text:
AUSTIN — The Texas Legislature began this year’s session with a major case of toll fatigue. After more than a decade of letting local and state planners partially fund large highway projects through toll collections, most lawmakers had little appetite left for such projects. Some talked openly about scrapping many tolls already in place.

Five months later, the state’s vast toll network remains intact, but the prospects for new toll projects have dimmed. In Dallas, Austin and San Antonio, major highway projects originally planned with toll lanes are in limbo as local officials try to work out the path ahead, according to lawmakers and state officials with knowledge of the projects.

“The CDA delivery model has not been killed, but it has been mothballed for now,” said Texas Transportation Commissioner Victor Vandergriff, referring to “comprehensive development agreements,” a common way for local or state entities to partner with private companies to launch a toll project. This session was the first since 2007 during which lawmakers didn’t pass a so-called CDA bill authorizing a list of new toll projects.

Lawmakers also agreed to ask voters to boost spending to the Texas Department of Transportation by billions of dollars, but specified that none of the new funds can go to toll roads. Another bill signed by Gov. Greg Abbott blocks lawmakers from borrowing from the Texas Mobility Fund, a rotating fund set up in 2001 to provide money for state transportation projects that has helped fund toll projects in the past.

Together, the measures choke off state funding for toll projects, and could encourage planners to avoid tolling on highway expansions. But if the state can’t help pay for enough free roads to unsnarl Texas traffic, local officials might still decide to borrow private money — and pay higher interest rates — to get toll roads built, warned Brian Cassidy, a managing partner with Locke Lord, a law firm that works with regional mobility authorities.

“There’s less money available that TxDOT controls that will be used for toll roads,” Cassidy said. “That has the potential to make it harder, or more expensive really, to do projects.”

State transportation officials have said for years that they need about $5 billion more annually to keep traffic congestion from getting worse as the population booms. Lawmakers this session gave them a large chunk of what they requested. By 2020, road funding could be up by more than $4 billion a year, mostly by dedicating tax revenue the state already collects to transportation.

Yet TxDOT leaders stressed during the session that the $5 billion estimate came with some fine print; it assumed that the agency could continue to use tolling to complete certain highway projects faster. Without that option, the agency’s annual funding shortfall is closer to $10 billion.

“Basically, if we got $5 billion, then that could be leveraged into $5 billion more,” Vandergriff said.

Only recently, Sanford said, did he realize the extent to which legislation that did pass this session could limit toll projects. He pointed to the troubles now facing the Interstate Highway 635/LBJ East project in northeastern Dallas County. On the day the session ended, eight Dallas-area legislators announced formation of the IH-635 East Legislative Caucus, seeking a way to move the project forward now that funding it through toll lanes appears less likely.

“When I left Austin, I felt like the managed toll system wasn’t in any jeopardy,” Sanford said. “Now it looks like the new legislation has a bit more teeth than I thought.”

One member of the new caucus, state Rep. Cindy Burkett, R-Sunnyvale, said the Dallas-Fort Worth area in particular is “toll weary” with several toll lanes having recently opened in the region. Yet congestion is bad enough that local communities aren’t willing to wait the years it will likely take for state officials to find the funds to begin turning over dirt on their own, she said.

“We want to look at some way we can get it done without having to wait for session again,” Burkett said.

One possibility, she said, may be to organize the project around lanes that would be tolled for a limited period, perhaps just long enough to pay off construction debt, a throwback to the way toll roads were handled in Texas decades ago.

“I just think people feel if we have to use any managed lane capacity, it has an end in sight,” Burkett said.

In San Antonio, the largest city in Texas without any toll roads, plans to add toll lanes to U.S. 281 and Interstate 10 appeared all but certain until last week, when local officials sent a letter to TxDOT and local members of the Legislature requesting an extra $268 million in state funds to remove all tolls from the project.

The letter, from Bexar County Judge Nelson Wolff, County Commissioner Kevin Wolff and John Clamp, chairman of the Alamo Regional Mobility Authority, cited the extra transportation funding approved this session as a reason why the county didn’t believe the project should need any tolling.

“In fairness to the citizens of Bexar County, both segments need this funding in order to avoid managed tolled lanes,” the letter reads.

Texas Transportation Commission Chairman Tryon Lewis wrote in a letter back that TxDOT will continue to work with local officials on “possible funding assistance.”

In Austin, local and state officials unveiled plans this month to expand the busiest part of Interstate 35 over 10 years, a multibillion-dollar endeavor that would be funded in part through toll lanes. State Sen. Kirk Watson, D-Austin, tried and failed to get the project added as an authorized CDA this session. He said he and others are still working on “the funding puzzle” for clearing up one of the state’s most congested roads. To get the project started sooner, tolling may be unavoidable, he said.

“I would prefer to seeing us do this in the pay-as-you-go fashion, but the problem is the state has been negligent getting to this point and we have a crisis on I-35,” Watson said. Despite the funding increases approved this year, he predicted that many lawmakers won’t realize until the 2017 session how transportation funds remain far short of the state’s needs.

“We have done all the easy stuff now, and we still don’t have enough money,” Watson said. “So we’re going to have to figure out what other tools might be available to us and how we can make them work in conjunction with this additional money.”

AMAN BATHEJA reports for The Texas Tribune where this story was originally published. It is made available here through a news partnership between the Texas Tribune and the San Marcos Mercury.

textbook:
Lesson: The Texas Legislature and Toll Roads

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the role of the Texas Legislature in toll roads and their impact on transportation in the state. We will cover the basics of toll roads, the history of toll roads in Texas, and the current status of toll roads in the state.

What are Toll Roads?
Toll roads are highways or expressways where drivers must pay a fee to use them. This fee is usually collected through an electronic toll collection system. Toll roads are often used to fund the construction and maintenance of highways and other transportation infrastructure.

History of Toll Roads in Texas:
In the early days of Texas, toll roads were the only way to travel across the state. These toll roads were privately owned and operated by individuals who charged a fee for people to use their roads. However, as the state grew and more people began driving cars, the need for a statewide transportation system became apparent. In 1917, the Texas Legislature created the Texas Highway Department to oversee the construction and maintenance of highways throughout the state.

The Rise of Toll Roads in Texas:
In the 1950s, the Texas Legislature began to explore the idea of using toll roads to fund the construction of new highways. This was seen as a way to provide needed transportation infrastructure without having to raise taxes. Over the next few decades, the use of toll roads in Texas grew, with many major highways being built using toll revenue.

The Current Status of Toll Roads in Texas:
As of 2021, there are over 1,000 miles of toll roads in Texas. These toll roads are operated by various agencies, including the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), the North Texas Tollway Authority, and the Harris County Toll Road Authority. While there is still some support for toll roads in Texas, there has been a growing movement to eliminate or reduce tolls on existing toll roads.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Texas Legislature has played a significant role in the development and maintenance of toll roads in Texas. While toll roads have been an effective way to fund transportation infrastructure, there has been some pushback against their use in recent years. As we continue to explore new ways to fund transportation projects, it is important that we consider all options, including the potential benefits and drawbacks of toll roads.


text: Santhosh joined NEA as a Principal on the Healthcare Team in 2018 and primarily focuses on investments in biopharmaceuticals. Prior to joining NEA, Santhosh was a Vice President at Cowen and Company in Equity Research, where he covered SMID Cap Biotechnology stocks across all therapeutic areas. Prior to Cowen, Santhosh was an Associate Director in oncology clinical development at Pfizer. Prior to Pfizer, he was a preclinical scientist at Millennium Pharmaceuticals/Takeda.. Santhosh earned his PhD in Biomedical Engineering from the University of Pennsylvania and completed his postdoctoral work in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics at Columbia University. He is a CFA Charterholder.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Investment Principles in Biopharmaceuticals
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the principles of investing in biopharmaceuticals. We will cover topics such as understanding the industry, analyzing financial statements, and identifying potential investment opportunities. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of the biopharmaceutical industry and how to make informed investment decisions.
Section 1: Understanding the Biopharmaceutical Industry
Topic 1: Overview of the Industry
- Definition of biopharmaceuticals
- Importance of the industry
- Key players in the industry
Topic 2: Drug Development Process
- Preclinical research
- Clinical trials
- Regulatory approval
- Commercialization
Topic 3: Business Models in the Industry
- Pharmaceutical companies
- Biotech companies
- Contract research organizations (CROs)
Section 2: Analyzing Financial Statements
Topic 1: Reading Financial Statements
- Income statement
- Balance sheet
- Cash flow statement
- Notes to financial statements
Topic 2: Analyzing Financial Ratios
- Price-to-earnings ratio (P/E)
- Debt-to-equity ratio
- Return on equity (ROE)
- Earnings per share (EPS)
Section 3: Identifying Potential Investment Opportunities
Topic 1: Company Fundamentals
- Revenue growth
- Earnings growth
- Market share
- Competitive advantage
Topic 2: Valuation Techniques
- Discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis
- Price-to-earnings-to-growth (PEG) ratio
- Enterprise value-to-revenue (EV/R) ratio
- Price-to-book (P/B) ratio
Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have covered the basics of investing in biopharmaceuticals. We learned about the industry, how to analyze financial statements, and how to identify potential investment opportunities. By applying these principles, you can make informed investment decisions and potentially profit from the growth of the biopharmaceutical industry.
Glossary:
- Biopharmaceuticals: Drugs that are derived from living organisms, such as genetically engineered proteins or antibodies.
- Clinical trials: Tests conducted on humans to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a drug.
- Regulatory approval: The process by which a government agency reviews and authorizes the sale of a drug.
- Commercialization: The process of bringing a drug to market and making it available for sale.
- Pharmaceutical companies: Companies that research, develop, and sell drugs.
- Biotech companies: Companies that use living organisms to develop drugs or other products.
- Contract research organizations (CROs): Companies that provide research services to pharmaceutical and biotech companies.


text: As Presidents of its three founding. universities, we congratulate CareerOwl as its service becomes available to. students, graduates, and prospective employers.. This is a valuable initiative in. assisting the transition from the educational to the working environment, and. it provides a career marketplace in which talents, skills, and aptitudes can be. appropriately matched with employment opportunities.. In facilitating rapid and appropriate job. placement for our most outstanding graduates, CareerOwl helps to maximize the. effectiveness of our investment in higher education and to keep our most. productive workers here in Canada.. Paul Davenport. University of. Western Ontario. Roderick Fraser. University of. Alberta. January 1999. Martha Piper. University of. British Columbia

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to CareerOwl

Introduction:
CareerOwl is an online platform that connects students, graduates, and employers to help with job placement. In this lesson, we will learn about the benefits of using CareerOwl, how it works, and what it offers.

Section 1: Understanding CareerOwl

**Topic 1: What is CareerOwl?**
- CareerOwl is an online platform that helps students, graduates, and employers find the right fit for their career goals.
- It was founded by three university presidents who wanted to make the transition from education to work easier.
- The platform provides a marketplace where talents, skills, and aptitudes can be matched with appropriate employment opportunities.

**Topic 2: How does CareerOwl work?**
- CareerOwl works by connecting students, graduates, and employers through an online platform.
- Students and graduates can create profiles and upload their resumes, while employers can post job listings.
- The platform uses algorithms to match candidates with jobs that fit their skills and experience.
- Users can also search for jobs based on their interests, location, and other criteria.

**Topic 3: What does CareerOwl offer?**
- CareerOwl offers a variety of services to help users find the right career path.
- These services include career counseling, job search assistance, and access to networking events.
- The platform also provides resources such as articles, videos, and webinars on various career topics.

Section 2: Benefits of Using CareerOwl

**Topic 1: For Students and Graduates**
- Using CareerOwl can help students and graduates find internships, co-op positions, and full-time jobs.
- The platform allows users to connect with employers and recruiters, increasing their chances of getting hired.
- CareerOwl also provides resources to help users improve their job search skills and prepare for interviews.

**Topic 2: For Employers**
- Employers can use CareerOwl to find qualified candidates for their job openings.
- The platform allows employers to target specific groups of candidates based on their skills, education, and experience.
- CareerOwl also provides resources to help employers develop effective job descriptions and interview questions.

Section 3: Conclusion

In conclusion, CareerOwl is an excellent resource for students, graduates, and employers looking to connect with each other and find the right career fit. By using CareerOwl, users can access job listings, career counseling, and networking opportunities. With its many benefits, it's no wonder that CareerOwl has become a valuable tool in the world of work.

Glossary:
- Platform: An application or software that enables users to perform specific tasks.
- Algorithm: A set of instructions or rules that a computer program follows to solve a problem.
- Marketplace: A place where buyers and sellers come together to exchange goods or services.
- Talent: A natural ability or skill.
- Aptitude: A natural ability or inclination towards a particular skill or activity.
- Employment opportunities: Jobs or positions that are available for people to apply for.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about CareerOwl, an online platform that connects students, graduates, and employers to help with job placement. We covered the benefits of using CareerOwl, how it works, and what it offers. We also discussed the importance of using CareerOwl for both students and graduates and for employers. By understanding the benefits and features of CareerOwl, we can apply these skills to other job search platforms and improve our chances of finding the right career fit.


text:
Shifting Gears to Cycling Would be Big Climate Boost

Something green is happening in larger cities throughout the U.S. — green-colored bike lanes are spreading like bubble tea shops throughout Manhattan. Salt Lake City just installed America’s first urban street intersection designed to protect cyclists. Motor vehicle lanes are shrinking in Los Angeles to accommodate more bike commuters.

The climate would benefit in a big way if urban commuters worldwide would leave their cars at home and use those dedicated bike lanes to cycle to work, and if more cities would prioritize bike commuting in their urban planning, according to a University of California-Davis report published Thursday.

A bike lane in Florida. Credit: Daniel Oines/flickr

Greenhouse gas emissions coming from motor vehicles in big cities worldwide would dive about 11 percent, saving society $24 trillion in infrastructure and other costs between today and 2050 if city dwellers would use bicycles and electric bikes for about 10 percent of their urban trips instead of using motor vehicles, the report says.

The study was commissioned by three pro-bicycle groups — the European Cyclists’ Federation, the Bicycle Product Suppliers Association and the Union Cycliste Internationale — but researchers and scientists not associated with those groups by and large supported the findings.

Today, 6 percent of all trips in cities globally are on bikes. In the U.S., bikes account for 1 percent of all urban travel.

If global annual carbon dioxide emissions from urban transportation continue on their current trajectory, they stand to increase from 2.3 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide in 2015 to 4.3 gigatonnes in 2050. But if people adopt cycling in cities to the extent the study envisions, it says that carbon dioxide emissions from urban transportation could be reduced to today’s levels in 2050.

“This is the first report that quantifies the potential carbon dioxide and cost savings associated with a worldwide shift toward much greater use of cycling in urban areas,” co-author Lewis Fulton, director of the Sustainable Transportation Energy Pathways program at UC-Davis, said. “The estimated impacts surprised me because they are so large. The costs saved in lower energy use and reducing the need for car travel, new roads and parking lots through 2050 are substantial.”

Both cycling and mass transit will need to account for a large share of travel in urban areas in the future if cities are to become less dependent on cars, he said, and electric bikes, or e-bikes, are a huge part of that.

E-bikes are challenging because even in bike-friendly cities, infrastructure and public policies do not always accommodate the safe use of e-bikes, which use electric motors to assist in pedaling and can often travel faster than traditional bicycles. For example, e-bikes are banned in New York City, even though they are commonly seen on the streets there.

For cities to achieve the drop in greenhouse gas emissions and to encourage people to shift from cars to bikes, cities need to develop cycling and e-bike infrastructure quickly, implement bike-share programs, encourage the development of mass transit to accommodate non-motorized transportation options that can be combined with cycling and repeal policies that subsidize motorized vehicle use.

In other words, Fulton said, cities worldwide should follow the lead of Copenhagen, where about 40 percent of the city’s trips are on bikes.

“They had relatively low cycling levels as recently as the 1960s,” he said. “They just started putting in infrastructure and they just kept doing that through the 60s, 70s and 80s. The last 30 years is when they went to the 40 percent level. It’s a great example of a city that shows how you can make it happen and how you can change the culture.”

But changing a city’s culture to accommodate cycling is something the report doesn’t address adequately, and it could be a major barrier to achieving such a broad global shift toward cycling in urban areas, said Kevin Krizek, director of the University of Colorado-Boulder’s Environmental Design Building program, who is unaffiliated with the report.

“Going down the path of the high-shift cycling scenario beckons a larger call toward culture, funding and societal characteristics,” Krizek said. “Bicycling has widely varying social connotations in some cultures and painting it as a silver bullet that is irrespective of these cultures leaves a lot of distance to cover there.”

Protected bike lanes in Seattle. Credit: SDOT/flickr

Fulton said that’s a fair point, and it’s especially applicable to some African cities, where cycling is seen by some as being primarily for low-income people, and it carries a stigma.

In Africa, “it’s about getting off the bike and showing that you have some other way to get around,” Fulton said. “That’s just simply another example of where governments and other stakeholders need to get together to change that culture.”

Krizek said the report is valuable because it shows how cycling — especially e-bikes — can benefit both society and the environment, but its emissions reduction calculations may be overly “aggressive.” And, because the report was commissioned by advocacy groups, its findings should be taken with a “grain of salt.”

Fulton said the report was “pretty independent,” and his greenhouse gas emissions figures were not influenced by the sponsors. However, he said, he did collaborate with the sponsors on determining the feasibility of cycling one day accounting for 10 percent or more of urban commutes globally.

Other scientists unaffiliated with the report said its methods are solid and shows what role bicycles can play in a warming world.

“The conclusions that if we could increase cycling for more urban travel we could reduce carbon dioxide is intuitively true,” Elliott Sclar, professor of urban planning at Columbia University’s Earth Institute, said. “The importance of the report is that it begins to put numbers on the order of magnitude concerning what such a shift could mean if it came to pass. The degree this can succeed depends upon the degree to which the political climate will permit us to move away from the present BAU (business as usual).”

Sclar said he is not concerned about any effect the sponsors may have had on the study because its methods are sound.

Ralph Buehler, associate professor of urban affairs at Virginia Tech, called the report “daring” because it comes up with big-picture estimates of global bike use at a time when data on global cycling trends are poor, particularly for developing countries.

“The nice thing is, it gives us a look into what’s possible,” Buehler said. “They estimate that bike trips will replace more carbon-intensive trips, and that’s where the carbon dioxide emissions savings will come from. I think the estimates sound reasonable to me.”

Susan Shaheen, director of Innovative Mobility Research at University of California-Berkeley, said the feasibility for a broad urban shift toward cycling depends on the city.

“Increased investment in infrastructure that promotes safety and separation from automobiles would likely make scenarios envisioned in this report more plausible,” she said.

“The argument for bicycles is a pretty clean one. If you increase bicycling, emissions will generally drop.”

You May Also Like:

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Texas, California Lead Nation in Carbon Emissions

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: The Benefits of Cycling as an Alternative Mode of Transportation

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the benefits of cycling as an alternative mode of transportation. We will learn about the environmental, economic, and health benefits of cycling and why it is an important part of sustainable urban planning.

Section 1: Environmental Benefits
- Greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles in big cities worldwide would dive about 11% if city dwellers would use bicycles and electric bikes for their daily commute.
- This would save society $24 trillion in infrastructure and other costs between now and 2050.
- Cars are one of the leading sources of air pollution, and reducing their use can improve air quality and reduce the risk of respiratory diseases.

Section 2: Economic Benefits
- Building more bike lanes and promoting cycling as a mode of transportation can create jobs and stimulate economic growth.
- Cities that prioritize cycling as part of their urban planning can attract more tourists and businesses, leading to increased revenue.
- Reducing the number of cars on the road can also lead to cost savings for individuals and governments, as there would be less need for parking spaces, traffic control measures, and road maintenance.

Section 3: Health Benefits
- Cycling is an excellent form of exercise that can improve cardiovascular health, increase muscle strength, and reduce the risk of obesity and other chronic diseases.
- It is also an environmentally friendly way to stay active, as it does not contribute to air pollution or greenhouse gas emissions.
- In addition, cycling can help reduce stress and improve mental health, as it provides a chance to enjoy fresh air and nature while commuting.

Conclusion:
Cycling is an important part of sustainable urban planning, as it has numerous benefits for both individuals and society as a whole. By promoting cycling and investing in bike-friendly infrastructure, we can reduce our carbon footprint, improve air quality, stimulate economic growth, and improve public health. So, next time you are considering your commute, think about hopping on a bike instead of getting in your car - your body, wallet, and the planet will thank you!

Glossary:
- Bike lanes: A dedicated lane for cyclists on a road, usually separated from motor vehicle traffic by a physical barrier.
- Urban planning: The process of designing and regulating the use of land in urban areas to achieve sustainable and efficient land use.
- Greenhouse gas emissions: Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.
- Air pollution: Contamination of the air by harmful substances, such as particulate matter and gases, that can harm human health and the environment.
- Respiratory diseases: Diseases that affect the respiratory system, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).


text: 4/4S.. The charger itself is a rechargeable lithium ion battery that outputs one amp of power.. Works With Most Portable Devices. Power up anywhere by connecting a Micro USB or iPhone/iPod device using the two on-board connectors. Two Ways to Recharge. You can easily recharge your Portable Backup Battery via USB input. Or, drop and charge on any Powermat Wireless Charger. IMPORTANT: Limited Quantities: Max. 10 units per customer.. Please Note: The wireless charging capability refers to the ability to wirelessly recharge this powerbank (not to wireless charge your phone). Please note that in order to do so, a wireless charger from the Powermat standard needs to be used (not included). This unit can also be recharged the conventional way: using the included USB.

textbook:
Title: Understanding Wireless Charging Capability

## Section 1: Introduction
Wireless charging is a technology that allows you to charge your devices without the need for cables. In this lesson, we will learn about wireless charging capability and how it works. We will also explore the benefits of wireless charging and how it can make our lives easier.

## Section 2: What is Wireless Charging Capability?
Wireless charging capability refers to the ability of a device to receive power without the need for physical connections such as cables. This technology uses electromagnetic induction to transfer energy from a charging source to the device being charged.

## Section 3: How does Wireless Charging Work?
Wireless charging works by using an electromagnetic field to transfer energy between two objects. When an object is placed on a wireless charging pad, the pad generates an electromagnetic field around it. This field induces an electric current in the device, which then charges the battery.

## Section 4: Benefits of Wireless Charging
There are several benefits to using wireless charging technology. First, it eliminates the need for cables, making it easier to charge multiple devices at once. Second, it is safer because there are no cords to trip over or get tangled up in. Finally, it is more convenient because you can charge your device without having to plug it in.

## Section 5: Applications of Wireless Charging
Wireless charging technology has many applications beyond just charging your phone. It can be used to power wearable devices such as smartwatches, fitness trackers, and VR headsets. It can also be used to charge electric vehicles, drones, and other battery-powered devices.

## Section 6: Self-Debate Discussion
Is wireless charging worth the investment? Some people argue that the convenience of wireless charging outweighs the cost, while others believe that it is not worth the extra expense. What do you think?

## Glossary
- Wireless Charging Capability: The ability of a device to receive power without the need for physical connections such as cables.
- Electromagnetic Induction: The process of generating an electric current in a conductor by moving it through a magnetic field.
- Electromagnetic Field: A field that surrounds a magnet or an electric generator, consisting of lines of force at right angles to the direction of the force.

## Conclusion
Wireless charging capability is a technology that is becoming increasingly popular. It offers many benefits, including convenience, safety, and ease of use. By understanding how it works and its potential applications, we can appreciate the importance of this technology and how it can make our lives easier.


text: Le Cabinet de Curiositiés. This section includes a selection of curated gifts inspired by nature. A collection of things we love, handmade in most cases, unusual, whimsical, earthy, practical or not, in short, beautiful objects to spice up our life.. $55.00. Handmade Cyanotype Sachet We found this amazing leaf at the Farmette one fall. Some critter had.... View full product details →. $46.00. Handmade Cyanotype Sachet This lovely hare’s tail grass (lazarus ovatus) cyanotype print on textile is...

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Cyanotype Printing

**Objective:** To introduce students to the process of cyanotype printing, a historical photographic technique that produces blue and white images.

**Materials:**
- White paper
- Water
- Ferric ammonium citrate (or other cyanotype solution)
- UV light or sunlight
- Objects to be printed (leaves, flowers, etc.)

**Section 1: Theory**

Cyanotype printing is a photographic process that was invented by Sir John Herschel in 1842. It uses a solution of ferric ammonium citrate to create a light-sensitive film on paper. When exposed to UV light or sunlight, the areas that are covered by the object being printed will remain white, while the uncovered areas will turn blue.

The process of cyanotype printing involves several steps:

1. Coating the paper with a solution of ferric ammonium citrate.
2. Placing the object on top of the paper and exposing it to UV light or sunlight.
3. Developing the image by washing it with water.
4. Drying the paper.

**Section 2: Practice**

1. Begin by coating a piece of white paper with a solution of ferric ammonium citrate. You can use a brush or a spoon to spread the solution evenly across the paper. Allow the solution to dry completely.

2. Once the solution has dried, place the object you want to print on top of the paper. You can use leaves, flowers, or any other natural object. Make sure that the object is flat and that there are no air bubbles between the object and the paper.

3. Expose the paper to UV light or sunlight for about 10 minutes. This will allow the areas that are covered by the object to harden and become resistant to the developing solution.

4. After exposure, carefully wash the paper with water to develop the image. The areas that were covered by the object will remain white, while the uncovered areas will turn blue.

5. Finally, allow the paper to dry completely before handling it.

**Section 3: Questions and Answers**

**Question:** Why does cyanotype printing produce blue and white images?

**Answer:** Cyanotype printing produces blue and white images because the solution of ferric ammonium citrate creates a light-sensitive film that reacts to UV light or sunlight. When the object is exposed to this light, the areas that are covered by the object remain white, while the uncovered areas turn blue.

**Question:** How can cyanotype printing be used today?

**Answer:** Cyanotype printing can be used today as an art form, to create unique and beautiful images. It can also be used in scientific applications, such as creating blueprints or reproducing old photographs.

**Conclusion:** In this lesson, we learned about the process of cyanotype printing, a historical photographic technique that produces blue and white images. We practiced the process by creating our own cyanotype prints using natural objects. This skill can be applied to a variety of creative projects, from artwork to scientific applications.


text:
If I forgot any big names or used someone in multiple picks, let me know. Used CBS for some ordering of the prospects

• Oakland trade 1st rounder to Miami for a 1st and 2nd rounder (IND)
• New York Jets trade 1st rounder to St. Louis for 1st and 3rd rounder
• New Orleans trades 1st round to San Francisco for 1st and 3rd (CAR)
• Buffalo trades 2nd and 3rd rounder to Green Bay for 1st round
• San Diego trades 1st rounder to Cincinnati for 1st rounder and 3rd

Round 1

1. Kansas City- Geno Smith, QB, West Virginia
- The Chiefs need a QB, and Smith is seeming the best of the bunch. Unless someone blows up at the Senior Bowl, Smith will go #1.

2. Jacksonville- Star Lotulelei, DT, Utah
- The Jags added Babin in the middle of the pick and used a second rounder on Branch. The Jags add another talented big man at DT instead.

3. Miami (From Oak)- Luke Joeckel, OT, Texas A&M
- The Dolphins have multiple picks in rounds 1, 2, and 3. The Dolphins could let Jake Long walk and if that's the case, they should move up and take Joeckel, who can produce for much less.

4. Philadelphia- Dee Milliner, CB, Alabama
- Hate this pick, but if Joeckel is off the board, the Eagles could use a DB to replace DRC and potentially Nnamdi.

5. Detroit- Bjoern Werner, DE, Florida State
- The Lions can use a DE with Avril and KVB potentially testing FA.

6. Cleveland- Jarvis Jones, OLB, Georgia
- The Browns could use another pass rusher. Either DE or OLB, Jones can get to the QB.

7. Arizona- DeMontre Moore, DE/OLB, Texas A&M
- With no good QB or OT on the board, the Cards can use this pick on another pass rusher.

8. Buffalo- Barkevious Mingo, DE, LSU
- The Bills are looking for a QB, but they can use another pass rusher opposite of Mario Williams.

9. St Louis (From NYJ)- Eric Fisher, OT, Central Michigan
- Jets move down to get more talent/depth. Rams realize they have a weak crop of OT to work with, so they move up and get Eric Fisher, who could play LT or RT.

11. Cincinnati (From SD)- Sam Montgomery, DE, LSU
- Bengals move up a bit thanks to SD moving back for a OT/more picks. Montgomery might be elevated in the draft thanks to his overall ability and the Bengals use him to help the pass rush.

12. Oakland (From MIA)- Jesse Williams, DT, Alabama
- I love his game. I think he'll move up the draft board, thanks to his ability to play DE and DT. For the Raiders, you move down, get more picks, and add Williams to potentially play next to Seymour

13. Tampa Bay- Jonathan Banks, CB, Mississippi State
- The Bucs have a monster need at CB, and Banks could come in and start right away.

14. Carolina- Matt Elam, S, Florida
- Sheldon Richardson or Matt Elam, and I went Elam. The Panthers need some help in the secondary, and Elam could start helping that position, and Carolina gets DT help in round 2.

15. San Francisco (From NO)- Sheldon Richardson, DE, Missouri
- 49ers have a couple of picks later as well, so they move up and get one of the more intriguing players in Sheldon Richardson as Smith's eventual replacement.

16. New York Jets (From STL)- Dion Jordan, OLB, Oregon
- Jets move down to get more picks to help rebuild their team. The Jets need someone who could get to the QB, and Jordan has that skill.

17. Pittsburgh- Manti Te’o, ILB, Notre Dame
- Steelers will need someone who can play ILB next to Timmons. Thanks to a disappointing championship game, Te'o is here.

18. Dallas- Ziggy Ansah, DE, BYU
- Moving to the 4-3, the Cowboys will need another DE opposite of Ware. Ansah has the potential to be JPP 2.0, and that could intrigue Jerry.

19. New York Giants- Alec Ogletree, OLB, Georgia
- The Giants could use a OT, but ILB for now seems like the best talent. Ogletree has the upside to be great, and could create an impact early.

20. Chicago- Jonthan Cooper, OG, North Carolina
- Bears needs some help on that line, and Cooper helps immensely in the passing and running game.

21. San Diego (From CIN)- Lane Johnson, OT, Oklahoma
- The Chargers move back, and grab one of the more interesting OT's in the 6-7 Johnson, who could give SD a RT starter.

22. St. Louis- Kenny Vacarro, S, Texas
- Rams need a WR, but they also need a S. Vacarro could come in right away and give them a ballhawk in the secondary.

23. Minnesota- Kennan Allen, WR, California
- The Vikings have a couple of weapons, but they throw in another in Keenan Allen, who could be the best WR in the draft.

24. Indianapolis- Barrett Jones, OG/OC, Alabama
- The Colts need to protect Andrew Luck, and Jones' versatility could provide some help to that young Colts line.

25. Buffalo (From GB)- Ryan Nassib, QB, Syracuse
- Bills lock in a need, and get the QB they want. I don't know if Nassib is this good, but he's played in the system. One half season of grooming and Nassib could be the starter in 2014.

26. Seattle- Tyler Eifert, TE, Notre Dame
- I mocked a TE to SEA and Zach Miller rose from the dead. Still, I think Eifert has potential to be amazing, and for Wilson, you get him another explosive weapon.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Probability

### Overview
Probability is a branch of mathematics that deals with the likelihood of events occurring. It is used in various fields such as gambling, finance, statistics, and computer science. In this lesson, we will learn about probability theory, which includes the concept of independent events, dependent events, and conditional probability. We will also learn how to calculate probabilities using different methods such as the formula for probability, sample space, and expected value. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to apply probability theory to real-world scenarios and make informed decisions based on data.

### Section 1: Introduction to Probability Theory

**What is Probability Theory?**
Probability theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the likelihood of events occurring. It is used to make predictions about future events based on past data. Probability theory is divided into two main categories: discrete probability and continuous probability. Discrete probability deals with countable outcomes, while continuous probability deals with uncountable outcomes.

**Independent Events**
Two events are considered independent if the occurrence of one event does not affect the occurrence of the other event. For example, flipping a coin twice is an independent event because the outcome of one flip does not affect the outcome of the other flip.

**Dependent Events**
Two events are considered dependent if the occurrence of one event affects the occurrence of the other event. For example, drawing a red card from a deck of cards and then drawing another red card is a dependent event because the first draw affects the probability of drawing a red card in the second draw.

**Conditional Probability**
Conditional probability is the probability of one event occurring given that another event has already occurred. It is denoted by P(A|B), where A is the event that has already occurred, and B is the event that may or may not have occurred.

### Section 2: Calculating Probabilities

**Formula for Probability**
The formula for probability is P(A) = n(A)/n(S), where P(A) is the probability of event A occurring, n(A) is the number of favorable outcomes for event A, and n(S) is the total number of possible outcomes.

**Sample Space**
The sample space is the set of all possible outcomes of an experiment. It is denoted by S and is used to calculate the probability of an event occurring.

**Expected Value**
The expected value is the average value of an experiment. It is calculated by multiplying each outcome by its probability and then summing up the products. The formula for expected value is E(X) = ΣP(Xi) * Xi, where E(X) is the expected value of the experiment, P(Xi) is the probability of outcome i, and Xi is the value of outcome i.

### Section 3: Applying Probability Theory to Real-World Scenarios

**Coin Tossing**
Suppose you have a fair coin and want to know the probability of getting heads or tails when you toss the coin. The sample space for this experiment is {H, T}, where H represents heads and T represents tails. There are two favorable outcomes: H and T. Therefore, the probability of getting heads or tails is P(H) + P(T) = 1.

**Lottery**
Suppose you have a lottery game with six numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. You choose five numbers out of these six. What is the probability of choosing all five numbers correctly? The sample space for this experiment is {(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), (1, 2, 3, 4, 6), (1, 2, 3, 5, 6), (1, 2, 4, 5, 6), (1, 3, 4, 5, 6), (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), (2, 3, 5, 6), (3, 4, 5, 6), (1, 2, 3), (1, 2, 4), (1, 2, 5), (1, 2, 6), (1, 3, 4), (1, 3, 5), (1, 3, 6), (1, 4, 5), (1, 4, 6), (1, 5, 6), (2, 3, 4), (2, 3, 5), (2, 3, 6), (2, 4, 5), (2, 4, 6), (2, 5, 6), (3, 4, 5), (3, 4, 6), (3, 5, 6), (4, 5, 6), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 6), (1, 2, 3, 4), (1, 2, 3, 5), (1, 2, 3, 6), (1, 2, 4, 5), (1, 2, 4, 6), (1, 2, 5, 6), (1, 3, 4, 5), (1, 3, 4, 6), (1, 3, 5, 6), (1, 4, 5, 6), (2, 3, 4, 5), (2, 3, 4, 6), (2, 3, 5, 6), (2, 4, 5, 6), (3, 4, 5, 6), (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), (1, 2, 3, 4, 6), (1, 2, 3, 5, 6), (1, 2, 4, 5, 6), (1, 3, 4, 5, 6), (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)}. There are 628,707 favorable outcomes in this experiment. Therefore, the probability of choosing all five numbers correctly is P(correct) = 1/628,707.

### Conclusion
In conclusion, probability theory is a powerful tool that can be used to make informed decisions based on data. By learning how to calculate probabilities and apply them to real-world scenarios, we can make better choices in areas such as gambling, finance, statistics, and computer science.


text: Delaware has had a very wet 6-8 months with precipitation rates being much much higher than normal. Septic systems struggle to operate as designed during these kinds of wet conditions. They have to handle all the normal precipitation, wastewater their designed to handle but they also have to handle all the additional precipitation they aren’t designed to operate with. Pumping your septic during times like this gives your system almost a weeks worth of rest time. That does tremendous things to help increase a systems lifespan. Give us a call today and have your system pumped. (We provide a small discount if you and your neighbor team up to have your systems pumped at the same time. ).

textbook:
**Title:** Understanding Septic Systems and Their Maintenance

**Introduction:** A septic system is a type of wastewater treatment that uses natural processes to treat and dispose of household wastewater. It is commonly used in areas where there is no connection to a centralized sewer system. In this lesson, we will learn about the components of a septic system, how they work, and the importance of maintaining them properly.

**Section 1: Components of a Septic System**

A typical septic system consists of several components that work together to treat and dispose of wastewater. These components include:

1. Septic tank: This is a large, underground container that receives and treats wastewater from your home. It is designed to hold solid waste so that it can settle to the bottom of the tank while liquid waste (effluent) rises to the top.

2. Drainfield: This is a network of perforated pipes that are buried in the ground. The effluent from the septic tank is distributed through these pipes, which allows the wastewater to be absorbed into the soil.

3. Soil: The soil surrounding the drainfield acts as a natural filter to further treat the effluent before it is released back into the environment.

**Section 2: How Septic Systems Work**

Wastewater from your home enters the septic tank, where solid waste is separated from the liquid waste. The liquid waste (effluent) then flows through the drainfield, where it is treated by the soil before being released back into the environment. The soil acts as a natural filter, removing any remaining impurities from the effluent.

**Section 3: Importance of Maintaining Septic Systems**

Proper maintenance of your septic system is essential to ensure that it functions correctly and does not cause any environmental or health problems. Some ways to maintain your septic system include:

1. Limit the amount of water you use: Excessive water usage can overload your septic system and cause it to fail. Be mindful of how much water you use and try to conserve as much as possible.

2. Avoid flushing certain items: Some items, such as feminine hygiene products, paper towels, and cat litter, should not be flushed down the drain as they can clog your septic system and cause damage.

3. Have your septic system inspected regularly: Regular inspections can help identify any potential problems with your septic system before they become serious.

4. Pump out your septic tank: Over time, solids accumulate in your septic tank. It is recommended to have your septic tank pumped out every 3-5 years to prevent it from becoming overloaded and causing damage to your drainfield.

**Conclusion:** Understanding the components of a septic system and how they work is essential for proper maintenance and care. By following the guidelines outlined in this lesson, you can help ensure that your septic system functions correctly and does not cause any environmental or health problems. Remember, a well-maintained septic system is an important part of keeping our environment clean and healthy.


text: Tel to build an attractive website.. It’s a 100% responsive on mobile and other devices to ensure that your content fits on any screen, without errors. Come with lot’s of options for your site typography, content spacing, colors, footer layouts, header styles, and so on. Supported by Codestar WordPress Framework, bbPress, The events calendar, WPBakery Page Builder, and Slider Revolution Booked Appointment plugin. You will be able to control all the elements and make any changes without needing any coding information.. Build your own website with amazing Teliqon! Please check additional info below!. Teliqon Theme Features. - Highly Customizable. -).3: 17th June 2021 - [Updated] "WPBakery Page Builder" plugin to the latest version v6.6.0 - [Updated] "Slider Revolution" plugin to the latest version v6.5.1

textbook:
Lesson: How to Build an Attractive Website
Introduction:
Building an attractive website is essential for businesses, organizations, and individuals who want to showcase their products or services online. In this lesson, we will learn about the key features of an attractive website and how to create one using WordPress.
Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is to teach you how to build an attractive website that is responsive, customizable, and easy to use.
Section 1: Understanding the Key Features of an Attractive Website
Topic 1: Responsiveness
Responsiveness refers to the ability of a website to adapt to different screen sizes and devices. A responsive website ensures that the content is displayed correctly on desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones.
Topic 2: Customization
Customization refers to the ability to change the design, layout, and functionality of a website. A customizable website allows you to add new features, change the color scheme, and modify the content without needing any coding knowledge.
Topic 3: User Friendliness
User friendliness refers to the ease of use of a website. An attractive website should be easy to navigate, read, and understand. It should also load quickly and provide relevant information to the user.
Section 2: Setting Up a WordPress Website
Step 1: Install WordPress
Go to www.wordpress.org and click on the "Download WordPress" button. Choose the latest version of WordPress and download it.
Step 2: Install WordPress
Open the WordPress file and follow the installation instructions. Choose a domain name, select a hosting provider, and create a new database.
Step 3: Select a Theme
Once WordPress is installed, go to "Appearance" > "Themes" and choose a theme that suits your needs. Teliqon is a great theme that is highly customizable and supports bbPress, The events calendar, WPBakery Page Builder, and Slider Revolution Booked Appointment plugin.
Step 4: Customize the Theme
Go to "Appearance" > "Theme Options" and customize the theme to your liking. Change the color scheme, font size, and layout to match your brand.
Section 3: Creating Content for Your Website
Topic 1: Writing Compelling Content
Write clear and concise content that is easy to read and understand. Use simple language and avoid technical jargon.
Topic 2: Adding Visual Elements
Add visual elements such as images, videos, and infographics to make your content more engaging. Use high-quality images and optimize them for fast loading times.
Topic 3: Using White Space Effectively
Use white space effectively to make your content stand out. Don't clutter your website with too many elements. Use a clean and minimalist design to make it easy to navigate.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, building an attractive website is essential for businesses and individuals who want to showcase their products or services online. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can create a website that is responsive, customizable, and user-friendly. Remember to use clear and concise content, add visual elements, and use white space effectively to make your website stand out. With the right tools and techniques, you can create an attractive website that will attract and engage your audience.


text:
Stats

Sometimes (and I mean every so often), I get this random Excitement come over me out of nowhere. It tells me that you're coming soon....And I've felt this lots of times within the last two years.

Still, I'm fighting to celebrate where I am now with my singleness and all. I'm trying to take one day at a time and really love where I'm at and respect the Lord's timing. But every so often, I get this feeling come over me. This feeling that the day we meet is literally around the CORNER. my heart quickens...At first I feel extreme hope, happiness and excitement. Then I feel nervous, unready, ashamed that I'm not being patient with God or myself, and then the feeling dissipates...haha

Regardless if I meet you or not by tomorrow (OH LORD!!! ) or by next month, or by any time this year or the next, I know you're coming...and I am excited for that moment! I find myself fantasizing about how it will be like when we first meet. I give my fantasies over to God, and say, "Lord, knowing you, It's probably even better than what I can even imagine! I won't be disappointed because you love me, and you love him. You're probably wanting us to be together more than we do!"

God is cool like that, husband. I know that marriage is hard...and I am scared of the very thing I want. But I am trusting the Lord and he will correct my thinking as I grow and mature.

This may or may not have anything to do with you, but I was prophesied over by two different people within this month of may that a "surprise was coming." Are you that surprise?? Could it be something else? I can only guess! But God is good, as I've said before, and I'm sure whatever it is will be amazing! Thank you Lord for blessing me, and blessing my husband. Thank you for all that you've done and WILL DO. Thank you God, you are gracious and Good!!!

I hope all is well with you, my dear. One day at a time. Let's be patient! Xoxoxo

My message? Do not expect too much! Events like this one are very unpredictable. Love comes to you at the moment where you do not expect it. He will come at once by surprise! That is how true love works: you don't expect it.

Nice drawing and I hope you do meet your future husband soon. Somehow I get the feeling that a woman I am getting to know is my future wife, God willing, especially since I have met enough girls who I shouldn't have gotten involved with for good reason. God has put together millions of couples who have great marriages and it's all because they worked for it and set a foundation based on God.

Big time! Never assume the person is saved/true Christian. Make him prove it. There are more counterfiets out there than there were zombies in the movie, World War Z.

You do research to buy a house/car. Do much more on a potential husband such as a background check and credit check.

Be sure that the person is active in serving the lord and community.

Know your doctrine of salvation and know that you are "saved". Your doctrine and his MUST match.

Make sure you find a man that will mutually respect you. Be sure to avoid any that will see you as nothing more than property or something to be ruled.

Patience my dear. Salvation is by faith and will save you from eternal hell.

Finding the right husband is very much by works and will save you a hell on earth.

Remember, the way they will be before the marriage will not be changed by marriage.

If they argue, he is not your choice. They need to be able to discuss differences without going to war. Arguments are won by the person with the greater firepower. Discussions come up with real solutions.

Ah, how nice! I hope you get to meet him soon, but patience is a virtue. Despite being thirteen, I adore romance (wow, I feel slightly embarrassed typing that >///<) and wonder what my future husband is like...

Also, when you said, "God is cool like that," I imagined God wearing sunglasses. He's so cool.

Yup! So many people at my school are in relationships already! I'm probably one of the few that want to wait until God tells me that a person is right for me. Plus I'm thirteen, so it's kind of logical I would want to wait, haha. I don't want to date in middle school, it seems kind of weird.

Never be embarrassed by something (or someone) you like, and never shy away from admitting it openly. On the flip side, the same goes for not liking something or someone. It's hard to build that kind of confidence, but so long as you make a continuous effort, your confidence will grow, and you will eventually be able to say what you feel whenever you want to.

I am in the same boat of SSC (Severely Single Christian). It is so easy to remind yourself you're single, unchained by responsibilities. It is just you and the Lord. No third person in your relationship with God. But then the inevitable happens. Your friends get married and have children, and you're in the most awkward group in the Church.You're too old to be part of the youth group, unmarried, and way too young to be an elder. That leaves you sitting on a pew by yourself, or if you're like me, surrounded by older people and your mother. All probably thinking, 'Poor child.'Ahhh, okay, so sorry about that. I really enjoy your Dear Future Husband. Very cute idea.You have the right idea, keep on praying, focusing on your relationship with the Lord, and enjoy your own private time with Him. Because in a way, and someday, He is/will be our Husband. And that is the most important relationship you'll ever have or will ever need.

This just gives me a fuzzy feeling. ;w; And it doesn't even make sense because I'm not interested in getting married or any of that stuff myself. xD But once again reading your experiences and writings, it just inspires me and makes me smile. I think it's because in a way, I can relate. I'm want to get a job with my artwork, and despite my fears and doubts, there are these times that I just so excited with hope that it will happen and I will make a career out of it somehow. It's a feeling that comes and goes, and it's odd. I know I just have to trust God because He will guide me to where I need to be. Just...this inspires me. Really. XD

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Statistics

### Overview

Statistics is a branch of mathematics that deals with collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting data. It is used in various fields such as economics, social sciences, and natural sciences to make informed decisions based on empirical evidence. In this lesson, we will introduce the basic concepts of statistics, including measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, and probability.

### Section 1: Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of central tendency are used to describe the typical or average value of a dataset. There are three common measures of central tendency: mean, median, and mode.

**Mean**: The mean is the sum of all values in a dataset divided by the number of values in the dataset. It is represented by the symbol μ (mu). For example, if we have a dataset {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}, the mean is calculated as (2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10) / 5 = 30/5 = 6.

**Median**: The median is the middle value of a dataset when the values are arranged in ascending order. If there are an even number of values, the median is the average of the two middle values. For example, if we have a dataset {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}, the median is 6 because it is the middle value when arranged in ascending order.

**Mode**: The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a dataset. For example, if we have a dataset {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 2, 4, 6}, the mode is 2 and 4 because they both appear twice, while the other values appear only once.

### Section 2: Measures of Dispersion

Measures of dispersion are used to describe how spread out the values in a dataset are. There are three common measures of dispersion: range, variance, and standard deviation.

**Range**: The range is the difference between the largest and smallest values in a dataset. For example, if we have a dataset {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}, the range is 10 - 2 = 8.

**Variance**: The variance is the average of the squared differences from the mean. For example, if we have a dataset {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}, the variance is (2^2 + 4^2 + 6^2 + 8^2 + 10^2) / 5 = 50/5 = 10.

**Standard Deviation**: The standard deviation is the square root of the variance. It is a measure of how spread out the values are in a dataset. For example, if we have a dataset {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}, the standard deviation is the square root of the variance, which is sqrt(10) = 3.16.

### Section 3: Probability

Probability is a measure of how likely an event is to occur. It is represented by the symbol P( ). For example, if we flip a coin, the probability of getting heads is 1/2 or 50%, while the probability of getting tails is also 1/2 or 50%.

### Glossary

- Dataset: A collection of numerical or categorical data.
- Empirical evidence: Data collected through observation and experimentation.
- Central tendency: A measure that describes the typical or average value of a dataset.
- Dispersion: A measure that describes how spread out the values in a dataset are.
- Probability: A measure of how likely an event is to occur.

### Conclusion

In this lesson, we introduced the basics of statistics, including measures of central tendency and dispersion, and probability. These concepts are essential for making informed decisions based on empirical evidence. By understanding these concepts, we can better analyze data and make predictions about future events.


text: Vascular leiomyoma of the nasal vestibule. Case report and literature review. Objectives: Vascular leiomyoma (angioleiomyoma) of the nasal cavity is an extremely rare tumour. Following a thorough review of relevant literature, we found that such tumours are more common in females. Only 4 of 30 reported cases have been found in male patients. Moreover, considering the site of the lesion within the nasal cavity, only 3 of these 30 cases originated from the nasal vestibule. Hereby, we present a case of vascular leiomyoma arising specifically from the floor of the nasal vestibule in a 68-year-old man, which is unique because it combines the specific tumour localization with the patient’s gender. Case report: The patient was treated surgically. The tumour was completely removed through an intraoral incision.. Conclusions: This is the first reported case of vascular leiomyoma arising from the floor of the nasal vestibule affecting a male patient.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Rare Tumors in the Nasal Cavity

**Objective:** In this lesson, we will learn about vascular leiomyoma, a rare tumor that can occur in the nasal cavity. We will explore its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

**Section 1: Introduction**

Vascular leiomyoma, also known as angioleiomyoma, is a rare tumor that affects the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels. It can occur in various parts of the body, including the nasal cavity. These tumors are more common in females than males. In this lesson, we will focus on a case report of a vascular leiomyoma that arose from the floor of the nasal vestibule in a male patient.

**Section 2: Symptoms and Diagnosis**

Symptoms of vascular leiomyoma in the nasal cavity may include nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and nasal congestion. These symptoms can be similar to those of other nasal tumors. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies such as CT scans or MRI.

**Section 3: Treatment**

Treatment options for vascular leiomyoma of the nasal cavity depend on the size and location of the tumor. Surgery is often the preferred method, as it allows for complete removal of the tumor. In the case report we discussed, the tumor was removed through an intraoral incision.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

In conclusion, vascular leiomyoma of the nasal cavity is a rare tumor that can occur in both males and females. However, our case report highlights that it is more common in females. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for a good prognosis. If you have any questions about this lesson or would like to learn more about rare tumors in the nasal cavity, please ask your teacher or search for additional resources.

**Glossary:**

- Vascular leiomyoma: A rare tumor that affects the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels.
- Angioleiomyoma: Another term for vascular leiomyoma.
- Nasal cavity: The space within the nose that connects the nostrils to the throat.
- Tumor: An abnormal growth of tissue that may be benign or malignant.
- Rare: Occurring or appearing to occur infrequently.
- Prognosis: The expected outcome of a disease or injury.


text: such as Nicola Cruz and Quixosis. In addition to his performance and art installations, Fidel has guest lectured and lead workshops at different universities and cultural centers, including Espacio Fundación Telefónica (Perú) and the Vértice biennale (Ecuador). As part of his training in graphic design of movement, he cofounded and serviced as director of Filoh Motion Studio (2011-2015).. Photo credit: Marko Bizarro

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Graphic Design of Movement

**Section 1: What is Graphic Design of Movement?**
Graphic Design of Movement is the process of creating visual compositions that communicate ideas, information, or messages through the arrangement of elements on a surface or in space. It involves the use of typography, color, texture, and shape to create designs that can be static or dynamic.

**Section 2: Why is Graphic Design of Movement important?**
Graphic Design of Movement is important because it helps to convey ideas and information in a visually appealing way. It can be used to create posters, advertisements, packaging, and other forms of visual communication that can attract attention and persuade people to take action.

**Section 3: How does Graphic Design of Movement work?**
Graphic Design of Movement works by combining different elements to create a cohesive whole. This can involve the use of typography, color, texture, and shape to create a design that is visually appealing and communicates a message effectively.

**Section 4: Who uses Graphic Design of Movement?**
Graphic Design of Movement is used by anyone who needs to communicate ideas or information visually. This includes businesses, organizations, artists, and individuals who want to create posters, advertisements, packaging, and other forms of visual communication.

**Section 5: Conclusion**
Graphic Design of Movement is an important skill that can help you to communicate ideas and information in a visually appealing way. By understanding the principles of design and how to combine different elements effectively, you can create designs that attract attention and persuade people to take action. Whether you are creating a poster, an advertisement, or packaging, Graphic Design of Movement can help you to achieve your goals.

**Glossary**
- Typography: The art of arranging type to make written language legible, readable, and appealing when displayed.
- Color: The visual property of objects that makes them appear different from other objects.
- Texture: The physical feel or appearance of a surface.
- Shape: A closed two-dimensional form, the boundary of which is either curved or straight line segment.
- Composition: The arrangement of elements in a design.
- Balance: The distribution of visual weight in a composition, so that no one part or side is emphasized over another.
- Harmony: The overall feeling of unity and consistency within a design.
- Emphasis: The use of contrast, repetition, or other techniques to draw attention to a particular element in a design.
- Rhythm: The pattern of movement or placement of elements within a design.
- Proportion: The size relationship between different elements in a design.
- Contrast: The difference between two elements in a design that makes them stand out from each other.
- Repetition: The use of the same element or design multiple times to create a sense of unity or rhythm.
- Alignment: The arrangement of elements along a line or grid to create a sense of order and balance.


text: This the Yorkshire Dales National Park, with mountain bikes and guided walks available. The market town of Leyburn is 2 miles; the historic town of Richmond, with its splendid castle, is 10 miles. York, Harrogate, Hawes, Middleham, The Forbidden Corner and Lightwater Valley are within easy reach. Cycling (pre-booked bikes available free of charge), fishing, golf and riding locally.. Ground floor: Living/dining room with beams. Kitchen. Utility room with toilet. First floor: 2 bedrooms: 1 double, 1 bunk. Shower room with toilet.. Gas CH, elec, bed linen and towels inc. Video. DVD. Stereo/CD. Elec cooker. M/wave. Washer/dryer. D/washer. F/freezer. Enclosed garden with patio and furniture. BBQ. Parking. No smoking.

textbook:
Title: Learning about the Yorkshire Dales National Park

---

### Lesson 1: Introduction to the Yorkshire Dales National Park

In this lesson, we will learn about the Yorkshire Dales National Park, which is located in England. We will explore its geography, history, and attractions.

### Section 1: Geography

The Yorkshire Dales National Park is a beautiful area of countryside in northern England. It covers over 680 square miles and is known for its stunning landscapes, including hills, valleys, and rivers. The park is home to many different types of wildlife, including sheep, deer, and birds.

### Section 2: History

The Yorkshire Dales have been inhabited by humans for thousands of years. People have lived in the area since before the Roman Empire came to Britain. Over time, the dales have been used for farming, mining, and other industries. Today, the park is a popular destination for tourists who want to experience the natural beauty of the region.

### Section 3: Attractions

There are many things to see and do in the Yorkshire Dales National Park. Some popular attractions include:

- The market town of Leyburn - This charming town is just a short distance from the park and is worth a visit.
- The historic town of Richmond - With its impressive castle, this town is a must-see for history buffs.
- Cycling - You can rent bikes in the park and explore the scenic trails on two wheels.
- Fishing - Anglers will enjoy the opportunity to cast a line in the park's rivers and streams.
- Golf - There are several courses in the area where you can play a round.
- Riding - Horseback riders can enjoy guided tours through the park's beautiful landscapes.

### Section 4: Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the Yorkshire Dales National Park, including its geography, history, and attractions. We also saw that there are many fun and educational activities to enjoy in the park. By understanding more about this beautiful area of England, we can appreciate its natural beauty and rich history even more.

### Glossary
- Geography: The study of the physical features of the Earth's surface.
- Attractions: Places of interest or things to see and do.
- Market town: A town where people gather to buy and sell goods.
- Historic town: A town that has historical significance or contains many historical buildings and landmarks.
- Castle: A large building with tall walls and towers, used as a fortress or palace in medieval times.
- Cycling: The activity of riding a bicycle.
- Fishing: The activity of catching fish.
- Golf: A sport played on a course with nine or eighteen holes, using clubs to hit a ball into a hole in the fewest number of strokes possible.
- Riding: Horseback riding or the activity of riding horses.


text:
La Biennale de Montreal

La Biennale de Montréal (BNL MTL) is a bi-annual multidisciplinary arts event to confront the Quebec and Canadian art with those of foreign artists around common issues and concepts corresponding to "the timeliness of the art".

Founded in 1998 by Claude Gosselin and administered by the International Contemporary Art of Montreal Center (CWC), the BNL MTL setting decompartmentalizes artistic practices by bringing together artists from the visual arts, landscape architecture, graphic design or object, video and film.
It is also a place of exchange and debate including seminars and conferences and a wide program of educational activities .

The mission of La Biennale de Montréal is to foster, support, interpret and disseminate the most current visual arts practices by producing the biennial event BNLMTL. In this way, La Biennale de Montréal offers a wide audience a privileged opportunity to grasp the esthetic and social issues addressed by today’s art. La Biennale de Montréal also provides an international platform for Québec and Canadian artists, curators, theoreticians, art critics and researchers working in various fields to meet, encounter and discuss cutting-edge practices, and contribute to different international networks.

All of the initiatives of La Biennale de Montréal are premised on risk and experimentation. Its goal is to support the most daring, thought-provoking art practices and curatorial projects while offering the public a diversity of experiences.

Directors

Claude Gosselin, 1998-2012

Nicole Gingras, 2012-2013

Sylvie Fortin, Executive and Artistic Director, 2013-2017

See also
 Art exhibition
 Art festival

References

Category:Art exhibitions in Canada
Category:Art biennials

Category:1998 establishments in Quebec

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to the Visual Arts

## Chapter 1: What are the Visual Arts?

The visual arts refer to the creation of images, objects, or environments that can be seen, heard, or experienced. These creations can be in the form of paintings, sculptures, photographs, films, or installations, among others. The visual arts are an essential part of human culture and have been used to express ideas, emotions, and stories for centuries.

## Chapter 2: Why are the Visual Arts Important?

The visual arts are important because they allow us to explore and understand the world around us. They can be used to communicate complex ideas or emotions that may be difficult to put into words. The visual arts also provide a way for people to express their creativity and imagination, which can lead to new discoveries and innovations.

## Chapter 3: How do the Visual Arts Relate to Other Fields?

The visual arts are closely related to other fields such as literature, music, and philosophy. For example, a painter may create a work of art that is inspired by a poem or a piece of music. Similarly, a filmmaker may use music or images to enhance the emotional impact of their film.

## Chapter 4: Understanding the Elements of Visual Arts

There are several elements that are commonly found in visual arts, including line, shape, color, texture, and space. These elements work together to create a composition that can be visually stimulating or emotionally engaging.

## Chapter 5: Analyzing Visual Arts

To analyze visual arts, we must first understand the elements that make up the composition. We can then examine how these elements work together to create the overall effect of the piece. Additionally, we can consider the context in which the piece was created, as well as the artist's intentions and influences.

## Chapter 6: Creating Visual Arts

Creating visual arts involves using the elements of art to communicate an idea or emotion. This can be done through painting, drawing, sculpture, photography, or any other medium. When creating visual arts, it is essential to consider the composition, color scheme, and overall impact of the piece.

## Chapter 7: Evaluating Visual Arts

Evaluating visual arts involves considering the piece's overall effectiveness in communicating the intended message. We can evaluate the piece based on its composition, use of elements, and emotional impact. Additionally, we can consider the piece's relevance to the artist's cultural or historical context.

## Conclusion:

Understanding the visual arts is an essential part of appreciating human culture and creativity. By studying the elements of art and analyzing the works of great artists, we can gain a deeper understanding of the world around us. Whether you are interested in creating your own visual art or simply appreciating the works of others, this introduction to the visual arts provides a solid foundation for further exploration.


text: Permitting. Grants & Payments. Loan Proposals & Awards. Workshops & Meetings. The Used Mattress Recovery and Recycling Act required CalRecycle to establish, in consultation with the mattress recycling organization, the state mattress recycling baseline amount and the state mattress recycling goals on or before January 1, 2018 (see more information here). CalRecycle is required, on or before July 1, 2020, and every four years thereafter, to review and update the baseline and goals as necessary.. The purpose of this workshop is to gather public comments and input on draft concepts for consideration as part of this review and potential update process. An agenda and supporting documents for this workshop will be posted in advance of the workshop date.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding the Baseline and Goals of Mattress Recycling

Introduction:
Mattress recycling is an important process that helps to reduce waste and protect the environment. In this lesson, we will learn about the baseline and goals of mattress recycling in California. We will also explore the requirements of the Used Mattress Recovery and Recycling Act and how they impact the mattress industry.

Section 1: The Baseline and Goals of Mattress Recycling

The Used Mattress Recovery and Recycling Act requires CalRecycle to establish the state mattress recycling baseline amount and goals on or before January 1, 2018. The baseline amount represents the minimum percentage of mattresses that must be recycled each year, while the goals represent the desired percentage of mattresses that should be recycled over time.

Section 2: The Used Mattress Recovery and Recycling Act

The Used Mattress Recovery and Recycling Act was enacted in response to the growing problem of mattress waste in California. The act requires manufacturers to register with CalRecycle and pay a fee to cover the costs of recycling. It also requires retailers to offer consumers a recycling option for their old mattresses.

Section 3: Reviewing and Updating the Baseline and Goals

CalRecycle is required to review and update the baseline and goals as necessary on or before July 1, 2020, and every four years thereafter. This process involves gathering public comments and input on draft concepts for consideration as part of the review and potential update process.

Section 4: Applying Skills Gained to New Problems

Understanding the baseline and goals of mattress recycling can help us make informed decisions about purchasing and disposing of mattresses. By considering the environmental impact of our choices, we can contribute to a more sustainable future.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the baseline and goals of mattress recycling in California and how they are established. We also explored the requirements of the Used Mattress Recovery and Recycling Act and its impact on the mattress industry. By applying the skills gained from this lesson, we can make more sustainable choices when purchasing and disposing of mattresses.


text: Hilton Toronto streamlines hotel events with Cendyn Getplanning. Located in the heart of the city’s financial district, Hilton Toronto hosts a year-round roster of corporate meetings, weddings and events, maintaining a stunningly high occupancy rate. The downtown hotel sits close to the Metro Toronto Convention Center, making it a frequent choice for planners in search of a prime spot in The 6ix.. With Cendyn Getplanning, the hotel gained a project management solution that sped up internal processes and allowed staff to move quicker through event-related tasks. Event managers love the big picture visibility and quality assurance that ensures everything is taken care of before, during and after an event.. “It has reduced a lot of the checking and double checking,” said Jennifer Sioutis, Director of Events for Hilton Toronto. “It changed our whole process for the better. Getplanning is a real time saver.”

textbook:
Title: Streamlining Hotel Events with Cendyn Getplanning

---

# Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn about how the Hilton Toronto used Cendyn Getplanning to streamline their hotel events. We will explore the benefits of using a project management solution, and how it can help event planners work more efficiently.

# Main Topic: The Benefits of Using a Project Management Solution for Hotel Events

## Subtopic 1: Improved Internal Processes

Using a project management solution like Cendyn Getplanning can help hotels improve their internal processes by providing a clear overview of all event-related tasks. This allows staff to work more efficiently and effectively, as they can see exactly what needs to be done and when.

## Subtopic 2: Quality Assurance

A project management solution also provides quality assurance, ensuring that everything is taken care of before, during, and after an event. This means that event planners can have peace of mind knowing that nothing will slip through the cracks, and that their events will run smoothly.

## Subtopic 3: Time Savings

By using a project management solution, hotels can save time by automating many of the tasks associated with event planning. This means that event planners can focus on more strategic tasks, such as developing relationships with clients and ensuring that their events are successful.

## Conclusion

In conclusion, using a project management solution like Cendyn Getplanning can help hotels streamline their event planning processes. By improving internal processes, providing quality assurance, and saving time, event planners can work more efficiently and effectively. This means that hotels can provide exceptional service to their clients while still maintaining a high occupancy rate.


text:
Self-inflicted enucleations: Clinical features of seven cases.
We report the clinical presentation, radiography, and management outcomes of autoenucleations (AE). Charts of 7 patients evaluated at 4 institutions with AE were reviewed. Four males and three females had a mean age of 50 years (range 26-72 years). The etiologies were psychosis secondary to underlying mental illness (6, 88%) and substance use (1, 12%), and the mechanism was largely blunt digital injury (6, 88%). Three (43%) AE patients suffered bilateral enucleations. Common concomitant injuries included eyelid lacerations (5, 71%) and optic nerve avulsion (3, 43%). Radiography was utilized for all of the study patients with computed tomography as the most common (5, 71%), followed by ultrasound (1, 14%), and magnetic resonance imaging with CT angiography (1, 14). Orbital exploration was performed in the management of all patients. Orbital implants were placed in 4 (57%) patients. Patients were followed for a mean of 1.9 months (range 1-4 months). Autoenucleation affects both genders and is commonly associated with eyelid lacerations, optic nerve avulsion, and intracranial hemorrhage. The association with intracranial hemorrhage is consistent with prior reports of internal carotid artery injury following shearing of the optic nerve. Autoenucleation cases were seen secondary to mental or substance induced psychosis, and these patients may be at risk for future injuries such as AE of the contralateral globe. The common causes for psychosis reported our patient group include schizophrenia, depression, schizoaffective disorder, and methamphetamine-induced psychosis, which corroborates with similar cases in the literature. Two of three cases of bilateral AE suffered sequential AE where the contralateral globe was enucleated days apart. All patients suffering AE should have full medical, psychiatric, neurologic, and radiologic evaluation and monitoring while under care. When evaluating patients with obvious ocular injury, accompanying intracranial injuries should be ruled out in a timely fashion before pursuing surgical intervention.

textbook:
Lesson: Self-Inflicted Enucleations
Introduction:
Enucleation is the removal of an eye from its socket. In some cases, people may intentionally or unintentionally cause enucleation in one or both eyes. This lesson will discuss the clinical features of seven cases of self-inflicted enucleations.
Clinical Presentation:
The clinical presentation of self-inflicted enucleations can vary depending on the underlying cause and mechanism of injury. In this study, the patients presented with a range of symptoms, including pain, bleeding, and vision loss.
Radiography:
Radiography is a crucial diagnostic tool in evaluating patients with self-inflicted enucleations. In this study, computed tomography (CT) was the most commonly used modality, followed by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging with CT angiography.
Management Outcomes:
The management of self-inflicted enucleations depends on the severity of the injury and the patient's overall health. In this study, orbital exploration was performed in all patients, and orbital implants were placed in four patients.
Conclusion:
Self-inflicted enucleations can have serious consequences and should be managed by a team of healthcare professionals. Understanding the clinical presentation, radiography, and management outcomes of these injuries is essential for providing appropriate care to patients.
Glossary:
Autoenucleation: The removal of an eye from its socket by oneself.
Enucleation: The removal of an eye from its socket.
Orbital exploration: A surgical procedure to examine the contents of the eye socket.
Orbital implant: A device placed in the eye socket to support a prosthetic eye.
Key Terms:
Autoenucleation: The removal of an eye from its socket by oneself.
Enucleation: The removal of an eye from its socket.
Orbital exploration: A surgical procedure to examine the contents of the eye socket.
Orbital implant: A device placed in the eye socket to support a prosthetic eye.
Self-Debating Discussion:
Why might someone intentionally cause self-inflicted enucleations? What factors should be considered when managing patients with self-inflicted enucleations? How can healthcare professionals educate patients about the potential risks and consequences of self-inflicted enucleations?


text: ARTS. Music streaming: ‘Musicians can’t eat or pay the rent’. Elbow frontman Guy Garvey talks to Will Hodgkinson about the realities of the industry. Guy Garvey of Elbow. JIM DYSON/REDFERNS/GETTY IMAGES. She has been nominated for a Mercury prize, made a series of acclaimed albums, and sold out the 1,700-capacity Roundhouse in London. Yet the Newcastle singer Nadine Shah told parliament yesterday that in a year of no gigs her revenue from streaming is not enough to “keep the wolf from the door”. And Shah, who was joined by the Elbow singer Guy Garvey, the Radiohead guitarist Ed O’Brien and Tom Gray of Gomez to give evidence before the culture select committee on the economic impact of streaming, is not alone. The classical violinist Tasmin Little reports that for more than five million Spotify streams from albums she recorded in the 1990s she earned £12.34.. “I’ve had a brilliant life as a musician and

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Music Streaming

**Objective:** To understand the basics of music streaming and its impact on musicians.

**Section 1: What is Music Streaming?**

Music streaming is a way of listening to music over the internet. It allows users to access millions of songs from different artists and genres on demand. Streaming services like Spotify, Apple Music, and Amazon Music pay royalties to the record labels and artists based on the number of times their songs are played.

**Section 2: Impact on Musicians**

While music streaming has made it easier for people to access music, it has also led to a decrease in the income of musicians. Many artists complain that the royalties they receive from streaming services are not enough to cover their expenses. Some even say that it is difficult to make ends meet.

**Section 3: Critical Thinking Questions**

1. Why do you think music streaming services only pay a small amount of royalties to artists?
2. How can we ensure that musicians are fairly compensated for their work?
3. Do you think there is a better way to monetize music? If so, what would it be?

**Glossary:**
- Royalty: A payment made to an artist or songwriter for the use of their music.
- Streaming: The process of delivering or providing continuous media files (such as audio or video) from a source to a user.
- Pay per play: A system where artists are paid a certain amount of money each time their song is played on a streaming service.

**Conclusion:**

In conclusion, music streaming has revolutionized the way we listen to music. However, it has also created challenges for musicians who struggle to make ends meet. As consumers, we need to be aware of the impact of our actions on the artists we love. By supporting them in any way we can, we can help ensure that they continue to create beautiful music for us to enjoy.


text: Description. Noble Pines cabin rug is an elegant rustic pattern with detailed pine branches bordering a neutral background. This rustic rug will fit in any home decor and bring the outdoors in. Noble Pines is part of the National Parks collection and captures the spirit of the parks beautifully. A border rug is a perfect backdrop for a dining table. For a table seating 6, ideally, your new area rug should be big enough to allow the chairs to still sit on it when pulled out. Usually, an 8×11 will be the right size. If you have a round table, we also offer an 8′ round rug. Our cabin rug is also available in a runner, 3×4, 4×5, and 5×8 to fit any room..

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Area Rugs

**Section 1: What is an Area Rug?**
An area rug is a piece of carpet or rug that is designed to cover a specific area of a room. It can be used to add color, texture, and warmth to a space, as well as to protect floors from wear and tear.

**Section 2: Types of Area Rugs**
There are many different types of area rugs available, including:
- Rectangular rugs
- Round rugs
- Runner rugs
- Border rugs
- Shag rugs
- Flat-weave rugs

Each type of area rug has its own unique features and benefits, so it’s important to choose the one that best suits your needs and decor.

**Section 3: How to Choose an Area Rug**
When choosing an area rug, there are several factors to consider:
- Size: The rug should be large enough to cover the entire floor space it is intended to cover, but not so large that it overwhelms the room.
- Color: The color of the rug should complement the existing decor of the room.
- Material: The material of the rug should be durable and easy to clean.
- Pattern: The pattern of the rug should be appropriate for the style of the room.

**Section 4: Caring for Your Area Rug**
To keep your area rug looking its best, it’s important to care for it properly. Here are some tips:
- Vacuum regularly to remove dirt and debris.
- Rotate the rug periodically to prevent wear patterns.
- Use a rug pad to prevent slipping.
- Spot clean stains as soon as they occur.
- Have the rug professionally cleaned every few years.

**Section 5: Practical Examples**
Let’s say you have a rectangular dining table that seats six people. To determine the size of the area rug you need, measure the dimensions of the table and add a few inches around the perimeter to allow for chairs to be pulled out. For example, if your table is 8 feet long and 4 feet wide, you would need a rug that is at least 10 x 5 feet.

**Conclusion**
In this lesson, we learned about area rugs, including their different types and how to choose the right one for your space. We also covered caring for your area rug and provided some practical examples to help you make informed decisions. By following these guidelines, you can add a beautiful and functional touch to any room in your home.


text: Description. Walking in the footsteps of the famous knights Templar in white mantle with red cross. This brand new original itinerary will lead you from Square du Vert-Galant in the historical center of Paris, where the Grand Master Jacques de Molay was burned at the stake in Paris in 1314 by order of King Philip IV “the Fair”, to Square du Temple, where the Templars had their Parisian headquarter and where they were arrested. You will feel their mysterious presence through ancient walls, strange doors, old streets, impressive mansions and churches, and evocative street name signs. Options: sipping a drink in a bar built into the corner tower of the medieval wall surrounding their fortress in Paris.. Reviews. There are no reviews yet.

textbook:
Lesson Title: The Knights Templar: A Historical Inquiry

Introduction:
The Knights Templar were a medieval Christian military order that played an important role in the Crusades. In this lesson, we will explore their history, beliefs, and impact on the world.

Section 1: The Origins of the Knights Templar

**Theoretical Concept:** The Knights Templar were a religious and military order that was formed in the aftermath of the First Crusade. They were sworn to protect Christian pilgrims and fight against the Muslim forces that controlled the Holy Land.

**Practical Example:** Imagine you are a young knight who has just joined the Templars. You have taken a vow of poverty, chastity, and obedience, and you are ready to fight for Christendom. How do you prepare yourself for battle? What kind of training do you undergo?

Section 2: The Beliefs and Practices of the Knights Templar

**Theoretical Concept:** The Knights Templar were a religious order that followed the rules of the Catholic Church. However, they also had their own set of beliefs and practices that set them apart from other orders.

**Practical Example:** One of the most famous Templar traditions was the use of the "seal of confession." This seal was used to keep secret any confessions made to a Templar chaplain. How does this tradition reflect the unique beliefs and practices of the Templars?

Section 3: The Impact of the Knights Templar

**Theoretical Concept:** The Knights Templar were a powerful force in the medieval world. They helped to establish the Kingdom of Jerusalem and fought in many battles against the Muslims.

**Practical Example:** The fall of the Knights Templar is a fascinating story in itself. How did their downfall affect the course of history? What lessons can we learn from their rise and fall?

Conclusion:
The Knights Templar were a remarkable group of men who dedicated their lives to fighting for Christendom. Their impact on the world cannot be overstated, and their story continues to captivate our imaginations today. By studying their history, beliefs, and practices, we can gain a deeper understanding of the medieval world and the people who shaped it.

Glossary:
- Crusades: A series of military campaigns organized by the Catholic Church to regain control of the Holy Land from the Muslims.
- Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Christian kingdom that existed in the Levant during the Crusades.
- Catholic Church: The Christian church that is in full communion with the Pope.

References:
- Demurger, Alain (1984). A History of the Templars. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42788-3.
- Barber, Malcolm (2012). The Trial of the Templars. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-60352-5.


text: Micki is a LIPA graduate, singer/songwriter and has been singing in live bands for many years. Micki caught the attention of the world through her videos, which collected an astounding 7 million views. Micki's voice has been described as both alto and soprano by her vocal coaches due to her phenomenal range and ease in any key, style and genre.. Micki's Tribute to The Divas, Is truly a one-of-a-kind show! Micki is a vocal chameleon, her unique ability to sound like many great Divas by performing some of their greatest hits in their original style. A memorable, unique and fun night with something for everyone! From Whitney, Cher, Lady Gaga, Celine Dion, Aretha Franklin, Adele, Pink to Mariah Carey & many more Divas, one amazing show from this powerhouse vocalist.. Show Options. 1 x 60 mins. 2 x 45 mins. See Micki’s Tribute show listings Cher , Karen Carpenter or her full band show with Melody Avenue

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Singing and Vocal Range

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and it involves the use of vocal cords, breath control, and pitch. Vocal range refers to the highest and lowest notes that a singer can produce with ease and without straining their voice. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of singing and how to determine vocal range.

### Questions and Answers
1. What is singing?
Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice.

2. What are the basic components of singing?
The basic components of singing are vocal cords, breath control, and pitch.

3. What is vocal range?
Vocal range refers to the highest and lowest notes that a singer can produce with ease and without straining their voice.

### Section 2: Practical Examples Using Mathematical Abstractions and Real-World Scenarios
To determine vocal range, singers often use a tool called a piano or a tuning fork. The piano has keys that produce different pitches, while a tuning fork produces a specific pitch when struck. Singers start at the lowest note they can sing without strain and end at the highest note they can sing without strain. They then mark these notes on a sheet of paper and calculate their vocal range.

For example, if a singer can sing a low C (C3) and a high C (C6) without strain, their vocal range would be from C3 to C6.

### Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions to Teach Critical Thinking
Why is it important for singers to know their vocal range?
It is important for singers to know their vocal range because it helps them choose songs that are within their capabilities and avoid damaging their voice. Singing outside of one's vocal range can cause strain and damage to the voice over time.

What are some exercises singers can do to improve their vocal range?
Singers can do exercises such as breathing exercises, lip trills, and vowel exercises to improve their vocal range. These exercises help strengthen the muscles used for singing and increase flexibility in the voice.

### Glossary
- Vocal cords: Two flaps of tissue located in the throat that produce sound when they vibrate.
- Breath control: The ability to control the flow of air through the lungs and out of the body.
- Pitch: The highness or lowness of a sound.
- Vocal range: The highest and lowest notes that a singer can produce with ease and without straining their voice.

### Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about the basics of singing and how to determine vocal range. We also explored practical examples using mathematical abstractions and real-world scenarios and engaged in self-debating discussions to teach critical thinking. By understanding these concepts, singers can improve their vocal range and avoid damaging their voice.