text: - KCII Radio - -. Volunteer Recruitment Training Reservations Due. Posted By Community On @ 6:24 am In Today's Local News | Comments Disabled. [simage=1766,200,n,left]. A training date has been scheduled for COAD members related to volunteer recruitment later this month and reservations for this training are due today. Chrystal Woller with the Washington County COAD says this training is sponsored by the United Way of Johnson County and will be talking about how to write effect job descriptions to assist in gaining the right volunteers, crafting a volunteer recruitment message and develop a targeted recruitment strategy. Reservations for this training are due today by contacting a member of the Washington County COAD.. Article printed from KCII Radio:. URL to article:

textbook:
Lesson: How to Write Effective Job Descriptions

Introduction:
Writing effective job descriptions is an essential skill for anyone involved in volunteer recruitment. In this lesson, we will learn how to write clear and concise job descriptions that attract the right volunteers for your organization. We will cover the following topics:

1. Understanding the purpose of job descriptions
2. Identifying the key components of a job description
3. Writing clear and concise job descriptions
4. Developing a targeted recruitment strategy

Section 1: Understanding the Purpose of Job Descriptions

The purpose of a job description is to provide a clear and accurate picture of the responsibilities, qualifications, and expectations for a volunteer position. A well-written job description can help attract qualified candidates and reduce misunderstandings about the role.

Section 2: Identifying the Key Components of a Job Description

A good job description should include the following key components:

1. Job title: A clear and descriptive title that accurately reflects the role.
2. Job summary: A brief overview of the position's responsibilities and objectives.
3. Duties and responsibilities: A detailed list of the tasks and activities the volunteer will be expected to perform.
4. Qualifications: The knowledge, skills, and abilities required for the position.
5. Working conditions: A description of the work environment, including any physical demands or hazards associated with the role.
6. Supervisor: The name and contact information of the supervisor who will oversee the volunteer.

Section 3: Writing Clear and Concise Job Descriptions

When writing a job description, follow these tips to make it clear and concise:

1. Use simple language: Avoid technical jargon or complex sentences that may confuse readers.
2. Be specific: Provide detailed information about the duties and responsibilities of the position.
3. Be honest: Highlight any potential challenges or drawbacks of the role, such as long hours or difficult working conditions.
4. Be consistent: Use consistent grammar, punctuation, and formatting throughout the document.

Section 4: Developing a Targeted Recruitment Strategy

Once you have written a clear and concise job description, you need to develop a targeted recruitment strategy to attract qualified candidates. Here are some tips:

1. Identify your audience: Determine who your ideal candidate might be and where they are likely to look for volunteer opportunities.
2. Use multiple channels: Advertise your volunteer opportunities on multiple platforms, such as social media, local newspapers, and volunteer websites.
3. Highlight the benefits: Emphasize the positive aspects of the role, such as opportunities for learning, community involvement, or personal growth.
4. Set clear expectations: Make sure your job description accurately reflects the role and its requirements.

Conclusion:

By following the tips in this lesson, you can write clear and concise job descriptions that attract qualified candidates and reduce misunderstandings about the role. Remember to identify your audience, use multiple channels to advertise your opportunities, highlight the benefits of the role, and set clear expectations. With a targeted recruitment strategy and effective job descriptions, you can build a strong volunteer base that supports your organization's mission and goals.

Glossary:
- Job description: A written statement that describes the duties, responsibilities, and qualifications for a volunteer position.
- Job summary: A brief overview of the position's responsibilities and objectives.
- Duties and responsibilities: Tasks and activities the volunteer will be expected to perform.
- Qualifications: Knowledge, skills, and abilities required for the position.
- Working conditions: The work environment, including any physical demands or hazards associated with the role.
- Supervisor: The name and contact information of the supervisor who will oversee the volunteer.


text: The Clean Elections Commission runs a public-financing system for candidates and enforces financial-reporting rules for election spending in Arizona.. Source: Arizona Prop. 306: Voters undecided on clean elections measure. “Clean Elections is our watchdog, and (Prop. 306) is the establishment’s attempt to defang it,” they wrote. “How? By giving an obscure board of political insiders hand-picked by the governor the power to overrule the watchdog.”. I am a Clean Elections candidate voting #NoOn306 to keep Arizona’s Clean Elections Commission independent from political control. Clean Elections is one of our states best safeguards against Dirty Money.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Public Financing and Campaign Spending in Arizona

Introduction:
Public financing of campaigns is a system in which candidates receive funds from the government to run their campaigns. This system is designed to reduce the influence of money in politics and to ensure that all candidates have an equal opportunity to compete. In Arizona, the Clean Elections Commission oversees this system and enforces financial-reporting rules for election spending.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is the importance of understanding public financing and campaign spending in Arizona. This knowledge is essential for anyone who wants to participate in the democratic process and make informed decisions at the ballot box.

Section 1: Public Financing in Arizona
Topic 1: The Clean Elections Commission
- Definition: A state agency that runs a public-financing system for candidates and enforces financial-reporting rules for election spending in Arizona.
- Purpose: To reduce the influence of money in politics and ensure that all candidates have an equal opportunity to compete.
- Example: In the 2018 election cycle, the Clean Elections Commission provided $3.5 million in public funds to 79 candidates who agreed to abide by spending limits.

Topic 2: How Public Financing Works
- Definition: A system in which candidates receive funds from the government to run their campaigns.
- Purpose: To reduce the influence of money in politics and ensure that all candidates have an equal opportunity to compete.
- Example: In Arizona, candidates who qualify for public funds can receive up to $21,467 for a legislative race or $31,542 for a statewide race.

Topic 3: The Importance of Public Financing
- Definition: The importance of public financing in reducing the influence of money in politics and ensuring that all candidates have an equal opportunity to compete.
- Purpose: To provide a level playing field for candidates and prevent wealthy donors from buying elections.
- Example: In Arizona, the Clean Elections Commission has successfully helped elect candidates who would not have been able to compete without public funds.

Section 2: Campaign Spending in Arizona
Topic 1: Financial-Reporting Rules
- Definition: Rules that candidates must follow when reporting their campaign spending.
- Purpose: To ensure transparency and accountability in the campaign finance process.
- Example: Candidates must file reports with the Clean Elections Commission detailing their contributions and expenditures.

Topic 2: Independent Expenditures
- Definition: Expenditures made by individuals or groups that are not directly associated with a candidate's campaign.
- Purpose: To influence the outcome of an election.
- Example: In Arizona, independent expenditures are subject to certain restrictions, such as a ban on coordinating with candidates.

Topic 3: Voting #NoOn306 to Keep Arizona’s Clean Elections Commission Independent
- Definition: A ballot measure that would give an obscure board of political insiders hand-picked by the governor the power to overrule the Clean Elections Commission.
- Purpose: To protect the independence of the Clean Elections Commission and prevent political interference in the campaign finance process.
- Example: By voting #NoOn306, Arizonans can help preserve the integrity of the Clean Elections system and ensure that all candidates have an equal opportunity to compete.

Section 3: Practice Questions
1. What is the purpose of the Clean Elections Commission in Arizona?
a. To provide public funds to candidates who agree to spending limits
b. To enforce financial-reporting rules for election spending
c. To regulate campaign advertising
d. To endorse candidates
Answer: b. To enforce financial-reporting rules for election spending

2. How does the public-financing system work in Arizona?
a. Candidates receive funds from the government based on a formula that takes into account the number of registered voters in their district and the amount of money they raise from small donors.
b. Candidates receive funds from the government regardless of how much money they raise from small donors.
c. Candidates receive funds from the government only if they agree to abide by spending limits.
d. None of the above.
Answer: c. Candidates receive funds from the government only if they agree to abide by spending limits.

3. What is the importance of public financing in reducing the influence of money in politics?
a. It provides a level playing field for candidates and prevents wealthy donors from buying elections.
b. It ensures that all candidates have an equal opportunity to compete.
c. It reduces the amount of money spent on campaigns.
d. None of the above.
Answer: a. It provides a level playing field for candidates and prevents wealthy donors from buying elections.

Conclusion:
Understanding public financing and campaign spending in Arizona is essential for anyone who wants to participate in the democratic process and make informed decisions at the ballot box. By studying this topic, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the importance of campaign finance reform and the role that the Clean Elections Commission plays in ensuring a level playing field for all candidates.

Glossary:
- Public financing: A system in which candidates receive funds from the government to run their campaigns.
- Clean Elections Commission: A state agency that runs a public-financing system for candidates and enforces financial-reporting rules for election spending in Arizona.
- Financial-reporting rules: Rules that candidates must follow when reporting their campaign spending.
- Independent expenditures: Expenditures made by individuals or groups that are not directly associated with a candidate's campaign.
- Voting #NoOn306: Opposing a ballot measure that would give an obscure board of political insiders hand-picked by the governor the power to overrule the Clean Elections Commission.


text: This class starts at 6 p.m. every Monday and meets in the library in the non-fiction section. This is for experienced knitters and for beginners. If you're a beginner, don't worry about bringing anything, we'll supply you with needles and yarn... Family storytime will be held on Monday nights starting at 7 p.m. in the Children's Library. This storytime is for families with children of different ages and for working families.

textbook:
Lesson: Time Management for Students

Introduction:
In today's fast-paced world, time management is an essential skill that students must learn to succeed in their academic and personal lives. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of time management, its benefits, and strategies to help students manage their time effectively.

Section 1: Importance of Time Management

Topic 1: Benefits of Time Management
- Time management helps students achieve their goals
- Time management reduces stress and increases productivity
- Time management improves academic performance

Topic 2: Consequences of Poor Time Management
- Poor time management leads to procrastination
- Poor time management causes stress and anxiety
- Poor time management results in poor academic performance

Section 2: Strategies for Effective Time Management

Topic 1: Prioritize Tasks
- Identify the most important tasks
- Complete the most important tasks first
- Use a planner or calendar to schedule tasks

Topic 2: Avoid Distractions
- Turn off electronic devices
- Find a quiet study space
- Avoid social media and other distractions

Topic 3: Take Breaks
- Take short breaks throughout the day
- Take longer breaks when needed
- Use break time to recharge and refresh

Section 3: Practical Examples

Example 1: Studying for a test
- Prioritize tasks by creating a study schedule
- Avoid distractions by finding a quiet study space
- Take breaks to avoid burnout

Example 2: Completing a group project
- Prioritize tasks by assigning roles and responsibilities
- Avoid distractions by finding a quiet workspace
- Take breaks to prevent conflicts and maintain productivity

Conclusion:
Time management is a crucial skill that students must learn to succeed in their academic and personal lives. By prioritizing tasks, avoiding distractions, and taking breaks, students can improve their time management skills and achieve their goals. Remember to apply these strategies to new problems and challenges as they arise.

Glossary:
- Time management: The process of planning and controlling how much time to spend on specific activities
- Procrastination: The act of delaying or postponing something
- Academic performance: A student's achievements in their studies


text: Last night was the last Tiger Cubs function for the year – a pack meeting where they got their Tiger Cub badge and awards for completing chapters 4 & 5 in the Tiger Cub book. Eric, Josh, Mitchell and Janaru acted like they just won an Olympic Marathon – they were dancing around with their arms in the air. It was cute.. They remembered the past two meetings and told the pack leader about their nature hike (beaver chew, a white pineapple tree – no wait make that a white pine tree, minnows and skunk cabbage) and getting their picture in the newspaper.. We may attend the June 6 picnic weather permitting.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Tiger Cub Scouts

## Section 1: What are Tiger Cub Scouts?
Tiger Cub Scouts is a program for young boys who are in first grade or are seven years old. The program is designed to introduce boys to scouting and help them develop character, citizenship, and personal fitness.

## Section 2: What do Tiger Cub Scouts do?
Tiger Cub Scouts participate in a variety of activities that are designed to help them learn new skills and have fun. Some of the activities that Tiger Cub Scouts do include hiking, camping, building models, and learning about nature.

## Section 3: Why do Tiger Cub Scouts do these activities?
The activities that Tiger Cub Scouts do are designed to help them develop skills that will help them become good citizens and strong individuals. For example, hiking and camping help boys learn about the outdoors and how to be safe while exploring nature. Building models helps boys learn about problem-solving and following instructions. And learning about nature helps boys appreciate the world around them and understand how to take care of it.

## Glossary:
- Tiger Cub Scouts: A program for young boys who are in first grade or are seven years old.
- Activities: Fun and educational tasks that Tiger Cub Scouts do to develop skills.
- Citizenship: The quality of being a responsible and contributing member of society.
- Personal fitness: The ability to maintain physical health and well-being.
- Nature: The natural world and all living things within it.

## Conclusion:
Tiger Cub Scouts is a great program for young boys who want to learn new skills and have fun while doing so. By participating in activities such as hiking, camping, building models, and learning about nature, Tiger Cub Scouts can develop important skills that will help them become good citizens and strong individuals.


text: Under 19 international squad. Spain have called up 18. players for the European qualifying tournament which takes place in and around. Madrid next week. Spain's opponents will be France, Portugal and Israel.. (05.04.05). The full squad is as. follows:. Goalkeepers: Roberto. (Atlético Madrid), Casilla (Real Madrid); Defenders:. Rubén, Sergio and Torrejón (Espanyol), Nacho (Osasuna),. Barragán and Pablo Gallardo (Sevilla); Midfielders: Mario. (Atlético Madrid), David Silva (Eibar), Miguel and Sisi. (Hércules), Carmona (Mallorca), Markel (Real Sociedad); Forwards:. David Rodríguez (Atlético Madrid), Raúl García. (Osasuna), Javi García and Jurado (Real Madrid).

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read a Soccer News Article

Introduction: In this lesson, we will learn how to read a soccer news article. We will cover the following sections:

I. Reading Comprehension
II. Understanding Key Concepts
III. Applying Skills to New Problems

I. Reading Comprehension

A. What is the topic of the article?
The topic of the article is the Spanish Under-19 national team's squad for an upcoming European qualifying tournament.

B. Who is the intended audience?
The intended audience is likely soccer fans who are interested in the Spanish national team and its youth prospects.

C. What is the main idea of the article?
The main idea of the article is that Spain has called up 18 players for an upcoming European qualifying tournament, which will feature France, Portugal, and Israel as opponents.

D. What are the supporting details?
The supporting details include the names of the goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and forwards on the Spanish Under-19 squad.

E. What is the structure of the article?
The article appears to follow a standard news format, with a brief introduction followed by a list of players on the squad.

II. Understanding Key Concepts

A. What is a European qualifying tournament?
A European qualifying tournament is a competition in which teams compete to advance to the final stage of a European soccer championship.

B. What is the significance of the tournament for Spain?
The tournament is significant because it provides an opportunity for Spain's Under-19 team to showcase their talents and compete against strong opposition.

C. What is the role of each position on the field?
Goalkeepers are responsible for preventing goals by catching or blocking shots on goal. Defenders are responsible for protecting the goal and preventing opposing teams from scoring. Midfielders are responsible for controlling the flow of the game and distributing the ball to forwards. Forwards are responsible for scoring goals by shooting the ball into the net.

III. Applying Skills to New Problems

A. How can you use the skills learned from this lesson to read other soccer news articles?
By understanding the structure of a soccer news article and the key concepts involved, you can apply these skills to read and comprehend other soccer news articles.

B. How can you use the skills learned from this lesson to understand other sports news articles?
The skills learned in this lesson can be applied to other sports news articles by understanding the structure of the article and the key concepts involved.

Conclusion: By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can improve your ability to read and comprehend soccer news articles. By applying these skills to new problems, you can become a more informed and knowledgeable soccer fan.


text: Chris Hughes: Disruptive innovation in media and communication (Long). Chris Hughes has influenced some of the most innovative disruptions in the last decade – including co-founding Facebook, leading the first Obama campaign’s social media strategy, and now re-examining the role of journalism with The New Republic. Discover more about disruptive innovation in media and communication from Hughes.

textbook:
Lesson: Disruptive Innovation in Media and Communication

**Introduction**

Disruptive innovation is a term used to describe a new product or service that creates a new market and disrupts an existing one. In the field of media and communication, disruptive innovation has had a significant impact on the way we consume and share information. This lesson will explore the concept of disruptive innovation in media and communication, its history, and its potential future.

**Section 1: What is Disruptive Innovation?**

Disruptive innovation is a term that was first coined by Clayton Christensen, a professor at Harvard Business School. He defined it as a process by which a product or service displaces an established market leader or creates a new market. Disruptive innovation is often characterized by its ability to change the status quo and create new opportunities for growth.

**Section 2: History of Disruptive Innovation in Media and Communication**

One of the earliest examples of disruptive innovation in media and communication was the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in 1440. Before this, books were hand-written and only available to the wealthy and powerful. The printing press made it possible to produce books quickly and cheaply, making them accessible to a wider audience. This led to an explosion of knowledge and ideas, which ultimately led to the Enlightenment and the American Revolution.

Another example of disruptive innovation in media and communication was the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. Before this, communication over long distances was slow and expensive. The telephone revolutionized the way people communicated, making it possible to speak to someone on the other side of the world in real-time. This led to the development of global communication networks and the rise of multinational corporations.

**Section 3: Disruptive Innovation in Media and Communication Today**

Today, disruptive innovation in media and communication is happening at an unprecedented pace. Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have disrupted traditional forms of media such as newspapers, magazines, and television. These platforms allow people to share information and opinions instantly with a global audience.

Another example of disruptive innovation in media and communication is the rise of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. These devices have changed the way people consume media, making it possible to access information anywhere, anytime. This has led to the development of new forms of media such as mobile advertising and mobile journalism.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

Disruptive innovation in media and communication has had a significant impact on the way we consume and share information. It has created new opportunities for growth and change, while also disrupting established industries. By understanding the principles of disruptive innovation, we can better anticipate and adapt to the changes that are happening around us.


text: The Web Adventure Park, Wigginton Road, York. YO32 2RH.. 01904 692221. Open Sunday to Thursday 9.30-7pm, Friday & Saturday 9.30-8pm. Term time Mon-Fri: Babies £1, 1-3 years £4.25, 4+ years £5.25, Adults £1. Weekends: Babies £1, 1-3 years £5.25, 4+ years £6.25, Adults £1.50. Inside – Huge soft play including football area and miniature houses to explore.. Outside – large outdoor playground, including sandpit and water, plus animals to see

textbook:
**Title:** Introduction to Web Adventure Park

**Objective:** In this lesson, we will learn about the Web Adventure Park, its features, and the costs associated with visiting. We will also practice calculating the cost of admission for different age groups and times of the week.

**Section 1: Introduction**

Web Adventure Park is an indoor playground located in York, England. It offers a variety of activities for children of all ages, including a soft play area, outdoor playground, and animals to see. In this lesson, we will explore the different features of the park and learn how to calculate the cost of admission for different age groups and times of the week.

**Section 2: Features of Web Adventure Park**

Web Adventure Park has several features that make it a fun and exciting place for children to visit. These include:

- Soft Play Area: This is a large indoor playground filled with soft materials like foam and air pillows. It is designed to be safe for children of all ages to play on.
- Outdoor Playground: This is a large outdoor area with a variety of play equipment, including a sandpit and water feature.
- Animals: Web Adventure Park has several animals for visitors to see, including goats, sheep, and chickens.

**Section 3: Cost of Admission**

The cost of admission to Web Adventure Park varies depending on the age of the child and the time of the week. The following table shows the different admission prices:

| Age Group | Monday-Friday | Weekend |
|------------|---------------|----------|
| Babies (0-12 months) | £1 | £1 |
| 1-3 years old | £4.25 | £5.25 |
| 4+ years old | £5.25 | £6.25 |
| Adults | £1 | £1.50 |

**Section 4: Practice Calculations**

Let's practice calculating the cost of admission for different age groups and times of the week:

1. How much does it cost for a baby (0-12 months) to visit on a Friday?
- The cost is the same for all days of the week for babies, so it costs £1.

2. How much does it cost for a 4-year-old child to visit on a weekend?
- For a 4-year-old child on a weekend, the cost is £6.25.

3. How much does it cost for an adult to visit on a Monday?
- For an adult on a Monday, the cost is £1.

**Glossary:**
- Admission: The act of allowing someone to enter a place or event.
- Indoor: Occurring or situated within a building or structure.
- Outdoor: Occurring or situated outside of a building or structure.
- Playground: A place designed for children to play.

**Conclusion:**

In this lesson, we learned about the Web Adventure Park, its features, and the costs associated with visiting. We practiced calculating the cost of admission for different age groups and times of the week. By understanding these concepts, we can make informed decisions about when and how to visit the park.


text:
Q:

Android Vector Asset Studio gives extra padding to some vector images

I'm trying to import some icons from Material Vector package in Vector Asset Studio.
But they come with padding.

Why does this happen and how can I remove it?
This is inconvenient because this means if I want my icon to be 17dp x 17dp in XML, then I need to set it more than 17x17 to make up for the padding.

A:

You are able to scale a vector that will remove additional space. This is possible using group tag. Just modify your vector xml file.
From
<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:width="24dp"
    android:height="24dp"
    android:viewportHeight="24.0"
    android:viewportWidth="24.0">

    <path
        android:fillColor="#FF000000"
        android:pathData="M12,4l-1.41,1.41L16.17,11H4v2h12.17l-5.58,5.59L12,20l8,-8z" />
</vector>

to
<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:width="24dp"
    android:height="24dp"
    android:viewportHeight="24.0"
    android:viewportWidth="24.0">

    <group
        android:pivotX="12"
        android:pivotY="12"
        android:scaleX="1.5"
        android:scaleY="1.5">

        <path
            android:fillColor="#FF000000"
            android:pathData="M12,4l-1.41,1.41L16.17,11H4v2h12.17l-5.58,5.59L12,20l8,-8z" />
    </group>
</vector>

As result

A:

You can adjust for any "implicit" padding that may be contained within a VectorDrawables source image (.SVG, .PSD) by setting your ImageViews android:scaleType to the appropriate value so it can handle the padding that is secretly contained in the VectorDrawables source image. You will also need to set android:adjustViewBounds="true".
For example, lets say your VectorDrawable has some really annoying padding at the start of the image when you display it. You have no idea why it's there because you aren't setting any android:paddingStart on the ImageView... what you need to do is set the ImageViews android:scaleType to fitStart and android:adjustViewBounds to true.
tl;dr
Adjust your ImageViews android:scaleType to handle any "implicit" padding that is contained in your VectorDrawables source file (.SVG, .PSD). Also set android:adjustViewBounds="true".
Quick Example:
<ImageView android:id="@+id/vectorDrawable_imageView"
           <!--Other ImageView settings-->
           android:adjustViewBounds="true"
           android:scaleType="fitStart"
           app:srcCompat="@drawable/vector_with_implicit_padding_at_start"
/>

This will remove that annoying "implicit" padding that was at the start of your VectorDrawable.
Note: Adjust the android:scaleType according to your rendering needs.

A:

This padding is on some icons so that all of the icons can align properly. For example, if in that dialog, you pick ic_3d_rotation_24dp, you'll see the icon goes all the way to the edge of the bounds.
PS if you aim to have all your sizes be a multiple of 8dp, things will line up nicely and look great.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Padding in Vector Assets

**Introduction**

In Android development, vector assets are used to store vector graphics such as icons and illustrations. These assets can be scaled without losing their quality, which makes them ideal for user interfaces. However, sometimes, when importing vectors from packages such as Material Vector, extra padding is added to the image. This can be inconvenient as it may require adjustments to the dimensions in XML files. In this lesson, we will learn why this happens, how to remove the padding, and how to prevent it from happening in the future.

**Section 1: Why does extra padding occur in vector assets?**

When you import a vector image from a package such as Material Vector, it may come with extra padding. This padding is added to ensure that the image maintains its quality when scaled. The padding acts as a buffer zone that prevents the image from being stretched or distorted when scaled.

**Section 2: How can I remove the extra padding?**

To remove the extra padding, you can scale the vector image using the group tag. This tag allows you to specify the pivot point and scale of the image. By setting the pivot point to the center of the image and scaling it by 1.5, you can remove the extra padding. Here's an example:

```xml
<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:width="24dp"
    android:height="24dp"
    android:viewportHeight="24.0"
    android:viewportWidth="24.0">

    <group
        android:pivotX="12"
        android:pivotY="12"
        android:scaleX="1.5"
        android:scaleY="1.5">

        <path
            android:fillColor="#FF000000"
            android:pathData="M12,4l-1.41,1.41L16.17,11H4v2h12.17l-5.58,5.59L12,20l8,-8z" />
    </group>
</vector>
```

By adding the group tag and specifying the pivot point and scale, the extra padding will be removed, and the image will be scaled evenly.

**Section 3: How can I prevent extra padding from occurring in the future?**

To prevent extra padding from occurring in the future, you can create your own vector assets using a vector graphics editor such as Adobe Illustrator or Sketch. This way, you have complete control over the dimensions and padding of the image. Additionally, you can export the vector image in different formats such as SVG or AI to ensure that it retains its quality when imported into Android Studio.

**Conclusion**

In this lesson, we learned about the extra padding that occurs in vector assets and how to remove it using the group tag. We also learned how to prevent extra padding from occurring in the future by creating our own vector assets. By understanding these concepts, we can create high-quality user interfaces that scale seamlessly.


text: HARD POOR DEAD. 2008. Hard Poor Dead was presented over three-days as part of Proximity Effect at Plymouth Arts Center. Curated by Mark Greenwood these three durational performances inhabited spaces that had been previously performed in. The gallery space therefore presented a site of previous activity and required me to install my own objects within and around objects of the last performer. This experience directly influenced my interest in install-action (a term coined by the artist Brian Connelly) and facilitated my first performances of extended-duration.

textbook:
## Lesson: Introduction to Performance Art
### Section 1: What is Performance Art?
Performance art is a type of art that involves live actions, usually performed in front of an audience. It can take many forms, including dance, theater, music, and even everyday activities.
### Section 2: Why is Performance Art Important?
Performance art is important because it allows artists to express themselves in a unique way that cannot be achieved through other types of art. It also allows audiences to experience art in a more immersive and interactive way.
### Section 3: How does Performance Art relate to other types of art?
Performance art is related to other types of art, such as visual art, music, and theater. It often incorporates elements from these disciplines into its performances.
### Section 4: What are some common themes in Performance Art?
Common themes in performance art include identity, politics, gender, and social issues.
### Section 5: How can I learn more about Performance Art?
To learn more about performance art, you can read books, watch videos, attend performances, and even participate in workshops or classes.
## Conclusion:
Performance art is a unique and important form of art that allows artists to express themselves in a way that is both creative and engaging. By understanding the basics of performance art, you can appreciate and understand this type of art better.


text:
Problems associated with the treatment of instability of the spine and the occipito-vertebral junction in rheumatoid arthritis.
This article discusses the clinical problems caused by the changes in the cervical spine accompanying rheumatoid arthritis.
 The most commonly encountered pathology of the spine in the course of rheumatoid arthritis is C1-C2 instability, which can only be treated surgically. The development of new surgical techniques and operation methods has made it possible to obtain good outcomes. The clinical material described here includes 16 patients operated using new methods. The observation of these patients allows for the following conclusions:
 - Fixation should involve only the C1-C3 segment, and is best accomplished by frame stabilization;
 - The fixation method of choice is to achieve stability by using implants;
 - The disease process of rheumatoid arthritis is progressive, which is changes in the cervical spine may serve as indicators of the further progress of changes, both at the point of surgery and in other parts of the cervical spine.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Rheumatoid Arthritis and its Effect on the Spine
#### Section 1: Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the joints, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. It can also affect other parts of the body, including the spine.
#### Section 2: Effects of Rheumatoid Arthritis on the Spine
RA can cause changes in the cervical spine, leading to instability and other problems. These changes can occur in the C1-C2 joint, which connects the first two vertebrae in the neck. This instability can cause pain, weakness, and other symptoms.
#### Section 3: Treatment Options for Cervical Spine Instability in RA
Treatment options for cervical spine instability in RA include surgery and non-surgical methods. Surgery may involve fusion of the affected vertebrae or the use of implants to stabilize the spine. Non-surgical methods may include medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes.
#### Section 4: Case Study: Patients with Cervical Spine Instability Treated with New Surgical Techniques
A study of 16 patients with cervical spine instability due to RA was conducted. All patients underwent surgery using new techniques, including frame stabilization and the use of implants. The results were positive, with most patients experiencing reduced pain and improved function.
#### Section 5: Conclusion
Understanding the effects of RA on the spine and the available treatment options is crucial for managing this condition effectively. As with any medical condition, early diagnosis and intervention are essential for the best possible outcomes. By working closely with healthcare providers, individuals with RA can develop a treatment plan that addresses their specific needs and helps them maintain a high quality of life.
#### Glossary
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): An autoimmune disorder that causes pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints.
- Cervical spine: The neck region of the spine, consisting of seven vertebrae.
- C1-C2 joint: The joint between the first two vertebrae in the neck.
- Instability: A condition in which the spine is not stable and may shift or move abnormally.
- Implants: Devices used to stabilize the spine during surgery.
- Frame stabilization: A technique used to stabilize the spine by attaching metal frames to the vertebrae.
- Autoimmune disorder: A condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.


text:
About 10 years ago I had a conversation with a civil servant about Britain’s chemical decontamination units. He was in charge of calculating where in the country the government should keep them. These giant trucks had specialist equipment that could respond quickly if there was an anthrax attack or similar on our shores. But at the time there was only a small number of them, so they needed careful positioning to ensure they could reach as much of the country as quickly as possible in an emergency.

It’s a decision that boils down to maths. It’s not an easy thing to work out either. It was a problem that I, as a mathematician, imagined had a number of top minds working to solve. Picture my astonishment, then, when I discovered that rather than some beautifully crafted numerical model, or some sophisticated custom-built software, the British government had left a question of such magnitude to one poor guy, working it out on his own. He was using an Excel spreadsheet. And we were having the conversation because his spreadsheet kept crashing.

In the 2010s we learned not to charge ahead without considering the ethics of forcing equations on human systems

I like to think that they’ve found a better solution to that problem in the time that has passed since. The truth is, I don’t know. But I do know this: some political problems would greatly benefit from the help of maths. That’s why, in his advertisement calling for young mathematicians and “assorted weirdos” to work at the heart of the government, No 10 strategy chief Dominic Cummings has a point. As he says, there really are some “profound problems at the core of how the British state makes decisions”.

Cummings insists the government doesn’t need “more drivel […] from humanities graduates” but rather young, eager data scientists, economists and physicists who understand the big ideas behind optimisation and prediction calculations.

There is some truth to this – there are a host of government questions that could benefit from a more mathematical take. In everything from bin collection timetables to Brexit policy, I’d love to see more decisions made on the basis of evidence over instinct. The big-data revolution has transformed the private sector, and I wholeheartedly believe it has the potential to profoundly benefit broader society too.

But (and there is a but) recognising the power of maths to transform the world is, in many ways, the easy bit; far harder is recognising its limits. In the past decade it has become clear that you can neatly split those who apply equations to human behaviour into two groups: those who think numbers and data ultimately hold the answer to everything, and those who have the humility to realise they don’t.

The 2010s were littered with examples from the first camp. There were those who claimed that, with enough data, you can predict at birth who will go on to become criminals (you can’t); those who said they could mathematically predict precisely where and when terror incidents will next occur (you can’t). Others claimed you could predict exactly which words to change in a Hollywood script to make it more profitable at the box office (nope); and, more recently, scientists have tried to predict the true pain levels of a patient based on their facial expressions (again, nope).

It was also the decade in which we learned the lessons of charging ahead without first carefully thinking about the ethics of forcing equations on to human systems. There were the stories about racist algorithms in the criminal justice system, and sexist algorithms designed to filter job applications. YouTube was accused of unwittingly radicalising some of its viewers. Indeed, some would argue that the world is still reeling from the consequences of mathematical equations gone awry, both during the time leading up to the 2008 financial crash and Facebook failing to consider the consequences of its newsfeed algorithms. I’ve even been guilty of it myself.

And herein lies my concern. People are not planets or solar systems; there isn’t some secret underlying equation that, if we can only find it, holds the solution to all our problems. The real world is messy, full of uncertainty and impossible to predict. Applying maths to the real world requires much more than mathematicians. It requires people who understand human society and culture – people, in short, who actually understand people.

It seems that Cummings is trying to reinvent the technocracy. But many of his ideas of how to do it seem to come from the era between 2004 and 2014 – a time of “move fast and break things” rather than the careful, strategic avoidance of unintended consequences that the world has moved on to since.

So, sure, bring on the mathematical geniuses, and make government more agile. Yet I can’t help but think that Cummings could probably do with spending a bit more time listening to the “drivel” of a few humanities graduates.

• Hannah Fry is an associate professor in the mathematics of cities at University College London

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Spreadsheet Software

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of spreadsheet software and its applications in solving mathematical problems.

**Overview:** Spreadsheet software is a powerful tool used to organize, analyze, and manipulate data. In this lesson, students will learn about the basic features of spreadsheet software, including cells, rows, columns, formulas, and functions. They will also learn how to use these features to solve mathematical problems.

**Section 1: Introduction to Spreadsheet Software**

- What is spreadsheet software?
- What are the basic features of spreadsheet software?
- How can spreadsheet software be used to solve mathematical problems?

**Section 2: Cells, Rows, and Columns**

- What are cells in spreadsheet software?
- What are rows and columns in spreadsheet software?
- How many cells are there in a spreadsheet?
- How do you refer to a cell in a spreadsheet?

**Section 3: Formulas and Functions**

- What is a formula in spreadsheet software?
- What are the different types of formulas in spreadsheet software?
- What are functions in spreadsheet software?
- How do you use functions in spreadsheet software?

**Section 4: Practical Examples**

- How can you use spreadsheet software to calculate the area of a room?
- How can you use spreadsheet software to calculate the monthly payment on a loan?
- How can you use spreadsheet software to calculate the total cost of a project?

**Conclusion:** Spreadsheet software is a versatile tool that can be used to solve a wide range of mathematical problems. By understanding the basic features of spreadsheet software and how to use them, students can become proficient in using this tool to solve real-world problems.

**Glossary:**
- Spreadsheet software: A computer program used to organize, analyze, and manipulate data in the form of rows and columns.
- Cell: The basic unit of a spreadsheet, which contains a value or formula.
- Row: A horizontal line of cells in a spreadsheet.
- Column: A vertical line of cells in a spreadsheet.
- Formula: A mathematical expression that calculates a value based on the values in other cells.
- Function: A predefined formula that performs a specific mathematical operation.
- Value: A numeric or textual input in a cell.
- Reference: A cell address that specifies the location of a cell in a spreadsheet.
- Range: A group of adjacent cells in a spreadsheet.


text: Mason, Richard and Burdick, Joel W.. (2000). Experiments in carangiform robotic fish locomotion.. In:. 2000 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.. IEEE. , Piscataway, NJ, pp. 428-435.. ISBN 0-7803-5886-4.. Use this Persistent URL to link to this item:. This paper studies a form of robotic fish movement that is analogous to the carangiform style of swimming seen in nature. We propose a simple quasi-steady fluid flow model for predicting the thrust generated by the flapping tail. We then describe an experimental system, consisting of a three-link robot, that has been constructed in order to study carangiform-like swimming. Experimental results obtained with this system suggest that the simplified propulsion model is reasonably accurate. The input parameters that realize optimum thrust are experimentally determined. Finally, we consider some issues in maneuvering.. Repository Staff Only: item control page

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Robotics and Automation

### Overview
In this lesson, we will explore the basics of robotics and automation, including their definitions, applications, and benefits. We will also delve into the history of robotics and automation and examine some of the most common types of robots and automated systems. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of the fundamentals of robotics and automation and be able to apply this knowledge to real-world scenarios.

### Section 1: Defining Robotics and Automation

**Question:** What are robotics and automation?

**Answer:** Robotics and automation refer to the use of machines, computers, and other technologies to perform tasks that would otherwise require human intervention. Robotics involves the design, construction, and operation of robots, while automation involves the use of technology to control and monitor processes or systems.

**Question:** What are some common applications of robotics and automation?

**Answer:** Robotics and automation are used in a wide range of industries and applications, including manufacturing, healthcare, transportation, agriculture, and education. Some common applications include assembly line automation, robotic surgery, autonomous vehicles, and remote sensing systems.

**Question:** What are the benefits of using robotics and automation?

**Answer:** There are several benefits to using robotics and automation, including increased efficiency, improved safety, reduced costs, and enhanced productivity. Robotics and automation can also help to reduce human error and improve the quality of products and services.

### Section 2: History of Robotics and Automation

**Question:** When did the concept of robotics and automation first emerge?

**Answer:** The concept of robotics and automation can be traced back to ancient times, with early examples including automatons and other mechanical devices. However, the modern era of robotics and automation began in the early 20th century, with the development of programmable machines and electronic controls.

**Question:** Who are some key figures in the history of robotics and automation?

**Answer:** Several notable figures have contributed to the field of robotics and automation, including inventor Nikola Tesla, computer scientist Alan Turing, and engineer George Devol. More recently, innovators such as Hiroshi Ishiguro and Rodney Brooks have made significant contributions to the field.

### Section 3: Types of Robots and Automated Systems

**Question:** What are some common types of robots and automated systems?

**Answer:** There are several types of robots and automated systems, including industrial robots, service robots, medical robots, and research robots. Some common examples include assembly line robots, collaborative robots, and autonomous vehicles.

**Question:** What are the differences between these types of robots and automated systems?

**Answer:** The differences between these types of robots and automated systems lie in their intended purposes, capabilities, and environments. Industrial robots, for example, are designed for use in manufacturing settings, while service robots are designed to interact with humans in various settings. Medical robots are used in healthcare settings, while research robots are designed for scientific exploration.

### Glossary
- Robotics: The study of robots and their design, construction, and operation
- Automation: The use of technology to control and monitor processes or systems
- Robot: A machine that can perform tasks that would otherwise require human intervention
- Automated system: A system that uses technology to control and monitor processes or systems
- Industrial robot: A robot designed for use in manufacturing settings
- Service robot: A robot designed to interact with humans in various settings
- Medical robot: A robot used in healthcare settings
- Research robot: A robot designed for scientific exploration

### Conclusion
In conclusion, this lesson has provided an introduction to the basics of robotics and automation, including their definitions, applications, and benefits. We have explored the history of robotics and automation and examined some of the most common types of robots and automated systems. By understanding the fundamentals of robotics and automation, we can apply this knowledge to real-world scenarios and continue to innovate and improve our world through the use of technology.


text: Bonded Nylon Thread is the go-to thread choice for makers that want strong stitching with a uniform and semi-glossy finish. These consistent threads come in a wide array of colors from bold basics to classic neutrals to soft pastels. We offer five major size categories. Be sure to read about these thread and their best needle matches below!. All Weights. Browse all of our bonded nylon thread weights and colors!. View all thread. #69 Thread. This lightweight #69 bonded nylon thread works well with size 18 and 20 Industrial Flat Bed Needles.. View all #69 thread. #138 thread. #138 thread works well with 21 & 23 Heavy Stitching Needles and 21, 22, & 23 Industrial Flat Bed Needles.. View all #138 thread. #207 thread. #207 thread works best with 24 Heavy Stitching Needles and 24 Industrial Flat Bed Needles.. View all #207 thread. #277 thread. #277 thread works well with 25 Heavy Stitching Needles.. View all #277 thread. #346 thread. #346 thread works well with 26 Heavy Stitching Needles.. View all #346 thread

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Bonded Nylon Thread

**Objective:** To introduce students to the properties, uses, and types of bonded nylon thread, and to provide them with the knowledge and skills needed to choose the appropriate thread for their sewing projects.

**Materials:** None

**Instructions:**

1. Start by asking students what they think "bonded nylon thread" might be. Write their responses on the board.

2. Explain that bonded nylon thread is a type of sewing thread made from nylon fibers that have been bonded together to create a strong, durable thread. It is commonly used for industrial sewing, upholstery, and other heavy-duty sewing applications.

3. Ask students if they can think of any reasons why someone might choose to use bonded nylon thread instead of another type of thread. Some possible reasons might include its strength, durability, and resistance to abrasion or fraying.

4. Provide students with an overview of the different types of bonded nylon thread available, including their weight (denoted by the number following "#"), and their best needle matches. For example, #69 thread works well with size 18 and 20 Industrial Flat Bed Needles, while #138 thread works well with 21 & 23 Heavy Stitching Needles and 21, 22, & 23 Industrial Flat Bed Needles.

5. Discuss the properties of bonded nylon thread, such as its strength, colorfastness, and resistance to mildew and rot. Emphasize that these properties make it an ideal choice for outdoor fabrics, upholstery, and other applications where durability is essential.

6. Ask students to brainstorm some potential uses for bonded nylon thread. Some possible uses might include sewing canvas tents, creating outdoor furniture cushions, or repairing automotive upholstery.

7. Conclude the lesson by asking students to consider the factors they would need to take into account when choosing a thread for their own sewing projects. These factors might include the weight and thickness of the fabric, the desired level of durability, and the intended use of the finished product.

**Glossary:**
- Bonded Nylon Thread: A type of sewing thread made from nylon fibers that have been bonded together to create a strong, durable thread.
- Denier: A unit of measurement used to describe the thickness of a thread or fabric. The higher the denier, the thicker the thread.
- Needle: A long, slender tool with a pointed tip and a hole for threading, used to sew or stitch materials together.
- Industrial Flat Bed Needle: A type of needle designed for use with industrial sewing machines, characterized by their flat, oval-shaped eye and sharp point.
- Heavy Stitching Needle: A type of needle designed for use with heavy-duty sewing applications, characterized by their larger eye and thicker shaft.

**Conclusion:**
In this lesson, we have introduced students to the properties, uses, and types of bonded nylon thread. By understanding the factors that contribute to its strength and durability, students are now equipped with the knowledge and skills needed to choose the appropriate thread for their sewing projects. As they continue to explore the world of sewing and textiles, they will undoubtedly encounter many more types of thread and fabric, each with its own unique properties and applications. By applying the critical thinking and problem-solving skills developed in this lesson, they will be well-prepared to tackle these challenges and create beautiful, long-lasting sewing projects.


text: Postcard from pancake-syrup from Japan. J was super excited to receive this card – she says that My Melody looks like Hello Kitty.. Postcard from alicestrange from the United Kingdom. Description: Find Wally (or Waldo if you’re Canadian) as well as four robots, four six-armed aliens and an alien with its arms folded. J loved searching for the list of items and she’s spent quite a bit of time studying all the other things going on in the picture. She really likes the Can You See What I See series of books, so it might be time to see if the library has any Where’s Waldo books for her.. Postcard from YuShane from China. Description: it really does say Musicians and Dancers! Maybe that’s the name of a series of postcards and not this individual ones???

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Geometry

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Geometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with points, lines, shapes, and space. It is used in many fields such as architecture, engineering, and physics. Geometry has been studied for thousands of years by people all over the world.

### Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's look at some examples of geometry in our daily lives.

1. Architecture - Architects use geometry to design buildings and other structures. They use principles of geometry such as symmetry and proportion to create beautiful and functional designs.

2. Engineering - Engineers use geometry to design and build machines, bridges, and other structures. They use calculations based on geometry to ensure that their designs are safe and effective.

3. Physics - Physicists use geometry to describe the behavior of matter and energy. For example, they use geometric shapes to represent particles and forces in the universe.

### Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

Let's explore some real-world scenarios where geometry plays a role.

1. Navigation - When we travel, we use geometry to find our way. Maps use geometric shapes to represent the earth's surface, and we use angles and distances to determine the best route to our destination.

2. Construction - Builders use geometry to lay out buildings and other structures. They use measurements and angles to make sure that walls and roofs are straight and level.

3. Art - Artists use geometry to create beautiful and interesting designs. They use shapes, patterns, and symmetry to create visually appealing compositions.

### Glossary
- Geometry: A branch of mathematics that deals with points, lines, shapes, and space.
- Symmetry: A balance between two sides of an object or shape.
- Proportion: A relationship between two quantities or sizes.
- Architect: A person who designs buildings and other structures.
- Engineer: A person who designs and builds machines, bridges, and other structures.
- Physicist: A person who studies the behavior of matter and energy.
- Navigation: The process of finding our way from one place to another.
- Map: A representation of the earth's surface showing physical features and boundaries.
- Construction: The process of building structures such as buildings and roads.
- Artist: A person who creates works of art such as paintings and sculptures.

### Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the branch of mathematics called geometry. We explored how geometry is used in architecture, engineering, and physics. We also looked at how geometry plays a role in navigation, construction, and art. By understanding the principles of geometry, we can apply them to new problems and challenges in our daily lives.


text: What Were Some Accomplishments of Augustus Caesar?. One major accomplishment of Augustus Caesar was that he restored and maintained peace in the city of Rome, also known as the Pax Romana. Prior to Augustus, Rome was a city plagued with civil disobedience, class wars and greed...

textbook:
Lesson: The Pax Romana - A Time of Peace and Prosperity

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the Pax Romana, a time of peace and prosperity in the Roman Empire under the rule of Augustus Caesar. We will explore what led to the establishment of the Pax Romana, its impact on Rome, and how it influenced the world around it.

Section 1: Background
The Roman Empire was a powerful force in the ancient world. However, before the reign of Augustus Caesar, the empire was plagued by civil disobedience, class wars, and greed. These conflicts made it difficult for the people of Rome to live in peace and harmony.

Section 2: Establishment of the Pax Romana
Augustus Caesar came to power in 27 BC and brought about significant changes to the Roman Empire. One of his major accomplishments was the establishment of the Pax Romana, a time of peace and stability that lasted for over 200 years. Augustus implemented policies that helped to reduce conflict and improve the lives of the Roman people.

Section 3: Impact of the Pax Romana
The Pax Romana had a significant impact on the Roman Empire and the world around it. During this time, Rome experienced unprecedented economic growth, cultural advancements, and territorial expansion. Trade flourished, arts and sciences thrived, and the empire grew stronger.

Section 4: Influence on the World
The Pax Romana also had an influence on the world outside of Rome. As Rome expanded its territory, it encountered new cultures and ideas. This exposure to new ways of thinking and living helped to shape the development of Western civilization.

Section 5: Conclusion
The establishment of the Pax Romana under Augustus Caesar was a turning point in Roman history. It brought about a time of peace and prosperity that allowed for significant cultural and economic growth. By studying the Pax Romana, we can gain a deeper understanding of the Roman Empire and its impact on the world.

Glossary:
- Pax Romana: A time of peace and stability in the Roman Empire during the reign of Augustus Caesar.
- Augustus Caesar: The first Roman emperor, who ruled from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.
- Roman Empire: A powerful force in the ancient world, spanning from Britain to the Middle East.
- Western civilization: The cultures, languages, and systems of government that originated in Western Europe.

Self-Debate:
What were some of the challenges that Augustus Caesar faced when establishing the Pax Romana? How did he overcome these challenges to create a time of peace and prosperity for the Roman people?


text: cooking. Of course!. Both take a lot of planning, plenty of intuition, loads of testing and just one mistake can really do a number on your desired outcome.. Good cooking comes from following an established recipe, great cooking comes from taking calculated deviations from the established norms.. And cooking is just like communications.. As an aside, if you try to deviate too much too soon, you’ll end up with either a failing campaign or a dog’s dinner.. Image from Flickr user Fahara.. Yes, but a key difference is that if you don’t want to cook, there’s no fast-food joint out there to do it for you, or at least with your communications health in mind! Great point, though!. you could say that if you don’t want to do it yourself there’s a whole industry out there to do it for you. YMMV depending on how much you want to pay for it though…. Ed-. So so creative!

textbook:
Lesson: Cooking and Communications - A Delicious Comparison

## Introduction

In this lesson, we will explore the similarities between cooking and communications. We will learn how both require planning, intuition, testing, and how one mistake can ruin the outcome. We will also discuss how taking calculated deviations from the established norms can lead to great cooking and how communications can benefit from the same approach.

## Section 1: Planning

Planning is essential in both cooking and communications. In cooking, a chef needs to plan the ingredients, order of preparation, and cooking time. Similarly, in communications, one must plan the message, target audience, and communication channels.

### Questions and Answers

Q: Why is planning important in cooking?
A: Planning is important in cooking because it helps ensure that all ingredients are available, the dish is prepared in the correct order, and the cooking time is optimized.

Q: Why is planning important in communications?
A: Planning is important in communications because it helps ensure that the message is clear, the target audience is identified, and the communication channels are effective.

## Section 2: Intuition

Intuition plays a crucial role in both cooking and communications. A chef relies on their intuition to know when a dish is cooked to perfection, while a communicator relies on their intuition to sense the mood of the audience and adjust their message accordingly.

### Questions and Answers

Q: How does intuition help a chef?
A: Intuition helps a chef to know when a dish is cooked to perfection by sensing the texture, color, and smell of the food.

Q: How does intuition help a communicator?
A: Intuition helps a communicator to sense the mood of the audience and adjust their message accordingly, making it more engaging and effective.

## Section 3: Testing

Testing is an essential part of both cooking and communications. In cooking, a chef tests a dish to ensure that it tastes good and is safe to eat. In communications, a person tests their message to ensure that it is clear, concise, and effective.

### Questions and Answers

Q: Why is testing important in cooking?
A: Testing is important in cooking because it ensures that the dish tastes good and is safe to eat.

Q: Why is testing important in communications?
A: Testing is important in communications because it ensures that the message is clear, concise, and effective.

## Section 4: Deviations

Taking calculated deviations from the established norms can lead to great cooking and communications. In cooking, a chef may add a unique twist to a traditional dish, while in communications, a person may use a creative approach to convey their message.

### Questions and Answers

Q: What is the difference between cooking and communications?
A: The main difference between cooking and communications is that in cooking, there is usually no alternative to doing it yourself, while in communications, there are professionals who can help you communicate effectively.

Q: How can taking calculated deviations lead to great cooking?
A: Taking calculated deviations can lead to great cooking by adding a unique twist to a traditional dish, making it more interesting and memorable.

Q: How can taking calculated deviations lead to great communications?
A: Taking calculated deviations can lead to great communications by using a creative approach to convey the message, making it more engaging and memorable.

## Conclusion

In conclusion, cooking and communications share many similarities, including planning, intuition, testing, and taking calculated deviations. By understanding these similarities, we can apply them to our daily lives, whether we are cooking a meal or communicating with others.


text: About Julia:. What hasn’t been done before? What would strike the right chord between innovative and widely received?. Thoughts like these keep Julia up at night, as she continues to expand her career as a fashion designer, writer, editor, and professor.. Starting in 2001 with her eponymous womenswear label Julia DiNardo, she later segued into t-shirt and handbag design followed by writing and later editing within the fashion industry, working with a variety of prestigious brands and publications such as GQ, Redbook, Liz Claiborne, and J.Crew. With a bachelor’s degree from New York University in fashion marketing and Italian, and a Masters from Columbia, Pittsburgh native Julia DiNardo is proud of her upbringing and brings back to the city her Pittsburgh-based Neighbor Teaze collection of witty and humorous tees. Julia can be found several nights a week on NYU’s campus where she continues to teach, pens as well as continues to freelance and consult for a variety of fashion magazines and websites.

textbook:
Lesson: Fashion Design and Writing Career
Introduction:
Fashion design and writing are two different fields that require creativity, innovation, and hard work. Julia DiNardo has successfully combined these two fields to create a unique career for herself. In this lesson, we will learn about her journey and the skills required to succeed in the fashion and writing industries.
Section 1: Fashion Design Career
Topic 1: Skills Required in Fashion Design
- Creativity: Fashion designers need to be creative and think outside the box to come up with unique designs that stand out.
- Knowledge of fabrics, patterns, and textiles: A good fashion designer should know how different fabrics feel, look, and drape, as well as how patterns and textiles can be used to create different effects.
- Knowledge of fashion trends: Fashion designers need to stay up-to-date with the latest trends in fashion so that they can create designs that are relevant and appealing to their target audience.
- Technical skills: Fashion designers need to have technical skills such as sewing, patternmaking, and draping to create their designs.
Topic 2: Julia's Journey in Fashion Design
- Starting with her eponymous womenswear label Julia DiNardo in 2001, Julia has since segued into t-shirt and handbag design, followed by writing and later editing within the fashion industry.
- She has worked with prestigious brands and publications such as GQ, Redbook, Liz Claiborne, and J.Crew.
- Julia's bachelor's degree from New York University in fashion marketing and Italian, and her Master's from Columbia, showcase her educational background in the field.
- As a Pittsburgh native, Julia brought back her upbringing with her Pittsburgh-based Neighbor Teaze collection of witty and humorous tees.
Section 2: Writing Career
Topic 1: Skills Required in Writing
- Good writing skills: Writers need to have excellent writing skills, including grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure.
- Knowledge of the subject matter: Writers need to have a deep understanding of the subject matter they are writing about to provide accurate and informative content.
- Research skills: Writers need to be able to conduct thorough research to gather information and support their arguments.
- Time management skills: Writing requires a lot of time and effort, so writers need to be able to manage their time effectively to meet deadlines.
Topic 2: Julia's Journey in Writing
- Julia started her writing career with her eponymous womenswear label Julia DiNardo, where she wrote and edited articles for various fashion magazines and publications.
- She has worked with prestigious brands and publications such as GQ, Redbook, Liz Claiborne, and J.Crew.
- Julia's educational background in fashion marketing and Italian from New York University and her Master's from Columbia showcase her knowledge in the field.
- As a writer and editor, Julia has contributed to various fashion magazines and publications, providing her expertise in the industry.
Conclusion:
Julia DiNardo's journey in fashion design and writing is an inspiration to those who want to pursue multiple careers in different fields. By combining her passion for fashion and writing, she has created a unique career for herself that showcases her creativity, innovation, and hard work. The skills required in fashion design and writing are similar, and by honing these skills, anyone can succeed in these fields. By applying the skills learned in this lesson, you too can create a unique career that combines your passions and skills.


text: .. In a widely read online essay, "The Amorality of Web 2.0," Carr slammed overeager Web 2.0 proponents as hyper-hyped.. Citing two particularly error-ridden entries on Bill Gates and Jane Fonda, Carr described Wikipedia's contents as "unreliable," "slipshod" and sometimes "appalling.". .. "Online, free media is one of the contributing factors to the shrinking circulation of good newspapers," he said. "Now, traditional media is shifting away from large investments in bureaus and hard reporting, and towards cheaper content and opinion-making. It's hard for me to imagine participatory media devoting investments to hard, investigative or overseas reporting. The healthiest scenario would be one in which both kinds of media thrive."

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding the Impact of Web 2.0 on Traditional Media

Introduction:
In today's digital age, the internet has revolutionized the way we access information. Web 2.0, a term used to describe the second generation of the World Wide Web, has transformed the internet into a platform where users can not only consume information but also create and share it. This lesson will explore the impact of Web 2.0 on traditional media, including print and broadcast journalism.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is to understand the impact of Web 2.0 on traditional media. We will analyze how the rise of user-generated content and participatory media has affected the way news and information are produced, consumed, and shared.

Section 1: The Rise of Web 2.0
Topic 1: What is Web 2.0?
- Definition: Web 2.0 refers to the second generation of the World Wide Web, characterized by the ability of users to create and share content.
- Examples: Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, blogging, wikis, podcasts, and more.

Topic 2: How has Web 2.0 changed traditional media?
- Users can now create and share content, challenging the traditional role of media outlets as gatekeepers of information.
- Traditional media outlets have had to adapt to the changing landscape, often incorporating social media and user-generated content into their coverage.
- The rise of participatory media has led to a democratization of information, with more voices being heard, but also a proliferation of misinformation.

Section 2: The Impact of Web 2.0 on Traditional Media
Topic 1: Challenges to Traditional Media
- With the rise of user-generated content, traditional media outlets face increased competition for audience attention.
- The credibility of traditional media has been challenged by the spread of misinformation and fake news on social media platforms.
- As advertising revenue shifts towards online platforms, traditional media outlets struggle to maintain their business models.

Topic 2: Adaptation and Change in Traditional Media
- Many traditional media outlets have adapted to the changing landscape by incorporating social media and user-generated content into their coverage.
- There has been a shift towards more interactive and engaging forms of storytelling, such as multimedia journalism and podcasts.
- Some media outlets have moved away from hard news and investigative reporting in favor of more opinion-based content.

Section 3: Critical Thinking and Analysis
Topic 1: Evaluating Information
- As the line between professional and amateur journalism blurs, it becomes increasingly difficult to determine the credibility of sources.
- When consuming information, it is important to consider the source, the reliability of the information, and the potential biases of the author or publisher.
- Fact-checking and cross-referencing information with multiple sources is crucial in determining the accuracy of a story.

Topic 2: The Future of Media
- As technology continues to evolve, it is likely that traditional media will continue to adapt and change.
- The rise of artificial intelligence and machine learning may lead to new forms of journalism and storytelling.
- However, the spread of misinformation and fake news on social media platforms may become an even greater challenge for traditional media outlets.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the impact of Web 2.0 on traditional media has been significant. The rise of user-generated content and participatory media has challenged the traditional role of media outlets as gatekeepers of information. While traditional media outlets have had to adapt to the changing landscape, the democratization of information has also led to a proliferation of misinformation. As we continue to consume information in an increasingly digital world, it is important to critically evaluate sources and consider the potential biases and credibility of the information presented.

Glossary:
- Web 2.0: The second generation of the World Wide Web, characterized by the ability of users to create and share content.
- User-generated content: Content created and shared by users, often through social media platforms.
- Participatory media: Media that allows users to contribute to the creation or distribution of content.
- Misinformation: False information that is spread deliberately or accidentally.
- Fake news: False information that is spread with the intention of deceiving people.

[1] Carr, N. (2008). The Amorality of Web 2.0. Retrieved from [insert URL].
[2] Carr, N. (2008). The Amorality of Web 2.0. Retrieved from [insert URL].


text:
Q:

Rigid body dynamics: Ideal rod with 2 masses

A rigid body is formed by two masses $m_1$ and $m_2$ ($m_1$ is not equal to $m_2$) joined by a rod of negligible mass and length $4L$. The system is initially at rest on a smooth horizontal surface. If a horizontal and perpendicular force is applied to the middle of the rod, then it follows that:

I think the answer is d), but I'm not sure.
This is how I reasoned: Considering that $m_1$ is left and $m_2$ is right, the center of mass (CM) is not in the middle because the masses are different, what means the CM is either left or right from the middle of the rod depending on the relationship between $m_1$ and $m_2$.
However this relationship is not stated, but we can make the following assumption: let's say that $m_1 = 2m_2$. Then, the center of mass would be left closer to $m_1$.
First, it is obvious that if the surface is frictionless, the system will accelerate from rest according to Newton's 2nd law for the CM. But... how can I determine if the system  rotates or not? Will it have angular acceleration or not?
In general, how can I know exactly when a rigid body has both linear and angular acceleration?
I know that according to Newton's 2nd law for rotational dynamics, angular acceleration ($\alpha$) depends on inertia (of the system) and net torque. But since net torque is calculated respect to a rotation axis (and inertia too) how can I choose it and which is it? My professor told us there's sometimes a natural axis rotation, but I don't get it... The rod doesn't have an end fixed!
Please, I want a clear and deep explanation!

A:

If a system has a net torque about the center of mass then it will accelerate rotationally. More generally, the change in angular momentum about the center of mass equals the net torque about the center of mass.
The Newton-Euler laws of motion (in vector form) are:
$$\begin{align}
  \frac{{\rm d} }{{\rm d}t} {\bf p} & = {\bf F} \\
  \frac{{\rm d} }{{\rm d}t} {\bf L}_C & = {\boldsymbol \tau}_{C}
\end{align}$$
Where, $\bf p$ is linear momentum, $\bf F$ net force, ${\bf L}_C$ angular momentum about the center of mass C, and ${\boldsymbol \tau}_C$ net torque about the center of mass.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Rigid Body Dynamics

### Section 1: What is Rigid Body Dynamics?
Rigid body dynamics is a branch of classical mechanics that deals with the motion of objects that maintain their shape and volume while moving. In this lesson, we will learn about ideal rods with two masses and how they move when subjected to forces.

### Section 2: Ideal Rod with Two Masses
Consider an ideal rod of length L and negligible mass. Attached to the ends of the rod are two masses m1 and m2. The rod is initially at rest on a smooth horizontal surface. A horizontal and perpendicular force is applied to the middle of the rod. We will analyze the motion of the rod and determine if it rotates or not.

### Section 3: Analysis of Motion
To analyze the motion of the rod, we need to find the acceleration of the center of mass (CM) and the angular acceleration of the rod. We can use Newton's second law to find the acceleration of the CM:

F = ma

where F is the force applied to the middle of the rod, m is the mass of the rod, and a is the acceleration of the CM. Since the rod is initially at rest, the acceleration of the CM is zero. Therefore, the force applied to the middle of the rod must also be zero.

Next, we need to find the angular acceleration of the rod. We can use the following equation:

α = dv/dt

where α is the angular acceleration, v is the velocity of the rod, and t is time. To find the angular acceleration, we need to differentiate the velocity with respect to time:

dv/dt = a

where a is the acceleration of the rod. Since the rod is initially at rest, its acceleration is zero. Therefore, the angular acceleration of the rod is also zero.

### Section 4: Conclusion
In conclusion, when a horizontal and perpendicular force is applied to the middle of the rod, the system accelerates according to Newton's second law for the center of mass. However, the rod does not rotate or have angular acceleration. The system moves in a straight line until the force is removed.

### Glossary
- Center of Mass (CM): The point at which the mass of an object is concentrated.
- Rigid Body: An object that maintains its shape and volume while moving.
- Angular Acceleration: The rate of change of angular velocity with respect to time.

### Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about the motion of an ideal rod with two masses when subjected to a horizontal and perpendicular force. We analyzed the motion using Newton's second law and found that the system accelerates in a straight line. We also determined that the rod does not rotate or have angular acceleration. This lesson provides a foundation for understanding more complex rigid body dynamics systems.


text: Comments.. CATF acknowledges that India needs more power for its development and that because coal may play continue to play a role in meeting near-term base load power needs, harmful air emissions from coal plants must be minimized. We welcome the initiative of the government to invite civil society comments on the proposed air emissions standards and expect that many local Indian nongovernmental organizations will provide valuable comments. The comments prepared by Dr. Ranajit Sahu and made publicly available here are intended to be supportive of Indian civil society and government in this process.

textbook:
Lesson: Comments and Civil Society Participation

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of comments and civil society participation in decision-making processes. We will focus on the example of India's need for more power and the role of coal in meeting that need. We will also explore the importance of minimizing harmful air emissions from coal plants and the involvement of civil society in setting air emissions standards.

Section 1: Understanding Comments and Civil Society Participation

Topic 1: What are comments?
- Comments are written or verbal expressions that provide feedback, suggestions, or opinions on a particular issue or proposal.

Topic 2: Why is civil society participation important?
- Civil society participation is important because it allows individuals and organizations who are not part of the government to have a say in decision-making processes that affect their lives. This can lead to more informed and equitable decisions that take into account the diverse perspectives and needs of different groups.

Section 2: The Role of Coal in India's Energy Needs

Topic 1: Why is India in need of more power?
- India is experiencing rapid economic growth and a growing population, which requires more energy to support development and meet the needs of people.

Topic 2: What is the role of coal in meeting India's energy needs?
- Coal is a major source of energy in India and has been used to generate electricity for many years. It is a relatively cheap and abundant resource, making it an attractive option for meeting India's energy needs.

Section 3: Minimizing Harmful Air Emissions from Coal Plants

Topic 1: Why is it important to minimize air emissions from coal plants?
- Air emissions from coal plants can have serious health and environmental impacts, including respiratory illnesses, heart disease, and climate change.

Topic 2: What can be done to minimize air emissions from coal plants?
- There are several technologies and practices that can be used to reduce air emissions from coal plants, such as scrubbers, filters, and more efficient combustion techniques.

Section 4: Civil Society Participation in Setting Air Emissions Standards

Topic 1: Why is it important for civil society to participate in setting air emissions standards?
- Civil society participation can help ensure that air emissions standards are based on sound science and take into account the needs and concerns of affected communities.

Topic 2: How can civil society participate in setting air emissions standards?
- Civil society can participate in setting air emissions standards by providing comments and feedback during public consultations, attending public meetings, and engaging with policymakers and regulators.

Section 5: Conclusion

In conclusion, comments and civil society participation are important tools for ensuring that decision-making processes are transparent, inclusive, and based on the best available information. In the context of India's energy needs and the role of coal, minimizing harmful air emissions is crucial for protecting public health and the environment. By participating in the process of setting air emissions standards, civil society can play an important role in shaping policies that reflect the diverse needs and perspectives of different groups.

Glossary:
- Comments: Written or verbal expressions that provide feedback, suggestions, or opinions on a particular issue or proposal.
- Civil society: A broad term that refers to groups and individuals who are not part of the government but who work to promote social change and improve society.
- Air emissions: Pollutants released into the atmosphere from industrial processes, vehicles, and other sources.
- Standards: Established levels of performance or achievement that serve as a benchmark for measuring progress or determining compliance.

Self-Debating Discussion:
- How can civil society organizations ensure that their comments and feedback are taken seriously by policymakers and regulators?
- What are some examples of technologies and practices that can be used to reduce air emissions from coal plants?
- How can the public be engaged in the process of setting air emissions standards?


text: Last year Mom got me a clearance cookbook that featured recipes that came from the sides of boxes or wrapped inside can labels. I thought it a little silly at the time, but now that I’ve taken to cutting out recipes from sides of boxes, I realize having them in a handy book is much [...]

textbook:
Lesson: Cooking with Box Sides

Introduction:
Cooking with box sides is a fun and creative way to make delicious meals without spending a lot of money on ingredients. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of cooking with box sides, including what ingredients to look for, how to read recipes, and some tips for making your dishes turn out perfectly every time.

Section 1: Ingredients and Recipes

**Ingredients**
- Look for box sides that have recipes printed on them or have a tear-off coupon for a free recipe.
- Keep an eye out for box sides that contain ingredients you already have in your pantry, such as pasta sauce or rice.
- Check expiration dates to make sure the recipe you are using is still good.

**Recipes**
- When looking for recipes on box sides, pay attention to the serving size and number of servings per recipe.
- Read through the entire recipe before starting so you know what steps to take and when.
- Make sure you have all the ingredients listed in the recipe before starting.

**Tips for Reading Recipes**
- Always read the entire recipe before starting so you know what steps to take and when.
- Pay attention to the order of the steps. Some recipes may require you to cook the rice first, while others may call for it to be added later.
- Look for words that indicate temperature, such as "saute" or "bake." These words tell you how hot the oven should be set to.

Section 2: Making Your Dish Turn Out Perfectly

**Tips for Making Your Dish Turn Out Perfectly**
- Follow the recipe exactly as written to ensure the best results.
- Measure ingredients carefully and accurately.
- Preheat the oven or stove top before starting to cook.
- Cook the dish until it is fully cooked and heated through.

**Common Mistakes**
- Not reading the entire recipe before starting.
- Skipping steps in the recipe.
- Adding too much salt or seasoning.
- Overcooking the dish.

Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

**Real-World Scenario**
- Imagine you are making a recipe that calls for 1 cup of uncooked rice. You have a box of rice that says it makes 3 cups of cooked rice. How much rice do you need to use?
- To find out, you would need to use the conversion factor of 1 cup of uncooked rice equals 2 cups of cooked rice. So, you would need to use 0.5 cups of uncooked rice to make 1 cup of cooked rice.

Conclusion:
Cooking with box sides is a fun and easy way to make delicious meals without spending a lot of money on ingredients. By following the tips and tricks we learned in this lesson, you can make sure your dishes turn out perfectly every time. Remember to always read the entire recipe before starting, measure ingredients carefully, and preheat the oven or stove top before cooking. With these tips in mind, you'll be well on your way to creating delicious meals that everyone will enjoy.

Glossary:
- Box sides: The sides of boxes or wrapped inside can labels
- Recipe: A set of instructions for preparing a particular dish
- Serving size: The amount of food that is served at one time
- Number of servings: The total amount of people who can eat from the dish.


text: Definition:. Customer loyalty is when a customer continues to purchase or use a product or service over the long term, even when other similar types of products or services are available.. The Stage. An organisation can maximise profits by strengthening its bonds with its customers, thereby retaining them longer. Customer loyalty involves attracting the right customers and getting them to buy—often, and in increasing quantities—and then getting them to bring in even more customers. Solid customer loyalty can be established through the following:. - customisation: shaping products and services to suit individuals. - commitment: responding to the customer’s needs of the moment. - collaboration: allowing customers to share their ideas, and. - coordination: providing a happy balance between people, technology and processes. <<

textbook:
Lesson: How to Build Customer Loyalty
Introduction: Customer loyalty is a crucial aspect of any business. It refers to the likelihood of a customer to continue purchasing or using a product or service over the long term, even when other similar products or services are available. In this lesson, we will explore the concept of customer loyalty, its benefits, and how to build it.
Section 1: Understanding Customer Loyalty
Topic 1: Definition
- Customer loyalty is when a customer continues to purchase or use a product or service over the long term, even when other similar types of products or services are available.
Topic 2: Benefits
- Customer loyalty can help maximize profits by retaining customers for longer periods.
- It involves attracting the right customers and getting them to buy often and in increasing quantities.
- Solid customer loyalty can be established through customization, commitment, collaboration, and coordination.
Section 2: Building Customer Loyalty
Topic 1: Customization
- Shape your products and services to suit individual customers' needs.
- Offer personalized experiences that cater to each customer's preferences.
Topic 2: Commitment
- Respond to customers' needs of the moment.
- Show that you care about their satisfaction by being responsive and attentive to their concerns.
Topic 3: Collaboration
- Allow customers to share their ideas and feedback.
- Engage with them on social media and other platforms.
- Encourage them to participate in product development or improvement initiatives.
Topic 4: Coordination
- Provide a happy balance between people, technology, and processes.
- Ensure that all departments work together seamlessly to provide excellent customer experiences.
- Use technology to streamline processes and improve efficiency.
Section 3: Practical Examples
Topic 1: Nike
- Nike customizes its products by offering personalized sneakers and apparel.
- They show commitment by responding quickly to customer complaints and concerns.
- Nike collaborates with athletes and influencers to create exclusive products and experiences.
- They coordinate their supply chain and distribution channels to ensure timely delivery of products.
Topic 2: Amazon
- Amazon offers personalized recommendations based on customers' browsing and purchase history.
- They show commitment by providing excellent customer support and offering refunds and returns.
- Amazon collaborates with third-party sellers to offer a wider range of products.
- They coordinate their logistics and payment systems to provide seamless shopping experiences.
Section 4: Self-Debating Discussion
Topic 1: How can businesses balance customization and profitability?
- Businesses must find a balance between offering personalized experiences and maintaining profitability.
- They can achieve this by optimizing production processes and using technology to automate tasks.
- They can also offer tiered pricing options that cater to different customer segments.
Topic 2: How can businesses measure customer loyalty?
- Businesses can measure customer loyalty through surveys, feedback forms, and customer retention rates.
- They can also track repeat purchases and referral rates to gauge customer loyalty.
- Businesses should continuously monitor these metrics and make adjustments to improve customer loyalty.
Conclusion:
Customer loyalty is essential for any business that wants to thrive in the long run. By building solid customer loyalty through customization, commitment, collaboration, and coordination, businesses can retain customers for longer periods and increase their profits. By applying the concepts learned in this lesson, students can develop strategies to improve customer loyalty in various industries.
Glossary:
- Customization: Shaping products and services to suit individuals.
- Commitment: Responding to the customer's needs of the moment.
- Collaboration: Allowing customers to share their ideas.
- Coordination: Providing a happy balance between people, technology, and processes.
- Customer Loyalty: When a customer continues to purchase or use a product or service over the long term, even when other similar types of products or services are available.