text: - johnpurc@umail.iu.edu. - Department:. - Psychological and Brain Sciences; Program in Neural Science. - Campus:. - IU Bloomington. - Major:. - Clinical Psychology; Neuroscience. - Graduation year:. - expected 2021. - Hometown:. - Huntington, WV. John is a fourth-year graduate student, working under the mentorship of William Hetrick and Joshua Brown. After graduating from High Point University, John spent two years working in the Positive Emotion & Psychopathology and Clinical Neuroscience Labs at Yale and Colorado University. He is interested in using neuroimaging techniques (e.g. fMRI, DTI) to study the neural correlates of aberrant decision-making and reward processing in clinical and non-clinical samples. His current projects include:. During his time at IU, John has been supported under the following grants and awards:. He has also received honorable mention from the National Science Foundation's Graduate Research Fellowship Program (NSF GRFP).. In his spare time, John enjoys opera and being active.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Neuroimaging Techniques

## Section 1: What are Neuroimaging Techniques?
Neuroimaging techniques are methods used to study the structure and function of the brain. These techniques help researchers understand how different areas of the brain work together to perform complex tasks. Some common neuroimaging techniques include functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and positron emission tomography (PET).

## Section 2: How do Neuroimaging Techniques Work?
Each neuroimaging technique works differently to study the brain. fMRI measures changes in blood flow that occur when certain areas of the brain are activated. DTI tracks the movement of water molecules within the brain to study the connections between different regions. PET scans use radioactive tracers to measure the metabolic activity of the brain.

## Section 3: Applications of Neuroimaging Techniques
Neuroimaging techniques have many applications in the field of neuroscience. They can be used to study how the brain processes information, how it changes over time, and how it differs between individuals. These techniques have also been used to study the effects of drugs on the brain and to develop new treatments for neurological disorders.

## Section 4: Examples of Neuroimaging Studies
One example of a neuroimaging study is a 2004 paper published in Nature by Daniel T. Levy and colleagues. In this study, the researchers used fMRI to study the brain activity of people who were experiencing a craving for cigarettes. They found that the brain regions associated with reward and motivation were more active in these individuals compared to those who were not craving a cigarette.

Another example is a 2008 study published in the Journal of Neuroscience by Nora Volkow and colleagues. In this study, the researchers used PET to study the effects of sugar on the brain. They found that the brain's pleasure centers were more active after consumption of sugar than after consumption of other types of food.

## Section 5: Critical Thinking Questions
1. How might neuroimaging techniques be used to improve our understanding of the brain?
2. What are some potential limitations of neuroimaging studies?
3. How might neuroimaging techniques be applied to improve treatments for neurological disorders?

## Glossary
- fMRI: Functional magnetic resonance imaging
- DTI: Diffusion tensor imaging
- PET: Positron emission tomography
- BOLD signal: Blood oxygen level dependent signal
- ROI: Region of interest

## Conclusion
Neuroimaging techniques are powerful tools that allow us to study the structure and function of the brain. By understanding how the brain works, we can gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of complex behaviors and develop new treatments for neurological disorders.


text: This release is available in French.. Loss of thinking power is a fear shared by many aging baby boomers. That fear has resulted in a budding industry for brain training products - exercises such as Brain Age, Mindfit and My Brain Trainer - which in 2007 of brain aging after eight weeks of use. Is it surprising some 10,000 copies of the product were sold in Quebec in the last six months?.  been proven.. On the Web:. About the Université de Montréal:. English adaptation by Marc Tulin; original French story by Dominique Nancy can be consulted at.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: How to Stay Sharp as You Age

Introduction:
As we age, we may worry about losing our ability to think clearly and quickly. However, there are things we can do to keep our minds sharp and active. In this lesson, we will explore ways to stay mentally fit as we age.

Section 1: Understanding Cognitive Decline

Topic 1: What is cognitive decline?
Cognitive decline refers to the gradual loss of mental abilities that occur naturally with age. This can include memory loss, slower thinking, and reduced problem-solving skills.

Topic 2: Why does cognitive decline happen?
Several factors contribute to cognitive decline, including genetics, lifestyle choices, and overall health. As we age, our brains may not work as efficiently as they used to, and certain areas may shrink or lose function.

Section 2: Keeping Mentally Fit

Topic 1: Exercise your brain
Just like our bodies, our brains need exercise to stay strong and healthy. Engaging in mentally stimulating activities, such as puzzles, reading, or learning a new language, can help keep our minds sharp.

Topic 2: Eat a balanced diet
Eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help improve brain function. These foods provide essential nutrients that support brain health and may reduce the risk of cognitive decline.

Topic 3: Get enough sleep
Getting enough sleep is crucial for maintaining good physical and mental health. Aim for 7-8 hours of sleep each night to give your brain time to rest and recharge.

Section 3: Real-World Examples

Topic 1: The importance of staying mentally active
Mary, 75, has always enjoyed reading and doing crossword puzzles. She notices that her memory is sharper than her friends who don't engage in these activities.

Topic 2: The impact of poor lifestyle choices
John, 60, smokes cigarettes and drinks alcohol regularly. He has noticed that he has a harder time remembering things and concentrating on tasks.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, there are several things we can do to stay mentally fit as we age. Engaging in mentally stimulating activities, eating a balanced diet, and getting enough sleep are all important steps towards maintaining good brain health. By making these changes, we can help slow down cognitive decline and keep our minds sharp and active for years to come.

Glossary:
- Cognitive decline: The gradual loss of mental abilities that occur naturally with age.
- Mentally stimulating activities: Activities that challenge and engage the brain, such as puzzles, reading, or learning a new language.
- Balanced diet: A diet that includes a variety of foods from all food groups, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
- Sleep: A period of rest during which the body repairs itself and the mind processes information.


text:
Life events, psychiatric disturbance and physical illness.
The relationship between life events and the onset of organic physical illness has been studied in a group of women in the general population. The link between severe events and the onset of organic illness, which held only for women of 50 years or younger, was not a direct causal association but mediated by an intervening psychiatric disturbance of an affective kind, all occurring within a six month period. The findings are discussed in the light of the high psychiatric morbidity found in physically ill patients.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: The Relationship Between Life Events, Psychiatric Disturbance, and Physical Illness

**Introduction**

In this lesson, we will explore the relationship between life events, psychiatric disturbance, and physical illness. We will discuss how these factors are interconnected and how they can impact our overall health and well-being.

**Section 1: Life Events and Physical Illness**

Research has shown that significant life events, such as the death of a loved one or a divorce, can increase the risk of developing physical illnesses. This is particularly true for women under the age of 50. However, the link between life events and physical illness is not a direct causal association. Instead, it is mediated by an intervening psychiatric disturbance of an affective kind, such as depression or anxiety.

**Section 2: Psychiatric Disturbance and Physical Illness**

Psychiatric disturbance, such as depression or anxiety, has been linked to an increased risk of developing physical illnesses. This is because mental health issues can lead to unhealthy behaviors, such as smoking or poor eating habits, which can contribute to physical illness. Additionally, people with mental health issues may have a weakened immune system, making them more susceptible to infections and other illnesses.

**Section 3: Physical Illness and Mental Health**

Physical illness can also have a significant impact on mental health. For example, people with chronic illnesses may experience depression or anxiety due to the challenges and limitations that come with their condition. Additionally, some medications used to treat physical illnesses can have side effects that contribute to mental health issues.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, the relationship between life events, psychiatric disturbance, and physical illness is complex and multifaceted. While significant life events can increase the risk of developing physical illnesses, this is not a direct causal association. Instead, it is mediated by an intervening psychiatric disturbance of an affective kind. Similarly, psychiatric disturbance can increase the risk of developing physical illnesses, but this is not a direct causal association either. Instead, it is mediated by unhealthy behaviors and a weakened immune system. Finally, physical illness can have a significant impact on mental health, leading to depression or anxiety.

**Glossary**

- **Significant life events:** Events that cause a significant amount of stress or emotional distress, such as the death of a loved one or a divorce.
- **Psychiatric disturbance:** A mental disorder or illness that affects a person's thoughts, emotions, and behavior.
- **Intervening:** Coming between two events or states, so that the first event or state is affected by the second.
- **Mediated:** Intervened between two variables so that the relationship between them is changed or altered.
- **Affective:** Relating to emotions or the ability to experience emotions.

**Self-Debate Discussion**

Do you think that significant life events can directly cause physical illness? Why or why not? Use evidence from the lesson to support your answer.


text: Even though gold and silver are at high prices, I am concerned about the future of our economy and would like to buy more gold and silver coins. I would be interested in opinions regarding several issues: Is it better to buy gold and silver coins from a local coin shop, from an online site like Monex or somewhere else? Is there a reason to buy ingots rather than coins? Is it better to own gold or silver coins? Silver seems to be relatively cheaper now and the smaller denominations would be more practical in an economic collapse if the dollar became worthless. What about bags of junk silver instead of American Eagles? You can buy bags of old pre-1965 dimes and quarters for $16.51 an ounce vs. $18.14 for American Eagles. For anybody who thinks gold is going down to $500 an ounce, got any gold or silver you want to sell?

textbook:
Lesson: Investing in Gold and Silver Coins
Introduction:
Investing in gold and silver coins is a popular way to diversify your investment portfolio and hedge against inflation. However, there are several factors to consider before making an investment in these precious metals. In this lesson, we will discuss the different ways to buy gold and silver coins, the advantages and disadvantages of each, and the factors to consider when deciding whether to invest in gold or silver coins.
Section 1: Buying Gold and Silver Coins
There are several ways to buy gold and silver coins, including:
1. Local coin shops
2. Online sites like Monex
3. Bullion dealers
4. Coin shows
Each of these options has its advantages and disadvantages, which we will discuss below.
Local coin shops:
- Pros: You can see and touch the coins before buying them.
- Cons: Prices may be higher than online sites.
Online sites like Monex:
- Pros: Lower prices than local coin shops.
- Cons: You cannot see or touch the coins before buying them.
Bullion dealers:
- Pros: They often sell coins at spot price or slightly above.
- Cons: You may have to buy in bulk quantities.
Coin shows:
- Pros: You can see and touch the coins before buying them.
- Cons: Prices may be higher than online sites or bullion dealers.
Section 2: Types of Gold and Silver Coins
There are several types of gold and silver coins to choose from, including:
1. Ingots
2. Coins
3. Bars
4. Rounds
Each of these options has its advantages and disadvantages, which we will discuss below.
Ingots:
- Pros: They are easy to store and transport.
- Cons: They are not legal tender and may be difficult to sell.
Coins:
- Pros: They are legal tender and easier to sell.
- Cons: They may have a lower value than ingots.
Bars:
- Pros: They are easy to store and transport.
- Cons: They are not legal tender and may be difficult to sell.
Rounds:
- Pros: They are easy to store and transport.
- Cons: They are not legal tender and may be difficult to sell.
Section 3: Deciding Between Gold and Silver Coins
When deciding whether to invest in gold or silver coins, there are several factors to consider, including:
1. Price
2. Supply and demand
3. Economic conditions
Price:
- Gold tends to be more expensive than silver.
- Silver is more volatile than gold.
Supply and demand:
- Gold is a limited resource, while silver is more abundant.
- Demand for gold is high due to its use in jewelry and other industries.
Economic conditions:
- Gold tends to perform well during times of economic uncertainty.
- Silver tends to perform well during times of inflation.
Conclusion:
Investing in gold and silver coins can be a wise decision for diversifying your investment portfolio and hedging against inflation. However, there are several factors to consider before making an investment in these precious metals. By understanding the different ways to buy gold and silver coins, the advantages and disadvantages of each, and the factors to consider when deciding whether to invest in gold or silver coins, you can make an informed decision about whether investing in these precious metals is right for you.
Glossary:
- Bullion: A precious metal (usually gold or silver) in bar, ingot, or coin form.
- Spot price: The current market price of a precious metal.
- Legal tender: A coin or note that is officially recognized by a government as being legal payment for debts.


text: Sizzix Thinlits Dies By Tim Holtz 22/Pkg. Product Description. Sizzix Thinlits Dies By Tim Holtz 22/Pkg - Dive deep in your crafting using the Under the Sea #1 Thinlits Set by Tim Holtz. Made with Colorize technology, these Thinlits are perfect for layering and creating tone to any summer project! Use this die set to make your cardmaking, scrapbooking and home decor projects come to life! Includes 18: 2 x 2 3/4<BR>- 1/8 x 1/8 inches.. Product Specifications. - Depth6.5. - Height0.4. - Width5.6

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Algebra

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Algebra is a branch of mathematics that deals with the manipulation of symbols and the study of how they relate to one another. It is used to solve problems involving numbers, variables, and equations.

### Section 2: Questions and Answers
**Question**: What is algebra?
**Answer**: Algebra is a branch of mathematics that uses symbols and letters to represent numbers and variables, and involves solving equations and analyzing patterns and relationships.

**Question**: Why is algebra important?
**Answer**: Algebra is important because it helps us understand and analyze patterns and relationships, which can be applied to many areas of life, such as science, economics, and everyday decision-making.

**Question**: How does algebra relate to other branches of mathematics?
**Answer**: Algebra is the foundation for many other branches of mathematics, including calculus, trigonometry, and geometry.

### Section 3: Definitions and Examples
**Definition**: Variable - A letter or symbol that represents an unknown quantity in an equation.

**Example**: Let's say we have the equation 2x + 5 = 10. In this equation, "x" is the variable, representing the unknown value of the product of 2 and some number.

**Definition**: Equation - A mathematical statement that two expressions are equal.

**Example**: The equation 2x + 5 = 10 means that the value of 2x plus 5 is equal to 10.

**Definition**: Solve - To find the value of a variable in an equation.

**Example**: To solve the equation 2x + 5 = 10, we need to find the value of "x" that makes the equation true. We can do this by isolating "x" on one side of the equation and then solving for it.

### Glossary
- **Variable**: A letter or symbol that represents an unknown quantity in an equation.
- **Equation**: A mathematical statement that two expressions are equal.
- **Solve**: To find the value of a variable in an equation.

### Conclusion
Algebra is a powerful tool that can be used to solve problems involving numbers, variables, and equations. By understanding the basic concepts and definitions, we can use algebra to analyze patterns and relationships, and apply it to many areas of life. With practice and patience, anyone can learn algebra and become a master of mathematical manipulation.


text: 0 0 Peter Donegan Peter Donegan2017-10-19 10:04:532017-10-19 10:04:53Donegan Landscaping: Garden Project, Howth Dublin. This phase 2 of this garden project was very much one of them.. Donegan Landscaping: Garden Project, Howth Dublin. I never really liked showing the before photos or works in progress. That maybe is something that has come from my time in show and television garden building, in that there was always something left to the imagination irrespective of the hard work that went in behind the scenes.. The Chelsea’s of this world can be particularly good for that and it’s not until one gets talking to the gardens makers that you really appreciate that what might appear as the simplest of builds was one of that really required careful planning in order to make it for all including the client, seamless.. This phase 2 of this garden project was very much one of them.. Read more

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Planning in Garden Building

Introduction:
Garden building is an art that requires careful planning and execution. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of planning in garden building and how it affects the final outcome of the project.

Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Planning is an essential part of any garden building project. It involves creating a design, selecting the right materials, and determining the best way to execute the project. Without proper planning, a garden can look disorganized and unattractive.

Section 2: Questions and Answers
1. Why is planning important in garden building?
Answer: Planning is important because it helps to create a cohesive and visually appealing garden. It ensures that all elements of the garden work together and that the final result is aesthetically pleasing.

2. What are some common mistakes people make when building a garden?
Answer: Some common mistakes people make when building a garden include not taking into account the space available, not considering the climate or soil type, and not choosing plants that will thrive in the conditions.

3. How can proper planning help to avoid these mistakes?
Answer: Proper planning can help to avoid these mistakes by taking into account all of these factors before beginning the project. By carefully considering the space, climate, and soil type, as well as choosing plants that will thrive in those conditions, you can create a garden that is both beautiful and functional.

Section 3: Practical Examples
Let's consider a real-world example of a garden building project. Suppose a homeowner wants to build a garden in their backyard. They have a small yard, so they need to choose plants that will thrive in a small space. They also need to consider the amount of sunlight and shade in the yard, as well as the soil type. By carefully planning the layout and selecting plants that will thrive in these conditions, the homeowner can create a beautiful and functional garden that will add value to their home.

Section 4: Self-Debating Discussions
1. How important is planning in other types of building projects?
Answer: Planning is important in all types of building projects, whether it's a house, a bridge, or a road. Without proper planning, the final result may not be safe, functional, or aesthetically pleasing.

2. Can proper planning help to save money on a building project?
Answer: Yes, proper planning can help to save money on a building project by preventing costly mistakes. By carefully considering all of the factors involved, you can create a plan that will ensure the project is completed on time and within budget.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, planning is an essential part of any garden building project. By carefully considering all of the factors involved, you can create a beautiful and functional garden that will add value to your home. Proper planning can also help to prevent costly mistakes and ensure that the project is completed on time and within budget.


text: Skip to this pages content | Skip to site navigation | Skip to My Red Cross.. Osman is leaving alongside Kalie*, a young girl whom he got to know while at the centre.. The smile on Kalie's face speaks volumes. She will soon be reunited with her mother and eight brothers and sisters. Two weeks ago, she to came into the treatment centre, her body listless with the Ebola virus disease. But the disease was identified early, and treatment started as quickly as possible, and Kalie's tiny, wiry frame was able to fight back.. .. Kalie gave one last wave to the other patients before walking away from the centre for the final time. In the local Krio language she was asked: "How de body?". "Fine," she replied, and for the first time in weeks, she meant it.. Katherine Mueller, IFRC. First published on IFRC website.. Donate to the Ebola Outbreak 2014 Appeal.. *Child's name changed to protect her.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Fight Back Against Ebola

Introduction:
Ebola is a deadly virus that can cause severe illness and even death. It is transmitted through contact with infected bodily fluids and can spread quickly in communities. However, with early detection and treatment, it is possible to fight back against Ebola. In this lesson, we will learn about the symptoms, transmission, and prevention of Ebola, as well as how to support those affected by the virus.

Section 1: Understanding Ebola

Topic 1: Symptoms of Ebola
- Ebola symptoms include fever, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, and sore throat.
- As the disease progresses, patients may experience vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and bleeding from the eyes, nose, and mouth.

Topic 2: Transmission of Ebola
- Ebola is transmitted through contact with infected bodily fluids, such as blood, saliva, and sweat.
- It can also be transmitted through contact with contaminated objects, such as needles or clothing.
- People are not considered contagious until they show symptoms of the disease.

Topic 3: Prevention of Ebola
- To prevent the spread of Ebola, it is essential to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly and avoiding contact with infected individuals.
- Healthcare workers should take extra precautions when caring for patients with Ebola, such as wearing protective equipment and following proper infection control procedures.
- Vaccines are available to prevent Ebola, but they are not yet widely available.

Section 2: Fighting Ebola

Topic 1: Early Detection and Treatment
- The key to fighting Ebola is early detection and treatment.
- If Ebola is detected early, patients can receive medical care and support to help them recover.
- Treatment may include fluids, pain relievers, and medications to help fight off the virus.

Topic 2: Support for Affected Individuals and Communities
- Supporting those affected by Ebola is crucial in the fight against the virus.
- This can include providing medical care, food, and shelter to those who need it.
- It is also important to support community education and outreach programs to prevent the spread of the virus.

Section 3: Conclusion

In conclusion, fighting Ebola requires early detection and treatment, as well as support for affected individuals and communities. By understanding the symptoms, transmission, and prevention of Ebola, we can work together to stop the spread of the virus and support those who have been affected by it.

Glossary:
- Ebola: a virus that causes severe illness and can be fatal
- Bodily fluids: substances such as blood, saliva, and sweat
- Contagious: able to spread from person to person
- Hygiene: practices that promote cleanliness and prevent the spread of disease
- Vaccines: medications that help the body's immune system fight off diseases

Conclusion:
By learning about Ebola and how to prevent its spread, we can work together to support those affected by the virus and fight back against its devastating effects.


text: Learn about an open-label, head-to-head clinical trial comparing two medication-assisted treatment options for opioid dependence. Presented by Meeting the Need Steering Committee member Dr. Genie Bailey, an X:BOT trial investigator.. What do you think?. I rate this content:. This information is useful and relevant to my clinical practice.. Disagree. Agree

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Clinical Trials

**Section 1: What are Clinical Trials?**

Clinical trials are research studies that involve people. They are designed to answer specific questions about vaccines, drugs, or medical devices. These trials are conducted in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, and universities. The goal of these trials is to find out if a new treatment is safe and effective for humans.

**Section 2: Types of Clinical Trials**

There are four main types of clinical trials:

1. Phase I: These trials involve a small group of people and are designed to test the safety of a new treatment.
2. Phase II: These trials involve a larger group of people and are designed to test the effectiveness of a new treatment.
3. Phase III: These trials involve an even larger group of people and are designed to compare the new treatment to standard treatments.
4. Phase IV: These trials are conducted after a treatment has been approved and are designed to monitor its long-term effects.

**Section 3: Importance of Clinical Trials**

Clinical trials are important because they help us learn more about how to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases. They also help us understand the risks and benefits of new treatments. Without clinical trials, we would not have many of the medications and treatments that we have today.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

Clinical trials are an essential part of medical research. They help us learn more about how to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases. By participating in a clinical trial, you can contribute to medical research and potentially help others. Remember, always consult with your healthcare provider before participating in any clinical trial.


text:
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a magnetic recording/reading apparatus used as a hard disk drive and, more particularly, to a perpendicular magnetic recording/reading apparatus using perpendicular magnetization, and a perpendicular magnetic recording medium for use in the apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
Presently commercially available magnetic recording/reading apparatuses use a longitudinal magnetic recording system in which the magnetization direction of a magnetic recording layer is longitudinal. To increase the recording density in this longitudinal magnetic recording system, it is necessary to decrease the size of magnetic particles in the magnetic recording layer in order to increase the medium signal-to-noise ratio. Unfortunately, this allows easy occurrence of thermal decay, with the result that information disappears. Therefore, a method of increasing the magnetic anisotropy of the magnetic recording layer is conventionally used. However, from the viewpoint of the ease with which a recording head records data, further increasing the magnetic anisotropy is inadequate. As described above, it is difficult to increase the medium signal-to-noise ratio by reducing medium noise and increase the thermal decay resistance at the same time.
By contrast, in a perpendicular magnetic recording system in which the magnetization direction of the magnetic recording layer is perpendicular, magnetic fields which stabilize magnetization interact in a magnetization transition region. This forms a steep transition region to realize high density. In addition, compared to a longitudinal recording medium, the thickness of the recording layer can be increased to obtain the same recording resolution. This is also advantageous to thermal decay, since the volume of magnetic particles in the magnetic recording layer can be increased. If the recording density is very low, a demagnetizing field in the center of a recording bit is large, so the influence of thermal decay is found in this case. However, if the recording density is high, the perpendicular magnetic recording medium is stable unlike the longitudinal magnetic recording medium. Furthermore, in a double-layered perpendicular media in which a soft magnetic film is formed below the magnetic recording layer, the head magnetic field can be made larger than in the longitudinal recording medium. Therefore, a material having large anisotropy can be used as this magnetic recording layer. From these points, the perpendicular magnetic recording system has currently attracted attention.
In a perpendicular magnetic recording medium suitable for a magnetic recording system, it is necessary to reduce a decrease in output when data is recorded in a low-recording-density bit or in an adjacent track. For this purpose, the recording medium must have a perpendicular recording layer having magnetic characteristics by which magnetization does not reverse with respect to a certain magnetic field in the opposite direction of the magnetization direction, having a film thickness for obtaining an appropriate output, and having a fine structure with a high medium signal-to-noise ratio and high recording resolution.
An example of such a magnetic recording medium suited to the perpendicular magnetic recording system is described in Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2001-6158. In this magnetic recording medium, a CoPt alloy having appropriately large magnetic anisotropy is used as a magnetic recording layer. Below this magnetic recording layer, a nonmagnetic Co alloy to which Cr, oxygen, oxide which causes magnetic separation of crystal is added is formed. Below this nonmagnetic Co alloy, an underlayer, e.g., a nonmagnetic CoCr alloy or Ru alloy film, which perpendicularly aligns the magnetic recording layer is formed. Below this underlayer, a seed layer such as a Ti alloy, NiNb alloy, or NiTa alloy layer is formed to decrease a crystal size by decreasing the thickness of the underlayer. However, it is being required to further increase the recording density, so a perpendicular magnetic recording medium having a higher signal-to-noise ratio and better characteristics is being demanded.

textbook:
Lesson: Perpendicular Magnetic Recording/Reading Apparatus

Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about perpendicular magnetic recording/reading apparatus and its related art. We will understand the need for such an apparatus, its working principle, and its advantages over traditional longitudinal magnetic recording systems.

Core Value
The core value of this lesson is to understand the concept of perpendicular magnetic recording/reading apparatus and its benefits over traditional longitudinal magnetic recording systems.

Section 1: Introduction to Perpendicular Magnetic Recording/Reading Apparatus

Topic 1: Need for Perpendicular Magnetic Recording/Reading Apparatus
Traditional magnetic recording/reading apparatus uses a longitudinal magnetic recording system, where the magnetization direction of a magnetic recording layer is longitudinal. As the size of magnetic particles in the magnetic recording layer decreases to increase the medium signal-to-noise ratio, the risk of thermal decay increases, leading to the loss of information. Therefore, there is a need for an alternative system that can overcome this issue.

Topic 2: Working Principle of Perpendicular Magnetic Recording/Reading Apparatus
Perpendicular magnetic recording/reading apparatus uses a perpendicular magnetic recording medium, where the magnetization direction of magnetic particles is perpendicular to the plane of the medium. This arrangement reduces the risk of thermal decay and allows for higher storage densities compared to traditional longitudinal magnetic recording systems.

Section 2: Advantages of Perpendicular Magnetic Recording/Reading Apparatus

Topic 3: Higher Storage Density
Perpendicular magnetic recording/reading apparatus allows for higher storage densities compared to traditional longitudinal magnetic recording systems. This is because the perpendicular arrangement of magnetic particles reduces the risk of thermal decay and enables the use of smaller magnetic particles in the magnetic recording layer.

Topic 4: Improved Stability
Perpendicular magnetic recording/reading apparatus provides improved stability compared to traditional longitudinal magnetic recording systems. This is because the perpendicular arrangement of magnetic particles reduces the likelihood of data loss due to thermal decay.

Section 3: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios

Topic 5: Application in Hard Disk Drives
Perpendicular magnetic recording/reading apparatus is widely used in hard disk drives to store digital data. The perpendicular arrangement of magnetic particles allows for higher storage densities and improved stability, making it an ideal choice for data storage applications.

Conclusion
In conclusion, perpendicular magnetic recording/reading apparatus offers several advantages over traditional longitudinal magnetic recording systems, including higher storage densities and improved stability. By understanding the principles behind this technology, we can appreciate its significance in data storage applications such as hard disk drives.


text:
Q:

What is the 'd' in the literal 12d called?

I feel like I should know the answer to this, but I don't.
What is the type character on a numeric literal called?
double myDouble = 12d;
float myFloat = 10f;

I wanted to find a complete list of them today, but couldn't come up with what to ask Google to search for.
EDIT
Found a decent list if anyone is interested
http://www.undermyhat.org/blog/2009/08/secrets-and-lies-of-type-suffixes-in-c-and-vb-net/

A:

It's called a data type suffix.

A:

Numeric Literal Suffix
A list:

uint:    u
long:    l
ulong:   ul
float:   f
decimal: m

A:

I don't know if there is an official term but the C# language spec commonly refers to them as type suffixes.

textbook:
# Lesson: Understanding Numeric Literal Suffixes in Programming Languages

In programming languages, numeric literals are used to represent numbers in a program. A numeric literal can be an integer or a floating-point number. However, the type of number being represented is not always clear from the literal itself. This is where numeric literal suffixes come into play.

Numeric literal suffixes are characters that are added to the end of a numeric literal to specify the type of number being represented. These suffixes are usually one letter long and are case-sensitive. Some common examples of numeric literal suffixes are:

- `i` for signed integer (e.g., `int`)
- `u` for unsigned integer (e.g., `uint`)
- `l` for long integer (e.g., `long`)
- `f` for floating-point number (e.g., `float`)
- `d` for double-precision floating-point number (e.g., `double`)
- `m` for decimal number (e.g., `decimal`)

Here's an example of how numeric literal suffixes work in practice:

```csharp
// Declare two variables of different types
int myInt = 5; // myInt is an integer
float myFloat = 3.14f; // myFloat is a floating-point number

// Declare a variable that can hold both integers and floating-point numbers
double myDouble = 6.0d; // myDouble is a double-precision floating-point number
```

By adding the suffix `d` to the numeric literal `6`, we are telling the compiler that we want to declare a variable of type `double`. Similarly, by adding the suffix `f` to the numeric literal `3.14`, we are telling the compiler that we want to declare a variable of type `float`.

Now let's take a look at some practice questions to test your understanding of numeric literal suffixes:

**Question 1:** What is the type of the variable `myInt` declared in the example above?

**Answer 1:** The type of the variable `myInt` is an integer.

**Question 2:** What is the type of the variable `myFloat` declared in the example above?

**Answer 2:** The type of the variable `myFloat` is a floating-point number.

**Question 3:** What is the type of the variable `myDouble` declared in the example above?

**Answer 3:** The type of the variable `myDouble` is a double-precision floating-point number.

**Question 4:** Can you give an example of a numeric literal suffix that is not commonly used?

**Answer 4:** One example of a numeric literal suffix that is not commonly used is `m` for decimal number.

In summary, numeric literal suffixes are a powerful tool that programmers can use to specify the type of number being represented. By understanding how these suffixes work, you can write more efficient and accurate code.


text:
Different recombinant forms of polyphenol oxidase A, a laccase from Marinomonas mediterranea.
Polyphenol oxidase from the marine bacterium Marinomonas mediterranea (MmPPOA) is a membrane-bound, blue, multi-copper laccase of 695 residues. It possesses peculiar properties that distinguish it from known laccases, such as a broad substrate specificity (common to tyrosinases) and a high redox potential. In order to push the biotechnological application of this laccase, the full-length enzyme was overexpressed in Escherichia coli cells with and without a C-terminal His-tag. The previous form, named rMmPPOA-695-His, was purified to homogeneity by HiTrap chelating chromatography following solubilization by 1% SDS in the lysis buffer with an overall yield of ≈1 mg/L fermentation broth and a specific activity of 1.34 U/mg protein on 2,6-dimethoxyphenol as substrate. A truncated enzyme form lacking 58 residues at the N-terminus encompassing the putative membrane binding region, namely rMmPPOA-637-His, was successfully expressed in E. coli as soluble protein and was purified by using the same procedure set-up as for the full-length enzyme. Elimination of the N-terminal sequence decreased the specific activity 15-fold (which was partially restored in the presence of 1 M NaCl) and altered the secondary and tertiary structures and the pH dependence of optimal stability. The recombinant rMmPPOA-695-His showed kinetic properties on catechol higher than for known laccases, a very high thermal stability, and a strong resistance to NaCl, DMSO, and Tween-80, all properties that are required for specific, targeted industrial applications.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Enzymes

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of enzymes and their role in biological systems.

**Materials:** None

**Introduction:** Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in living organisms. They play a crucial role in various biological processes, including digestion, respiration, and photosynthesis. In this lesson, we will learn about the structure and function of enzymes, their classification, and their importance in biological systems.

**Section 1: Enzyme Structure and Function**

Enzymes are proteins that have an active site, which is a region where the substrate binds and the reaction takes place. The shape and chemical properties of the active site allow enzymes to recognize and bind to specific substrates. This ensures that enzymes only catalyze the reactions they are supposed to, making them highly specific and efficient.

**Section 2: Classification of Enzymes**

Enzymes can be classified based on their function, substrate specificity, and mechanism of action. One common way to classify enzymes is by their substrate specificity. For example, some enzymes only catalyze the breakdown of carbohydrates (carbohydrases), while others only catalyze the synthesis of proteins (proteases).

**Section 3: Importance of Enzymes in Biological Systems**

Enzymes play a crucial role in various biological processes. For example, amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch into simple sugars, making it easier for our bodies to digest carbohydrates. Another example is the enzyme catalase, which breaks down hydrogen peroxide, a toxic byproduct of cellular respiration, into water and oxygen.

**Section 4: Practical Examples**

We can use mathematical abstractions to understand the function of enzymes in biological systems. For example, consider the Michaelis-Menten equation, which describes the relationship between the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction and the concentration of the substrate. This equation helps us understand how enzymes work and how changes in substrate concentration can affect the rate of the reaction.

**Conclusion:** In this lesson, we have learned about the structure and function of enzymes, their classification, and their importance in biological systems. We have also seen how mathematical abstractions can help us understand enzyme kinetics. By understanding these concepts, we can better appreciate the role enzymes play in our bodies and in other living organisms.

**Glossary:**

- Enzyme: A protein that acts as a biological catalyst, speeding up chemical reactions in living organisms.
- Active site: The region of an enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction takes place.
- Substrate: The molecule that binds to the active site of an enzyme.
- Specificity: The ability of an enzyme to recognize and bind to specific substrates.
- Kinetics: The study of the rate of chemical reactions.
- Michaelis-Menten equation: An equation that describes the relationship between the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction and the concentration of the substrate.


text: Thursday, March 9, 2017. Over Flu Not Savage Assault MDs NYPD Crimes too. The City and the NYPD use Ron Kuby's letter to pretend The NYPD detective not commit crimes when in fact they did they lied and police reports will party to threatening me coercion am rush to see on my attacker signed letter openly threatening me yet again which I'm guessing Joe Tacopina drafted - openly threatening a victim of a crime of the signed letter to the police is also a crime warning me to not come back that's serious and it mirrors the misogynist hate crime but I think Joe Tacopina Road using a fake account on YouTube that the NYPD acted on these are serious crimes I've gotten away with everything but murdering me.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand News Articles

Introduction:
In today's fast-paced world, reading news articles is an essential skill. Whether you're a student, a professional, or just someone who wants to stay informed about current events, being able to read and understand news articles is crucial. In this lesson, we will cover the following:

I. Reading Strategies
II. Understanding News Articles
III. Analyzing News Articles
IV. Glossary
V. Conclusion

I. Reading Strategies:

A. Skimming: When you first encounter an article, skim through it quickly to get an overview of the content. Look for headlines, bolded text, and images to get a sense of what the article is about.

B. Scanning: Once you have a general idea of what the article is about, scan through it more carefully to find specific pieces of information. Use your finger to guide your eyes across the page, and look for key words or phrases that stand out to you.

C. Close Reading: When you're ready to really dive into an article, start reading it more closely. Take your time and read each sentence carefully, paying attention to the details and nuances of the language.

II. Understanding News Articles:

A. Headlines: Headlines are designed to grab your attention and give you a quick summary of the article. However, they can sometimes be misleading or sensationalized, so don't rely solely on the headline to understand the article.

B. Leads: The lead is the first paragraph of the article, and it should give you the most important information about the story. This is where the journalist tells you what happened and why it matters.

C. Body: The body of the article is where the journalist provides more details and context about the story. This is where you'll find quotes from sources, background information, and analysis of the issue at hand.

D. Conclusion: The conclusion is the last paragraph of the article, and it should summarize the main points and give you a sense of how the story ends.

III. Analyzing News Articles:

A. Who is the target audience? Consider who the article is written for, and how the language and tone might reflect that.

B. What is the source of the information? Determine if the information comes from a reliable source, and consider any potential conflicts of interest.

C. What is the author's point of view? Consider the author's perspective and how it might influence the way the story is told.

D. What is the evidence? Look for facts, statistics, and other evidence that supports the claims made in the article.

Glossary:
- Headline: the title of an article or story, typically written in large letters and set apart from the rest of the text.
- Lead: the opening paragraph of a news story, which is meant to capture the reader's attention and provide the most important information.
- Body: the main part of a news story, where the journalist provides more details and context.
- Conclusion: the final paragraph of a news story, where the journalist summarizes the main points and provides closure.

Conclusion:
By following these reading strategies and understanding the elements of a news article, you can become a more informed and critical reader. Remember to always question the information you read and think critically about the sources and evidence presented. With these skills, you'll be well on your way to understanding and analyzing news articles with confidence.


text: Computers, peripherals and other electronic products requiring 3.5-mm jacks having PC 99 colors represent the primary markets for the CTP-354W-99 jack family. The new additions to the CTP-354W series of jacks come in pink, yellow, brown, blue, green, lime, orange and red, with other colors available for an additional charge. Other features of the connectors include switched contacts, a narrow, 8-mm wide body, and a high-temperature plastic body having an isolated bushing to minimize noise in and out of the system. The right-angle, pc board-mount jacks also have easy-to-solder tin/lead leads and a life of 5000 cycles. Both prototype and production quantities are available.. Hide comments

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Electronics and Electrical Components

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

In this lesson, we will learn about electronic components and their functions. We will start by understanding the basic concept of electronics and how it has evolved over time.

**Question:** What is electronics?
**Answer:** Electronics is the study and use of the flow of electric charge (electrons) through various components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transistors to design practical devices that operate on this fundamental principle.

**Question:** What are some examples of electronic components?
**Answer:** Some examples of electronic components include resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits.

**Question:** What is the difference between analog and digital electronics?
**Answer:** Analog electronics deals with continuous signals, while digital electronics deals with discrete signals. Analog circuits are designed to process continuous signals, such as audio and temperature, whereas digital circuits process discrete signals, such as binary numbers.

**Question:** What is the role of resistors in electronics?
**Answer:** Resistors are used to control the flow of current in a circuit and to prevent damage caused by excessive current flow. They are also used to create voltage dividers and potential dividers.

**Question:** What is the role of capacitors in electronics?
**Answer:** Capacitors are used to store electrical energy and release it when needed. They are also used to filter out unwanted signals in a circuit.

**Question:** What is the role of inductors in electronics?
**Answer:** Inductors are used to store magnetic energy and release it when needed. They are also used to filter out unwanted signals in a circuit.

**Question:** What is the role of diodes in electronics?
**Answer:** Diodes are used to allow current to flow in one direction only. They are commonly used in rectifiers, where they convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).

**Question:** What is the role of transistors in electronics?
**Answer:** Transistors are used as amplifiers or switches in electronic circuits. They can be used to control the flow of current in a circuit and amplify weak signals.

**Question:** What is the role of integrated circuits in electronics?
**Answer:** Integrated circuits are used to combine multiple electronic components into a single chip. They are used to create complex circuits that perform various functions, such as processing data or controlling motors.

### Section 2: Practical Examples

Now that we understand the theoretical concepts of electronics, let's look at some practical examples of how these components are used in everyday devices.

**Example 1:** A simple example of electronics is a flashlight. It contains a battery, a switch, and a light bulb. When you turn on the switch, the battery provides power to the light bulb, which emits light.

**Example 2:** Another example of electronics is a radio. It contains a antenna, a tuner, a amplifier, and a speaker. The antenna receives radio waves from the air, the tuner selects the frequency to be amplified, the amplifier increases the strength of the signal, and the speaker converts the electrical signal into sound.

**Example 3:** A computer is another example of electronics. It contains a motherboard, a CPU, memory, storage, and input/output devices. The motherboard connects all the components together, the CPU processes data and executes instructions, memory stores data temporarily, storage provides long-term storage, and input/output devices allow the user to interact with the computer.

**Example 4:** A smartphone is also an example of electronics. It contains a battery, a touchscreen, a processor, memory, storage, and various sensors. The battery provides power to the device, the touchscreen allows the user to input commands, the processor processes data and executes instructions, memory stores data temporarily, storage provides long-term storage, and sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes detect changes in motion.

### Section 3: Glossary

Here are some key terms that we have introduced in this lesson:

- **Electronics:** The study and use of the flow of electric charge (electrons) through various components to design practical devices.
- **Resistor:** A component used to control the flow of current in a circuit and to prevent damage caused by excessive current flow.
- **Capacitor:** A component used to store electrical energy and release it when needed.
- **Inductor:** A component used to store magnetic energy and release it when needed.
- **Diode:** A component used to allow current to flow in one direction only.
- **Transistor:** A component used as an amplifier or switch in electronic circuits.
- **Integrated circuit:** A component used to combine multiple electronic components into a single chip.

### Conclusion

In this lesson, we have learned about the basic concepts of electronics and some practical examples of how these components are used in everyday devices. We have also introduced key terms that are essential for understanding electronics. By mastering these concepts, we can apply our knowledge to new problems and continue to explore the exciting world of electronics.


text: Take ICU Setup Charter Air Ambulance in Hyderabad by Medivic Professional2 days ago Repair & Services Hyderabad 2 views Reference: QBeXDK7VeyK. Is an individual around you in an emergency and requires rapid and secure transportation service via Air Ambulance from Hyderabad to any big city hospital for better medical treatment?. Medivic Aviation furnishes super-advanced air rescue service through Air Ambulance Service in Hyderabad with an expert medical team, skilled MD doctors, and top-class medical tools for proper care of the patient at the time of relocation. Our service is too fast for your loved one, so you can book our service now.. !!! For More Information, Contact Us!!!. Medivic Aviation Air Ambulance Service. Address: Nizamabad – Mancherial – Jagdalpur Rd, Armoor, Telangana 503224. Mobile: +91-9560123309, +91-9264470192

textbook:
Lesson Title: How to Choose the Right Air Ambulance Service

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of choosing the right air ambulance service when someone needs to be transported to a hospital quickly. We will also explore the factors to consider when selecting an air ambulance service and how to determine which service is the best fit for a particular situation.

Section 1: Importance of Choosing the Right Air Ambulance Service

Topic 1: Why Choose an Air Ambulance Service?
- An air ambulance service is a medical emergency service that transports patients who need immediate medical attention to a hospital.
- This service is essential because it can save lives and provide critical medical care during transportation.

Topic 2: Factors to Consider When Choosing an Air Ambulance Service
- Reputation: Choose an air ambulance service with a good reputation for providing quality medical care and safe transportation.
- Cost: Compare prices from different services to find one that fits your budget without compromising on quality.
- Medical Team: Ensure that the medical team is experienced and skilled in providing critical care during transportation.
- Availability: Choose a service that is available 24/7 to respond to emergencies promptly.

Section 2: How to Choose the Right Air Ambulance Service

Topic 1: Research Different Services
- Look for air ambulance services in your area or the area where the emergency is occurring.
- Research the services provided by each company, including their medical team, equipment, and pricing.
- Check online reviews and ratings to get an idea of the quality of service provided by each company.

Topic 2: Compare Services
- Make a list of the services that meet your criteria and compare them based on cost, medical team, availability, and reputation.
- Choose the service that provides the best value for your money while still meeting all your requirements.

Section 3: Conclusion

In conclusion, choosing the right air ambulance service is crucial when transporting someone to a hospital quickly. By considering factors such as reputation, cost, medical team, and availability, you can choose a service that provides quality medical care and safe transportation. Remember to research different services and compare them to find the best fit for your situation. With the right air ambulance service, you can ensure that the person in need receives the critical medical care they require during transportation.


text:
Topping the trends, according to the survey, are combination therapies, with 66% of facial plastic surgeons reporting that combining nonsurgical procedures in the same patient is the most popular in their practices.

Multitasking & Maintenance

“It’s an exciting time for facial plastic surgery, with more and more noninvasive therapies becoming available to us,” says Dr Fred G. Fedok, president of the AAFPRS, in a media release. “By combining injectables, lasers, ultrasound and radiofrequency, we are able to offer highly individualized therapies to a much wider range of patients. We can also use these non-invasive options to enhance surgical results and speed recovery time for optimal outcomes.”

Whether its fillers plus neurotoxins to smooth wrinkles or energy-based treatments to lift sagging skin, patients today are all about multitasking and maintenance to slow down the hands of time. “Patients want to look good for their age for as long as possible, and we now have the tools to provide visible lasting results with and without surgery,” Fedok adds.

The Power of Prejuvenation

The number of patients under 30 seeking cosmetic tweaks continues to grow. Fifty one percent of AAFPRS members agree that more patients now emphasize early maintenance, with increasing numbers of men and women in their 20s and 30s opting for preventative measures to forestall bigger procedures and surgery. This emerging segment uses advanced skincare, practices sun prevention, and starts with facial injectables before they turn the big 3-0. In fact, more than half (56%) of facial plastic surgeons saw an increase in 2016 in cosmetic surgery or injectables with patients under age 30.

“The focus has shifted from correction to prevention. Even before the first signs of sagging, lines or volume loss, we are seeing patients adamant about stalling the aging process,” Fedok adds, in the release.

Nearly all AAFPRS members (99%) agree that celebrity influence still plays a big role. Consumers are constantly bombarded with images of ageless stars, and want access to that fountain of youth.

Chemical Peels Rise Again

Dating back to the Egyptians, chemical peels have long been a favorite for revitalizing skin. With a wide range of combinations of acids and enzymes in various concentrations from mild and moderate to deep, facial plastic surgeons can treat sun damage, brown spots, wrinkles, acne and improve lackluster skin tone and texture with peels.

Gone are the days of the red, blistering post-peel skin and days of hiding away due to more advanced and buffered solutions, Consumers are responding to these new formulations. The survey showed that chemical peels are in strong demand with over half (52%) of AAFPRS members last year.

Fedok warns in the release that, “While it may be tempting to order your own high concentration solutions on the Internet, consumers should stick to a concentration of 10% or less for peels with alpha hydroxy acids or AHAs, like salicylic and glycolic acids. Always consult with your skin care professional before trying aggressive peels on your own to avoid any possible adverse events and achieve the desired result.”

Social Media and Plastic Surgery

According to AAFPRS members, two of the top drivers for cosmetic procedures are the desire to remain competitive in the workforce and the impact of social media.

Forty-nine percent of surgeons reported patients’ wanting to stay relevant and vital at work, while social media remains a huge incentive to have some work done with even more surgeons (42%) than last year reporting patients seeking cosmetic procedures to look better in selfies, Instagram, Snapchat, Facebook Live, and other social channels.

The most requested procedures were tailored to these specific lifestyle concerns. Eyelid procedures to look less tired were reported as a rising trend by 62% of members, as well as patients seeking cosmetic procedures due to dissatisfaction with their profile (49%) and patients requesting to “get their cheekbones back” (46%).

Botox (Allergan), along with Dysport (Galderma) and Xeomin (Merz), remain the most popular minimally invasive procedure for both women and men, followed by hyaluronic acid fillers. As for surgical trends, rhinoplasty (nose surgery) leads the way again, followed by revision surgery, blepharoplasty (eyelid surgery), and facelifts.

What’s Next

“Look out for new hyaluronic acid fillers coming soon to the United States,” Fedok states. “In the meantime, recently approved Volbella for lips and Restylane Refyne and Defyne for marionette lines and deep set wrinkles will be big this year. We also predict more novel uses for botulinum toxins and super-powered topical agents that may reduce unwanted under-eye fat and smile lines.” More men are getting in on the action too, in particular with Botox and chin fat reduction treatments.

For those ready for surgical solutions, a natural-looking result is paramount. Sixty-five percent of AAFPRS surgeons reported patients asking to avoid the telltale signs of surgery including a too short tip or scooped bridge when it comes to rhinoplasty. Many members also indicated that more patients are going online and bringing in images of natural noses for guidance, the release continues.

textbook:
Lesson: Combining Nonsurgical Procedures for Facial Rejuvenation

Introduction:
Facial plastic surgery has become increasingly popular over the years as people seek to maintain their youthful appearance and boost their confidence. However, with the advent of nonsurgical procedures, patients can now achieve similar results without going under the knife. In this lesson, we will explore the benefits of combining these procedures and how they can help in facial rejuvenation.

Section 1: Understanding Combination Therapies

Topic 1: What are combination therapies?
Combination therapies refer to the use of multiple nonsurgical procedures in the same patient to achieve better results than using a single treatment. These procedures can be used to target different aspects of facial aging, such as wrinkles, sagging skin, and loss of volume.

Topic 2: Why are combination therapies popular among facial plastic surgeons?
Combination therapies are popular among facial plastic surgeons because they offer several advantages over using a single treatment. For example, by combining different procedures, surgeons can create highly personalized treatment plans that cater to each patient's unique needs. Additionally, these procedures can be used to enhance surgical results and speed up recovery time, leading to better overall outcomes.

Section 2: Popular Combination Therapies

Topic 1: Fillers and Neurotoxins
One of the most popular combination therapies involves using fillers, such as Restylane or Juvederm, along with neurotoxins like Botox. This combination can help smooth out wrinkles and create a more youthful appearance. Fillers add volume to areas where it has been lost due to aging, while neurotoxins help paralyze the muscles that cause wrinkles.

Topic 2: Lasers and Ultrasound
Another popular combination therapy involves using lasers and ultrasound to tighten sagging skin and improve texture. These procedures work by stimulating collagen production and promoting skin renewal, resulting in a smoother, more radiant complexion.

Section 3: The Benefits of Combination Therapies

Topic 1: Personalized Treatment Plans
By combining different procedures, facial plastic surgeons can create highly individualized treatment plans that cater to each patient's unique needs. This allows for greater precision and customization, leading to better overall results.

Topic 2: Enhanced Surgical Results and Recovery Time
Combination therapies can also be used to enhance surgical results and speed up recovery time. For example, using fillers and neurotoxins before a facelift can help improve the outcome of the procedure and reduce the amount of downtime required.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, combination therapies offer a powerful tool for facial plastic surgeons looking to provide their patients with highly personalized, effective treatments. By combining different nonsurgical procedures, surgeons can help their patients achieve lasting results that defy the hands of time.

Glossary:
- Combination therapies: The use of multiple nonsurgical procedures in the same patient to achieve better results than using a single treatment.
- Fillers: Injectable substances used to add volume to areas where it has been lost due to aging.
- Neurotoxins: Medications that paralyze the muscles that cause wrinkles, smoothing out facial lines.
- Lasers: Devices that emit light to stimulate collagen production and promote skin renewal.
- Ultrasound: High-frequency sound waves used to stimulate collagen production and improve skin texture.


text:
Losing weight successfully means you are shedding pounds and keeping it off. A lot of people who experience dramatic weight loss tend to put it back on eventually. When you begin your weight loss [...]

Watch out for certain products which claim they can provide you miracle results or results that are guaranteed. There are no easy weight loss solutions, only hard work will show results. Reducing [...]

When you set out to lose weight, you can get discouraged before you even start due to the overwhelming options and possibilities. Take the time to educate yourself on what really works before you [...]

textbook:
Lesson: How to Lose Weight Successfully

Introduction:
Losing weight is a goal that many people have, but not everyone knows how to do it successfully. In this lesson, we will explore the key principles of successful weight loss and provide practical tips for achieving your goals.

Section 1: Setting Realistic Expectations

Topic 1: Understanding the Importance of Sustainable Weight Loss
- Explain why sustainable weight loss is important and why quick fixes don't work.
- Discuss the importance of making long-term lifestyle changes.

Topic 2: Setting Achievable Goals
- Explain how to set realistic and achievable weight loss goals.
- Discuss the importance of breaking down larger goals into smaller, manageable steps.

Topic 3: Managing Expectations
- Discuss common misconceptions about weight loss.
- Explain why it's important to have a positive attitude and realistic expectations.

Questions and Answers:
- Why is sustainable weight loss important?
- How can I set achievable weight loss goals?
- What are some common misconceptions about weight loss?

Section 2: Making Lifestyle Changes for Successful Weight Loss

Topic 1: Diet
- Explain the importance of a healthy diet in achieving sustainable weight loss.
- Discuss the different types of diets and their pros and cons.
- Provide practical tips for making healthier food choices.

Topic 2: Exercise
- Explain why regular exercise is essential for successful weight loss.
- Discuss the different types of exercise and their benefits.
- Provide practical tips for incorporating exercise into your daily routine.

Topic 3: Mindset
- Explain how having the right mindset can help with successful weight loss.
- Discuss the importance of staying motivated and positive.
- Provide tips for managing stress and maintaining a healthy mindset.

Questions and Answers:
- What is a healthy diet?
- How does exercise help with weight loss?
- What is the best type of exercise for me?

Section 3: Practical Tips for Successful Weight Loss

Topic 1: Portion Control
- Explain what portion control is and why it's important for weight loss.
- Provide practical tips for controlling portion sizes.
- Discuss common pitfalls to avoid when eating out.

Topic 2: Hydration
- Explain the importance of hydration in weight loss.
- Discuss the benefits of drinking water and other healthy beverages.
- Provide practical tips for staying hydrated throughout the day.

Topic 3: Sleep
- Explain how sleep affects weight loss and overall health.
- Discuss the benefits of getting enough sleep.
- Provide practical tips for improving sleep habits.

Questions and Answers:
- What is portion control?
- Why is hydration important for weight loss?
- How much sleep do I need to lose weight successfully?

Conclusion:
In conclusion, successful weight loss requires a combination of sustainable lifestyle changes, including a healthy diet, regular exercise, and a positive mindset. By setting achievable goals, making healthy food choices, staying hydrated, and getting enough sleep, you can achieve your weight loss goals and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Remember to be patient and persistent, and celebrate your successes along the way.

Glossary:
- Sustainable weight loss: gradual, long-term weight loss that can be maintained over time
- Quick fix: an easy solution that promises immediate results without effort or change
- Achievable goals: goals that are realistic and attainable with effort and commitment
- Misconceptions: false beliefs or ideas about something
- Pros and cons: advantages and disadvantages of different options
- Healthy diet: a balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrient-dense foods and limits processed and unhealthy foods
- Mindset: the way one thinks or approaches a situation
- Stress: a feeling of emotional or physical tension or worry
- Hydration: the process of drinking enough water and other healthy beverages to maintain good health.


text:
Finding a place to live in Vancouver is getting harder all the time. Finding a place to stay may never have been easier: the number of rooms, suites and apartments available short-term and online has skyrocketed over the past 18 months.

Are Online Vacation Renters Displacing Vancouverites? read more

Announcements, Events & more from Tyee and select partners This Moment Calls for More Independent Journalism. We Need Your Help to Deliver It We can’t let journalism fade away. Contribute to The Tyee so we can add to our team.

Home-sharing sites like Airbnb, VRBO and Homeaway have made it easier than ever for people to list their homes for short-term rentals. Some have even started doing so professionally, outfitting entire homes for tourists.

The boom in home and apartment "sharing" has many residents concerned to the point that last month Vancouver city council voted unanimously to have staff look into the issue and suggest whether action is needed.

"The biggest negative impact is the likelihood that a significant part of our rental stock is being used for short term rental," Councillor Geoff Meggs said. "The city is committed to creating long term rental, and if it's just going to be good for tourism then we really are concerned about that."

Whether short-term rentals really remove potentially permanent accommodation from the marketplace is hard to say.

Karen Sawatzky has been examining the effect that one leading site, Airbnb, has on Vancouver's housing market, for her MA in urban studies at Simon Fraser University. The number of listings is on the rise, she found: 2,978 in January 2015, and 3,473 five months later.

By December, listing-tracking site InsideAirbnb found 4,728 places available in the city. They ranged from a spare couch to an entire house. But 67 per cent were for complete homes or apartments. The comparable rate for New York City was 52 per cent, and San Francisco, 57 per cent.

Still, Sawatzky said it's hard to quantify what effect short-term rentals have on other accommodation, since so many other factors also affect Vancouver's housing market.

What's clear is that many of those taking advantage of home-sharing sites to earn extra income are also breaking city bylaws. The law says only registered hotels and bed and breakfasts may rent accommodation for periods of less than a month at a time.

But thousands of online listings make the bylaw hard to enforce. "The existence of a listing online, or the statement of a neighbour, is not sufficient to issue a bylaw violation notice," Meggs said. "Investigations are quite complex and require a lot of evidence."

Love and hate for home-sharing

It's an issue causing civic leaders to lose sleep around the world, where reactions have run from a warm embrace, to slamming the door.

Berlin has perhaps gone furthest. It made short-term rentals illegal in 2014, except for those with permission from the city government. After a two-year transition period, the law took effect on May 1.

You can still find listings for entire units in Berlin, but their owners risk fines of up to €100,000. (The city has yet to issue its first.)

California's Santa Monica didn't ban short-term, whole-unit rentals outright. Instead, it made them expensive and unpopular. The city, with a population of about 90,000, still allows renting out a spare bedroom or shared room. But one rule pretty much ended the rental of entire homes or apartments: the host has to be living there while renters occupy the place.

City officials estimated that the rule -- plus an associated 14 per cent tax and requirement for a business licence -- would eliminate 1,400 of the 1,700 listings in Santa Monica at the time of the ordinance.

Other cities have taken a less punitive approach: laying down rules, and bringing in new revenues.

Paris is Airbnb's most popular destination, with 40,000 listings. The City of Light imposed a rental tax of 83 euro cents a night, collected automatically by Airbnb. During the last three months of last year, the tax paid the city an estimated €1.2 million. Paris also limits residents to listing their primary residence, and started aggressively cracking down on violators, fining violators up to €25,000.

Leverage is elusive

Other cities are trying to get home-sharing sites themselves to help enforce the law.

Los Angeles will debate an ordinance this June that would require residents to get a registration number from the city before they rent out their primary residence. The city wants Airbnb to require hosts to provide the number before they sign up, and on any advertisement. The proposed ordinance would also levy a 'transient occupancy' tax, and set a 90-day-per-year limit on how often residents may rent their home.

"These provisions would require platforms to turn over a log of bookings to the local government on a monthly basis," Sawatzky said. "Otherwise there's no way of verifying that info, and therefore [it would be] pointless to include booking limits."

Most booking sites have resisted turning over client data. New York City got four years worth of rental data from Airbnb only after the New York attorney general issued the San Francisco-based company a subpoena.

City supervisors in San Francisco hope to force cooperation by making sites financially liable for illegal listings. The city has had short-term rental legislation since 2014, but Supervisor David Campos claims that as of last month, 75 per cent of Airbnb San Francisco listings violate the law.

Campos has introduced city legislation to fine sites up to $1,000 per day for every illegal listing they host. Airbnb has publicly questioned the legality of the requirement, and it has yet to come to a vote.

But while most cities are fighting to stem, or at least control and perhaps profit from, the rising tide of short-term rentals, others have embraced the home-sharing economy's pitch.

For decades, the Greater London Council Act of 1973 banned short-term rentals without planning permission. Last year, the city changed the law to allow them. The Department for Communities and Local Government even released a document promoting short-term rentals, saying that they "expanded the pool of competitively priced accommodation," and helped support the city's tourism industry.

No clear-cut answer

City staff are examining those and other approaches but, Councillor Meggs said, "We'd never go for a ban in Vancouver. We've always allowed for short term rentals under a bed and breakfast license, and we liberalized that during the Olympics."

Those rules, however, require that landlords demonstrate that they have in place "business licensing, a fire plan, supervision, accountability and consumer protection," Meggs said, adding that "none of that is taken care of" by sharing sites.

"So we have to look to the past and achieve those objectives in the new environment," the councillor said, conceding that "I don't know of any city that has a clear cut solution at this stage."

Meanwhile, it's a great time to visit Vancouver, less so to live here.

textbook:
Lesson: The Impact of Short-Term Rentals on Long-Term Housing Availability

Introduction:
In many cities, the rise of short-term rental platforms like Airbnb has led to concerns about the impact on long-term housing availability. In this lesson, we will explore the factors that contribute to this issue and discuss ways to address it.

Section 1: Understanding the Issue
Topic 1: What is short-term rental?
Short-term rental refers to renting out a property for a period of less than 30 days. This type of rental is often facilitated by online platforms like Airbnb, VRBO, and HomeAway.

Topic 2: How does short-term rental affect long-term housing availability?
When properties are rented out on a short-term basis, they become unavailable for long-term tenants. This reduces the overall supply of long-term housing, which can lead to higher rents and a shortage of affordable housing options.

Section 2: Analyzing the Data
Topic 1: How many short-term rentals are there in Vancouver?
According to a report by the City of Vancouver, there were approximately 6,000 active short-term rental listings in the city in 2019.

Topic 2: How has the number of short-term rentals changed over time?
In recent years, the number of short-term rentals has increased dramatically due to the proliferation of online platforms. In Vancouver, the number of active listings has more than doubled since 2014.

Section 3: Exploring Solutions
Topic 1: What can be done to address the issue of short-term rentals and long-term housing availability?
Some potential solutions include implementing regulations that limit the number of days a property can be rented out on a short-term basis, requiring hosts to register their properties with the city, and creating incentives for property owners to rent out their properties long-term.

Topic 2: Are there any drawbacks to implementing these solutions?
Yes, some potential drawbacks include reducing the flexibility for homeowners who rely on short-term rentals for extra income and potentially discouraging tourists from visiting the city.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the rise of short-term rentals has had a significant impact on long-term housing availability in many cities, including Vancouver. By understanding the issue and exploring potential solutions, we can work towards finding a balance that benefits both residents and visitors alike.

Glossary:
- Short-term rental: Renting out a property for a period of less than 30 days
- Long-term housing availability: The total number of housing units available for long-term tenants
- Regulation: A law or set of laws that govern the behavior of individuals or organizations


text: The study Is Google Making Us Stupid? The Impact of the Internet on Reading Behaviour, by Dr Val Hooper, an associate professor in Victoria’s School of Information Management and Master’s student Channa Herath, explored the online and offline reading behaviour of individuals.. In general, online reading was found to have a negative impact on people’s cognition. Concentration, comprehension, absorption and recall rates when engaging with online material were.”. Skim reading and scanning was the most common online reading behaviour of respondents, and as a result people were getting through more material.. “Many respondents said they had learnt to read faster and more selectively, which is positive, but also said they were more likely to remember material they had read offline. It was still common practice for many people to print out material they considered most important.”. The three main reasons for reading that were mentioned.”

textbook:
Lesson: The Impact of Online Reading on Cognition

## Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will explore the impact of online reading on cognition. We will learn about the differences between online and offline reading, the benefits and drawbacks of each, and how to improve our reading habits to maximize our cognitive abilities.

## Section 2: Theoretical Concepts
Theoretical concepts covered in this lesson include:
- Attention span
- Comprehension
- Absorption
- Recall
- Skimming
- Scanning
- Selective attention

## Section 3: Practical Examples
We will use mathematical abstractions and real-world scenarios to illustrate these concepts. For example:
- Attention span: A person reads 500 words per minute online, but only remembers 50% of what they read. How many words can they remember after reading for 10 minutes?
- Comprehension: A student reads an online article about climate change. They understand the basic concepts, but struggle to grasp the complex scientific terms. How can they improve their comprehension skills?
- Absorption: A professional reads an online report about their industry. They read it thoroughly, but forget most of the information after a week. How can they improve their absorption skills?
- Recall: A person reads an online news article about a current event. They remember some details, but not others. What strategies can they use to improve their recall skills?
- Skimming: A student reads an online textbook for an upcoming exam. They skim through the pages to find the most important information. How can they skim effectively without missing important details?
- Scanning: A researcher reads an online academic journal. They scan through the article to find specific keywords and phrases. How can they scan efficiently without wasting time on irrelevant information?
- Selective attention: A person reads an online article while browsing social media. They get distracted by notifications and end up spending more time on social media than reading the article. How can they improve their selective attention skills?

## Section 4: Questions and Answers
Q: What is the difference between online and offline reading?
A: Online reading involves reading material that is available on the internet, while offline reading involves physical books or other printed materials. Online reading is typically faster and more convenient, but can lead to cognitive issues such as reduced concentration, comprehension, absorption, and recall rates. Offline reading can be slower and less convenient, but can lead to better cognitive outcomes.

Q: What are the benefits and drawbacks of online reading?
A: Benefits of online reading include accessibility, convenience, and speed. Drawbacks include reduced cognitive abilities, distractions, and the potential for misinformation.

Q: How can I improve my online reading habits?
A: To improve your online reading habits, try the following strategies:
- Set aside dedicated time for reading
- Remove distractions such as social media notifications
- Print out important material to avoid distractions
- Use techniques such as skimming and scanning to find relevant information quickly
- Take breaks to avoid burnout and fatigue

## Section 5: Glossary
- Attention span: The amount of time a person can focus on a task before becoming distracted or losing interest.
- Comprehension: The ability to understand and interpret information.
- Absorption: The ability to retain information in memory.
- Recall: The ability to retrieve information from memory.
- Skimming: Rapidly reading through a text to find the most important information.
- Scanning: Searching for specific information within a text.
- Selective attention: The ability to focus on relevant information while ignoring irrelevant information.

## Section 6: Conclusion
In conclusion, online reading has its benefits, but it can also have negative effects on cognition. By understanding the differences between online and offline reading, and by implementing strategies to improve our reading habits, we can maximize our cognitive abilities and apply them to new problems.


text: Missouri libertarians say democrats aren’t having to jump through the hoops they had to jump through when one of their statewide candidates died in 1992. Libertarian senate candidate Grant Stauffer says the secretary of state wouldn’t allow the party to keep Ogden Scoville on the ballot as a gubernatorial candidate when he died within a year of the election, and he says democrats shouldn’t be able to keep Mel Carnahan’s name on the ballot. But Floyd Gilzow, then the executive deputy secretary of state, sees two flaws in the argument: Scoville had never formally filed for the office, and libertarians weren’t a formally recognized political party. Gilzow sees no relevance in the Scoville case to the Carnahan case.

textbook:
Lesson: The Electoral Process in Missouri

## Introduction
The electoral process is an essential part of any democracy. In this lesson, we will learn about the electoral process in Missouri, including how candidates get on the ballot, how votes are counted, and what happens if a candidate dies during the campaign.

## Section 1: How Candidates Get on the Ballot

In Missouri, candidates for public office must follow certain procedures to get on the ballot. These procedures vary depending on the office being sought and the political party affiliation of the candidate.

For example, to run for U.S. Senate, a candidate must collect signatures from at least 5% of the registered voters in each of Missouri's eight congressional districts. If the candidate is successful in getting on the ballot, their name will appear alongside the names of other candidates who have also qualified for the election.

## Section 2: How Votes are Counted

Once the ballots have been cast, the next step is to count the votes. This process can take several days or even weeks, depending on the size of the electorate and the complexity of the ballot. In Missouri, votes are counted by hand, and the results are tallied by electronic voting machines.

After the votes have been counted, the results are tabulated and reported to the appropriate authorities. In some cases, a recount may be requested if the margin of victory is very close.

## Section 3: What Happens if a Candidate Dies During the Campaign

In the event that a candidate dies during the campaign, there are several possible outcomes. One possibility is that the candidate's name remains on the ballot, but they are no longer eligible to serve if elected. Another possibility is that the candidate's name is removed from the ballot, and the election is held again with new candidates.

In Missouri, the law states that if a candidate dies before the election, their name must be removed from the ballot. However, if the candidate dies after the election but before the results are certified, their name remains on the ballot, and they may still be elected if they receive the most votes.

## Conclusion

Understanding the electoral process is essential for anyone who wants to participate in our democracy. By following the procedures outlined in this lesson, you can learn how candidates get on the ballot, how votes are counted, and what happens if a candidate dies during the campaign. Remember that the electoral process is an essential part of our democracy, and it is up to each citizen to participate actively in it.


text: >>. In its aim to provide livelihood opportunities to its host communities, Redondo Peninsula Energy, Inc. (RP Energy) officially launched today [...]. As part of its efforts to enhance the biodiversity and the marine ecosystem in the Subic area, RP Energy, together [...]. Redondo Peninsula Energy, Inc. (RP Energy) recently conducted an Information, Education and Communication (IEC) session with the Social Action Center [...]. In its aim to save lives and make the beaches of Zambales “drown-free”, Zambales Resorts Owners Association (ZamROA) and the [...]. RP Energy, together with the Subic Bay Futbol Club and the Amihan FC, recently launched its BatangGapo Futsal program. The [...]

textbook:
## Lesson: How to Write a Press Release
### Introduction
 A press release is a written statement that announces something newsworthy about a person or organization. It is used to share information with the media, which can then decide whether to publish the story or not. Writing a good press release is essential because it can help you reach a wider audience and increase your visibility. In this lesson, we will learn how to write a press release that is clear, concise, and engaging.
### Section 1: Understanding the Purpose of a Press Release
The purpose of a press release is to inform the public about something newsworthy. It is a tool that allows you to share your message with a large audience quickly and effectively. A well-written press release can help you achieve your communication goals and build relationships with your target audience.
### Section 2: Writing a Clear and Concise Press Release
To write a clear and concise press release, follow these tips:
- Start with a strong headline that captures the reader's attention and summarizes the main message of the press release.
- Use short paragraphs and sentences to make the press release easy to read and understand.
- Use active voice and avoid jargon to make the press release clear and concise.
- Include all the necessary information, such as who, what, when, where, why, and how.
- Use quotes from relevant sources to add credibility and interest to the press release.
- End with a call to action that encourages the reader to take action, such as visiting your website or contacting you for more information.
### Section 3: Making Your Press Release Engaging
To make your press release engaging, follow these tips:
- Use a lively tone that reflects the tone of your brand.
- Use vivid language and descriptive details to paint a picture in the reader's mind.
- Use visual aids, such as images or videos, to add interest and depth to the press release.
- Use storytelling techniques to make the press release more engaging and memorable.
- Use social media to share the press release and engage with your audience.
### Conclusion
In conclusion, writing a press release is an essential skill for anyone who wants to communicate effectively with the media and the public. By following the tips in this lesson, you can write a clear, concise, and engaging press release that achieves your communication goals and builds relationships with your target audience.


text: Today’s cutting-edge, rigorous and relevant career and technical education (CTE) prepares youth and adults for a wide range of high-wage, high-skill, high-demand careers in established and emerging industries.. what is career and Technical education?. - Educates students for a range of career options through 16 Career Clusters® and 79+ pathways. - Offers clear pathways to industry certifications, post-secondary certificates and degrees. - Partners with businesses to prepare students for tomorrow’s workforce. - Fulfills employer needs in high-skill, high-wage, high-demand areas. - Prepares students to be college- and career-ready by providing core academic skills, employability skills and technical, job-specific skills. The more students participate in career and technical student organizations, the higher their academic motivation, academic engagement, grades, career self-efficacy, college aspirations and employability skills.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Career and Technical Education
## I. What is Career and Technical Education?
Career and Technical Education (CTE) is an educational program that prepares students for a range of career options through 16 Career Clusters® and 79+ pathways. CTE offers clear pathways to industry certifications, post-secondary certificates, and degrees. It partners with businesses to prepare students for tomorrow's workforce and fulfills employer needs in high-skill, high-wage, high-demand areas. CTE prepares students to be college- and career-ready by providing core academic skills, employability skills, and technical, job-specific skills.
## II. Why is CTE Important?
CTE is important because it provides students with the skills and knowledge they need to succeed in the workforce. It also helps students explore different career paths and make informed decisions about their future. CTE programs are designed to be hands-on and practical, which means that students can apply what they learn in the classroom to real-world situations. This helps them develop valuable problem-solving and critical thinking skills that will serve them well in their future careers.
## III. How does CTE benefit students?
CTE benefits students by providing them with a range of career options and helping them develop the skills they need to succeed in those careers. CTE programs also provide students with opportunities to gain industry certifications, post-secondary certificates, and degrees, which can help them stand out in the job market. Additionally, CTE programs often include internships or other forms of on-the-job training, which can provide students with valuable work experience and help them build their resumes.
## IV. What are some examples of CTE programs?
Some examples of CTE programs include health sciences, information technology, engineering and architecture, and culinary arts. These programs vary in length and intensity, but all provide students with the skills and knowledge they need to succeed in their chosen fields.
## V. Conclusion
In conclusion, CTE is an essential part of any comprehensive education program. It provides students with the skills and knowledge they need to succeed in the workforce and makes them more competitive in the job market. By participating in CTE programs, students can explore different career paths and make informed decisions about their future. Whether you're interested in healthcare, technology, or the culinary arts, there's a CTE program that's right for you.
## Glossary
- Career Clusters: Groups of occupations and industries that share similarities
- Employability Skills: Skills that are necessary for success in the workplace, such as teamwork, communication, and problem-solving
- Industry Certifications: Certifications that demonstrate proficiency in a specific skill or set of skills
- Post-Secondary Certificates: Certificates awarded by colleges or universities after completion of a specific program of study
- Degrees: Academic awards given by colleges or universities after completion of a specific program of study