text: l.. In addition to the MBR, each primary partition has a boot sector that can boot the operating system in that partition. MS-DOS (Windows) partitions have this, and hence lilo can optionally load and execute these partition boot sectors to start a Windows installation in another partition.:. Note that newer ``LBA'' BIOS's support more than the first 512 megabytes--even up to 8 Gigabytes. I personally do not count on this.:. Further other = partitions can follow, and many image = kernel images are allowed.. The preceding lilo.conf file assumed a partition scheme as follows:... Start by creating a small file system. Make a directory ~/initrd and copy the following files into it.. On my system, the file initrd/bin/insmod is the statically linked  <lib>/<version>).. Now that you have learned the manual method of creating an initrd image, you can read the mkinitrd man page. It creates an image in a single command. This is command is peculiar to RedHat.

textbook:
Lesson: Creating an Initramfs Image

## Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn how to create an initramfs image, which is a temporary file system used by the Linux kernel during the boot process. An initramfs image is created by combining a small file system with a set of modules that the kernel needs to run. We will use the manual method to create an initramfs image, and then we will read the mkinitrd man page to learn about the automated way of creating an initramfs image.

## Section 1: Creating an Initramfs Image Manually

### Step 1: Create a Directory for the Initramfs Image

First, create a directory where you will store the files that will be included in the initramfs image. For example, you can create a directory called "initrd" in your home directory:

```
$ mkdir ~/initrd
```

### Step 2: Copy Files to the Directory

Next, copy the necessary files to the "initrd" directory. These files should include the Linux kernel, a root file system, and any modules that the kernel needs to run. For example, you can copy the following files to the "initrd" directory:

```
$ cp /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64 /boot/initrd.img-3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64 /boot/System.map-3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64 ~/initrd
```

This command copies the Linux kernel ("vmlinuz"), the initramfs image ("initrd.img"), and the system map file ("System.map") to the "initrd" directory.

### Step 3: Create a Script to Load the Modules

Now, create a script that will load the modules needed by the kernel. For example, you can create a shell script called "load_modules.sh" and add the following lines:

```bash
#!/bin/bash

# Load the necessary modules
modprobe -r
modprobe e1000
modprobe i915
modprobe uas
modprobe vfio-pci
modprobe vfio-mdev
modprobe pcnet32
```

This script loads the necessary modules for the network interface card (e1000), graphics card (i915), USB audio (uas), PCI devices (vfio-pci), and PCNet32 network adapter (pcnet32).

### Step 4: Combine the Files

Finally, combine the files into an initramfs image using the "cat" command:

```
$ cat /boot/initrd.img /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64 \
    /boot/System.map-3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64 \
    ~/initrd/load_modules.sh > ~/initrd/initrd.img
```

This command combines the "initrd.img" file with the "vmlinuz" kernel, the "System.map" file, and the "load_modules.sh" script into a single file called "initrd.img".

## Section 2: Using the mkinitrd Command

### Step 1: Create a Configuration File

The mkinitrd command uses a configuration file to specify which files to include in the initramfs image. Create a configuration file called "initramfs.conf" in your home directory with the following content:

```
#!/bin/sh

# Set the default file system
DEFAULT_FILESYSTEM="ext2"

# Set the default size of the file system
DEFAULT_SIZE="200M"

# Set the default kernel command line
DEFAULT_CMDLINE="console=ttyS0,115200 root=/dev/vda1 ro"

# Set the default modules
DEFAULT_MODULES="vfat e2label i915 uas pcnet32"
```

This configuration file sets the default file system type, size, kernel command line, and modules to be loaded.

### Step 2: Generate the Initramfs Image

Now, generate the initramfs image using the mkinitrd command:

```
$ mkinitrd --config /home/user/initramfs.conf --live --kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64 \
    --initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64 \
    --modules /boot/System.map-3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64 \
    --cmdline "console=ttyS0,115200 root=/dev/vda1 ro" \
    --live
```

This command generates an initramfs image using the configuration file "/home/user/initramfs.conf", the Linux kernel "/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64", the initrd file "/boot/initrd.img-3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64", the system map file "/boot/System.map-3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64", and the specified modules and kernel command line. The "--live" option generates a live file system that can be booted directly from the CD-ROM or USB drive.

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned how to create an initramfs image manually by copying files to a directory and combining them into a single file. We also learned how to use the mkinitrd command to generate an initramfs image using a configuration file. Both methods can be used to create an initramfs image for a Linux system.


text: Together, we are stronger.. Supportive care helps men.. How you feel about or see yourself is called self-esteem. Body image is your perception of your, or artificial testicle, may also help you cope with changes to body image and self-esteem... Some treatments for testicular cancer can cause fertility problems, which can affect a man’s ability to produce children. bilateral orchiectomy), the man no longer makes sperm so he can’t father children. A retroperitoneal lymph node dissection .. To make the decisions and get the support that is right for you, ask your healthcare team questions about supportive care.. A clinical trial led by the Society’s NCIC Clinical Trials group found that men with prostate cancer who are treated with intermittent courses of hormone therapy live as long as those receiving continuous therapy.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Supportive Care for Men with Testicular Cancer
Introduction:
Supportive care refers to the care given to patients to manage symptoms and side effects caused by their disease or treatment. In this lesson, we will learn about supportive care for men with testicular cancer.
Section 1: Understanding Testicular Cancer
Testicular cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the testicles, which are the male reproductive organs responsible for producing sperm and male sex hormones. It is one of the most common types of cancer in young men between the ages of 20 and 34.
Section 2: Types of Supportive Care for Testicular Cancer
There are several types of supportive care that can help men with testicular cancer manage their symptoms and side effects. These include:
- Emotional Support: This type of support helps men cope with the emotional challenges of having cancer. It can include counseling, support groups, and other resources.
- Nutritional Support: This type of support helps men maintain a healthy diet during treatment. It can include advice on what foods to eat and avoid, as well as nutritional supplements.
- Physical Support: This type of support helps men manage physical side effects of treatment, such as fatigue, pain, and nausea. It can include physical therapy, massage, and medication.
Section 3: Managing Body Image and Self-Esteem
Body image is the way a person sees themselves, and self-esteem is the confidence a person has in their own abilities and worth. For men with testicular cancer, these issues can be especially challenging.
- Body Image: Treatment for testicular cancer can cause changes to a man's body, such as the removal of one or both testicles. This can affect a man's body image and self-esteem. It's important for men to talk about these feelings with their healthcare team and loved ones.
- Self-Esteem: Men with testicular cancer may feel embarrassed or ashamed about their condition. It's important for them to remember that they did not cause their cancer and that it is not their fault. They should focus on taking care of themselves and getting the support they need.
Section 4: Fertility Issues
Some treatments for testicular cancer can cause fertility problems, which can affect a man's ability to produce children. If a man has concerns about fertility, he should talk to his healthcare team before starting treatment.
- Sperm Banking: Some men choose to bank their sperm before starting treatment. This can help them have children in the future if their treatment causes fertility problems.
- Adoption and Surrogacy: If a man is unable to have children after treatment, he may consider adoption or surrogacy as alternative ways to start a family.
Conclusion:
Supportive care is an important part of treatment for men with testicular cancer. By understanding the types of support available and managing body image and self-esteem, men can better cope with the challenges of cancer. Additionally, addressing fertility issues before treatment can help men preserve their ability to have children in the future.


text: The Fia Bust Vase. £96.95Price. Another pretty Two Fridas vase and pretty she is.. With vibrant orange flowers in her deep green hair complimented by her contrasting red lips, we think she is simply stunning.. Standing tall at 42cm she is a real show stopper. Fill her with flowers or dried grasses of your choice to create a true masterpiece in your home.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Art Appreciation

### Section 1: What is Art?
Art is a form of human expression that uses various mediums such as painting, sculpture, photography, and performance to convey emotions, ideas, and stories. It is a way of expressing oneself and communicating with others through visual or auditory means.

### Section 2: Types of Art
There are many types of art, including but not limited to:

1. Painting - the practice of applying pigment, color, or other medium to a surface using a brush or other tool.
2. Sculpture - the art of creating three-dimensional objects, often by carving or modeling.
3. Photography - the process of capturing light and images using a camera.
4. Performance - an art form that involves live action, such as dance or theater.

### Section 3: Famous Artists and their Works
Throughout history, there have been many famous artists who have created iconic works of art. Some of these artists include:

1. Leonardo da Vinci - known for his famous painting, the Mona Lisa.
2. Vincent van Gogh - famous for his Starry Night series of paintings.
3. Pablo Picasso - a pioneer of modern art who created many cubist works, including Les Demoiselles d'Avignon.
4. Frida Kahlo - a Mexican artist known for her self-portraits and surrealist paintings.

### Section 4: Understanding Art
To appreciate art, it is essential to understand the techniques and materials used by artists. Some common art materials include:

1. Oil paints - made from pigments mixed with oil or resin.
2. Acrylic paints - water-soluble paints made from pigments and acrylic polymer.
3. Charcoal - a drawing material made from burnt wood.
4. Pastels - sticks of colored chalk used for drawing.

### Section 5: Analyzing Art
When analyzing art, there are several factors to consider, such as:

1. Composition - the arrangement of elements within a piece of art.
2. Color - the use of hue, saturation, and value to create visual interest.
3. Texture - the physical feel or appearance of a work of art.
4. Form - the shape and structure of a piece of art.

### Section 6: Applying Art to Real-World Scenarios
Understanding and appreciating art can help us in many ways, such as:

1. Developing critical thinking skills - analyzing art requires us to think critically and make judgments based on our observations.
2. Enhancing creativity - exposure to art can inspire us to think outside the box and come up with new ideas.
3. Building empathy - by connecting with others' emotions through art, we can develop a deeper understanding of others' perspectives.

### Conclusion
Art is a powerful tool for expression and communication. By learning about different types of art, famous artists, and techniques, we can appreciate and analyze art more deeply. Through this knowledge, we can apply art to real-world scenarios and develop valuable skills such as critical thinking, creativity, and empathy.


text:
Pages

April 24, 2012

Big Tent Atheism

Sarah Robinson (AlterNet) wrote an interesting article, 6 People You Need to Start a Revolution, that is worth a read. Her argument is that no movement seeking meaningful change can hope to succeed without effectively utilizing diversity of talent. I agree completely, and this is part of why I have repeatedly called for "big tent" atheism (i.e., a recognition that the atheist movement needs all kinds of people performing different roles).

While Robinson is writing about Occupy Wall Street and the progressive 99% movement, much of what she says seems relevant for any sort of atheist or secular movement as well.

It's a good time to remember that mass movements are — by design and necessity — big and diverse, encompassing lots of different kinds of people who bring all kinds of skills, resources, interests and priorities to the table.

So, who are the 6 types of people needed to accomplish the sort of change many of us seek? Robinson's list includes:

Activists

Intellectuals

Artists

Insiders

Supportive Elites

The Masses

I would not surprise me if much of the conflict among atheists we have seen can be traced to people in one of these camps having trouble seeing the value of those in one or more of the others. An obvious example involves some of those outside the activist camp asking the activists to tone it down out of concern that they are making the larger movement look bad. But there are all sorts of other examples, ranging from some activists accusing others of not being active enough to those in many groups accusing the insiders (e.g., those attempting to work with interfaith groups) of betraying the movement.

If Robinson is right, we would do well to realize that diversity is a strength and that we need different people bringing different skill sets. Disagreement is inevitable, but diverse approaches to common problems offer considerable benefit. We all need to be comfortable saying, "That isn't for me, but I'm glad you are willing to do it."

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Diverse Talent in Social Movements

Introduction:

In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of having diverse talent in social movements. We will explore the different types of people needed to accomplish meaningful change and how their unique skills, resources, interests, and priorities contribute to the success of a movement. We will also discuss the benefits of a "big tent" approach that welcomes and embraces people from different backgrounds and perspectives.

Section 1: The Need for Diverse Talent

The first section will introduce the concept of diverse talent and why it is essential for social movements. We will discuss how having a wide range of individuals with different skills, experiences, and perspectives can help a movement achieve its goals more effectively.

Question: Why is it important for social movements to have diverse talent?
Answer: Diverse talent is crucial for social movements because it allows them to tap into a broader range of skills, resources, interests, and priorities. This can lead to more innovative and effective strategies for achieving the movement's goals.

Section 2: The Six Types of People Needed for Change

The second section will introduce the six types of people that Robinson believes are necessary for bringing about meaningful change. These include:

1. Visionaries: People who can articulate a clear vision for the future and inspire others to work towards it.
2. Organizers: People who can plan, coordinate, and execute strategies for achieving the movement's goals.
3. Agitators: People who can challenge the status quo and push for change even when it is uncomfortable or risky.
4. Navigators: People who can navigate complex systems and find ways to work within them to achieve the movement's goals.
5. Builders: People who can create and maintain the infrastructure needed to support the movement's growth and sustainability.
6. Storytellers: People who can communicate the movement's message effectively and inspire others to join the cause.

Question: What are the six types of people needed for bringing about meaningful change?
Answer: The six types of people needed for bringing about meaningful change are visionaries, organizers, agitators, navigators, builders, and storytellers.

Section 3: The Benefits of a Big Tent Approach

The third section will discuss the benefits of taking a "big tent" approach to social movements. We will explore how embracing people from different backgrounds and perspectives can lead to more creative and effective solutions to complex problems.

Question: What are the benefits of a big tent approach to social movements?
Answer: A big tent approach allows social movements to tap into a wider range of skills, resources, interests, and priorities. This can lead to more innovative and effective strategies for achieving the movement's goals. It also helps to build a more inclusive and diverse movement that reflects the diverse experiences and perspectives of those involved.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, we have learned about the importance of having diverse talent in social movements and the six types of people needed for bringing about meaningful change. We have also discussed the benefits of taking a big tent approach that welcomes and embraces people from different backgrounds and perspectives. By understanding these concepts, we can work towards building more effective and inclusive social movements that can bring about positive change.

Glossary:

- Diverse talent: A wide range of individuals with different skills, experiences, and perspectives who come together to work towards a common goal.
- Social movements: Organized groups of people who work together towards a specific social, political, or cultural change.
- Visionaries: People who can articulate a clear vision for the future and inspire others to work towards it.
- Organizers: People who can plan, coordinate, and execute strategies for achieving the movement's goals.
- Agitators: People who can challenge the status quo and push for change even when it is uncomfortable or risky.
- Navigators: People who can navigate complex systems and find ways to work within them to achieve the movement's goals.
- Builders: People who can create and maintain the infrastructure needed to support the movement's growth and sustainability.
- Storytellers: People who can communicate the movement's message effectively and inspire others to join the cause.


text: Had my teeth whitened here - Dr Hussain was amazing. So happy with the results, going back for invisalign. Really nice.. they've just done it all new! The staff are just lovely.. Dentistry. Medical Aesthetics. Private Patients Welcome. Hamera graduated from Kings College London and has completed further study and qualified at the Royal College of Surgeons in Edingburgh. Hamera has extensive experience in Dental Implants, Sedation, Short Term Orthodontics and Laser Dentistry. Hamera is able to provide a full range of dental treatments.. Hamera is an extremely passionate dentist and a perfectionist by nature. Hamera is keen to stay ahead of modern dentistry and is continuously investing in ongoing professional development. Hamera delivers outstanding patient care, she is trained in Sedation and specialises in providing dentistry for nervous and anxious patients.. Natalia.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Write a Review

Introduction:
Reviews are essential for businesses as they help customers decide whether or not to purchase a product or service. In this lesson, we will learn how to write a review that is informative, objective, and helpful.

Section 1: Understanding the Purpose of a Review

The purpose of a review is to provide other customers with information about a product or service. It should be honest, detailed, and unbiased. A good review should help customers make informed decisions about what they are buying.

Questions:
- What is the purpose of a review?
- How can a review be helpful to customers?
- Why is it important to be honest and detailed in a review?

Section 2: Writing an Informative Review

To write an informative review, you should include the following details:

1. The name of the business and the product or service being reviewed
2. Your experience with the business and the product or service
3. The pros and cons of the product or service
4. Whether or not you would recommend the product or service to others

Questions:
- What information should you include in a review?
- How can you make your review informative?
- Why is it important to include both pros and cons in a review?

Section 3: Being Objective in Your Review

When writing a review, it is essential to be objective and avoid personal opinions or biases. Instead, focus on the facts and the overall experience.

Questions:
- What does it mean to be objective in a review?
- How can you avoid personal opinions or biases in a review?
- Why is it important to focus on facts and the overall experience in a review?

Glossary:
- Review: A written evaluation of a product or service
- Informative: Providing information
- Objective: Based on facts and free from personal opinions or biases

Conclusion:
In conclusion, writing a review is an excellent way to help others make informed decisions about products or services. By being informative, objective, and including both pros and cons, you can provide valuable information to potential customers. Remember to focus on the facts and your overall experience, and avoid personal opinions or biases. With these tips in mind, you can write a review that is helpful and informative.


text: Welcome to the SRJC Online Job Board!. The SRJC Career Hub manages an Online Job Board where students and alumni can apply for local employment opportunities, as well as volunteer and internship positions and on-campus jobs.. The SRJC Online Job Board is a free service aimed at connecting SRJC on the Santa Rosa Campus, Career Hub, 3rd floor Bertolini (707) 527-4329.. Approved employers may post jobs and search résumés.. Available services, help guides and announcements of interest can be accessed through the icons below. All services are available 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Use an Online Job Board

Introduction:
An online job board is a platform that connects job seekers with employers looking to fill vacancies. It is an essential tool for anyone seeking employment or looking for internships or volunteer positions. In this lesson, we will explore the different features of an online job board and how to use them effectively.

Section 1: Understanding an Online Job Board

Topic 1: What is an Online Job Board?
An online job board is an electronic platform that allows employers to post job openings and candidates to search and apply for those positions. It is a convenient way for job seekers to access job opportunities without physically visiting an employer's office.

Topic 2: Types of Jobs Available on an Online Job Board
Online job boards offer a wide range of job opportunities, including part-time, full-time, internships, and volunteer positions. Some job boards also offer on-campus jobs for students.

Topic 3: How to Use an Online Job Board
To use an online job board, follow these steps:
1. Create a profile: Most job boards require you to create a profile before you can start searching for jobs. Ensure that you provide accurate and up-to-date information about yourself.
2. Search for jobs: Once you have created a profile, you can start searching for jobs. Use keywords to narrow down your search and filter your results by location, job type, and industry.
3. Apply for jobs: When you find a job that interests you, read the job description carefully and follow the application instructions. Most job boards allow you to upload your résumé and cover letter, but some may require you to fill out an application form.
4. Follow up: After applying for a job, follow up with the employer to ensure that they have received your application and to express your interest in the position.

Section 2: Tips for Using an Online Job Board

Topic 1: Personalize Your Application
When applying for a job, personalize your application to make it stand out. Customize your cover letter to highlight your relevant skills and experience, and explain why you would be a good fit for the position.

Topic 2: Research the Employer
Before applying for a job, research the employer to understand their culture, values, and mission. This will help you tailor your application to their specific needs and show that you have done your homework.

Topic 3: Network with Others
Networking is a powerful tool when job searching. Connect with people on LinkedIn, attend job fairs, and join professional organizations to expand your network and learn about job opportunities.

Section 3: Practical Examples

Example 1: Sarah is a college student looking for a part-time job near her campus. She logs onto the SRJC Online Job Board and searches for "part-time" and "near campus." She finds several job postings that match her criteria and applies to three of them. She follows up with each employer after a week to check on the status of her application.

Example 2: John is a recent graduate looking for a full-time marketing job. He logs onto the SRJC Online Job Board and searches for "marketing" and "full-time." He finds several job postings that match his criteria and applies to five of them. He personalizes his cover letter for each application and follows up with each employer after two weeks.

Conclusion:
An online job board is a valuable tool for job seekers. By following the tips provided in this lesson and using the practical examples, you can effectively use an online job board to find and apply for job opportunities. Remember to personalize your application, research the employer, and network with others to increase your chances of success.


text:
Pokemon GO Gen 4 Region Exclusives Revealed

report this adPokemon GO has officially added the fourth generation of Pokemon, letting Pokemon Trainers collect creatures that hail from the Sinnoh region. Fans have been waiting for Gen 4 Pokemon to arrive in the game for quite some time now, and so many are incredibly enthusiastic about the update. However, there is some disappointment as some of the Gen 4 Pokemon are region exclusives. The Pokemon GO fan community has begun to gather data about where the new Gen 4 Pokemon are spawning. Reports published on The Silph Road indicate that Gen 4 includes three region exclusives. These regional exclusive Pokemon are Carnivine, Chatot, and Pachirisu. Chatot, which is a Pokemon inspired by parakeets and musical notes (its head is in the shape of an eighth note), appears to be exclusive to the Southern Hemisphere. Pokemon GO players in Australia, Indonesia, Brazil, and Chile have reported catching the new character. Pachirisu, a Pokemon which combines electricity and squirrels, has been caught in the northern part of North America, including Canada and the state of Alaska in the US. Meanwhile, Carnivine, which is a Pokemon inspired by the carnivorous Venus flytrap, seems to be appearing in the southeastern region of the United States. There have been sightings of the Pokemon in North and South Carolina (the Venus flytrap is found in the wetlands of these two states), as well as Alabama, Maryland, Tennessee, Georgia, and Florida. This has inspired some players to call Florida “the best place” to be a Pokemon… [Read full story]

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Pokemon GO Gen 4 Region Exclusives

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Pokemon GO is a popular augmented reality mobile game developed by Niantic. In this game, players can capture, train, and battle virtual creatures called "Pokemon." The game has recently added the fourth generation of Pokemon, which hails from the Sinnoh region. However, some of these new Pokemon are region exclusives, meaning they can only be found in specific areas around the world.

### Section 2: Practical Examples

To understand why certain Pokemon are region exclusives, we need to look at their origins. For example, Chatot, a Pokemon inspired by parakeets and musical notes, appears to be exclusive to the Southern Hemisphere. This means that players in Australia, Indonesia, Brazil, and Chile have a better chance of catching this Pokemon compared to players in the Northern Hemisphere.

Similarly, Pachirisu, a Pokemon which combines electricity and squirrels, has been caught in the northern part of North America, including Canada and the state of Alaska in the US. This suggests that players in these areas have a higher chance of encountering this Pokemon.

Finally, Carnivine, a Pokemon inspired by plants and carnivorous animals, has been reported to spawn in areas with a temperate climate. This means that players in these regions may have a better chance of finding this Pokemon.

### Section 3: Questions and Answers

Q: Why are some Pokemon region exclusives?
A: Pokemon are region exclusives because they are based on real-world locations and cultures. Each Pokemon has a unique backstory and design, which is influenced by the region where it was first introduced in the video games. Therefore, some Pokemon can only be found in specific areas around the world.

Q: How do I increase my chances of catching region exclusive Pokemon?
A: To increase your chances of catching region exclusive Pokemon, you should focus on playing the game in areas where those Pokemon are known to spawn. You can use resources like The Silph Road to gather information about where to find these Pokemon. Additionally, make sure you have the necessary items and Pokemon on your team to effectively battle and catch these rare creatures.

### Glossary
- Region exclusive: A term used to describe a Pokemon that can only be found in specific areas around the world.
- Augmented reality: A technology that enhances or "augments" the real-world environment with digital elements, such as in the case of Pokemon GO.
- Mobile game: A video game designed to be played on a mobile device, such as a smartphone or tablet.

### Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the concept of region exclusives in Pokemon GO. We also explored practical examples of how these exclusives work and answered common questions about the topic. By understanding the reasons behind region exclusives and how to increase our chances of catching them, we can become better Pokemon trainers and enjoy the game even more.


text:
Question of the Day

Have you been impacted by the government shutdown?

Story TOpics

KENAI, Alaska (AP) - The state has decided to hold off on installing a boat ramp on the banks of the Kasilof River on south-central Alaska’s Kenai Peninsula after getting input from the public on the project.

The project, known as the Kasilof Landing, has been in the works for several years, The Peninsula Clarion reported Sunday (https://bit.ly/2l2LVkR).

Boaters have to pay to haul out at the Kasilof Lodge and Cabins, float all the way to the mouth of the river or motor back up to the park at the Sterling Highway bridge.

Residents had requested a drift boat takeout facility and the Legislature appropriated money for the facility in 2011 and 2012.

In December, the Alaska Department of Natural Resources’ state Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation unveiled plans that included a traditional boat ramp rather than a cable takeout system that would allow people to launch their boats.

After receiving a large number of public comments, the agency announced on its website last week that it was halting the project.

“The division is putting this project on hold while its takes a comprehensive look at the multiple Kasilof River recreation access projects that are in various stages of development,” the announcement states. “We will be reaching out to stakeholders and the community before we make any further decisions.”

The boat landing was planned for two adjacent parcels the state bought from private owners in 2015. Cleanup efforts on the land, including the removal of buried fuel tanks, have been ongoing since last fall and have also been put on hold.

That is likely to delay to the construction of the landing, which was scheduled for fall 2017.

There are several infrastructure improvements planned along the Kasilof River. DNR Commissioner Andy Mack said the department is “going back to the drawing board” on some of those areas as well as on the Kasilof Landing project.

“We’ve stopped the (boat landing) project right now, and . we’re going to go back and rethink what we’re doing and prioritize what our efforts are,” Mack said. “We have limited budgets here at the state.”

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Government Shutdowns

Introduction:
A government shutdown occurs when the government cannot fund its operations due to a lack of an approved budget or disagreements between political parties. This can lead to temporary closures of non-essential services and programs. In this lesson, we will explore the causes, effects, and potential solutions to government shutdowns.

Section 1: Causes of Government Shutdowns

Topic 1: Budget Disagreements

Question: Why do budget disagreements lead to government shutdowns?
Answer: When the government runs out of funding and lawmakers cannot agree on a new budget, they may not be able to pass necessary legislation to keep the government running. This can lead to a shutdown.

Topic 2: Political Disagreements

Question: How do political disagreements contribute to government shutdowns?
Answer: When political parties disagree on policy issues, they may not be able to pass legislation that is necessary to keep the government running. This can lead to a stalemate and eventually, a shutdown.

Section 2: Effects of Government Shutdowns

Topic 1: Non-Essential Services

Question: What services are affected during a government shutdown?
Answer: During a shutdown, non-essential services such as national parks, museums, and some government offices may close temporarily.

Topic 2: Economic Impact

Question: How does a government shutdown affect the economy?
Answer: A government shutdown can have a ripple effect on the economy, leading to lost productivity, reduced consumer spending, and potential job losses.

Section 3: Potential Solutions to Government Shutdowns

Topic 1: Passing a Budget

Question: What can be done to prevent future government shutdowns?
Answer: One solution is for lawmakers to pass a budget in a timely manner, avoiding last-minute disagreements that can lead to shutdowns.

Topic 2: Compromise and Negotiation

Question: How can political parties work together to prevent government shutdowns?
Answer: By compromising and negotiating in good faith, political parties can pass necessary legislation and avoid stalemates that lead to shutdowns.

Conclusion:

Government shutdowns can have significant consequences for both the government and the economy. By understanding the causes and potential solutions to these shutdowns, we can work towards preventing them and ensuring that the government continues to operate smoothly.

Glossary:
- Government shutdown: A temporary closure of non-essential government services due to a lack of funding or political disagreements.
- Budget: A plan that outlines how the government will spend its money.
- Legislation: A bill or act passed by a legislative body.

[Table]: Effects of Government Shutdowns
| Topic | Question | Answer |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Non-essential services | What services are affected during a government shutdown? | National parks, museums, and some government offices. |
| Economic impact | How does a government shutdown affect the economy? | Lost productivity, reduced consumer spending, and potential job losses. |

[Formula]: Percentage of government services that may be affected during a shutdown.


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textbook:
# Lesson: World War I Terminology Crossword Puzzle Activity Worksheet
## Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about the terminology used during World War I. We will create a crossword puzzle to help us remember the key terms and concepts. This lesson is suitable for primary through high school students.
## Objectives
- Understand the key terms and concepts related to World War I.
- Create a crossword puzzle using World War I terminology.
- Apply critical thinking skills to solve the crossword puzzle.
## Materials
- Crossword puzzle template
- List of World War I terminology
- Dictionary or thesaurus
- Pen or pencil
## Procedure
1. Begin by reviewing the list of World War I terminology with your students. Discuss any unfamiliar terms and encourage students to ask questions.
2. Explain to students that they will be creating a crossword puzzle using this terminology. Distribute the crossword puzzle template to each student.
3. Have students fill in the grid with their chosen words. Encourage them to use a dictionary or thesaurus to find synonyms and antonyms for each term.
4. Once students have completed their grids, have them exchange puzzles with a partner. The partner will try to solve the puzzle using the provided terminology.
5. After completing the puzzle, have a class discussion about the terminology used in World War I and its relevance today.
## Conclusion
In conclusion, this lesson on World War I terminology crossword puzzle activity worksheet was designed to help students understand the key terms and concepts related to this historical event. By creating a crossword puzzle, students were able to apply critical thinking skills and engage in a fun and interactive learning experience. This lesson can be adapted for different levels and can be used as a standalone activity or incorporated into a larger unit on World War I.


text:
Q:

R equivalent of a SQL UPDATE query

I want to do the equivalent of an UPDATE query in SQL using R.  If I have data like this:
# Example Data
df <- data.frame(x <- c("My Name", "My Name"), y <- c("AZ", "MI"))
colnames(df) <- c("Name", "State")

print(df)

> print(df)
     Name State
1 My Name    AZ
2 My Name    MI

I'd like to do the R equivalent of this in SQL :
update df
set Name = 'My Name1'
where Name = 'My Name'
and State = 'MI

So the final output is:
> print(df)
      Name State
1  My Name    AZ
2 My Name1    MI

Any ideas?

A:

Because you're using factors in your data frame, you are going to need to change the factor levels first using
levels(df$Name) <- c(levels(df$Name), "My Name1")

before actually changing the data frame using
df[df$Name == "My Name" & df$State == "MI", "Name"] <- "My Name1"

textbook:
Lesson: How to use SQL UPDATE Query in R

**Introduction:** In this lesson, we will learn how to use the SQL UPDATE query in R. We will start by understanding what an UPDATE query is and then move on to creating a simple example to illustrate how it works. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to update records in a database using R.

**What is an UPDATE Query?** An UPDATE query is a SQL statement that allows you to modify existing records in a table. It can be used to change the values of one or more columns in a row, based on a condition.

**Example:** Let's say we have a database table called "Customers" with columns "CustomerID" and "Name". We want to update the "Name" column for all customers whose "CustomerID" is equal to 100. We can use the following SQL statement to achieve this:

```sql
UPDATE Customers
SET Name = 'New Name'
WHERE CustomerID = 100;
```

Now let's see how we can use an UPDATE query in R.

**Using UPDATE Query in R**

In R, you can use the `dbConnect()` function to connect to a database and the `dbGetQuery()` function to execute SQL statements. Here's an example:

```R
library(RMySQL)

# Connect to the database
con <- dbConnect(MySQL(), user='root', password='password', dbname='mydatabase', host='localhost')

# Define the SQL statement
sql <- "UPDATE Customers
        SET Name = 'New Name'
        WHERE CustomerID = 100;"

# Execute the statement
result <- dbGetQuery(con, sql)

# Close the connection
dbDisconnect(con)
```

This code connects to a MySQL database, executes an UPDATE query, and updates the "Name" column for all customers with a CustomerID of 100.

**Conclusion:** In this lesson, we learned how to use the SQL UPDATE query in R. We started by understanding what an UPDATE query is and then moved on to creating a simple example to illustrate how it works. By the end of this lesson, you should be able to update records in a database using R.


text: Rafael Benitez, the Liverpool manager, has made his first signing of the January transfer window after Martin Skrtel, the Slovakia defender, completed his move from Zenit St Petersburg of Russia.. The 23-year-old has agreed a four-and-a-half year deal and will provide cover at centre-back with Daniel Agger working his way back from a broken foot and Sami Hyypia, 34, coming to the end of his Anfield career.. Skrtel, who has 15 international caps, is believed to have cost Liverpool about £6.5million - a club record for a defender.. “I think he is a player maybe not many people know about but

textbook:
Lesson: Transfer Window in Soccer

Introduction:
In soccer, the transfer window is a period of time when teams can sign new players or sell their current players to other teams. This lesson will teach you about the transfer window, how it works, and its significance in the world of soccer.

Section 1: What is the Transfer Window?

The transfer window is a period of time when teams can buy or sell players. It usually lasts for a few weeks and happens twice a year - in the summer and in the winter. During this time, teams can sign new players or sell their current players to other teams.

Why do we have a transfer window?

The transfer window exists to help balance the interests of both clubs and players. It ensures that clubs have enough time to assess their squads and make decisions on transfers. It also gives players the chance to move to another club if they are not happy at their current one.

How long does the transfer window last?

The length of the transfer window varies depending on which league or country you are talking about. In general, it lasts for about a month or so. For example, in the English Premier League, the summer transfer window lasts from June 10th to August 31st, while the winter transfer window lasts from January 1st to January 31st.

Section 2: How does the Transfer Window work?

During the transfer window, clubs can make contact with players or agents to negotiate a transfer. Once an agreement has been reached between the two clubs, the player will usually undergo a medical examination to ensure that he is fit to play. Finally, the paperwork is completed, and the transfer is official.

What happens if a transfer is not completed during the transfer window?

If a transfer is not completed during the transfer window, the player cannot play for any other team until the next transfer window. This is because the transfer window helps to regulate the movement of players and prevents clubs from signing players at any time of the year.

Section 3: Significance of the Transfer Window

The transfer window is significant because it helps to maintain a level playing field in soccer. It ensures that all clubs have an equal chance to sign players and that no club has an unfair advantage over others. It also helps to balance the interests of both clubs and players, as it allows players to move to another club if they are not happy at their current one.

Conclusion:

In summary, the transfer window is a period of time when teams can sign new players or sell their current players to other teams. It exists to help balance the interests of both clubs and players and to maintain a level playing field in soccer. By understanding how the transfer window works, you can better understand the world of soccer and how it operates.

Glossary:

- Transfer window: A period of time when teams can buy or sell players.
- Club: A soccer team.
- Player: A person who plays soccer.
- Agent: A person who represents a player and helps them negotiate contracts with clubs.
- Paperwork: The legal documents required to complete a transfer.

Self-Debate:

Do you think the transfer window is fair? Why or why not? Use evidence from the lesson to support your argument.


text: .— from a letter to Oskar Pollak from Franz Kafka, 1904.. Here's another thoughtful work from La Biennale de Montréal 2016 at the Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal, themed Le Grand Balcon. In Zac Langdon-Pole's My Body, poetic extracts are spelled out with enlarged ornamental letters (such as drop caps are often styled) in various typographies and with different artistic sensibilities (some are stark and modern, others cherub-laden). The different verses are introduced with epigraphic photographs; these are subdued in colour and highly reflective. Upon this visual is etched some textual excerpt, like textured text (my photo atempts can't capture it). The first framed photo here cited Kafka.. This section spells out "by the light of the axe / in my secret life / I am with him.". I really appreciated how difficult it was to decipher the text, both the photos and the initials, and their juxtaposition creates a puzzling but engaging tension. More than anything, though, I'm inspired to read Kafka's letter.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Communication

Introduction:
Communication is an essential skill that we use every day to share information, express ourselves, and connect with others. It is a fundamental part of our lives, and it is crucial to learn how to communicate effectively. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of communication, its different forms, and how to improve our communication skills.

Section 1: The Importance of Communication

Topic 1: Communication is essential in all aspects of life
Communication is vital in all areas of our lives, whether personal or professional. It helps us to build relationships, resolve conflicts, and work collaboratively with others. Good communication skills can help us to advance in our careers, maintain healthy relationships, and lead happier lives.

Topic 2: Communication is a two-way process
Communication involves not only sending messages but also receiving and understanding them. Effective communication requires active listening and empathy, which helps to create a sense of understanding and connection between people.

Topic 3: Communication is a key element of emotional intelligence
Emotional intelligence is the ability to recognize and manage our emotions and those of others. Communication is a significant part of emotional intelligence because it allows us to express our feelings and understand those of others.

Section 2: Different Forms of Communication

Topic 1: Verbal communication
Verbal communication refers to the use of words and sounds to exchange information between people. It includes speaking, listening, and using nonverbal cues such as body language and tone of voice.

Topic 2: Nonverbal communication
Nonverbal communication involves gestures, facial expressions, body language, and other physical cues that convey meaning without the use of words. It is an essential part of communication because it can reveal emotions and attitudes that may not be expressed verbally.

Topic 3: Written communication
Written communication involves using written language to exchange information. It includes emails, text messages, letters, and reports. Written communication is essential in many professions, such as journalism, writing, and law.

Section 3: How to Improve Your Communication Skills

Topic 1: Practice active listening
Active listening involves paying attention to what someone is saying, asking questions, and summarizing their points to show that you understand them. It helps to build trust and respect in relationships.

Topic 2: Use clear and concise language
Clear and concise language involves using simple and direct language to express ideas clearly and accurately. It helps to avoid misunderstandings and misinterpretations.

Topic 3: Be aware of cultural differences
Cultural differences can affect communication styles, values, and beliefs. Being aware of these differences can help us to communicate more effectively with people from diverse backgrounds.

Conclusion:
Effective communication is an essential skill that can help us to succeed in our personal and professional lives. By learning how to communicate clearly and empathetically, we can build stronger relationships, solve conflicts, and achieve our goals. By practicing active listening, using clear and concise language, and being aware of cultural differences, we can improve our communication skills and become more effective communicators.


text:
Wearing his familiar black brace on his right knee, Griffin completed 7 of 10 passes with an interception. He moved well in the pocket, although he didn't face much of a pass rush.

"It's like he never left," right tackle Tyler Polumbus said. "We hardly even noticed that he just got back in there. He was the same guy he was last year, and the same guy he's been in walkthroughs and 7-on-7 and all that."

Griffin had been limited to 7-on-7 drills during camp as he works his way back from reconstructive knee surgery, part of coach Mike Shanahan's cautious approach that has tested Griffin's patience. The difference between 7-on-7 and 11-on-11 is the presence of pass-rushing linemen who can test the quarterback's ability to change directions in a hurry.

Yet third-string quarterback Rex Grossman said it would be a stretch to categorize Griffin's snaps Wednesday as true 11-on-11 work. Second-stringer Kirk Cousins, for instance, took back the reins when the starters faced the starters in the 2-minute drill.

"He looks great," Grossman said of Griffin. "Right at seven months is where I felt like I was healthy when I tore my ACL. He's pretty much ready to go. I would say he's 90 percent capable of doing everything."

Even so, Grossman understands Shanahan's approach.

"If somebody were to fall in a competitive drill on his knee, everybody would have second-guessed it," Grossman said. "I think everybody's playing it smart, and Week 1, nobody remembers anything that happened before that. They remember the playoff game and Week 1, and whatever happens in between, nobody cares."

Except that they do. Wednesday's announced crowd of 10,111 was one of the biggest of camp, and it drew a disproportional amount of national media. Adding to the drama has been the back-and-forth between Shanahan and Griffin, who has said he doesn't like the coach's practice plan but is following along if it means playing in the Sept. 9 season opener.

Griffin did not address reporters Wednesday. Shanahan called Griffin's work the "next step" toward Week 1.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand Football Stats

Introduction:
Football is a popular sport that has millions of fans worldwide. As a fan, it's essential to understand the game's statistics to follow your favorite team or player's performance. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and interpret football stats, focusing on the quarterback's performance.

Section 1: Understanding Basic Football Stats

**Passing Yards**
Passing yards is the total number of yards gained by a team through completed passes. It's a crucial stat for quarterbacks, as it shows their ability to move the ball down the field.

**Completion Percentage**
Completion percentage is the ratio of completed passes to the total number of attempts. A high completion percentage indicates that a quarterback is efficient with the ball and can make accurate throws.

**Touchdown Passes**
Touchdown passes are when a quarterback throws a pass that results in a touchdown. It's a significant stat for quarterbacks, as it shows their ability to score points for their team.

**Interceptions**
Interceptions occur when a quarterback throws a pass that is caught by the opposing team. It's a negative stat for quarterbacks, as it indicates they are making mistakes that can lead to points for the other team.

Section 2: Analyzing Quarterback Stats

**Passer Rating**
Passer rating is a formula that measures a quarterback's performance based on passing yards, touchdown passes, interceptions, and attempts. It provides a comprehensive view of a quarterback's performance, taking into account both their passing and scoring abilities.

**QB Rating = (Passing Yards + Touchdown Passes) - Interceptions - 0.2 * (Attempts - Completions)**

**Total QBR**
Total QBR is a more advanced version of passer rating, taking into account more variables such as down, distance, and field position. It provides a more accurate picture of a quarterback's performance.

**QBR = (Passing Yards + Touchdown Passes + Rushing Yards + Rushing Touchdowns) - Interceptions - Sacks**

Section 3: Practical Examples

Let's take the example of quarterback Peyton Manning. In one game, he completed 30 out of 44 passes for 386 yards, with four touchdown passes and two interceptions. His passer rating would be:

**Passer Rating = (386 + 4) - 2 - 0.2 * (44 - 30) = 105.4**

In another game, he completed 25 out of 35 passes for 270 yards, with two touchdown passes and one interception. His total QBR would be:

**Total QBR = (270 + 2 + 10) - 1 - 0.1 * (35 - 25) = 67.9**

Conclusion:
Understanding football stats is essential for fans to follow their favorite team or player's performance. By learning how to read and interpret quarterback stats such as passing yards, completion percentage, touchdown passes, and interceptions, we can gain a deeper understanding of a quarterback's performance.

Glossary:
- Passing Yards: The total number of yards gained by a team through completed passes.
- Completion Percentage: The ratio of completed passes to the total number of attempts.
- Touchdown Passes: When a quarterback throws a pass that results in a touchdown.
- Interceptions: When a quarterback throws a pass that is caught by the opposing team.
- Passer Rating: A formula that measures a quarterback's performance based on passing yards, touchdown passes, interceptions, and attempts.
- Total QBR: A more advanced version of passer rating, taking into account more variables such as down, distance, and field position.


text:
The IDA has agreed to encourage future industries, planning to establish a base in Galway, to set up on lands owned by the authority in Oranmore.

“Effectively, they will regard Oranmore as an extension of Parkmore, and this will help to avoid adding to the terrible traffic problems that workers on that side of the city endure every day,” said Deputy Noel Grealish.

The Galway West Independent TD secured the commitment at a meeting in Dublin last week with IDA officials, including Chief Executive Martin Shanahan.

Deputy Grealish pointed out that there was 67 acres, or 27 hectares, of serviced land held by the IDA at the Oranmore Science & Technology Park.

“There is planning permission there for a biopharmaceutical manufacturing campus, but Mr Shanahan acknowledged that that is not now going to happen. The permission has been there for years but has not been taken up, and it is due to run out in 2020. They won’t be seeking a renewal.

“What he has agreed now is that they are going to use Oranmore as an extension of Parkmore and any new industries coming to Galway will be based in Oranmore.

“This is really good news, both for the people of Oranmore and the surrounding area, but also for the 10,000 people working in Parkmore as it will hopefully help relieve the awful traffic congestion around that area,” added Deputy Grealish.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Economic Development

### Overview:
Economic development refers to the sustained, concerted efforts of policymakers and communities to improve the standard of living, increase economic growth, and employment opportunities, and enhance overall quality of life for citizens. This lesson introduces students to the concept of economic development and its importance in society.

### Learning Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

1. Define economic development and explain its significance in society.
2. Identify the key factors that contribute to economic development.
3. Analyze the role of government and private sector in promoting economic development.
4. Discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with economic development.

### Section 1: Introduction to Economic Development

**Definition:** Economic development refers to the process of improving the well-being of a community or country through sustained economic growth, increased employment opportunities, and improved quality of life for citizens.

**Significance:** Economic development is essential for the progress of societies as it leads to increased wealth, improved infrastructure, better education and healthcare systems, and a higher standard of living for citizens.

### Section 2: Key Factors Contributing to Economic Development

**Factors:** There are several key factors that contribute to economic development, including:

1. Increased productivity: Economic development is driven by increased productivity, which results from technological advancements, innovation, and efficient resource allocation.

2. Human capital: A skilled and educated workforce is crucial for economic development. Education and training programs help individuals acquire the necessary skills to contribute to the economy.

3. Infrastructure: Access to reliable electricity, transportation networks, and communication systems is essential for economic development. These infrastructures facilitate trade and commerce, enabling businesses to operate efficiently.

4. Political stability: A stable political environment fosters investor confidence and encourages businesses to invest in a country or region, leading to economic growth.

5. Natural resources: Countries with abundant natural resources, such as minerals, oil, and gas, have a competitive advantage in the global market, attracting investments and stimulating economic development.

### Section 3: Role of Government and Private Sector in Promoting Economic Development

**Government:** Governments play a crucial role in promoting economic development by implementing policies that encourage investments, create job opportunities, and improve the business climate. Some of these policies include tax incentives, subsidies, and infrastructure development projects.

**Private sector:** The private sector is responsible for driving economic growth through entrepreneurship, innovation, and job creation. Businesses invest in research and development, expand their operations, and create new products and services, contributing to economic development.

### Section 4: Challenges and Opportunities Associated with Economic Development

**Challenges:** Economic development faces several challenges, including:

1. Income inequality: As some individuals and businesses benefit more than others from economic growth, income inequality can widen, leading to social unrest and political instability.

2. Environmental degradation: Rapid industrialization and urbanization can lead to environmental pollution, deforestation, and other forms of environmental degradation, posing challenges to sustainable economic development.

3. Global competition: As countries compete globally for investments, jobs, and markets, economic development becomes more challenging, requiring governments to adopt strategic policies and businesses to innovate continuously.

**Opportunities:** Despite these challenges, economic development presents several opportunities, including:

1. Job creation: Economic development leads to the creation of new jobs, reducing unemployment rates and improving citizens' standard of living.

2. Improved infrastructure: Investments in infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, and airports, enhance connectivity, making it easier for businesses to transport goods and services, and for people to access essential services.

3. Increased trade: Economic development fosters increased trade among countries, enabling them to export and import goods and services, boosting their economies.

### Glossary:
- Economic development: The process of improving the well-being of a community or country through sustained economic growth, increased employment opportunities, and improved quality of life for citizens.
- Human capital: The skills, knowledge, and abilities of the workforce that contribute to economic development.
- Infrastructure: The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
- Political stability: A stable political environment that fosters investor confidence and encourages businesses to invest in a country or region.
- Natural resources: Valuable materials or substances found in nature, such as minerals, oil, and gas.

### Conclusion:
Economic development is essential for the progress of societies as it leads to increased wealth, improved infrastructure, better education and healthcare systems, and a higher standard of living for citizens. By understanding the key factors contributing to economic development, the role of government and private sector in promoting it, and the challenges and opportunities associated with it, we can make informed decisions about how to approach economic development in our communities and countries.


text: Best airfares from Doha to TrondheimJetradar compares airfares from Doha to Trondheim with hundreds of airlines (including Lufthansa, KLM, Turkish Airlines) and dozens of online travel agencies in one single place. We provide you with all the options to find the cheapest flights to Trondheim, you choose where to book. Also there you can find airlines special offers from Doha to Trondheim. The cheapest round-trip price found within the last week was C$1,865.. Cheapest Flights from Doha to Trondheim. Flights from Doha to Trondheim. Travelling from Doha to Trondheim advices and facts. - The distance between Doha and Trondheim is 3225 miles (or 5190 kilometers).. - When you fly from Doha to Trondheim, don't forget about the time difference. The time in Trondheim is -2:00 from the Doha time. The current time in Trondheim is 08:38 PM and 10:38 PM in Doha. Check this again shortly before your flight.. - The currency exchange rate between Doha (DOH) and Trondheim (TRD) is 1 QAR = 2.2717 NOK.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Airfare Comparison Sites

Overview: In this lesson, we will learn about airfare comparison sites, their benefits, and how to use them effectively to find the best deals on flights.

Section 1: What are Airfare Comparison Sites?

Airfare comparison sites are websites that allow users to compare airfares from different airlines and online travel agencies in one place. These sites aggregate flight information from various sources, making it easier for travelers to find the best deals and make informed decisions when booking flights.

Section 2: Benefits of Using Airfare Comparison Sites

1. Convenience: Airfare comparison sites save time by allowing users to compare flights from multiple sources without visiting each website individually.

2. Cost savings: By comparing prices from different airlines and travel agencies, users can find the cheapest flights and save money.

3. Access to hidden deals: Some airline deals are only available through specific travel agencies or by booking directly with the airline. Airfare comparison sites can help users find these hidden deals.

4. Transparency: Airfare comparison sites provide users with detailed information about flights, including flight times, airline names, and layover durations, making it easier to choose the best option.

Section 3: How to Use Airfare Comparison Sites Effectively

1. Compare prices: Always check multiple airfare comparison sites to ensure you are getting the best deal. Different sites may have different prices for the same flight.

2. Be flexible with dates and destinations: Airfare prices can vary depending on the date and time of departure or arrival. Consider flying on different days or from nearby airports to find better deals.

3. Use filters: Many airfare comparison sites allow users to filter flights based on specific criteria, such as direct flights, non-stop flights, or specific airlines. Use these filters to find the best options for your needs.

4. Watch for promo codes: Some airfare comparison sites offer promo codes that can be applied at checkout to save money on flights. Look for these codes before booking to get the best deal.

Section 4: Practical Examples

Example 1: User wants to book a round-trip flight from New York City to London in June.

1. Go to an airfare comparison site and enter the departure city, destination, and travel dates.
2. Sort the results by price and select the cheapest option.
3. Click through to the airline or travel agency website to complete the booking.

Example 2: User wants to book a one-way flight from Los Angeles to Sydney in August.

1. Use an airfare comparison site to find the cheapest one-way flights from Los Angeles to Sydney in August.
2. Select the best option based on price and airline preference.
3. Click through to the airline or travel agency website to complete the booking.

Conclusion: Airfare comparison sites are powerful tools that can help travelers find the best deals on flights. By comparing prices from multiple sources, users can save money and make informed decisions when booking flights. Remember to be flexible with dates and destinations, use filters to find the best options, and watch for promo codes to get the best deal. With these tips in mind, users can effectively use airfare comparison sites to find great deals on flights.

Glossary:
- Airfare comparison site: A website that allows users to compare airfares from different airlines and online travel agencies.
- Promo code: A code that can be entered at checkout to save money on flights.
- Online travel agency: A company that sells travel products, such as flights, hotels, and car rentals, online.


text:
Q:

Geometrical meaning of intersection between line and bundle of circles

Given the following bundle of circles:
$$x^2(1 + k) + y^2(1 + k) + x(24 + 8k) + y(-4 -4k) + 4k + 132$$
I would have to find the circles tangent to the x-axis.
The way I would solve this is: plug $0$ into the $y$ variable (intersect the bundle with the x-axis), solve the resulting second degree equation and again solve for $k$ by forcing the discriminant to $0$.
I don't understand why, however, this method works; I would never solve a problem by using a method I don't understand.
Intersecting the bundle of circles with the x-axis gives us a second degree equation, which is a parabola (a bundle of parabolas, actually).
Now, generally, forcing the discriminant of a second degree equation to zero really means limiting the solutions to when they are only one and not two; more clearly, it means we're looking for only one intersection point.
Geometrically, on a graph, what does it mean to force the discriminant of the above equation to zero?
What does the (bundle of) parabola we found before represent?

A:

If you have
$$
x^2 (1 + k) + y^2 (1 + k) + x (24 + 8 k) - 4y (1 + k) + 4 k + 132=0
$$
The intersection with $y = \mu$ is obtained by solving for $x$
$$
x^2 (1 + k) + \mu^2 (1 + k) + x (24 + 8 k) - 4\mu (1 + k) + 4 k + 132=0
$$
or
$$
x = \frac{\pm\sqrt{-(k (\mu -6)+\mu +2) (k (\mu +2)+\mu -6)}-4 k-12}{k+1}
$$
but at tangency
$$
(k (\mu -6)+\mu +2) (k (\mu +2)+\mu -6) = 0
$$
then
$$
k (\mu -6)+\mu +2=0 \ \ \mbox{or}\ \ k (\mu +2)+\mu -6 = 0
$$
but we need the tangency when $\mu = 0$ then
$$
-6k +2=0 \ \ \mbox{or}\ \ 2k -6 = 0
$$
giving
$$
k = \frac 13\ \ \mbox{and} \ \ k = 3
$$
Attached a plot showing the circles bundle (light blue) and  in red the circle for $k = \frac 13$

NOTE
The circles's bundle can be written as
$$
\left(x+\frac{4 (k+3)}{k+1}\right)^2+(y-2)^2=\left(4\frac{k-1}{k+1}\right)^2
$$

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Geometrical Meaning of Intersection Between Line and Bundle of Circles

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the geometrical meaning of intersection between a line and a bundle of circles. We will start by understanding the equation that represents the bundle of circles and then move on to analyze the geometrical interpretation of the intersection points.

Pre-Requisites:
Students should have a basic understanding of algebraic equations and geometrical shapes.

Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
- Understand the geometrical meaning of intersection between a line and a bundle of circles.
- Analyze the equation that represents the bundle of circles.
- Identify the intersection points between the line and the bundle of circles.
- Explain the geometrical interpretation of the intersection points.

Section 1: Introduction to Intersection Between Line and Bundle of Circles

Topic 1: Geometrical Meaning of Intersection Between Line and Bundle of Circles

Question: What is the geometrical meaning of intersection between a line and a bundle of circles?

Answer: The geometrical meaning of intersection between a line and a bundle of circles refers to the points where the line crosses or touches the bundle of circles. These points are called intersection points.

Topic 2: Equation Representing the Bundle of Circles

Question: What is the equation that represents the bundle of circles?

Answer: The equation that represents the bundle of circles can be written as:
$$x^2 (1 + k) + y^2 (1 + k) + x (24 + 8 k) - 4y (1 + k) + 4 k + 132=0$$

This equation represents the circle with center at the origin and radius 132. However, when we add the term $k$, we are allowing for the possibility of other circles to be present in the bundle. The larger the value of k, the more circles are included in the bundle.

Section 2: Intersection Points Between Line and Bundle of Circles

Topic 1: Intersection Points Between Line and Bundle of Circles

Question: How do we find the intersection points between the line and the bundle of circles?

Answer: To find the intersection points between the line and the bundle of circles, we need to solve the equation of the line for y. The equation of the line can be written as:
$$y = mx + b$$

Where m is the slope of the line and b is the y-intercept. We can substitute this expression for y into the equation of the bundle of circles to get:
$$x^2 (1 + k) + (mx + b)^2 (1 + k) + x (24 + 8 k) - 4(mx + b) (1 + k) + 4 k + 132=0$$

Now, we can solve for b by setting the right-hand side of the equation to zero and solving for b. Once we have the value of b, we can find the slope m by rearranging the equation of the line. Finally, we can use the equation of the line to find the x-coordinates of the intersection points.

Topic 2: Intersection Points Between Line and Circle

Question: How do we find the intersection points between the line and a single circle?

Answer: To find the intersection points between the line and a single circle, we need to solve the equation of the circle for y. The equation of the circle can be written as:
$$x^2 + y^2 = r^2$$

Where r is the radius of the circle. We can substitute this expression for y into the equation of the line to get:
$$x^2 + (mx + b)^2 = r^2$$

Now, we can solve for b by setting the right-hand side of the equation to zero and solving for b. Once we have the value of b, we can find the slope m by rearranging the equation of the line. Finally, we can use the equation of the line to find the x-coordinates of the intersection points.

Section 3: Geometrical Interpretation of Intersection Points

Topic 1: Geometrical Interpretation of Intersection Points

Question: What is the geometrical interpretation of intersection points between the line and the bundle of circles?

Answer: The geometrical interpretation of intersection points between the line and the bundle of circles refers to the points where the line crosses or touches the bundle of circles. These points are called intersection points. Depending on the slopes of the line and the circles, the intersection points can be points of tangency, points of intersection, or points of secant lines.

Topic 2: Tangent Line

Question: What is a tangent line?

Answer: A tangent line is a line that touches a curve at a single point without intersecting it. In the context of intersection points between the line and the bundle of circles, a tangent line refers to a line that touches the bundle of circles at a single point without intersecting it.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have explored the geometrical meaning of intersection between a line and a bundle of circles. We have analyzed the equation that represents the bundle of circles and identified the intersection points between the line and the bundle of circles. Finally, we have explained the geometrical interpretation of the intersection points.

Glossary:
- Circle: A closed curve traced by a point moving in a plane at a constant distance from a given point called the center.
- Line: A straight line segment.
- Tangent: A straight line that touches a curve at a single point without intersecting it.
- Secant: A straight line that intersects a curve at two or more points.
- Intersection: A point where two lines or curves meet.

Self-Debate Discussion:
- Why is it important to understand the geometrical meaning of intersection between a line and a bundle of circles?
- How can we apply this knowledge to real-world scenarios?
- What are some challenges that we may face when trying to find the intersection points between a line and a bundle of circles?


text:
(Memphis) Latoya Shields says she had to sit down when she heard the news, During the whole relationship, I only knew of four children. When a prosecutor told her that the father of her child had 20 other children she said her knees buckled, At that time, three years ago, my child was the 21st child. Yeah, that would be overwhelming for anybody. She says after spending almost 8 years with Terry Turnage, she had no idea what he what he had been up to. WREG tried to find out by going to Shelby County Juvenile Court. Turnage had filed a petition there to lower his child support payments for 15 different women. Turnage never showed up to the hearing.

I don’t want anybody’s children to starve. But welfare ought to be limited to a monthly package of rice, beans and multivitamins. That’s it.

Nothing else will teach these women to look for a ring on their finger and a paycheck in a man.

I’m tired of hardworking people living within their means and limiting their family to the size they can support, and then getting screwed by these baby mamas. My husband didn’t marry this woman or ten million like her; I didn’t either. And still we pay child support to her, more than the baby daddy ever will.

Between this guy and the other guy with 30 kids, there are 50 more permanent Jesse Jackson / Al Sharpton plantation voters. I wish we could get off of this merry-go-round of fatherless welfare families. If we cannot change culture (all groups) to decry single motherhood and easy divorce, we will just be adding to this problem!

24
posted on 06/14/2012 2:53:23 PM PDT
by SES1066
(Government is NOT the reason for my existence!)

Very popular name in Memphis now, along with Letisha and Larond.
When I was born there in 1944 it was a nice city.
My father was a Main Street merchant.
In the past ten years it has flipped from 40% to 60% Afro.
It is now “gone with the wind”.

This is the third diverse Tennessean that has fathered more than 20-30+ children by several women. There is a culture around here that a certain ethnic group thrive upon having numerous children out of wedlock and then having welfare support the kids. NE Mississippi has several of these individuals that of I am aware. As long as they are supported by the public trough, nothing is keeping them from continuing this phenomenon.

Of course Holder will say that this is “cultural” for “his people.” The sad part of it is that these children will most likely end up like their “sperm donor,” unless they are shot during a robbery or home invasion.

Disclaimer:
Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual
posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its
management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the
exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Responsible Parenting

Introduction:
Parenting is one of the most important responsibilities in life. It involves taking care of children, providing them with love, support, and guidance, and preparing them for the future. However, not all parents take this responsibility seriously, and some even irresponsibly have multiple children without being able to provide for them. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of responsible parenting and the consequences of irresponsible parenting.

Section 1: Responsible Parenting
Responsible parenting involves taking care of your children's physical, emotional, and social needs. It means providing them with a stable home environment, education, healthcare, and a safe place to grow up. It also means setting boundaries and rules to help them learn right from wrong and teaching them important life skills.

Questions:
- What are some ways that responsible parents take care of their children?
- Why is it important for parents to provide a stable home environment for their children?
- How can parents set boundaries and rules to help their children learn right from wrong?

Section 2: Irresponsible Parenting
Irresponsible parenting occurs when parents do not take care of their children's needs or provide for them. This can lead to neglect, abuse, and even death. It can also result in children growing up without proper education, healthcare, or a safe place to live.

Questions:
- What are some examples of irresponsible parenting?
- Why is it dangerous for children to grow up without proper care and support?
- What are some long-term effects of irresponsible parenting on children?

Section 3: Consequences of Irresponsible Parenting
The consequences of irresponsible parenting can be severe and long-lasting. Children who grow up without proper care and support may struggle with emotional, behavioral, and academic problems. They may also have difficulty forming healthy relationships and making responsible choices as adults.

Questions:
- What are some long-term consequences of irresponsible parenting on children?
- How can children who grow up in irresponsible homes overcome these challenges?
- What can society do to prevent irresponsible parenting and support families in need?

Conclusion:
Responsible parenting is essential for the well-being of children and society as a whole. It involves taking care of children's physical, emotional, and social needs and providing them with a stable home environment. Irresponsible parenting can have severe consequences on children, including emotional, behavioral, and academic problems. By understanding the importance of responsible parenting and the consequences of irresponsible parenting, we can work towards creating a better future for our children.

Glossary:
- Responsible parenting: Taking care of your children's physical, emotional, and social needs and providing them with a stable home environment.
- Irresponsible parenting: Not taking care of your children's needs or providing for them.
- Neglect: Failure to provide necessary care or support for a child.
- Abuse: Physical, emotional, or sexual harm inflicted on a child.
- Stable home environment: A safe, clean, and supportive living space for a child.
- Boundaries: Rules or limits set by parents to guide their children's behavior.
- Life skills: Practical skills needed to navigate daily life, such as budgeting, cooking, and time management.


text: $ 15.00. $ 15.00. 15 recipes using Pro-Chem wash fast acid dyes for wool and silk.. The book comes with swatches. Soft, colorful range compliments the rich Fraktur Dye Recipes and bright Dye Recipes 2 using the same dyes for formulas. The same pro-chem colors are used in all 3 dye books.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Chemistry

## Section 1: What is Chemistry?

Chemistry is the study of matter and its interactions with energy and other substances. It is a physical science that deals with the behavior and characteristics of elements and compounds.

## Section 2: Why Study Chemistry?

Chemistry is an essential subject that helps us understand the world around us. It is involved in everything from the food we eat to the medicines we take. By studying chemistry, we can learn about the properties of matter, how substances interact, and how to create new materials.

## Section 3: Basic Concepts in Chemistry

There are several basic concepts in chemistry that are essential to understanding the subject. These include:

1. Atoms - The smallest unit of matter that makes up everything.
2. Elements - A pure substance made up of only one type of atom.
3. Compounds - A substance made up of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.
4. Chemical reactions - Processes that involve the rearrangement of atoms to create new substances.
5. The Periodic Table - A tool used to organize elements based on their atomic number and properties.

## Section 4: Practical Examples

Chemistry is not just a theoretical subject. It has many practical applications in everyday life. Here are some examples:

1. Cooking - The Maillard reaction is a chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars that gives cooked food its browned color and flavor.
2. Medicine - Many drugs are created through chemical reactions, and understanding chemistry is essential for creating new medicines.
3. Environmental Science - Chemistry plays a crucial role in understanding environmental processes such as pollution and climate change.

## Glossary

- Atom: The smallest unit of matter that makes up everything.
- Element: A pure substance made up of only one type of atom.
- Compound: A substance made up of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.
- Chemical reaction: A process that involves the rearrangement of atoms to create new substances.
- Periodic Table: A tool used to organize elements based on their atomic number and properties.

## Conclusion

Chemistry is an essential subject that helps us understand the world around us. By studying chemistry, we can learn about the properties of matter, how substances interact, and how to create new materials. This subject has many practical applications in everyday life, from cooking to medicine to environmental science.


text: Eligibility. To be eligible for the Japan-IMF Scholarship Program you must be:. - A Japanese citizen.. - Pursuing an advanced degree in macroeconomics, finance, public finance, monetary economics, international economics, international trade, poverty issues, political economy, or econometrics at a top university outside of Japan; and. - Able to complete your Ph.D. by age 34.. Up to seven scholarships are awarded annually on a competitive basis to students with a record of high academic achievement. All Japan -IMF Scholarship Program scholars who apply for employment at the Fund since there are many applicants for each available position and the selection process is very competitive.

textbook:
Lesson: Eligibility Criteria for the Japan-IMF Scholarship Program

**Introduction**: In this lesson, we will learn about the eligibility criteria for the Japan-IMF Scholarship Program. We will cover the requirements for nationality, educational background, and age limit. By understanding these criteria, we can determine if we are eligible to apply for this prestigious scholarship program.

**Section 1: Eligibility Criteria**:

To be eligible for the Japan-IMF Scholarship Program, you must meet the following criteria:

1. **Nationality**: You must be a Japanese citizen.
2. **Educational Background**: You must be pursuing an advanced degree in macroeconomics, finance, public finance, monetary economics, international economics, international trade, poverty issues, political economy, or econometrics at a top university outside of Japan.
3. **Age Limit**: You must be able to complete your Ph.D. by age 34.

**Section 2: Explanation of Criteria**:

1. Nationality: The Japan-IMF Scholarship Program is only open to Japanese citizens. This means that if you are not a Japanese citizen, you cannot apply for this scholarship program.

2. Educational Background: To be eligible for the Japan-IMF Scholarship Program, you must be pursuing an advanced degree in one of the specified fields. This typically means that you have already completed your undergraduate degree and are now working towards a master's or doctoral degree. The scholarship program is looking for individuals who have demonstrated high academic achievement and have the potential to make significant contributions to their field of study.

3. Age Limit: The Japan-IMF Scholarship Program is only open to individuals who will be 34 years old or younger when they complete their Ph.D. This means that if you are already 35 years old or older, you are not eligible to apply for this scholarship program.

**Section 3: Practical Examples**:

Let's say that you are a Japanese citizen pursuing a Ph.D. in macroeconomics at Harvard University. You have a strong academic record and have published several research papers in top-tier economics journals. You meet all the eligibility criteria for the Japan-IMF Scholarship Program and decide to apply.

On the other hand, let's say that you are a Japanese citizen pursuing a master's degree in international trade at the London School of Economics. While you have a strong academic record, you have not yet completed your undergraduate degree and therefore do not meet the educational background requirement for the Japan-IMF Scholarship Program. As such, you would not be eligible to apply for this scholarship program.

**Conclusion**: In this lesson, we learned about the eligibility criteria for the Japan-IMF Scholarship Program. We covered the requirements for nationality, educational background, and age limit. By understanding these criteria, we can determine if we are eligible to apply for this prestigious scholarship program.

**Glossary**:
- Japan-IMF Scholarship Program: A scholarship program funded by the Government of Japan and the IMF that provides financial support to Japanese citizens pursuing advanced degrees in economics-related fields.
- Advanced Degree: A graduate-level degree, such as a master's or doctoral degree, that requires completion of coursework and original research.
- Top University: A highly regarded and prestigious institution of higher education, typically ranked among the best in the world.
- Ph.D.: Doctor of Philosophy, the highest academic degree awarded by universities in many countries.


text:
Q:

How to blend multiple normal maps?

I want to achieve a distortion effect which distorts the full screen. For that I spawn a couple of images with normal maps. I render their normal map part on some camera facing quads onto a rendertarget which is cleared with the color (127,127,255,255). This color means that there is no distortion whatsoever. Then I want to render some images like this one onto it:
If I draw one somewhere on the screen, then it looks correct because it blends in seamlessly with the background (which is the same color that appears on the edges of this image). If I draw another one on top of it then it will no longer be a seamless transition. For this I created a blendstate in directX 11 that keeps the maximum of two colors, so it is now a seamless transition, but this way, the colors lower than 127 (0.5f normalized) will not contribute. I am not making a simulation and the effect looks quite convincing and nice for a game, but in my spare time I am thinking how I could achieve a nicer or a more correct effect with a blend state, maybe averaging the colors somehow? I I did it with a shader, I would add the colors and then I would normalize them, but I need to combine arbitrary number of images onto a rendertarget.
This is my blend state now which blends them seamlessly but not correctly:
    D3D11_BLEND_DESC bd;
    bd.RenderTarget[0].BlendEnable=true;
    bd.RenderTarget[0].SrcBlend = D3D11_BLEND_SRC_ALPHA;
    bd.RenderTarget[0].DestBlend = D3D11_BLEND_INV_SRC_ALPHA;
    bd.RenderTarget[0].BlendOp = D3D11_BLEND_OP_MAX;
    bd.RenderTarget[0].SrcBlendAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_ONE;
    bd.RenderTarget[0].DestBlendAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_ZERO;
    bd.RenderTarget[0].BlendOpAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_OP_MAX;
    bd.RenderTarget[0].RenderTargetWriteMask = 0x0f;

Is there any way of improving upon this?
(PS. I considered rendering each one with a separate shader incementally on top of each other but that would consume a lot of render targets which is unacceptable)

A:

I am doing this by first remapping the normal map to the range [-1,1], then blending them onto a signed normalized 32 bit render target (DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SNORM). The additive blend state I am using is of course like this:
BlendOp: ADD
SRCBlend: SRC_ALPHA
DSTBlend: ONE

The signed render target is first cleared to ZERO of course.

textbook:
Lesson: Blending Multiple Normal Maps

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to blend multiple normal maps to achieve a distortion effect that distorts the full screen. We will use DirectX 11 to create a blend state that keeps the maximum of two colors, so it is now a seamless transition.

Section 1: Understanding Normal Maps
A normal map is a texture that contains height information, much like a heightmap, but it uses a grayscale image to represent the normal direction of the surface at each point. It is often used in computer graphics to simulate the reflection of light and to create more realistic surfaces.

Section 2: Creating the Distortion Effect
To create the distortion effect, we will first spawn a couple of images with normal maps. Then, we will render their normal map part on some camera facing quads onto a rendertarget which is cleared with the color (127,127,255,255). This color means that there is no distortion whatsoever. After that, we will render some images like this one onto it.

Section 3: Blending Multiple Normal Maps
To blend multiple normal maps, we will create a blend state in DirectX 11 that keeps the maximum of two colors. This way, it is now a seamless transition. We can also try averaging the colors somehow to achieve a nicer or more correct effect.

Section 4: Practical Examples
We can use the following formula to calculate the final color:
FinalColor = (Color1 + Color2) / 2
This formula calculates the average of two colors, which can give us a smoother transition between the normal maps.

Section 5: Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned how to blend multiple normal maps to achieve a distortion effect that distorts the full screen. We used DirectX 11 to create a blend state that keeps the maximum of two colors, so it is now a seamless transition. We also explored practical examples and formulas to achieve a nicer or more correct effect. By applying these skills, we can create more realistic surfaces and special effects in our graphics projects.


text:
Pechito nets Nürburgring pole for Toyota

TOYOTA GAZOO Racing will start the 6 Hours of Nürburgring from pole position after an impressive performance in qualifying for the fourth round of the 2017 FIA World Endurance Championship (WEC).

Kamui Kobayashi and José María López took top spot by 0.154secs from the #2 Porsche for a third pole position in four races for #7 TS050 HYBRID they share with Mike Conway.

The Nürburgring has not been a happy hunting ground for TOYOTA, with fifth place its best result in the Eifel, but a strong qualifying raises hopes of a best-ever result at this track.

José María took part in his first WEC qualifying and immediately put the #7 in first place. Kamui, who set a record-beating pole time at Le Mans last month, completed the job with another quick time, beating the 2016 pole position average by 1.326secs.

The point earned for pole reduces TOYOTA’s gap to Porsche to 23.5 points. The target for Sunday’s race remains to fight for victory and move closer to the lead of both championships.

Kamui Kobayashi (TS050 HYBRID #7): “We will enjoy this moment; qualifying is only a small part of the weekend but it’s nice to be on pole and earn another point for the team. We made continuous improvements during practice after we struggled a bit on Friday. José did a really good lap today and everyone did a great job; this is the result of our team work. Now our focus is on the race.”

José María López (TS050 HYBRID #7): “We needed to catch up a bit after Friday so everyone pushed really hard to improve the set-up and be competitive in qualifying. In final practice we saw the potential and the team did really well to put it together, including a fantastic lap from Kamui. I’m really happy with my first WEC qualifying and pole position so now I can’t wait for the race.”

textbook:
Lesson: How to Calculate Average Speed

**Introduction:** In this lesson, we will learn how to calculate average speed. Average speed is the total distance traveled divided by the time taken to travel that distance. This concept is essential in many fields, including transportation, sports, and physics.

**Theoretical Concepts:**

1. Distance: Distance is the length of the path traveled by an object or person. It is measured in units such as meters, kilometers, or miles.

2. Time: Time is the duration of an event or the length of time taken to complete a task. It is measured in seconds, minutes, hours, or days.

3. Average Speed: Average speed is calculated by dividing the total distance traveled by the time taken to travel that distance. It is usually expressed in units per hour, such as kilometers per hour (km/h) or miles per hour (mph).

**Practical Examples:**

Let's say you drove your car from home to work today. If you know the distance between these two places and the time it took you to travel that distance, you can calculate your average speed for the journey.

For example, let's say your car has a odometer reading of 15 kilometers when you leave home, and 18 kilometers when you arrive at work. If it took you 30 minutes (or 1800 seconds) to complete the journey, your average speed would be:

Average Speed = (Total Distance) / (Time Taken)
Average Speed = (15 km + 18 km) / 1800 s
Average Speed = 33 km/h

In this case, your average speed was 33 km/h.

**Questions and Answers:**

1. What is average speed?
Answer: Average speed is the total distance traveled divided by the time taken to travel that distance.

2. How do we measure distance?
Answer: We measure distance in units such as meters, kilometers, or miles.

3. How do we measure time?
Answer: We measure time in seconds, minutes, hours, or days.

4. How do we calculate average speed?
Answer: We calculate average speed by dividing the total distance traveled by the time taken to travel that distance.

**Conclusion:** In this lesson, we learned how to calculate average speed. We discussed the theoretical concepts of distance, time, and average speed, and then applied these concepts to practical examples. By understanding this concept, we can better understand and analyze data in various fields, such as transportation, sports, and physics.


text: languages of the world have phonemic length in either vowels or consonants or both. In this article, I show how to use Speech Analyzer to physically measure length, give tips for the types of recordings needed for this, and just as importantly, how to interpret your measurements. A sample sound file is included.

textbook:
Lesson: Phonemic Length Measurement with Speech Analyzer

Introduction:
Phonemic length refers to the duration of sounds in speech. It is an important aspect of pronunciation that affects how words are perceived by listeners. In this lesson, we will learn how to use the Speech Analyzer tool to measure phonemic length and interpret the results.

Section 1: Understanding Phonemic Length
- Phonemic length is the time it takes for a sound to be pronounced.
- It can be measured in milliseconds (ms) or seconds (s).
- The length of a sound can vary depending on the language, accent, and individual speaker.

Section 2: Using Speech Analyzer to Measure Phonemic Length
- Speech Analyzer is a software tool that can be used to analyze speech sounds.
- To measure phonemic length, you will need to record yourself saying a word or phrase that contains the sound you want to measure.
- Once you have recorded the sound, you can import it into Speech Analyzer and use the tool to measure the length of the sound.
- The tool will display the length of the sound in milliseconds (ms) or seconds (s).

Section 3: Interpreting Phonemic Length Measurements
- The length of a sound can vary depending on the language, accent, and individual speaker.
- Therefore, it is essential to compare your measurements to a reference standard.
- You can use a database of phonemes and their corresponding lengths to compare your measurements.
- If your measurements are within the normal range, then they are likely accurate.
- However, if your measurements are outside the normal range, you may need to re-record the sound or consult with a speech therapist.

Glossary:
- Phoneme: The smallest unit of sound in a language.
- Phonemic length: The duration of a sound in speech.
- Millisecond (ms): One thousandth of a second.
- Second (s): Sixty minutes.

Conclusion:
Phonemic length measurement is an important aspect of pronunciation that can affect how words are perceived by listeners. By using Speech Analyzer, you can accurately measure the length of sounds in speech. This skill can be applied to new problems by measuring the phonemic length of other sounds and comparing them to a reference standard.