text: Ilex mitis, the African holly or without (white wood) in Afrikaans, is a medium to large tree of the South African south coast and easterly regions (SA Tree List No. 397). The tree is widely represented in Africa, growing as far north as Ethiopia and in West Africa. The habitat is mainly riverine forest, sometimes open woodland.. The leaves of Ilex mitis are spirally arranged, elliptic, shiny and hairless. The midrib is conspicuous while the regular loops of the lateral veins are distinctive. The leaf apex may taper or be rounded with a hair-like tip.. The flowers are white and fragrant, growing in small axillary panicles. The sexes are represented by separate trees (dioecious).. The fruit is an edible, spherical berry, still green in this picture, but ripening to a shiny crimson by autumn or winter. The fruit attract birds.. The white wood, a good timber, gave rise to the Afrikaans common name (Coates Palgrave, 2002; Schmidt, et al, 2002).

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Trees in Africa

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of trees and their importance in Africa.

**Introduction:** Trees are an essential part of our environment. They provide oxygen, shelter, and food for many animals. In this lesson, we will learn about the African holly tree, which is a medium to large tree found in South Africa and other parts of Africa.

**Section 1: The African Holly Tree**

The African holly tree (Ilex mitis) is a medium to large tree that grows in riverine forests and open woodlands. It has shiny, elliptic leaves that are arranged spirally on the stem. The leaves are hairless and have a conspicuous midrib with distinctive loops of lateral veins. The leaf apex may taper or be rounded with a hair-like tip.

**Questions:**

1. What is the scientific name of the African holly tree?
2. What type of habitat does the African holly tree grow in?
3. What is unique about the leaves of the African holly tree?
4. How does the midrib of the African holly tree look like?
5. What is the shape of the leaf apex?

**Answers:**

1. The scientific name of the African holly tree is Ilex mitis.
2. The African holly tree grows in riverine forests and open woodlands.
3. The leaves of the African holly tree are shiny and arranged spirally on the stem.
4. The midrib of the African holly tree is conspicuous and has distinctive loops of lateral veins.
5. The leaf apex of the African holly tree may taper or be rounded with a hair-like tip.

**Section 2: The Flower and Fruit of the African Holly Tree**

The African holly tree produces white and fragrant flowers that grow in small axillary panicles. The tree is dioecious, meaning that male and female trees produce separate flowers. The fruit of the African holly tree is an edible, spherical berry that ripens to a shiny crimson color by autumn or winter. The fruit attracts birds, which helps to disperse the seeds.

**Questions:**

1. What color are the flowers of the African holly tree?
2. How do the flowers of the African holly tree grow?
3. What is the significance of the dioecious nature of the African holly tree?
4. What is the shape of the fruit of the African holly tree?
5. What color does the fruit of the African holly tree turn when ripe?

**Answers:**

1. The flowers of the African holly tree are white.
2. The flowers of the African holly tree grow in small axillary panicles.
3. The dioecious nature of the African holly tree means that male and female trees produce separate flowers, which is important for the reproduction of the species.
4. The fruit of the African holly tree is spherical.
5. The fruit of the African holly tree turns shiny crimson when ripe.

**Section 3: The Importance of Trees in Africa**

Trees are an essential part of our environment. They provide oxygen, shelter, and food for many animals. Trees also help to prevent soil erosion and absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. In this lesson, we learned about the African holly tree, which is just one example of the many types of trees found in Africa.

**Questions:**

1. Why are trees important to our environment?
2. What are some of the benefits of trees to the environment?
3. Are there any other types of trees in Africa besides the African holly tree? If so, what are they?

**Answers:**

1. Trees are important to our environment because they provide oxygen, shelter, and food for many animals.
2. Some of the benefits of trees to the environment include preventing soil erosion, absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and providing habitats for many different species.
3. Yes, there are many other types of trees in Africa besides the African holly tree. Some examples include the baobab tree, the acacia tree, and the mango tree.

**Conclusion:**

In this lesson, we learned about the African holly tree and its features, as well as the importance of trees in Africa. Trees play an essential role in our environment, providing oxygen, shelter, and food for many animals. By understanding the importance of trees, we can work towards preserving and protecting them for future generations.

**Glossary:**

- **Hairless:** Having no hair or very little hair.
- **Lateral veins:** The smaller veins that branch off the main vein in a leaf.
- **Midrib:** The main vein that runs down the center of a leaf.
- **Spirally arranged:** Arranged in a spiral pattern around the stem.
- **Dioecious:** Having separate male and female flowers on the same plant.
- **Fragrant:** Having a pleasant smell.
- **Spherical:** Shaped like a sphere or ball.
- **Crimson:** A bright red color.
- **Axillary:** Growing in the angle between the stem and a leaf.
- **Panicle:** A type of flower cluster that is flat-topped and has stiff, hairy branches.


text: Validating reloaded windows vista. 27-Jul-2020 01:20. The most likely cause of this is a virus infecting the EXE that you have downloaded.. Also, make sure the file that you get is digitally signed by AI Internet Solutions LLC. Simply copying the files over will not perform a correct installation... VA Suite offers cost-effective scalability across a wide range of operational environments, with support for caching and replication of revocation data, regardless of format.. Axway VA Suite is widely deployed across the Do D and other government agencies.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Digital Signatures

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Digital signatures are a type of electronic signature that uses cryptographic methods to authenticate the identity of the signatory and ensure the integrity of the signed document. They provide a secure and reliable way to verify the identity of the signer and ensure that the content of the document has not been tampered with.

### Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's consider an example where a company wants to issue a digital certificate to one of its employees. The company will use a trusted third-party certificate authority (CA) to issue the digital certificate. The CA will verify the identity of the employee and issue a digital certificate containing the employee's public key. Anyone who receives a digitally signed message from this employee can use the public key to verify the signature and ensure that the message has not been altered.

### Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

Digital signatures are used in various industries such as finance, healthcare, and government. In finance, digital signatures are used to securely transfer funds between banks. In healthcare, digital signatures are used to ensure the authenticity of medical records. In government, digital signatures are used to secure sensitive documents and prevent unauthorized access.

### Glossary
- Digital Signature: An electronic signature that uses cryptographic methods to authenticate the identity of the signatory and ensure the integrity of the signed document.
- Certificate Authority (CA): A trusted third-party that issues digital certificates to verify the identity of the signer.
- Public Key: A key pair that is used to encrypt and decrypt messages. The public key is shared with others, while the private key is kept secret.

### Conclusion

Digital signatures provide a secure and reliable way to verify the identity of the signer and ensure the integrity of the signed document. They are widely used in various industries to protect sensitive information and prevent unauthorized access. By understanding the theoretical concepts, practical examples, and real-world scenarios of digital signatures, we can apply these skills to new problems and ensure the security of our digital interactions.


text: Effective relief from chesty cough. GLIKUFF is a Cough Syrupwith Ivy leaf, licorice and thyme extract loosens mucus, provides effective relief from troublesome. Thyme extract is often used as a natural cough remedy. A combination of thyme and ivy leaves helped to alleviate coughing and other symptoms of acute bronchitis.. Reviews. There are no reviews yet.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Choose the Right Cough Syrup

Introduction:
Cough syrups are medications that help to suppress coughs and relieve other symptoms associated with respiratory infections. However, with so many options available, choosing the right cough syrup can be challenging. In this lesson, we will explore the different types of cough syrups, their ingredients, and how to choose the most effective one for your needs.

Section 1: Types of Cough Syrups
There are two main types of cough syrups: expectorants and suppressants.

Expectorants: These cough syrups help to loosen mucus and make it easier to cough up phlegm. They often contain ingredients such as guaifenesin, ipecac, or ephedrine.

Suppressants: These cough syrups help to suppress or reduce the urge to cough. They often contain ingredients such as codeine, dextromethorphan, or hydrocodone.

Section 2: Understanding Ingredients
When choosing a cough syrup, it's essential to understand the ingredients and how they work. Here are some common ingredients found in cough syrups:

Guaifenesin: This expectorant helps to loosen mucus and make it easier to cough up phlegm.

Ipecac: This expectorant is used to stimulate the cough reflex, making it easier to expel mucus from the lungs.

Codeine: This suppressant is an opioid that helps to reduce coughing by acting on the brain's pain receptors.

Dextromethorphan: This suppressant is a cough-suppressing agent that works on the central nervous system.

Thyme extract: This natural ingredient is often used as a cough remedy and helps to loosen mucus.

Section 3: Choosing the Right Cough Syrup
To choose the right cough syrup, consider the following factors:

1. Age: Always check the age recommendations on the package before giving a cough syrup to a child. Some cough syrups are not recommended for children under a certain age.

2. Ingredients: Choose a cough syrup that contains ingredients that target your specific symptoms. If you have a dry cough, look for a cough syrup that contains an expectorant like guaifenesin. If you have a wet cough, look for a cough syrup that contains an expectorant like ipecac.

3. Side effects: Some cough syrups may cause drowsiness, dizziness, or other side effects. Read the label carefully and consult with your doctor if you have any concerns.

4. Allergies: Check the ingredients list for any allergens you may be sensitive to. If you are allergic to a specific ingredient, choose a cough syrup that does not contain it.

Conclusion:
Choosing the right cough syrup can be a daunting task, but by understanding the different types of cough syrups and their ingredients, you can make an informed decision about which one is best for your needs. Remember to always consult with your doctor before taking any new medication, especially if you have any underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.

Glossary:
- Expectorant: A medication that helps to loosen mucus and make it easier to cough up phlegm.
- Suppressant: A medication that helps to suppress or reduce the urge to cough.
- Opioid: A class of drugs that include morphine, heroin, and other strong painkillers.
- Central nervous system: The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord.


text: The Type 680 is the ideal seal for general-purpose applications. Its rotating Alloy-20 bellows provide corrosion resistance in a broad range of corrosive media. Its cost-effective design, combined with a reliable performance history, has made the Type 680 a standard for low-temperature applications found in the chemical, water and wastewater, pulp and paper, and utility industries.. The seal is available with hard faces for abrasive applications and a wide range of elastomers to cover a broad range of applications.. Carbon face: To 200C/400F. Tungsten Carbide or Silicon Carbide face: 150C/300F. Vacuum to 360 psi(g)/25 bar(g). 5000fpm/25m/s. Thank you. We will contact you soon.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Corrosion and its Prevention

## Section 1: What is Corrosion?
Corrosion is a natural process that occurs when metals react with their environment. It is caused by the oxidation of metal atoms, which leads to the formation of metal compounds. This process can result in the deterioration of metal components, leading to rust, weakening of structures, and even failure of equipment.

## Section 2: Types of Corrosion
There are several types of corrosion, including:
- Uniform corrosion: This is the most common type of corrosion and occurs when the metal surface is uniformly attacked by the corrosive environment.
- Galvanic corrosion: This type of corrosion occurs when two dissimilar metals are in contact with each other and one metal becomes anodic while the other becomes cathodic.
- Pitting corrosion: This type of corrosion occurs when small holes form on the surface of the metal due to localized corrosion.
- Crevice corrosion: This type of corrosion occurs in areas where metal is in contact with a non-metallic material, such as a rubber gasket.

## Section 3: Preventing Corrosion
There are several ways to prevent corrosion, including:
- Choosing materials that are resistant to corrosion: Metals such as stainless steel and aluminum are more resistant to corrosion than other metals.
- Applying protective coatings: Coatings such as paint, powder coatings, and epoxy coatings can help protect metal surfaces from corrosion.
- Controlling the environment: Reducing exposure to moisture, chemicals, and temperature extremes can help prevent corrosion.
- Regular inspection and maintenance: Regularly inspecting metal components and addressing any issues promptly can help prevent corrosion from becoming worse.

## Section 4: Case Study: Type 680 Seal
The Type 680 seal is designed to prevent corrosion in a variety of applications. Its rotating Alloy-20 bellows provide corrosion resistance in a broad range of corrosive media, making it an ideal seal for general-purpose applications. The seal is available with hard faces for abrasive applications and a wide range of elastomers to cover a broad range of applications.

## Conclusion
In conclusion, corrosion is a natural process that can lead to the deterioration of metal components. By understanding the different types of corrosion and taking steps to prevent it, we can extend the life of metal components and reduce the risk of equipment failure. The Type 680 seal is an example of a product designed to prevent corrosion in a variety of applications. By choosing materials that are resistant to corrosion, applying protective coatings, controlling the environment, and regularly inspecting metal components, we can prevent corrosion and ensure the longevity of our equipment.

Glossary:
- Corrosion: A natural process that occurs when metals react with their environment, leading to the formation of metal compounds.
- Oxidation: The process of a metal reacting with oxygen, resulting in the formation of metal compounds.
- Anodic: The metal that becomes oxidized in galvanic corrosion.
- Cathodic: The metal that does not become oxidized in galvanic corrosion.
- Pitting: Small holes that form on the surface of metal due to localized corrosion.
- Crevice: Areas where metal is in contact with a non-metallic material, such as a rubber gasket.


text: Need to book Lower Basildon taxis? Then look no further. ubiCabs is the number one way to book a taxi online, covering more of Berkshire than anyone else. Whether you're in Lower Basildon and need a taxi to the airport or you're looking for an asap Lower Basildon cab, ubiCabs is the online taxi booker you need. Our selection of Lower Basildon taxi companies are compared to bring you the best quote for your journey and you'll see the price before you book. All the Lower Basildon minicabs in one place, just waiting for your click. Enjoy the ride.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Book a Taxi Online

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to book a taxi online using ubiCabs, a popular online taxi booking platform that covers more of Berkshire than any other company. We will cover the following topics:

1. Why book a taxi online?
2. How to use ubiCabs to book a taxi?
3. What information do I need to provide when booking a taxi?
4. How much does it cost to book a taxi online?
5. What are the benefits of booking a taxi online?

Section 1: Why book a taxi online?
Booking a taxi online has several advantages over traditional methods such as hailing a cab on the street or calling a taxi company directly. Here are some reasons why you should consider booking a taxi online:

- Convenience: You can book a taxi from your home, office, or even while on the go.
- Price Comparison: Online taxi booking platforms like ubiCabs allow you to compare prices from different taxi companies and choose the one that suits your budget.
- Time-saving: You don't have to wait on hold when calling a taxi company or wave down a cab on the street.
- Transparency: You can see the fare estimate before you book, so there are no surprises at the end of your journey.

Section 2: How to use ubiCabs to book a taxi?
To book a taxi online using ubiCabs, follow these steps:

1. Go to the ubiCabs website or download their mobile app.
2. Enter your pickup location and destination address.
3. Select the type of vehicle you need (e.g., a sedan or an SUV).
4. Choose the time and date of your journey.
5. Enter your contact details and any special requirements you may have (e.g., wheelchair accessibility).
6. Click "Get Quotes" to see the prices from different taxi companies.
7. Select the taxi company that suits your budget and click "Book Now."
8. Confirm your booking and wait for your taxi to arrive.

Section 3: What information do I need to provide when booking a taxi?
When booking a taxi online, you will need to provide the following information:

- Pickup location (address or landmark)
- Destination location (address or landmark)
- Date and time of travel
- Type of vehicle required (e.g., sedan, SUV)
- Number of passengers and luggage (if any)
- Special requirements (e.g., wheelchair accessibility)

Section 4: How much does it cost to book a taxi online?
The cost of booking a taxi online varies depending on several factors, including:

- Distance traveled
- Time of day
- Type of vehicle required
- Special requirements (e.g., toll charges, waiting time)

To get an accurate fare estimate, use the fare calculator on ubiCabs' website or mobile app. The fare estimate will include all charges and there will be no hidden fees.

Section 5: What are the benefits of booking a taxi online?
Booking a taxi online has several benefits, including:

- Convenience: You can book a taxi from your home, office, or even while on the go.
- Price Comparison: Online taxi booking platforms like ubiCabs allow you to compare prices from different taxi companies and choose the one that suits your budget.
- Time-saving: You don't have to wait on hold when calling a taxi company or wave down a cab on the street.
- Transparency: You can see the fare estimate before you book, so there are no surprises at the end of your journey.
- Reliability: Online taxi booking platforms have real-time tracking systems that show you the location of your taxi and ensure it arrives on time.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to book a taxi online using ubiCabs, a popular online taxi booking platform that covers more of Berkshire than any other company. We covered the following topics:

1. Why book a taxi online?
2. How to use ubiCabs to book a taxi?
3. What information do I need to provide when booking a taxi?
4. How much does it cost to book a taxi online?
5. What are the benefits of booking a taxi online?

By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can easily book a taxi online and enjoy the convenience, transparency, and reliability of online taxi booking.


text: New. Whether you're entertaining for a dinner party or trying to create a relaxing atmosphere for a bath, the Church Floating Candles make a beautiful display in your home.. Available in either red or white, each candle has an approximate diameter of 40mm. Once lit the candles have an approximate burn time of two and a half hours.. To use, simply fill a bowl with water and gently place the candles into the bowl and light.. Contains 4 candles per box. Please do not ever leave burning candles unattended.. There are currently no reviews for Church Floating Candles. Be the first to write a review.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Use Floating Candles

Introduction:
Floating candles are a beautiful addition to any home, adding ambiance and charm to any room. In this lesson, we will learn how to use floating candles safely and effectively.

Section 1: Understanding Floating Candles
- What are floating candles?
Floating candles are small, tealight-sized candles that are designed to float on top of water. They are typically used in bowls filled with water, such as a bathtub or a decorative dish.

- How do floating candles work?
Floating candles work by having a wick that is sealed at the bottom, which allows the candle to float on top of the water. The heat from the candle melts the wax at the bottom, causing it to become buoyant.

Section 2: Preparing to Use Floating Candles
- Safety first!
Before using floating candles, it is essential to ensure that they are used safely. Always use a candle holder or a bowl that is sturdy and stable. Never leave burning candles unattended, and keep them away from flammable materials such as curtains or paper.

- Choosing the right location
When choosing where to place your floating candles, consider the amount of light and heat they will produce. Avoid placing them near flammable materials or where they could easily be knocked over.

Section 3: Using Floating Candles
- Filling the bowl
Fill the bowl with enough water to cover the candles. You can use plain water or add some essential oils for fragrance. Make sure the water level is high enough to completely submerge the candles.

- Placing the candles
Gently place the candles into the bowl, making sure they are all upright. If necessary, adjust the water level so that the candles are fully submerged.

- Lighting the candles
Use a long match or lighter to light the candles. Make sure to light them one at a time, starting with the center candle and working outwards. This will help prevent the flames from spreading too quickly.

Section 4: Maintaining the Candles
- Monitoring the candles
Keep an eye on the candles as they burn. If any of them start to flicker or smoke excessively, snuff them out and dispose of them properly.

- Extinguishing the candles
When it's time to put out the candles, use a candle snuffer or a piece of dry cloth to gently extinguish the flames. Do not pour water on the candles, as this can cause the wax to become very hot and potentially cause a fire.

Conclusion:
Using floating candles is a simple yet effective way to add ambiance and charm to any room. By following the safety guidelines and proper procedures, you can enjoy their beauty while avoiding any potential hazards. With practice, you'll be able to use floating candles confidently and effectively.

Glossary:
- Tealight: A small, round candle that is typically used in electric candle warmers or as floating candles.
- Wick: A thin, fibrous cord that holds the flame in a candle.
- Buoyant: Able to float on water.
- Essential oils: Natural oils that are extracted from plants and used for their fragrance and therapeutic properties.


text: Whether you are just starting out or serious about your workout, the UREC staff and facilities are here to support your efforts. University Recreation promotes fitness through motivational, one-on-one, and group programs.. UREC provides knowledgeable staff to help you get started. We provide complimentary fitness orientations and assessments. Our staff is available to show you how our machines work, explain exercises, and provide you with options. Stop by the Fitness Desk in the weight room for your fitness orientation and/or assessment.. Fitness orientations introduce you to the various cardio and resistance training options. We'll be happy to show you how to use equipment, talk with you about fitness options, explain our programs and answer your questions..

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Fitness

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Fitness refers to the ability to perform daily tasks without experiencing fatigue or discomfort. It involves a combination of cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, and body composition.

## Section 2: Questions and Answers

**Question:** What is the difference between cardiovascular endurance and muscular strength?
**Answer:** Cardiovascular endurance refers to the ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to deliver oxygen to the muscles during prolonged physical activity. Muscular strength, on the other hand, refers to the amount of force that can be generated by the muscles to perform physical tasks.

## Section 3: Definitions and Practical Examples

Cardiovascular endurance can be improved through activities such as running, cycling, and swimming. Muscular strength can be developed through weightlifting, bodyweight exercises, and resistance training. Flexibility can be improved through stretching and yoga. Body composition can be measured through body fat percentage and lean body mass.

## Section 4: Real-World Scenarios

A person who has good cardiovascular endurance will be able to walk up a hill without getting out of breath, while someone with poor muscular strength may struggle to carry heavy groceries. A person with good flexibility will be able to touch their toes, while someone with poor flexibility may experience discomfort when trying to reach their feet.

## Glossary

- Cardiovascular endurance: The ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to deliver oxygen to the muscles during prolonged physical activity.
- Muscular strength: The amount of force that can be generated by the muscles to perform physical tasks.
- Flexibility: The range of motion around a joint.
- Body composition: The proportion of fat mass to lean body mass in the body.

## Conclusion

Understanding the importance of fitness is essential for leading a healthy lifestyle. By incorporating cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, and good body composition, we can improve our overall health and wellbeing. Remember to consult with a professional before starting any new fitness program to ensure that it is safe and appropriate for your individual needs.


text: I would like to "add" Music/SFX to the MS-DOS port of wasteland to accomplish this I was thinking I would need to write a program that watches the ram while the game is being played then when certain addresses show up it would open a sound file I'm not sure how I would go about doing this though...so do you guys have any ideas? thanks in advance.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Programming for Game Development

**Introduction:**
In this lesson, we will learn about programming and how it can be used to create games. We will focus on the MS-DOS port of Wasteland, a popular post-apocalyptic computer game released in 1988. Our goal is to add music and sound effects to the game by writing a program that watches the RAM while the game is being played and opens a sound file when certain memory addresses appear.

**Section 1: Understanding Programming Basics**

Programming is the process of writing instructions for a computer to follow. These instructions are written in a language that the computer can understand, such as C++, Java, or Python. In game development, programming is used to create game mechanics, control player movement, and add special effects.

**Section 2: Understanding Memory Addresses**

Memory addresses are unique numbers that identify specific locations in the computer's memory. In MS-DOS, memory addresses are used to store data and program instructions. When a program is executed, it is loaded into memory and assigned an address. This address is used to access and modify the program's data and code.

**Section 3: Adding Music and Sound Effects to Wasteland**

To add music and sound effects to Wasteland, we need to write a program that watches the RAM while the game is being played. This program should monitor memory addresses associated with the game's audio system and open a sound file when certain memory addresses appear.

**Section 4: Writing the Program**

Here is an example of how the program could be written in C++:

```c++
#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    HANDLE hProcess = GetCurrentProcess();
    CONST CHAR* lpCommandLine = GetCommandLine();

    if (strstr(lpCommandLine, "-music") != NULL) {
        // Open music file
    }

    if (strstr(lpCommandLine, "-sfx") != NULL) {
        // Open sound effects file
    }

    return 0;
}
```

This program uses the Windows API function `GetCurrentProcess` to get the handle of the current process. It then uses `GetCommandLine` to retrieve the command line arguments passed to the program. If the user has specified the `-music` or `-sfx` options, the program opens the corresponding sound files.

**Section 5: Testing the Program**

To test the program, we need to compile and run it. We can use a C++ compiler such as Visual Studio or Code::Blocks to compile the program. Once the program is compiled, we can run it by executing the compiled executable file.

**Conclusion**

In this lesson, we learned about programming basics, memory addresses, and how to add music and sound effects to Wasteland. We also wrote a simple C++ program that monitors memory addresses and opens sound files when certain conditions are met. By applying these skills to other game development projects, we can create exciting and immersive gaming experiences.


text: Deaf telephony: community-based co-design. Date2011. Author. Blake, Edwin H.. Tucker, William David. Glaser, Meryl. Freudenthal, Adinda. MetadataShow full item record. Abstract. The process of community-based co-design is one that explores various solution configurations in a multi-dimensional design space whose axes are the different dimensions of requirements and the various dimensions of designer skills and technological capabilities. The bits of this space that one can ‘see’ are determined by one's knowledge of the user needs and one's own skills. Co-design is a way of exploring that space in a way that alleviates the myopia of one's own viewpoint and bias. As one traverses this space one traces a trajectory according to one’s skills and learning and according to the users’ expressed requirements and their learning.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Community-Based Co-Design

Introduction:
Community-based co-design is a process of designing products or services with the involvement of the community. It is a collaborative approach where designers work together with members of the community to create solutions that meet their needs. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of community-based co-design, its benefits, and how it works.

Section 1: What is Community-Based Co-Design?

Topic 1: Definition of Community-Based Co-Design
- Community-based co-design is a design process that involves members of the community in the creation of products or services.
- It is a collaborative approach where designers work together with community members to create solutions that meet their needs.
- The goal of community-based co-design is to create products or services that are tailored to the specific needs of the community.

Topic 2: Benefits of Community-Based Co-Design
- Community-based co-design ensures that the products or services created are relevant to the needs of the community.
- It promotes a sense of ownership among community members, who feel that their voices are being heard and their needs are being addressed.
- It also fosters a sense of community and belonging, as people work together towards a common goal.

Section 2: How does Community-Based Co-Design Work?

Topic 1: Identifying Community Needs
- Designers and community members work together to identify the specific needs of the community.
- This may involve conducting surveys, holding focus groups, or observing the community to see what challenges they face.
- The goal is to gather as much information as possible about the community's needs so that the design process can be informed by this data.

Topic 2: Brainstorming Solutions
- Once the community's needs have been identified, designers and community members work together to brainstorm potential solutions.
- This may involve generating ideas, discussing different approaches, and evaluating the feasibility of each option.
- The goal is to come up with a range of potential solutions that could meet the community's needs.

Topic 3: Creating Prototypes
- After brainstorming solutions, designers and community members create prototypes of the different options.
- These prototypes can take many forms, from simple sketches to fully functional models.
- The goal is to create something tangible that can be tested and evaluated by the community.

Section 3: Applying Community-Based Co-Design

Topic 1: Real-World Example
- Let's say a community wants to design a new park for children.
- The designers and community members would work together to identify the needs of the children, such as what types of activities they enjoy and what equipment they need.
- They would then brainstorm potential solutions, such as different types of play structures or outdoor games.
- Finally, they would create prototypes of these solutions and test them with the children to see what works best.

Topic 2: Reflection and Evaluation
- Throughout the community-based co-design process, it is essential to reflect on the progress made and evaluate the effectiveness of the solutions created.
- This may involve gathering feedback from community members, analyzing data, and making adjustments to the designs based on this information.
- The goal is to ensure that the final product meets the needs of the community and is something that they will use and enjoy.

Conclusion:
Community-based co-design is an essential process for creating products or services that meet the needs of a community. By involving community members in the design process, designers can create solutions that are tailored to the specific needs of the community. This approach promotes a sense of ownership, fosters a sense of community, and ensures that the final product is something that will be used and appreciated by the community.


text: Prof. Dipti Bardhan. Department of Mathematics. Schedule: Fall, 2006. Courses I am teaching :. Courses I taught in the past:Courses I taught in the past:. MTH-111-OL Elements of Statistics (On-Line). MTH-111-HB Elements of Statistics (Hybrid). - MTH-125-01College Algebra & Trigonometry. MTH-150-01Calculus -II. General class policy :. Attendance. Grading. Additional help:. Additional help can be obtained during office hours. If your schedule does not allow to get additonal help during office hours, you may make appointments for special meetings. Walk-in-Math-Help allows the students get addional help from available instructor without appointments. Please check with the departments's secretary Linda Mazziotta (extn 4461) for schedule.. College provides tutoring help for most of the math courses. Tutoring center is located in Wolverton, 3rd Floor. Please check with Tutoring Lab for tutoring schedule for your courses.. [ Math Home Page | Faculty Page ]

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Mathematics

Lesson Overview:
In this lesson, we will introduce students to the subject of mathematics and its applications in real-world scenarios. We will cover the basics of algebra, geometry, and statistics, and provide examples of how these concepts are used in everyday life.

Section 1: Introduction to Mathematics

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- Mathematics is the study of numbers, quantities, structures, and relationships.
- It is divided into several branches, including algebra, geometry, and statistics.
- Algebra is the branch of mathematics that deals with the manipulation and solution of equations.
- Geometry is the branch of mathematics that deals with the properties and relationships of points, lines, angles, and shapes.
- Statistics is the branch of mathematics that deals with the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.

**Practical Examples:**
- Algebra is used in everyday life to solve problems such as calculating change at a store or determining the interest on a loan.
- Geometry is used in architecture and engineering to design and construct buildings and bridges.
- Statistics is used in business and economics to analyze data and make informed decisions.

Section 2: Algebra

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- Algebra involves working with variables, which represent unknown values.
- Equations are statements that two expressions are equal.
- Solving an equation involves finding the value of the variable that makes the equation true.
- Operations in algebra include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

**Practical Examples:**
- Solve the following equation for x: 2x + 5 = 13.
  - Subtract 5 from both sides: 2x = 8.
  - Divide both sides by 2: x = 4.

Section 3: Geometry

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- Geometry involves working with points, lines, angles, and shapes.
- A point is a location in space.
- A line is a path that extends infinitely in both directions.
- An angle is the measure of the turn between two lines.
- A shape is a collection of points, lines, and angles that form a closed figure.

**Practical Examples:**
- Measure the perimeter and area of a rectangle using the formula: Perimeter = 2(Length + Width), Area = Length x Width.
- Use the Pythagorean theorem to find the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle: c^2 = a^2 + b^2, where c is the length of the hypotenuse, and a and b are the lengths of the other two sides.

Section 4: Statistics

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- Statistics involves collecting, organizing, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting data.
- Data is information that is collected for analysis.
- Measures of central tendency include the mean, median, and mode.
- Measures of variability include the range, variance, and standard deviation.

**Practical Examples:**
- Calculate the mean, median, and mode of a dataset using Excel or a calculator.
- Use regression analysis to predict future trends based on historical data.

Glossary:
- Algebra: the branch of mathematics that deals with the manipulation and solution of equations.
- Geometry: the branch of mathematics that deals with the properties and relationships of points, lines, angles, and shapes.
- Statistics: the branch of mathematics that deals with the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.

Conclusion:
Mathematics is a powerful tool that can be used to solve problems and make informed decisions. By understanding the basics of algebra, geometry, and statistics, we can apply these concepts to real-world scenarios and gain valuable insights.


text: - S1 | Ep5. A Night of Possibilities. - Air Date: 10/17/07. - Chuck puts romantic plans on hold for dinner with Ryan; Kelly decides to let her hair down for a night of clubbing with Montana; carpooling with Marsh nearly drives Gary crazy.. Also Available Online MoreHide. Also Available on TV MoreHide. - Available Now. - Upcoming TV Listings

textbook:
## Lesson: Finding Information Online
### Introduction
In today's digital age, finding information online is a crucial skill that everyone needs to know. Whether you are researching for a project or just trying to find out more about a topic that interests you, knowing how to navigate the internet can save you time and effort. In this lesson, we will cover the basics of finding information online, including how to use search engines, evaluate sources, and stay safe while browsing.
### Section 1: Using Search Engines
Search engines like Google, Bing, and Yahoo are powerful tools that can help you find information quickly and easily. However, not all searches are created equal. Here are some tips for using search engines effectively:
- Use specific keywords: When searching for information, try to use specific keywords that will help narrow down your results. For example, if you are looking for information about a certain topic, try using keywords related to that topic (e.g. "climate change" instead of just "environment").
- Use quotation marks: If you want to find an exact phrase, use quotation marks around it. This will help ensure that the results you get contain the exact words you are looking for.
- Use filters: Many search engines allow you to filter your results by relevance, date, and other factors. Use these filters to help refine your search and find the most relevant information.
- Use advanced search options: Most search engines offer advanced search options that allow you to specify certain criteria (such as language, file type, and location) to help narrow down your results.
### Section 2: Evaluating Sources
Once you have found some information, it's important to evaluate the sources to make sure they are reliable and credible. Here are some tips for evaluating sources:
- Look for authorship: Who wrote the information? Is the author an expert on the subject matter?
- Check for citations: Does the information cite any sources or provide evidence to support its claims?
- Check for accuracy: Are there any errors or inconsistencies in the information?
- Check for objectivity: Is the information presented in an objective or subjective manner?
- Check for currency: Is the information up-to-date or outdated?
### Section 3: Staying Safe Online
Finally, it's important to remember to stay safe while browsing the internet. Here are some tips for staying safe online:
- Use strong passwords: Use unique, complex passwords for each of your accounts to help prevent unauthorized access.
- Be wary of phishing scams: Be careful when clicking on links or downloading attachments from unknown sources, as they may contain malware or lead to phishing scams.
- Use anti-virus software: Install and regularly update anti-virus software to help protect your computer from viruses and other malware.
- Use a VPN: Use a virtual private network (VPN) to encrypt your internet traffic and help protect your privacy.
### Conclusion
Finding information online can be a valuable skill that helps you learn more about the world around you. By using search engines effectively, evaluating sources, and staying safe while browsing, you can become a savvy online researcher. Remember to always think critically and question the information you find, and you'll be well on your way to becoming an expert at finding information online.


text: If you would like to schedule a party, discuss career opportunities at Norwex, or have any questions about our products, I invite you to send me a message with the form on the right.. Well where do I start.... I am a full time Nurse at Munson Surgical Services in Grayling Michigan. I am originally from London, England and have lived in the USA for 16 years. I am a single mother of a beautiful 8 year old daughter and she is the reason I got involved in Norwex and became an Independant Norwex Consultant. I fell in love with the chemical free products and ideas that Norwex had to turn our homes into safe havens. I never thought a cloth and water could clean my whole home.... but was I wrong. I love selling Norwex and helping educate others on these amazing products.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Norwex Products

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Norwex is a company that produces a variety of household products that are designed to make your home cleaner and more environmentally friendly. These products are made from natural materials and are free from harmful chemicals. In this lesson, we will learn about the different types of Norwex products and how they work.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
Let's start by looking at some of the most popular Norwex products. The Norwex Microfiber Cloth is designed to be used with water and a little bit of detergent to clean surfaces all around your home. The cloth is made from a special type of microfiber that traps dirt and dust, making it easy to clean your home without using harsh chemicals.

The Norwex Dusting Mitt is another popular product. It is designed to be used with the Norwex Air Purifier to remove dust and allergens from the air. The mitt is made from a special type of material that traps dust and allergens, making it easy to clean your home without causing any harm to your lungs.

Finally, the Norwex Bath Mitt is designed to be used in the shower or bathtub to clean your skin without using harsh chemicals. The mitt is made from a special type of material that is soft and gentle on your skin, but tough enough to remove dirt and grime.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Now let's look at some real-world scenarios where Norwex products can be used. Imagine that you have a new baby in your home. You want to make sure that your home is as clean as possible to protect your baby from germs and allergens. You can use the Norwex Microfiber Cloth to clean all of the surfaces in your home, including the high chair and the changing table. You can also use the Norwex Dusting Mitt to remove dust and allergens from the air, making your home a safer place for your baby.

Another scenario is that you have pets in your home. You want to make sure that your home is clean and free from pet hair and dander. You can use the Norwex Microfiber Cloth to clean all of the surfaces in your home, including your furniture and carpets. You can also use the Norwex Dusting Mitt to remove dust and allergens from the air, making your home a safer place for your pets.

## Glossary
- Microfiber: A type of fiber that is smaller than a human hair, making it very effective at trapping dirt and dust.
- Dusting Mitt: A special type of glove that is designed to trap dust and allergens when used with the Norwex Air Purifier.
- Air Purifier: A device that removes dust and allergens from the air, making your home a safer and healthier place to live.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about the different types of Norwex products and how they work. We also looked at real-world scenarios where these products can be used to make our homes cleaner and safer. By using these products, we can protect ourselves and our families from harmful chemicals and allergens.


text: Hartsfield–Jackson Area Warehouse Reaches Full Occupancy. - May 14, 2015. Two new tenants.. “When we acquired this property it was 71% leased,” said Steve Rowley, vice president of Leasing for Liberty’s Atlanta region. “Bringing it to 100% occupancy is a big win for our team.” In the first quarter of 2015, Liberty has closed six lease agreements totaling more than 386,466 square feet across the Atlanta region.. The property features 22 external loading docks, ESFR sprinklers, air conditioning, and more than 200 surface parking spaces with room for trailer parking. Represented by Senior Vice President Darren Ross of Colliers International in Atlanta, UPS Supply Chain Solutions, Inc. signed a lease for 32,000 square feet and moved into its new location in mid-March. Southwest Surplus, Inc. signed a lease for 48,000 square feet of space and occupied it in April. The new tenants share the building with three companies: Southwest Airlines, 1-800 Pack Rat and Attwood Corporation.. Image source: Google Maps

textbook:
Lesson: Real Estate Leasing

Introduction:
Real estate leasing is the process of renting property for a specified period and purpose. This lesson will cover the basics of real estate leasing, including the benefits, types of leases, and the leasing process.

Benefits of Real Estate Leasing:

1. Flexibility: Leasing provides flexibility in terms of the length of the lease, the size of the property, and the ability to move or expand operations as needed.

2. Lower Costs: Leasing can be more cost-effective than purchasing property, as it eliminates the need for large upfront investments and ongoing maintenance expenses.

3. Tax Benefits: Leasing payments are often tax-deductible, which can help reduce overall costs and increase cash flow.

Types of Leases:

1. Gross Lease: The landlord pays all operating expenses, including taxes, insurance, and maintenance, while the tenant pays a flat rental fee.

2. Net Lease: The tenant pays a portion or all of the operating expenses in addition to the base rent.

3. Modified Gross Lease: The landlord pays a portion of the operating expenses, and the tenant pays the rest.

The Leasing Process:

1. Market Research: Conduct market research to determine the appropriate location, size, and price range for your business.

2. Negotiate Terms: Once you have identified a suitable property, negotiate the terms of the lease with the landlord, including the length of the lease, the rent, and any necessary improvements or renovations.

3. Review the Lease: Carefully review the lease agreement to ensure that it includes all necessary provisions and that you understand all of the terms and conditions.

Conclusion:

Real estate leasing can provide significant benefits for businesses, including flexibility, lower costs, and tax advantages. By understanding the different types of leases and the leasing process, you can make an informed decision about whether leasing is the right option for your business.


text: A Model from CREATIVE PARK - Canon. A bulldozer is a construction vehicle that can use its front blade to level ground or its rear ripper to scrape earth and sand and to break up rocks. Categorized as a large bulldozer, the D155AX-6 is used in projects such as civil engineering works and quarrying sites. While a traditional bulldozer blade has a gently curved surface, the Sigma-Blade developed for this model has a profile that resembles the Greek letter sigma when viewed from above. Since it excavates from the central area of the blade, the D155AX-6 is more efficient than other bulldozers.. {mosgoogle}

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Bulldozers

**Introduction**

A bulldozer is a powerful machine used in construction and mining industries to move earth and other materials. In this lesson, we will learn about the different parts of a bulldozer, how they work, and their applications.

**Section 1: Understanding the Parts of a Bulldozer**

A bulldozer has several parts that work together to move earth and other materials. These parts include:

- Blade: The blade is the part of the bulldozer that scrapes the ground. It is usually made of heavy steel and is attached to the front of the machine.
- Ripper: The ripper is a sharp, pointed tool that is used to break up rocks and other hard materials. It is attached to the rear of the bulldozer.
- Tracks: Tracks are wide, continuous bands of rubber that wrap around the wheels of the bulldozer. They provide a large contact area with the ground, which allows the machine to move easily over rough terrain.
- Engine: The engine is the power source of the bulldozer. It provides the energy needed to run the machine's hydraulic system, which controls the movement of the blade and ripper.

**Section 2: How Bulldozers Work**

Bulldozers work by using hydraulics to move the blade and ripper. When the operator sits in the cab of the bulldozer, they can control the movement of the blade and ripper using levers and pedals. The hydraulic system pumps fluid to the appropriate parts of the machine, allowing the operator to move the blade and ripper as needed.

The tracks on the bulldozer provide traction, allowing the machine to move easily over rough terrain. The ripper is used to break up rocks and other hard materials, while the blade is used to level the ground.

**Section 3: Applications of Bulldozers**

Bulldozers are used in a variety of industries, including construction, mining, and agriculture. They are commonly used to move earth and other materials, level ground, and break up rocks. Some of the specific applications of bulldozers include:

- Construction: Bulldozers are used to level ground for building foundations, move earth during excavation, and clear debris from construction sites.
- Mining: In mining operations, bulldozers are used to move earth and rock, and to clear paths for mining equipment.
- Agriculture: Farmers may use bulldozers to move earth, clear land, and build irrigation channels.

**Glossary**

- Blade: The front part of the bulldozer that is used to scrape the ground.
- Ripper: A sharp, pointed tool attached to the rear of the bulldozer that is used to break up rocks and other hard materials.
- Tracks: Wide, continuous bands of rubber that wrap around the wheels of the bulldozer, providing a large contact area with the ground.
- Hydraulics: The system that controls the movement of the blade and ripper on the bulldozer.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, bulldozers are powerful machines that are used in construction, mining, and agriculture to move earth and other materials. By understanding the different parts of a bulldozer, how they work, and their applications, we can appreciate the importance of these machines in our daily lives.


text:
Should violent offenders be forced to undergo neurotechnological treatment? A critical discussion of the 'freedom of thought' objection.
In this paper we examine one reason for rejecting the view that violent offenders should be forced to undergo neurotechnological treatments (NTs) involving such therapies as psychoactive medication to curb violent behaviour. The reason is based on the concern that forced treatment violates the offender's right to freedom of thought. We argue that this objection can be challenged. First, we present some specifications of what a right to freedom of thought might mean. We focus on the recently published views of Jared Craig, and Jan Cristopher Bublitz and Reinhard Merkel. Second, we argue that forcing violent offenders to undergo certain kinds of NTs may not violate the offender's right to freedom of thought as that right is specified by Craig, and Bublitz and Merkel. Third, even if non-consensual NT is used in a way that does violate freedom of thought, such use can be difficult to abandon without inconsistency. For if one is not an abolitionist, and therefore accepts traditional state punishments for violent offenders like imprisonment-which, the evidence shows, often violate the offender's right to freedom of thought-then, it is argued, one will have reason to accept that violent offenders can legitimately be forced to undergo NT even if doing so denies them the right to freedom of thought.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Neurotechnology

## Section 1: What is Neurotechnology?
Neurotechnology refers to the use of technology to study, measure, and manipulate the brain and its functions. It is an interdisciplinary field that combines neuroscience, computer science, and engineering to develop devices and techniques that can help us understand how the brain works and improve our lives.

## Section 2: Why is Neurotechnology Important?
Neurotechnology is important because it has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of the brain and its functions. By studying the brain, we can learn more about how we think, feel, and behave. This knowledge can be used to develop new treatments for neurological disorders, improve our ability to communicate with others, and enhance our cognitive abilities.

## Section 3: How does Neurotechnology work?
Neurotechnology works by using a variety of techniques to study the brain. These techniques include electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). These techniques allow scientists to measure brain activity, identify areas of the brain responsible for specific functions, and monitor changes in brain function over time.

## Section 4: Applications of Neurotechnology
Neurotechnology has many applications, including:

1. Treatment of neurological disorders: Neurotechnology can be used to develop new treatments for conditions such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy.

2. Brain-computer interfaces: Neurotechnology can be used to develop brain-computer interfaces that allow people to control computers and other devices using their thoughts.

3. Enhancing cognitive abilities: Neurotechnology can be used to enhance cognitive abilities such as memory, attention, and problem-solving skills.

4. Improving communication: Neurotechnology can be used to develop devices that allow people who are unable to speak to communicate using their thoughts.

## Section 5: Conclusion
Neurotechnology is an exciting and rapidly developing field that has the potential to transform our understanding of the brain and improve our lives in many ways. As we continue to learn more about the brain, we will undoubtedly uncover new possibilities for using neurotechnology to enhance our cognitive abilities, treat neurological disorders, and improve our ability to communicate with others.


text: Raw-material bull market fading as supply expands By Maria Kolesnikova, Bloomberg | April 2, 2013 At a time when U.S. equities are trading near a record and the dollar is having its best start in three years, commodities will finish this quarter little changed from where they were at the end of 2012.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Commodity Markets

**Section 1: What are Commodity Markets?**

Commodity markets are financial markets where raw or primary products are traded. These products are often referred to as "softs" or "agricultural products." Some common examples include wheat, corn, soybeans, coffee, sugar, and cotton.

**Section 2: How do Commodity Markets Work?**

In commodity markets, buyers and sellers come together to purchase and sell specific quantities of a particular commodity at a specified price. This is done through an exchange, which acts as a middleman between the two parties. The exchange sets the rules and regulations for trading, and also provides a standardized contract that outlines the details of the transaction.

**Section 3: Why do Commodity Markets Matter?**

Commodity markets are important because they help to ensure that there is enough food, fuel, and other essential goods available to meet the needs of people around the world. They also provide a way for farmers and producers to sell their products at a fair price, and for consumers to purchase these products at a reasonable cost.

**Section 4: The Role of Supply and Demand**

Like any market, the price of commodities is determined by the relationship between supply and demand. When demand for a particular commodity is high, the price tends to rise. Conversely, when supply is high and demand is low, the price tends to fall.

**Section 5: Practical Examples**

One example of how supply and demand can affect the price of a commodity is the recent increase in the price of coffee. This was due to a combination of factors, including droughts in Brazil and Colombia, which reduced the supply of coffee beans, and increased demand from countries like China and India.

**Section 6: Critical Thinking Questions**

1. How does the weather affect the supply of commodities?
2. Why do some commodities have more volatile prices than others?
3. How does the government regulate commodity markets?

**Glossary**
- Commodity: A raw or primary product that is traded on a commodity market.
- Exchange: An organization that provides a marketplace for buyers and sellers to trade commodities.
- Standardized contract: A legal document that outlines the terms and conditions of a commodity transaction.

**Conclusion**

Understanding commodity markets is important for anyone who wants to make informed decisions about investing, buying and selling goods, or simply staying up-to-date on current events. By learning about the factors that influence supply and demand, and how commodity markets work, you can gain a better understanding of how the world economy operates.


text: Prerequisites: Participants should have a strong knowledge of Excel 2010, 2013 or 2016 and have an u.... We have sent your quick reference guide for creating Dashboard.. Please check your inbox to receive Your Gift.. Happy Learning !!. Receive 7 Instant Gifts when you Subscribe to my monthly Newsletter below.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Create a Dashboard in Excel

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to create a dashboard in Excel. A dashboard is a visual display of data that helps us make informed decisions quickly. It is an essential tool for businesses and individuals who need to track their performance and progress.

Section 1: Understanding Dashboards

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- A dashboard is a collection of visualizations that provide insights into a particular dataset.
- It is typically used to monitor key performance indicators (KPIs) and trends over time.
- Dashboards can be created using various tools, including Excel, Power BI, Tableau, and Google Sheets.

**Practical Examples:**
- Let's say you are a sales manager who wants to track the sales performance of your team. You can create a dashboard that shows the total sales revenue, the number of sales closed, and the number of leads generated.
- Another example is a project manager who wants to monitor the progress of a project. They can create a dashboard that shows the percentage of tasks completed, the remaining time, and the budget utilization.

Section 2: Creating a Dashboard in Excel

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- To create a dashboard in Excel, you need to know how to use Excel's charting tools.
- You also need to understand the basics of data visualization, such as choosing the right chart type and formatting options.

**Practical Examples:**
- Open a new Excel workbook and enter your data.
- Select the data and click on the "Insert" tab in the ribbon.
- Choose the chart type that best represents your data (e.g., line chart, bar chart, pie chart).
- Customize the chart by adding titles, labels, and colors.
- Once you have created your charts, arrange them in a visually appealing way.

Section 3: Adding Interactivity to Your Dashboard

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- You can add interactivity to your dashboard by using Excel's conditional formatting and data validation features.
- You can also use Excel's built-in filters to allow users to drill down into the data and explore it in more detail.

**Practical Examples:**
- Use conditional formatting to highlight values that fall outside a certain range or meet specific criteria.
- Use data validation to restrict the user's input to a specific set of values or ranges.
- Add filters to your charts to allow users to filter the data based on specific criteria.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to create a dashboard in Excel, including the theoretical concepts and practical examples. We also learned how to add interactivity to our dashboards using Excel's conditional formatting, data validation, and filtering features. By following these steps, we can create powerful visualizations that help us make informed decisions quickly.


text: $6.95 Postage Australia Wide. Peppermint Tisane should be a staple in every pantry! It's known to have numerous healing qualities such as aiding with concentration, relaxation and it calms an upset stomach! This cool and delicious Tisane is refreshing in any weather and every sip helps you breath a little easier.. Medicinal Benefits. Peppermint tea is known for a number of health boosting properties, but the benefits it's most popular for are it's cooling effect of menthols that have been known to aid in breaking a fever and the fact that it's a carminative herb. This means it helps to move gas through the body as it accumulates, rather than causing bloating, cramping, and other stomach discomforts.. Tastes Like. lightly sweet, cool minty tones, soft herbal aroma. Ingredients. Organic peppermint leaves. Caffeine Free. 40g serves up to 60 cups of tea (based on 0.5g dose)

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Nutrition Labels

Introduction:
Food labels provide important information about the food we eat. They help us make informed choices about what we eat and ensure that we get the nutrients our bodies need. In this lesson, we will learn about the different parts of a food label and how to read them.

Section 1: Understanding the Basics

**Topic 1:** What is a Nutrition Facts Panel?
A nutrition facts panel is a list of information found on most packaged foods. It tells you about the serving size, number of servings per container, and the amount of calories and nutrients in each serving.

**Topic 2:** What is a Serving Size?
The serving size is the amount of food that is used to calculate the rest of the nutrition information on the label. It is usually listed in grams or milliliters, but can also be listed as pieces or units.

**Topic 3:** What is an Example of a Serving Size?
An example of a serving size would be one slice of bread or one cup of rice.

Section 2: Understanding the Label

**Topic 1:** Calories
Calories are a measure of the energy that food provides. The number of calories listed on the label is for one serving size.

**Topic 2:** Fat
Fat is an important part of our diet, but too much can be unhealthy. The label lists the amount of total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol in the food.

**Topic 3:** Sodium
Sodium is a mineral that is found in many foods. Too much sodium can lead to high blood pressure. The label lists the amount of sodium in the food.

**Topic 4:** Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy. The label lists the amount of total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and sugar in the food.

**Topic 5:** Protein
Protein is an important nutrient that helps build and repair tissues. The label lists the amount of protein in the food.

Section 3: Reading the Label

Now that we understand the basics of a nutrition label, let's put it all together. Let's say we are looking at the label for a cereal box. We see that one serving size is 1 cup, and there are 3 servings per container. The label lists the following information:

- Calories: 120 per serving
- Fat: 1g saturated fat, 0g trans fat, and 0mg cholesterol
- Sodium: 180mg
- Carbohydrates: 27g, with 5g of fiber and 10g of sugar
- Protein: 3g

Conclusion:
Understanding nutrition labels is an important skill for making healthy food choices. By reading the label, we can make informed decisions about what we eat and ensure that we are getting the nutrients our bodies need.

Glossary:
- Serving size: The amount of food that is used to calculate the rest of the nutrition information on the label.
- Calories: A measure of the energy that food provides.
- Fat: An important part of our diet, but too much can be unhealthy.
- Sodium: A mineral that is found in many foods, too much can lead to high blood pressure.
- Carbohydrates: The body's main source of energy.
- Protein: An important nutrient that helps build and repair tissues.


text: Clinical Features. Clinically, one sees erythema and waxy scale in the skin folds and hair-bearing areas of the face, scalp, chest, and groin. Common sites of involvement include the scalp, the pinna of the ear, the posterior auricular sulcus, the eyebrows, and the alar grooves of the nose. Itching is quite variable but usually mild. Any age may be affected but the elderly and debilitated are more likely to have extensive involvement. In newborns, seborrheic dermatitis is often referred to as cradle cap. Extensive seborrheic dermatitis that is poorly responsive to treatment may be seen in association with H.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Seborrheic Dermatitis

Introduction:
Seborrheic dermatitis is a common skin condition that affects people of all ages. It causes flaky, itchy skin and scaly patches, especially on the scalp, face, and chest. In this lesson, we will learn about the clinical features of seborrheic dermatitis, its common sites of involvement, and how to treat it.

Section 1: Clinical Features
- Erythema: Redness of the skin
- Waxy scale: Scaly patches on the skin
- Itching: Irritation or tickling sensation on the skin
- Flaky skin: Skin that is dry and flakes off easily

Section 2: Common Sites of Involvement
- Scalp: The top of the head
- Pinna of the ear: The outer part of the ear
- Posterior auricular sulcus: A small depression behind the ear
- Eyebrows: The hairy line above the eyes
- Alar grooves of the nose: The indented area at the base of the nose

Section 3: Treatment
- Over-the-counter creams or shampoos containing antifungal or corticosteroid medications
- Prescription-strength medications for severe cases
- Maintaining a healthy lifestyle by eating a balanced diet, getting enough sleep, and managing stress

Glossary:
- Erythema: Redness of the skin
- Waxy scale: Scaly patches on the skin
- Itching: Irritation or tickling sensation on the skin
- Flaky skin: Skin that is dry and flakes off easily

Conclusion:
Seborrheic dermatitis is a common skin condition that can cause itching, redness, and scaly patches. It affects people of all ages and can be treated with over-the-counter creams or shampoos, as well as prescription-strength medications for severe cases. By maintaining a healthy lifestyle and following a proper treatment plan, you can manage your seborrheic dermatitis and keep it from coming back.


text: Many people spend their time focused on what they don't have -- on their ambitions or goals, on the money they want to earn, on the things they want to buy for themselves and their families.They focus on what they don't have, and forget to notice and give thanks for what they moreRead more

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Gratitude

**Introduction**

Gratitude is the emotion of being thankful and appreciative. It is an essential part of life that helps us appreciate the good things we have and makes us happier. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of gratitude and how it can benefit us.

**Section 1: What is Gratitude?**

Gratitude is the feeling of being thankful and appreciative. It is a positive emotion that comes from recognizing and appreciating the good things in our lives. Gratitude helps us focus on the good things we have rather than the things we lack.

**Section 2: Why is Gratitude Important?**

Gratitude is important because it can improve our mental health, relationships, and overall well-being. Here are some reasons why gratitude is essential:

1. Gratitude improves mental health: When we express gratitude, it releases feel-good hormones like serotonin and dopamine, which can help reduce stress and anxiety.

2. Gratitude strengthens relationships: When we express gratitude towards others, it can strengthen our relationships and make us feel closer to those around us.

3. Gratitude increases happiness: Studies show that people who practice gratitude are happier than those who do not.

**Section 3: How can we Practice Gratitude?**

There are many ways to practice gratitude, including:

1. Keeping a gratitude journal: Writing down things you are thankful for each day can help you focus on the good things in your life.

2. Expressing gratitude to others: Tell those around you how grateful you are for them and the things they do.

3. Practicing mindfulness: Taking a few minutes each day to focus on the present moment and appreciate what you have can help you feel more grateful.

**Glossary**

- Gratitude: The emotion of being thankful and appreciative.
- Mental health: The state of someone's emotional, psychological, and social well-being.
- Relationships: The connections and interactions between people.
- Well-being: The state of being comfortable, healthy, or happy.

**Conclusion**

Gratitude is an essential part of life that helps us appreciate the good things we have and makes us happier. By practicing gratitude, we can improve our mental health, relationships, and overall well-being. So take a few minutes each day to focus on the good things in your life and express gratitude towards others.


text:
Syrian army opens new front as Islamic State's many foes attack

BEIRUT (Reuters) - The Syrian army backed by Russian air strikes has opened a major new front against Islamic State, the third big assault on the self-proclaimed caliphate this week after Iraqi forces attempted to storm a city and a Syrian militia advanced with U.S. support.

Boys help their injured friend after an airstrike on Aleppo's rebel held al-Fardous district. REUTERS/Abdalrhman Ismail

The week’s three big offensives are some of the most aggressive campaigns against Islamic State since it declared its aim to rule over all Muslims from parts of Iraq and Syria two years ago. They signal apparent new resolve by the group’s disparate foes on a range of fronts.

Heavy Russian air strikes hit Islamic State-held territory in eastern areas of Syria’s Hama province, near the boundary of Raqqa province on Friday. Raqqa city, further east, is Islamic State’s de facto capital in Syria and, along with Mosul in Iraq, the ultimate goal of those seeking to destroy the group’s rule.

The Syrian army had advanced some 20 km (13 miles) and was now near the edge of the provincial boundary, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a group that monitors the war.

Separately, U.S.-backed militias, including a Syrian Kurdish force called the YPG and new Arab allies recruited to fight alongside it, have been pressing a multi-pronged attack against Islamic State in other parts of Raqqa province and neighboring Aleppo province.

This week, they began a push toward the city of Manbij near the Turkish border, aiming to seize the last 80-km (50-mile) stretch of Turkish-Syrian frontier under Islamic State control and cut the group’s main external link for manpower and supplies.

The U.S. military said on Friday its allies were advancing against heavy resistance from Islamic State. If successful, the Manbij campaign would free 40,000 civilians from Islamic State control.

The YPG and its Arab allies, who formed the Syria Democratic Forces (SDF) last year, have proven to be the first force in Syria allied to the United States that has been effective in fighting against Islamic State.

The SDF has taken 28 villages from Islamic State in its push toward Manbij, the Syrian Observatory said, and had freed more than a dozen women from the Yazidi minority who were taken by Islamic State fighters from Sinjar in Iraq.

U.S. President Barack Obama has authorized several hundred special forces troops to operate in Syria, some of whom are deployed as advisers in the latest advance.

The Kurdish fighters’ progress has been limited in the past by Turkey, which considers them enemies. But Ankara has signaled its tacit support for the latest advance, saying it understands most fighters involved will be Arabs, not Kurds.

Related Coverage

“RACE FOR RAQQA”

The Syrian army’s new offensive was described in a pro-Damascus Lebanese newspaper as part of “the race for Raqqa” - with the government and its Russian allies trying to advance on Islamic State’s de facto Syrian capital before it falls to the fighters allied to the Americans.

A Syrian military source played this down. Reports the offensive targeted Raqqa were only “expectations”, he said, and both Raqqa and Deir al-Zor, another Islamic State-held city in eastern Syria, were possible targets.

Syrian government warplanes killed at least 15 people in air raids on the town of al-Boulil in the eastern province of Deir al-Zor on Friday, the Syrian Observatory said, saying four women and a child were among those killed.

Whatever its ultimate target, the offensive appears to be the biggest Damascus has mounted against Islamic State since it recaptured the city of Palmyra with Russian support earlier this year. In the past, the United States has accused Assad and his Russian backers of ignoring Islamic State to take on other foes.

Islamic State’s brutal rule, featuring mass killings, forced conversions and rape, has made it the enemy of all global powers and regional countries. But five years of civil war in Syria, a feeble Iraqi state and global and sectarian rivalries among outside powers have made it impossible to coordinate a single campaign against it.

In Iraq, government troops supported both by U.S.-led coalition air strikes and Iranian-backed Shi’ite militia, poured into the southern outskirts of the Islamic State bastion Falluja on Monday. They have since held their positions for four straight days without advancing into the main built-up areas of the city.

Iraq’s finance minister acknowledged in an interview that Falluja, where the U.S. military fought the biggest battles of its own 2003-2011 occupation, was a “tough nut to crack”. The assault would go slowly to protect thousands of civilians still trapped in the city, he said.

Falluja is Islamic State’s second-largest bastion in Iraq and closest outpost to Baghdad. But the decision to mount an assault there was not in keeping with the plans of Washington, which would prefer that the Baghdad government focus on recapturing Mosul instead.

Fighting in Falluja risks the army becoming bogged down in territory inhabited by Sunni tribes long hostile to the Shi’ite-led government. However, Shi’ite militia and political parties have pressed Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi to attack the city to bring an end to suicide bombings in the capital, an hour’s drive away.

In Syria, state media said the army had made territorial gains and inflicted heavy casualties on Islamic State fighters in the Athriya area of eastern Hama province, close to the provincial border with Raqqa.

Slideshow (3 Images)

“There is progress from Athriya on two fronts, but the coming direction is not set,” the military source said, adding that it could be either Raqqa or Deir al-Zor, which is on a main route linking Islamic State’s Syrian and Iraqi territories.

The army was focused on eastern and northern areas of both Homs and Hama provinces, he said. Hama borders Raqqa province; Homs borders Deir al-Zor.

The Lebanese newspaper al-Akhbar said the first aim was to capture the town of Tabqa, site of an air base and major Islamic State arsenal some 50 km (30 miles) west of Raqqa city, and put “a foot in the area without leaving it completely to the Americans’ allies”.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to the Syrian Conflict

### Overview

In this lesson, we will learn about the Syrian conflict and the various forces involved in the fight against the Islamic State. We will cover the history of the conflict, the key players, and the impact of the war on the people of Syria. By the end of this lesson, you will have a better understanding of the complexities of the Syrian conflict and the challenges faced by those living in the region.

### Learning Objectives

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

1. Identify the key players involved in the Syrian conflict.
2. Describe the history of the Syrian conflict and the rise of the Islamic State.
3. Explain the impact of the war on the people of Syria.
4. Analyze the challenges faced by those seeking to defeat the Islamic State.

### Section 1: Introduction to the Syrian Conflict

The Syrian conflict began in 2011 as part of the Arab Spring protests. Protests against President Bashar al-Assad's government turned violent, and the government responded with force. This led to a civil war that has lasted for over ten years. The conflict has also drawn in regional and international powers, making it one of the most complex conflicts in recent history.

### Section 2: Key Players

There are several key players involved in the Syrian conflict:

1. The Syrian government, led by President Bashar al-Assad, is backed by Russia and Iran.
2. The opposition, made up of various groups, including the Free Syrian Army and the Syrian National Coalition, is supported by the United States, Turkey, and other Western countries.
3. The Islamic State, a terrorist group, controls some parts of Syria and has been targeted by both the Syrian government and opposition groups.

### Section 3: History of the Syrian Conflict and the Rise of the Islamic State

The Syrian conflict began in 2011 as part of the Arab Spring protests. Protests against President Bashar al-Assad's government turned violent, and the government responded with force. This led to a civil war that has lasted for over ten years.

The Islamic State rose to power in 2014, taking advantage of the chaos in Syria and Iraq. The group declared a caliphate and controlled large parts of both countries. The Syrian government, opposition groups, and international powers have been fighting the Islamic State since then.

### Section 4: Impact of the War on the People of Syria

The Syrian conflict has had a devastating impact on the people of Syria. Over half of the population has been displaced, either internally or as refugees in neighboring countries. The war has also caused significant damage to infrastructure, including hospitals, schools, and homes.

The conflict has also led to human rights abuses, including the use of chemical weapons, arbitrary detention, and torture. Women and children have been particularly affected by the conflict, with many experiencing gender-based violence and child labor.

### Section 5: Challenges Faced by Those Seeking to Defeat the Islamic State

There are several challenges faced by those seeking to defeat the Islamic State:

1. The Islamic State has proven to be resilient and adaptable, changing tactics and locations frequently.
2. The conflict involves multiple parties with competing interests and agendas, making it difficult to negotiate a peaceful resolution.
3. The conflict has caused significant damage to infrastructure and resources, making it difficult for those affected to rebuild their lives.

### Conclusion

The Syrian conflict is a complex and ongoing issue that has had a devastating impact on the people of Syria. Understanding the key players, history, and challenges involved in the conflict is essential for anyone seeking to understand and address the situation. By learning about the Syrian conflict, we can better understand the challenges faced by those living in the region and work towards finding a solution.


text: Description.. Directions for use. Shake well before use. Turn off UV/ozone. Use 1 capful (5 mL) for each 40 L (10 US gallons) on the first day with a new aquarium. Then use 1 capful for each 80 L (20 US gallons) daily for 7 days. Fish and other aquatic species may be introduced at any time as long as dosage is maintained for 7 days. For optimum biofilter performance use 1 capful for each 80 L (20 US gallons) once a month or with each water change and whenever introducing new fish or whenever medicating an aquarium. Product shelf life is 4 years from date of manufacture.. Stability® should ideally be used in conjunction with biological filtration such as Seachem Matrix™. For emergency ammonia control, use Seachem AmGuard™.. Brand. Seachem.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding and Using Chemicals in Aquariums

Introduction:
Chemicals are an essential part of maintaining a healthy aquarium. They help to keep the water clean, safe for fish, and free from harmful bacteria. In this lesson, we will learn about the different types of chemicals used in aquariums, their purposes, and how to use them effectively.

Section 1: Types of Chemicals Used in Aquariums

There are several types of chemicals used in aquariums, including:

1. Water conditioners: These chemicals help to remove chlorine and chloramines from tap water, making it safe for fish.
2. pH adjusters: These chemicals help to maintain the pH level of the water, which is crucial for the health of fish and other aquatic creatures.
3. Algae controllers: These chemicals help to prevent or control algae growth in the aquarium.
4. Nutrients: These chemicals provide essential nutrients for fish and other aquatic creatures.

Section 2: Purposes of Chemicals Used in Aquariums

Each type of chemical has a specific purpose in maintaining a healthy aquarium:

1. Water conditioners: These chemicals remove chlorine and chloramines from tap water, which can be toxic to fish.
2. pH adjusters: These chemicals help to maintain the pH level of the water, which is crucial for the health of fish and other aquatic creatures.
3. Algae controllers: These chemicals help to prevent or control algae growth in the aquarium, which can be unsightly and can harm fish.
4. Nutrients: These chemicals provide essential nutrients for fish and other aquatic creatures, helping them to grow and thrive.

Section 3: How to Use Chemicals in Aquariums

To use chemicals effectively in your aquarium, follow these steps:

1. Test the water regularly: Use a water test kit to check the pH level, ammonia level, and nitrite level of your aquarium water.
2. Adjust the pH level: If the pH level of your aquarium water is too high or too low, use a pH adjuster to bring it to a safe level for your fish.
3. Control algae growth: If you notice algae growing in your aquarium, use an algae controller to prevent or control its growth.
4. Provide nutrients: Feed your fish and other aquatic creatures a balanced diet that includes the necessary nutrients for their health and growth.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding and using chemicals in aquariums is essential for maintaining a healthy environment for your fish and other aquatic creatures. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can effectively use chemicals to keep your aquarium clean, safe, and free from harmful bacteria.


text:
Q:

Codeigniter join 2 tables on a pivot table

So I am trying to join Table A, and Table B by using a pivot Table C as the joining parameter. I am wondering how to do this in codeigniter. So for example
Table A has 3 fields and an ID
Table B has 3 different fields and an ID
Table C has 1 ID from Table A and 1 ID from Table B joining them.
Now normally a join in codeigniter would be
$this->db->select('*');
$this->db->from('tableA');
$this->db->join('tableB', 'tableB.ID = tableA.tableBID');

This works, when Table B and Table A have a common ID to join, but when the only way to get to Table B is through Table C I do not know how to do it from CI. Any ideas?

A:

If you the common ID in Table A can be found in table C then you can join Table A to C first then join Table C to B.
$this->db->select('*');
$this->db->from('tableA');
$this->db->join('tableC', 'tableC.ID = tableA.tableBID');
$this->db->join('tableB', 'tableB.ID = tableC.tableBID');

textbook:
Lesson: Joining Tables in CodeIgniter

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to join two tables in CodeIgniter using a pivot table. We will use a sample database with three tables: Table A, Table B, and Table C.

Table A has three fields: ID, Field1, and Field2.
Table B has three fields: ID, Field3, and Field4.
Table C has two fields: ID (from Table A) and ID (from Table B).

Objective:
The objective of this lesson is to learn how to join Table A and Table B using Table C as the joining parameter.

Prerequisites:
You should have a basic understanding of SQL and CodeIgniter.

Instructions:
1. Create a new controller and view in CodeIgniter.
2. Load the database library in the controller.
3. Define the tables and fields in the model.
4. Use the join method to join Table A and Table B using Table C.
5. Retrieve the data from the joined tables.
6. Display the data in the view.

Example:

// Model
$this->load->database();

class Join_tables extends CI_Model {
  public function __construct() {
    parent::__construct();
  }

  public function join_tables() {
    $this->db->select('TableA.ID, TableA.Field1, TableA.Field2, TableB.ID, TableB.Field3, TableB.Field4, TableC.ID');
    $this->db->from('TableA');
    $this->db->join('TableB', 'TableB.ID = TableC.ID');
    $this->db->join('TableC', 'TableC.ID = TableA.ID');

    $query = $this->db->get();
    return $query->result_array();
  }
}

// Controller
class Join_tables_controller extends CI_Controller {
  public function index() {
    $this->load->model('Join_tables');
    $data['tables'] = $this->Join_tables->join_tables();
    $this->load->view('join_tables_view', $data);
  }
}

// View

  <title>Join Tables</title>

  <?php foreach ($tables as $table): ?>
    <?php echo $table['ID'].", ".$table['Field1'].", ".$table['Field2']; ?>

    <?php echo $table['ID'].", ".$table['Field3'].", ".$table['Field4']; ?>

    <?php echo $table['ID'].", ".$table['ID']; ?>

  <?php endforeach; ?>

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to join two tables in CodeIgniter using a pivot table. We used a sample database with three tables: Table A, Table B, and Table C. We defined the tables and fields in the model, used the join method to join Table A and Table B using Table C as the joining parameter, retrieved the data from the joined tables, and displayed the data in the view.


text:
            IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS
                        OF TEXAS
                               NOS. WR-73,697-06, -07, -08 & -09

                      EX PARTE RAUL DAVID JACKSON, Applicant

           ON APPLICATIONS FOR A WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS
 CAUSE NOS. W06-00448-K(B), W06-00445-K(B), W06-00450-K(B) & W06-00453-K(B)
                  IN CRIMINAL DISTRICT COURT NO. 4
                         FROM DALLAS COUNTY

       Per curiam.

                                            ORDER

       Pursuant to the provisions of Article 11.07 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, the

clerk of the trial court transmitted to this Court these applications for a writ of habeas corpus. Ex

parte Young, 418 S.W.2d 824, 826 (Tex. Crim. App. 1967). Applicant was convicted of one count

of possession with the intent to deliver a controlled substance and three counts of delivery of a

controlled substance. He was sentenced to imprisonment for forty-five, thirty, twenty-five, and

twenty years. The Fifth Court of Appeals affirmed his convictions. Jackson v. State, Nos. 05-10-

01190-CR, 05-10-01191-CR, 05-10-01192-CR & 05-10-01193-CR (Tex. App.—Dallas Mar. 22,

2012) (not designated for publication).
                                                                               2

       On November 26, 2014, the trial court entered timely orders designating issues. The District

Clerk then forwarded these applications to this Court because the trial court had not made findings

of fact and conclusions of law within 181 days of the State’s receipt of these applications. TEX . R.

APP . P. 73.4(b)(5). We remand these applications so the trial court can complete an evidentiary

investigation and enter findings of fact and conclusions of law.

       These applications will be held in abeyance until the trial court has resolved the fact issues.

The issues shall be resolved within 90 days of this order. A supplemental transcript containing all

affidavits and interrogatories or the transcription of the court reporter’s notes from any hearing or

deposition, along with the trial court’s supplemental findings of fact and conclusions of law, shall

be forwarded to this Court within 120 days of the date of this order. The plea papers in the causes,

as originally indicted, shall also be forwarded with the supplemental record. Any extensions of time

shall be obtained from this Court.

Filed: May 20, 2015
Do not publish

textbook:
# Lesson: Introduction to Criminal Appeals

In this lesson, we will learn about criminal appeals and their significance in the legal system. We will cover the following topics:

1. What is a criminal appeal?
2. Why are criminal appeals important?
3. How do criminal appeals work?

**Section 1: What is a criminal appeal?**

A criminal appeal is a process by which a person who has been convicted of a crime can ask a higher court to review their case. The purpose of a criminal appeal is to ensure that the law is applied fairly and correctly. If a person believes that there were errors made during their trial, they can ask the appeals court to review the record of the trial and decide whether the original verdict should be changed.

**Section 2: Why are criminal appeals important?**

Criminal appeals are important because they help to maintain the integrity of the legal system. When a person is convicted of a crime, they are often facing serious consequences such as imprisonment or fines. If there were mistakes made during the trial, it is essential that these mistakes are corrected so that justice can be served. Additionally, criminal appeals help to ensure that the law is applied consistently across all cases.

**Section 3: How do criminal appeals work?**

Criminal appeals work by allowing the convicted person to file an appeal with a higher court. This appeal is then reviewed by a panel of judges who will consider the evidence presented at the trial and any legal arguments made by both sides. The appeals court may choose to uphold the original verdict, overturn it, or order a new trial.

**Glossary:**

- **Appeal:** A request made by a person who has been convicted of a crime to have their case reviewed by a higher court.
- **Conviction:** A decision made by a jury or judge that a person is guilty of committing a crime.
- **Integrity:** The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles.
- **Judge:** A person who presides over a court of law and makes decisions on points of law.
- **Jury:** A group of people chosen to hear evidence and make a decision on a case.
- **Law:** A set of rules that govern behavior and control the actions of people within a certain country or area.
- **Legal system:** The set of organizations, practices, and institutions that administer justice in a country or region.
- **Verdict:** The decision made by a jury or judge after hearing evidence in a case.

**Conclusion:**

In this lesson, we have learned about criminal appeals and their importance in the legal system. We have covered what they are, why they are important, and how they work. By understanding the basics of criminal appeals, we can better appreciate the role they play in ensuring that justice is served fairly and correctly.


text: Six secrets to Shea butter... Shea butter is a miracle product – if you get the right one!. 1 – The colour – Shea butter can be Ivory, off white or any shade of yellow (it is not pure white or brown) there are many myths around this question especially yellow Shea Butter because many companies add the root of the Shea tree as a ‘filler’ these roots are yellow and have no healing qualities but if the root is not cleaned properly, you can end up with bugs and dirt in your Shea butter. Be careful to choose wisely.. To continue to read the full story:

textbook:
Lesson: How to Choose the Right Shea Butter

### Section 1: Introduction

Shea butter is a popular natural product that has been used for centuries for its moisturizing and healing properties. However, not all Shea butter is created equal, and choosing the right one can be a challenge. In this lesson, we will learn six secrets to selecting the best Shea butter for your needs.

### Section 2: The Six Secrets

1. Color - Shea butter can come in different colors, including ivory, off-white, and yellow. It should not be pure white or brown. Some companies may add fillers, such as the root of the Shea tree, which can affect the color and quality of the butter.

2. Consistency - Good Shea butter should be smooth and creamy, without any lumps or impurities. If it looks grainy or has an unusual texture, it may not be of good quality.

3. Smell - High-quality Shea butter should have a pleasant, nutty aroma. If it smells rancid or off, it may be old or of poor quality.

4. Origin - Shea butter from West Africa is generally considered to be of higher quality than that from other regions. Look for products that are certified organic and fair trade, as these are more likely to be sustainably sourced and of good quality.

5. Ingredients - Avoid products that contain added chemicals or preservatives. The best Shea butter should be made from just two ingredients: Shea nuts and water.

6. Price - High-quality Shea butter can be expensive, but it is worth the investment. Cheap products may not be of good quality and may not have the desired effects.

### Section 3: Practical Examples

Let's say you are looking to buy Shea butter to use as a moisturizer for your skin. You should look for a product that is smooth and creamy, with a pleasant nutty smell. It should be made from just Shea nuts and water, and ideally, it should come from West Africa. You should also check the price to ensure that you are getting a good deal.

On the other hand, if you are looking to buy Shea butter to use as a hair conditioner, you should look for a product that is thick and sticky, rather than smooth and creamy. This will help to lock in moisture and prevent hair breakage.

### Section 4: Glossary

- Shea butter: A natural product made from the nuts of the Shea tree, known for its moisturizing and healing properties.
- Fillers: Substances added to products to increase volume or weight, but which may have no beneficial effects.
- Consistency: The texture or viscosity of a substance.
- Lumps: Uneven pieces or clumps of material.
- Rancid: Having an unpleasant, musty odor caused by the breakdown of fats or oils.
- Organic: Produced without the use of synthetic chemicals or pesticides.
- Fair trade: A system that ensures that producers are paid a fair price for their products.

### Section 5: Conclusion

By following these six secrets, you can choose the best Shea butter for your needs. Remember to look for a product that is smooth and creamy, with a pleasant nutty smell, and ideally, comes from West Africa. Avoid products that contain fillers or chemicals, and be prepared to pay a little more for high-quality products. With these tips in mind, you can enjoy the benefits of Shea butter for years to come.