text: Flick3D. 3D touch over i2c. Flick3D is a fairly popular Raspberry Pi HAT. But it also has another variant called the Flick Large which breaks out i2c so that its usable with other development boards.. Flick3D is based on the MGC3030/3130, a 3D gesture recognition and motion tracking controller chips based on Microchip’s patented GestIC® technology.. Making it work with MRAA. The Flick git repo already provides us with a cpp based implementation, but its based on Arduino or wiringpi, both of which are not compatible with 96Boards as they are very specific to the Raspberry Pi and Arduino Boards. 96Boards uses more generic solution, mraa().. So I went ahead and ported the library to use mraa, this should work with RaspberryPi as well as its compatible with mraa. Take a look at the source at the Projects Org Repo

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to 3D Touch and Gesture Recognition

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
In this lesson, we will learn about 3D touch and gesture recognition, which are technologies that allow devices to sense the position and movement of objects in three dimensions. These technologies are used in a variety of applications, including gaming, virtual reality, and robotics.

### Section 2: Practical Examples
Let's consider an example of how 3D touch and gesture recognition can be used in a real-world scenario. Imagine you are playing a video game that requires you to aim and shoot at targets. With 3D touch and gesture recognition, you could use hand gestures to control the movement of your character and the direction of your shots. For instance, you could move your hands in a certain way to make your character walk or run, and move your fingers to aim your weapon.

### Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions
One question that arises when discussing 3D touch and gesture recognition is how accurate these technologies really are. Some people argue that they are not accurate enough to replace traditional input methods such as buttons and keys. Others argue that as technology improves, these methods will become more accurate and reliable. What do you think? Do you think that 3D touch and gesture recognition will eventually replace traditional input methods, or will they always be secondary to them?

### Glossary
- GestIC: A patented technology by Microchip that enables 3D gesture recognition and motion tracking.
- MGC3030/3130: A 3D gesture recognition and motion tracking controller chip based on GestIC technology.
- 96Boards: An open-source hardware platform for embedded and IoT applications.
- mraa(): A C++ library for interacting with sensors and other peripherals on 96Boards.

### Conclusion
In conclusion, we have learned about 3D touch and gesture recognition, their practical applications, and the ongoing debate about their accuracy. We have also defined key terms using a glossary. By understanding these concepts, we can apply them to new problems and develop innovative solutions.


text: President/Owner/Founder of Accu+Plus Dental Lab. Born in Kassel, Germany, raised in Canada and a Graduate of George Brown College. A few years after receiving his R.D.T in 1977 Accu+Plus open its doors.. Achim is very knowledgeable in all phases of fixed and removable restorations. His expertise is implants, attachments, cad/cam and quality control. He continues to educate himself by taking continuing education courses and lectures.. Achim is currently an active Vice-President of ADTO and a member of Cal-Lab, AACD and DIAC.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Entrepreneurship and Business Management

## Section 1: Introduction
Entrepreneurship and business management are essential skills for anyone who wants to start their own business or work in a managerial position. In this lesson, we will explore the core values of entrepreneurship and business management and learn how they can be applied in various scenarios.

## Section 2: Core Values
The core value of entrepreneurship is the ability to identify a need in the market and create a product or service that meets that need. This requires creativity, innovation, and risk-taking. Business management, on the other hand, involves planning, organizing, and directing resources to achieve business objectives. This requires effective communication, problem-solving, and decision-making skills.

## Section 3: Applications
Entrepreneurship and business management can be applied in various scenarios, such as starting a new business, managing a team, or improving existing processes. For example, a business owner may identify a need for a new product in the market and create a business plan to launch the product. They may also manage their team to ensure that the product is developed efficiently and effectively. Similarly, a manager may identify inefficiencies in the production process and implement changes to improve productivity and reduce costs.

## Section 4: Practical Examples
Let's consider a dental lab that wants to improve its production process. The owner, who has an entrepreneurial mindset, identifies a need for faster and more accurate production. They research cad/cam technology and decide to invest in it. They then manage their team to ensure that the new technology is implemented effectively. As a result, the production process becomes more efficient, and the lab can produce more dental prosthetics in less time.

## Section 5: Conclusion
Entrepreneurship and business management are essential skills for anyone who wants to succeed in the business world. By understanding the core values of entrepreneurship and business management and applying them in various scenarios, individuals can create new products and services, improve existing processes, and ultimately achieve their business objectives.


text: New England Premium Conure Blend No Sunflower 3lb. Conures are extremely active and have a high metabolic rate; conures also have a relatively short attention span and become bored quickly.These characteristics directly relate to the types of food they consume as well as the variety they need.. Premium Conure Blend contains more than 30% fruit, nuts and vegetables mixed together with a broad range of fresh grains all of which offer different shapes, colors and textures. Supplying the necessary nutrients in an abundance of natural foodstuffs provides optimum nutrition and the pleasure of enjoying food.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Nutrition for Conures

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Nutrition is essential for the health and wellbeing of all living organisms, including birds like conures. Proper nutrition ensures that the bird's body receives the necessary vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients to function correctly. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of nutrition for conures and how to create a balanced diet for them.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

Conures are highly active birds that require a high-energy diet. A good diet for a conure should contain more than 30% fruits, nuts, and vegetables mixed with a variety of fresh grains. This variety ensures that the bird gets the necessary nutrients while enjoying different shapes, colors, and textures. Let's look at some examples of foods that are suitable for conures:

- Fruits: Apples, bananas, berries, oranges, and pears
- Vegetables: Broccoli, carrots, corn, peas, and sweet potatoes
- Nuts: Almonds, cashews, peanuts, pistachios, and walnuts
- Grains: Brown rice, oats, quinoa, and whole wheat bread

To create a balanced diet, you can mix these foods together and offer them to your conure throughout the day. Remember to keep the portions small and offer fresh water for hydration.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

Why is it essential to offer a variety of foods to conures?

- A variety of foods ensures that the bird gets all the necessary nutrients.
- Different shapes, colors, and textures keep the bird interested and engaged.
- A diverse diet helps prevent boredom and promotes a healthy appetite.

How can you ensure that your conure is getting enough nutrients?

- Consult with an avian veterinarian to determine the appropriate diet for your conure.
- Research the nutritional content of the food you offer to ensure it meets the bird's needs.
- Monitor your conure's weight and overall health to ensure that it is maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

Glossary:
- Nutrients: Substances in food that provide energy and help the body grow, develop, and function properly.
- Macronutrients: Nutrients that the body needs in relatively large amounts, including proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
- Avian veterinarian: A veterinarian who specializes in the care of birds.

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned about the importance of nutrition for conures and how to create a balanced diet for them. We explored the benefits of offering a variety of foods, including fruits, nuts, vegetables, and grains. We also engaged in self-debating discussions to deepen our understanding of the topic. By applying these concepts, we can ensure that our conures receive the necessary nutrients to live healthy and happy lives.


text: Putin Dream. Dreamed with Vladmir Putin for quite awhile last night. I was going along with him on a road where I used my motorcycle and then we’d get off and talk … a lot. I remember switching to my car and we continued to talk. He seemed to understand a lot of things and was open to many things I shared. I told him about miracles and some other things about the Lord.. (Visited 22 times, 1 visits today).

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Dreams

Introduction:
Dreams are a natural part of the sleep cycle, during which our brains process information from the day and consolidate memories. They can be vivid or subtle, pleasant or unpleasant, and often leave us wondering what they mean. In this lesson, we will explore the science behind dreaming and learn how to interpret their symbolism.

Section 1: The Science of Dreams

**Theoretical Concept:** Dreams are a result of the brain's activity during the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep.

**Practical Example:** During REM sleep, our brains are highly active, and our bodies experience muscle paralysis to prevent us from acting out our dreams.

**Formula:** REM sleep = Rapid Eye Movement + High Brain Activity + Muscle Paralysis

**Questions and Answers:**
- Why do we dream?
  - We dream to process information and consolidate memories from the day.

- What happens during REM sleep?
  - Our brains become highly active, and our bodies experience muscle paralysis.

Section 2: Interpreting Dream Symbolism

**Theoretical Concept:** Dream symbols are representations of our emotions, desires, and experiences.

**Practical Example:** Dreaming about a snake can symbolize fear or temptation, while dreaming about a mountain can represent a challenge or achievement.

**Definition of Purpose:** Understanding the meaning behind dream symbols can help us better understand ourselves and our emotions.

**Questions and Answers:**
- How do I interpret my dreams?
  - To interpret your dreams, start by identifying the symbols and emotions they evoke. Then, think about how these symbols relate to your life and experiences.

- Can dreams predict the future?
  - No, dreams cannot predict the future. However, they can provide insights into our subconscious thoughts and desires.

Section 3: Applying Dream Interpretation to Real Life

**Theoretical Concept:** By understanding the symbolism behind our dreams, we can gain insights into our emotions and experiences.

**Practical Example:** If you dream about being chased, it may indicate that you feel threatened or overwhelmed in your waking life.

**Definition of Purpose:** By applying dream interpretation to real life, we can better understand ourselves and our emotions.

**Questions and Answers:**
- How can I apply dream interpretation to my daily life?
  - By reflecting on your dreams and identifying the symbols and emotions they evoke, you can gain insights into your subconscious thoughts and desires. This can help you better understand yourself and your experiences.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, dreams are a natural part of the sleep cycle and can provide valuable insights into our emotions and experiences. By understanding the science behind dreaming and interpreting dream symbols, we can apply these insights to our daily lives and gain a deeper understanding of ourselves.


text: Beautiful and spacious single family home in sought after Avondale neighborhood! 5 bedrooms & 3.5 baths! Full, finished basement makes the perfect 'Rec Room' and/or 'In Law' arrangement with it's bedroom and full bath. 3 bedrooms all on the same floor, main floor bedroom makes the perfect home office. Newer rehab, 2013 boasts gorgeous finishes including dark hardwood floors & custom millwork. White, eat-in kitchen, with island, large pantry, tile backsplash and built in buffet offers ample storage. Sizable deck located directly off the kitchen is perfect for BBQ and entertaining. Large, fenced in yard with a 2 car garage. 2 HVACs for efficiency! Contemporary bathrooms with mosaic tile. Beautiful tree lined street, lots of parks, restaurants, 90/94 access and just 3 blocks to the Blue line.. The broker providing these data believes them to be correct, but advises interested parties to confirm them before relying on them in a purchase decision.. This IDX solution is (c) Diverse Solutions 2017.

textbook:
Lesson: Real Estate Basics
Introduction:
Real estate is a lucrative industry that involves buying, selling, or renting land, buildings, or housing. It is an essential part of our daily lives, as we need a place to live, work, and play. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of real estate, including what it is, how it works, and why it is important.
Section 1: What is Real Estate?
Real estate is a type of property that includes land, buildings, and other improvements on the land. It can also include natural resources like water, minerals, and crops. Real estate is a valuable asset that can be bought, sold, or rented out for profit.
Section 2: How Does Real Estate Work?
Real estate works by connecting buyers and sellers through a series of transactions. These transactions involve negotiating a price, signing a contract, and transferring ownership of the property. Real estate agents and brokers help facilitate these transactions by providing information about the property, negotiating on behalf of the buyer or seller, and handling the paperwork.
Section 3: Why is Real Estate Important?
Real estate is important because it provides shelter, security, and stability for individuals and families. It is also a major contributor to the economy, creating jobs and generating wealth. Real estate investments can provide a steady stream of income, and can be passed down as an inheritance.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, real estate is a vital part of our society, providing us with a place to call home, work, and play. By understanding the basics of real estate, we can make informed decisions when buying, selling, or renting property. Whether you are a first-time homebuyer or an experienced investor, real estate is a valuable asset that can provide financial security and stability.
Glossary:
- Real estate: Property that includes land, buildings, and other improvements on the land.
- Broker: A person who helps facilitate real estate transactions by providing information, negotiating, and handling paperwork.
- Contract: A legally binding agreement between two parties that outlines the terms and conditions of a transaction.
- Improvements: Structures or additions to the land that increase its value.
- Natural resources: Resources like water, minerals, and crops that are found on the land.


text:
48 B.R. 1 (1984)
In re SOUND EMPORIUM, INC., Debtor.
Bankruptcy No. 6-81-00186-T-7.
United States Bankruptcy Court, W.D. Texas, Waco Division.
November 9, 1984.
John Guinn, Copperas Cove, Tex., for Sound Emporium.
Adrian Overstreet, of Kammerman, Overstreet & Huren, Austin, Tex., for Texas Bank and Trust.
Grover Hartt, III, Asst. U.S. Atty., Dallas, Tex., for U.S.

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
BERT W. THOMPSON, Chief Judge.
On this date came on to be considered in the above styled and numbered cause, the Motion of the United States to Modify Automatic Stay and the Intervention In Motion to Modify Automatic Stay filed by Texas Bank and Trust of Temple, Texas. The Court, having reviewed the pleadings in this cause and examined the evidence, and having heard the arguments of and authorities cited by counsel for both parties, hereby renders the following Memorandum Opinion and Order in support of the Judgment declaring that the Internal Revenue Service has the right to setoff the taxes owing from the debtor by the amount owing from the United States Army to the debtor. All Findings of Fact, made herein, may be considered Conclusions of Law, if appropriate. All Conclusions of Law not specifically made herein are deemed made in support of this Memorandum Opinion and Order.
The facts relevant to this proceeding can be summarized as follows:
On October 8, 1981, Sound Emporium, Inc., filed a Petition under Chapter 7 of Title 11 of the United States Code. A *2 timely Proof of Claim was filed by the Internal Revenue Service (hereinafter "IRS") on October 12, 1982. This Proof of Claim asserted a claim for unpaid withholding FICA and FUTA taxes in the amount of $9,900.25. The original Proof of Claim failed to assert a right of setoff.
On January 31, 1983, the United States Army's Finance and Accounting Center in Indianapolis, Indiana sent a letter to the IRS advising that it was holding $4,890.20 owing to Sound Emporium. The Army's letter to the IRS was addressed to the District Director in Dallas, Texas and did not reach the proper District and personnel until June 3, 1983.
Upon learning of the army debt, the IRS amended its Proof of Claim to assert a setoff of the Army debt for partial satisfaction of the tax liability owed by Sound Emporium. The amended Proof of Claim was filed on August 2, 1983. The debt from which the claim for setoff arose accrued on October 1, 1981, when Sound Emporium delivered two (2) computer printers to Fort Hood Army Base.
The issues presented for determination by this Court are: (1) whether the United States waived its right to setoff by failing to claim that right in its original Proof of Claim, and (2) whether the setoff should be permitted even if the claim of the United States is subordinate to other claims filed.
It is a well settled principle that amendments to proofs of claim are permitted where the amendment is the result of a party's lack of knowledge or mistake of fact. Amendments to proofs of claim may also be made after the expiration of the statutory period for the filing of claims so long as the parties did not rely to their detriment on the original proof of claim. Chassen v. United States, 207 F.2d 83 (2d Cir.1953), cert. denied 346 U.S. 923, 74 S.Ct. 309, 98 L.Ed. 416 (1954). The Fifth Circuit in In Re Diplomat Electric, Inc., 499 F.2d 342 (5th Cir.1974) adopted the ruling espoused in Chassen holding that an amendment after the running of the statutory period was permissible where there had been no detrimental reliance on the omission by other creditors. Id. at 347.
In the case at bar the IRS duly filed its Proof of Claim within the allotted time period. Not until several months after its original filing did the IRS learn that a disparate component of the United States Government, the Army, held funds which were available for setoff against the debt owed by Sound Emporium. Upon learning of the Army debt, though after the expiration of the statutory period for filing claims, the IRS amended its Proof of Claim to reflect a setoff.
It is apparent from the record that the statement in the original Proof of Claim that no offsets were available was the result of a good faith mistake in that the IRS promptly amended its Proof of Claim. Furthermore, it is evident that Texas Bank and Trust did not detrimentally rely on the original Proof of Claim filed by the Internal Revenue Service in that the Motion in Intervention filed by the bank is devoid of any such claim.
In turning to the question of whether the IRS may exercise its right to setoff, we must determine whether the subordinate nature of this claim precludes the use of Section 553 to offset the Army debt against the federal tax lien.
Section 553 permits setoff of claims between the bankrupt and a third party. "It applies both where the third party's claim is the larger and he seeks to be allowed a share of the estate, and where the bankrupt's claim is the larger and the bankrupt seeks to be paid on his claim against the third party." Rochelle v. United States, 521 F.2d 844, 855 (5th Cir.1975), modified on other grounds, 526 F.2d 405 (1976), cert. denied, 426 U.S. 948, 96 S.Ct. 3168, 49 L.Ed.2d 1185 (1976). Therefore, a claim may be setoff under Section 553 as long as it arises from a mutual obligation and it is not disallowed under any section of the Code. See, 4 Collier on Bankruptcy § 553.01[4].
Section 507(a)(6) allows the payment of unsecured claims of governmental units in *3 the nature of taxes. The claim asserted by the IRS is for withholding, FICA and FUTA taxes. This tax claim is clearly within the purview of Section 507(a)(6).
Under Section 553 it is not mandatory that the debt and claim be of an identical character. The only requirement is that the debt and claim be mutualthat something is owed by both sides. See, Ivanhoe Bldg. & Loan Association v. Orr, 295 U.S. 243, 55 S.Ct. 685, 79 L.Ed. 1419 (1935). In the case at bar there are mutual obligations between the United States and the debtor.
The Fifth Circuit in Rochelle v. United States, supra, specifically addressed the issue of whether Section 553 could be employed to offset a subordinated claim. The Rochelle Court held that a "subordinated claim can be used to setoff a claim by the bankrupt estate against the creditor even though the subordinated claim could not itself share in the dividends." Rochelle, at 855.
In keeping with the Fifth Circuit's ruling in Rochelle, the claim of the Internal Revenue Service for withholding, FICA and FUTA taxes, though subordinate to the claim of Texas Bank and Trust, may be offset by the amount due the debtor by the United States Army for goods delivered.
Therefore, an order shall be entered declaring that the debt owed the Internal Revenue Service by the debtor in the amount of $9,900.25 shall be offset by the debt due the debtor, Sound Emporium, Inc., by the United States Army in the amount of $4,890.20 thereby leaving a net total due the Internal Revenue Service of $5,010.05.

ORDER
In accordance with the facts and law fully set out in the Court's Memorandum Opinion on the Motion of the United States to Modify Automatic Stay and the Intervention in Motion to Modify Automatic Stay filed by Texas Bank & Trust, this Court is of the opinion that the automatic stay should be modified, it is therefore
ORDERED, ADJUDGED, and DECREED that the debt owed the Internal Revenue Service by Sound Emporium, Inc., in the principal amount of $9,900.25 shall be offset by the debt owing to Sound Emporium, Inc. by the United States Army in the principal sum of $4,890.20 thereby leaving a balance owed by the debtor to the Internal Revenue Service of $5,010.05. The remaining balance due it to be paid in due order as a priority claim under Section 507(a)(6).
All other relief sought by the parties which is not specifically granted herein is denied.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Legal Writing

### Overview

Legal writing is a specific form of writing that lawyers use to communicate with clients, judges, and other legal professionals. It requires a clear and concise style, as well as an understanding of legal terminology and procedures. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of legal writing, including the structure of legal documents, the use of legal language, and the importance of clarity and concision.

### Objectives

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

1. Identify the key elements of legal writing, including the structure of legal documents, the use of legal language, and the importance of clarity and concision.
2. Understand the purpose of legal writing and how it differs from other forms of writing.
3. Analyze legal documents and identify the key legal concepts and arguments presented.
4. Apply legal writing principles to their own writing, including the use of clear and concise language, proper formatting, and the appropriate use of legal terminology.

### Lesson Plan

I. Introduction to Legal Writing
- Definition of legal writing and its purpose
- Overview of the structure of legal documents
- Introduction to legal language and terminology

II. Structure of Legal Documents
- Introduction to the basic structure of legal documents, including pleadings, briefs, and opinions
- Explanation of the role of each part of a legal document
- Discussion of the importance of proper formatting and citation

III. Legal Language and Terminology
- Introduction to legal language and terminology
- Explanation of the importance of using legal language correctly
- Discussion of common legal terms and phrases

IV. Clarity and Concision in Legal Writing
- Discussion of the importance of clarity and concision in legal writing
- Examples of clear and concise legal writing
- Analysis of the impact of unclear or convoluted legal writing on the reader

V. Analyzing Legal Documents
- Exercise: Students will analyze a sample legal document and identify the key legal concepts and arguments presented
- Discussion: Students will share their analysis and ask questions about the document

VI. Applying Legal Writing Principles
- Exercise: Students will write a short legal document, applying the principles learned in the lesson
- Feedback: Teacher will provide feedback on the clarity and concision of the student's writing

VII. Conclusion
- Summary of key takeaways from the lesson
- Encouragement to practice legal writing skills in future assignments

VIII. Glossary
- Definition of key legal terms used in the lesson

### Glossary

automatic stay - a provision of bankruptcy law that prevents creditors from collecting debts from a debtor during the pendency of a bankruptcy case;
brief - a written legal argument presented to a court or other decision-making body;
pleading - a formal written statement made in a court proceeding;
opinion - a written statement by a judge or justice explaining the legal reasons for a decision;
concision - the quality of being concise, clear, and to the point;
terminology - the specialized vocabulary of a particular field;
formatting - the arrangement of text and graphics on a page;
citation - the process of referencing sources of information, such as legal cases or statutes, to support an argument.


text: SMC is excited to announce that Dr. Kirk Hansen has been appointed to the Spartanburg Methodist College faculty as professor of History. Hansen, who completed his doctorate in history from the University of Dundee in Scotland in 2015, has been employed at SMC as an adjunct faculty member since January.. Outside of the classroom, Hansen’s research interests focus on the experiences of Scottish Jews in World War I. In Spartanburg, he plans to pursue similar research with local minority communities. At SMC, he’ll teach courses focused on U.S. and European history to undergraduate students.. Hansen earned master’s (2009) and bachelor’s (2007) degrees in history from Bob Jones University.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Become a Successful Historian

## Section 1: Introduction to the Field of History

History is the study of past events and the people who lived through them. It helps us understand how societies evolved over time and how current events are connected to the past. In this lesson, we will explore the field of history and learn about the qualities needed to become a successful historian.

### Questions and Answers

Q: What is history?
A: History is the study of past events and the people who lived through them.

Q: Why is history important?
A: History helps us understand how societies evolved over time and how current events are connected to the past.

Q: What qualities are needed to become a successful historian?
A: A successful historian needs to have strong research skills, critical thinking abilities, and excellent writing skills.

## Section 2: Researching and Writing History

As a historian, you will spend most of your time researching and writing about the past. In this section, we will learn about the research process and the different types of sources historians use to gather information. We will also explore the importance of clear and concise writing in history.

### Questions and Answers

Q: What is the research process like for a historian?
A: The research process involves finding reliable sources of information, analyzing them, and drawing conclusions based on the evidence.

Q: What types of sources do historians use?
A: Historians use primary sources, such as diaries or letters written by people who experienced the event being studied, and secondary sources, such as books and articles written by other historians.

Q: Why is clear and concise writing important in history?
A: Clear and concise writing allows readers to understand your arguments and evidence clearly. It also shows that you have carefully thought through your ideas and have presented them in a logical and organized way.

## Section 3: Applying Historical Skills to Real-World Problems

Historians use their skills to analyze current events and issues. In this section, we will explore how historical thinking can help us understand and solve real-world problems.

### Questions and Answers

Q: How can historical thinking help us understand current events?
A: Historical thinking helps us understand the context and background of current events, which can give us a better understanding of why things happen the way they do.

Q: How can historical thinking help us solve real-world problems?
A: Historical thinking can help us identify patterns and trends that can inform our decision-making processes. It can also help us understand how past solutions have worked or failed, so we can avoid making the same mistakes.

## Conclusion

Becoming a successful historian requires strong research skills, critical thinking abilities, and excellent writing skills. By studying history, we can gain a deeper understanding of the past and apply those lessons to current events and issues. With these skills, historians can make valuable contributions to society and help shape the future.


text: The man’s armour shines in the midday sun, lances and horse harnesses clatter. Nobleman Gottfried von Bouillon rushes on to meet the enemy Seljuk army on July 1, 1097 A.D., next to him his knights. As one of the first crusaders in the Middle Ages, the Duke spread fear and terror among his enemies. The equipment of the heavily armoured riders was especially impressive. But what is a crusader and what is his typical gear?

textbook:
## Lesson: What is a Crusader and What is His Typical Gear?
### Section 1: Introduction
A crusader is a person who participates in a war or expedition, especially one undertaken to restore or defend the Christian faith. In the Middle Ages, crusaders were European knights who fought in wars against non-Christian people, particularly Muslims. They were motivated by religious beliefs and the desire to gain power, land, and wealth.
### Section 2: Typical Gear of a Crusader
The typical gear of a crusader included several pieces of armor and weapons that provided protection and offense during battles. These items were usually made of metal and were designed to withstand the impact of swords, arrows, and other weapons. Some of the most common pieces of gear included:
- Helmet: A metal helmet that covered the entire head, including the face, and had a visor to protect the eyes.
- Armor: A suit of armor that covered the entire body, including the chest, back, arms, and legs. It was made of metal plates that were connected together and provided protection against swords, arrows, and other weapons.
- Lance: A long spear that was used to charge into enemy lines during battles.
- Horse harnesses: Metal straps that were attached to the horse's body to provide additional protection.
- Shield: A large, flat piece of wood or metal that was carried by the knight and used to protect the body from enemy attacks.
### Section 3: Practical Examples Using Mathematical Abstractions and Real-World Scenarios
Let's consider a scenario where a crusader is facing an opponent in a battle. The crusader has a lance that is 6 feet long and weighs 10 pounds. The opponent is wearing a suit of armor that is 3 feet tall and weighs 50 pounds. Using the principles of physics, we can calculate the force exerted by the crusader when he charges into the opponent.
Force = mass x acceleration
The mass of the lance is 10 pounds, and the acceleration due to gravity is 32 feet per second squared. Therefore, the force exerted by the crusader is:
Force = 10 x 32 = 320 pounds
Similarly, we can calculate the force exerted by the opponent when he tries to block the lance with his shield. The mass of the shield is 20 pounds, and the acceleration due to gravity is 32 feet per second squared. Therefore, the force exerted by the opponent is:
Force = 20 x 32 = 640 pounds
In this scenario, the crusader has an advantage over the opponent because he is using a longer and heavier weapon. However, the opponent has a stronger shield that can absorb more force and protect him from the crusader's attack.
### Section 4: Self-Debating Discussions
- How effective were the crusades in achieving their goals of restoring and defending the Christian faith?
- What were the long-term effects of the crusades on European society and culture?
- How did the technology and tactics of the crusaders compare to those of their enemies?
### Section 5: Conclusion
In conclusion, the crusades were a significant event in European history that had a profound impact on the development of Western civilization. The crusaders were motivated by religious beliefs and the desire to gain power, land, and wealth. Their typical gear included helmets, armor, lances, horse harnesses, and shields. By understanding the principles of physics, we can analyze the forces exerted by the crusaders and their opponents in battles. The crusades had both positive and negative effects on European society and culture, and their legacy continues to be debated today.


text: Quick Info. - IT Home. - News/Blog. - How Tos. - IT Support. - Office Hours for Staff Support. - Office Hours for Student Support. eduroam (education roaming) is the secure, world-wide roaming access service developed for the international research and education community.. eduroam allows students, researchers and staff from participating institutions to obtain Internet connectivity across campus and when visiting other participating institutions[...]. (From:). eduroam is now available within Jacobs University's WLAN. It enables. eduroam is now the preferred method for WLAN connection over the current "JACOBS" WLAN.. Configuring a device to use eduroam for world-wide network connection is non-trivial. Please see the various configuration how-tos at How Tos regarding eduroam configuration for configuration information, and follow those as close as possible.. For more information about eduroam, lists of member organizations, FAQs and more see or

textbook:
Lesson 1: Introduction to eduroam

**Introduction:**

eduroam is a secure, world-wide roaming access service developed for the international research and education community. It allows students, researchers, and staff from participating institutions to obtain internet connectivity across campus and when visiting other participating institutions. In this lesson, we will learn about what eduroam is, how it works, and why it is important.

**Main Topic:**

**What is eduroam?**

eduroam is a service that allows users from participating institutions to access the internet securely when they are visiting other institutions that also participate in the service. It is a way for institutions to provide their students, researchers, and staff with seamless internet access when they are away from their home institution.

**How does eduroam work?**

eduroam works by using a combination of authentication and encryption to ensure that only authorized users can access the internet. When a user connects to the eduroam network, their device is authenticated using their home institution's credentials. Once authenticated, the user is granted access to the internet. This process is done securely using encryption, which means that the user's data is protected from unauthorized access.

**Why is eduroam important?**

eduroam is important because it provides a secure way for users to access the internet when they are away from their home institution. This is particularly useful for researchers and students who may need to access academic resources while traveling or working at other institutions. By providing a seamless internet access experience, eduroam helps to facilitate collaboration and research across institutions.

**Practical Examples:**

Let's say you are a student at a university that participates in eduroam. You are traveling to another university that also participates in the service. When you arrive, you can easily connect to the internet using your university credentials without having to remember any additional login information. This means that you can access academic resources and collaborate with researchers at the other institution just as if you were on your home campus.

**Conclusion:**

In this lesson, we have learned about what eduroam is, how it works, and why it is important. We have also seen some practical examples of how eduroam can be used to facilitate collaboration and research across institutions. As we continue our exploration of eduroam, we will delve deeper into the technical aspects of the service and how it can be configured on different devices.


text: The Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering provides a rich environment for undergraduate and graduate study, supported by stimulating education and research projects that span a broad spectrum of modern applications. structural engineering and structural mechanics, hydrology, geotechnical engineering, environmental engineering, building system and construction engineering.. 16th Jack W. Hilf Memorial Lecture in Geotechnical Engineering. Thursday, May 1, 2008 at 4 pm, Room Number: ECCR 200

textbook:
Title: Introduction to Civil Engineering

### Section 1: What is Civil Engineering?
Civil engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings.

### Section 2: Why is Civil Engineering Important?
Civil engineering is important because it helps to create and maintain the infrastructure that we rely on every day. This includes roads, bridges, water supply systems, and more. Civil engineers work to ensure that these structures are safe and functional, which helps to keep people safe and make our communities more livable.

### Section 3: Types of Civil Engineering
There are several types of civil engineering, including:
- Structural engineering and structural mechanics: This involves designing and analyzing structures like buildings, bridges, and towers to ensure they are safe and functional.
- Hydrology: This involves studying the movement and distribution of water in the environment, including rain, rivers, and groundwater.
- Geotechnical engineering: This involves studying and working with soil and rock to design foundations, retaining walls, and other structures.
- Environmental engineering: This involves designing systems to treat and dispose of waste, as well as preventing pollution.
- Building system and construction engineering: This involves designing and managing the construction of buildings, including electrical, plumbing, and HVAC systems.

### Section 4: How do Civil Engineers Work?
Civil engineers use a combination of science, math, and technology to design and analyze structures and systems. They often work in teams with other engineers, architects, and contractors to ensure that projects are completed safely, efficiently, and within budget.

### Section 5: Conclusion
Civil engineering is an exciting and rewarding field that offers many opportunities for creativity and innovation. By studying civil engineering, you can help to create and maintain the infrastructure that makes our communities thrive.


text:
Wisconsin native, conservative critic of everything.
"Once abolish the God, and the government becomes the God." ---G K Chesterton
"The only objective of Liberty is Life" --G K Chesterton
"Fallacies do not cease to be fallacies because they become fashions" --G K Chesterton
"A man can never have too much red wine, too many books, or too much ammunition." -- Rudyard Kipling

Monday, January 22, 2007

Solzhenitsyn on Law

People in the West have acquired considerable skill in using, interpreting and manipulating law, even though laws tend to be too complicated for an average person to understand without the help of an expert. Any conflict is solved according to the letter of the law and this is considered to be the supreme solution. If one is right from a legal point of view, nothing more is required, nobody may mention that one could still not be entirely right, and urge self-restraint, a willingness to renounce such legal rights, sacrifice and selfless risk: it would sound simply absurd. One almost never sees voluntary self-restraint. Everybody operates at the extreme limit of those legal frames. An oil company is legally blameless when it purchases an invention of a new type of energy in order to prevent its use. A food product manufacturer is legally blameless when he poisons his produce to make it last longer: after all, people are free not to buy it.I have spent all my life under a communist regime and I will tell you that a society without any objective legal scale is a terrible one indeed. But a society with no other scale but the legal one is not quite worthy of man either. A society which is based on the letter of the law and never reaches any higher is taking very scarce advantage of the high level of human possibilities.So what IS 'the meaning of the word is....'?

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Philosophy

### Overview
In this lesson, we will explore the basics of philosophy, including its origins, key thinkers, and major branches. We will also examine some of the fundamental questions that philosophers have asked throughout history, such as "What is the meaning of life?" and "What is the nature of reality?" By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of the basics of philosophy and be able to engage in critical thinking and discussion on these topics.

### Section 1: What is Philosophy?
Philosophy is the study of knowledge, reality, and values. It is an academic discipline that uses reasoned argument and logical analysis to investigate the nature of the universe, the human mind, and society. Philosophy has been practiced since ancient times and is considered one of the oldest academic disciplines.

### Section 2: Key Thinkers in Philosophy
Throughout history, there have been many notable philosophers who have made significant contributions to the field. Some of the most influential philosophers include:

- Socrates (469-399 BCE): Considered the father of Western philosophy, Socrates taught his students to question everything and think critically.
- Plato (427-347 BCE): A student of Socrates, Plato is known for his theory of Forms, which posited that there is a perfect, eternal, and unchangeable reality beyond the physical world.
- Aristotle (384-322 BCE): Another student of Socrates, Aristotle was a polymath who made significant contributions to philosophy, biology, physics, and other fields.
- René Descartes (1596-1650): Known as the "father of modern philosophy," Descartes is famous for his methodical doubt and the phrase "I think, therefore I am."
- Immanuel Kant (1724-1804): Kant is widely regarded as one of the most influential philosophers of the modern era, known for his work on epistemology and ethics.

### Section 3: Major Branches of Philosophy
Philosophy is divided into several major branches, each of which focuses on a specific area of inquiry. These branches include:

- Epistemology: The study of knowledge, including its nature, scope, and limits.
- Metaphysics: The study of being, reality, and existence.
- Logic: The study of the principles of correct reasoning.
- Ethics: The study of moral values and principles.
- Aesthetics: The study of beauty, art, and taste.
- Political philosophy: The study of government, justice, and the common good.

### Section 4: Fundamental Questions in Philosophy
Philosophers have asked many fundamental questions throughout history. Some of these questions include:

- What is the meaning of life?
- What is the nature of reality?
- What is the relationship between the mind and the body?
- Is morality subjective or objective?
- What is the relationship between cause and effect?
- Can we know anything for certain?

### Section 5: Conclusion
Philosophy is a rich and complex field that has engaged the minds of thinkers throughout history. By exploring the basics of philosophy, we can begin to understand the fundamental questions that have driven human thought and inquiry. As we continue to explore philosophy, we will deepen our understanding of the world around us and develop the critical thinking skills necessary to engage in meaningful discussions and debates.


text: 7 Avonlea Court, Cabarlah, QLD 4352, Australia. Rarely will you find a scenic property of this size perfectly positioned so close to Highfields schools, shops, cafes & the new sport & recreation precinct. Located on a level fully fenced 6007m2 allotment this 1920’s built Californian Bungalow style home offers a enviable family lifestyle. Fully renovated yet maintaining all of its original charm the home offers 5 bedrooms with ensuited master with multiple living areas. With a classic formal lounge & dining with original double sided fireplace, large family area & a prodigious kitchen, original high ceilings hardwood hoop pine floors & reverse cycle air conditioning, expansive outdoor entertaining area. Outside offers multiple sheds with the ability to house 8 cars & multiple bored to maintain the lawns & gardens. This property offers the ideal combination of serenity & absolute convenience that is hard to find. Be quick to inspect to avoid disappointment.

textbook:
Lesson: Real Estate Listing Analysis

Introduction:
Real estate listings are a common way for people to sell or rent properties. In this lesson, we will learn how to analyze a real estate listing to understand its value and potential. We will cover the following sections:

Section 1: Understanding the Basics

Question: What is a real estate listing?
Answer: A real estate listing is a advertisement for a property that is for sale or rent. It usually includes information such as the address, price, number of bedrooms and bathrooms, and any special features of the property.

Question: Why is analyzing a real estate listing important?
Answer: Analyzing a real estate listing can help you understand the property's value and potential. This information can be useful when buying or renting a property, as well as when selling or renting out your own property.

Section 2: Analyzing the Property Details

Question: What information should I look for in a real estate listing?
Answer: Some important pieces of information to look for in a real estate listing include the location, price, square footage, number of bedrooms and bathrooms, and any special features such as a pool or garden. You should also look at pictures of the property to get an idea of its condition and layout.

Question: How can I determine the value of a property based on its listing information?
Answer: To determine the value of a property based on its listing information, you can compare it to similar properties in the area that have recently sold or rented. You can use online tools such as Zillow or Redfin to find comparable properties and their prices or rental rates.

Section 3: Analyzing the Location

Question: Why is location important when analyzing a real estate listing?
Answer: Location is one of the most important factors to consider when buying or renting a property. It can affect the property's value, as well as its potential for appreciation or depreciation over time. You should look at the property's proximity to amenities such as schools, shops, and public transportation, as well as its crime rate and safety.

Question: How can I research a property's location?
Answer: You can research a property's location by looking at maps and online resources such as Google Maps or Street View. You can also look up crime statistics and school ratings online.

Conclusion:
By analyzing a real estate listing, you can gain valuable insights into a property's value and potential. By considering the property details, location, and other relevant factors, you can make an informed decision when buying or renting a property.

Glossary:
- Real estate listing: A advertisement for a property that is for sale or rent.
- Square footage: The measurement of a property's size, typically expressed in square feet.
- Special features: Amenities or unique aspects of a property, such as a pool or garden.
- Comparables: Similar properties in the area that have recently sold or rented.
- Appreciation: An increase in the value of a property over time.
- Depreciation: A decrease in the value of a property over time.


text: Homewood Mountain Resort hosts the annual Beer & Gear on March 16 and 17 from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. with a new twist. This year, the best local and regional ski/snowboard brands will be matched with 10 favorite local brewers to create the first ski-and-sip pairings while enjoying music from The Sextones. Participants will have the chance to test new gear and review it alongside a set of preselected ski journalists, beer connoisseurs and professional reviewers. Reviewers will be asked to look at three different categories: the performance of the ski/snowboard, the taste of the beer and how well it pairs with the ski equipment.. In addition, the second annual Homewood King of the Hill Race will take place on The Face. The race is free to enter and runs from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. on March 16. Contestants will try to make it down an un-groomed course with a full mug of beer going for fastest time with the most remaining liquid at the bottom. | skihomewood.com

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Skiing and Beer Pairings

**Objective:** To introduce students to the basics of skiing and beer pairings, and to provide them with the tools they need to explore this topic further.

**Overview:** Skiing and beer pairings is a unique experience that combines two of the world's greatest pleasures - skiing and beer tasting. In this lesson, we will cover the basics of skiing, beer, and how they can be paired together to create an unforgettable experience.

**Section 1: Skiing 101**

- **What is skiing?** Skiing is a winter sport where participants use skis to glide over snow.
- **How does it work?** Skiing involves using a combination of balance, technique, and equipment to move down a slope.
- **Why do people enjoy skiing?** Skiing is an exciting and challenging activity that allows people to experience the beauty of winter landscapes while getting exercise and fresh air.

**Section 2: Beer 101**

- **What is beer?** Beer is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented grains, typically barley or wheat.
- **How does it work?** Beer is made by brewing, which involves mashing, boiling, and fermenting the grains to create a liquid that contains alcohol and other flavors.
- **Why do people enjoy beer?** Beer is a popular beverage that comes in many different varieties, each with its own unique flavor profile. It is also a social drink that can be enjoyed with friends and family.

**Section 3: Skiing and Beer Pairings**

- **What are skiing and beer pairings?** Skiing and beer pairings are a way to combine the thrill of skiing with the pleasure of beer tasting. By selecting beers that complement the skiing experience, participants can enhance their overall enjoyment of the sport.
- **How do you choose a beer for skiing?** When choosing a beer for skiing, consider the following factors:
    - Alcohol content: Look for beers with a lower alcohol content, as these are less likely to dehydrate you and interfere with your skiing ability.
    - Flavor profile: Choose beers that complement the flavors of winter, such as citrus, spice, or honey.
    - Style: Select a style of beer that complements the terrain you will be skiing. For example, if you are skiing on a mountain with steep slopes, a hoppy IPA may be a good choice.

**Section 4: Practical Examples**

- **Example 1: Homewood Mountain Resort** At Homewood Mountain Resort, participants can try out new ski/snowboard gear while sipping on beer from local breweries. To create the perfect pairing, try a hoppy IPA that complements the adrenaline rush of skiing down a steep slope.
- **Example 2: King of the Hill Race** During the King of the Hill Race, contestants must navigate an un-groomed course while holding a full mug of beer. A malty brown ale would be a great choice for this event, as its rich flavor and higher carbonation will help keep the beer from spilling as you ski.

**Section 5: Conclusion**

In conclusion, skiing and beer pairings offer a unique opportunity to combine two of life's greatest pleasures. By understanding the basics of skiing and beer, and selecting the right beer for the terrain, participants can enhance their overall enjoyment of the sport. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced skier, there is something special about gliding down a snowy slope while enjoying a cold beer.


text:
Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Dasabuvir ± Ribavirin for Chronic HCV Infection in US Veterans with Psychiatric Disorders.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are more common among US veterans receiving care through Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Centers than among the general population. Historically, HCV therapies had lower efficacy rates in VA patients, possibly due to common comorbidities such as psychiatric disorders and substance abuse. The direct-acting antivirals ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir (OBV/PTV/r +DSV) ± ribavirin (RBV) are approved in the US for HCV genotype (GT) 1-infected adults with or without cirrhosis. This study prospectively evaluated safety and efficacy of OBV/PTV/r +DSV ±RBV in VA patients with HCV GT1 infection. TOPAZ-VA was a phase 3b, open-label trial. Adult US veterans with HCV GT1 infection, without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis, were eligible for enrollment. Patients with GT1a infection received OBV/PTV/r +DSV +RBV for 12 weeks or 24 weeks (for those with cirrhosis); GT1b-infected patients without cirrhosis received OBV/PTV/r +DSV for 12 weeks; those with cirrhosis received OBV/PTV/r +DSV with RBV. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response at post-treatment week 12 (SVR12); safety was also assessed. Ninety-nine patients were enrolled at ten sites from May through November 2015. The majority were male (96%), white (60%) and with GT1a infection (68%); 49% reported ongoing psychiatric disorders. Overall, 94% (93/99) achieved SVR12; 3 patients had virologic failure. The most common AEs were fatigue (28%), headache (20%), and nausea (15%); 6 patients discontinued treatment due to AEs. In US veterans with HCV GT1 infection, OBV/PTV/r+DSV±RBV yielded a 94% overall SVR12 rate and was well tolerated. The presence of psychiatric disorders and/or injection drug use did not impact efficacy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

textbook:
Core Value: The importance of clinical trials in evaluating the safety and efficacy of new treatments for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Lesson: The Importance of Clinical Trials in Evaluating New Treatments for HCV Infection

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a viral infection that affects the liver. It is caused by the HCV virus and can lead to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. HCV infections are more common among US veterans receiving care through Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Centers than among the general population. Historically, HCV therapies had lower efficacy rates in VA patients, possibly due to common comorbidities such as psychiatric disorders and substance abuse.

Section 1: What are clinical trials?

Clinical trials are research studies that involve human volunteers. They are conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of new treatments, drugs, devices, or procedures. Clinical trials are an essential part of the drug development process and are required before a new treatment can be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Section 2: Why are clinical trials important for HCV infection?

Clinical trials are crucial for HCV infection because they help to determine the safety and efficacy of new treatments. HCV infections can lead to severe health complications, including liver failure and liver cancer. Therefore, it is essential to find effective treatments that can cure or control the infection.

Section 3: How do clinical trials work?

Clinical trials involve several steps, including planning, conducting, and analyzing the results. During the planning stage, researchers develop a protocol that outlines the goals, design, and methods of the trial. The protocol must be approved by an Institutional Review Board (IRB) to ensure that the trial is safe and ethical.

In the conducting stage, researchers recruit participants and administer the new treatment according to the protocol. Participants are closely monitored during the trial to assess their response to the treatment and to identify any side effects.

During the analyzing stage, researchers analyze the data collected during the trial to determine the safety and efficacy of the new treatment. If the treatment is found to be safe and effective, the results are submitted to the FDA for approval.

Section 4: Examples of clinical trials for HCV infection

One example of a clinical trial for HCV infection is the TOPAZ-VA study mentioned earlier. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a new treatment for HCV infection called ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir ± ribavirin. The results of this trial showed that the new treatment was effective in reducing HCV viral load and improving liver function in veterans with HCV infection.

Another example is the SOUND-C study, which evaluated the safety and efficacy of a new treatment for HCV infection called sofosbuvir and velpatasvir. The results of this trial showed that the new treatment was effective in reducing HCV viral load and improving liver function in patients with HCV infection.

Section 5: Conclusion

Clinical trials are essential for evaluating the safety and efficacy of new treatments for HCV infection. They provide valuable information about the potential benefits and risks of new treatments, which can help healthcare providers make informed decisions about the best course of treatment for their patients. By participating in clinical trials, patients can contribute to the advancement of medical research and potentially benefit from access to new treatments before they are widely available.


text: Cadbury Dunedin Marathon. Sunday, 11 September 2016. Dunedin. The most recent edition of this event was on 10 September 2017.. The annual Cadbury Dunedin Marathon on Sunday, 11 September 2016 has a full Marathon, Half Marathon, Quarter Marathon and Children's Marathon Challenge.. The marathon is a point to point course starting at Harington Point and finishing at Watson Park. The half marathon takes in the second half of the marathon course, starting 100 metres North of Teviot Street on Portsmouth Drive.. The Children's Marathon Challenge involves children completing a series of runs over Term 3 that equal 40 kilometres, and the final 2.195 kilometres on the day of the Cadbury Moro Marathon event.. Distances/Events. 42K. 21K. 10.5K. Kids 2.2K

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Marathon Running

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of marathon running and its history, distances, and events.

**Glossary:**
- Marathon: A long-distance running race with an official distance of 42.195 kilometers (26 miles 385 yards), usually run by competitive athletes.
- Half marathon: A road running competition that consists of a half-marathon distance, which is 21.0975 kilometers (13.107 miles).
- Quarter marathon: A road running competition that consists of a quarter-marathon distance, which is 10.5 kilometers (6.5 miles).
- Children's marathon challenge: An event where children complete a series of runs over a term, totaling 40 kilometers, and then complete the final 2.195 kilometers on the day of the Cadbury Moro Marathon event.

**Section 1: Introduction to Marathon Running**
- Marathon running is a long-distance race that originated in ancient Greece.
- The first modern Olympic Games in 1896 included a marathon race, which was won by a Greek runner named Spiridon Louis.
- The distance of the marathon race is 42.195 kilometers or 26 miles and 385 yards.
- There are several types of marathon events, including full marathons, half marathons, quarter marathons, and children's marathon challenges.

**Section 2: Distances and Events**
- Full marathon: This is the traditional marathon distance of 42.195 kilometers (26 miles 385 yards). It is the longest of the marathon events and is typically run by competitive athletes.
- Half marathon: This event covers half the distance of a full marathon, which is 21.0975 kilometers (13.107 miles). It is shorter than a full marathon but still requires significant training and endurance.
- Quarter marathon: This event covers a quarter of the distance of a full marathon, which is 10.5 kilometers (6.5 miles). It is shorter than both the half marathon and full marathon but still requires good physical conditioning.
- Children's marathon challenge: This event involves children completing a series of runs over a term, totaling 40 kilometers, and then completing the final 2.195 kilometers on the day of the Cadbury Moro Marathon event.

**Section 3: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios**
- Let's say you want to participate in a half marathon. You would need to train for several weeks or months to build up your endurance and strength. You could use a training plan that gradually increases your mileage and includes intervals, hill workouts, and rest days.
- On the day of the race, you would need to wear appropriate clothing and footwear to stay comfortable and avoid injury. You would also need to fuel yourself properly with a balanced meal before the race and energy gels or chews during the race to maintain your energy levels.
- As you run, you may experience different emotions such as excitement, fatigue, or pain. It's important to stay positive and focused on your goal, but also listen to your body and walk or slow down if you feel too tired or injured.

**Conclusion:**
Marathon running is a challenging and rewarding sport that requires dedication, training, and discipline. By understanding the history, distances, and events involved in marathon running, you can develop a better understanding of this exciting and popular sport. Whether you're interested in participating in a marathon event or simply learning more about the sport, this lesson has provided you with the basic knowledge needed to get started.


text: .. Global Market Overview: VXX Spikes On Fed Concerns, XLB Tumbles. Following today’s disappointing economic reports, all three major U.S. equity indexes tumbled into negative territory. The Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF fell 1.52% after its underlying index slipped below the 15,000 level. The S&P 500 ETF shed 1.44%, while the tech-heavy Nasdaq ETF:. The Materials Select Sector SPDR ETF was one of the worst performers today, shedding 2.22% during the session. Materials shares were among today’s worst performers, forcing this ETF to gap lower at the open. XLB traded lower throughout the day, eventually settling at $38.55 a share .. Click To Enlarge. ETF Chart Of The Day #2:. The S&P 500 VIX Short-Term Futures ETN .. Click To Enlarge. ETF Fun Fact Of The Day. The best-performing regional strategy over the trailing 1-year period has been the Euro Free Europe Portfolio, which has gained 27.99%.. Disclosure: No positions at time of writing.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Stock Market Investing

## Chapter 1: Understanding the Stock Market

The stock market is a platform where investors can buy and sell shares of publicly traded companies. It provides an opportunity for individuals and institutions to invest their money in the hopes of earning a return on their investment.

**Key Takeaways**
- The stock market is a platform where investors can buy and sell shares of publicly traded companies.
- Investing in the stock market can provide an opportunity for individuals and institutions to earn a return on their investment.

## Chapter 2: Types of Stock Market Investments

There are several types of investments available in the stock market, including:

1. Stocks - a share in the ownership of a company that represents a claim on part of its assets and earnings.
2. Bonds - a fixed income instrument that represents a loan made by an investor to the issuer.
3. Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) - a type of investment fund traded on stock exchanges, similar to stocks.

**Key Takeaways**
- There are several types of investments available in the stock market, including stocks, bonds, and exchange-traded funds (ETFs).
- Each type of investment has its own unique characteristics and risks.

## Chapter 3: Analyzing Stock Market Data

Before making any investment decisions, it's essential to analyze the relevant data. Some key factors to consider include:

1. Company Financials - analyzing a company's financial statements to understand its overall health and profitability.
2. Economic Indicators - monitoring key economic indicators such as GDP growth, inflation rates, and unemployment rates.
3. Market Trends - tracking market trends and analyzing historical data to identify patterns and predict future performance.

**Key Takeaways**
- Analyzing company financials, economic indicators, and market trends is essential when making investment decisions.
- By understanding these factors, investors can make more informed decisions about when to buy or sell stocks.

## Chapter 4: Risks and Rewards of Stock Market Investing

Investing in the stock market comes with both risks and rewards. While the potential for high returns is attractive, there is always the possibility of losing money.

**Key Takeaways**
- Investing in the stock market comes with both risks and rewards.
- While the potential for high returns is attractive, there is always the possibility of losing money.

## Chapter 5: Conclusion

Investing in the stock market can be a great way to grow wealth over time. By understanding the basics of the stock market and conducting thorough research, investors can make informed decisions about when to buy or sell stocks. Remember, however, that investing always comes with risks, so it's essential to carefully consider your investment goals and tolerance for risk before getting started.


text: 3 October 2007. Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez announces that the Bank of the South will be formed on Monday in Caracas.. Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez announced Tuesday night that the Bank of the South will be born on Monday in Caracas. The announcement was made during a meeting of the central economic planning committee. Although the identities of the member nations have not yet been disclosed, Chávez claimed that Caracas has been decided as the location for the meeting and expressed his expectation of the participation of the ministers of Finance, Treasury or Economy of member countries. The creation of the bank is one of many initiatives designed to unite the hemisphere.. Print this pageEmail this page. Last updated 09 May 2008© 2008 Bank Information Center. Website content may be freely reproduced as long as BIC is credited as the source.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to the Bank of the South

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

The Bank of the South is a financial institution that was created with the goal of promoting economic integration and development in Latin America and the Caribbean. It is based on the idea of South-South cooperation, which means that countries in the Global South work together to achieve common goals. In this lesson, we will learn about the history and purpose of the Bank of the South, as well as some of the challenges that it faces.

## Section 2: Questions and Answers

**Question:** What is the Bank of the South?
**Answer:** The Bank of the South is a regional financial institution that was established by Venezuela, Brazil, and other countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Its purpose is to promote economic development and integration in the region.

**Question:** Why was the Bank of the South created?
**Answer:** The Bank of the South was created to help address some of the economic and social challenges that countries in Latin America and the Caribbean face. These include poverty, inequality, and lack of access to financial services.

**Question:** How does the Bank of the South differ from other international financial institutions?
**Answer:** The Bank of the South is unique because it is based on the principle of South-South cooperation. This means that the bank is run by and for countries in the Global South, with the goal of promoting their common interests.

## Section 3: Practical Examples

One example of how the Bank of the South works is through its support of infrastructure projects in member countries. For instance, the bank has provided loans to fund the construction of roads, bridges, and other important pieces of infrastructure that help to connect communities and promote economic growth.

Another example is the bank's support of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the region. Through its SME financing program, the Bank of the South provides loans and technical assistance to help these businesses grow and create jobs.

## Glossary

- **Bank of the South:** A regional financial institution that was established by Venezuela, Brazil, and other countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Its purpose is to promote economic development and integration in the region.
- **South-South cooperation:** A concept that refers to the collaboration and partnership between countries in the Global South, with the goal of promoting their common interests.
- **Infrastructure:** The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (such as roads, bridges, and power plants) needed for an economy to function efficiently.
- **Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs):** Businesses that have fewer employees and less revenue than large corporations.

## Conclusion

The Bank of the South is an important financial institution that is helping to promote economic development and integration in Latin America and the Caribbean. By providing loans and technical assistance for infrastructure projects and small businesses, the bank is helping to create jobs and improve the lives of people in the region. As we continue to learn more about the Bank of the South and other institutions like it, we can gain a better understanding of how we can work together to address global challenges and create a more just and sustainable world.


text:
Vegetables in jars and cans add nutritional value to salad when fresh produce is not available

This blog was originally written during my 2 1/2 year tenure as a blogger for Health Goes Strong. The site was deactivated in July 2013, but you can read the original post here.

If you love making salad from the wide assortment of fresh garden vegetables available in the summer months, your wait is almost over. But while you wait, there are many ways to add variety to your plated greens. Just turn to the jars and cans of pickled and marinated vegetables on your pantry shelf. They can offer an endless array of tastes, textures, nutrients and eye-appeal to your meals until that first rosey radish is plucked from the ground.

9 Nutritious Ways to Make a Healthy Salad: Artichoke Hearts

Sold marinated or packed in water, both easily drained to lower the sodium content

Calories: 25 in 3 water-packed hearts or 25 per heart packed in oil and drained

textbook:
Lesson: Nutrition and Variety in Salads

Introduction:
Salads are a great way to add variety to your meals and pack in a lot of nutrition. However, not everyone has access to fresh produce all year round. In this lesson, we will learn about how jars and cans of pickled and marinated vegetables can add nutritional value to salad when fresh produce is not available.

Section 1: Nutrition in Jars and Cans
Jars and cans of pickled and marinated vegetables are a great way to add variety to your salad. These vegetables are often packed with vitamins and minerals that are essential for good health. For example, artichoke hearts are a great source of fiber, vitamin C, and antioxidants. Other vegetables like peppers, beets, and carrots also provide important nutrients like vitamin A and potassium.

Section 2: Variety in Salads
Jars and cans of pickled and marinated vegetables can add a lot of variety to your salad. You can use them to replace or supplement fresh vegetables in your salad. For example, you can use pickled beets instead of fresh beets or add marinated artichoke hearts to your salad for a burst of flavor and texture. You can also experiment with different combinations of vegetables to create your own unique salad.

Section 3: Tips for Using Jars and Cans in Salads
- Read the labels carefully to choose low-sodium or no-salt-added options.
- Drain the liquid from the jars or cans to reduce sodium content.
- Use a variety of colors and textures to create a visually appealing salad.
- Experiment with different herbs and spices to add flavor to your salad.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, jars and cans of pickled and marinated vegetables can be a great addition to your salad. They provide important nutrients and variety to your meals. By following the tips provided in this lesson, you can create delicious and healthy salads that are sure to satisfy your taste buds.


text: East Central East Central University biology major requirements, for example, you may gain an advantage in job recruiting on-campus. Check with the biological science parasitology as a complementary elective to your primary course of study.. Registered Nurse - 6... 4 hours ago Faculty - College of Nursing and Health Care Professions. Grand Canyon University. The College, boasts a rich 30-year history providing outstanding health care and nursing degree programs. Shape the bright futures of Grand Canyon University... 9 hours ago Registered Nurse (RN) Travel Assignment: ER (4 openings). Cirrus Medical Staffing. Registered Nurse job in ER unit available in Apple Valley, CA! This 13-week travel assignment is looking for a RN with: - 2 years experience - 1 year travel. 6 hours ago Staff Nurse I - Intermediate Care (ITC) (Part Time - Day Shift). Sutter Health. Able to clearly demonstrate knowledge of nursing process and nursing theory. Graduate of an accredited school of Nursing.. 4 hours ago

textbook:
Title: Introduction to Parasitology

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

### Subsection 1.1: What is Parasitology?

Parasitology is the scientific study of parasites, which are organisms that live on or inside a host organism and derive nutrients at the host's expense. Parasites can be single-celled or multicellular, and they can infect plants, animals, or humans. The field of parasitology seeks to understand the biology of parasites, their interactions with hosts, and the diseases they cause.

### Subsection 1.2: Types of Parasites

There are several types of parasites, including:

1. Protozoa: Single-celled organisms that can move independently. Examples include Plasmodium, which causes malaria, and Giardia, which causes diarrhea.
2. Helminths: Multicellular worms that can be large enough to see with the naked eye. Examples include roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes.
3. Ectoparasites: Organisms that live on the surface of a host, such as ticks, lice, and mites.
4. Endoparasites: Organisms that live inside a host, such as roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes.

### Subsection 1.3: Life Cycles of Parasites

Parasites have complex life cycles that involve multiple stages and hosts. Some parasites have direct life cycles, where they infect a host and reproduce without leaving the host. Other parasites have indirect life cycles, where they require a vector (such as a mosquito) to transmit them from one host to another.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

### Subsection 2.1: Malaria

Malaria is a disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, which are transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. The parasites multiply in the liver and then infect red blood cells, causing fever, chills, and anemia. Malaria is a major global health problem, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where it kills hundreds of thousands of people each year.

### Subsection 2.2: Giardiasis

Giardiasis is a diarrheal illness caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia. The parasite infects the small intestine and feeds on the host's food, causing malabsorption and diarrhea. Giardiasis is commonly spread through contaminated water or food, and it can be treated with antiparasitic medications.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

### Subsection 3.1: Prevention and Control of Parasitic Diseases

Preventing and controlling parasitic diseases is crucial for public health. Some strategies include:

1. Vector control: Reducing the population of insects or other animals that transmit parasites, such as mosquitoes or ticks.
2. Improved sanitation and hygiene: Ensuring access to clean water, proper waste disposal, and good hygiene practices can help prevent the spread of parasitic diseases.
3. Vaccination: Developing vaccines for parasitic diseases can help protect individuals and communities from infection.
4. Education and awareness: Educating people about parasitic diseases, their transmission, and prevention methods can help reduce the spread of these diseases.

## Glossary

Parasite: An organism that lives on or inside a host organism and derives nutrients at the host's expense.
Host: An organism that provides a habitat or food for a parasite.
Vector: An organism that transmits a parasite from one host to another.
Life cycle: The series of changes that an organism undergoes from birth to death.
Direct life cycle: A life cycle where parasites reproduce without leaving the host.
Indirect life cycle: A life cycle where parasites require a vector to transmit them from one host to another.
Malaria: A disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito.
Giardiasis: A diarrheal illness caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia.
Vector control: Strategies to reduce the population of insects or other animals that transmit parasites.
Improved sanitation and hygiene: Ensuring access to clean water, proper waste disposal, and good hygiene practices to prevent the spread of parasitic diseases.
Vaccination: Developing vaccines for parasitic diseases to protect individuals and communities from infection.
Education and awareness: Educating people about parasitic diseases, their transmission, and prevention methods to reduce the spread of these diseases.


text:
Q:

The best way to inflate view programmatically

I found a simple SwipeSample that I changed to allow me to create new xml layouts and inflate the main layout to display them. What I wanted to do was also be able to programmatically add layouts for the swipe process.
I have the main.xml layout and a red.xml and yellow.xml which are a simple linearlayout with a textview set to a solid color.
The code below works but I don't think that it's correct or the best way to do what I'm trying to get.
If anyone can suggest a better way that would be greatly appreciated.
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.main);
    //Create a layout with a solid blue background programmatically
    TextView tv1 = new TextView(this);
    tv1.setText("Blue");
    tv1.setBackgroundColor(Color.BLUE);
    tv1.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT));

    LinearLayout ll = new LinearLayout(this);
    ll.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
    ll.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT));
    ll.addView(tv1);
    //Create a layout with a solid green background programmatically
    TextView tv2 = new TextView(this);
    tv2.setText("Green");
    tv2.setBackgroundColor(Color.GREEN);
    tv2.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT));

    LinearLayout ll2 = new LinearLayout(this);
    ll2.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
    ll2.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT));
    ll2.addView(tv2);
    //inflate the flipper view and add the yellow and red xml layouts and also the 2 programmatically created layouts
    fSpace = (ViewFlipper)findViewById(R.id.flipper);
    inflater = (LayoutInflater) getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
    inflater.inflate(R.layout.yellow, fSpace);
    inflater.inflate(R.layout.red, fSpace);
    fSpace.addView(ll);
    fSpace.addView(ll2);

}

A:

If you have a complex layout that you want to create programmatically, it might be easiest to have the layout premade in xml and then just inflate it and add it at runtime.
Create view in xml
Here is a sample premade xml layout that is in the layout folder. Yours could be anything, a single view or a whole complex layout.
layout/my_view.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/LinearLayout1"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/TextView1"
        android:text="This is a TV"/>

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/TextView2"
        android:text="How are you today?"/>
</LinearLayout>

Make a container for your view
Have some place it put your view in your activity layout. You could have something like this.
<FrameLayout
    android:id="@+id/flContainer"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">

</FrameLayout>

Inflate the view
Use get a reference to the container, inflate your view from xml, and then add it to the container.
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    FrameLayout container = (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.flContainer);
    View inflatedLayout= getLayoutInflater().inflate(R.layout.my_view, null, false);
    container.addView(inflatedLayout);

}

Doing it like this keeps your code a lot cleaner.
See also:

How to inflate one view with a layout
Add a View to a wrapper multiple times with inflate

A:

The way you inflate R.layout.yellow and R.layout.red is indeed the right way to do so. You may be able to simplify your code by moving a lot of it over to xml. I assume tv1 is just a sample? if not, it could go into main.xml. You may even find a way to create yellow and red with a single inflation... depending on what you're doing.
Programmatically creating views is just, for the most part, slightly tedious.

textbook:
Lesson: Creating and Inflating Layouts Programmatically

Introduction:
In Android development, we often need to create and inflate layouts programmatically. This is especially true when we want to add new layouts dynamically based on user interactions or other conditions. In this lesson, we will learn how to create and inflate layouts programmatically using code.

Objective:
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to create and inflate layouts programmatically using code. You will also be able to understand the benefits of creating and inflating layouts programmatically and how it can improve your app's flexibility and functionality.

Prerequisites:
You should have a basic understanding of Android development and XML layouts.

Section 1: Introduction to Creating and Inflating Layouts Programmatically

Topic 1: Why Create and Inflate Layouts Programmatically?
- Creating and inflating layouts programmatically allows us to add new layouts dynamically based on user interactions or other conditions.
- It also allows us to customize our layouts based on user preferences or device specifications.

Topic 2: When Should We Create and Inflate Layouts Programmatically?
- We should create and inflate layouts programmatically when we need to add new layouts dynamically based on user interactions or other conditions.
- We should also create and inflate layouts programmatically when we need to customize our layouts based on user preferences or device specifications.

Section 2: Creating and Inflating Layouts Programmatically

Topic 1: Creating Layouts Programmatically
- We can create layouts programmatically by using the View class in Android.
- We can use the View class to create different types of views such as TextView, ImageView, Button, etc.

Topic 2: Inflating Layouts Programmatically
- We can inflate layouts programmatically by using the LayoutInflater class in Android.
- We can use the LayoutInflater class to inflate XML layout files and add them to our app's UI.

Section 3: Practical Examples

Example 1: Creating a TextView Programmatically
```
TextView tv1 = new TextView(this);
tv1.setText("Hello World!");
tv1.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));
```

Example 2: Inflating a LinearLayout Programmatically
```
LinearLayout ll = (LinearLayout) getLayoutInflater().inflate(R.layout.my_linear_layout, null);
```

Section 4: Self-Debating Discussions

Topic 1: Benefits of Creating and Inflating Layouts Programmatically
- Creating and inflating layouts programmatically allows us to add new layouts dynamically based on user interactions or other conditions.
- It also allows us to customize our layouts based on user preferences or device specifications.

Topic 2: Challenges of Creating and Inflating Layouts Programmatically
- Creating and inflating layouts programmatically can be time-consuming and complex, especially for beginners.
- We need to have a good understanding of the Android SDK and XML layouts to create and inflate layouts programmatically.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the benefits and challenges of creating and inflating layouts programmatically. We also learned how to create and inflate layouts programmatically using code. By applying these concepts, we can improve our app's flexibility and functionality.

Glossary:
- View: A user interface component in Android that displays data or allows user interaction.
- LayoutInflater: A class in Android used to inflate XML layout files and add them to the app's UI.
- LayoutParams: A class in Android used to specify the layout parameters of a view.
- LinearLayout: A type of layout in Android that arranges child views in a linear fashion.


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textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Learning Disabilities and Support Services

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Learning disabilities refer to a group of disorders that affect the brain's ability to receive and process information. These disorders can affect a person's ability to read, write, speak, and perform mathematical calculations. People with learning disabilities may also have difficulties with social skills, attention, and memory.

Support services are designed to assist individuals with learning disabilities in their daily lives. These services can include therapy, educational programs, job training, and housing assistance. Support services aim to improve the quality of life for individuals with learning disabilities by providing them with the tools they need to succeed.

### Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's consider an example of a person with a learning disability who requires support services. John has dyslexia, which makes it difficult for him to read and write. Despite his struggles, John is determined to attend college and pursue a degree in engineering. With the help of support services such as tutoring and assistive technology, John is able to succeed in his classes and gain valuable skills for his future career.

### Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

Is it fair to say that all people with learning disabilities require support services? Why or why not?

Some people with learning disabilities may not require support services if their disabilities are mild and they are able to function well without assistance. However, for many individuals with learning disabilities, support services are necessary to help them reach their full potential and lead fulfilling lives.

### Glossary

- Learning disabilities: A group of disorders that affect the brain's ability to receive and process information.
- Support services: Services designed to assist individuals with learning disabilities in their daily lives.
- Therapy: Treatment intended to cure or improve a medical condition.
- Educational programs: Planned sequences of instruction that provide students with opportunities to learn.
- Job training: Programs designed to prepare individuals for employment by teaching them the necessary skills and knowledge.
- Housing assistance: Programs that provide financial assistance to individuals who need help with housing costs.

### Conclusion

Understanding learning disabilities and the importance of support services is crucial for creating inclusive communities that value and support the rights of all individuals. By learning about the challenges faced by people with learning disabilities and the services available to assist them, we can work towards a more equitable society.


text: No one knows if Detroit Lions receiver Golden Tate will be enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame.. But his helmet already has been.. Before the season, we wrote about how Tate would be wearing the Vicis ZERO1 model helmet this season. A new model that received top performance marks from the NFL, the ZERO1 is one of several new lids—including the Detroit-made Xenith—designed to minimize head and brain trauma.. This week, Pro Football Hall of Fame collections curator Jason Aikens acquired one of Tate’s Lions-painted helmets to serve as an example of the progress in NFL helmet tech:. Any time a Lion becomes a part of history, it’s a good thing—and it’s special that Tate’s helping lead pro football into a new era of safety tech.

textbook:
Lesson: The Evolution of Football Helmets

Introduction:
Football is a physical sport that involves a lot of contact between players. Over the years, there have been concerns about the safety of players, especially when it comes to head injuries. In this lesson, we will learn about the evolution of football helmets and how they have become safer over time.

Section 1: The History of Football Helmets

The first football helmets were introduced in the early 1900s. They were made of leather and had no padding or protection. Players often suffered from head injuries, such as concussions, fractures, and even death. In the 1930s, plastic helmets were introduced, which provided some protection against head injuries. However, these helmets were still not very effective in preventing injuries.

Section 2: The Evolution of Football Helmets

In the 1970s, new helmet designs were introduced that provided better protection against head injuries. These helmets had more padding and were designed to absorb impact better. In the 1990s, helmets with face masks became popular. These helmets helped prevent facial injuries and also provided additional protection for the head.

Today, football helmets are designed using advanced technology and materials. They are tested in laboratories to ensure that they provide maximum protection against head injuries. Some of the latest helmets have been designed to reduce the risk of concussions by up to 50%.

Section 3: The Importance of Wearing a Football Helmet

Wearing a football helmet is essential for player safety. It can help prevent head injuries such as concussions, fractures, and other serious injuries. It is also important to choose a helmet that fits well and is certified by the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the evolution of football helmets has come a long way. From the early leather helmets to the advanced technology used today, football helmets have become safer and more effective in preventing head injuries. It is essential for players to wear helmets that fit well and are certified by NOCSAE to ensure their safety on the field. By understanding the importance of wearing a football helmet, players can help reduce the risk of head injuries and enjoy the game safely.

Glossary:
- NOCSAE: National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment
- Concussion: A traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head or body
- Fracture: A break in a bone
- Certified: To meet the required standards and be approved for use

Self-Debate Discussion:

Why is it essential for players to wear helmets that fit well?

Answer: Wearing a helmet that fits well ensures that it provides optimal protection against head injuries. A helmet that is too loose or too tight can compromise the safety of the player. A well-fitting helmet reduces the risk of head injuries and provides the player with the confidence to play the game safely.


text: Vision. Leonard G. Westhoff’s school community is dedicated to the development of the individual potential of every student. It is our goal to provide a safe, positive environment in which the uniqueness of every student is valued. All students are encouraged to strive for their highest level of academic achievement and social growth. Student progress is a shared responsibility among staff, parents, and the students themselves. It is our goal to create a school environment in which students gain the skills and self-confidence necessary to become productive members of society. We are committed preparing these young global citizens with 21st century learning skills.

textbook:
Lesson: Core Value - Vision

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the core value of vision. We will learn about what it means to have a clear vision, and how it can help us achieve our goals. We will also discuss the importance of creating a positive environment that values the uniqueness of each individual.

Section 1: What is Vision?
Vision refers to having a clear idea or image of what you want to achieve in the future. It is the ability to see beyond the present and plan for the future. A vision statement is a short, simple sentence that describes the desired outcome of a project or organization.

Question: Why is vision important?
Answer: Vision is important because it provides direction and purpose. It helps us focus on what we want to achieve and motivates us to work towards that goal.

Section 2: Creating a Positive Environment
A positive environment is one where everyone feels valued and respected. It is an environment that encourages learning and growth. To create a positive environment, we must first value the uniqueness of each individual. This means recognizing and appreciating the differences between people.

Question: How can we create a positive environment?
Answer: There are several ways to create a positive environment. One way is to promote collaboration and teamwork. This means working together towards a common goal and supporting each other along the way. Another way is to encourage open communication and feedback. This means creating an atmosphere where everyone feels comfortable sharing their ideas and opinions.

Section 3: Achieving Your Goals
To achieve your goals, you must have a clear vision of what you want to achieve. You must also be willing to work hard and take risks. However, it is also important to remember that success is not always about achieving perfection. Sometimes, it is about making progress and learning from our mistakes.

Question: How can we achieve our goals?
Answer: To achieve our goals, we must first set specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals. We must also break down our goals into smaller, manageable tasks. Finally, we must stay focused and committed to our goals, even when faced with challenges or setbacks.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the core value of vision and how it can help us achieve our goals. We also discussed the importance of creating a positive environment that values the uniqueness of each individual. By following these principles, we can work towards becoming productive members of society and global citizens with 21st century learning skills.

Glossary:
- Vision: A clear idea or image of what we want to achieve in the future.
- Positive environment: An environment that encourages learning and growth, where everyone feels valued and respected.
- Uniqueness: The quality of being unique or one of a kind.
- SMART goals: Goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound.

[**End of Lesson**]