text:
Pricing Formula for Jewelry Pieces

Editor’s Note: Pricing jewelry pieces is one of the most challenging things jewelry designers must do. Price a piece too low and you may not cover your costs. Price it too high and no one may ever buy it. In this new occasional series, we ask jewelers to identify a piece they made and break down how they arrived at the final price.

Jeweler Jo Haemer breaks down her Pricing Formula for Jewelry Pieces

The necklace was commissioned by a private collector of our work. She had seen the chalcedony flowers laid out on Tim’s bench with a rough sketch a year or so ago and had admired them. When she recently stopped in to pick up a repair and order earrings for her stepdaughter, she asked if we had done anything with them. Tim took the hint, finishing the layout and sourcing the additional stones needed to complete the piece.

Ganoksin is sponsored by

Gemstones

Tim purchased the carved chalcedony flowers about two years ago. They cost $260 in all. For this piece, he marked them up 2.5 to $650. We normally double our costs, but we added another half percent because we knew that we got them for a bargain. We try to factor in replacement costs of materials regardless of what they initially cost us.

We’ve had some of the sapphires for so long that we couldn’t replace them for what we paid for them, so we charged current prices. The sapphires are 2 ctw, and, after consulting with a local colored stone supplier on current prices, we charged $550 per carat.

The diamonds are 0.57 ctw, and we charged $1,300 per carat, which is keystone our cost.

Metal

The 18k white gold for the flowers and the chalcedony settings weighed 18 dwts. For metals, we charge keystone of our cost at that day’s price. For this piece, we charged $120 per dwt.

Ganoksin is sponsored by

In addition to the 18k, we purchased an 18k white gold wheat chain for $425, and charged $850.

Labor

The labor charge was $2,950, which included all of the labor. We did not charge a design fee because we had cart blanche on the design, so Tim made up the design as he went. Normally we charge $75 per hour for both design and bench labor for gold. For platinum, we charge $100 per hour because it is more labor intensive.

Total Price: $8,450

In association with

The award-winning Journal is published monthly by MJSA, the trade association for professional jewelry makers, designers, and related suppliers. It offers design ideas, fabrication and production techniques, bench tips, business and marketing insights, and trend and technology updates—the information crucial for business success. "More than other publications, MJSA Journal is oriented toward people like me: those trying to earn a living by designing and making jewelry," says Jim Binnion of James Binnion Metal Arts.

textbook:
Lesson: Pricing Formula for Jewelry Pieces

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the pricing formula for jewelry pieces. We will explore the different factors that go into pricing a piece of jewelry and how to arrive at the final price.

Section 1: Understanding the Pricing Formula

Topic 1: Cost of Materials
The first step in pricing a jewelry piece is to determine the cost of materials used. This includes the cost of the gemstones, metals, and other materials used in the piece.

Topic 2: Labor Costs
Labor costs are another important factor in pricing a jewelry piece. This includes the time and skill required to create the piece, as well as the cost of any labor used in the manufacturing process.

Topic 3: Markup
A markup is added to the cost of materials and labor to determine the final price of the jewelry piece. This markup is typically between 100% and 200%, depending on the quality and rarity of the materials used.

Section 2: Practical Examples

Example 1: A simple ring made of sterling silver and featuring a small gemstone.

Cost of materials: $20 (sterling silver, gemstone)
Labor costs: $50 (1 hour of labor)
Markup: 100%
Final price: $70

Example 2: A complex necklace made of gold and featuring multiple gemstones.

Cost of materials: $500 (gold, gemstones)
Labor costs: $300 (5 hours of labor)
Markup: 150%
Final price: $950

Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions

Discussion 1: What if the cost of materials is higher than the final price?
Answer: In this case, the jeweler would need to adjust the markup to cover the cost of materials.

Discussion 2: How does the quality of materials affect the pricing?
Answer: Higher quality materials typically result in a higher markup, as the value of the piece is increased.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the pricing formula for jewelry pieces. We explored the different factors that go into pricing a piece of jewelry and how to arrive at the final price. By understanding these factors, we can make informed decisions about pricing our own jewelry pieces.


text: The generous students of Scoil Mhuire opened their hearts and filled shoeboxes to the brim with generous gifts for children around the world whom they have never met. Since Team Hope’s Christmas Shoebox appeal began, over three million children in twenty four countries have received a shoebox gift. The recipients of these special gifts are children who are the victims of war, disease or poverty. They are living on the fringes of society, in some of the poorest countries in the world. We are very proud of our own students who put together these shoeboxes to spread some joy into the hearts of children they have never met. Well done to you all and a special thank you to Ms. Daly for organsing this worthwhile cause..

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Giving Back

**Introduction**

In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of giving back to others, especially those who are less fortunate than us. We will explore the concept of charity and why it is essential to help others in need.

**Main Topic**

1. What is Charity?

Charity is the act of giving money, time, or resources to help those in need. It is an essential part of many religions and cultures, and it is a way to show compassion and kindness towards others.

2. Why is Charity Important?

Charity is important because it helps to make the world a better place. When we give to others, we are helping to improve their lives and provide them with the basic necessities that they may not have access to. Additionally, charity can help to create a sense of community and unity, as people come together to support a common cause.

3. How Can We Give Back?

There are many ways to give back to others, including volunteering, donating money or resources, and supporting local charities and organizations. It is essential to choose a cause that you are passionate about and that aligns with your values.

4. Examples of Charity

One example of charity is the Team Hope’s Christmas Shoebox appeal. This organization collects shoeboxes filled with gifts for children in need around the world. Another example is the Red Cross, which provides disaster relief and support to those affected by natural disasters.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, giving back to others is an essential part of being a good citizen and a compassionate human being. By participating in charitable acts, we can help to make the world a better place and improve the lives of those in need. Remember, even small acts of kindness can make a big difference.

**Glossary**

- Charity: the act of giving money, time, or resources to help those in need
- Compassion: a feeling of deep sympathy and sorrow for another who is stricken by misfortune
- Kindness: the quality of being friendly, generous, and considerate
- Unity: the state of being united or in harmony
- Values: a person's principles or standards of behavior; one's judgment of what is important in life


text: Chevron down icon Chevron down icon " class="product-gallery--media-thumbnail-img" > " class="product-gallery--loaded-image" > Zoom icon Click to expand Tap to zoom Parenthood Card Sale $5.75 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10+ Quantity Chevron down icon Quantity Add to cart Spinner icon Notify me when back in stock Email address Email me when available Everyone knows a hot mama (or dad). This one's for that person. - size A2, 4.25 by 5.5 inches folded - Three color screen print on French Paper - packed in a cello sleeve with corresponding envelope - blank inside

textbook:
Lesson: How to Create a Greeting Card

Introduction:
Creating a greeting card is a fun and thoughtful way to show someone you care. In this lesson, we will learn how to make a simple card using a template and basic materials. We will also explore different ways to personalize the card and make it special for the recipient.

Materials:
- Cardstock paper or blank card
- Pencil or pen
- Scissors or paper cutter
- Stamp or stencil
- Ink pad or paint
- Ribbon, stickers, or other embellishments

Instructions:
1. Choose a card template or design that you like. You can find templates online or in a craft book. Print out the template and cut out the pieces.

2. Fold the cardstock in half along the dotted line, creasing it so that it stays folded.

3. Place the front piece of the card on top of the inside piece, making sure they are aligned correctly.

4. Using a pencil or pen, write a message or note on the inside of the card. This could be a simple "Happy Birthday" or a more personal message.

5. If you want to add a stamp or stencil, place it on the front of the card and press down firmly with the ink pad or paint. Make sure the image is centered and even.

6. If you want to add any other embellishments, such as ribbon or stickers, do so now.

7. Once you are happy with your card, seal it with tape or glue, making sure not to cover up any of the stamp or stencil.

Personalizing the Card:
One way to make the card more personal is to add a photo or drawing of the recipient. You can use a printer or a photo booth to print out a small picture, or draw a portrait yourself. Glue or tape the picture onto the front of the card.

Another way to personalize the card is to add a small item that represents the recipient's interests or hobbies. For example, if the recipient loves dogs, you could add a small dog sticker or a picture of their own dog.

Conclusion:
Creating a greeting card is a fun and easy way to show someone you care. By following these instructions and personalizing the card, you can create a unique and special gift that will be treasured by the recipient.


text: NEW YORK (GenomeWeb News) – Genomas has won a $1.4 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to develop pharmacogenomic technology that will help doctors predict drug efficacy and side-effect risk for neuropsychiatric disease patients.. The company plans to use the Small Business Innovation Research grant to continue developing its PhyzioType Systems, which use genetic polymorphisms found through array genotyping and an algorithm to help doctors develop personalized drug prescriptions for antidepressants and antipsychotics.

textbook:
Core Value: Personalized medicine

Lesson: Personalized Medicine

Introduction: Personalized medicine is an approach to healthcare that takes into account individual differences in genetics, environment, and lifestyle. It involves tailoring medical treatment to the specific needs of each patient, based on their unique characteristics. This approach has the potential to improve the effectiveness of treatments and reduce side effects. In this lesson, we will explore what personalized medicine is, how it works, and why it is important.

Section 1: What is Personalized Medicine?

Topic 1: Definition
Personalized medicine is a type of healthcare that uses information about a person's genes, environment, and lifestyle to develop customized treatments and prevention strategies.

Topic 2: Importance
Personalized medicine is important because it has the potential to improve the effectiveness of treatments and reduce side effects. By tailoring medical treatments to the specific needs of each patient, doctors can ensure that the treatment is more likely to work and less likely to cause harm.

Topic 3: Examples
One example of personalized medicine is pharmacogenomics, which involves using a person's genetic information to predict how they will respond to certain medications. Another example is nutrigenomics, which involves using a person's genetic information to develop personalized diet plans.

Section 2: How does Personalized Medicine Work?

Topic 1: Genetic Testing
One way that personalized medicine works is through genetic testing. This involves analyzing a person's DNA to identify genetic variations that may affect their response to certain treatments. For example, some people may have genetic variations that make them more susceptible to side effects from certain medications.

Topic 2: Algorithm-based Decision Making
Another way that personalized medicine works is through algorithm-based decision making. This involves using mathematical models to analyze data from multiple sources, including genetic testing, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices, to develop personalized treatment plans.

Topic 3: Patient-Provider Communication
Effective communication between patients and healthcare providers is also important for personalized medicine. Patients need to share information about their medical history, lifestyle, and environmental factors, while healthcare providers need to listen carefully and use this information to develop personalized treatment plans.

Section 3: Why is Personalized Medicine Important?

Topic 1: Improved Treatment Effectiveness
Personalized medicine has the potential to improve the effectiveness of treatments by tailoring them to the specific needs of each patient. This can help to ensure that treatments are more likely to work and less likely to cause harm.

Topic 2: Reduced Side Effects
By taking into account a patient's genetic makeup and other factors, personalized medicine can help to reduce the risk of side effects from treatments. This can improve patient outcomes and increase patient satisfaction with their care.

Topic 3: Cost-effectiveness
While personalized medicine may initially seem expensive due to the additional tests and consultations required, it can actually lead to cost savings in the long run by reducing the need for repeat treatments and hospitalizations.

Glossary:
- Genetic testing: A process that involves analyzing a person's DNA to identify genetic variations that may affect their response to certain treatments.
- Algorithm: A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or achieving a specific task, often used in computer programming and mathematical modeling.
- Pharmacogenomics: The study of how genes affect a person's response to medications.
- Nutrigenomics: The study of how genes affect a person's response to nutrients in food.

Conclusion: Personalized medicine is an important approach to healthcare that has the potential to improve the effectiveness of treatments and reduce side effects. By taking into account individual differences in genetics, environment, and lifestyle, healthcare providers can develop customized treatments and prevention strategies that are tailored to the specific needs of each patient. As our understanding of genetics and other factors continues to grow, personalized medicine is likely to become an increasingly important part of healthcare.


text: Club Penguin nominated for a Silicon Vineyard Innovation Award. What does a company that was bought out for $500 million by Disney do for an encore? For Club Penguin, it's getting nominated for a Silicon Vineyard Innovation Award, an initiative from the Okanagan Science and Technology Council (OSTEC) to recognize innovative individuals and companies in B.C.'s Southern Interior. Club Penguin (also known as New Horizon Interactive) has been nominated in the "Innovative Organization of the Year" category. The award ceremony is slated for March 13th at the Coast Capri Hotel in Kelowna. Last year's event featured Silicon Valley venture capitalist and Macintosh pioneer Guy Kawasaki as a guest speaker. Related posts:

textbook:
Lesson: How to Create a Successful Online Game

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the key factors that contribute to the success of an online game. We will explore the story behind Club Penguin, an online game that was bought out for $500 million by Disney. We will also discuss the Silicon Vineyard Innovation Award and the importance of innovation in the gaming industry.

Section 1: The History of Club Penguin
Club Penguin was created by a small team of developers in Canada. The game was launched in 2005 and quickly gained popularity among children and teenagers. The game allowed players to create their own penguin avatar and interact with other players in a virtual world. The game was free to play, but players could purchase virtual items to customize their avatars.

Question: Why do you think Club Penguin became so popular?
Answer: There are several reasons why Club Penguin became so popular. First, it was a fun and addictive game that allowed players to socialize with others. Second, the game was easy to access and play, as it was available online. Third, the game had a strong community aspect, which kept players coming back to the game.

Section 2: The Silicon Vineyard Innovation Award
The Silicon Vineyard Innovation Award is an annual award given by the Okanagan Science and Technology Council (OSTEC) to recognize innovative individuals and companies in B.C.'s Southern Interior. Club Penguin was nominated in the "Innovative Organization of the Year" category for their success in creating an online game that became a global phenomenon.

Question: Why is innovation important in the gaming industry?
Answer: Innovation is crucial in the gaming industry because it allows companies to create new and exciting experiences for players. By pushing the boundaries of what is possible, companies can create games that are more immersive, engaging, and entertaining. Additionally, innovation can help companies stay ahead of their competitors and attract new players to the industry.

Section 3: The Importance of Innovation in Gaming
Innovation is essential in the gaming industry because it drives growth and success. Companies that innovate are able to create new and exciting experiences for players, which keeps them coming back for more. Additionally, innovation can help companies stay ahead of their competitors and attract new players to the industry.

Question: How can we apply the skills learned from this lesson to new problems?
Answer: The skills learned from this lesson can be applied to any problem-solving situation. By understanding the key factors that contribute to success, we can identify areas where we need to innovate and improve. Additionally, by learning about the importance of innovation in the gaming industry, we can apply these principles to other industries and situations.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the history of Club Penguin, the Silicon Vineyard Innovation Award, and the importance of innovation in the gaming industry. We also explored the key factors that contribute to the success of an online game. By understanding these factors, we can apply these principles to other problem-solving situations and drive growth and success in our own endeavors.


text: This engages executives, improving their likelihood of remembering successes.. The author shares some tips on how brands can show the value of their social media efforts. Carmen Collins, senior social media and talent brand manager at Cisco states that brands must tailor data for their stakeholders, in the same way they personalise content for different audiences.. Showing social media’s overall impact on the sales funnel is better and more realistic than trying to show sales causality. Collins expresses that since users keep moving in and out of the funnel at different times, setting the right goals can help demonstrate value.. Brands could present results in the form of a “story” on a PowerPoint slide. This engages executives and they would be more likely to remember successes, states Collins.. Read the original article. [4 minute read]

textbook:
Lesson: How to Show the Value of Social Media Efforts
Introduction:
In today's digital age, social media has become an essential tool for businesses to connect with their customers, build brand awareness, and drive sales. However, showing the value of social media efforts to executives can be challenging. In this lesson, we will learn how to show the value of social media efforts by tailoring data, setting the right goals, and presenting results in a compelling way.
Section 1: Tailoring Data for Stakeholders
Topic: Personalizing Content for Different Audiences
Question: Why is it important to tailor data for stakeholders?
Answer: It is crucial to tailor data for stakeholders because just like how brands personalize content for different audiences, they must also personalize data to show the value of their social media efforts to their specific stakeholders.
Topic: What data should be tailored?
Answer: Brands should tailor data such as engagement rates, reach, and impressions to show the value of their social media efforts to their stakeholders.
Section 2: Setting the Right Goals
Topic: Why is setting the right goals important?
Answer: Setting the right goals is essential because it helps demonstrate the value of social media efforts to executives. Since users keep moving in and out of the sales funnel at different times, setting the right goals can help show the overall impact of social media on the sales funnel.
Topic: What are the right goals to set?
Answer: The right goals to set are those that show the overall impact of social media on the sales funnel, such as increased website traffic, lead generation, and conversions.
Section 3: Presenting Results in a Compelling Way
Topic: Why is presenting results in a compelling way important?
Answer: Presenting results in a compelling way is important because it engages executives and improves their likelihood of remembering successes.
Topic: How can results be presented in a compelling way?
Answer: Results can be presented in the form of a "story" on a PowerPoint slide, which engages executives and makes them more likely to remember successes.
Conclusion:
By tailoring data for stakeholders, setting the right goals, and presenting results in a compelling way, brands can show the value of their social media efforts to executives. These skills can be applied to new problems and challenges, making them valuable for businesses of all sizes and industries.
Glossary:
- Engagement Rates: The percentage of people who interacted with a piece of content, such as liking, sharing, or commenting on a post.
- Reach: The number of unique people who saw a post or page.
- Impressions: The number of times a post or page was viewed.
- Sales Funnel: A model that represents a customer's journey from awareness to purchase.


text: I was living off tips for 10 years in Florida and Virginia. I barley made rent some months let alone afford an education. After moving to Seattle, Washington I was shocked to learned that servers made a minimum wage of $7.25 an hour. Within one year I paid all my debt off and saved a couple thousand dollars. I put myself through massage school, which lead me to an administrative position at that school. 8 years later, I have a full time job with a good salary, heath care, a 401K, and plans to buy my first home. I am proof that a livable wage makes a difference.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of a Livable Wage

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the importance of a livable wage and how it can impact an individual's life. We will examine the experiences of a server who worked for tips and struggled to make ends meet, and compare it to the experience of someone who earns a livable wage.

Section 1: Understanding a Livable Wage

A livable wage is the minimum amount of money that an individual needs to earn to support themselves and their family. It takes into account the basic necessities of life such as food, shelter, healthcare, and education. A livable wage varies depending on the cost of living in a particular area and the size of the family.

Question: What is the difference between a minimum wage and a livable wage?
Answer: A minimum wage is the lowest amount of money that an employer can legally pay an employee per hour. It is not based on the cost of living or the ability to support oneself. A livable wage, on the other hand, is based on the cost of living and the ability to support oneself and their family.

Section 2: The Impact of a Livable Wage

The impact of a livable wage can be seen in many areas of an individual's life. For example, it can provide the security of knowing that basic needs are met, such as food and shelter. It can also provide the opportunity to save for the future, such as retirement or education. Additionally, a livable wage can provide the peace of mind that comes with financial stability.

Question: How does a livable wage impact an individual's life?
Answer: A livable wage can provide security, opportunity, and peace of mind. It can help individuals meet their basic needs, save for the future, and live with financial stability.

Section 3: Comparing Experiences

We can see the impact of a livable wage by comparing the experiences of two individuals - a server who worked for tips and struggled to make ends meet, and someone who earns a livable wage.

The server worked long hours for little pay and often struggled to pay their bills. They were unable to save for the future or invest in their education. On the other hand, someone who earns a livable wage has the ability to save for retirement, invest in their education, and live with financial stability.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, a livable wage is essential for individuals to live a fulfilling and secure life. It provides the opportunity to meet basic needs, save for the future, and live with financial stability. By understanding the importance of a livable wage, we can advocate for fair wages and work towards a more equitable society.

Glossary:

Livable wage: The minimum amount of money that an individual needs to earn to support themselves and their family.
Minimum wage: The lowest amount of money that an employer can legally pay an employee per hour.
Cost of living: The amount of money needed to sustain a certain standard of living.
Basic necessities: Food, shelter, healthcare, and education.


text: As the world breathes, the human experience breathes and, as the world is suffocated, the human experience is suffocated.. That which provides happiness, awareness, identity, which all come from this reality of -life-; as these things are destroyed; annihilated, such is the human experience (awareness, happiness, identity) annihilated.. Where am I? Why am I? How am I? What am I? Who am I?. What is "I"?. Self looks outward at imaginations. Imagine a friend or a relative and -you- are looking at them in your imagination. So, who is "you" or -what- is "you"?. Self looks both without (in to world) and also within. Self is able to look back at self. So, what is self and, which self does -self- look back at?. Self looks outward at imaginations, contemplations, calculations, and self looks further outward at body, and the body is a part of this world; this life.. The sensual reality is observably atomic; quantum in size. Feeling is quantum, or a universe, in size. Vision is quantum in size.. Return to top of page

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Nature of Self

Introduction:
The concept of self is an essential part of our existence and understanding who we are can help us navigate through life. In this lesson, we will explore the nature of self by examining different aspects of our being. We will start with the basic question of what is self and move on to understand how self looks both within and without.

Section 1: What is Self?

Topic 1: Defining Self
- Self is the individual personality, the ego, the sense of identity that each person has.
- Self is the consciousness that allows us to be aware of our thoughts, feelings, and actions.
- Self is the subjective experience of being alive and living in the world.

Topic 2: Exploring Self
- Self is made up of various components such as thoughts, emotions, memories, and beliefs.
- Self is constantly changing and evolving as we go through different experiences in life.
- Self is unique to each individual and cannot be compared to others.

Topic 3: The Importance of Self-Awareness
- Understanding self is crucial for personal growth and development.
- Self-awareness helps us to identify our strengths and weaknesses, values and beliefs, and motivations and desires.
- By knowing ourselves better, we can make better decisions and live a more fulfilling life.

Section 2: Looking Within and Without

Topic 1: Looking Within
- Self-reflection is the process of examining our thoughts, feelings, and actions to gain insight into our inner selves.
- Meditation, journaling, and therapy are some ways to look within and explore our inner world.
- Looking within can help us understand our emotions, values, and beliefs, and how they shape our behavior.

Topic 2: Looking Without
- Looking without means observing our surroundings and the external world.
- This includes paying attention to our environment, the people around us, and the events happening in our lives.
- Looking without can help us understand how the external world influences our thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Section 3: Understanding the Quantum Nature of Self

Topic 1: The Quantum Nature of Self
- Our self is not just limited to our physical body but extends beyond it.
- Self is quantum in size, meaning it is made up of small particles called quanta.
- Feelings, thoughts, and emotions are all quantum in size and can affect our behavior and actions.

Topic 2: The Quantum Nature of Reality
- The world we experience is not just physical but also includes the quantum realm.
- Quantum mechanics is the study of the behavior of matter and energy at very small scales.
- Quantum mechanics helps us understand the behavior of particles and waves that make up our reality.

Conclusion:
Understanding the nature of self is essential for personal growth and development. By exploring our inner and outer worlds, we can gain insight into who we are and how we interact with the world around us. The quantum nature of self reminds us that our self extends beyond our physical body and is made up of small particles that influence our behavior and actions. By applying the principles of quantum mechanics, we can better understand the world we live in and how it shapes our self.


text: What else can I do? + Graduate careers. - Jon, 21, is leaving university this year with a business and economics degree and hopes to join a council's graduate scheme. Jack, 21, is due to graduate this summer with a degree in geography and is hoping to enrol on a graduate training scheme in the public or voluntary sector. Beth, 27, is a carbon reduction officer for a district council, earning £26,067. After three years, she is looking to move on. Chris, 27, earns £22,000 as a self-employed landscape gardener, but is interested in becoming a public sector landscape architect

textbook:
Lesson: Exploring Career Options after Graduation

Introduction:
After graduating from college or university, many students face the daunting task of finding a job that aligns with their career goals and interests. In this lesson, we will explore different career options available to graduates and provide tips on how to find and secure your dream job.

Section 1: Understanding Your Career Interests and Goals

Topic 1: Self-Assessment
- What are your skills, strengths, and values?
- What kind of work environment do you thrive in?
- What kind of work interests you?

Topic 2: Researching Careers
- Use online resources such as LinkedIn, Glassdoor, and Indeed to research different careers.
- Speak to professionals in fields that interest you to gain insight into their work.
- Attend career fairs and networking events to learn more about potential employers.

Section 2: Types of Jobs Available to Graduates

Topic 1: Graduate Schemes
- Many large organizations offer graduate schemes for recent graduates to gain experience in their field.
- These schemes often lead to permanent positions within the organization.

Topic 2: Public Sector Jobs
- Public sector jobs include roles in government, education, healthcare, and other community organizations.
- These jobs often offer stable employment and competitive benefits packages.

Topic 3: Private Sector Jobs
- Private sector jobs include roles in business, finance, technology, and other industries.
- These jobs may offer higher salaries and faster career progression than public sector jobs.

Section 3: Applying for Jobs

Topic 1: Resume and Cover Letter Writing
- A well-written resume and cover letter are essential for securing interviews.
- Highlight your skills, experiences, and achievements relevant to the job.

Topic 2: Job Interviews
- Prepare for interviews by researching the company and practicing common interview questions.
- Dress professionally and arrive early for the interview.
- Show enthusiasm for the role and demonstrate your skills and experiences.

Conclusion:
Finding the right career after graduation can be challenging, but with careful planning and research, you can find a job that aligns with your interests and goals. Remember to be open-minded and flexible in your search and take advantage of all the resources available to you. With persistence and hard work, you can achieve your career aspirations.


text:
1. Field of the Invention
The instant disclosure relates to a multichip package structure, and more particularly to a multichip package structure for generating a symmetrical and uniform light-blending source.
2. Description of Related Art
The invention of the illuminating device greatly changed the style of building construction and the lifestyle of human beings, allowing people to work during the night. Traditional lighting devices such as lamps that adopt incandescent bulbs, fluorescent bulbs, or power-saving bulbs have been generally well-developed and used intensively for indoor illumination.
Moreover, compared to the newly developed light-emitting-diode (LED) illuminating devices, these traditional illuminating devices have the disadvantages of quick attenuation, high power consumption, high heat generation, short service life, high fragility, and being not recyclable. Thus, various high-powered LED illuminating devices are created to replace the traditional lighting devices.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Multichip Package Structure

### Overview
In this lesson, we will learn about the multichip package structure and its applications in generating symmetrical and uniform light-blending sources. We will also explore the advantages of using LED illuminating devices over traditional lighting devices.

### Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

1. Define the multichip package structure and its significance in generating symmetrical and uniform light-blending sources.
2. Compare and contrast traditional lighting devices with LED illuminating devices.
3. Explain the advantages of using LED illuminating devices over traditional lighting devices.

### Section 1: Introduction to Multichip Package Structure

What is a Multichip Package Structure?

A multichip package structure refers to a type of electronic package that integrates multiple semiconductor chips into a single unit. This packaging technique allows for efficient use of space and reduces the overall size of the device.

Significance of Multichip Package Structure

The multichip package structure plays a crucial role in generating symmetrical and uniform light-blending sources. By integrating multiple LED chips into a single package, the resulting light source can be controlled more precisely, leading to better color rendering and improved energy efficiency.

### Section 2: Traditional Lighting Devices vs. LED Illuminating Devices

Traditional Lighting Devices

Traditional lighting devices include incandescent bulbs, fluorescent bulbs, and power-saving bulbs. These devices have several disadvantages, including quick attenuation, high power consumption, high heat generation, short service life, high fragility, and non-recyclability.

LED Illuminating Devices

LED illuminating devices are a newer technology that offers several advantages over traditional lighting devices. These devices are more energy-efficient, have a longer service life, generate less heat, and are more resistant to breakage. Additionally, LED illuminating devices can be controlled more precisely, leading to better color rendering and improved overall performance.

### Section 3: Advantages of Using LED Illuminating Devices

Advantages of LED Illuminating Devices

1. Energy Efficiency: LED illuminating devices consume less power than traditional lighting devices, resulting in significant energy savings.
2. Longer Service Life: LED illuminating devices have a longer service life than traditional lighting devices, reducing the need for frequent replacements.
3. Lower Heat Generation: LED illuminating devices generate less heat than traditional lighting devices, making them safer to use in enclosed spaces.
4. Improved Color Rendering: LED illuminating devices can be controlled more precisely, leading to better color rendering and improved overall performance.
5. Recyclability: LED illuminating devices can be recycled, making them more environmentally friendly than traditional lighting devices.

### Glossary

Multichip Package Structure: A type of electronic package that integrates multiple semiconductor chips into a single unit.
LED: Light-emitting diode.
Illuminating Device: A device that produces light to enable visibility in a space.
Incandescent Bulb: A traditional lighting device that uses a filament heated until it glows.
Fluorescent Bulb: A traditional lighting device that uses gas or vapor to produce light.
Power-Saving Bulb: A traditional lighting device that uses less electricity than standard incandescent bulbs.

### Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the multichip package structure and its significance in generating symmetrical and uniform light-blending sources. We also explored the advantages of using LED illuminating devices over traditional lighting devices. By understanding these concepts, we can apply this knowledge to other areas of study and improve our overall understanding of electronics and lighting technologies.


text: You have an idea for a business or service, and it’s time to get started. Our team stands ready to help. At this stage, it’s important to lay the right legal foundation (missteps or hacks can come back to haunt you), but your resources are limited. We understand that. Our approach to incorporation was specifically designed with those concerns in mind. We provide the counsel and documents you need to not only get started, but to do so comprehensively and based on established best practices.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Start a Business

Introduction:
Starting a business is an exciting venture that requires careful planning and execution. In this lesson, we will cover the basics of starting a business, including the legal foundation, resources needed, and best practices.

Section 1: Legal Foundation

Topic 1: Why is it important to have a legal foundation?
- A legal foundation is essential because it protects your business from liabilities and lawsuits.
- It also helps establish your business as a legitimate entity and allows you to enter into contracts with other businesses.

Topic 2: What are the common mistakes to avoid when setting up a legal foundation?
- One common mistake is not choosing the right business structure, such as sole proprietorship, partnership, or corporation.
- Another mistake is not registering for taxes or obtaining necessary permits and licenses.

Section 2: Resources Needed

Topic 1: What resources are required to start a business?
- Some of the resources required include funding, a business plan, and a marketing strategy.
- You may also need equipment, inventory, and employees.

Topic 2: How can I obtain these resources?
- You can obtain funding through loans, grants, or investors.
- A business plan and marketing strategy can be created with research and planning.
- Equipment and inventory can be purchased or rented, and employees can be hired or outsourced.

Section 3: Best Practices

Topic 1: What are some best practices for starting a business?
- Conduct market research to understand your target audience and competition.
- Create a business plan that outlines your goals, strategies, and financial projections.
- Choose a legal structure that best suits your needs and register your business accordingly.

Topic 2: How can I ensure my business is successful?
- Focus on providing a high-quality product or service that meets the needs of your customers.
- Continuously monitor your financials and make adjustments as needed.
- Seek feedback from your customers and use it to improve your business.

Conclusion:
In summary, starting a business requires careful planning and attention to detail. By following the best practices outlined in this lesson, you can set your business up for success. Remember to focus on your legal foundation, obtain necessary resources, and continuously monitor and improve your business. With these skills, you can apply them to new problems and challenges as they arise.


text:
Approach to the medical management of surgically resectable gastric cancer.
The optimal adjuvant management of patients with resectable gastric cancer remains a therapeutic challenge. Although the benefit of adjuvant therapy for these patients is clearly established, recurrence and mortality rates remain high despite such treatment. Moreover, surgical comorbidities and treatment toxicities result in high rates of failure to complete treatment after surgery. Two divergent approaches to adjuvant treatment have emerged as standard: postoperative chemoradiotherapy and perioperative chemotherapy. Because these approaches have never been compared directly, recommendations for adjuvant treatment require multidisciplinary discussion. During this discussion, the characteristics of the symptoms, the histology, location, and stage of the tumor, and the feasibility of the patient's completing all recommended therapy may be considered. In our own practice, we favor perioperative chemotherapy for patients with asymptomatic, proximal, higher-stage disease and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for patients with symptomatic, distal, lower-stage disease. Herein, we summarize the available data for approaches to the adjuvant treatment of gastric cancer, with special consideration of the characteristics of the patients enrolled in the various studies. We also describe how we developed our paradigm for recommending a particular approach to adjuvant treatment for each patient.

textbook:
Lesson: Approach to the Medical Management of Surgically Resectable Gastric Cancer
Introduction:
Gastric cancer is a type of cancer that affects the stomach. It is a serious disease that can be difficult to treat. However, if it is caught early enough, it can often be cured with surgery. This lesson will discuss the approach to the medical management of surgically resectable gastric cancer.
Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is that the optimal adjuvant management of patients with resectable gastric cancer remains a therapeutic challenge. Although the benefit of adjuvant therapy for these patients is clearly established, recurrence and mortality rates remain high despite such treatment. Moreover, surgical comorbidities and treatment toxicities result in high rates of failure to complete treatment after surgery. Therefore, it is essential to consider the characteristics of the symptoms, the histology, location, and stage of the tumor, and the feasibility of the patient's completing all recommended therapy when determining the best approach to adjuvant treatment.
Section 1: Understanding Gastric Cancer
Gastric cancer is a type of cancer that affects the stomach. It can be caused by various factors, including lifestyle choices, genetics, and environmental factors. Gastric cancer can be difficult to detect because it often does not cause symptoms in its early stages. However, as the cancer progresses, it can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.
Section 2: Surgical Management of Gastric Cancer
Surgery is the most common treatment for early-stage gastric cancer. The goal of surgery is to remove as much of the cancer as possible while preserving as much of the stomach as possible. There are two types of surgery for gastric cancer: partial gastrectomy and total gastrectomy. Partial gastrectomy involves removing part of the stomach, while total gastrectomy involves removing the entire stomach.
Section 3: Adjuvant Treatment for Gastric Cancer
Adjuvant treatment is treatment that is given after surgery to help prevent the cancer from coming back. There are two main approaches to adjuvant treatment for gastric cancer: postoperative chemoradiotherapy and perioperative chemotherapy. Postoperative chemoradiotherapy is given after surgery, while perioperative chemotherapy is given before and after surgery.
Section 4: Recommendations for Adjuvant Treatment
Because postoperative chemoradiotherapy and perioperative chemotherapy have never been compared directly, recommendations for adjuvant treatment require multidisciplinary discussion. In our own practice, we favor perioperative chemotherapy for patients with asymptomatic, proximal, higher-stage disease and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for patients with symptomatic, distal, lower-stage disease.
Conclusion:
In summary, the approach to the medical management of surgically resectable gastric cancer is a therapeutic challenge. Although the benefit of adjuvant therapy for these patients is clearly established, recurrence and mortality rates remain high despite such treatment. Moreover, surgical comorbidities and treatment toxicities result in high rates of failure to complete treatment after surgery. Therefore, it is essential to consider the characteristics of the symptoms, the histology, location, and stage of the tumor, and the feasibility of the patient's completing all recommended therapy when determining the best approach to adjuvant treatment.
Glossary:
- Gastric cancer: cancer that affects the stomach
- Adjuvant therapy: treatment given after surgery to help prevent the cancer from coming back
- Postoperative chemoradiotherapy: chemoradiotherapy given after surgery
- Perioperative chemotherapy: chemotherapy given before and after surgery
- Surgically resectable: able to be removed surgically
- Histology: the study of the microscopic structure of tissues
- Location: the place where something is located
- Stage: the extent to which a disease has progressed


text: - RIP]. How does the Supreme Court determine the jury award was not supported by evidence if the expert testified the amount should be $328 million and the jury awarded $70 million. Is it not the job of the jury to decide what they believe is the right number? If the Supreme Court thinks the number is not supported by evidence, then why not grow some balls and just say damages could not exceed "x" based upon the evidence. The opinion is so vague and provides no guidance. 2 juries have awarded damages. I thought the Constitution allows for a jury trial and the jury decides.. Adelson always gets what he wants. Nobody has more juice than Adelson. This will happen again and again. The jury giveth and the elected judiciary taketh away.. The Nevada judicial system is every bit as fair as any appointed, non/elected judicial system in this great country! Just ask ANY judge! Or ask ANY PI plaintiff attorney!. That Robert Sharpe pimp got what he deserved. Scumbag

textbook:
Lesson: The Role of the Jury in Determining Damages in a Personal Injury Case
Introduction:
In a personal injury case, the jury plays a crucial role in determining the amount of damages that the plaintiff should receive. The jury is responsible for evaluating the evidence presented at trial and determining the amount of compensation that will fairly compensate the plaintiff for their injuries. However, the Supreme Court has the power to review the jury's decision and determine whether the award is supported by the evidence.
Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is the importance of the jury's role in determining damages in a personal injury case. The jury is responsible for making a fair and just determination of the amount of compensation that the plaintiff should receive, based on the evidence presented at trial. However, the Supreme Court has the power to review the jury's decision and determine whether the award is supported by the evidence.
Lesson Outline:
I. Introduction
- Definition of personal injury case
- Importance of the jury's role in determining damages
- Overview of the lesson
II. The Jury's Role in Determining Damages
- Explanation of the jury's role in determining damages
- Discussion of the factors that the jury considers when determining damages
- Example of a personal injury case and how the jury determined damages
III. Supreme Court Review of the Jury's Decision
- Explanation of the Supreme Court's power to review the jury's decision
- Discussion of the factors that the Supreme Court considers when reviewing the jury's decision
- Example of a case where the Supreme Court reviewed the jury's decision and overturned the award
IV. Conclusion
- Recap of the lesson
- Importance of the jury's role in determining damages
- Importance of the Supreme Court's review of the jury's decision
- Application of the lesson to real-world scenarios
Glossary:
- Personal injury case: A legal dispute involving harm done to a person's body, mind, or emotions
- Damages: Compensation awarded to a plaintiff in a personal injury case to make up for the harm caused by the defendant's actions
- Jury: A group of citizens selected to hear and decide a case in court
- Supreme Court: The highest court in the United States, responsible for interpreting the Constitution and federal laws
V. Self-Debating Discussion
- What factors should the jury consider when determining damages in a personal injury case?
- Should the Supreme Court have the power to review the jury's decision in personal injury cases? Why or why not?
- How does the role of the jury in determining damages compare to other aspects of the legal system?


text:
A white supremacist website in Idaho is sending out an extremely racist robocall against Florida Democratic gubernatorial candidate Andrew Gillum.

Voters in Florida received the robocall on Tuesday, and HuffPost obtained audio of the recording. Speaking in an exaggerated minstrel dialect, an actor pretends to be Gillum, saying: “Well hello there. I is the Negro Andrew Gillum, and I be asking you to make me governor of this here state of Florida.”

Minstrel music plays in the background, and a monkey screeches occasionally to refer to Gillum, who is the mayor of Tallahassee.

The ad says Gillum’s health care plan will be quite cheap, because he’ll just give chicken feet to people as medicine. It talks about how Jewish people are going to vote for him, because Jews are “the ones that been putting Negroes in charge over the white folk, just like they done after the Civil War.”

HuffPost reader Rusty Gordon noted that the music in the background of the ad appears to be from “Amos ‘n’ Andy,” the controversial ― and popular ― radio and television show that relied on racial stereotypes.

At the end of the robocall, a disclaimer says it was paid for by The Road To Power, a white supremacist website and podcast based in Idaho that sent out a similar call against Gillum in August, when he was running in the Democratic primary. The group has been linked to racist robocalls in Virginia, Oregon, California, Idaho, Iowa and Pennsylvania.

In early September, after the group’s earlier call, Gillum said he wants “to make sure that we don’t racialize, and, frankly, weaponize, race as a part of this process.”

The Anti-Defamation League notes that Scott Rhodes, the man behind Road to Power, is a white supremacist who “achieved local notoriety in late 2017 when police linked him to the distribution of white supremacist propaganda at Sandpoint (Idaho) High School, harassment of a Sandpoint resident, and threatening, anti-Semitic calls that included recordings of Hitler.”

“These disgusting, abhorrent robocalls represent a continuation of the ugliest, most divisive campaign in Florida’s history,” Geoff Burgan, a spokesman for Gillum, said Tuesday. “We would hope that these calls, and the dangerous people who are behind them, are not given any more attention than they already have been.”

Gillum, who would be Florida’s first black governor if elected, has faced racist comments and dog whistles throughout his campaign. The morning after the primaries, former Rep. Ron DeSantis (R-Fla.) ― Gillum’s opponent ― went on TV and warned voters not to “monkey this up by trying to embrace a socialist agenda with huge tax increases and bankrupting the state.”

“Our campaign has absolutely nothing to do with this robocall and joins those in condemning it,” DeSantis spokesman Stephen Lawson said Tuesday. “In fact, we would encourage the Gillum campaign to join us in rooting out and exposing once and for all those who are behind this disgusting call.”

Even Idaho officials ― Gov. C. L. “Butch” Otter (R) and Boise Mayor David Bieter (D) chimed in against The Road To Power on Tuesday, saying this “kind of bigotry will not be tolerated in Idaho.”

This story has been updated with comment from DeSantis’ campaign and Idaho officials, and more information about the music in the robocall.

Correction: This piece originally referred to DeSantis as a congressman. He resigned last month.

textbook:
Lesson: White Supremacy and Racism

Introduction:
White supremacy refers to the belief that white people are superior to other races and should therefore dominate society. This belief has been used to justify oppression, violence, and discrimination against people of color. In this lesson, we will explore the history of white supremacy, its manifestations, and ways to combat it.

Section 1: History of White Supremacy
White supremacy has a long history in the United States, dating back to the days of slavery. After the Civil War, white supremacist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan terrorized African Americans to maintain control over them. In the early 20th century, the idea of "separate but equal" was used to justify segregation and deny black people their rights. Today, white supremacists use language and symbols to promote their beliefs and recruit others to their cause.

Section 2: Manifestations of White Supremacy
White supremacy takes many forms, including individual acts of hate, institutional racism, and systemic oppression. Individual acts of hate can include verbal or physical attacks on people of color. Institutional racism occurs when policies or practices disproportionately affect people of color, such as redlining or the war on drugs. Systemic oppression refers to the way in which society is structured to benefit white people at the expense of others, such as the unequal distribution of wealth or the lack of access to quality education and healthcare in predominantly black neighborhoods.

Section 3: Combating White Supremacy
There are several ways to combat white supremacy and promote equality and justice. One way is to educate ourselves and others about the history of white supremacy and its manifestations. We can also support organizations that fight against racism and work towards equity and inclusion. It is important to speak out against racist comments or actions and to stand up for the rights of people of color. Finally, we must work together to dismantle systems of oppression and create a more just and equitable society.

Conclusion:
White supremacy is a dangerous and destructive ideology that has no place in our society. By learning about its history and manifestations, and taking action to combat it, we can work towards a more just and equitable future for all.

Glossary:
- White supremacy: the belief that white people are superior to other races and should dominate society
- Ku Klux Klan: a white supremacist group that terrorized African Americans after the Civil War
- Separate but equal: the idea that segregation was constitutional as long as facilities for each race were equal in quality
- Institutional racism: policies or practices that disproportionately affect people of color
- Systemic oppression: the way in which society is structured to benefit white people at the expense of others
- Equity: fair treatment of individuals according to their actual needs
- Inclusion: a sense of belonging within a community


text: In order to disseminate Chinese culture and celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival, on May 30, Chinese Department of the S. Avgoulea-Linardatou School of Athens, Greece held various classroom activities, covering from what is the Dragon Boat Festival, the history of the Dragon Boat Festival to the celebration of modern Dragon Boat Festival. The classroom activities gave the local children a vivid illustration of the Chinese Dragon Boat Festival, and with the relevant manual activities, they are greatly enjoyed by the local students.. S. Avgoulea-Linardatou School of Athens, Greece and the Shanghai Library established cooperation on the "Window of Shanghai" Project in 2014, and the former has been committed to introducing Chinese culture to the local students, so as to enhance mutual understanding and friendship.. Copyright Shanghai Library Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of Shanghai All Rights Reserved. Tianying Multimedia Communication Co., Ltd. Technology Support. IE Browser is recommended.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to the Dragon Boat Festival

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
The Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional Chinese festival celebrated annually on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. It is also known as the Double Fifth Festival because it falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. This festival has a long history and is celebrated not only in China but also in other countries with significant Chinese populations.

The Dragon Boat Festival is believed to have originated from an ancient Chinese legend about a patriotic poet named Qu Yuan. According to the legend, Qu Yuan drowned himself in a river to protest against the corrupt government. To prevent fish from eating his body, people threw rice dumplings into the river to feed the fish, and they beat drums and splashed water to scare the fish away. Over time, this tradition evolved into the Dragon Boat Festival, which now includes racing dragon boats, eating zongzi (sticky rice wrapped in reed leaves), and hanging calamus flowers and wormwood branches.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
The Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated in many countries around the world, including China, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Korea. In these countries, people celebrate the festival by racing dragon boats, eating zongzi, and hanging calamus flowers and wormwood branches.

Dragon boat racing is a popular sport during the Dragon Boat Festival. Teams of paddlers race in long, narrow boats with a dragon's head and tail. The boats are usually decorated with colorful paintings of dragons, and the paddlers wear traditional Chinese clothing. The objective of the race is to reach the finish line first, and the winning team is usually cheered by spectators.

Eating zongzi is another important tradition during the Dragon Boat Festival. Zongzi is made of sticky rice wrapped in reed leaves, and it is usually filled with sweet or savory fillings such as bean paste, meat, or mushrooms. People eat zongzi as a snack or as a main course, and it is often served with tea or other beverages.

Hanging calamus flowers and wormwood branches is a way to ward off evil spirits during the Dragon Boat Festival. These plants have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries, and they are believed to have medicinal properties that can protect people from illness and disease.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions
1. Why do you think the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated annually?
2. What is the significance of racing dragon boats during the festival?
3. How does eating zongzi relate to the Dragon Boat Festival?
4. Why do people hang calamus flowers and wormwood branches during the festival?

## Glossary
- Dragon Boat Festival: A traditional Chinese festival celebrated annually on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
- Qu Yuan: A patriotic poet from ancient China who is believed to have inspired the Dragon Boat Festival.
- Zongzi: Sticky rice wrapped in reed leaves, usually filled with sweet or savory fillings.
- Calamus flowers: A plant used in traditional Chinese medicine that is believed to have medicinal properties.
- Wormwood branches: Another plant used in traditional Chinese medicine that is believed to have medicinal properties.

## Conclusion
The Dragon Boat Festival is a fascinating celebration that has its roots in ancient Chinese history. By learning about the festival's origins, traditions, and significance, we can appreciate the rich cultural heritage of China and its neighboring countries. Understanding the importance of the festival can help us appreciate the value of cultural exchange and understanding between different communities.


text: Acquired: Rescue / shelter organization. Gender: Male. Never did I think a cat would be a good guard animal. Yet he is. He patrols, and meows and hisses at strangers entering the house unescorted. He loves to cuddle with big hugs, sometimes he gets enthusiastic and uses claws. My life is incomplete without him. He is such a laid back kitty and so grateful for everything purring away in joy.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Cats as Pets

## Section 1: Why Cats Make Great Pets

Cats make great pets because they are low-maintenance, independent, and affectionate animals. They do not require as much attention as dogs and can entertain themselves for long periods. However, they still enjoy spending time with their owners and can form strong bonds. Additionally, cats are naturally clean animals that groom themselves regularly, which makes them easy to care for.

## Section 2: How to Choose a Cat

When choosing a cat, there are several factors to consider. Firstly, consider the breed of the cat. Different breeds have different personalities and traits. For example, Siamese cats are known for being vocal and social, while Persian cats are known for being quiet and lazy. Secondly, consider the age of the cat. Kittens require more attention and training than adult cats, but they are also more playful and energetic. Finally, consider the health of the cat. Adopting a cat from a rescue or shelter organization can provide valuable information about the cat's medical history and personality.

## Section 3: Caring for Your Cat

Caring for your cat involves providing them with food, water, shelter, and love. Cats are obligate carnivores, meaning they require a diet high in protein. Choose a high-quality cat food that meets their nutritional needs. Provide fresh water for your cat to drink and ensure their litter box is clean and accessible. Finally, give your cat plenty of love and attention by playing with them, cuddling, and talking to them.

## Section 4: Common Health Issues

Common health issues in cats include obesity, dental disease, and hairballs. Obesity can be prevented by providing your cat with a balanced diet and ensuring they get enough exercise. Dental disease can be prevented by brushing your cat's teeth regularly and providing them with dental treats. Hairballs can be prevented by regular grooming and providing your cat with a hairball prevention supplement.

## Section 5: Training Your Cat

While cats are not as trainable as dogs, they can still learn basic commands and tricks. Positive reinforcement is the best method for training cats. Reward your cat with treats or praise when they perform a desired behavior. Consistency is key when training cats, so ensure all members of the household are using the same commands and rewards.

## Glossary

- Obligate carnivore: An animal that requires a diet consisting mainly of animal tissue.
- Nutritional needs: The specific requirements an organism needs to maintain its health and growth.
- Balanced diet: A diet that provides all the necessary nutrients for optimal health.
- Exercise: Physical activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health.
- Dental treats: Chew toys or treats designed to clean a pet's teeth.
- Hairball prevention supplement: A supplement that helps reduce the occurrence of hairballs in cats.

## Conclusion

In conclusion, cats make great pets due to their low-maintenance nature, independence, and affectionate personalities. When choosing a cat, consider the breed, age, and health of the animal. Caring for your cat involves providing them with food, water, shelter, and love. Common health issues in cats include obesity, dental disease, and hairballs. Training cats using positive reinforcement can help them learn basic commands and tricks. By understanding the needs and characteristics of cats, we can provide them with a happy and healthy life.


text: Creature Feature Collection Snow Beast Monsterwolf Swamp Shark - The small town of Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana is turned upside down when a local lush is discovered dead, his body nearly shredded. Soon, it becomes clear to resident Rachel Broussard that the dreaded Swamp Shark is responsible, and it's up to her to destroy the beast before crowds of clueless citizens fill the river for Gator Fest, and become unwitting dinner for the creature. Cast: John Schneider. Region / Zone: 2 +<<

textbook:
**Lesson:**

**Title:** **"Swamp Shark": A Mathematical Analysis of a Fictional Creature**

**Grade Level:** Primary through High School

**Duration:** 45 minutes

**Objective:** In this lesson, students will analyze the fictional creature "Swamp Shark" from the movie "Creature Feature Collection Snow Beast Monsterwolf Swamp Shark" using mathematical concepts such as ratios, proportions, and scale. They will learn how to apply these concepts to real-world scenarios and develop critical thinking skills.

**Introduction:**

Imagine a creature so terrifying that it can turn a small town upside down. That's exactly what happens in the movie "Creature Feature Collection Snow Beast Monsterwolf Swamp Shark." The Swamp Shark is a giant, man-eating monster that terrorizes the residents of Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana. In this lesson, we will use mathematical concepts to analyze the Swamp Shark and learn how to apply these concepts to real-world scenarios.

**Section 1: Ratio and Proportion**

Ratio and proportion are mathematical concepts that help us understand the relationship between two quantities. In this section, we will use ratio and proportion to analyze the size of the Swamp Shark compared to other creatures and objects.

**Question:** If the Swamp Shark is 30 feet long, how much longer is the Snow Beast compared to the Swamp Shark?

**Answer:** The Snow Beast is 50 feet long, which means it is twice as long as the Swamp Shark. Therefore, the ratio of the length of the Snow Beast to the Swamp Shark is 2:1.

**Question:** If the Swamp Shark is 10 feet wide, how much wider is the Monsterwolf compared to the Swamp Shark?

**Answer:** The Monsterwolf is 20 feet wide, which means it is twice as wide as the Swamp Shark. Therefore, the ratio of the width of the Monsterwolf to the Swamp Shark is 2:1.

**Section 2: Scale**

Scale is a mathematical concept that helps us understand the relationship between different sizes of objects. In this section, we will use scale to analyze the size of the Swamp Shark compared to other creatures and objects.

**Question:** If the Swamp Shark is 30 feet long, how tall would it need to be to be as tall as a 10-story building?

**Answer:** A 10-story building is typically around 100 feet tall. To be as tall as a 10-story building, the Swamp Shark would need to be 100 feet tall. This means that the Swamp Shark would need to be 10 times taller than its actual size to be as tall as a 10-story building.

**Section 3: Real-World Applications**

In this section, we will use the mathematical concepts we learned in the previous sections to analyze real-world scenarios.

**Question:** If a car is traveling at 60 miles per hour, how long would it take to travel 100 miles?

**Answer:** To solve this problem, we need to use the formula: time = distance / speed. Plugging in the values, we get: time = 100 miles / 60 miles per hour = 1.67 hours. Therefore, it would take 1.67 hours for the car to travel 100 miles at a speed of 60 miles per hour.

**Conclusion:**

In this lesson, we learned how to use mathematical concepts such as ratio, proportion, and scale to analyze the Swamp Shark from the movie "Creature Feature Collection Snow Beast Monsterwolf Swamp Shark." We also learned how to apply these concepts to real-world scenarios. By developing critical thinking skills, we can better understand and analyze the world around us.


text: Admission Requirements. Applicants to this certificate program must provide the following information for admission.. - Master's degree in counseling or psychology from an institution accredited by a U.S. Department of Education recognized accrediting agency or an internationally recognized institution. - Grade point average of 3.0 or higher on a 4.0 scale. - Active learners currently enrolled in a Capella University counseling or psychology degree program may be admitted to the Play Therapy certificate upon successful completion of specific, pre-determined courses within their degree program and/or Specialization.. - Current Capella students must complete an eligible master’s degree program before the certificate can be conferred.. - A $50 non-refundable application fee is required for initiating an application for admission and may be paid as part of the application process..

textbook:
**Lesson: How to Apply for a Play Therapy Certificate Program**

**Introduction**

In this lesson, we will learn about the admission requirements for a play therapy certificate program at Capella University. We will cover the necessary steps to apply for the program and discuss the importance of meeting these requirements. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the process of applying for a play therapy certificate and know what it takes to be a successful applicant.

**Section 1: Admission Requirements**

To be considered for the play therapy certificate program at Capella University, you must meet the following admission requirements:

1. **Master's degree**: You must have a master's degree in counseling or psychology from an institution accredited by a U.S. Department of Education recognized accrediting agency or an internationally recognized institution.

2. **Grade point average**: You must have a grade point average of 3.0 or higher on a 4.0 scale.

3. **Current Capella students**: If you are currently enrolled in a Capella University counseling or psychology degree program, you may be admitted to the Play Therapy certificate upon successful completion of specific, pre-determined courses within your degree program and/or Specialization.

4. **Active learners**: If you are an active learner currently enrolled in a Capella University counseling or psychology degree program, you may be admitted to the Play Therapy certificate upon successful completion of specific, pre-determined courses within your degree program and/or Specialization.

5. **$50 non-refundable application fee**: A $50 non-refundable application fee is required for initiating an application for admission and may be paid as part of the application process.

**Section 2: Application Process**

To apply for the play therapy certificate program at Capella University, follow these steps:

1. **Complete the online application**: Visit the Capella University website and complete the online application for the play therapy certificate program.

2. **Submit official transcripts**: Request official transcripts from all colleges and universities you have attended to be sent directly to Capella University.

3. **Provide letters of recommendation**: Provide two letters of recommendation from individuals who can attest to your academic abilities and potential for success in the play therapy certificate program.

4. **Pay the application fee**: Submit the $50 non-refundable application fee as part of the application process.

5. **Submit a personal statement**: Write a personal statement that explains why you want to pursue a play therapy certificate and how it aligns with your career goals.

**Section 3: Importance of Meeting Admission Requirements**

Meeting the admission requirements for the play therapy certificate program at Capella University is crucial for several reasons:

1. **Eligibility**: You must meet these requirements to be eligible for the program.

2. **Academic preparedness**: The admission requirements ensure that applicants have the necessary academic background and skills to succeed in the program.

3. **Career goals**: Demonstrating that you meet these requirements shows that you are serious about pursuing a play therapy certificate and have the necessary foundation to be successful in the field.

**Conclusion**

In summary, to apply for the play therapy certificate program at Capella University, you must meet specific admission requirements such as having a master's degree in counseling or psychology and a minimum GPA of 3.0. You must also submit official transcripts, letters of recommendation, pay an application fee, and write a personal statement. Meeting these requirements is essential for being eligible for the program and demonstrating your academic preparedness and commitment to pursuing a play therapy certificate.

**Glossary**

- **Capella University**: An online university that offers degree programs in various fields, including counseling and psychology.
- **Play Therapy**: A form of therapy that uses play to help children communicate and express themselves.
- **Certificate**: A document certifying that an individual has completed a course or program of study.
- **Admission**: The process of being accepted into a school, program, or institution.
- **Requirements**: The conditions or qualifications that must be met in order to be eligible for something.

**Self-Debate Discussion**

Why is it important to meet the admission requirements for the play therapy certificate program at Capella University? What benefits do you think meeting these requirements can provide to an applicant? Can you think of any challenges that might arise if an applicant does not meet these requirements?


text:
~ naming God's blessings in search of a fuller life

On Loving Your Children (Even When You Don’t Like Them)

The Peanut and I are in a tough spot. True, most almost-3-year-olds are in a difficult stage parenting-wise. But add to the age a determined, opinionated, and persistent temperament (hers) and the difficulties multiply exponentially. And then, factor in a Stonewall-Jackson-I-shall-not-be-moved temperament (mine) and–well, it begins to approach a disaster of epic proportions. I have a friend who called my relationship with the Peanut “The Immoveable Wall meets the Unstoppable Force” and it was so true that I wasn’t sure whether to laugh or cry.

These difficulties have been lying close to the surface lately as we’ve been potty-training. The first week was excellent and I thought “Wow! Piece of cake. We’re done with this in a week!” And then I spent quite a bit of time being sick, and the Sweetie Pie was out of town for several days, and I became very inconsistent about the potty training. And the Peanut decided she was fonder of going potty whenever and wherever she chose than she was of the treats she got for dry underwear and sitting nicely on her padded seat. The Immoveable Wall was determined that she would not be buying another box of diapers. The Unstoppable Force was equally determined that she did not want to use the potty (except for the times that she did).

This resulted in a stand-off, each of us with a stake firmly thrust into the ground. My pennant was a roll of toilet paper. The Peanut’s was a diaper. The stand-off was annoying, but it lent its own humor and variety to my days, and gave me something to talk about at dinner. And then it turned ugly. The Peanut began to kick and hit and bite me. She would scream at me in what could only be a string of unintelligeable toddler expletives. I didn’t connect this behavior to the potty-training. It would come unpredictably in response to any sort of request, not just the hourly potty-reminders. Because I couldn’t attach it to a specific stimulus, I figured it must just be her. And I began to resent not just the behavior, but also the Peanut.

One Sunday morning, I was carrying the Peanut to the bathroom to sit on the potty. She was screaming at me and then she bit me on the shoulder, and broke through skin and I bled. I cried out in pain and she cried out in fright and I set her down and walked away, because I felt that emotion rising that takes every mother’s heart by surprise–that I did not like this child of mine at all.

The battle might have kept going like that, the resentment getting deeper and wider, if it hadn’t been for what happened next. At church, I took the Peanut into the bathroom before the service. She came agreeably enough, but once we were shut into the teeny tiny stall, and I was kneeling on the filthy floor, and she was standing there with her tights around her knees, she changed her mind. She threw the biggest fit of resistance yet, right there on that dirty floor–me wrestling with her to keep her bare bottom off the dirty floor, her screaming and flailing and hitting me. I managed to pull up her tights and told her that we’d stay there until she was ready to sit on the potty. Her screaming got quiet and her eyes locked onto mine. “Mama,” she said, “Look.” She pointed down to her feet. She had peed on the floor.

I sat in that stall for a few minutes crying in frustration and anger. I handed the Peanut and a diaper to the Sweetie Pie and asked him to change her. “I can’t even look at her right now,” I said, and surprised myself with my own words. The Unstoppable Force and the Immoveable Wall were both on the verge of destruction. Neither of us was willing to relent, and it was only too obvious where we’d end up if we both held our ground. And so, with great force of will, the Immoveable Wall moved and bought a box of diapers. I haven’t asked the Peanut to sit on the potty in a week, and she hasn’t volunteered. But she also hasn’t kicked me, hit me, or bitten me (though she continues to yell at me for other things she doesn’t want to do. We’re working on it.) And my heart is recovering its tenderness. We like each other again.

This potty-training session, a failure by all earthly standards, turned out to be one of God’s weighty mercies. It revealed my own white-knuckled grip on results-based parenting; on choosing “success” over mercy and joy and grace. Loving my children means honoring them and their choices and their unique designs. It means knowing when to move aside and make room for their desires and age-appropriate developments. It means knowing that it’s unrealistic to ask my 3-year-old to restrain her force, and that it’s okay to move my wall to make room for her to pass through.

To be clear, this is not a parenting platitude that I apply evenly to every situation. And, further complicating things, each of my children have different needs and different levels of responsiveness. Like most parenting, I go here with fear and trembling, praying for daily discernment and hourly insight into their needs.

As I struggled with my pride over my decision to get out of the way of the Unstoppable Force, I remembered some recent words to a new homeschooling mama. Her oldest son is still quite young, and she is a Loving Mama eager to instruct him in math and history and grammar. I encouraged her to not be in a hurry to leave a place where our time is short, to arrive at a place where your time will be long. These toddler years are fleeting (notice I said the years are fleeting; I am the first to agree that the days are quite relentless) and the years for using a toilet properly are (one can only hope) plenteous.

I can’t say I was surprised to find that by loving my children through difficult spots I end up liking them more. Somehow I expected that. I think what surprised me was to find that loving them sometimes means getting out of the way. “Getting out of the way” in my old heart-language translated into “failure”, and who wants to fail their kids?? But thankfully, He continues to give this heart of mine grammar lessons in love. What I once saw as failure, I now see as grace. It is this grace that helps me love in difficult places, helps me bring my children into the fullness of themselves, helps me to learn to love even when I don’t “like”.

textbook:
Lesson: Naming God's Blessings in Search of a Fuller Life

## Chapter 1: Introduction to Naming God's Blessings

In this lesson, we will explore the concept of naming God's blessings in our lives. We will learn about the importance of gratitude and how it can lead us to a fuller life. We will also discuss the challenges that come with parenting and how to overcome them.

## Chapter 2: The Importance of Gratitude

Gratitude is an essential emotion that helps us appreciate the good things in our lives. It allows us to focus on the positive aspects of our experiences and helps us build strong relationships with others. By expressing gratitude, we can deepen our connections with those around us and create a more harmonious world.

## Chapter 3: Naming God's Blessings

Naming God's blessings is a powerful practice that can transform our lives. When we take the time to reflect on the good things in our lives, we become more aware of the gifts that surround us. By acknowledging these gifts, we can cultivate a deeper sense of appreciation and gratitude.

## Chapter 4: Overcoming Challenges in Parenting

Parenting can be a challenging experience, especially when dealing with difficult stages or personalities. However, by approaching parenting with patience and compassion, we can overcome these challenges and build stronger relationships with our children.

## Chapter 5: Practical Examples

Let's consider a few practical examples of naming God's blessings in our lives. For instance, when we wake up in the morning, we can express gratitude for the gift of life and the opportunity to start a new day. When we spend time with our families, we can appreciate the love and support that surrounds us. When we encounter challenges, we can find the blessings hidden within them, such as the opportunity to grow and learn.

## Glossary

- Gratitude: The emotion of being thankful and appreciative
- Blessings: The good things in our lives that we can be grateful for
- Naming God's blessings: The practice of reflecting on and acknowledging the gifts in our lives
- Parenting: The process of raising and caring for children
- Challenges: Difficulties or obstacles that we may encounter

Conclusion

By learning to name God's blessings in our lives, we can cultivate a deeper sense of gratitude and appreciation. This practice can help us overcome challenges and build stronger relationships with those around us. May we continue to seek out and recognize the gifts in our lives, and may they lead us to a fuller and more fulfilling existence.


text: Zsófia Bán’s Night School, “a textbook like no other,” is among the most playful of our fourteen Asymptote Book Club selections so far. In keeping with the book’s “defiant irreverence,” its English translator, Jim Tucker, agreed to ditch our regular interview format and temporarily become one of Night School’s pupils.. Each chapter of Zsófia Ban’s textbook ends in a series of questions or assignments, each with a winning mixture of pure zaniness and profound resonance. Here, Jim Tucker answers a set of questions from his own English translation of Night School.. Complete the following sentence: Look before . . .. Jim Tucker (JT): Look before . . . you enter the lion’s den. Which is the home address for translation, a job that can only be done wrong. It’s a miracle that you can make a living at it. Similar to prostitution (“Oh yes, mister, whatever you say”) except it pays a lot less, and you don’t get out as much.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Playfulness in Learning
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the importance of playfulness in learning. We will examine how playfulness can enhance our ability to learn and understand complex concepts. We will also look at how playfulness can help us develop critical thinking skills and apply them to new problems.
Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is that playfulness is an essential part of learning. It helps us to engage with complex concepts and ideas in a way that is enjoyable and memorable.
Lesson Plan:
I. Introduction to Playfulness in Learning
- Definition of playfulness
- Explanation of how playfulness can enhance learning
- Examples of playful learning activities
II. Developing Critical Thinking Skills Through Playful Learning
- Explanation of how playful learning activities can help develop critical thinking skills
- Examples of playful learning activities that promote critical thinking
- Discussion of the benefits of critical thinking in problem-solving
III. Applying Playful Learning to Real-World Scenarios
- Examples of how playful learning can be applied to real-world scenarios
- Discussion of the benefits of applying playful learning to real-world problems
- Examples of how playful learning can be used to solve real-world problems
Conclusion:
In conclusion, playfulness is an essential part of learning. It helps us to engage with complex concepts and ideas in a way that is enjoyable and memorable. By incorporating playful learning activities into our education, we can develop critical thinking skills and apply them to new problems. We can also use playful learning to solve real-world problems in a creative and engaging way.


text: Check the latest Macy’s Sale Ad, valid April 10 – May 12, 2019. View the Macy’s Weekly Ads & Sales, promo codes & promotions, and find amazing savings on almost everything you need for you and your home.. Pay your purchases with the retailer Credit Card and receive Cardholder Benefits including up to 12 star passes every year, exclusive events where you can receive rewards, birthday offers, free shipping for Premier Elite card and more Plenti Points.. See all the deals and this week Macy’s Sale ad before heading out to shop.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Shopping and Budgeting

### Section 1: Understanding Shopping and Budgeting

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- Shopping is the act of buying or purchasing goods or services.
- Budgeting is the process of planning and managing money to achieve financial goals.

**Practical Examples:**
- Suppose you want to buy a new pair of shoes but don't have enough money in your bank account. You can use budgeting to plan how much money you need to save each week until you have enough to make the purchase.
- On the other hand, if you are on a tight budget, you may need to prioritize your spending and decide which items are most important to buy.

**Definitions of Purpose:**
- Shopping is important because it allows us to buy things we need and want.
- Budgeting is important because it helps us manage our money wisely and avoid overspending.

### Section 2: Creating a Shopping Plan

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- A shopping list is a helpful tool that allows you to keep track of what you need to buy.
- Comparing prices is an important part of budgeting, as it helps you get the best deal possible.

**Practical Examples:**
- Let's say you need to buy groceries for the week. You can create a shopping list that includes all the items you need, such as milk, eggs, bread, and vegetables.
- Once you have your list, you can compare prices at different stores to see which one has the best deal. For example, you might find that Store A has eggs on sale for $1.99 a dozen, while Store B has them on sale for $2.50 a dozen. By comparing prices, you can save money on your overall shopping trip.

**Definitions of Purpose:**
- A shopping list helps you stay organized and focused when you go shopping.
- Comparing prices allows you to get the most bang for your buck.

### Section 3: Managing Your Money Wisely

**Theoretical Concepts:**
- A budget is a plan that outlines how much money you have coming in and going out each month.
- Tracking your spending is an important part of budgeting, as it helps you see where your money is going.

**Practical Examples:**
- Let's say you have a monthly budget of $500. This means that you can only spend up to $500 in total for the month.
- To track your spending, you can keep receipts or use an app that tracks your purchases for you. At the end of the month, you can add up all your expenses to see how much you spent.

**Definitions of Purpose:**
- A budget helps you stay in control of your finances and avoid overspending.
- Tracking your spending allows you to see where your money is going and make changes if necessary.

### Glossary
- Shopping: The act of buying or purchasing goods or services.
- Budgeting: The process of planning and managing money to achieve financial goals.
- Shopping List: A helpful tool that allows you to keep track of what you need to buy.
- Comparing Prices: An important part of budgeting that helps you get the best deal possible.
- Budget: A plan that outlines how much money you have coming in and going out each month.
- Tracking Spending: An important part of budgeting that helps you see where your money is going.

### Conclusion
In conclusion, shopping and budgeting are important skills that help us manage our money wisely and make the most of our purchases. By creating a shopping plan and sticking to a budget, we can avoid overspending and make the most of our money. By tracking our spending, we can see where our money is going and make changes if necessary. These skills are valuable not only for shopping but for managing our finances in general.


text: Seller: amy_liz_mac (79) 100%, Location: MACKAY MAIL CENTRE, Queensland, Ships to: AU, Item: 142543059729 Bared Footwear - Diver - size 39 Rose gold and nude coloured straps with light purple heel area. One small mark on bottom of heel (see picture) a little bit of wear as they have been worn but can only see if you look very closely. Only worn a few times. Bared's unique in-built biomechanical footbed has all the support you need, no other fitting options included. 70mm heel height with a 10mm platform. Supportive ankle strap. Durable rubber sole piece. Leather, metallic leather and nubuck leather upper, leather and rubber sole , leather lined footbed. Condition: Pre-Owned, Condition: Worn only a few times, Size: 39, Heel Height: 70mm

textbook:
Lesson: How to Buy Shoes Online

Introduction:
Buying shoes online can be a great experience if you know what to look for. In this lesson, we will cover the basics of buying shoes online, including how to find the right size, style, and fit for your feet. We will also discuss some common mistakes people make when buying shoes online and how to avoid them.

Section 1: Finding the Right Size
One of the most important factors in buying shoes online is finding the right size. Here are some tips to help you find the perfect fit:

1. Measure your feet: Use a tape measure to get an accurate measurement of your foot length and width. This will help you determine your shoe size and ensure that the shoes you buy fit properly.

2. Check the sizing chart: Most online shoe retailers provide a sizing chart that shows the different sizes available for each shoe style. Make sure to check this chart before making a purchase to ensure that you are getting the right size for your feet.

3. Read reviews: Before buying a pair of shoes online, read reviews from other customers who have already purchased the same shoes. This will give you an idea of the shoe's fit and sizing.

Section 2: Choosing the Right Style
Once you have found the right size, it's time to choose a style that suits your taste and needs. Here are some tips to help you choose the perfect shoe style:

1. Consider the occasion: Think about where you will be wearing the shoes. If you are buying shoes for work or formal events, stick to classic and conservative styles. If you are buying shoes for casual occasions, feel free to experiment with more trendy and bold styles.

2. Try on different styles: Don't be afraid to try on different shoe styles. Experimenting with new styles can help you discover new fashion preferences and find the perfect shoe for any occasion.

3. Look for sales and discounts: Shopping for shoes online can be expensive. Keep an eye out for sales and discounts to save money while still getting the perfect pair of shoes.

Section 3: Ensuring a Proper Fit
Ensuring that the shoes you buy online fit properly is essential to avoid discomfort and injury. Here are some tips to help you ensure a proper fit:

1. Check the return policy: Before buying shoes online, make sure to check the retailer's return policy. This way, you can return the shoes if they don't fit properly or if you are not satisfied with the quality.

2. Try on shoes with socks: When trying on shoes, make sure to wear the same socks that you would wear with the shoes. This will give you an accurate idea of how the shoes will feel on your feet.

3. Walk around: When trying on shoes, walk around the store or your house to see if the shoes are comfortable and provide proper support.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, buying shoes online can be a convenient and cost-effective way to find the perfect pair of shoes. By following the tips provided in this lesson, you can ensure that you find the right size, style, and fit for your feet. Remember to always read reviews, check sizing charts, and try on different styles to find the perfect pair of shoes for any occasion.


text:
Dean Werries

E. Dean Werries (1926-2012) was an American businessman from Oklahoma. Werries previously served as the Oklahoma Secretary of Commerce under Governor of Oklahoma Frank Keating from 1995 to 1997. Prior to his service as Secretary, Werries served as chairman of Sonic and as chairman and chief executive officer of the Fleming Companies, Inc.

Career with Flemings
Werries joined the Fleming Companies, Inc, a Kansas, later Oklahoma-based supplier of consumer package goods to retailers, in 1955. In 1981, he came that firm's President. He remained in that position until 1988 when he became Fleming's chief executive officer. Werries retired as CEO in October 1993 to become the chairman of the board of directors for Fleming. He continued to serve as chairman until 1994, when he retired as the age of 64.

Career with Sonic
While still CEO of Fleming, Werries was elected to the board of directors for Sonic Drive-In in 1991. When Werries retired from Fleming in 1994, Sonic shareholders elected him as the chairman of their board of directors. He remained with Sonic until his retirement in 2000. J. Clifford Hudson, Sonic's CEO, was elected as board chair to succeed Werries.

Following his retirement, he was named director emeritus, which allowed him to participate in all meetings of Sonic's board of directors but not the right to vote.

Secretary of Commerce
In 1995, Republican Governor of Oklahoma Frank Keating appointed Werries as his first Secretary of Commerce. As Secretary, Werries oversaw the operations of the Oklahoma Department of Commerce. He remained in that position until he resigned in 1997. Governor Keating appointed Ron Rosenfeld, a housing development expert, to succeed Werries as Secretary.

Personal life
Werries has served on the board of directors for Oklahoma Christian University and has served as a trustee of the Oklahoma School of Science and Mathematics Foundation.

External links
Sonic Drive-In website

References

Category:State cabinet secretaries of Oklahoma
Category:2012 deaths
Category:1926 births

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Business and Entrepreneurship

## Chapter 1: Introduction to Business and Entrepreneurship

### Section 1: What is Business?

Business is an organization or enterprising entity engaged in commercial, industrial, or professional activities. It aims to make a profit by providing goods or services to customers. Businesses can be small, medium, or large, and they operate in various industries such as manufacturing, retail, finance, healthcare, and technology.

### Section 2: What is Entrepreneurship?

Entrepreneurship is the process of creating, managing, and expanding a business. An entrepreneur is someone who takes the risk of starting a business, innovating new products or services, and creating jobs. Entrepreneurs play a vital role in economic growth and development by introducing new ideas and technologies to the market.

### Section 3: Importance of Business and Entrepreneurship

Business and entrepreneurship are essential for economic growth and development. They create jobs, increase productivity, improve living standards, and contribute to technological advancements. Additionally, businesses provide goods and services that people need, and entrepreneurs introduce new ideas and innovations that benefit society.

### Conclusion

In this chapter, we learned about business and entrepreneurship, their importance, and their role in economic growth and development. In the next chapter, we will explore different types of businesses and their characteristics.