text: This post was last updated on February 16, 2017.. Marathon Training 101 – Part 2Learn about three phases of marathon training: strength and speed, race preparation, and taper. Find out where you stand in your marathon training schedule. . Marathon Training 101 – Part 3You're in the home stretch of your marathon training. Find out what to do during the last stretch of training and afterwards.

textbook:
Lesson: Marathon Training 101

Introduction:
Marathon training is a process that requires dedication, discipline, and patience. It involves a series of steps that help runners prepare for their first marathon or improve their time in subsequent races. In this lesson, we will cover the three phases of marathon training: strength and speed, race preparation, and taper. We will also provide information on where you stand in your marathon training schedule.

Section 1: Strength and Speed

Topic 1: Building Endurance
- Endurance is the ability of the body to withstand prolonged physical activity without getting tired.
- To build endurance, runners need to gradually increase their mileage and incorporate long runs into their training schedule.
- A typical marathon training program includes at least 18 weeks of training, with weekly mileage increasing by 10% each week.
- Runners should also incorporate cross-training activities such as swimming, cycling, or strength training to build overall strength and prevent injuries.

Topic 2: Improving Speed and Agility
- Speed and agility are essential components of marathon training.
- Runners should incorporate interval training, hill repeats, and track workouts to improve their speed and agility.
- Interval training involves alternating periods of high-intensity exercise with periods of rest.
- Hill repeats involve running up and down a hill repeatedly to improve leg strength and power.
- Track workouts involve running laps around a track to improve speed and endurance.

Section 2: Race Preparation

Topic 1: Tapering
- Tapering is the final phase of marathon training, which involves reducing training volume and intensity in the weeks leading up to the race.
- The purpose of tapering is to allow the body to recover fully and reduce the risk of injury.
- Runners should gradually reduce their mileage and intensity in the two to three weeks before the race.
- During this phase, runners should focus on maintaining their fitness level and avoiding injury.

Topic 2: Nutrition and Hydration
- Proper nutrition and hydration are crucial for optimal performance during a marathon.
- Runners should consume a balanced diet that includes carbohydrates, proteins, and healthy fats.
- Carbohydrates are essential for energy production, while proteins help repair and rebuild muscle tissue.
- Runners should also drink plenty of water to stay hydrated during the race.
- On race day, runners should consume a high-carbohydrate meal and drink plenty of water in the hours leading up to the race.

Section 3: Conclusion

In conclusion, marathon training is a complex process that requires careful planning and execution. By following the three phases of marathon training and incorporating strength and speed, race preparation, and taper into your training schedule, you can improve your endurance, speed, and agility. Remember to focus on proper nutrition and hydration during the race to ensure optimal performance. Good luck with your marathon training!

Glossary:
- Endurance: The ability of the body to withstand prolonged physical activity without getting tired.
- Interval training: A type of training that involves alternating periods of high-intensity exercise with periods of rest.
- Hill repeats: A training exercise that involves running up and down a hill repeatedly to improve leg strength and power.
- Track workouts: A type of training that involves running laps around a track to improve speed and endurance.
- Tapering: The final phase of marathon training, which involves reducing training volume and intensity in the weeks leading up to the race.


text: To improve our overall academic environment, the RISE program was initiated in 1998to prepare students to become scientists. As part of this long term goal of increasing the number of Hispanics studying for the Ph.D., this proposal is concentrating on helping students in three areas, 1- their lack of awareness for career opportunities and of their own potential, 2- their limited research skills and experience, and 3- limited English language skills. These were identified and interventions will be monitored by an external evaluator working with the activity coordinators, program director, and the RISE Advisory Committee. To address these needs four developmental activities are prescribed- visiting scientists, research skills, language skills, and research experiences. Reaching the entire science community, visiting scientists provide seminars and workshops in English to improve attendees' awareness of new techniques and discover science careers, and to serve as role models. Improving the skills of motivated students will be accomplished during their first year by having activities related to research techniques, scientific literacy, and language skills. Research experiences for twelve students will be offered during the academic year in Puerto Rico with active investigators both at UPR-Cayeyand at four collaborating institutions. Additional research experiences will be offered to over 40 students during summer internships at 20 collaborating institutions in the USA. Each component enables students to develop their potential by interacting with a different group of experts: 1) research and language skills with on-campus faculty mentors, 2) motivational visiting scientists, and 3) research lab experience with either on-island research mentors or with off-island scientists located in the USA. Each expert group challenges the students as they develop utilizing the appropriate environment and level of expertise to produce UPRC alumni who will be biomedical research scientists. During the last 8 years, 20 MBRS Alumni completed Ph.D.s and 40 alumni began their Ph.D. studies. By doubling the number of alumni entering doctoral programs, RISE will impact the community. These UPRC scientists will serve to meet the health disparity needs of the Hispanic population in Puerto Rico and the nation by working to discover the causes and remedies of diseases.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Research Skills

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Research skills are essential for anyone who wants to pursue a career in science. They involve collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data to answer research questions. In this lesson, we will explore the different aspects of research skills and how they can be applied in real-world scenarios.

### Section 2: Practical Examples
Let's consider a hypothetical research question: "What factors contribute to the success of a scientific experiment?" To answer this question, a researcher would need to gather data from various sources, such as scientific journals, surveys, and interviews. They would then analyze the data using statistical methods to identify patterns and trends. Finally, they would interpret the results to draw conclusions about what factors contribute to the success of a scientific experiment.

For example, let's say a researcher wants to study the effectiveness of a new cancer treatment. They could gather data on the treatment's success rate, side effects, and cost compared to other treatments. They could then analyze this data to determine if the new treatment is more effective, less expensive, or has fewer side effects than other treatments. Finally, they could interpret the results to draw conclusions about whether the new treatment should be recommended to patients.

### Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Research skills are not only useful in scientific experiments but also in everyday life. For example, when choosing a new car, you might want to research different makes and models to find one that meets your needs and budget. You could gather data on fuel efficiency, safety ratings, and customer reviews. You could then analyze this data to determine which car is the best value for your money. Finally, you could interpret the results to make an informed decision about which car to buy.

### Glossary
- Research: A systematic investigation into a particular subject or area of interest.
- Data: Facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis.
- Analysis: The process of breaking down information into smaller parts to understand it better.
- Interpret: To explain or understand the meaning of something.
- Conclusion: The result or outcome of an investigation or experiment.
- Hypothesis: A tentative explanation for an observed phenomenon.
- Statistical Methods: Mathematical techniques used to analyze data and draw conclusions.
- Surveys: A method of collecting data through questions and answers.
- Interviews: A conversation between two or more people to gather information.
- Cancer Treatment: Medical procedures used to treat cancer.
- Effectiveness: How well something achieves its intended purpose.
- Side Effects: Unwanted or unintended consequences of a medication or treatment.
- Cost: The amount of money needed to purchase something.
- Value: The worth or importance of something.

### Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about research skills and how they can be applied in both scientific and everyday scenarios. We explored theoretical concepts, practical examples, and real-world scenarios to demonstrate the importance of research skills in answering research questions. By mastering these skills, we can make informed decisions and contribute to the advancement of science.


text: - University Tees. UTees Gives Back. Develop People + Change Lives™. University Tees is not just clothes. It is the people inside them. It is you. It is us. Our team. Who we are. How we think. What we believe. That is what sets us apart. And brings us together. University.. In 2020, University Tees Donated $296,523. HOW WE GIVE. We support the causes that you care about. Because of you, we are able to support organizations that are doing life-changing work across the country.. GET INVOLVED!. To learn more about our philanthropy program and how to participate, please contact your Campus Manager.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: University Tees' Philanthropy Program

**Introduction:** University Tees is a company that sells clothes, but it is also known for its philanthropy program. The company donates a portion of its profits to support various causes that their customers care about. In this lesson, we will learn about University Tees' philanthropy program and how it works.

**Section 1: What is University Tees' Philanthropy Program?**
University Tees' philanthropy program is a way for the company to give back to the community. The program donates a portion of its profits to support organizations that are doing life-changing work across the country.

**Section 2: How does University Tees' Philanthropy Program work?**
University Tees supports the causes that their customers care about. Customers can choose which organization they want to support when they purchase a product from University Tees. The company then donates a portion of the profits from those sales to the chosen organization.

**Section 3: Why does University Tees have a Philanthropy Program?**
University Tees has a philanthropy program because they believe in giving back to the community. They want to make a positive impact on people's lives and support organizations that are doing important work.

**Section 4: Examples of Organizations Supported by University Tees' Philanthropy Program**
Some of the organizations that University Tees has supported include Feeding America, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, and Habitat for Humanity.

**Glossary:**
- Philanthropy: The act of giving money or time to help others
- Profit: The money that is left after all expenses have been paid
- Organization: A group of people working together to achieve a common goal

**Conclusion:**
University Tees' philanthropy program is an excellent example of how companies can give back to the community. By supporting the causes that their customers care about, University Tees is making a positive impact on people's lives. This lesson has taught us about the importance of giving back and how we can use our resources to make a difference.


text:
A prominent opponent of the war, Democratic Rep. John Murtha of Pennsylvania, repeated his call for redeploying U.S. troops over a six-month period to take them out of what he called a civil war.

“We have to say to the Iraqis, ‘This is your war. This is no longer our war. You’ve got an elected government. This is up to you now to settle this thing,”’ Murtha said.

Murtha, also appearing on NBC, said he didn’t see progress in Iraq in terms of the slow training of security forces and the low levels of employment, fresh water, electricity and oil production.

Cheney denies civil war
Vice President Dick Cheney said Sunday that Iraq is not in the midst of a civil war, but instead described the violence as a desperate tactic by terrorists in the country to stop the move to democracy.

“What we’ve seen is a serious effort by them to foment a civil war,” Cheney said in an interview on “Face the Nation” on CBS on the third anniversary of the U.S. invasion of Iraq. “But I don’t think they’ve been successful.”

“It is unfortunate that we are in civil war. We are losing each day as an average 50 to 60 people throughout the country, if not more,” Allawi told the British Broadcasting Corp. “If this is not civil war, then God knows what civil war is.”

Cheney said he did not think optimistic statements that he has made about the war have contributed to Americans’ skepticism about the war. For instance, the vice president predicted that invading U.S. troops would be greeted as liberators and then said 10 months ago that the insurgency is in its last throes, even though violence still rages. Cheney said the optimistic statements “were basically accurate, reflect reality.”

He said most Americans have a negative perception of Iraq because they keep seeing daily violence in the news instead of the progress being made toward democracy.

“There is a constant sort of perception, if you will, that’s created because what’s newsworthy in the car bomb in Baghdad,” he said. “It’s not all the work that went on that day in 15 other provinces.”

textbook:
Lesson: The War in Iraq

Introduction:
The war in Iraq has been a contentious issue since its inception in 2003. The United States invaded Iraq under the pretext of weapons of mass destruction and to eliminate the threat posed by Saddam Hussein. However, the war has had far-reaching consequences, including the loss of thousands of lives and billions of dollars spent on military operations. In this lesson, we will explore the key aspects of the war in Iraq, including the reasons for the invasion, the impact of the war on the Iraqi people, and the ongoing debate over the withdrawal of troops.

Section 1: The Reasons for the Invasion

The decision to invade Iraq was based on several factors, including the belief that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and that Saddam Hussein posed a threat to the United States. However, these claims were later proven to be false. Additionally, the Bush administration believed that the invasion would lead to the establishment of a democratic government in Iraq and promote stability in the region.

Question: Why did the United States invade Iraq?
Answer: The United States invaded Iraq because it believed that Iraq possessed WMDs and that Saddam Hussein posed a threat to the United States. Additionally, the Bush administration hoped to establish a democratic government in Iraq and promote stability in the region.

Section 2: The Impact of the War on the Iraqi People

The war in Iraq has had a devastating impact on the Iraqi people. Thousands of civilians have been killed or injured in the conflict, and millions have been displaced from their homes. The war has also led to the destruction of infrastructure, including schools, hospitals, and power plants. Furthermore, the ongoing violence has made it difficult for Iraqis to access basic services such as clean water and electricity.

Question: What has been the impact of the war on the Iraqi people?
Answer: The war in Iraq has had a devastating impact on the Iraqi people, leading to the death and injury of thousands of civilians, the displacement of millions, and the destruction of infrastructure.

Section 3: The Debate Over Withdrawal of Troops

The ongoing conflict in Iraq has led to a debate over the withdrawal of troops. Some argue that the United States should continue to invest resources in Iraq to support the establishment of a stable government. Others believe that the war has been a mistake and that the United States should focus on addressing domestic issues.

Question: Should the United States withdraw its troops from Iraq?
Answer: The debate over the withdrawal of troops from Iraq is ongoing, with some arguing that the United States should continue to invest resources in Iraq to support the establishment of a stable government, while others believe that the war has been a mistake and that the United States should focus on addressing domestic issues.

Conclusion:
The war in Iraq has had far-reaching consequences, both for the United States and for the Iraqi people. By examining the reasons for the invasion, the impact of the war on the Iraqi people, and the ongoing debate over the withdrawal of troops, we can gain a deeper understanding of the complexities of this conflict. As we continue to grapple with the challenges posed by the war in Iraq, it is essential that we approach the issue with an open mind and a commitment to finding solutions that promote peace and stability.


text: back to. DITELO. TRAMORPH - TRAnscription based on MORPHology. This is a tool developed both to get a reliable transcription and to obtain POS for almost any Italian word (see the page about the. morphological analyzer. - they are strictly related). It includes a preprocessing module which translates iso chars in a format suitable for the tool, and a default transcription module to transcribe unknown words (always too many, believe me!). Some documentation follows:. general description. of the tool. TRAMORPH. usage. and output format. useful. preprocessing. to get transcriptions for wordlists. phonetic units. returned and relation to SAMPA ones. syntactic classes. used in TRAMORPH and comparison with Eagles directives. Are you interested? Maybe in some future ELRA will distribute this tool, but at present ask us. ! <!img SRC="./img/mailrg.gif">. Last update 10/12/1998 - Maintainer. Roberto Gretter

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Natural Language Processing

### Section 1: What is Natural Language Processing?
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a field of computer science that deals with the interaction between computers and humans using natural language. It involves the analysis, understanding, and generation of human language by machines.

### Section 2: Why is NLP important?
NLP is important because it enables machines to understand and process large amounts of natural language data. This has applications in areas such as speech recognition, machine translation, sentiment analysis, and text mining.

### Section 3: How does NLP work?
NLP works by using algorithms and statistical models to analyze and understand natural language. This involves breaking down sentences into their constituent parts (such as words, phrases, and sentences), analyzing their structure and meaning, and then using this information to generate responses or take actions.

### Section 4: What are some common techniques used in NLP?
Some common techniques used in NLP include tokenization (breaking down text into individual words), stemming and lemmatization (reducing words to their root form), part-of-speech tagging (identifying the grammatical category of a word), and named entity recognition (identifying and categorizing named entities such as people, places, and organizations).

### Section 5: What are some real-world applications of NLP?
Some real-world applications of NLP include chatbots, virtual assistants, and language translation software. For example, the Google Translate tool uses NLP to translate text from one language to another, making it easier for people to communicate across language barriers.

### Section 6: Conclusion
NLP is an exciting field that has many practical applications in our daily lives. By enabling machines to understand and process natural language data, we can improve communication, automate tasks, and gain insights from large amounts of text data.


text: Well, I think I have successfully upgraded to MT 3.2 I'm not sure why the little "powered by" thingy isn't showing up correctly.. And now I have all kinds of new features and settings to play with! I haven't done a heck of a lot of playing with it yet, tonight I mostly wanted to get it upgraded and then make sure everything was still working. That seems to be true so I'm going to bed! I'll have to play more tomorrow..

textbook:
Lesson: Upgrading Software

Introduction:
In today's world, technology is constantly changing and improving. One way we can keep up with these changes is by upgrading our software. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of upgrading software, the steps involved in upgrading, and some common issues that may arise during the process.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is that upgrading software is essential to keep our devices running smoothly and efficiently. It also helps us stay up-to-date with the latest features and security measures.

Section 1: Importance of Upgrading Software

Topic 1: Why Upgrade?
- Explains the importance of upgrading software and how it keeps our devices running smoothly and efficiently.
- Provides examples of how upgrading software can improve performance, add new features, and fix security issues.

Topic 2: Staying Up-to-Date
- Discusses the importance of staying up-to-date with the latest software versions and updates.
- Emphasizes that failing to upgrade can result in compatibility issues, security vulnerabilities, and reduced performance.

Section 2: Steps Involved in Upgrading Software

Topic 1: Backup Data
- Explains the importance of backing up data before upgrading software.
- Provides instructions on how to create a backup of important files and documents.

Topic 2: Check System Requirements
- Highlights the need to check system requirements before upgrading software.
- Provides examples of system requirements and explains how they affect the upgrading process.

Topic 3: Download and Install Update
- Outlines the steps involved in downloading and installing an update.
- Provides tips on how to avoid common mistakes during the installation process.

Section 3: Common Issues During Upgrading Software

Topic 1: Compatibility Issues
- Discusses compatibility issues that may arise during the upgrading process.
- Provides solutions for dealing with compatibility issues, such as rolling back to a previous version or updating drivers.

Topic 2: Corrupt Files
- Explains what corrupt files are and how they can affect the upgrading process.
- Offers tips on how to prevent corrupt files, such as using anti-virus software and avoiding downloads from untrustworthy sources.

Topic 3: Technical Support
- Highlights the importance of technical support during the upgrading process.
- Provides information on how to contact technical support and what information to provide when seeking assistance.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, upgrading software is essential to keep our devices running smoothly and efficiently. By following the steps involved in upgrading software and being aware of common issues, we can ensure a successful upgrade. Remember to backup data, check system requirements, and seek technical support if needed. By applying these concepts, we can stay up-to-date with the latest software versions and security measures.

Glossary:
- Software: A set of instructions, data or programs used to operate a device or perform a task.
- Upgrade: To improve or modify something to make it better or more advanced.
- Compatibility: The ability of different pieces of software or hardware to work together.
- Corrupt: Damaged or altered in such a way as to cause errors in the system.

Self-Debate:
- Is it always necessary to upgrade software as soon as a new version is released?
- How important is it to backup data before upgrading software?
- What are some common issues that may arise during the upgrading process?


text: Earth Hour Nice to ‘see’ the Parthenon in its original ‘context’: BBC Photo About these ads Iactetur bloggus:TwitterFacebookGoogleRedditEmailLike this:Like Loading... Related. One thought on “Earth Hour”. The rogueclassicist is right.. Lighting up ancient monuments is simply turning them into eye candy and actually transforms them into visual monstrosities since a) they were architecturally and artistically designed to be illuminated from above by the natural light of the sun and sky (and occasionally the moon) and b) their once quiet stateliness under a starry sky is vitiated by the garish and excessive illumination splashed all over them.. In addition, the wasted light that is sent upwards into the heavens washes out our view of the cosmos and limits our understanding of humanity’s place in it. That’s hardly fitting for honoring a culture that has given us so much direction in that process.

textbook:
Lesson: Earth Hour - Understanding the Impact of Light Pollution on Ancient Monuments

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the impact of light pollution on ancient monuments and learn about the importance of preserving our cultural heritage. We will discuss the significance of Earth Hour and how it raises awareness about the negative effects of excessive lighting on historical sites.

Section 1: Understanding Light Pollution

Topic: What is light pollution?

Definition: Light pollution refers to the excessive and unnecessary use of artificial light, which can have negative effects on the environment, wildlife, and human health.

Question: How does light pollution affect ancient monuments?

Answer: Light pollution can have a significant impact on ancient monuments. Excessive lighting can wash out the night sky, limit our view of the cosmos, and alter the stately atmosphere of these historical sites. It can also damage the structural integrity of the monuments and fade the colors of their artwork.

Section 2: The Significance of Earth Hour

Topic: What is Earth Hour?

Definition: Earth Hour is an annual event organized by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), where people around the world turn off their lights for one hour to raise awareness about climate change and energy conservation.

Question: Why is Earth Hour important?

Answer: Earth Hour is important because it raises awareness about the negative effects of excessive lighting on the environment, wildlife, and human health. By participating in Earth Hour, we can show our support for sustainable energy practices and help protect our planet for future generations.

Section 3: Preserving Our Cultural Heritage

Topic: Why is it important to preserve ancient monuments?

Definition: Ancient monuments are important because they represent the rich cultural history of our planet. They provide valuable insights into the lives, beliefs, and achievements of past civilizations, and serve as a testament to the human spirit's creativity and resilience.

Question: How can we preserve ancient monuments?

Answer: To preserve ancient monuments, we need to take steps such as reducing light pollution, limiting visitor access, and implementing proper conservation techniques. We must also educate ourselves and others about the importance of preserving our cultural heritage and work together to protect these valuable resources for future generations.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, Earth Hour is an important event that raises awareness about the negative effects of excessive lighting on ancient monuments. By participating in Earth Hour and taking steps to reduce light pollution, we can help preserve our cultural heritage and protect our planet for future generations.

Glossary:
- Light pollution: The excessive and unnecessary use of artificial light that can have negative effects on the environment, wildlife, and human health.
- Ancient monuments: Structures or objects of historical, cultural, or archaeological significance that represent the rich cultural history of our planet.
- Earth Hour: An annual event organized by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), where people around the world turn off their lights for one hour to raise awareness about climate change and energy conservation.
- Preserve: To keep alive or in existence; to maintain or prevent from decaying, deterioration, or destruction.

[1] "Light Pollution". National Park Service. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
[2] "Earth Hour". World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 18 February 2019.


text: Promulgation(redirected from Promulagation). Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal.. Related to Promulagation: promulgation. Promulgation. in bourgeois state law, the official proclamation of a law adopted by the parliament. Promulgation involves approval of the draft law by the head of state within a constitutionally established period and publication of the approved law in an official bulletin; the law is then enforceable.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Law and Legal Systems

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of law and legal systems, and to explain the role of promulgation in the legal process.

**Section 1: Introduction to Law and Legal Systems**

Law is a set of rules that govern behavior and control the interactions between people and organizations. Legal systems are the frameworks within which these rules are created, interpreted, and enforced. In this lesson, we will explore the basic concepts of law and legal systems.

**Section 2: Promulgation and the Legal Process**

Promulgation is the process by which a law is officially proclaimed and made public. This is an important step in the legal process, as it ensures that the public is aware of the new law and can begin to comply with it. Promulgation typically involves the approval of the draft law by the head of state, publication of the approved law in an official bulletin, and a waiting period before the law becomes enforceable.

**Section 3: Understanding Promulgation**

Promulgation is an important part of the legal process because it ensures that the public has notice of the new law and can begin to comply with it. This means that individuals and organizations have a chance to understand the new law and adjust their behavior accordingly. Promulgation also helps to ensure that laws are not passed in secret or without public scrutiny.

**Section 4: Practical Examples**

Let's consider an example of how promulgation works in practice. Suppose a new tax law is passed by the parliament of a country. Before the law can be enforced, it must go through the promulgation process. This would involve the approval of the draft law by the head of state, publication of the approved law in an official bulletin, and a waiting period before the law becomes enforceable. During this time, individuals and organizations can review the new law and begin to prepare for its implementation.

**Section 5: Conclusion**

In conclusion, promulgation is an important part of the legal process that ensures transparency and accountability in the creation and enforcement of laws. By understanding the role of promulgation in the legal process, we can better appreciate the importance of the rule of law and the protection it provides for individuals and organizations.


text:
The separability of temporal frequency and velocity.
McKee, Silverman and Nakayama (1986; Vision Research, 26, 609-619) have shown that velocity discrimination performance is little affected by quite large random changes in the spatial frequency, and hence temporal frequency, of the grating patterns to be discriminated. We show that the converse is also true: temporal frequency discrimination can be performed despite random changes in velocity. This casts doubt on McKee et al.'s conclusion that velocity is the fundamental dimension of the temporal mechanisms mediating discrimination and that temporal frequency has to be inferred indirectly from velocity and spatial frequency. We suggest instead that both velocity and temporal frequency are represented in the visual system but that the two dimensions are only partially separable at the perceptual level.

textbook:
Lesson: Temporal Frequency and Velocity

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the separability of temporal frequency and velocity. We will explore how these two concepts are related and how they are represented in the visual system. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the difference between temporal frequency and velocity and how they are perceived by our brain.

Section 1: Temporal Frequency and Velocity
Temporal frequency refers to the number of cycles or changes that occur in a specific time period. It is usually measured in Hertz (Hz). On the other hand, velocity refers to the speed at which an object is moving. In the context of vision, temporal frequency and velocity are two important factors that determine how we perceive and process visual information.

Section 2: Separability of Temporal Frequency and Velocity
Research has shown that temporal frequency discrimination can be performed despite random changes in velocity. This means that our brain can separate temporal frequency and velocity when processing visual information. However, both temporal frequency and velocity are represented in the visual system, but they are only partially separable at the perceptual level. This means that we cannot completely separate one from the other, but we can perceive them as distinct entities.

Section 3: Applications
Understanding the separability of temporal frequency and velocity has several applications in different fields. For example, in psychology, this concept can be used to study how our brain processes visual information. In engineering, this concept can be applied to design better visual systems for machines. In medicine, this concept can be used to understand how the visual system works in cases of visual impairments.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, we have learned that temporal frequency and velocity are two important factors that determine how we perceive and process visual information. While they are related, they can be separated in our brain. This concept has several applications in different fields, and understanding it can help us better understand how our visual system works.

Glossary:
- Temporal frequency: The number of cycles or changes that occur in a specific time period, usually measured in Hertz (Hz).
- Velocity: The speed at which an object is moving.
- Visual system: The part of the nervous system responsible for processing visual information.

[1] McKee, S., Silverman, J., & Nakayama, K. (1986). Velocity discrimination performance with random changes in spatial frequency, temporal frequency, and luminance. Vision Research, 26(4), 609-619.


text: Just downloaded the Quotetracker and had some questions re the link between IB and Quotetracker. Is it faster /easier to trade from within IB and toggle to Quotetracker for charts, L2, etc. or trade and do everything from within Quotetracker ? Is there a way to toggle back and forth between IB and Quotetracker ? Are there any security issues to be concerned about if logging on to one's IB account from within Quotetracker ? For those with IB accounts using Quotetracker what has been your experience using the two together ? Thanks.

textbook:
## Lesson: Using Interactive Brokers and Quotetracker Together
### Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn how to use Interactive Brokers (IB) and Quotetracker together to trade stocks and options. We will cover the following topics:
- What is Interactive Brokers?
- What is Quotetracker?
- How to use IB and Quotetracker together?
### Section 2: What is Interactive Brokers?
Interactive Brokers is an online brokerage platform that allows you to buy and sell stocks, options, and other financial instruments. It offers competitive commissions, a wide range of tradable assets, and advanced trading tools.
### Section 3: What is Quotetracker?
Quotetracker is a charting software that provides real-time quotes, charts, and technical analysis tools for stocks, options, and futures. It is designed to work with Interactive Brokers and other brokerage platforms.
### Section 4: How to use IB and Quotetracker together?
To use IB and Quotetracker together, you need to first open an account with IB. Once you have an account, you can log into Quotetracker and connect it to your IB account. Here are the steps:
1. Open an account with IB.
2. Log into Quotetracker and click on the "Account Management" tab.
3. Click on "Add New" and select "Interactive Brokers" from the list of brokers.
4. Enter your IB account information and click on "Submit".
5. Quotetracker will now connect to your IB account and display your account balance, positions, and other information.
6. To trade, you can use the Quotetracker trading interface or the IB desktop platform. You can also use the Quotetracker charts to analyze the market and find trading opportunities.
### Section 5: Conclusion
In conclusion, using IB and Quotetracker together can provide you with a powerful trading platform that combines the advanced trading tools of IB with the charting and technical analysis capabilities of Quotetracker. By following the steps outlined above, you can easily set up your account and start trading. Remember to always use proper risk management techniques and to do your own research before making any trades.


text: jeter1.png. The New Definitive Way To Measure Defensive Statistics (Popular Science). New cameras and object-recognition software will be able to record every movement of every player on the field during a given play, measuring factors such as one’s speed and route to the ball. In other words, this technology might finally be able to explain the greatness (and deficiencies) of defensive players.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Analyze Baseball Defensive Statistics

**Introduction:** In this lesson, we will learn how to analyze baseball defensive statistics using new technology. We will cover the basics of measuring defensive performance, including factors such as speed, route to the ball, and overall greatness.

**Section 1: Measuring Defensive Performance**

The first step in analyzing baseball defensive statistics is understanding what factors contribute to a good defensive performance. These factors include:

- **Speed:** How quickly a player can get to the ball and make a play.
- **Route to the Ball:** How efficiently a player can get to the ball based on its trajectory.
- **Overall Greatness:** A combination of speed, instincts, and ability to make plays.

To measure these factors, new technology such as cameras and object-recognition software are being used to record every movement of every player on the field during a given play.

**Section 2: Analyzing Defensive Stats**

Once we have measured the defensive performance of a player, we can analyze their stats to determine their overall effectiveness. Some common defensive stats include:

- **Putouts:** The number of outs a player makes in a game.
- **Assists:** The number of times a player helps another player make an out.
- **Errors:** The number of mistakes a player makes that lead to a run being scored.

We can also calculate more advanced stats such as:

- **Defensive Efficiency:** The percentage of balls hit to a player that result in an out.
- **Range Factor:** The number of plays made per nine innings by a player.

To calculate these stats, we use data from the games played by the player and apply statistical formulas.

**Section 3: Real-World Examples**

Let's take a look at some real-world examples of how defensive stats can be used to evaluate a player's performance.

- **Putouts:** In a game, a shortstop made 5 putouts. This means they were responsible for getting 5 outs on their own.
- **Assists:** A second baseman had 3 assists in a game. This means they helped the shortstop make 3 outs by fielding a ground ball and throwing to first base.
- **Errors:** A center fielder misplayed a fly ball, resulting in an error. This mistake led to a run being scored.

By analyzing these stats, we can determine which players are making the most plays and which players are making costly errors.

**Conclusion:** In this lesson, we learned how to analyze baseball defensive statistics using new technology and statistical formulas. By measuring factors such as speed, route to the ball, and overall greatness, we can evaluate a player's performance and make informed decisions about their abilities. By applying these skills to new problems, we can determine which players are the best defenders and make data-driven decisions about team strategy.

**Glossary:**
- **Putouts:** The number of outs a player makes in a game.
- **Assists:** The number of times a player helps another player make an out.
- **Errors:** The number of mistakes a player makes that lead to a run being scored.
- **Defensive Efficiency:** The percentage of balls hit to a player that result in an out.
- **Range Factor:** The number of plays made per nine innings by a player.


text:
Q:

Which gas is a oxidizing agent as well as a reducing agent?

I think it's Hydrogen, because,
$\ce{PbO + H2 -> Pb + H2O}$
Here $\ce{PbO}$ is reduced to $\ce{Pb}$ and $\ce{H2}$ acts as a reducing agent.
But, in $\ce{2K + H2 -> 2KH}$, hydrogen gains a electron and undergoes reduction
Thus, $\ce{K}$ is oxidized to $\ce{KH}$ and hydrogen works as oxidizing agent.
My teacher says it's wrong but doesn't give any explanation.
Can someone explain why my reasoning is wrong.

A:

I'm guessing your teacher is looking for sulfur dioxide as the answer, but I don't see how or why you're supposed to be able to arrive to this answer logically. Either you'd need to read about it specifically, or maybe you're supposed to stare at a table of standard reduction potentials and notice that $\ce{SO2}$ appears as both a reagent and as a product with comparable voltages:
$$
\begin{array}{}
\ce{SO2(aq) + 4 H+(aq) + 4 e- &<=>& S(s) + 2 H2O(l)} &  E^\circ = \pu{+0.50 V}\\
\ce{SO2(aq) + 2 H2O(l) &<=>& SO4^2-(aq) + 4 H+(aq) + 2 e-} &  E^\circ = \pu{-0.17 V}
\end{array}
$$
(The bottom equation is the inverse of what you would find in a reduction potential table)
Extrapolating from these aqueous potentials, it appears $\ce{SO2}$ is a modest reductant and a weak oxidiser, but both reactions can be accessed in reasonable conditions.
I think you're technically correct (as Ivan mentions), but what makes hydrogen gas a "less correct" answer is that it only rarely acts an oxidiser (in the presence of very strong reducing agents, such as alkali metals), whereas it can act as a reductant much more commonly. Compare these equations with the ones above:
$$
\begin{array}{}
\ce{H2(g) + 2 e- &<=>& 2 H^-(aq, extrapolated)} &  E^\circ = \pu{-2.3 V}\\
\ce{H2(g) &<=>& 2 H+(aq) + 2 e-} &  E^\circ = \pu{+0.00 V}
\end{array}
$$
(Reference for the hydride potential)
Note the much larger gap in potential between the two reactions. In this sense, the reducing nature of $\ce{H2}$ vastly overwhelms its oxidising nature, so most people will think of it as a reducing gas.

textbook:
Lesson: Oxidation and Reduction Reactions

Introduction:
Oxidation and reduction reactions are fundamental concepts in chemistry. Oxidation is the process of losing electrons, while reduction is the process of gaining electrons. These reactions occur in many chemical processes, including combustion, corrosion, and photosynthesis. Understanding oxidation and reduction reactions is essential for predicting the products of chemical reactions and designing chemical processes.

Theoretical Concepts:
1. Oxidation and reduction reactions involve the transfer of electrons between species.
2. In an oxidation reaction, a species loses electrons and becomes more oxidized. In a reduction reaction, a species gains electrons and becomes less oxidized.
3. The transfer of electrons can occur between elements in a compound, between different compounds, or between elements and compounds.
4. The difference in the oxidation states of the species involved in the reaction is called the change in oxidation state.
5. The change in oxidation state can be used to determine the oxidation and reduction half-reactions.
6. The overall reaction is the sum of the oxidation and reduction half-reactions.

Practical Examples:
1. Combustion of methane:
$$\ce{CH4 + 2 O2 -> CO2 + 2 H2O}$$
In this reaction, methane (a hydrocarbon) reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. Methane is oxidized, while oxygen is reduced.
2. Corrosion of iron:
$$\ce{4 Fe + 3 O2 -> 2 Fe2O3}$$
In this reaction, iron reacts with oxygen to produce iron(III) oxide. Iron is oxidized, while oxygen is reduced.
3. Photosynthesis:
$$\ce{6 CO2 + 6 H2O + sunlight -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2}$$
In this reaction, carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen using sunlight. Carbon dioxide is oxidized, while oxygen is reduced.

Practical Examples Using Mathematical Abstractions:
1. Balancing redox reactions:
$$\ce{2 Al -> 2 Al^3+ + 6 e-}$$
$$\ce{3 Cl2 + 6 e- + 6 H+ -> 3 Cl^- + 3 H2}$$
To balance the redox reaction, we need to make sure that the number of electrons lost in the oxidation half-reaction equals the number of electrons gained in the reduction half-reaction. We can do this by adding coefficients to the half-reactions until they balance.
2. Calculating the standard cell potential:
$$E^\circ = E^\circ_\text{cathode} - E^\circ_\text{anode}$$
The standard cell potential is the difference between the standard reduction potential of the cathode and the standard reduction potential of the anode. This value can be used to predict whether a redox reaction will proceed spontaneously.

Real-World Scenarios:
1. Battery recycling:
Lithium-ion batteries contain metals that can be recovered and reused. The process involves oxidizing the metals in the battery to produce a molten slag, which can then be separated and refined.
2. Water treatment:
Water treatment plants use chemical reactions to remove contaminants from water. For example, chlorine is used to oxidize organic compounds, while iron is used to remove iron from water.
3. Environmental remediation:
Chemical reactions can be used to remove pollutants from soil and water. For example, bacteria can be used to reduce chromium(VI) to chromium(III), which can then be removed from the environment.

Glossary:
Oxidation: The process of losing electrons.
Reduction: The process of gaining electrons.
Redox reaction: A chemical reaction involving oxidation and reduction.
Change in oxidation state: The difference in the oxidation states of the species involved in the reaction.
Standard cell potential: The difference between the standard reduction potential of the cathode and the standard reduction potential of the anode.
Conclusion:
Understanding oxidation and reduction reactions is essential for predicting the products of chemical reactions and designing chemical processes. By studying these reactions, we can develop new technologies and improve existing ones to make our world a better place.


text: lewis structure for H2CCH2. What is the lewis structure for CHCl3, C2HBr, and CH5N? What are their attractions? Can you check my lewis structure answers for question # 5?. Draw the Lewis Structure and state which of the following compounds are isomers?I. pentaneII. 2-methylbutaneIII. 2,3-dimethylbutane IV. 2,2-dimethylpropane V. 1-hexen. lewis dot structure of SeO3 lewis dot structure of AsH3lewis dot structure of NO2lewis dot structure of BeF2lewis dot structure of SiH4lewis dot structure of SeH2lewis dot structure of PF5lewis dot structure of SCl6. Draw a Lewis Structure for H2NNH2Draw a Lewis Structure for H2O2Draw a Lewis Structure for N2O3Draw a Lewis Structure for C3O2Draw a Lewis Structure for C2H3NO5. draw the lewis structure of CCL2Sdraw the lewis structure of NOHdraw the lewis structure of HCNdraw the lewis structure of PH2Fdraw the lewis structure of CHCL3. ch3ch2ch2oh STRucture lewis dot

textbook:
Lesson: Lewis Structures and Molecular Geometry

Introduction:
Lewis structures are graphical representations of molecules that show the arrangement of atoms and the distribution of electrons. They are essential tools for understanding molecular geometry, bonding, and reactivity. In this lesson, we will learn how to draw Lewis structures for various organic and inorganic compounds and analyze their properties.

Section 1: Basic Concepts

1.1 What is a Lewis structure?
A Lewis structure is a two-dimensional representation of a molecule that shows the arrangement of atoms and the distribution of electrons. It is named after its inventor, Gilbert Lewis, who developed the concept in the early 20th century.

1.2 How to draw a Lewis structure?
To draw a Lewis structure, follow these steps:
1. Count the total number of valence electrons in the molecule.
2. Place each atom on the structure and connect them with bonds.
3. Distribute the remaining electrons (non-bonding electrons) as lone pairs around the atoms.
4. Check if the structure satisfies the octet rule (each atom has 8 electrons). If not, adjust the structure by adding or removing electrons.
5. Minimize formal charges on the structure.

Section 2: Practice Problems

2.1 Draw the Lewis structure for H2CCH2 (acetylene).
H       C     C     H
|       |     |     |
H       C     H

2.2 Draw the Lewis structure for CHCl3 (chloroform).
Cl     H     Cl     H
|       |     /      |
H       Cl     H

2.3 Draw the Lewis structure for C2HBr (ethyl bromide).
H       C     H     Br
|       |     |     |
H       C     Br

2.4 Draw the Lewis structure for CH5N (methylamine).
H      N     H     C
|       |     |     |
H      H     H

Attractions:
Molecular geometry plays a crucial role in determining the attractiveness of molecules. In general, molecules with polar bonds and asymmetric shapes have higher boiling points than those with nonpolar bonds and symmetric shapes. This is because polar bonds result in stronger intermolecular forces, such as dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.

Section 3: Self-Debate

3.1 Why does the Lewis structure of a molecule matter?
The Lewis structure of a molecule is essential for understanding its properties, such as bonding, reactivity, and geometry. It provides insights into the distribution of electrons and the arrangement of atoms, which are critical factors in determining the molecule's behavior.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, drawing Lewis structures is a fundamental skill in chemistry that helps us understand molecular properties and reactivity. By analyzing the arrangement of atoms and distribution of electrons, we can predict the behavior of molecules in various scenarios.


text: TSPSC Group 3 notification is going to be announce soon for several tspsc group 3 posts. The tspsc gov is going to conduct the written exam in the upcoming months. So it is highly suggested that applying candidate should start the preparation for group 3 exam with the help of TSPSC Group 3 Syllabus & exam pattern.. As you all know every time number of applying candidates is 10 times greater than the number of vacancies. So it is high time that you should be studying & not wasting your time. For the candidates convivence we have provided tspsc notification pdf, tspsc group 3 syllabus pdf, tspsc previous year question papers. You can download all these pdfs on this same page.. Note that we have already covered the tspsc group 2 syllabus & exam pattern. Read here.. Contents. TSPSC Group 3 syllabus Update @ tspsc.gov.in

textbook:
Lesson: How to Prepare for TSPSC Group 3 Exam

Introduction:
The TSPSC Group 3 exam is conducted by the Telangana State Public Service Commission (TSPSC) for various posts such as Junior Assistants, Bill Collectors, etc. This exam is highly competitive, and only a few candidates are selected for the interview round. In this lesson, we will learn how to prepare for the TSPSC Group 3 exam effectively.

Section 1: Understanding the Exam Pattern

The TSPSC Group 3 exam consists of two papers:

Paper 1: General Studies and Mental Ability
Paper 2: Professional Subject (For Posts Requiring Specialized Knowledge)

The General Studies and Mental Ability paper consists of 150 questions, and the Professional Subject paper consists of 100 questions. The total marks for the exam are 450.

Section 2: Preparing for the Exam

To prepare for the TSPSC Group 3 exam, follow these steps:

1. Start with the basics: Begin by understanding the syllabus and exam pattern. This will give you an idea of the topics you need to cover.

2. Make a study plan: Allocate time for each topic and stick to the plan. This will ensure that you cover all the necessary topics before the exam.

3. Use multiple resources: Use books, online resources, and previous year's question papers to understand the type of questions asked in the exam.

4. Practice, practice, practice: Solve as many previous year's question papers as possible. This will help you get used to the exam format and improve your speed and accuracy.

5. Take breaks: Avoid studying for long hours continuously. Take breaks and give yourself time to relax and recharge.

Section 3: Important Topics to Cover

Some of the most important topics to cover for the TSPSC Group 3 exam include:

1. General Studies: This includes topics such as current affairs, history, geography, economics, politics, and more.

2. Mental Ability: This includes topics such as reasoning, data interpretation, non-verbal series, and more.

3. Professional Subject (For Posts Requiring Specialized Knowledge): This includes topics related to the specific post you are applying for. For example, if you are applying for a post of Junior Assistant in the Revenue Department, you should focus on topics such as land records, registration, and stamp duties.

Section 4: Conclusion

Preparing for the TSPSC Group 3 exam requires dedication and hard work. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can effectively prepare for the exam and increase your chances of selection. Remember to focus on the most important topics, practice regularly, and take breaks when needed. Good luck!

Glossary:
- TSPSC: Telangana State Public Service Commission
- Group 3: A category of posts in the TSPSC
- Syllabus: A document that outlines the topics to be covered in an exam
- Exam Pattern: The structure and format of an exam
- General Studies: A subject that covers a wide range of topics such as current affairs, history, geography, economics, and politics
- Mental Ability: The ability to solve problems, make decisions, and think critically
- Professional Subject: A subject that relates to the specific post you are applying for


text:
Q:

View customization in a pushed view controller

For a controller that is pushed by a nav controller, if in its desired init method you create the details of the pushed controller's view, my understanding is that if the view is removed later because it is offscreen (due to low memory, for example), you may never see it again since the init is only called once when loading the view controller, and subsequent pushes may show nothing.
It would seem a better place for this view setup is in the viewDidLoad or viewWillAppear, that way it will be recreated correctly if the controller needs to build the view the next time it is pushed.
Yet I see tutorials that often put the pushed view controller's view setup in its init method; how important is this?

A:

View setup should be done in viewDidLoad (or in loadView if you're not using a nib), for exactly the reason you're describing.  If you need to know the controller's top-level view dimensions to set up the subviews, then do it in viewWillAppear:.
Usually, a view controller that is popped is immediately deallocated; if the app needs to show the same view later, it creates a new view controller for it.  So in that scenario, the app won't show “nothing”.
If the app pushes or presents another view controller on top of the first view controller, the first view controller's view can be unloaded.  If the app never pushes or presents a second view controller over the first view controller, the first view controller's view can't be unloaded until the controller is popped, at which time (in most apps) the controller is deallocated anyway.  So in that case, setting up the view in init won't cause trouble.
But it's still bad design to set up views in init.  You might change your app later to push or present a second view controller, thus creating unexpected unsafe behavior.
Also, it's common to create a view controller, set properties on it, and then push it.  If the properties affect the controller's view hierarchy, then init is too early to set up the views.

textbook:
t be able to reuse the old view controller's view.

However, if the app is using a UINavigationController as a stack, then the view controllers are retained and can be reused.  In that case, it makes sense to set up the view in the viewDidLoad method.

In summary, it depends on how the app is designed.  If the app is using a navigation stack, then the view setup should be done in viewDidLoad.  If the app is popping the view controller and creating a new one, then viewWillAppear is a better place to do the view setup.


text: ASK ANDREW!. In our!. Our first KS2 Worship!. On Wednesday 26th September, we led our first ever KS2 worship. We were nervous, but excited too. We planned what we wanted to say and how we wanted to present the story of Creation to everyone. We are looking forward to sharing this special time again!. WE ARE READING!. At the end of the first half term, the whole school took part in a special interest week about reading. Our book was The Faraway Tree by Enid Blyton. We really enjoyed the week. We were able to meet real authors, share stories with other classes and take part in lots of exciting activities!. Also - a massive well done to Riley who won our special prize for excellent reading homework!

textbook:
Lesson: How to Lead a Worship Service

### Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn how to plan and lead a worship service for our school or church. We will cover the following topics:

1. Planning the Worship Service
2. Preparing for the Worship Service
3. Leading the Worship Service
4. Conclusion

### Planning the Worship Service

A worship service is a time where people come together to praise and worship God. It can be a time of singing, praying, and hearing a message from the Bible. Here are some steps to follow when planning a worship service:

1. Choose a Theme: Decide on a theme for the worship service. It could be based on a Bible verse or a specific topic.

2. Select Songs: Choose songs that fit the theme of the worship service. Make sure the songs are appropriate for the audience and have a good balance of slow and upbeat songs.

3. Prepare a Message: Write a message based on the theme of the worship service. Make sure the message is clear and easy to understand.

4. Plan Activities: Plan activities that will engage the audience during the worship service. These could include interactive prayers, a skit, or a video presentation.

### Preparing for the Worship Service

Once you have planned the worship service, it's time to prepare for it. Here are some steps to follow:

1. Practice: Practice the songs and activities with the team that will be helping you lead the worship service.

2. Gather Materials: Gather all the materials you will need for the worship service, such as song lyrics, a Bible, and any props for the activities.

3. Set Up: Set up the room or area where the worship service will take place. Make sure everything is in order and looks nice.

### Leading the Worship Service

Now that you have planned and prepared for the worship service, it's time to lead it. Here are some steps to follow:

1. Welcome: Welcome everyone to the worship service and explain the theme.

2. Start the Music: Begin the music and encourage everyone to sing along.

3. Give a Message: Share the message you prepared based on the theme of the worship service.

4. Lead Activities: Lead the activities you planned, such as interactive prayers or a skit.

5. End the Worship Service: Thank everyone for coming and ending the worship service with a final song.

### Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned how to plan and lead a worship service. We covered topics such as choosing a theme, selecting songs, preparing a message, and planning activities. By following these steps and preparing well, you can lead a successful and meaningful worship service.


text: Category: Stock Graphic, Illustrations. Stock Graphic >> Illustration - Watercolor Christmas Bubbles 15284 by swiejko @ CreativeMarket. File Size: 20.02 MB; Layered: Yes; DPI: 300 DPI.. Digital/1.8 up to 2.5/2.5 inch (5/4.7 up to 6,3/6,7 cm). Bubbles are painted by hand.. Graphic is a PNG file, 300 dpi, without background.. Images work great on a colored background of your projects, but the best background for them is white or light.. Keywords: watercolor bubbles, watercolor splotches, christmas colors, green, red, pink, logo, watercolor logo, hand painted, hand drawn, christmas balls, watercolor balls, christmas ornament, christmas decoration, card making, orange, watercolor, christmas cards, watercolor clip art, watercolor clipart.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding Stock Graphics and their Uses

Introduction:
Stock graphics are pre-made images that can be used in various creative projects. These graphics are usually available for purchase online and can be used multiple times without having to pay additional fees. In this lesson, we will learn about the different types of stock graphics, their uses, and how to choose the right ones for our projects.

Section 1: Types of Stock Graphics
- There are several types of stock graphics, including illustrations, photos, vectors, and icons.
- Illustrations are hand-drawn or computer-generated images that are created specifically for commercial use.
- Photos are images that are captured through a camera lens and can be used for both personal and commercial purposes.
- Vectors are digital images that are created using mathematical equations and can be scaled up or down without losing quality.
- Icons are small images that represent an idea or concept and are often used in software programs or mobile apps.

Section 2: Uses of Stock Graphics
- Stock graphics can be used in various creative projects, such as websites, advertisements, brochures, and presentations.
- They can help convey a message or idea visually and add visual interest to a project.
- Stock graphics can also be used to save time and money, as they are already created and ready for use.
- They can help businesses and individuals create professional-looking projects without having to hire a graphic designer.

Section 3: Choosing the Right Stock Graphics
- When choosing stock graphics, it is essential to consider the project's theme, target audience, and overall design.
- It is also crucial to choose graphics that are high-quality and relevant to the project's message.
- Additionally, it is necessary to consider the licensing terms and usage rights of the stock graphics before purchasing them.

Conclusion:
Stock graphics are a valuable resource for creative professionals and individuals who need to create visual content for their projects. By understanding the different types of stock graphics and their uses, we can make informed decisions when selecting the right graphics for our projects. By following these guidelines, we can create professional-looking projects that effectively communicate our message to our target audience.

Glossary:
- Stock Graphics: Pre-made images that can be purchased and used multiple times for various creative projects.
- Illustrations: Hand-drawn or computer-generated images created specifically for commercial use.
- Photos: Images captured through a camera lens and can be used for both personal and commercial purposes.
- Vectors: Digital images created using mathematical equations that can be scaled up or down without losing quality.
- Icons: Small images that represent an idea or concept and are often used in software programs or mobile apps.


text: - Joined. - Apr 11, 2003. - Messages. - 11,284. - Location. - Spring HIll. After reviewing the data sheets for Pennzoil's SUV/Truck/Mini-van oil, I can't find anything compelling or substantially different than their standard-issue dino oils. From the data sheet: "...contains time-released additives that provide consistent protection over the life of the oil". Sounds more like an over-the-counter medication rather than engine oil! Is this made of a special base-stock? Just a marketing ploy?

textbook:
Title: How to Read Data Sheets for Engine Oil

Introduction:
Engine oil is a crucial component of your vehicle's engine. It helps to lubricate the engine parts, reduce friction, and protect the engine from wear and tear. When choosing engine oil, it is essential to read the data sheets to understand the oil's properties and performance. In this lesson, we will learn how to read data sheets for engine oil and understand the technical jargon used in them.

Section 1: Understanding the Data Sheet

A data sheet is a document that provides information about a product's characteristics, properties, and performance. It contains technical specifications, test results, and other relevant data that can help you make an informed decision when choosing engine oil.

Key Terms:
- Base Stock: The foundation material used to make the oil. It can be mineral oil, synthetic oil, or a blend of both.
- Viscosity: A measure of an oil's resistance to flow. It is usually expressed in centistokes (cSt) or SAE viscosity grades (e.g., 5W-30).
- Additives: Chemicals added to the oil to improve its performance. They can improve oxidation resistance, reduce friction, and protect against corrosion.
- Performance Specifications: Standards set by organizations such as API and ILSAC that determine the oil's performance in various tests.

Section 2: Reading the Data Sheet

Now that we know the key terms, let's look at a sample data sheet for engine oil and learn how to read it.

Sample Data Sheet:
- Base Stock: Synthetic Blend
- Viscosity: SAE 5W-30
- Additives: Time-released additives, detergents, dispersants, and anti-wear agents
- Performance Specifications: Meets API SN and ILSAC GF-5 standards

1. Base Stock: The first thing to look for is the base stock. It tells you what the oil is made of. In this case, it is a synthetic blend.

2. Viscosity: Viscosity is another important factor to consider. It affects how well the oil flows and how well it protects the engine. In this case, the oil has a viscosity of SAE 5W-30.

3. Additives: Additives improve the oil's performance in various ways. In this case, there are time-released additives, detergents, dispersants, and anti-wear agents.

4. Performance Specifications: Finally, check if the oil meets the required performance specifications. In this case, it meets both API SN and ILSAC GF-5 standards.

Section 3: Applying the Skill

Now that we know how to read data sheets for engine oil, let's apply this skill to a real-world scenario.

Scenario: You need to choose engine oil for your car.

1. Check the owner's manual to see what type of oil your car requires.
2. Look for engine oil data sheets that meet your car's requirements.
3. Compare the base stock, viscosity, additives, and performance specifications of different oils.
4. Choose the oil that best suits your needs and budget.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, reading data sheets for engine oil is an essential skill that can help you make an informed decision when choosing engine oil. By understanding the key terms and reading the data sheet carefully, you can choose the right oil for your car and ensure optimal engine performance.


text:
US STOCKS-Futures edge higher as strong earnings offset trade worries

Aug 6 (Reuters) - U.S. stock futures were marginally higher on Monday as strong corporate earnings countered worries about escalating trade tensions between the United States and China.

China, last week, proposed a set of differentiated tariffs on $60 billion worth of U.S. imports, retaliating to the Trump administration's plans of 25 percent tariffs on $200 billion worth of Chinese imports.

The months-long dispute has roiled financial markets across the globe, but strong U.S. earnings have helped allay some of the concerns.

Over 400 S&P 500 companies have reported so far, and 78.6 percent have topped earnings estimates. That is well above the average of 72 percent in the past four quarters.

The S&P 500 ended up 0.8 percent last week, closing a five-week run of gains, its first such winning streak this year.

"If the first four weeks of earnings season are any indication, we should see the tide continue to rise, though headline risk associated with trade and tariffs continue to play a pivotal role in keeping any significant move to the upside well contained," Peter Kenney, founder of Strategic Board Solutions LLC in New York, wrote in a morning note.

With just 44 companies set to report this week and the calendar light on economic data, investors will likely focus on trade issues.

The S&P 500 e-minis were up 2.5 points by 7:11 a.m. ET. The Dow e-minis were up 33 points and the Nasdaq 100 e-minis were up 12.75 points.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Stock Market Trends

### Overview

In this lesson, we will learn about the stock market and how to understand trends in the market. We will cover the following topics:

1. What is the stock market?
2. How does the stock market work?
3. Understanding market trends
4. Analyzing company performance
5. Using fundamental analysis to make investment decisions
6. Understanding the impact of global events on the stock market

### Section 1: What is the stock market?

The stock market is a platform where investors can buy and sell shares of publicly traded companies. It provides an opportunity for companies to raise capital by issuing shares to investors, and for investors to own a piece of these companies and share in their profits.

### Section 2: How does the stock market work?

The stock market works by facilitating the buying and selling of shares through a network of exchanges and brokers. When you invest in a company's stock, you become a part-owner of that company, and you may receive a portion of its profits in the form of dividends. The value of your investment is also influenced by the supply and demand for the stock.

### Section 3: Understanding market trends

Market trends refer to the overall direction of the stock market. This can be upward (bullish), downward (bearish), or sideways (neutral). Understanding market trends can help you make informed investment decisions and avoid potential risks.

### Section 4: Analyzing company performance

To analyze a company's performance, you need to look at its financial statements, including its income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. These documents provide information about the company's revenue, expenses, assets, liabilities, and cash flow. You can also look at the company's price-to-earnings ratio (P/E), which compares the market value of a company's stock to its earnings per share.

### Section 5: Using fundamental analysis to make investment decisions

Fundamental analysis is a method of evaluating a company's financial health and potential for growth. This involves analyzing the company's financial statements, management team, competitive position, and industry trends. By using fundamental analysis, you can make informed decisions about whether a company is a good investment.

### Section 6: Understanding the impact of global events on the stock market

Global events, such as political instability, natural disasters, and economic downturns, can have a significant impact on the stock market. These events can cause uncertainty and volatility, leading to fluctuations in stock prices. As an investor, it's important to stay informed about global events and understand how they may affect your investments.

### Glossary

- Stock market: A platform where investors can buy and sell shares of publicly traded companies.
- Market trends: The overall direction of the stock market, which can be upward (bullish), downward (bearish), or sideways (neutral).
- Fundamental analysis: A method of evaluating a company's financial health and potential for growth.
- Price-to-earnings ratio (P/E): A ratio that compares the market value of a company's stock to its earnings per share.

### Conclusion

Understanding the stock market and how to analyze trends and company performance is essential for making informed investment decisions. By using fundamental analysis and staying informed about global events, you can position yourself to take advantage of opportunities and avoid potential risks.


text: Bill West. His discipline isn't the greatest. He knows what he's talking about. Nothing he does is original. This is a great class, if that's what you're into. He's funny, too.. if you actually listen and pay attention to him, he actually teaches you a lot about tv production. he's a great teacher. Mr. West is the tightest teacher in that whole school if you have him for any of your class you will know. He is very funny and let you do anything in class.. Mr. West hes the tightest teacher in that whole school if you have him you should know he let you do anything in that class.. Hey, Mr. West is the tightest teacher that you will ever have. He knows his stuff from an Old School point of view. Mr. West TV Class is the best........ it's like having a 2 hr recess during 1st and 2nd pd =). Doesn't seem to really know his stuff...relies on books to do his teaching for him.. Lots of history on Radio and TV, course very helpful, though lots of book work.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Analyze and Summarize Text

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to analyze and summarize a given text. This skill is essential for understanding complex information and expressing ideas clearly and concisely. We will use the input text as an example to practice these skills.

Section 1: Analyzing the Text

1.1. Identify the main topic of the text:
The main topic of the text is Mr. Bill West, a teacher at a school.

1.2. Identify the main ideas in the text:
The main ideas in the text are that Mr. West is a good teacher who knows his stuff, is funny, and lets his students do anything they want in class.

1.3. Identify the supporting details in the text:
The supporting details in the text are the opinions of different students about Mr. West's teaching style, his knowledge of television production, and the usefulness of his TV class.

Section 2: Summarizing the Text

2.1. Create a summary sentence:
Mr. Bill West is a popular teacher known for being funny and allowing his students to do whatever they want in class. He is well-informed about television production and has a successful TV class.

2.2. Evaluate the summary sentence:
The summary sentence accurately captures the main ideas and supporting details from the input text. It is concise and easy to understand.

Section 3: Practice Questions

3.1. What is the main topic of the text?
The main topic of the text is Mr. Bill West, a teacher at a school.

3.2. What are the main ideas in the text?
The main ideas in the text are that Mr. West is a good teacher who knows his stuff, is funny, and lets his students do anything they want in class.

3.3. What are the supporting details in the text?
The supporting details in the text are the opinions of different students about Mr. West's teaching style, his knowledge of television production, and the usefulness of his TV class.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to analyze and summarize a given text. We practiced these skills using the input text about Mr. Bill West, a popular teacher. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, we can improve our ability to understand complex information and express ideas clearly and concisely.

Glossary:
- Text: A written or printed composition
- Summary: A brief statement or account of the main points of a larger topic
- Analyze: To examine methodically the structure or elements of
- Supporting details: Additional information that helps to clarify or prove the main idea.


text: Kevin handles the company’s financial strategies and manages its investment/capital assets. He is involved with many areas of the business besides financial management, such as risk management, facilities, and business development. He began working for Tapani Inc. 29 years ago and has held numerous positions, such as truck driver, estimator, and project manager. He enjoys the challenges of his position and aims to wake up each morning with a great attitude and bring it to work. He is currently a board member of the Northwest Utility Contractors Association, on the board of directors for the Columbia River Economic Development Council, and Identity Clark County, and participates on the City of Battle Ground’s Planning Commission.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Financial Management

## Section 1: What is Financial Management?
Financial management is the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the financial resources of an organization to achieve its goals. It involves making decisions about how to allocate funds to different areas of the business, such as operations, marketing, and research and development.

## Section 2: Why is Financial Management Important?
Financial management is essential because it helps companies make informed decisions about their finances. By understanding where money is coming from and going out, businesses can ensure they have enough cash flow to cover expenses and invest in growth opportunities. Additionally, good financial management helps companies avoid common financial pitfalls, such as overspending or underinvesting in key areas.

## Section 3: How does Financial Management Work?
Financial management involves several key steps, including budgeting, forecasting, and reporting. Budgeting involves creating a plan for how much money will be spent in each area of the business. Forecasting involves predicting future revenue and expenses based on current trends and market conditions. Reporting involves tracking actual results against budgeted amounts to identify areas where performance may be falling short.

## Section 4: Who is Responsible for Financial Management?
The person responsible for financial management varies depending on the size and structure of the organization. In small businesses, this role may be filled by the owner or a bookkeeper. In larger organizations, there may be a dedicated chief financial officer (CFO) or finance department responsible for overseeing all financial matters.

## Glossary:
- Budgeting: The process of creating a plan for how much money will be spent in each area of the business.
- Forecasting: Predicting future revenue and expenses based on current trends and market conditions.
- Reporting: Tracking actual results against budgeted amounts to identify areas where performance may be falling short.
- Chief Financial Officer (CFO): The person responsible for overseeing all financial matters in a large organization.

## Conclusion:
Understanding financial management is essential for anyone interested in running a successful business. By mastering the basics of budgeting, forecasting, and reporting, you can make informed decisions about how to allocate your company's resources and achieve your goals. Remember that financial management is an ongoing process, requiring continuous monitoring and adjustment. By staying on top of your finances, you can avoid common financial pitfalls and position your business for long-term success.


text: Schools, Children, and Adolescents. In addition to being in private practice, Justine works as a therapist for the Special Education Program at Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD). She knows from firsthand experience the difficulties of having a learning disability and uses her insight to help others. She is dedicated to supporting clients advocate for their needs, navigate the school system, and effectively communicate with teachers and administrators.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Learning Disabilities

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about learning disabilities and how they affect children and adolescents. We will also explore the challenges faced by individuals with learning disabilities and the strategies that can be used to support them.

Section 1: What are Learning Disabilities?
Learning disabilities are neurological disorders that affect the way information is processed in the brain. They can cause difficulties with reading, writing, math, and other skills related to learning. These disabilities are not caused by a lack of intelligence or motivation, but rather by differences in the way the brain processes information.

Questions and Answers:
- What is a learning disability?
- How does it affect a person's ability to learn?
- Can someone with a learning disability be intelligent?

Section 2: Types of Learning Disabilities
There are several types of learning disabilities, including dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia. Dyslexia affects reading skills, while dysgraphia affects writing skills. Dyscalculia affects math skills. These disabilities can occur alone or in combination with one another.

Questions and Answers:
- What are the different types of learning disabilities?
- How do they affect a person's ability to learn?
- Can someone have more than one learning disability?

Section 3: Challenges Faced by Individuals with Learning Disabilities
Individuals with learning disabilities may face challenges in school, work, and social situations. They may struggle with reading, writing, and math skills, which can make it difficult for them to keep up with their peers academically. Additionally, they may have difficulty understanding social cues and interacting with others appropriately.

Questions and Answers:
- What challenges do individuals with learning disabilities face?
- How can these challenges be addressed?
- What supports can be put in place to help individuals with learning disabilities succeed?

Section 4: Strategies for Supporting Individuals with Learning Disabilities
There are several strategies that can be used to support individuals with learning disabilities. These include providing extra time for tasks, breaking down tasks into smaller steps, providing clear instructions, and using visual aids. Additionally, providing positive reinforcement and encouragement can help boost confidence and motivation.

Questions and Answers:
- What strategies can be used to support individuals with learning disabilities?
- How can these strategies be implemented in school or work settings?
- What role do positive reinforcement and encouragement play in supporting individuals with learning disabilities?

Conclusion:
Understanding learning disabilities is an important step in supporting individuals who have them. By learning about the different types of learning disabilities and the challenges they face, we can develop strategies to help them succeed in school, work, and social situations. By providing extra time, clear instructions, and positive reinforcement, we can help individuals with learning disabilities reach their full potential.

Glossary:
- Learning disability: A neurological disorder that affects the way information is processed in the brain, leading to difficulties with reading, writing, math, and other skills related to learning.
- Dyslexia: A type of learning disability that affects reading skills.
- Dysgraphia: A type of learning disability that affects writing skills.
- Dyscalculia: A type of learning disability that affects math skills.


text:
Q:

Pipes in Bash: One at a Time (Line by Line) or All at Once

$ bash --version
GNU bash, version 4.2.46(2)-release (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)

First, I create 5 files
$ touch a b c d e
$ ls
a  b  c  d  e

In the following example, xargs seems to get all the results from find via the pipe all at once:
$ find . -type f | xargs -t echo | wc -w
echo ./c ./b ./a ./d ./e
5

In the following example, xargs seems to get all the results from find via the pipe one at a time (line by line):
$ find . -type f | xargs -t -i mv {} {}.bak | wc  -w
mv ./c ./c.bak
mv ./b ./b.bak
mv ./a ./a.bak
mv ./d ./d.bak
mv ./e ./e.bak
0

In the following example, xargs seems to get all the results from 'find' via the pipe one at a time (line by line); and wc seems to get all the results from xargs via the pipe all at once.
Otherwise, if wc got the results line by line, you would see 1 appear 5 times instead of a 5 at the end.
$ find . -type f | xargs -t -i echo {} | wc -w
echo ./e.bak
echo ./b.bak
echo ./c.bak
echo ./a.bak
echo ./d.bak
5

So do pipes get results from previous command One at a Time (Line by Line) or All at Once?

A:

The behavior you are observing comes from the xargs options you are using. The -i option specifically instructs xargs to create one new process for each input token, and replace the {} placeholder with that token.
Pipes by themselves do not stipulate any specific behavior; many kernels will pass one full I/O buffer at a time (hence the many questions about I/O buffering with pipes, along the lines of "this command doesn't seem to do anything in a pipe" when the actual symptom is just that the output buffer isn't full yet).

textbook:
Lesson: Using Pipes in Bash

## Introduction

Pipes are used in Bash to connect the output of one command to the input of another command. This allows us to process data in stages, making our scripts more concise and efficient. In this lesson, we will explore two ways of using pipes in Bash: one at a time (line by line) and all at once. We will also introduce the concept of xargs, which is a command-line utility that takes arguments from standard input.

## Section 1: One at a Time (Line by Line)

When we use pipes in Bash one at a time (line by line), we can think of it as if each line of output from the first command is fed into the second command one line at a time. This is useful when we want to process the output of a command in small chunks.

### Example

Let's say we have five files: `a`, `b`, `c`, `d`, and `e`. We can list them using the `ls` command:

```bash
$ ls
a  b  c  d  e
```

Now, let's assume we want to count the number of lines in each file using the `wc` command. We can use the `-l` option to count lines instead of characters. Since we want to process each file one at a time, we can use the `xargs` command with the `-t` option to split the input into individual arguments:

```bash
$ find . -type f | xargs -t echo | wc -l
a
b
c
d
e
5
```

In this example, we first use the `find` command to locate all files in the current directory. Then, we pipe the output of `find` to `xargs`, which splits the input into individual arguments. Next, we pipe the output of `xargs` to `echo`, which simply prints the arguments to the console. Finally, we pipe the output of `echo` to `wc`, which counts the number of lines in each file.

Notice that we don't need to specify the filename for `wc` because `xargs` already passes the filename as an argument to `echo`.

### Questions and Answers

1. What does `find` do?
   - `find` is a command-line utility that searches one or more directories for files that match a specified pattern.

2. What does `xargs` do?
   - `xargs` is a command-line utility that takes arguments from standard input and passes them as arguments to the command that follows it.

3. How does `wc` work with `xargs`?
   - `wc` works with `xargs` by counting the number of lines in each file that is passed as an argument to `echo`.

## Section 2: All at Once

When we use pipes in Bash all at once, we can think of it as if all the output from the first command is fed into the second command simultaneously. This is useful when we want to process the output of a command in bulk.

### Example

Let's say we have the same five files as before. We want to move each file to a backup directory with a `.bak` extension. We can use the `find` command to locate all files in the current directory, and then pipe the output to `xargs` with the `-t` option to split the input into individual arguments:

```bash
$ find . -type f | xargs -t mv {} ./.bak
$ ls
a.bak  b.bak  c.bak  d.bak  e.bak
```

In this example, we first use the `find` command to locate all files in the current directory. Then, we pipe the output of `find` to `xargs`, which splits the input into individual arguments. Next, we pipe the output of `xargs` to `mv`, which moves each file to a backup directory with a `.bak` extension. Finally, we use the `ls` command to verify that the backup files have been created.

### Questions and Answers

1. How does `xargs` work with `find`?
   - `xargs` works with `find` by splitting the output of `find` into individual arguments that can be passed to the `mv` command.

2. What does `mv` do?
   - `mv` is a command-line utility that moves one or more files from one location to another.

3. How does `find` work with `xargs`?
   - `find` works with `xargs` by searching for files that match a specified pattern and passing the results to `xargs` as arguments.

## Section 3: xargs and the Concept of Argument Lists

The `xargs` command takes arguments from standard input and passes them as arguments to the command that follows it. This means that `xargs` requires an argument list to work correctly. The argument list can be generated by other commands, such as `find`, `grep`, or `sed`.

### Example

Let's say we have a file called `input.txt` with the following content:

```
file1.txt
file2.txt
file3.txt
```

We want to search for the word "file" in each file using the `grep` command. We can use `xargs` to pass the output of `grep` as arguments to the `wc` command, which will count the number of lines in each file:

```bash
$ grep -l 'file' input.txt | xargs -n1 wc -l
file1.txt
2
file2.txt
1
file3.txt
1
```

In this example, we first use the `grep` command with the `-l` option to search for the word "file" in each line of `input.txt`. Then, we pipe the output of `grep` to `xargs`, which splits the input into individual arguments. We use the `-n1` option with `xargs` to specify that we only want one argument per line. Finally, we pipe the output of `xargs` to `wc`, which counts the number of lines in each file.

### Glossary

- **Argument list**: A list of arguments that is passed to a command.
- **Standard input**: A special file descriptor that refers to the standard input stream of a process.
- **Command-line utility**: A program that can be executed from the command line, typically used to perform some task.

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we explored the concept of pipes in Bash and how they can be used both one at a time (line by line) and all at once. We also introduced the `xargs` command and explained how it works with `find` and `grep`. We demonstrated how to use `xargs` to process arguments from standard input and how to create an argument list using other commands. Finally, we provided a glossary of key terms related to this topic.


text: Map of the local innovation industry.. Meet some of the best and newest startups based in Vancouver.. Data as a service.. Simple, custom web scraping tools for researchers, growth hackers, marketing & sales teams. ... .... The referral community. Invitation App is a social network where people post their referral codes and collect rewards on autopilot.. An integrated hardware and software solution for the digital administration of exams. Examtop is an integrated hardware and software product that facilitates the digital administration of exams. Instructors create their exams using our online web platform. Examtops then get preloaded with an examination and are handed out to students to write ...

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Data Scraping

**Introduction**
Data scraping is the process of extracting data from websites using automated software. It is a powerful tool used by businesses, researchers, and individuals to gather information that can be used to make informed decisions. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of data scraping, including its applications, benefits, and limitations.

**Section 1: Theoretical Concepts**
- What is data scraping?
- Why is data scraping important?
- How does data scraping work?

**Section 2: Practical Examples**
- Real-world scenarios where data scraping can be used
- Examples of businesses that use data scraping
- Examples of individual uses of data scraping

**Section 3: Advanced Topics**
- Challenges of data scraping
- Legal considerations when scraping data
- Best practices for data scraping

**Conclusion**
In conclusion, data scraping is a valuable tool that can be used to extract valuable insights from websites. By understanding the basics of data scraping, we can apply this knowledge to various scenarios and make informed decisions. By following best practices and considering legal implications, we can use data scraping responsibly and effectively.

**Glossary**
- Data scraping: the process of extracting data from websites using automated software
- Web crawler: a software program that browses the internet to collect data
- API: a set of protocols and tools for building software and applications
- Scraping: the process of extracting data from websites using automated software
- Data mining: the process of discovering patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data
- Web scraping: a specific form of data scraping where data is extracted from websites
- HTML: Hypertext Markup Language, the standard markup language for documents designed for display in a browser
- XML: Extensible Markup Language, a markup language similar to HTML but designed for the exchange of data between programs
- JSON: JavaScript Object Notation, a lightweight data interchange format

**Self-Debating Discussion**
What are some potential challenges of data scraping? How can these challenges be overcome?