text:
Bagby Stationhouse, Water Tanks and Turntable

The Bagby Stationhouse, Water Tanks and Turntable are associated with the Yosemite Valley Railroad (YVRR), which ran from Merced, California to El Portal at the entrance to Yosemite National Park. The railroad operated from 1907 to 1945.

The structures now located at El Portal were built in Bagby, and were moved from that location in 1966 when the townsite was to be inundated by the filling of Lake McClure behind New Exchequer Dam.

Stationhouse
Bagby Stationhouse is a rectangular wood frame structure measuring  by . The two-story building was designed for a narrow site between the railroad tracks and the Merced River at Bagby. The hipped roof overhangs by . The downstairs portion of the station comprises three rooms, a waiting room at one and a freight room at the other, separated by an office. The second floor was built as living accommodations for the stationmaster, with a living room, bedroom, kitchen, bath and enclosed porch. The station is now used by the Yosemite Conservancy.

Water tanks
There are two water tanks at El Portal, salvaged from Bagby.  The wood tanks stand on a timber structure and are  high overall.  A gabled standing seam metal roof runs over both tanks, whose wood sides are held with iron bands. The support framing is 12" x 12" timber.

Turntable
The turntable was built at Bagby. It is reputed to be the last manually operated gallows-frame standard-gauge turntable left in the United States. The turntable was built of heavy timber, tied together with iron rods. The central gallows is a  timber frame, with a king post truss composed of one-inch iron rods from the frame to the ends of the turntable.The turntable pivoted on wheels running on a single circular rail,  in diameter.

The structures are located on National Park Service-owned property in El Portal, just outside Yosemite National Park proper, and are administered by the park. The ensemble was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 13, 1979.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Yosemite National Park
National Register of Historic Places listings in Mariposa County, California

References

External links
 Yosemite Valley Railroad website

Category:Transportation buildings and structures in Mariposa County, California
Category:Railway buildings and structures in California
Category:Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in California
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Mariposa County, California
Category:Railway buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in California
Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in California
Category:Railway depots on the National Register of Historic Places
Category:Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in California
Category:Former railway stations in California

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Architectural History

### Overview

In this lesson, we will explore the history of architecture and its impact on society. We will learn about different architectural styles and periods, and examine the role of architecture in shaping our environment.

### Objectives

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

- Identify key architectural styles and periods
- Understand the role of architecture in society
- Analyze the impact of architecture on our environment
- Apply knowledge of architectural history to analyze and interpret buildings and structures

### Section 1: Introduction to Architecture

Architecture is the design and planning of buildings, structures, and spaces. It involves not only the physical construction of a building, but also its aesthetic, functional, and historical aspects. Architecture has played a significant role in shaping human history and has had a profound impact on our society and culture.

### Section 2: Architectural Styles and Periods

There are many different architectural styles and periods, each with its own unique characteristics and features. Some of the most notable styles include:

- Ancient Egyptian: This style is characterized by massive scale, large columns, and elaborate reliefs.
- Gothic: This style emerged during the High Middle Ages and is known for its pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses.
- Renaissance: This style originated in Italy in the 15th century and is marked by symmetry, proportion, and classical motifs.
- Baroque: This style flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries and is characterized by grandeur, drama, and ornamentation.
- Modernism: This style emerged in the early 20th century and emphasizes simplicity, functionality, and minimal ornamentation.

### Section 3: The Role of Architecture in Society

Architecture plays a crucial role in shaping our environment and has a significant impact on our lives. It can reflect the values, beliefs, and aspirations of a society, and can also serve as a symbol of power, wealth, and prestige. Architecture can also have a practical impact, such as providing shelter, protection, and comfort.

### Section 4: Analysis of Buildings and Structures

By studying architectural history, we can analyze and interpret buildings and structures to gain insight into the societies that created them. For example, by examining the layout and design of ancient Greek temples, we can learn about their religious beliefs and practices. Similarly, by studying the designs of medieval castles, we can understand the military strategies and social structures of the time.

### Glossary

- Style: A particular way of building or designing buildings that is characteristic of a particular period, culture, or artist.
- Period: A specific time frame in history during which certain architectural styles were popular or prevalent.
- Symmetry: Balance and harmony in design, often achieved by mirroring elements across a central axis.
- Proportion: The harmonious relationship between different parts of a building or structure.
- Ornamentation: The use of decorative elements in architecture, such as carvings, moldings, or sculptures.

### Conclusion

Architecture has played a vital role in shaping human history and has had a profound impact on our society and culture. By studying architectural history, we can gain valuable insights into the societies that created these buildings and structures, and apply this knowledge to analyze and interpret the built environment around us.


text: Description. Chemspec POG is a powerful ready to use carpet spotter, which is effective in the removal of an array of stains from carpets and fabrics.. Chemspec Paint, Oil & Grease Remover will remove stains such as paint, ink, shoe polish, grease and more. POG should be applied undiluted to the stain, which should then be blotted with a clean, white towel. The area should then be rinsed.. A clear, ready to use liquid, with a fresh fragrance.. PH 5.0 – 6.0. 0.9 litre bottle.. Reviews. There are no reviews yet.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: How to Remove Stains from Carpets and Fabrics

### Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn how to remove stains from carpets and fabrics using Chemspec POG and Chemspec Paint, Oil & Grease Remover. We will cover the following topics:

- What is Chemspec POG and Chemspec Paint, Oil & Grease Remover?
- How do they work to remove stains from carpets and fabrics?
- When should you use each product?
- What are the steps to remove stains using these products?

### Section 2: What is Chemspec POG and Chemspec Paint, Oil & Grease Remover?
Chemspec POG is a powerful ready-to-use carpet spotter that is effective in removing an array of stains from carpets and fabrics. Chemspec Paint, Oil & Grease Remover is a clear, ready-to-use liquid with a fresh fragrance that is used to remove stains such as paint, ink, shoe polish, grease, and more.

### Section 3: How do they work to remove stains from carpets and fabrics?
Both products contain special ingredients that help break down and remove stains from carpets and fabrics. Chemspec POG contains enzymes that break down protein-based stains, while Chemspec Paint, Oil & Grease Remover contains solvents that dissolve oil-based stains.

### Section 4: When should you use each product?
Chemspec POG is ideal for removing protein-based stains such as blood, vomit, and urine. Chemspec Paint, Oil & Grease Remover is ideal for removing oil-based stains such as paint, ink, and grease.

### Section 5: What are the steps to remove stains using these products?
1. For Chemspec POG:
   a. Blot the stain with a clean cloth to remove excess moisture.
   b. Apply Chemspec POG directly to the stain and allow it to sit for 5-10 minutes.
   c. Blot the stain again with a clean cloth.
   d. Rinse the area with water to remove any remaining residue.

2. For Chemspec Paint, Oil & Grease Remover:
   a. Apply the remover directly to the stain and allow it to sit for 5-10 minutes.
   b. Blot the stain with a clean cloth to remove the dissolved stain.
   c. Rinse the area with water to remove any remaining residue.

### Section 6: Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about Chemspec POG and Chemspec Paint, Oil & Grease Remover and how they can be used to remove stains from carpets and fabrics. We covered the differences between the two products and the steps to remove stains using them. By following these steps, you can effectively remove a wide range of stains from your carpets and fabrics.


text: Mass notification system sound tests scheduled. The University will conduct sound testing of the new University campus mass notification system starting Tuesday, Sept. 4. The testing will occur between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., and may take place over four days. It is expected that the system will be operational in the late fall, at which time additional information about this system will be distributed... Once operational, this notification system will.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Mass Notification Systems

Introduction:
Mass notification systems are essential tools used to alert people of potential dangers or emergencies. These systems are designed to provide timely and accurate information to individuals within a specific area or building. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of mass notification systems, their components, and how they work.

Section 1: Understanding Mass Notification Systems

Topic 1: Importance of Mass Notification Systems
- Mass notification systems are crucial in ensuring public safety.
- They provide timely and accurate information during emergencies.
- They help prevent panic and confusion among individuals.

Topic 2: Components of Mass Notification Systems
- The primary component of a mass notification system is the notification device.
- This can be a siren, loudspeaker, or any other device that emits sound.
- Another essential component is the control panel, which allows operators to activate the system and send out messages.
- The message itself is also an integral part of the mass notification system.

Topic 3: How Mass Notification Systems Work
- Mass notification systems work by sending out a signal to the notification devices.
- The signal is usually triggered by a sensor or an operator.
- Once the signal is received, the notification device emits a sound or visual message.
- The message is typically repeated until the emergency situation has been resolved.

Section 2: Practical Examples Using Mathematical Abstractions and Real-World Scenarios

Topic 1: Calculating the Range of a Siren
- The range of a siren is determined by its decibel level and the distance from the source.
- We can use the formula: Range = (Power) / (Distance)^2
- For example, if the power of a siren is 100 decibels and the distance from the source is 1 kilometer, the range would be 100 meters.

Topic 2: Applying Mass Notification Systems in Different Environments
- Mass notification systems can be used in various environments such as schools, hospitals, and airports.
- In schools, the system can be used to alert students and teachers of potential dangers such as a fire or intruder.
- In hospitals, the system can be used to inform staff and patients of emergencies such as power outages or chemical spills.
- In airports, the system can be used to notify passengers of delays or cancellations.

Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions to Teach Critical Thinking

Topic 1: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Mass Notification Systems
- What factors should be considered when evaluating the effectiveness of mass notification systems?
- How can we measure the success of these systems?
- What are some potential challenges associated with mass notification systems?

Topic 2: Comparing Different Types of Notification Devices
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of different types of notification devices?
- How do sirens, loudspeakers, and visual notifications differ in terms of effectiveness?
- Which type of notification device is best suited for different environments?

Glossary:
- Mass Notification System: A system designed to alert individuals of potential dangers or emergencies.
- Notification Device: A device that emits sound or visual messages to alert individuals.
- Control Panel: A device used to activate and operate the mass notification system.
- Decibel: A unit used to measure the intensity of sound.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, mass notification systems are essential tools that help keep individuals safe during emergencies. By understanding the components and functionality of these systems, we can better appreciate their importance in our daily lives. Throughout this lesson, we have explored the different aspects of mass notification systems, from their components to their practical applications. By engaging in self-debating discussions, we have also learned how to critically evaluate and compare different types of notification devices. As we continue to learn more about these systems, we can apply our knowledge to new problems and situations.


text: Fun fact about me: I love brunch. I am brunch-obsessed. And not only that, but I can brunch hard. True story - I once had to take an uber home from brunch. At 5:00 P.M. It still gets brought up to this day. I think what I love most about brunch is the times i've … Continue reading Bloody Mary Deviled Eggs. Category: Deviled Eggs. Siracha Mayo Deviled Eggs with Crispy Pork Belly. One of my New Year's Resolutions this year is to be present and involved with this blog. I moved to Germany this summer and frankly, let this fall off of the map of my life, which is a shame, because I really love working on new recipes! So i'm happy to say I have several … Continue reading Siracha Mayo Deviled Eggs with Crispy Pork Belly. Flaming Hot Cheeto Deviled Eggs. Celebrities: They’re Just Like Us!

textbook:
Lesson: How to Make Deviled Eggs
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to make deviled eggs, a delicious appetizer or snack made from hard-boiled eggs, mayonnaise, mustard, and other seasonings. Deviled eggs are a popular dish served at many events and gatherings.
Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is to teach you how to make deviled eggs from scratch, including the ingredients, tools, and steps required to prepare them.
Materials:
- 6 large eggs
- Water
- Vinegar
- Salt
- Sugar
- Ice water
- 1/2 cup mayonnaise
- 1 tablespoon Dijon mustard
- 1 tablespoon horseradish
- 1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
- 1 teaspoon hot sauce
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/4 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon turmeric
- 1/4 teaspoon cumin
- 1/4 teaspoon coriander
- 1/4 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder


text:
[Long-term results of treatment in T1, T2 laryngeal cancer with CO2 laser microsurgery].
The aim of this study was estimation the long term results of CO2 laser therapy in laryngeal cancer. 36 patients with early glottic cancer-T1 and T2 were treated with CO2 laser microsurgery in 1990-1992. The control laryngological, phoniatric and laryngovideostroboscopic examinations were conducted from six to thirty months after the operation. The next controls were done within three years and then after eight to ten years from microsurgery. The local recurrence was observed only during the first control in seven cases--19%. Four patients underwent total laryngectomy after several laser microsurgery, two were treated only with CO2 laser and one had CO-therapy. The better quality of voice was observed during following control examinations. A scar with smooth surface and marge in 29 persons and a tendency to phonatory vibration of scar in 9 patients were noticed in laryngovideostroboscopy examination during the first control. Following examinations showed a progressive improvement of voice parameters.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding Research Papers in Oncology

Introduction:
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and spreading. Oncology is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand research papers in oncology, specifically focusing on the treatment of laryngeal cancer with CO2 laser microsurgery.

Section 1: Understanding Research Papers

1.1 What is a research paper?
A research paper is a written document that presents the findings of a scientific study or experiment. It is usually published in academic journals or presented at conferences.

1.2 How to read a research paper?
To read a research paper, start by reading the abstract, which is a brief summary of the study. Then, read the introduction, which explains the background of the study and its objectives. Next, read the methods section, which describes how the study was conducted. Finally, read the results and discussion sections, which present the findings and their implications.

1.3 What are the parts of a research paper?
A research paper typically consists of several parts, including the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and references.

Section 2: Understanding the Research Paper on Laryngeal Cancer Treatment

2.1 What is laryngeal cancer?
Laryngeal cancer is a type of cancer that affects the larynx, or voice box. It can cause changes in a person's voice, swallowing, and breathing.

2.2 What is CO2 laser microsurgery?
CO2 laser microsurgery is a type of surgery that uses a laser to remove cancerous tissue. It is a precise and minimally invasive procedure that preserves nearby healthy tissue.

2.3 What is the aim of the study?
The aim of the study is to estimate the long-term results of CO2 laser therapy in laryngeal cancer.

2.4 What are the findings of the study?
The study found that CO2 laser microsurgery is an effective treatment for early-stage laryngeal cancer (T1 and T2). The local recurrence rate was 19%, and four patients underwent total laryngectomy after several laser microsurgery. The study also found that the quality of voice improved following the first control examination.

2.5 What are the limitations of the study?
The study only included 36 patients, which may not be representative of the entire population of laryngeal cancer patients. Additionally, the study did not compare CO2 laser microsurgery to other treatments, such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy.

Section 3: Critical Thinking

3.1 Why is it important to understand research papers in oncology?
Understanding research papers in oncology is important because it allows us to stay up-to-date with the latest advancements in cancer treatment. This knowledge can help us make informed decisions about our healthcare and contribute to the development of new treatments.

3.2 How does CO2 laser microsurgery compare to other treatments for laryngeal cancer?
CO2 laser microsurgery is a minimally invasive procedure that preserves nearby healthy tissue. However, it may not be appropriate for all cases of laryngeal cancer. Other treatments, such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy, may be more effective for advanced-stage cancer or for patients who are not suitable candidates for surgery.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, understanding research papers in oncology, such as the study on laryngeal cancer treatment with CO2 laser microsurgery, is essential for staying informed about the latest advancements in cancer treatment. By reading and analyzing research papers, we can contribute to the development of new treatments and make informed decisions about our healthcare.


text: Sneakerhead definition. This page explains what the slang term "Sneaker sneakerhead is a person who owns a lot of sneakers, mostly for the purpose of collecting them instead of wearing them. The term is similar to the more common "gearhead" term, which refers to a person who is knowledgeable about mechanical objects, such as automobiles or computers.. Being a sneakerhead can be a very expensive hobby, with many shoes priced at several hundred dollars. However, it can also be very lucrative, with rare sneakers re-selling for thousands of dollars. Sneakerheads not only collect shoes, but they also have immense knowledge of sneaker history, which is acquired from their research into sneaker purchases.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Sneakerhead Culture

**Introduction:** In this lesson, we will learn about the culture of sneakerheads - people who are passionate about collecting sneakers. We will explore what makes them unique and how they differ from other shoe collectors. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the basics of sneakerhead culture and even identify some of its key features.

**Section 1: What is Sneakerhead Culture?**

Sneakerhead culture refers to a subculture of people who collect sneakers as a hobby. These individuals typically have a deep understanding of the history behind each shoe they collect and often spend large sums of money on rare or limited-edition sneakers.

**Section 2: Why do people become Sneakerheads?**

There are several reasons why someone might become a sneakerhead. Some people are drawn to the unique designs and styles of sneakers, while others appreciate the historical significance behind certain shoes. Additionally, some people enjoy the social aspect of sneakerhead culture, where they can connect with other collectors and trade or sell their shoes.

**Section 3: How do Sneakerheads differ from other shoe collectors?**

While both sneakerheads and other shoe collectors share a love for footwear, there are some key differences between the two groups. Sneakerheads tend to focus specifically on sneakers, whereas other shoe collectors may have a more diverse collection that includes dress shoes, boots, and other types of footwear. Additionally, sneakerheads often have an extensive knowledge of sneaker history and can identify specific details about certain shoes that other collectors may not notice.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

In this lesson, we have learned about the basics of sneakerhead culture - a subculture of people who are passionate about collecting sneakers. We explored what makes them unique and how they differ from other shoe collectors. By understanding the history and significance behind each shoe, sneakerheads can appreciate their collections in a way that goes beyond simple fashion. Whether you're interested in becoming a sneakerhead or simply want to learn more about this fascinating subculture, we hope that this lesson has been informative and enjoyable.


text: Central banks to ease policy rates further reports RBC. The immediate reaction to the co-ordinated central bank rate cut was cool, with global equity markets languishing and the cost of funding staying high. Persistent uncertainty kept investors focused on the safety of government bonds, resulting in interest rates on these securities remaining well below earlier forecasts.. The IMF, in its semi-annual outlook, aggressively cut back the forecast for world GDP growth in 2009 to 3% from 3.9%, highlighting that "the downturn in the advanced economies is continuing to deepen". The prospect of a lengthy and widespread economic downturn will likely prompt global central banks to shift policy rates to more stimulative levels and we look for most major economies we follow to lower policy rates

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Macroeconomics

### Section 1: What is Macroeconomics?
Macroeconomics is the study of the economy as a whole. It looks at how the economy works, how it grows, and how it affects people's lives. It helps us understand how different parts of the economy are connected and how they interact with each other.

### Section 2: The Basics of Macroeconomics
Macroeconomics is divided into two main areas: microeconomics and macroeconomics. Microeconomics studies how individual households and businesses make decisions based on their own needs and wants. Macroeconomics, on the other hand, looks at how the economy as a whole works, including things like inflation, unemployment, and economic growth.

### Section 3: Understanding the Economic Cycle
The economy goes through cycles, just like the weather does. These cycles are called the business cycle or the economic cycle. There are four main stages of the economic cycle: expansion, peak, contraction, and trough.

During an expansion stage, the economy is growing and people are generally happy with their lives. However, during the contraction stage, the economy slows down and people may start to worry about their jobs and finances. The trough is when things get really bad, and the peak is when things are at their best.

### Section 4: The Role of Central Banks
Central banks play an important role in managing the economy. They help keep inflation under control by setting interest rates. When interest rates are low, it's easier for people to borrow money, which can lead to more spending and economic growth. But if inflation gets too high, central banks may raise interest rates to make borrowing more expensive.

### Section 5: How Governments Can Help
Governments can also help manage the economy by using fiscal policy. This means they can spend more money on things like infrastructure projects or tax cuts to stimulate the economy. They can also use monetary policy, which involves changing things like interest rates or the money supply to influence the economy.

### Glossary:
- Business cycle: A cycle that represents the ups and downs of the economy over time.
- Contraction: A stage of the economic cycle when the economy is shrinking and people are losing their jobs.
- Expansion: A stage of the economic cycle when the economy is growing and people are generally happy with their lives.
- Peak: The highest point of the business cycle, when the economy is at its strongest.
- Trough: The lowest point of the business cycle, when the economy is at its weakest.
- Central bank: A government institution that manages the country's money supply and sets interest rates.
- Fiscal policy: Government actions that involve changing how much money is spent or taken in through taxes to influence the economy.
- Monetary policy: Changes made by central banks to interest rates or the money supply to influence the economy.

### Conclusion:
Understanding macroeconomics can help us make sense of the world around us. By studying how the economy works, we can better understand why things happen the way they do and how we might be able to improve our own lives.


text: [0.9.20] SafeShot (insurance shot by an ally). A very useful mod that will help you not to get in the ban, for what you have accidentally killed or wounded ally. Modification adapted to the patch World of Tanks. Author mode: Skino88. Mod does not allow shooting at allies and protects you from unwanted fines. Mod «SafeShot» will not give you the possibility to shoot at each other on the pitch.. Hot to install:. Folder from the downloaded archive to put in \World_of_Tanks\res_mods\0.9.20. 5 thoughts on “[0.9.20] SafeShot (insurance shot by an ally)”. Safe-Shot-09151-ENG. This is full russian. mistakenly activated in water. Open file with Notpad and change line with new massage on any language you want,save and done!. Downloaded, installed, still shot an ally during test. Does not work.. The messages are in RU. I suggest to use English in a game of international player base if the message should have any impact.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Mods in World of Tanks

### Overview
In this lesson, we will learn about mods in World of Tanks. We will explore what mods are, how they work, and how they can enhance our gaming experience. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the basics of modding and how to install and use mods in World of Tanks.

### Section 1: What are Mods?
Mods, short for modifications, are changes made to a game's code or data to alter its behavior or appearance. They can add new features, improve existing ones, or fix bugs in the game. Mods are created by players and communities who share their work with others for free.

### Section 2: How do Mods Work?
Mods work by changing the game's code or data, which allows players to customize their gaming experience. There are different types of mods, such as graphical mods, which change the way the game looks, and gameplay mods, which change the way the game plays. Some mods require technical knowledge to install, while others are easy to use and can be installed with just a few clicks.

### Section 3: Benefits of Mods
Mods can enhance our gaming experience by adding new features, improving existing ones, or fixing bugs in the game. They can also make the game more challenging or easier to play, depending on the type of mod. Additionally, mods are free, so players can enjoy them without spending any money.

### Section 4: Installing and Using Mods
To install and use mods in World of Tanks, follow these steps:
1. Download the mod file from a trusted source.
2. Extract the file using a program like WinRAR or 7-Zip.
3. Open the extracted folder and look for the "mods" folder.
4. Copy the "mods" folder to your World of Tanks directory, usually located in C:\Program Files\World of Tanks.
5. Start the game and enable the mod in the settings menu.

### Section 5: Conclusion
In conclusion, mods are a great way to enhance our gaming experience in World of Tanks. By installing and using mods, we can customize the game to our liking and enjoy new features, improved gameplay, and bug fixes. With this lesson, you now know the basics of modding and how to install and use mods in World of Tanks.


text:
CONNECT WITH US

Horoscopes 1/17/14

This year you can expect Mars to enter your house of friendship with a strong presence. When Jupiter enters Leo in July, expect to break your usual routine and travel somewhere new. There is change and adventure on the horizons.

Taurus(4/20-5/20)

This is going to be a year of change, improvements and fresh starts. It is time to release any excess frustration, anger or grudges you have from 2013 so that you can seize 2014 with renewed energy.

Gemini(5/21-6/21)

The craziness of 2013 left many loose ends for you. The third new moon of the year will bring some answers. You will experience stronger commitments, a more serious career path and welcome stability this year.

Cancer(6/22-7/22)

The universe is looking at your career and family this year, Cancer. You will thrive in the work you attempt. Your ties to family will strengthen as Mars enters your home sector. It is a good time to express gratitude for those you care for.

Leo(7/23-8/22)

The beginning of the year for you, Leo, is all about romance and fun. Enjoy the reprieve, but get ready to gear up for the second half of the year. The Sun and Mercury will put a strain on you, and work may seem extra challenging.

Virgo(8/23-9/22)

Last year may have ended with unexpected financial strain, but with Jupiter and Saturn cooperating at the beginning of the year, you will become financially stable once more. Approach this year with drive but be practical about the future.

Libra(9/23-10/22)

You may find yourself needing to be extra flexible and patient this year. Focus on your personal goals, and maybe travel to add some spontaneous energy to your year. Plans are good, but change is natural.

Scorpio(10/23-11/21)

Jupiter will set you up with good fortune early on this year, and you may find your negotiating power to be unexpectedly high. Keep your eyes and heart open to new things this year. Luck will come where you least expect it.

Sagittarius(11/22-12/21)

Positive energy will flow through you this year, and it will lead you to greater happiness and success. When Saturn enters Leo around July, a search you have been on for an extended time will end triumphantly.

Capricorn(12/22-1/19)

This year you can expect to be focused and driven, especially when it comes to academics or career goals. Mars will enter your house for fame and honors at the beginning of the month to set you up on a successful path during the year.

Aquarius(1/20-2/18)

You have been critical of yourself lately, Aquarius. This year, Mars will enter your house of gratitude, and you will feel relieved of self-induced pressure. Self-appreciation will help in countless ways.

Pisces(2/19-3/20)

You have a lot on your mind today, and you may want to say it all. Keep in mind that you might not see eye-to-eye with everyone right now, and if your words get misinterpreted, you could run into problems.

textbook:
Title: Understanding Horoscopes

Introduction:
Horoscopes are a form of astrology that provides insights into people's lives based on their birth dates and times. They are used to predict future events, provide guidance, and offer insights into personality traits. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of horoscopes, including the zodiac signs, planets, and houses. We will also explore how to read a horoscope and interpret its meaning.

Section 1: The Basics of Horoscopes

**Zodiac Signs**

The zodiac is a belt of the sky that extends about 8° north or south of the ecliptic, representing the apparent path of the sun across the celestial sphere. There are 12 zodiac signs, each corresponding to a specific period of time. These signs are Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces.

**Planets**

In astrology, planets represent different aspects of our personalities and lives. The planets include the Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. Each planet has its own set of meanings and influences.

**Houses**

The houses in a horoscope represent different areas of life, such as finances, relationships, career, health, and travel. There are 12 houses in a horoscope, each corresponding to a specific area of life.

Section 2: Reading a Horoscope

To read a horoscope, you need to know your birth date and time. Once you have this information, you can find your sun sign, moon sign, and ascendant. These signs provide insight into your personality, emotions, and outer appearance.

When reading a horoscope, pay attention to the planets and their positions. The positions of the planets can affect different areas of your life, such as finances, relationships, and career.

Interpreting a Horoscope:

1. Look for keywords that relate to your life.
2. Consider the aspect of the planets and how they interact with each other.
3. Pay attention to the houses and how they relate to your life.
4. Take note of any transits or aspects that may affect your life in the near future.

Section 3: Applying Horoscope Skills

Now that you understand the basics of horoscopes, you can apply these skills to your daily life. Here are some ways to use your horoscope knowledge:

1. Use your horoscope to gain insight into your personality and life areas.
2. Use your horoscope to make decisions and plan for the future.
3. Use your horoscope to understand other people's personalities and behaviors.
4. Use your horoscope to improve your relationships and communication with others.

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned about the basics of horoscopes, including the zodiac signs, planets, and houses. We also explored how to read a horoscope and interpret its meaning. By understanding the basics of horoscopes, we can apply these skills to our daily lives and gain insight into ourselves and others.


text: San Salvador Things to Do, Sights, Attractions, and Activities. Looking for fun things to do in San Salvador, El Salvador? Browse San Salvador sights, activities, and tourist attractions ranked by fellow travelers. Read reviews of the top things to do and see in San Salvador. You may also write your own review of what to do in San Salvador.. #1 of 1 things to do in San Salvador. San Salvador Things to do Map. Sponsored Links. San Salvador Hotels. Hotels in San Salvador

textbook:
Title: Fun Things to Do in San Salvador
Level: Primary School

### Section 1: Introduction
San Salvador is the capital city of El Salvador, a small country in Central America. It is a vibrant city with lots of interesting things to do and see. In this lesson, we will learn about some of the top tourist attractions in San Salvador.

### Section 2: Top Tourist Attractions in San Salvador
1. National Palace: The National Palace is a beautiful building located in the heart of San Salvador. It is the official residence of the President of El Salvador. Visitors can take a guided tour of the palace and see the beautiful architecture and artwork.

2. Cuscatlan Park: Cuscatlan Park is a large park located on the outskirts of San Salvador. It is a great place to relax and enjoy nature. Visitors can hike, bike, or picnic in the park. There are also several museums and galleries in the park that showcase the history and culture of El Salvador.

3. Metropolitan Cathedral: The Metropolitan Cathedral is a beautiful church located in the center of San Salvador. It is one of the most important religious buildings in El Salvador. Visitors can attend a service or take a guided tour of the cathedral to learn about its history and architecture.

4. San Salvador Volcano: The San Salvador Volcano is an active volcano that overlooks the city of San Salvador. Visitors can hike to the top of the volcano and enjoy the stunning views of the city and the surrounding countryside.

5. Lake Coatepeque: Lake Coatepeque is a beautiful lake located near San Salvador. Visitors can swim, kayak, or fish in the lake. There are also several restaurants and cafes located along the lake that serve delicious local food.

### Section 3: Conclusion
In conclusion, San Salvador is a vibrant city with lots of interesting things to do and see. From visiting the National Palace to hiking the San Salvador Volcano, there is something for everyone in San Salvador. By exploring the city and learning about its history and culture, visitors can gain a deeper appreciation for this amazing destination.


text: .”. The project includes the replacement of the bridge on Highway 40 that crosses Lac qui Parle Lake, known as the Milan Bridge, which is located three miles west of Milan. The project also includes pedestrian access improvements. Historical elements will be incorporated into the new bridge through the use of iron railing on both sides of the bridge. Stonework will be hand placed to closely match the original construction done by the Works Progress Administration in 1939.. Visit mndot.gov/d8/projects/hwy40-bridge-milan regularly for project updates and photographs.. ###

textbook:
Lesson: How to Build a Bridge

Introduction:
A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles, such as bodies of water, valleys, or roads, without closing the way underneath. In this lesson, we will learn about the process of building a bridge, from planning to construction.

Section 1: Planning

1. What is the first step in building a bridge?
The first step in building a bridge is planning. This involves identifying the need for a bridge, determining its location, and designing the structure.

2. Why is it important to incorporate historical elements into a new bridge?
Incorporating historical elements into a new bridge helps preserve the history and culture of the area where the bridge is being built. It also adds beauty and character to the structure.

3. What is stonework, and why is it important in bridge construction?
Stonework refers to the process of laying stones together to create a structure. It is important in bridge construction because it provides strength and durability to the structure.

Section 2: Design and Construction

4. What are the different types of bridges?
There are several types of bridges, including beam bridges, arch bridges, truss bridges, suspension bridges, and cable-stayed bridges. Each type has its own unique design and construction process.

5. How do engineers ensure that a bridge can withstand the weight of vehicles and other loads?
Engineers use a variety of techniques to ensure that a bridge can withstand the weight of vehicles and other loads. These techniques include calculating the load-carrying capacity of the structure, designing the bridge with sufficient strength and stiffness, and using materials that are strong and durable.

6. What is the role of safety during bridge construction?
Safety is a top priority during bridge construction. Workers must follow safety procedures and use protective equipment to prevent accidents. Additionally, engineers design the structure to be safe for both workers and the public.

Section 3: Maintenance

7. Why is regular maintenance important for bridges?
Regular maintenance is important for bridges because it helps prevent damage, prolongs the life of the structure, and ensures that it remains safe for use.

8. What are some common maintenance tasks for bridges?
Some common maintenance tasks for bridges include cleaning, painting, and repairing damaged surfaces. Additionally, engineers may inspect the structure periodically to identify any potential issues and address them before they become serious.

Conclusion:
Building a bridge is a complex process that requires careful planning, design, and construction. By understanding the steps involved in bridge building, we can appreciate the importance of these structures in our communities and the efforts of the engineers and workers who build them.


text: Consistency Counts!. Sponsored by: Xerox. Speakers: Jason O’leary, Color Analyst, Merrill Corp.; Stephanie Pieruccini, Consultant, U.S. Production Workflow and Customized Communications, InfoTrends. This is the first webinar in the three-part "Managing Color with Confidence" series.. Without color management, your print quality will vary greatly. This can lead to dissatisfied customers, frustrated operators, wasted time and materials, and potentially lost business. Service providers must emulate a range of industry standards such as GRACoL and FOGRA to accurately match colors, from job to job, shift to shift, and press to press. The result is the ability to delight your customers and produce more jobs every day. This Webinar will explore how successful service providers are implementing the right tools to deliver consistent color.

textbook:
Lesson: Consistency in Color Management

Introduction:
Color management is an essential part of the printing process. It involves controlling the color output of a printer or other image producing device to achieve consistent results across various media and environments. Consistency in color management is crucial for maintaining brand identity, customer satisfaction, and profitability. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of consistency in color management, the industry standards for color matching, and the tools required to deliver consistent color.

Section 1: Importance of Consistency in Color Management

Topic 1: Brand Identity
Brand identity is the visual representation of a company's values, products, and services. Consistent color management helps maintain brand identity by ensuring that all printed materials, including marketing collateral, packaging, and product labels, have the same color scheme, font, and style. This creates a unified brand image that customers associate with the company, leading to increased brand recognition and customer loyalty.

Topic 2: Customer Satisfaction
Customers expect consistent color quality in all printed materials they receive from a company. Inconsistent color can lead to confusion, frustration, and even rejection of the product or service. Consistent color management ensures that all printed materials meet the customer's expectations, leading to higher satisfaction rates and increased customer loyalty.

Topic 3: Profitability
Inconsistent color can lead to wasted materials, time, and resources. It can also result in lost business opportunities due to unsatisfied customers. Consistent color management reduces waste, increases efficiency, and minimizes errors, leading to higher profitability.

Section 2: Industry Standards for Color Matching

Topic 1: GRACoL
GRACoL (Generic Requirements for Applications in Commercial Offset Lithography) is an international standard for color management in commercial printing. It provides guidelines for achieving consistent color across different printing processes, substrates, and environments. GRACoL includes specifications for color measurement, color management, and quality control, ensuring that printed materials meet industry standards for color accuracy.

Topic 2: FOGRA
FOGRA (Forschungsgesellschaft Druck und Graphische Betriebe e.V.) is a German association that develops standards and guidelines for the printing industry. FOGRA provides specifications for color management, including ISO 12647-2:2013 (Process Control for the Graphics Arts), which outlines best practices for achieving consistent color in commercial printing.

Section 3: Tools for Delivering Consistent Color

Topic 1: Color Management Software
Color management software is used to control and optimize color output across different devices and media. It includes features such as color profiling, color correction, and ICC (International Color Consortium) profiling, which help ensure consistent color across all printed materials.

Topic 2: Spectrophotometers
Spectrophotometers are instruments used to measure color accuracy. They use light sensors to determine the color of an object and compare it to a reference standard. Spectrophotometers are essential for achieving consistent color in commercial printing, as they provide objective measurements of color accuracy.

Topic 3: Quality Control Processes
Quality control processes ensure that all printed materials meet industry standards for color accuracy. These processes may include color matching, proofing, and inspection, and should be integrated into the production workflow to maintain consistent color throughout the printing process.

Conclusion:
Consistent color management is essential for maintaining brand identity, customer satisfaction, and profitability. Industry standards such as GRACoL and FOGRA provide guidelines for achieving consistent color, while tools like color management software, spectrophotometers, and quality control processes help deliver consistent color across all printed materials. By implementing these strategies, service providers can delight their customers, produce more jobs, and grow their businesses.

Glossary:
- Color management: The process of controlling and optimizing color output across different devices and media.
- GRACoL: An international standard for color management in commercial printing.
- FOGRA: A German association that develops standards and guidelines for the printing industry.
- Spectrophotometer: An instrument used to measure color accuracy.
- ICC profiling: A feature of color management software that creates a custom profile for each device, media, and environment, ensuring consistent color output.


text: product description page. Rover 2018 Calendar (Paperback). about this item. Capturing the perfect expression to portray the unique personality of a dog takes some luck, an ability to compose an image quickly, creativity and a lot of patience.. In Rover 2018, photographer Andrew Grant, author of the acclaimed book, rover, has captured the irresistible appeal of twelve of our best friends. Looking ready to jump off the page and into your arms, what dog lover can resist.. Learn how Andrew Grant's images of our best friends have raised over $1.5 million for pet rescues at RoverWorks.org.. Genre: Pets. Format: Paperback. Publisher: Firefly Books Ltd. Language: English. Street Date: June 2, 2017. TCIN: 52746209. UPC: 9781770859104. Item Number (DPCI): 248-47-4089. guest reviews. Prices, promotions, styles and availability may vary by store & online. See our price match guarantee. See how a store is chosen for you.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand Product Descriptions
Introduction:
Product descriptions are essential when buying products online. They provide information about the product's features, benefits, and specifications. Reading and understanding product descriptions can help you make informed purchasing decisions. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand product descriptions.
Section 1: Understanding Product Descriptions
Topic 1: Types of Product Descriptions
Product descriptions come in different formats, such as bullet points, paragraphs, or videos. Some descriptions are straightforward, while others are more detailed and technical. Learning how to read different types of product descriptions can help you understand the product better.
Topic 2: Key Elements of a Product Description
Some key elements to look for in a product description include the product name, brand, model number, size, color, material, and weight. These elements provide essential information about the product and its specifications.
Topic 3: Reading Technical Terms
Product descriptions often contain technical terms that may be difficult to understand. It is essential to research these terms to ensure you understand their meaning.
Section 2: Analyzing Product Features and Benefits
Topic 1: Identifying Features and Benefits
Features refer to the technical specifications of a product, while benefits describe how the product will improve your life or solve a problem. Reading both features and benefits can help you determine if the product is right for you.
Topic 2: Comparing Products
Once you have identified the features and benefits of a product, you can compare them to other products to determine which one is the best fit for your needs.
Section 3: Evaluating Product Reviews
Topic 1: Reading Product Reviews
Product reviews provide valuable insights into the product's performance, quality, and user experience. Reading reviews can help you identify potential issues or concerns with the product.
Topic 2: Evaluating Reviewers' Experience and Credibility
Not all reviews are created equal. It is essential to evaluate the reviewer's experience and credibility to determine if their review is trustworthy.
Conclusion:
Reading and understanding product descriptions can help you make informed purchasing decisions. By learning how to read different types of product descriptions, understand technical terms, analyze features and benefits, and evaluate product reviews, you can determine if a product is right for you.
Glossary:
- Product description: A written or visual explanation of a product's features, benefits, and specifications.
- Technical terms: Complex words or phrases that require specialized knowledge to understand.
- Features: The technical specifications of a product.
- Benefits: How the product will improve your life or solve a problem.
- Product reviews: Comments or feedback from customers who have purchased and used the product.


text:
Cinacalcet hydrochloride is an effective treatment for secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with CKD not receiving dialysis.
Secondary hyperparathyroidism develops early in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Clinical guidelines from the National Kidney Foundation-Kidney/Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative emphasize the need to control parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, and phosphorus levels in patients with CKD not receiving dialysis to reduce poor outcomes. This phase 2 study evaluated the effects of the oral calcimimetic cinacalcet hydrochloride in patients with CKD not on dialysis therapy. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 18-week study enrolled adults with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 15 to 50 mL/min/1.73 m2 (0.25 to 0.83 mL/s/1.73 m2) and an intact PTH (iPTH) level greater than 130 pg/mL (ng/L). Cinacalcet (or placebo) was titrated from 30 to 180 mg once daily to obtain a 30% or greater reduction in iPTH levels from baseline. Baseline mean iPTH levels were 243 pg/mL (ng/L) in the cinacalcet group (n = 27) and 236 pg/mL (ng/L) in the control group (n = 27). At baseline, 28% of subjects were being administered vitamin D sterols and 43% were being administered phosphate binders or calcium supplements. The addition of cinacalcet significantly decreased iPTH concentrations compared with controls during the efficacy-assessment phase: 56% versus 19% of subjects achieved a 30% or greater reduction in iPTH levels (P = 0.006), and mean iPTH levels decreased by 32% in the cinacalcet group, but increased by 6% in the control group (P < 0.001). Mean serum calcium and phosphorus levels remained within normal range throughout the study. Cinacalcet generally was well tolerated; the most frequent adverse events were gastrointestinal. This preliminary study provides evidence that cinacalcet is efficacious for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in subjects with CKD not receiving dialysis.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Calcimimetics

### Overview
In this lesson, we will learn about calcimimetics, a class of drugs used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who are not on dialysis. We will explore the mechanism of action, clinical guidelines, and the effects of cinacalcet hydrochloride, an example of a calcimimetic drug.

### Section 1: Mechanism of Action
Calcimimetics are a class of drugs that work by inhibiting the activity of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) on the surface of parathyroid cells. The CaSR is responsible for detecting blood calcium levels and regulating the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response. By inhibiting the CaSR, calcimimetics reduce the secretion of PTH, which in turn lowers blood calcium levels and phosphorus levels.

### Section 2: Clinical Guidelines
The National Kidney Foundation-Kidney/Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF-KDOQI) guidelines recommend controlling PTH, calcium, and phosphorus levels in patients with CKD not receiving dialysis to reduce poor outcomes such as cardiovascular disease, fractures, and kidney complications. Calcimimetics are one option for achieving these goals.

### Section 3: Effects of Cinacalcet Hydrochloride
A phase 2 study evaluated the effects of cinacalcet hydrochloride, an oral calcimimetic, in patients with CKD not on dialysis therapy. The study showed that cinacalcet significantly reduced serum PTH levels and increased serum calcium levels compared to placebo. Additionally, there were no significant differences in adverse events between the cinacalcet and placebo groups.

### Section 4: Conclusion
In conclusion, calcimimetics like cinacalcet hydrochloride are effective in treating secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with CKD not receiving dialysis. By inhibiting the calcium-sensing receptor and reducing PTH secretion, calcimimetics help control calcium and phosphorus levels, reducing the risk of poor outcomes associated with CKD. As with any medication, it is essential to carefully monitor patients on calcimimetics for potential side effects and adjust doses accordingly.


text: FSCheckride is a brand-new concept in desktop aviation that allows users to create and run professional, feature-rich, interactive examinations using Microsoft Flight Simulator 2004 or FSX as the platform.. Whether you fly for real or fly a computer, the core idea behind FSCheckride is that the best way to learn (or refresh) your understanding of aviation regulations, laws and concepts is through studying and doing exam questions.

textbook:
# Lesson: Using Microsoft Flight Simulator 2004 or FSX for Aviation Examinations

## Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about using Microsoft Flight Simulator 2004 or FSX as a platform for creating and running professional, interactive aviation examinations. This concept, known as FSCheckride, is designed to help pilots of all levels improve their knowledge and understanding of aviation regulations, laws, and concepts.

## Section 1: Understanding FSCheckride

### Topic 1: What is FSCheckride?
FSCheckride is a software application that allows users to create and run professional, interactive examinations using Microsoft Flight Simulator 2004 or FSX as the platform. It is designed specifically for aviation enthusiasts who want to improve their knowledge and understanding of aviation regulations, laws, and concepts.

### Topic 2: Why use FSCheckride?
Using FSCheckride has several benefits. Firstly, it provides a fun and interactive way to study aviation-related topics. Secondly, it helps pilots of all levels to stay up-to-date with the latest regulations and laws. Finally, it allows users to test their knowledge and understanding of aviation concepts in a safe and controlled environment.

## Section 2: Creating Examinations with FSCheckride

### Topic 1: How do I create an examination with FSCheckride?
To create an examination with FSCheckride, you will need to follow these steps:
1. Open the FSCheckride application.
2. Select the aircraft and airport you want to use for the examination.
3. Define the scenario for the examination.
4. Create the questions for the examination.
5. Set the passing score for the examination.
6. Preview the examination to ensure it meets your requirements.
7. Run the examination.

### Topic 2: How do I create questions for my examination?
Creating questions for your examination involves selecting the appropriate type of question and writing the question text. FSCheckride provides a variety of question types, including multiple-choice, true/false, and fill-in-the-blank. When writing the question text, make sure it is clear and concise, and that the answer options are relevant and accurate.

## Section 3: Taking Examinations with FSCheckride

### Topic 1: How do I take an examination with FSCheckride?
To take an examination with FSCheckride, you will need to follow these steps:
1. Open the FSCheckride application.
2. Select the aircraft and airport you want to use for the examination.
3. Load the saved examination file.
4. Answer the questions in the examination.
5. Review your results at the end of the examination.

### Topic 2: How do I prepare for an examination with FSCheckride?
Preparing for an examination with FSCheckride involves studying the relevant aviation regulations, laws, and concepts. You can use various resources, such as textbooks, online articles, and videos, to help you understand the material. Additionally, you can practice answering sample questions to test your knowledge and understanding.

## Glossary
- **Aircraft**: A machine that is designed to fly, typically powered by aircraft engines and propellers or jet engines.
- **Airport**: A location where aircraft take off and land, typically equipped with runways, taxiways, and other facilities for the storage, maintenance, and refueling of aircraft.
- **Regulations**: Rules or laws that must be followed by aviation professionals and organizations.
- **Laws**: Rules or principles that govern the legal relationships between individuals and social groups and that are implemented by governmental institutions.
- **Concepts**: Ideas or theories that explain the fundamental principles of a subject.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we have learned about FSCheckride, a software application that allows users to create and run professional, interactive aviation examinations using Microsoft Flight Simulator 2004 or FSX as the platform. We have covered topics such as what FSCheckride is, why use it, how to create and take examinations, and how to prepare for them. By applying the concepts learned in this lesson, you can improve your knowledge and understanding of aviation regulations, laws, and concepts, and test your knowledge in a safe and controlled environment.


text: They’re used for non-load bearing wall masonry items. Fields indicating power units and drivers will contain some numbers. Because you’ll be able to customise the design of your kitchen, you can make sure that that every equipment and every section of your kitchen will communicate so much of your want of family togetherness. When you […]READ MORE. Professionals will make sure that your entire unused objects will have a place to be stored up to years. You can also make your own wonderful creations with consistency. Using white colour cabinetry in any of the kinds talked about can accomplish a design which is timeless and stay trendy for years to come. The […]READ MORE. © 2018 Grupo Vítor Cerqueira. Todos os Direitos Reservados.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Basic Mathematics

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

In this lesson, we will learn about basic mathematical concepts such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. These are essential skills that will help us solve various problems in our daily lives.

**Question:** What are the four basic mathematical operations?
**Answer:** Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

Now let's look at some practical examples to understand how these operations work.

**Example 1:** If you have 5 apples and your friend gives you 3 more, how many apples do you have in total?
**Solution:** To find out, you need to add the number of apples you already have (5) and the number of apples your friend gave you (3). This can be represented mathematically as 5 + 3 = 8. So, you have a total of 8 apples.

**Example 2:** If you have 4 packets of chocolates, each containing 5 chocolates, how many chocolates do you have in total?
**Solution:** To find out, you need to multiply the number of packets (4) by the number of chocolates in each packet (5). This can be represented mathematically as 4 x 5 = 20. So, you have a total of 20 chocolates.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

Now let's look at some real-world scenarios where these mathematical operations can be applied.

**Scenario 1:** If you have 2 liters of milk and you need to make a dish that requires 3 liters of milk, how can you make it?
**Solution:** To make the dish, you need to add more milk to the 2 liters you already have. You can do this by adding 1 liter of milk (1 + 2 = 3). So, you will have 3 liters of milk in total.

**Scenario 2:** If you have 3 kg of rice and you need to cook enough rice for 5 people, how much rice do you need to cook?
**Solution:** To cook enough rice for 5 people, you need to multiply the weight of rice (3 kg) by the number of people (5). This can be represented mathematically as 3 x 5 = 15 kg. So, you need to cook 15 kg of rice.

## Glossary

- Addition: The mathematical operation that involves adding two or more numbers together.
- Subtraction: The mathematical operation that involves taking one number away from another number.
- Multiplication: The mathematical operation that involves multiplying two or more numbers together.
- Division: The mathematical operation that involves dividing one number by another number.

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the four basic mathematical operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. We also looked at practical examples and real-world scenarios to understand how these operations work. By mastering these concepts, we can solve various problems in our daily lives.


text:
Q:

Vertically un-flatten table using SQL

My subject line is probably not the best, but here's what I'm trying to do:
I have a table with start and end times:
Event   Start     End
-------------------------
event1  2:30 PM   3:00 PM
event2  3:05 PM   3:30 PM
event3  2:45 PM   3:10 PM

I want to write a SQL command (in Oracle) which will result in:
Event   Type    Time
-------------------------
event1  START   2:30 PM
event3  START   2:45 PM
event1  END     3:00 PM
event2  START   3:05 PM
event3  END     3:10 PM
event2  END     3:30 PM

Basically, I need to order the times and know the event it's for and whether it's the start or end time.  I have a feeling this can be accomplished with some fancy SQL, but I'm having trouble thinking of how to do it.
Thanks!

A:

Nothing fancy but a simple UNION would suffice
SELECT Event, 'START', Start AS Time
FROM   ATable
UNION ALL
SELECT Event, 'END', End AS Time
FROM   ATable
ORDER BY
       Time

If you like to get a bit more fancy, UNPIVOT is another option
SELECT  Event, Type, Time
FROM    ATable
UNPIVOT (Time FOR Type IN (Start, [End])) AS unpvt
ORDER BY
        Time

textbook:
Lesson: How to Vertically Un-Flatten a Table Using SQL

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to vertically un-flatten a table using SQL. We will start by understanding what a flattened table is and why we would want to un-flatten it. Then, we will explore the steps involved in un-flattening a table and practice with an example. Finally, we will summarize our learning and discuss the importance of vertical un-flattening in data analysis.

What is a Flattened Table?
A flattened table is a table that has been converted from its original multi-dimensional form into a single-dimensional form. This is often done to make it easier to work with the data in a spreadsheet or other software. However, sometimes we may need to return the table to its original multi-dimensional form, which is where vertical un-flattening comes in.

Why Vertical Un-Flatten a Table?
Vertical un-flattening is useful when we need to analyze data at different levels of granularity. For example, if we have a table that contains information about employees and their salaries, we may want to analyze the data at the employee level and also at the department level. By un-flattening the table, we can create separate tables for each level of granularity, making it easier to analyze the data.

Steps Involved in Vertical Un-Flattening a Table
1. Identify the key columns that will be used to un-flatten the table. These are the columns that will be used to group the data.
2. Use the GROUP BY clause to group the data by the key columns.
3. Use the MAX, MIN, or AVG functions to aggregate the data based on the key columns.
4. Use the PIVOT or UNPI functions to reshape the data into the desired form.

Example
Let's say we have a table that contains information about employees and their salaries. We want to un-flatten the table to create separate tables for each department. Here's an example query:

```
SELECT department, MAX(salary) AS max_salary
FROM employees
GROUP BY department
UNPIVOT (max_salary FOR salary IN (MAX(salary)))
```

This query will create a table that shows the maximum salary for each department. We can modify the query to show other types of aggregated data as well.

Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned what a flattened table is and why we would want to un-flatten it. We explored the steps involved in vertical un-flattening a table and practiced with an example. We also discussed the importance of vertical un-flattening in data analysis. By following these steps, we can easily un-flatten a table and create separate tables for each level of granularity, making it easier to analyze the data.


text:
Priest death is still a mystery

The death of a parish priest whose body was found below a ladder in his church still remains unsolved four months later.

Fr John Cribben, 76, is believed to have been dusting an arch with a vacuum cleaner when he fell 30 feet. It is thought he lay there all night before a parishioner found him the following morning.

But an investigation into exactly what happened is still continuing and no date has yet been fixed for an inquest.

An internal flat roof above the entrance hall at Our Lady and St Patrick’s RC Church in Walton-le-Dale is still cordoned off as a potential hazard by safety experts from South Ribble Council.

A spokesman for the authority explained: “We have served a prohibition notice on the Diocese of Salford which stipulates a number of things including no-one has to go on that flat roof.

“We postponed our investigation until the police completed theirs. Now they have finished, we have resumed our inquiries.”

It appears Fr Cribben was using a large stepladder on top of the flat roof when he fell down into the main part of the church.

It is believed the roof, which covers a large entrance area and sits in front of the upstairs choir pews and organ, was not intended for standing on.

Days before his death in January the priest told friends he was doing the cleaning work at his church because he felt industrial contractors were too expensive.

A police spokesman said: “We have conducted our enquiries and this was deemed to be a non-suspicious death. A file has been passed to the coroner.”

Fr Cribben had left instructions for a “simple” funeral. But the service, conducted by the Bishop of Salford, brought traffic to a standstill and attracted more than 70 clergy and hundreds of mourners.

textbook:
Lesson: How to use a stepladder safely

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to use a stepladder safely. Stepladders are commonly used in households and workplaces to reach high areas or perform tasks that require elevation. However, improper use of a stepladder can lead to accidents and injuries. Therefore, it is essential to understand the proper techniques for using a stepladder.

Section 1: Importance of Using a Stepladder Safely

Topic 1: Why is it crucial to use a stepladder safely?
Answer: Using a stepladder safely is crucial because it prevents accidents and injuries. Improper use of a stepladder can lead to falls, broken bones, and even death. By understanding and following the proper techniques for using a stepladder, you can minimize the risk of accidents and ensure your safety.

Topic 2: What are the common mistakes people make when using a stepladder?
Answer: Some common mistakes people make when using a stepladder include:
1. Failing to check the stability of the ladder before use
2. Overreaching or leaning too far while on the ladder
3. Placing the ladder on an uneven surface
4. Failing to maintain three points of contact while climbing the ladder
5. Ignoring the weight limit of the ladder

Section 2: Proper Techniques for Using a Stepladder

Topic 1: How do you select the right size of stepladder?
Answer: To select the right size of stepladder, consider the height you need to reach and the weight of the person using the ladder. You should choose a ladder that is long enough to reach the highest point you need to access without overreaching and that can support your weight.

Topic 2: How do you set up the stepladder correctly?
Answer: To set up the stepladder correctly, follow these steps:
1. Choose a stable and level surface to place the ladder.
2. Ensure the ladder is fully open if it is an extension ladder.
3. Position the ladder so that it reaches the highest point you need to access without overreaching.
4. Place the base of the ladder on a solid, flat surface, and spread the legs apart for stability.
5. Make sure the ladder is clean and free of any debris that could cause slipping.

Topic 3: How do you use the stepladder safely?
Answer: To use the stepladder safely, follow these tips:
1. Always maintain three points of contact while climbing the ladder (two hands and one foot or two feet and one hand).
2. Climb the ladder facing it, using the handrails for support.
3. Do not climb on the top two rungs of the ladder.
4. Keep the ladder stable by avoiding any movement or rocking.
5. Do not climb the ladder if it is damaged or unsafe.

Section 3: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios

Topic 1: How do you use a stepladder to change a light bulb in a ceiling fixture?
Answer: To use a stepladder to change a light bulb in a ceiling fixture, follow these steps:
1. Set up the stepladder on a stable and level surface.
2. Position the ladder so that it reaches the ceiling fixture without overreaching.
3. Climb the ladder facing it, using the handrails for support.
4. Use a small step stool or a folding chair to stand on while reaching for the light bulb.
5. Replace the light bulb while maintaining three points of contact on the ladder.

Topic 2: How do you use a stepladder to paint a ceiling?
Answer: To use a stepladder to paint a ceiling, follow these steps:
1. Set up the stepladder on a stable and level surface.
2. Position the ladder so that it reaches the ceiling without overreaching.
3. Climb the ladder facing it, using the handrails for support.
4. Use a small step stool or a folding chair to stand on while painting the ceiling.
5. Maintain three points of contact on the ladder at all times.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, using a stepladder safely is essential to prevent accidents and injuries. By following the proper techniques for selecting, setting up, and using a stepladder, you can minimize the risk of accidents and ensure your safety. Remember to always maintain three points of contact while climbing the ladder, and never climb on the top two rungs. By practicing these techniques, you can use a stepladder safely and effectively in various scenarios.


text: Johnny Knoxville to Play ‘Moe’. It was rumored a long time ago, and now it looks like Jackass star Johnny Knoxville is one step closer to playing “Moe” in the new Three Stooges movie. Other actors up to portray one of the three dudes include Benicio del Toro, Sean Penn and Jim Carrey. The flick is going to be directed by the Farrelly Brothers.

textbook:
Core Value:
The core value of this paragraph is that Johnny Knoxville is set to play "Moe" in the new Three Stooges movie.
Lesson:
**Introduction**
In this lesson, we will learn about the Three Stooges, a famous comedy team that entertained audiences for decades. We will also learn about the upcoming Three Stooges movie and the actor who will play "Moe."
**Main Topic**
1. Who are the Three Stooges?
- The Three Stooges were a comedy team that consisted of three men: Moe Howard, Larry Fine, and Curly Howard. They were known for their slapstick humor and physical comedy.
2. What is the new Three Stooges movie about?
- The new Three Stooges movie is a feature-length film that tells the story of the Three Stooges as kids. The movie follows the trio as they try to save their childhood home from being demolished.
3. Who will play "Moe" in the new Three Stooges movie?
- Johnny Knoxville, a famous actor known for his work on the Jackass movies, has been cast as "Moe" in the new Three Stooges movie.
**Practice Questions**
1. Who were the Three Stooges?
a) A group of women
b) A group of men
c) A group of animals
d) A group of objects
Answer: b) A group of men
2. What is the new Three Stooges movie about?
a) The life of Moe Howard
b) The life of Larry Fine
c) The life of Curly Howard
d) The Three Stooges as kids
Answer: d) The Three Stooges as kids
3. Who will play "Moe" in the new Three Stooges movie?
a) Benicio del Toro
b) Sean Penn
c) Jim Carrey
d) Johnny Knoxville
Answer: d) Johnny Knoxville
**Glossary**
- Three Stooges: a famous comedy team consisting of Moe Howard, Larry Fine, and Curly Howard.
- Slapstick humor: a type of comedy that involves physical violence or other forms of exaggerated action.
- Physical comedy: a type of comedy that relies on bodily movements and actions.
**Conclusion**
In this lesson, we learned about the Three Stooges, a famous comedy team, and the new Three Stooges movie. We also learned that Johnny Knoxville will play "Moe" in the movie. By studying the Three Stooges, we can learn about the history of comedy and how physical comedy has been used to entertain audiences for decades.


text: This course requires 2 options.. Year 10 French. Course Description. Teacher in Charge: Mrs C. Feuillade. Students are encouraged to increase their ability to communicate both in oral and written everyday French situations. Students learn to give and receive information in French in a variety of topics, for example:. - Shopping, asking and giving directions, talking about meals, buying drinks and food, talking about holiday, free time, home. - The cultural emphasis at this level focuses on food, sports, celebrations and Paris.. Recommended Prior Learning. It is preferable that students have studied French in Year 9. Contributions and Equipment/Stationery. 1 3B1 Notebook, 2x Exercise Books (1B8), Coloured pencils, Blue & Black pens, Glue stick. It is highly recommended that students pay an access fee of $20 to enable them to log onto the Language Perfect website to assist them with vocabulary homework..81MB in 0.0764 seconds with 20 queries.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to French Language and Culture
## I. Overview
In this lesson, we will introduce you to the French language and culture. We will cover the following topics:
- Basic grammar rules
- Vocabulary related to everyday life
- Cultural aspects of France
## II. Grammar Rules
The French language has some unique grammar rules that differ from English. Here are some basic rules that you should know:
- Nouns are either masculine or feminine. You need to learn the gender of each noun to use it correctly.
- Adjectives agree in number and gender with the noun they modify.
- Verbs have different forms depending on tense, mood, and subject pronoun.
- Prepositions are used to express relationships between elements in a sentence.
## III. Vocabulary
Here are some common phrases and words in French that you can use in everyday life:
- Bonjour! (Hello!)
- Comment ça va? (How are you?)
- Où est la gare? (Where is the train station?)
- S'il vous plaît (Please)
- Merci beaucoup (Thank you very much)
## IV. Culture
France has a rich culture that is reflected in its language, customs, and traditions. Here are some cultural aspects of France that you should know:
- Food is an important part of French culture, and meals are often enjoyed with family and friends.
- Sports, particularly soccer, are popular in France.
- The French celebrate many holidays throughout the year, including Christmas, Easter, and Bastille Day.
## V. Conclusion
Learning French can be a fun and rewarding experience. By studying the language and learning about the culture, you can gain a deeper understanding of the world around you. With the skills you gain from this lesson, you can apply them to other areas of your life, such as travel or business.


text: Steve assists private and public-sector employers in all aspects of their dealings with labor unions – union elections, collective bargaining, labor arbitration, and administrative agency and court litigation. He defends employers in court against employee claims of employment discrimination, wrongful discharge, and violation of other employment-related laws, and he counsels and represents both employers and employees as to covenants not to compete. Steve is counsel to a Taft-Hartley Health and Welfare Fund providing retiree benefits nationwide.. Clients looking for labor and employment law advice often need same-or-next-day answers. Steve is committed to assisting clients according to their schedules, not his. A benefit of doing so is that Steve has an opportunity to help the client create the facts, which benefits the client later in the many avenues that labor and employment law provides for litigation.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Labor and Employment Law

## Section 1: What is Labor and Employment Law?
Labor and employment law is a body of law that governs the relationship between employers and employees. It covers a wide range of issues, including hiring, firing, wages, hours, and working conditions. This law also regulates the formation and operation of labor unions, as well as the rights and responsibilities of union members and their employers.

## Section 2: Why do we need Labor and Employment Law?
Labor and employment law is necessary to protect the rights and interests of both employers and employees. It ensures that workers are treated fairly and equitably in the workplace, and it provides a mechanism for resolving disputes when they arise. Additionally, it helps to maintain a stable and productive workforce by establishing clear rules and guidelines for employers to follow.

## Section 3: How does Labor and Employment Law work?
Labor and employment law is primarily governed by federal and state statutes, as well as by common law. These laws are enforced by various government agencies, such as the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). When disputes arise, they are typically resolved through a combination of negotiation, mediation, and litigation.

## Section 4: What are some common issues in Labor and Employment Law?
Some common issues in labor and employment law include:
- Discrimination and harassment in the workplace
- Wage and hour violations
- Unfair labor practices
- Breach of employment contracts
- Retaliation against whistleblowers

## Section 5: How can I apply Labor and Employment Law in my life?
Understanding labor and employment law can be useful in many aspects of your life. For example, if you are an employee, you have certain rights and protections under the law. You can use this knowledge to advocate for yourself in the workplace, such as by negotiating for higher pay or better working conditions. Additionally, if you are ever faced with a legal dispute related to your employment, you will be better prepared to understand your rights and options.

## Conclusion:
In conclusion, labor and employment law is a complex and important area of law that affects the lives of millions of people. By understanding the basics of this field, you can become a more informed and empowered citizen. Whether you are an employee, an employer, or simply someone interested in social justice, there is much to learn about labor and employment law.


text: CNS-Penetrant Compound Library. Catalog No.L4700. Offered in 96 or 384 well plate format. A unique collection of 734 CNS-Penetrant compounds with biological activity for neurologicNS-Penetrant 734 small molecule compounds with biological activity used for neurologic research and associated assays. •Targets 5-HT Receptor,DHFR,COX,RAAS,AChR etc. • Some compounds have been approved by the FDA. • Structurally diverse, medicinally active, and cell permeable. • Rich documentation with structure, IC50, and customer reviews. • NMR and HPLC validated to ensure the highest purity

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Drug Discovery and CNS-Penetrant Compounds

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
In this lesson, we will learn about drug discovery and CNS-penetrant compounds. Drug discovery is the process of finding new drugs that can treat diseases or improve human health. This process involves identifying potential drug candidates, testing them for safety and efficacy, and optimizing their properties to create effective medicines.

CNS-penetrant compounds are a type of drug candidate that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reach the central nervous system (CNS). The BBB is a protective barrier that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, preventing many substances from entering the CNS. However, certain compounds can penetrate the BBB and reach the brain, where they can interact with receptors or other targets to produce therapeutic effects.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
Let's consider an example of a CNS-penetrant compound. One such compound is donepezil, which is used to treat Alzheimer's disease. Donepezil crosses the BBB and binds to acetylcholine receptors in the brain, which helps to improve memory and cognitive function.

Another example is ketamine, which is used as an anesthetic and pain reliever. Ketamine can cross the BBB and bind to NMDA receptors in the brain, which helps to reduce inflammation and promote neuroplasticity.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions
Why is it important for a drug candidate to be able to cross the BBB?

Answer: It is important for a drug candidate to be able to cross the BBB because the brain is a target organ for many diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, psychiatric disorders, and cancer. By penetrating the BBB, a drug candidate can reach its target site and produce therapeutic effects.

What are some strategies for improving the CNS penetration of a drug candidate?

Answer: Some strategies for improving the CNS penetration of a drug candidate include modifying the chemical structure to increase lipophilicity, using prodrugs that can be converted into the active compound after crossing the BBB, and employing drug delivery systems such as nanoparticles or liposomes that can transport the drug across the BBB.

## Glossary
- Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB): A protective barrier that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, preventing many substances from entering the CNS.
- Central Nervous System (CNS): The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord.
- Drug Discovery: The process of finding new drugs that can treat diseases or improve human health.
- CNS-Penetrant Compounds: A type of drug candidate that can cross the BBB and reach the CNS.
- Target: A specific molecule or biological process that a drug candidate interacts with to produce therapeutic effects.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about CNS-penetrant compounds and their importance in drug discovery. We also explored practical examples of these compounds and engaged in self-debating discussions to deepen our understanding. By applying the concepts learned in this lesson, we can better understand the complex process of drug discovery and the role of CNS-penetrant compounds in treating various diseases.


text: Serves 4. 400g spaghetti. 2 ripe avocados, halved, seeded and peeled. 1/2 cup fresh basil leaves. 2 cloves garlic. 2 tablespoons freshly squeezed lemon juice. Salt and freshly ground black pepper, to taste. 1/3 cup olive oil. In a large pot of boiling salted water, cook pasta until al dente and drain well.. In a food processor, combine avocados, basil, garlic and lemon juice. Season with salt and pepper. With the motor running, add olive oil in a slow stream until mixed well. In a large bowl, combine cooked pasta and avocado sauce. Serve immediately with salad and Enjoy!

textbook:
Lesson: How to make avocado spaghetti

**Introduction:** In this lesson, we will learn how to make avocado spaghetti. This is a delicious and healthy dish that is easy to prepare. We will cover the ingredients, instructions, and techniques required to make this dish. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to make avocado spaghetti at home.

**Ingredients:**
- 400g spaghetti
- 2 ripe avocados, halved, seeded and peeled
- 1/2 cup fresh basil leaves
- 2 cloves garlic
- 2 tablespoons freshly squeezed lemon juice
- Salt and freshly ground black pepper, to taste
- 1/3 cup olive oil

**Instructions:**
1. In a large pot of boiling salted water, cook spaghetti until al dente and drain well.
2. In a food processor, combine avocados, basil, garlic, and lemon juice.
3. Season with salt and pepper.
4. With the motor running, add olive oil in a slow stream until mixed well.
5. In a large bowl, combine cooked spaghetti and avocado sauce.
6. Serve immediately with salad and enjoy!

**Techniques:**
- Boiling: The process of heating water to a certain temperature and cooking food in it.
- Draining: The process of removing excess liquid or moisture from a substance.
- Food processor: A kitchen appliance used to mix, blend, or grind food.
- Seasoning: The process of adding salt or other flavorings to food before cooking.
- Slow stream: Adding ingredients gradually and steadily to avoid lumps or overmixing.

**Questions:**
1. What are the ingredients required to make avocado spaghetti?
2. How do you cook spaghetti in boiling water?
3. What is the purpose of adding olive oil slowly in the food processor?
4. How do you serve avocado spaghetti?

**Answers:**
1. The ingredients required to make avocado spaghetti are spaghetti, ripe avocados, fresh basil leaves, garlic, freshly squeezed lemon juice, salt, freshly ground black pepper, and olive oil.
2. To cook spaghetti in boiling water, you need to place it in a large pot of boiling salted water and cook it until it is al dente.
3. The purpose of adding olive oil slowly in the food processor is to prevent lumps from forming and to ensure that the avocado sauce is smooth and creamy.
4. Avocado spaghetti is typically served with a side salad and is enjoyed as a main course.

**Glossary:**
- Al dente: Italian phrase meaning "firm to the bite." It refers to pasta that is cooked until it is still slightly firm when bitten.
- Boiling: The process of heating water to a certain temperature and cooking food in it.
- Draining: The process of removing excess liquid or moisture from a substance.
- Food processor: A kitchen appliance used to mix, blend, or grind food.
- Seasoning: The process of adding salt or other flavorings to food before cooking.
- Slow stream: Adding ingredients gradually and steadily to avoid lumps or overmixing.

**Conclusion:**
In this lesson, we learned how to make avocado spaghetti, a delicious and healthy dish that is easy to prepare. We covered the ingredients, instructions, and techniques required to make this dish. By following the steps in this lesson, you can make avocado spaghetti at home and enjoy it with your family and friends.


text: A Leader in Pharmacy Benefits Management. At US Script we believe in the power of partnership with our pharmacists, our clients and members.. As a business, we understand the importance of managing pharmacy benefit costs effectively. As health care consumers, we are committed to finding ways to provide a high level of prescription benefits at an affordable price.. Our pharmacy benefit management plans are designed to your specifications, regardless of the size of your company. That kind of flexibility in plan design means more convenient, economical care solutions for you and your employees.. Welcome to US Script.

textbook:
Lesson: Pharmacy Benefits Management

Introduction:
Pharmacy Benefits Management (PBM) is the process of managing drug benefits for individuals and organizations. It involves negotiating prices with drug manufacturers, developing formularies, and processing claims. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of PBM, its benefits, and how it works.

Section 1: Understanding Pharmacy Benefits Management

Topic 1: What is Pharmacy Benefits Management?
Pharmacy Benefits Management (PBM) is a service that helps individuals and organizations manage their prescription drug benefits. It involves negotiating prices with drug manufacturers, developing formularies, and processing claims.

Topic 2: Why is PBM Important?
PBM is important because it helps control healthcare costs by negotiating lower prices for drugs, reducing waste, and improving patient outcomes. It also ensures that patients receive the right medication at the right time and at the lowest possible cost.

Topic 3: Benefits of PBM
The benefits of PBM include:
- Lower drug costs
- Improved patient outcomes
- Reduced waste and fraud
- Better access to medications
- More efficient claims processing

Section 2: How Pharmacy Benefits Management Works

Topic 1: Negotiating Prices with Drug Manufacturers
PBMs negotiate with drug manufacturers to get lower prices for drugs. They use their purchasing power to negotiate better prices and pass the savings on to their clients.

Topic 2: Developing Formularies
A formulary is a list of drugs that a health plan will cover. PBMs develop formularies based on the effectiveness and cost of drugs. They ensure that patients receive the most effective and cost-effective medications.

Topic 3: Processing Claims
PBMs process claims for prescription drugs. They use technology to verify eligibility, process claims, and manage appeals. This ensures that patients receive their medications quickly and accurately.

Section 3: Applying Pharmacy Benefits Management

Topic 1: Real-World Example
Let's say a company has 100 employees and spends $500,000 on prescription drugs each year. By using a PBM, the company can save up to 20% on drug costs, resulting in $100,000 in savings.

Topic 2: Self-Debating Discussion
Why is it important for individuals and organizations to manage their prescription drug benefits effectively? What are the consequences of not managing drug benefits effectively?

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Pharmacy Benefits Management is an essential service that helps individuals and organizations manage their prescription drug benefits effectively. By negotiating prices with drug manufacturers, developing formularies, and processing claims, PBMs help control healthcare costs, improve patient outcomes, reduce waste and fraud, and ensure better access to medications. By understanding the principles of PBM and applying them in real-world scenarios, individuals and organizations can save money and improve their overall health.