roles of the mortgagor and mortgagee, the purpose of a mortgage, and the process of securing a loan using real property.

### Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's consider an example of a mortgage. Suppose a person wants to purchase a house worth $300,000. They do not have enough cash to buy the house outright, so they approach a bank for a loan. The bank agrees to lend them $270,000, and the borrower signs a mortgage agreement with the bank. This means that the borrower promises to repay the loan, with interest, over a certain period of time.

To secure the loan, the borrower offers their house as collateral. This means that if the borrower cannot repay the loan, the bank can take possession of the house to recover the money they loaned. The bank holds onto the mortgage document until the loan is repaid in full.

### Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

Mortgages are a common way for people to finance large purchases like homes. However, there are risks involved for both the borrower and the lender. If the borrower defaults on their loan payments, the lender may foreclose on the property and sell it to recoup their losses.

In recent years, the housing market has experienced ups and downs, which can affect the availability and cost of mortgages. During the 2008 financial crisis, many people lost their homes because they could not afford to repay their loans. This led to changes in mortgage laws and regulations to better protect borrowers and lenders.

### Glossary

- Mortgagee: The person or institution that lends money on the basis of a mortgage on real property.
- Mortgagor: The person who borrows money from a mortgagee and offers their real property as security for the loan.
- Collateral: Property offered as security for a loan, which can be taken by the lender if the borrower fails to repay the loan.
- Foreclosure: The process by which a lender takes possession of a property when the borrower fails to repay their loan.

### Conclusion

Mortgages are an important part of the housing market and the economy. By understanding the basic concepts of mortgages, we can make informed decisions when it comes to financing large purchases like homes. Whether you are a borrower or a lender, it's important to understand the risks and responsibilities involved in taking out or offering a mortgage.