text:
Overexpression of calpastatin inhibits L8 myoblast fusion.
The formation of skeletal muscle fibers involves cessation of myoblast division, myoblast alignment, and fusion to multinucleated myofibers. Calpain is one of the factors shown to be involved in myoblast fusion. Using L8 rat myoblasts, we found that calpain levels did not change significantly during myoblast differentiation, whereas calpastatin diminished prior to myoblast fusion and reappeared after fusion. The transient diminution in calpastatin allows the Ca2+-promoted activation of calpain and calpain-induced membrane proteolysis, which is required for myoblast fusion. Here we show that calpastatin overexpression in L8 myoblasts does not inhibit cell proliferation and alignment, but prevents myoblast fusion and fusion-associated protein degradation. In addition, calpastatin appears to modulate myogenic gene expression, as indicated by the lack of myogenin (a transcription factor expressed in differentiating myoblasts) in myoblasts overexpressing calpastatin. These results suggest that, in addition to the role in membrane disorganization in the fusing myoblasts, the calpain-calpastatin system may also modulate the levels of factors required for myoblast differentiation.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Cellular Biology - Muscle Fiber Formation

**Objective:** To understand the process of muscle fiber formation and the role of calpastatin in this process.

**Content:**

1. Introduction to Cellular Biology
    - Definition of cellular biology
    - Importance of studying cellular biology
    - Overview of muscle fiber formation

2. Myoblast Differentiation
    - What is myoblast differentiation?
    - How does myoblast differentiation occur?
    - What are the factors involved in myoblast differentiation?

3. Myoblast Fusion
    - What is myoblast fusion?
    - How does myoblast fusion occur?
    - What is the role of calpastatin in myoblast fusion?
    - What happens if calpastatin is overexpressed?

4. Conclusion
    - What have we learned about muscle fiber formation and calpastatin?
    - How can we apply this knowledge to new problems?

**Glossary:**

- Cellular biology: The study of cells and their processes
- Myoblast: A cell that forms muscle fibers
- Differentiation: The process of cells becoming specialized
- Fusion: The process of cells joining together
- Calpain: An enzyme involved in cellular processes
- Calpastatin: A protein that inhibits calpain

**Self-Debate Discussion:**

Is it possible to have a fully functional muscle without calpastatin? Why or why not?

**Conclusion:**

In this lesson, we learned about the process of muscle fiber formation and the role of calpastatin in this process. We also discussed the importance of cellular biology and how studying it can help us understand the world around us. By understanding how calpastatin affects myoblast fusion, we can apply this knowledge to develop treatments for muscle disorders and improve our overall understanding of cellular processes.


text:
Current role of gallium scan and magnetic resonance imaging in the management of mediastinal Hodgkin lymphoma.
A residual mediastinal mass after treatment represents a common diagnostic problem in the management of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HD). Conventional diagnostic radiology, computed tomography (CT), or ultrasonography (US) do not adequately reflect changes as fibrosis or necrosis. Gallium-67 (67Ga) imaging has been proven to be useful for the evaluation of HD in the mediastinum. The authors compared the ability of gallium scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the mediastinal disease in the follow-up of patients with HD. Thirty-four patients previously treated for HD were investigated with gallium scan, MRI, and all the other investigations to evaluate the mediastinal region. Sixteen patients were in restaging after treatment, and 18 were investigated for suspected radiologic recurrence in the mediastinum (follow-up, 9-75 months). The results of gallium scan and MRI were matched with clinical findings during the follow-up. A sensitivity of 85.7% for 67Ga and 92.8% for MRI was found, while the specificity was 100% for the scan and 80.6% for MRI. The predictive positive value that resulted was 100% for 67Ga and 68.4% for MRI. Both examinations were accurate in assessing the activity of residual masses in the mediastinum after treatment. 67Ga showed a lower sensitivity in comparison with MRI, but 67Ga frequently overestimates the presence of pathologic tissue. The authors acknowledge the complementary role of these two tests, but if only one of these examinations can be performed for logistic or economic reasons, then gallium scan represents the single most adequate diagnostic procedure.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Gallium Scans and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

### Overview
In this lesson, we will learn about Gallium scans and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and their role in managing patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. We will cover the following topics:

1. What is Hodgkin lymphoma?
2. Why are Gallium scans and MRI used in the management of Hodgkin lymphoma?
3. How does Gallium scan work?
4. How does MRI work?
5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Gallium scans and MRI?
6. How are the results of Gallium scans and MRI used in the management of Hodgkin lymphoma?

### What is Hodgkin lymphoma?
Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. It is also known as Hodgkin's disease. It usually starts in the lymph nodes, but can spread to other parts of the body, including the lungs, liver, and bones.

### Why are Gallium scans and MRI used in the management of Hodgkin lymphoma?
Gallium scans and MRI are imaging techniques used to diagnose and manage patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. They are particularly useful in detecting residual disease in the mediastinum, which is the area between the lungs, after treatment. Conventional imaging techniques like CT and US scans may not be able to accurately show changes such as fibrosis or necrosis.

### How does Gallium scan work?
Gallium-67 (67Ga) is a radioactive substance that is injected into the patient's bloodstream. It accumulates in areas of the body where there is an increased metabolic activity, such as cancer cells. The 67Ga emits gamma rays, which are detected by a gamma camera to create an image of the body. Areas of high metabolic activity will appear brighter on the image, making it easier to identify areas of disease.

### How does MRI work?
MRI uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create images of the body. The magnetic field aligns the hydrogen atoms in the body, and when radio waves are applied, the hydrogen atoms absorb and re-emit the energy. The emitted energy is detected by the MRI machine, which creates an image of the body based on the signals received. Since cancer cells often have a different water content than normal cells, they will appear differently on an MRI image.

### What are the advantages and disadvantages of Gallium scans and MRI?
Advantages of Gallium scans:
- High sensitivity for detecting residual disease in the mediastinum
- Can detect areas of increased metabolic activity, such as cancer cells
- Non-invasive and generally well-tolerated by patients

Disadvantages of Gallium scans:
- Requires the use of a radioactive substance, which may have side effects
- Not as good at detecting small lesions or subtle changes in the mediastinum
- May not be as accurate in detecting non-mediastinal disease

Advantages of MRI:
- Highly accurate in detecting small lesions and subtle changes in the mediastinum
- Does not require the use of radioactive substances
- Can provide additional information about the structure of the tumor

Disadvantages of MRI:
- Not as sensitive for detecting residual disease in the mediastinum as Gallium scans
- May not be as effective in detecting areas of increased metabolic activity
- May require the use of contrast agents, which may have side effects

### How are the results of Gallium scans and MRI used in the management of Hodgkin lymphoma?
The results of Gallium scans and MRI are used in conjunction with other diagnostic tests to evaluate the mediastinal disease in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. These tests may include CT, US, biopsy, and blood tests. The results of the imaging studies can help determine the presence of residual disease, the need for further treatment, and the response to therapy.

In conclusion, Gallium scans and MRI play an important role in the management of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. They allow for the detection of residual disease in the mediastinum and can help guide treatment decisions. While each technique has its advantages and disadvantages, they can be used together to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the patient's condition.


text: Pressroom. KI Europe has published Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) for its portfolio of UK-manufactured products to help customers meet their sustainability objectives and achieve credits towards SKA, BREEAM, LEED and other certifications and standards... The Inverurie Community Campus in Aberdeenshire is a new £55m facility which opened its doors in late 2020. As part of the extensive bespoke FF&E package, Deanestor specified a wide variety of KI seating to meet the contemporary design and overall needs of the centre.. Myke is a stackable seating solution that allows learning spaces to be configured in numerous ways, quickly and easily. The new addition can be specified in 3 ways – without armrests, with armrests, or with armrests and folding writing.. .

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Sustainable Products in Education

## Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of sustainable products in education. We will explore how using sustainable products can help us achieve our sustainability goals and reduce our impact on the environment.

## Section 2: What are Sustainable Products?
Sustainable products are those that are made from materials that can be reused, recycled, or composted. They are designed to minimize waste and reduce our impact on the environment. Sustainable products can include anything from furniture to paper products, and even technology.

## Section 3: Why are Sustainable Products Important in Education?
Sustainable products are important in education because they help us create a more sustainable future. By using sustainable products in our classrooms, we can reduce our carbon footprint and teach our students about the importance of sustainability. Additionally, sustainable products can help us save money by reducing our need for disposable items.

## Section 4: Examples of Sustainable Products in Education
There are many examples of sustainable products that can be used in education. For example, schools can use recycled paper products, such as notebooks and printer paper, made from post-consumer waste. Additionally, schools can use furniture made from sustainable materials, such as bamboo or recycled plastic. Finally, schools can use technology that is energy-efficient and made from sustainable materials.

## Section 5: Conclusion
In conclusion, sustainable products are important in education because they help us create a more sustainable future. By using sustainable products in our classrooms, we can reduce our carbon footprint and teach our students about the importance of sustainability. Additionally, sustainable products can help us save money by reducing our need for disposable items.


text: Posted by #! on Wednesday, October 12, 2011 at 4:11am.. A horizontal force of 142 N is used to push a. 47.0 kg packing crate a distance of 6.00 m on. a rough horizontal surface.. The acceleration of gravity is 9.81 m/s2 .. If the crate moves with constant velocity,. calculate. a) the work done by the force.. Answer in units of J. b) the coefficient of kinetic friction.

textbook:
Lesson: Work and Kinetic Friction

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about work and kinetic friction. We will start by understanding what work is and then move on to the formula for calculating work. After that, we will learn about kinetic friction and its formula. Finally, we will solve a problem involving work and kinetic friction.

What is Work?
Work is defined as the transfer of energy from one object to another due to the application of force. In other words, work is done when an object is moved or lifted against a force.

Formula for Work:
The formula for work is W = F x d x cos(theta), where W is work, F is force, d is distance, and theta is the angle between the force and the direction of motion.

Kinetic Friction:
Kinetic friction is the force that opposes the motion of an object along a surface. It is also known as sliding friction. The formula for kinetic friction is f_k = u x F_n, where f_k is the force of kinetic friction, u is the coefficient of friction, and F_n is the normal force.

Problem Solving:
A horizontal force of 142 N is used to push a 47.0 kg packing crate a distance of 6.00 m on a rough horizontal surface. If the crate moves with constant velocity, calculate:

a) the work done by the force
b) the coefficient of kinetic friction

Solution:
a) To calculate the work done by the force, we need to use the formula W = F x d x cos(theta). Since the force is applied horizontally and the crate moves horizontally, the angle theta is 0 degrees. Therefore, cos(theta) = cos(0) = 1.

W = F x d x cos(theta)
W = 142 N x 6.00 m x 1
W = 852 J

The work done by the force is 852 Joules.

b) To calculate the coefficient of kinetic friction, we need to use the formula f_k = u x F_n. The coefficient of friction (u) is the ratio of the static friction force to the normal force. Since the crate is moving with constant velocity, the static friction force is equal to the dynamic friction force, which is equal to the weight of the crate.

u = F_s / F_n
u = 47.0 kg x 9.81 m/s^2 / 47.0 kg x 9.81 m/s^2
u = 0.981

Now, we can calculate the coefficient of kinetic friction using the formula f_k = u x F_n.

f_k = u x F_n
f_k = 0.981 x 47.0 kg x 9.81 m/s^2
f_k = 46.93 N

The coefficient of kinetic friction is 46.93 N.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about work and kinetic friction. We learned that work is the transfer of energy from one object to another due to the application of force, and we used the formula W = F x d x cos(theta) to calculate work. We also learned about kinetic friction and its formula, f_k = u x F_n. Finally, we solved a problem involving work and kinetic friction.


text: » Show All «Prev 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ... 1278» Next» » Slide Show. "Slave-like" forced labor long after slavery was supposed to be abolished.. Henrietta Day, daughter of Richard Day Sr married Armstead Handy. Armstead packed up the family and left farming for the promise of decent regular pay. Armstead worked the Coal Mines in Jefferson county Alabama, for the Tennessee Coal and Iron company in the 1920's as did Thomas Robert Day from about 1916 to 1928. Armstead was later joined by his son Leon to mine by the 1930 census.. The following article depicts what life was like for many black miners and railroad workers in the South. Particularly those young black men working for Tennessee Coal and Iron in Jefferson County, Alabama.. Original article here:. » Show All «Prev 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ... 1278» Next» » Slide Show

textbook:
Title: The Dangerous Life of a Black Miner in the Early 20th Century

Lesson Overview:
In this lesson, we will learn about the dangerous and challenging conditions that black miners faced in the early 20th century while working for the Tennessee Coal and Iron Company in Jefferson County, Alabama. We will explore the reasons behind their employment, the hazardous working conditions they endured, and the impact of their work on their health and well-being.

Section 1: Introduction
- Definition of a coal mine and its importance in the early 20th century
- Brief history of coal mining in the United States
- Introduction of Tennessee Coal and Iron Company and its operations in Jefferson County, Alabama

Section 2: Employment of Black Miners
- Reasons behind the employment of black miners
- Discussion of the sharecropping system and its impact on black families
- Explanation of why black miners were willing to work in coal mines despite the dangers

Section 3: Hazardous Working Conditions
- Description of the working conditions in coal mines during the early 20th century
- Discussion of the dangers of coal mining, including explosions, cave-ins, and black lung disease
- Explanation of how black miners were often paid less than white miners and given the most dangerous jobs

Section 4: Impact on Health and Well-being
- Discussion of the physical and mental health risks associated with coal mining
- Explanation of how black miners were often not given proper safety equipment or training
- Examples of injuries and illnesses suffered by black miners

Section 5: Conclusion
- Summary of the challenges faced by black miners in the early 20th century
- Discussion of how these challenges have influenced the history of labor rights in the United States
- Importance of understanding the experiences of black miners in order to appreciate the progress made in labor rights

Glossary:
- Coal mine: A facility where coal is extracted from the ground
- Sharecropping: A system in which tenant farmers give a portion of their crop to the landowner in exchange for use of the land
- Black lung disease: A respiratory condition caused by inhaling dust in the coal mines

Conclusion:
This lesson has provided an overview of the challenges faced by black miners in the early 20th century. By understanding their experiences, we can appreciate the progress made in labor rights and the importance of protecting workers' rights today.


text:
Q:

Implicit do loop array initialization

I want to initialize an array on one line with an implicit do loop. However, I always get a syntax or shape error. Can anyone help me correct the following construct?
integer myarray :: (maxdim, nr)

myarray(1:maxdim,nr) = (/ (/i,i=1,maxdim/),nr /)

A:

You are initializing an array with MAXDIM rows and NR columns, and it looks like each column contains the integers 1 to MAXDIM.
As a first step, go ahead and write out the actual DO-loop:
do j=1,NR
    do i=1,MAXDIM
        myarray(i,j) = i
    end do
end do

Collapse the inner loop to an implicit loop structure:
do j = 1,NR
    myarray(1:MAXDIM,j) = (/ (i, i=1,MAXDIM) /)
end do

When we try to collapse the outer loop, though, something strange happens:
myarray = (/ ((/ (i, i=1,MAXDIM) /), j=1,NR) /)

Now, I get an incompatible ranks error as you did.  Since I'm not very good at the implicit do-loops either, I looked at the shape intrinsic results for the array constructor:
print *, shape(myarray)
print *, shape((/ ((/ (i, i=1,MAXDIM) /), j=1,NR) /))

This prints out
   5      10
  50

The array constructor is simply expanding a 1-D array , flattening any nested array constructions.  We can actually drop the second set of (/ /) to simplify.  Since everything is already in the proper order, we can use the reshape intrinsic to ensure proper rank.  My full test program is then:
program sotest
    implicit none

    integer, parameter :: MAXDIM = 5
    integer, parameter :: NR     = 10

    integer :: i
    integer :: j
    integer :: myarray(MAXDIM, NR)
    integer :: myarray_implicit(MAXDIM, NR)

    do j = 1,NR
        do i = 1,MAXDIM
            myarray(i,j) = i
        end do
    end do

    myarray_implicit = reshape((/ ((i,i=1,MAXDIM), j=1,NR) /), (/ MAXDIM, NR /))

    print *, all(myarray == myarray_implicit)
 end program sotest

A:

The implicit do loop will only create a vector so you'll have to reshape that.  Something like this:
integer, dimension(m,n) :: myarray
integer :: ix, jx
...
myarray = reshape( [ (ix, ix = 1, m*n) ], [ m, n ] )

or perhaps you want a more complicated, nested, implied-do loop:
myarray = reshape( [ ((ix+jx, ix = 1, m), jx = 1, n) ], [ m, n ] )

Note that I'm using the Fortran2003 convention of [ ] to delimit array constructions, rather than (/ /).  Note also that you have to declare the implied do loop index variables.

textbook:
Lesson: Implicit Do Loop Array Initialization
============

Introduction
------------
In this lesson, we will learn how to use an implicit do loop to initialize an array in Fortran. We will start by understanding the basic structure of an implicit do loop and then apply it to initialize an array.

Basic Structure of an Implicit Do Loop
-------------------------------------
An implicit do loop is a type of loop that does not require a counter variable to be declared explicitly. Instead, the loop iterates over all the elements of an array or a range of values. The general form of an implicit do loop is:

```
result = result expression(s)
```

Where `result` is the result of evaluating the `expression(s)` for each element in the array or range of values.

Initializing an Array with an Implicit Do Loop
-------------------------------------------
To initialize an array with an implicit do loop, we need to follow these steps:

1. Declare the array with the appropriate dimensions.
2. Use an implicit do loop to iterate over the array elements and assign values to them.

Let's take an example to understand this better. Suppose we have an array `myarray` of size `maxdim` by `nr` rows, and we want to initialize it with the integers 1 to `maxdim` in each column. Here's how we can do it:

```fortran
integer, dimension(:,:), allocatable :: myarray

allocate(myarray)

do j = 1, nr
    do i = 1, maxdim
        myarray(i,j) = i
    end do
end do
```

In this example, we first declare the array `myarray` with the appropriate dimensions using the `dimension` attribute. Then we allocate memory for the array using the `allocate` statement. Finally, we use an implicit do loop to iterate over the rows and columns of the array and assign values to them.

Practice Problems
---------------
1. Declare an array `a` of size `n` and initialize it with the integers 1 to `n` in each row.
2. Declare an array `b` of size `m` by `n` rows, and initialize it with the integers 1 to `m` in each column.
3. Declare an array `c` of size `p` by `q` rows and `r` columns, and initialize it with the integers 1 to `p` in the first `q` columns and the integers 1 to `r` in the last `q` columns.

Solutions
--------
1. `integer, dimension(n), allocatable :: a`
   `allocate(a)`
   `do i = 1, n`
       `a(i) = i`
   `end do`
2. `integer, dimension(m,n), allocatable :: b`
   `allocate(b)`
   `do j = 1, n`
       `do i = 1, m`
           `b(i,j) = i`
       `end do`
   `end do`
3. `integer, dimension(p,q,r), allocatable :: c`
   `allocate(c)`
   `do k = 1, q`
       `do i = 1, p`
           `do j = 1, r`
               `if (k <= q/2)`
                   `c(i,j,k) = i`
               `else`
                   `c(i,j,k) = k - q/2`
               `end if`
           `end do`
       `end do`
   `end do`

Conclusion
-----------
In this lesson, we learned how to use an implicit do loop to initialize an array in Fortran. We started by understanding the basic structure of an implicit do loop and then applied it to initialize an array. We also solved some practice problems to reinforce our understanding of the concept.


text:
Traveling is a great teacher, you can learn so many things through traveling. Life is really colorful and it will offer you more things to explore in its way. The outstanding structure of traveling will give you opportunities to learn new things about life. You can explore good things as well as bad things and all you have to do is to set a beautiful relationship with traveling. I can assure you with more traveling, you will found a new you, who is more liberated, more caring and more experimental in life. With time, you will see that travel will blow your mind and get you to a new level of happiness and success. It will change the way you look at your life and help you to feel the positive vibes of life.

Grow your self-awareness:

This type of self-awareness is not the same as the anxiety related self-awareness, it is similar to the self-realization. In your own surroundings, you always encounter same minded and same cultural followers, but when you are another country or region, you can see the diverse difference of cultures and religious views. At that time you will feel your worth more significantly, you can actually compare your life with others. The respect and devotion towards your own culture and life will surely increase through traveling around the world.

Makes you more patient:

Patience is a great virtue, but it is not an inbuilt behavior in us. Many people are facing lots of problems due to lack of patience because life is not at all simpler always, you have to wait for the right time. When you are traveling, many times you have to face different types of hazards. Maybe you have to wait in a very long queue, or your flight got delayed for an entire day. You can not run away from these situations, rather you have to wait for the right time patiently. Another very crucial point is the language barrier when you are traveling, you have to face this issue and with your full-on patience level, you have to overcome this issue. Frequent travelers are very much open to these kinds of situations, and genuinely they become patient in every situation in real life.

Teaches you to live your life in the present:

When you take a break from your monotonous life and start to explore life through traveling, you actually start to live in the present. It is not easy to live your life in the present, because your life and its arbitrary thoughts will never let you do so, but at the time of traveling when you actually leave your place, you will start to value each and every second of your present. You will see things with a lot more detailing and start to enjoy your life.

Travelling teaches you responsibility:

If you want to give a lesson of responsibility, then send them on a trip. When you are in an entirely different place, you have to pay attention to your belongings and your everyday activities. A single irresponsible act can give you a tremendous hassle. It is entirely your responsibility to stay safe in another country, so, practicing mindfulness is very important when you are on a trip. Other Than that when you explore different types of lives in your surroundings, you can feel the actual meaning of life, it will also bring out the positive vibe in you.

It helps to build confidence in you:

Traveling is undoubtedly a confidence booster when you start to travel, you have to face many challenges in your path, whether it is a language barrier or connecting with so many unknown things. With proper practice and effort you conquer the rigidness and bondings of you, this process will surely help you to boost your level of confidence. With regular traveling, as a person, you will see a significant change within you.

textbook:
Lesson: Traveling as a Teacher

Introduction:

Traveling is an excellent way to learn new things and gain new experiences. It can broaden your horizons and help you discover new aspects of yourself. In this lesson, we will explore the value of traveling as a teacher and how it can benefit you in various ways.

Section 1: Growing Self-Awareness

Traveling can help you grow your self-awareness by exposing you to different cultures and lifestyles. When you visit other countries or regions, you can see how people live differently from you and gain a new perspective on life. This can help you understand your own values and beliefs better and make you appreciate your own culture more.

Questions and Answers:

Q: How does traveling help you grow self-awareness?
A: Traveling exposes you to different cultures and lifestyles, which can help you understand your own values and beliefs better.

Q: How does traveling help you appreciate your own culture more?
A: By seeing how people live differently from you, you can gain a new perspective on life and appreciate the unique aspects of your own culture.

Section 2: Building Confidence

Traveling can also help you build confidence by pushing you out of your comfort zone. You may have to navigate unfamiliar places, communicate in a foreign language, or try new foods. These experiences can help you become more confident in your ability to adapt to new situations and overcome challenges.

Questions and Answers:

Q: How does traveling help you build confidence?
A: Traveling pushes you out of your comfort zone and forces you to adapt to new situations, which can help you become more confident in your ability to overcome challenges.

Q: What are some ways traveling can help you build confidence?
A: Traveling can help you build confidence by forcing you to navigate unfamiliar places, communicate in a foreign language, and try new foods.

Section 3: Finding Your Passion

Traveling can also help you find your passion by exposing you to new experiences and interests. You may discover a love for art, music, or cuisine that you never knew existed. This can help you find your purpose in life and pursue your passions with more conviction.

Questions and Answers:

Q: How does traveling help you find your passion?
A: Traveling exposes you to new experiences and interests, which can help you discover your passions and find your purpose in life.

Q: What are some examples of passions that can be discovered through traveling?
A: Some examples of passions that can be discovered through traveling include art, music, cuisine, and adventure sports.

Conclusion:

Traveling is a great teacher that can benefit you in various ways. It can help you grow your self-awareness, build your confidence, and find your passion. By exposing you to new cultures and experiences, traveling can broaden your horizons and help you discover new aspects of yourself. So, go out and explore the world!

Glossary:

Self-awareness: The ability to recognize and understand one's own emotions, thoughts, and behaviors.

Confidence: A feeling of self-assurance and belief in one's ability to succeed.

Passion: A strong feeling of enthusiasm or excitement for something.


text:
I have a degree in Communication from the University of Texas El Paso. I am an experienced Certified Professional Coach graduating from the advanced program at the International Coach Academy. I have experience coaching everything from career coaching to how to get organized. The best description of my niche is a Life Skills Coach. The skills everyone needs but no one teaches. Life skills, relationship skills, communication skills and coping with grief. Grief includes loss of a loved one, loss of a pet, job loss, empty nest, or any major life change.
I have real world experience having been in the education field for 20 years and as a manager/supervisor for 15. I have coached work relationship issues as well as work/ home balance and personal/ family issues.

Specialties

My coaching disposition is to help you meet what ever goal you have for yourself in a non stressful way with humor and celebration. I have been coaching for over 3 years with over 150 hours of coaching. I have worked in the education field as a college counselor and worked as a supervisor for the Federal Government for almost 10 years. My experience with employers, co-workers and employees has enabled me to provide effective coaching on work relationships, career issues and job changes. I have experience on general life and family relationship issues. Organizing your home/ life; perusing a healthier life; family relationship issues including LGBTQ; coping with empty nest; or just general life chaos are all issues I have worked on with clients.

Certified Professional Coach
Life Skills Ciach specializing in life skills, relationship skills and communication skills. I have also done grief and growth coaching to assist in major life changes, like the death of a loved one, precious pet, or empty nest.

Specialties

B.A. Commu ication
Certified Trainer
10 years College Student Counselor
30 year work history including 10 years as a manager

textbook:
Lesson: How to Become a Successful Life Coach

Introduction:

A life coach is someone who helps people improve their lives by providing guidance, support, and motivation. Life coaching is a rapidly growing profession, and there are many opportunities for those who want to become successful life coaches. In this lesson, we will cover the steps you can take to become a successful life coach.

Section 1: Education and Training

To become a successful life coach, you need to have a strong foundation in psychology, counseling, and related fields. You can earn a degree in these fields, or you can attend a life coaching certification program. There are many online programs available that offer flexible schedules and affordable tuition rates. Some popular programs include the International Coach Academy, the Institute for Life Coach Training, and the Coaches Training Institute.

Once you have completed your training, you should consider joining a professional organization such as the International Coach Federation (ICF) or the Association for Coaching. These organizations provide networking opportunities, continuing education, and certification programs.

Section 2: Develop Your Niche

As a life coach, you will need to develop a niche that sets you apart from other coaches. Your niche could be based on your area of expertise, your target audience, or your coaching style. For example, you might specialize in helping people overcome anxiety, or you might focus on helping professionals achieve work-life balance. Whatever your niche, make sure it is something that you are passionate about and that you have the necessary knowledge and skills to coach others effectively.

Section 3: Build Your Brand

Your brand is your personal brand as a life coach. It includes your logo, website, social media presence, and overall image. To build your brand, you should create a professional-looking website that showcases your coaching services, your experience, and your personality. You should also establish a presence on social media platforms such as LinkedIn, Twitter, and Facebook. Make sure your posts are informative, engaging, and consistent with your brand image.

Section 4: Network and Market Your Services

Networking and marketing are essential for building a successful coaching practice. Attend conferences, workshops, and other events related to life coaching. Connect with other coaches, potential clients, and referral sources. Use social media to connect with potential clients and promote your services. Offer free webinars or workshops to attract potential clients. Finally, consider investing in advertising to reach a wider audience.

Conclusion:

Becoming a successful life coach requires dedication, hard work, and a strong desire to help others. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can build a thriving coaching practice that meets the needs of your clients and fulfills your personal and professional goals.


text: STOCKHOLM, Sweden, Jan. 31 -- Optical Access said that Skanova, the independent wholesale network provider within the Telia group, has signed a one-year agreement with Optical Access for its OptiSwitch. The deal allows Skanova to deploy Ethernet to the home, providing symmetric broadband access of up to 100 Mb/s to service providers and end users in Sweden. Skanova will deploy the optical access OptiSwitch for their nationwide build-out of broadband access to residents in Sweden, beginning in Stockholm. "Ethernet-based access will be an important part of our broadband access network," said Ove Alm, vice president of Skanova. "Optical Access's products target precisely this market and will provide us with the capabilities to offer our customers the best service on the market."

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Broadband Access Networks

**Lesson Overview:** In this lesson, we will learn about broadband access networks and the technology used to provide high-speed internet to homes and businesses. We will explore the benefits of broadband access, the different types of networks, and the equipment used to deliver broadband services.

**Lesson Sections:**

1. **What is Broadband Access?**
    - Broadband access refers to high-speed internet connections that allow users to access the internet and other network resources at high speeds.
    - Broadband access networks are designed to provide faster and more reliable internet connections than traditional dial-up or modem connections.

2. **Benefits of Broadband Access**
    - Faster download and upload speeds
    - Improved video and audio quality
    - Better support for multiple devices and applications
    - Increased productivity and efficiency

3. **Types of Broadband Access Networks**
    - Fiber optic networks
    - Cable networks
    - Wireless networks
    - Satellite networks

4. **Equipment used in Broadband Access Networks**
    - Optical switches
    - Ethernet switches
    - Modems
    - Routers

5. **Practical Examples**
    - Fiber optic networks are used to provide high-speed internet to homes and businesses.
    - Cable networks use coaxial cables to deliver broadband services to homes and businesses.
    - Wireless networks use radio waves to transmit data between devices.
    - Satellite networks use satellites to transmit data between ground stations and user terminals.

6. **Conclusion**
    - Broadband access networks are essential for providing high-speed internet connections to homes and businesses.
    - Understanding the different types of broadband access networks and the equipment used to deliver broadband services is crucial for anyone interested in pursuing a career in telecommunications or information technology.

**Glossary:**
- Broadband: High-speed internet connections that allow users to access the internet and other network resources at high speeds.
- Optical switches: Devices used to route data traffic in optical networks.
- Ethernet switches: Devices used to route data traffic in Ethernet networks.
- Modems: Devices used to convert digital signals into analog signals for transmission over telephone lines.
- Routers: Devices used to direct data packets between networks.

**Self-Debate Discussion:**
- Why is broadband access important?
- What are the advantages of fiber optic networks compared to other types of broadband access networks?
- How do modems and routers work together to provide broadband services?


text: Customer Reviews. Love, love, love! I purchased three different bracelets as Christmas gifts and when I received them, I couldn't get over thr fact they were even better than I expected.. The quality is ok. Love the charm. Will recommend. Thanks. I purchased some charm bracelets for Christmas presents for my daughter. They love them.. I ordered 2 of the charm bracelets. They were beautiful. Very good quality. Second time I've ordered from this company, was very impressed both times.. These are very high-quality bracelets and pendants! It matches the description and the seller is very kind and patient. This is my second order and they have become my favorite jeweler shop!....

textbook:
Lesson: How to Analyze Customer Reviews

## Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn how to analyze customer reviews to understand what customers like or dislike about a product or service. We will use the example of customer reviews for charm bracelets to illustrate the process.

## Section 2: Analyzing Customer Reviews
To analyze customer reviews, follow these steps:

1. Read the reviews carefully to understand the overall sentiment. Are the reviews positive or negative?
2. Look for common themes or patterns in the reviews. Are there specific aspects of the product or service that customers like or dislike?
3. Identify the key points that customers make. What do they say about the quality, price, or other features of the product or service?
4. Consider the context of the reviews. Were they written by people who have used the product or service, or are they based on advertising or other sources of information?
5. Evaluate the credibility of the reviews. Are the reviewers trustworthy and knowledgeable about the product or service?

## Section 3: Practical Examples
Let's apply these steps to the customer reviews for charm bracelets:

1. The overall sentiment of the reviews is positive, with many customers expressing love for the bracelets.
2. Common themes include the quality of the bracelets, the beauty of the charms, and the thoughtfulness of the gifts.
3. Key points include the high-quality materials, the attention to detail in the craftsmanship, and the personalized nature of the gifts.
4. Some reviews may be influenced by marketing or other sources of information, but most are based on direct experience with the product.
5. The credibility of the reviews seems high, as many customers provide detailed descriptions of their experiences with the bracelets.

## Section 4: Self-Debating Discussions
1. Why are customer reviews important for businesses?
   - Customer reviews provide valuable feedback on the strengths and weaknesses of a product or service.
   - They help businesses understand what customers want and need, and how to improve their offerings.
   - Positive reviews can boost sales and brand reputation, while negative reviews can identify areas for improvement.

2. How can businesses respond to customer reviews?
   - Responding to reviews shows that the business values customer feedback and is willing to address concerns.
   - Businesses can apologize for any issues, offer solutions or compensation, or thank customers for their positive comments.
   - Responses should be timely, professional, and personalized to the specific review.

## Conclusion
By analyzing customer reviews, businesses can gain insights into what customers like and dislike about their products or services. This information can help businesses improve their offerings and better meet customer needs. By responding to reviews, businesses can demonstrate their commitment to customer satisfaction and build stronger relationships with their customers.


text: Tennessee (TN) State Flag. The 16th state, admitted 1796. Leroy Reeves of the Third Regiment, Tennessee Infantry, designed this flag. The three stars stand for the three Grand Divisions of the state - the Great Smoky Mountains and others in the East, the highlands in the middle, and the lowlands along the Mississippi River. These sections are known as East, Middle, and West Tennessee. The circle symbolizes the binding together of the people in these sections of the state. It has also been said that the stars represent the three presidents from Tennessee TN, Andrew Jackson, James Polk, and Andrew Johnson.. Tennessee State Flag Adopted: 1905. [Back to All State Flags]. These top-quality flags are made from heavy-duty, commercial grade 100% nylon fabric for maximum durability.. Heavy-duty high-wind 2-ply polyester state flags in sizes 3' x 5', 4' x 6' and 5' x 8'.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to State Flags

## Section 1: Theory
In this lesson, we will learn about state flags and their significance. We will start by understanding what a state flag is and why it is important.

**Definition:** A state flag is a symbol that represents a particular state or country. It is usually flown over government buildings and other official locations to show pride in the state or country.

**Importance:** State flags are important because they represent the history, culture, and identity of a particular state or country. They are often used to show unity among people who share a common heritage or set of values.

## Section 2: Practice
Now that we know what a state flag is and why it is important, let's practice by identifying some state flags.

1. Can you name three states that have a flag with three stars on it?
2. Which state has a flag with a circle in the center?
3. What do the three stars on the Tennessee state flag represent?

## Section 3: Application
In this section, we will apply what we have learned by creating our own state flag.

**Step 1:** Research your state's history, culture, and identity to find symbols that represent it.

**Step 2:** Sketch out a design for your state flag that incorporates these symbols.

**Step 3:** Once you have a design, present it to your class or group and explain the meaning behind each symbol.

## Glossary
- State: A political subdivision of a country
- Flag: A piece of cloth or other material, usually rectangular and often with a distinctive design and color, used as the symbol of a country, organization, or person
- Symbol: A thing or action that represents or is intended to represent something else

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about state flags and their significance. We practiced by identifying some state flags and then applied our knowledge by creating our own. By understanding the meaning behind each symbol, we can appreciate the importance of state flags and how they represent the history, culture, and identity of a particular state or country.


text: Make TBO Your Home Page| Subscribe To The Paper| Advertise With Us| Contact Us| Login| Edit Profile| Register. ADVERTISEMENT. Published: September 27, 2008.. No one is in Cincinnati, was surprised when she tried to get a credit card from home improvement chain Lowe's this month. She got the $1,000 credit line bumped up to $2,000 after she complained, but even that wasn't enough.. Freitag calculated that her purchases would add up to almost $9,000, including .". Ryan, 37, a social worker in New York City, can finally afford a home in one of the most expensive housing markets. But he can't get a mortgage.. Swiftly preapproved by his bank for a loan in.". ADVERTISEMENT. Advertisement. TBO.com - Tampa Bay Online ©2009 Media General Communications Holdings, LLC. A Media General company. Member Agreement | Privacy Statement | Work With Us

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Credit and Loans

Introduction:
In today's society, having a good credit score is essential for getting loans, buying a house or car, and even getting a job. However, many people don't understand how credit works and how to build a good credit score. In this lesson, we will learn about credit, loans, and how to manage them responsibly.

Section 1: What is Credit?

Credit is a loan that is given to someone based on their creditworthiness. Creditworthiness is determined by a person's credit score, which is calculated based on their payment history, credit utilization, length of credit history, and types of credit.

Questions:
- What is credit?
- How is creditworthiness determined?

Section 2: Types of Credit

There are several types of credit, including revolving credit (such as credit cards), installment credit (such as mortgages and car loans), and open-end credit (such as home equity lines of credit).

Questions:
- What are the different types of credit?
- Which type of credit is best for me?

Section 3: Managing Credit Responsibly

To build a good credit score, it's essential to manage credit responsibly. This includes paying bills on time, keeping credit utilization low, and maintaining a diverse credit portfolio.

Questions:
- How can I build a good credit score?
- What happens if I miss a credit card payment?

Section 4: Loans

A loan is a sum of money that is lent to someone with the expectation that it will be repaid with interest. There are several types of loans, including personal loans, student loans, and mortgages.

Questions:
- What is a loan?
- How do I get a loan?

Section 5: Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding credit and loans is essential for managing your finances responsibly. By building a good credit score and managing credit responsibly, you can improve your chances of getting approved for loans and getting better interest rates. Remember to always read the fine print and understand the terms of any loan before signing.

Glossary:
- Creditworthiness: The measure of a person's creditworthiness is their ability to borrow money or obtain credit.
- Credit Score: A numerical expression based on a statistical analysis of a person's credit files, that represents the creditworthiness of that person.
- Credit Utilization: The amount of credit that a person is currently using compared to their total credit limit.
- Installment Credit: A type of loan where the borrower agrees to repay the money over a fixed term, in equal payments.
- Open-End Credit: A type of credit that allows the borrower to draw on the line of credit for a specified period.
- Credit Portfolio: A collection of credit accounts held by an individual.


text: The Fusion collection is made in the ecologically conscious small village of Bagru, on the outskirts of Jaipur, India, and includes combinations of natural materials such as wood, stone, ceramic and leather. (Click here for behind the scenes). A positive energising sign, the symbolic meaning of this shape will bring good fortune. A contemporary piece, made in solid brass with a static 5cm drop. The textured detail includes many handmade perforations to show light Flash Earrings. - Each piece is lovingly made by an Artisan to gain financial independence. Learn more.. - Every item is shipped in a soft, vegetable tanned, genuine leather pouch. Read more.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Make Eco-Friendly Jewelry

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the process of making eco-friendly jewelry. We will explore the materials used, the techniques involved, and the impact of sustainable jewelry on the environment. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to create your own eco-friendly jewelry pieces that are both beautiful and sustainable.

Section 1: Materials Used in Eco-Friendly Jewelry

The Fusion collection is made using natural materials such as wood, stone, ceramic, and leather. These materials are chosen because they are renewable, biodegradable, and have a low environmental impact.

Questions:
- What are some other materials that can be used to make eco-friendly jewelry?
- Why are natural materials better than synthetic ones for making sustainable jewelry?

Answer:
Natural materials are better than synthetic ones because they are renewable and biodegradable. Synthetic materials are often made from non-renewable resources and can take hundreds of years to decompose in the environment.

Section 2: Techniques Used in Eco-Friendly Jewelry Making

The Fusion collection is made in the small village of Bagru, where artisans use traditional techniques to create unique and beautiful jewelry pieces. These techniques include hand-carving, sanding, polishing, and assembling the pieces together.

Questions:
- What are some other techniques used in eco-friendly jewelry making?
- How do these techniques differ from those used in traditional jewelry making?

Answer:
Some other techniques used in eco-friendly jewelry making include wire wrapping, beading, and knotting. These techniques differ from those used in traditional jewelry making because they focus on using natural materials and minimizing waste.

Section 3: Impact of Sustainable Jewelry on the Environment

By making eco-friendly jewelry, we can reduce our impact on the environment and promote sustainability. The Fusion collection is made with the environment in mind, using natural materials that are renewable and biodegradable.

Questions:
- What are some other ways we can promote sustainability through jewelry making?
- How can we encourage others to wear sustainable jewelry?

Answer:
Some other ways we can promote sustainability through jewelry making include using recycled metals and stones, reducing packaging waste, and supporting fair trade practices. We can encourage others to wear sustainable jewelry by educating them about the benefits of eco-friendly jewelry and sharing our own experiences with sustainable fashion.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the materials, techniques, and impact of sustainable jewelry. By creating eco-friendly jewelry, we can reduce our impact on the environment and promote sustainability. We can use natural materials, traditional techniques, and creativity to make beautiful and sustainable jewelry pieces.

Glossary:
- Natural materials: materials that are renewable and biodegradable, such as wood, stone, ceramic, and leather.
- Synthetic materials: materials that are not naturally occurring and are often made from non-renewable resources.
- Eco-friendly jewelry: jewelry that is made using sustainable materials and techniques, with minimal environmental impact.
- Sustainable jewelry: jewelry that is made using sustainable materials and techniques, with a focus on reducing waste and promoting sustainability.


text: Over the past few years I’ve worked on and off here on GGG. But this is a passion project for me, and one where I am excited to share with you my perspective on beauty and fashion, and also cultivate a community where I can share other aspects of my life as well. I have a full time job in fundraising, but every night I come home and search the internet for the latest beauty and fashion trends. I thought, if I’m already doing this for myself, why not share this with others? If you enjoy these things like I do, then come along for the ride!. One comment. Hooray for NY bloggers!. LikeLiked by 1 person

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Beauty and Fashion

**Section 1: What is Beauty and Fashion?**
Beauty and fashion are two words that are often used interchangeably. However, they have different meanings. Beauty refers to the quality of being pleasing to the senses, especially the sight. It can be found in many forms, such as art, nature, and people. On the other hand, fashion refers to the style or custom of wearing clothes, usually characterized by the prevailing mode or style of clothing, accessories, makeup, and body posture.

**Section 2: Why is Beauty and Fashion Important?**
Beauty and fashion are important because they enhance our lives. They help us express ourselves, show our personalities, and make us feel confident. Fashion is a form of self-expression, and it allows us to communicate our individuality to the world. Beauty, on the other hand, is subjective, and it can be a source of inspiration, relaxation, and joy.

**Section 3: How to Stay Up-to-Date with Beauty and Fashion Trends**
To stay up-to-date with beauty and fashion trends, you need to be aware of what's happening in the industry. You can follow blogs, magazines, and social media accounts that focus on beauty and fashion. Additionally, you can attend fashion weeks, watch runway shows, and read fashion blogs to see the latest designs and styles.

**Glossary:**
- Beauty: The quality of being pleasing to the senses, especially the sight.
- Fashion: The style or custom of wearing clothes, usually characterized by the prevailing mode or style of clothing, accessories, makeup, and body posture.

**Conclusion:**
In conclusion, beauty and fashion are important aspects of our lives that allow us to express ourselves and enhance our lives. By staying up-to-date with the latest trends, we can incorporate them into our daily lives and feel confident and beautiful.


text: Building: New Builds, Extensions or Conversions. We can provide a no hassle start to finish process by dealing with building control on your behalf and providing you with full architectural plans and specifications from architects and engineers we have worked with on many projects.View Service. Structural Alterations. West and Hill are qualified, insured and would be delighted to assist you in altering the internal layout of your home through the removal of walls, chimneys or floors.View Service. ECO Building. Eco-friendly construction aims to be efficient in its use of local and renewable materials, in the energy required to build it, and the energy generated while being within it.View Service

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Construction Services

**Section 1: Overview of Construction Services**

Construction services involve the process of building, renovating, or modifying a structure. These services can range from small-scale projects like adding a room or updating a kitchen to large-scale projects like building a new house or commercial building. In this lesson, we will explore the different types of construction services and their applications.

**Section 2: Types of Construction Services**

There are three main types of construction services: New Builds, Structural Alterations, and ECO Building.

- **New Builds:** This type of construction service involves building a new structure from the ground up. This can include residential homes, commercial buildings, schools, hospitals, and more. Architects and engineers work together to design the building, and construction workers build the structure according to the plans.

- **Structural Alterations:** This type of construction service involves changing the internal layout of an existing structure. This can include removing walls, adding rooms, or modifying the structure in some way. Structural alterations require careful planning and attention to detail to ensure the safety and stability of the building.

- **ECO Building:** Eco-friendly construction aims to be efficient in its use of local and renewable materials, in the energy required to build it, and the energy generated while being within it. This type of construction service involves using sustainable materials and practices to minimize the environmental impact of the building.

**Section 3: Applications of Construction Services**

Construction services have a wide range of applications, from residential to commercial. Here are some examples:

- Residential: Adding a room to a house, updating a kitchen or bathroom, building a new house.
- Commercial: Building a new office building, renovating a retail space, constructing a school or hospital.
- Industrial: Constructing a warehouse or manufacturing facility, building a bridge or highway.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, construction services play a vital role in creating and modifying our built environment. By understanding the different types of construction services and their applications, we can make informed decisions about our buildings and structures. Whether you are a homeowner looking to update your space or a developer building a new commercial project, construction services can help bring your vision to life.


text: Processing Bulk Natural Wood into a High-Performance Structural Material. As a readily available and affordable resource, wood has been widely used to build homes and construct furniture. Its applications could expand if enhanced mechanical properties such as strength, impact resistance or longer water resistance could be achieved. Such a goal is being reached throughout a process combining chemical treatment followed by mechanical compression.. Wood is first boiled in a solution of NaOH/Na2SO3 to make it more porous and less rigid. The treatment removes nearly 75% of hemicellulose and 50% of lignin. Wood is then compressed perpendicularly to its growth direction at 100°C. The monolayers of such densified wood can be assembled at 90° rotation in the form of laminate that contains several layers. The resulting assemblage has a specific strength much higher than that of most metals and alloys

textbook:
Title: Processing Bulk Natural Wood into a High-Performance Structural Material

### Lesson Outline

I. Introduction
- Definition of bulk natural wood
- Explanation of why wood is an affordable and widely used resource
- Discussion of the potential for expanded applications of wood

II. Chemical Treatment of Wood
- Description of the NaOH/Na2SO3 solution
- Explanation of how the solution makes wood more porous and less rigid
- Explanation of how the treatment removes hemicellulose and lignin

III. Mechanical Compression of Wood
- Explanation of how wood is compressed perpendicularly to its growth direction
- Description of the process of assembling monolayers of densified wood at 90° rotation
- Explanation of how the resulting laminate contains several layers
- Discussion of the resulting specific strength of the laminate

IV. Conclusion
- Summary of the process of processing bulk natural wood into a high-performance structural material
- Discussion of how the resulting material has a specific strength much higher than that of most metals and alloys
- Explanation of how this material could be used for expanded applications

V. Glossary
- Hemicellulose: A complex carbohydrate that forms part of the cell wall of plants
- Lignin: A complex organic polymer that is a major component of the cell walls of many plants
- Densified wood: Wood that has been treated with a NaOH/Na2SO3 solution and then compressed
- Monolayers: A thin layer of a material
- Laminate: A material made by layering together thin sheets of a material
- Specific strength: The strength of a material compared to its weight

VI. Self-Debating Discussions
- How might the process of processing bulk natural wood into a high-performance structural material be improved?
- What other materials could be combined with the resulting laminate to create even stronger structures?
- How might the resulting material be used in the construction industry?

VII. Practical Examples
- Calculate the percentage increase in strength of the resulting material compared to most metals and alloys.
- Determine the number of layers needed to achieve a specific level of strength.
- Design a structure using the resulting material that would be strong enough to support a certain weight.

VIII. Conclusion
- The process of processing bulk natural wood into a high-performance structural material is a valuable technique that could be used in various industries.
- By understanding the chemical treatment and mechanical compression processes involved, students can apply this knowledge to other areas of study.
- The resulting material has a specific strength much higher than that of most metals and alloys, making it a promising option for expanded applications.


text:
INVESTMENT GROUP SHOPPING AROUND

William GruberCHICAGO TRIBUNE

An investor group that created and sold a banking chain in the 1980s is on the prowl again.

In November, the investors bought Manufacturers Bank, a landmark institution at 1200 N. Ashland Ave. They recently submitted a bid to buy a controlling interest in Lakeside Bank from R.R. Donnelley & Sons, but were beaten out by another group consisting mostly of the downtown bank's insiders.

"We would love to get another deal together this year if we can," says Alfred Feiger, former president of Affiliated Banc Group Inc., which was sold to a Detroit banking firm now known as Comerica Inc. in 1987.

"As of right now, we're nowhere close to anything," he adds. "But we're always looking for acquisitions."

The group, which includes several retired bank executives, kept control of a small bank in Coal City, Ill., when it sold the Affiliated banks. A holding company called Coal City Corp. was formed to buy Manufacturers.

Feiger says the new owners have been making "subtle changes" at the bank, while being careful not to upset its longtime customers. It has extended banking hours, he says, and is now open on Saturdays. The bank also has embarked "on an active CRA (Community Reinvestment Act) program," he adds.

Has anyone seen this man?

The man who wasn't there was the subject of much discussion at the annual stockholders meeting of Hartmarx Corp. the other day.

"Have you met Mr. Bakhsh?" John Meinert, a former chairman of the clothing maker, asked its present chairman and chief executive officer, Elbert O. Hand.

"No, sir, I have not," Hand replied.

They were speaking of Abdullah Taha Bakhsh, a Saudi Arabian investor who became the biggest stockholder of Hartmarx in December. That development followed negotiations that started last summer between the company; First Boston Corp., its investment bankers; and Morton Grove-based Dearborn Financial Corp., which represented Bakhsh.

His offshore investment company, Traco International N.V., infused $30 million of much-needed capital into Hartmarx by purchasing common stock and warrants that gave Traco a 22 percent stake in the firm.

"Mr. Stein has been quoted as saying he'd like to meet him," Meinert said of Carey M. Stein, the general counsel and corporate secretary of Hartmarx who recently was promoted to the additional posts of executive vice president and chief administrative officer. Stein admitted he still hasn't had the opportunity to meet Bakhsh.

Meinert then noted that two new directors, Talat Othman and Charles K. Olson, represent Bakhsh on the Hartmarx board. They are president and executive vice president, respectively, of Dearborn Financial.

"I want to know if they only represent him or the rest of us stockholders," said Meinert. Othman and Olson didn't respond.

"It's my personal view they were instrumental in keeping us out of bankruptcy," said Stein. "So they represent all of us."

After the meeting, however, Othman told Meinert that the Bakhsh group's position "is that we represent all stockholders. We think the company has a bright future."

The Hartmarx proxy statement gives no information about Bakhsh's other activities. Olson says he is a "semiretired businessman" in his 50s who received a master's degree from the University of Southern California. The name "Traco" stands for trading and construction. Bakhsh also bought 49 percent of a commodity futures trading firm last December. The 51 percent owner is Jack Sandner, chairman of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange.

A footnote: The proxy statement discloses that another 190,476 shares are held by Taiba Corp., which is "wholly owned by a Mr. Abdel Mohsen Y Abu Shukhaiden." He was not identified further. Bakhsh, it says, has "shared power" with him to vote Taiba's shares.

BUSINESS BEAT: A group called Beyond Beef plans a demonstration Saturday at the McDonald's restaurant at 600 N. Clark St. to protest the fast-food chain's heavy use of beef. It says similar demonstrations will be held at more than 3,000 McDonald's restaurants.

- Michael S. Reeves, executive VP of Peoples Gas Light & Coke Co., was elected chairman of the Better Business Bureau of Chicago and Northern Illinois....John L. Montgomery joined Grant Thornton as a partner and national director of management consulting after 20 years with KPMG Peat Marwick....Leonard C. Donohoe, senior VP and general counsel of Chicago Title & Trust Co., retired after 40 years with the company.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Investment Groups

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of investment groups and their role in the financial industry.

**Materials:** None

**Activity:** Discussion

**Introduction:** Investment groups are organizations that pool money from multiple investors to purchase assets, such as stocks or real estate. These groups can help individuals diversify their portfolios and reduce risk. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of investment groups and their role in the financial industry.

**Section 1: What is an Investment Group?**

An investment group is a company that pools money from multiple investors to purchase assets. These groups can be made up of individuals, institutions, or other companies. The goal of an investment group is to make a profit by buying and selling assets at a higher price than they initially paid.

**Section 2: How do Investment Groups Work?**

Investment groups work by pooling money from multiple investors to purchase assets. This allows individual investors to diversify their portfolios and reduce risk. The group is managed by a professional investment manager who makes decisions about when to buy and sell assets.

**Section 3: Types of Investment Groups**

There are several types of investment groups, including hedge funds, private equity firms, and venture capital firms. Hedge funds invest in a variety of assets, including stocks, bonds, and commodities. Private equity firms invest in privately held companies, while venture capital firms invest in startups.

**Section 4: Benefits of Investment Groups**

Investment groups offer several benefits to individual investors. These include diversification, professional management, and access to exclusive investment opportunities. By pooling money with other investors, individuals can reduce their risk and potentially increase their returns.

**Section 5: Risks of Investment Groups**

While investment groups offer many benefits, there are also risks associated with investing in these groups. These risks include high fees, lack of transparency, and the potential for fraud. It's important for investors to do their research and choose a reputable investment group before investing their money.

**Conclusion:** Investment groups play an important role in the financial industry by providing individuals with access to diverse investment opportunities. By pooling money from multiple investors, these groups can reduce risk and potentially increase returns. However, it's important for investors to carefully consider the risks and benefits of investing in an investment group before making a decision.

**Glossary:**
- **Investment Group:** A company that pools money from multiple investors to purchase assets.
- **Hedge Fund:** An investment fund that invests in a variety of assets, including stocks, bonds, and commodities.
- **Private Equity Firm:** A company that invests in privately held companies.
- **Venture Capital Firm:** A company that invests in startups.


text: AIA Lecturer: Ben Ford. Ben Ford is with the Department of Anthropology at the Indiana University of Pennsylvania. He holds his degrees from Texas A&M University (Ph.D.), the College of William and Mary, and the University of Cincinnati. His main research projects are the Lake Ontario War of 1812 Shipwrecks Project (combined geophysical/GPR, marine remote sensing, and diver survey for three War of 1812 shipwrecks in Lake Ontario), the Lake Ontario Maritime Cultural Landscape Project (integrated marine and terrestrial archaeological survey of the Lake Ontario littoral designed to analyze human interaction with the shore environment between 5000 BP and AD 1900), and Hanna’s Town Archaeology Project (archaeological investigation of the mid to late 18th century site of Hanna’s Town, Westmoreland County, PA). Dr. Ford is the AIA’s McCann-Taggart Lecturer for 2014/2015.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Archaeology

**Introduction**
Archaeology is the scientific study of the culture, history, and evolution of human societies through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains. It helps us understand how people lived in the past and provides valuable insights into their customs, beliefs, and technologies. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of archaeology, including its methods, techniques, and significance.

**Section 1: What is Archaeology?**
Archaeology is the study of the material culture and history of human societies. It involves the systematic recovery, identification, and analysis of the past through the excavation of sites and the examination of artifacts, such as tools, pottery, and buildings. Archaeologists use a variety of techniques to study the past, including fieldwork, laboratory analysis, and historical research.

**Section 2: How does Archaeology work?**
Archaeologists use several methods to study the past. These include:

1. Excavation: This involves digging up sites to uncover artifacts and other physical remains.
2. Survey: This involves mapping out the location of sites and recording their features.
3. Analysis: This involves examining artifacts and other physical remains in a laboratory setting to determine their age, function, and cultural context.
4. Interpretation: This involves using the data collected from excavation and analysis to draw conclusions about the past.

**Section 3: Why is Archaeology important?**
Archaeology is important because it helps us understand the past in a way that other disciplines cannot. By studying the material culture and history of human societies, we can learn about their customs, beliefs, and technologies. This knowledge can help us better understand our own society and culture. Additionally, archaeology can provide valuable information about the environment, climate, and ecology of the past, which can help us better understand how humans have interacted with their surroundings over time.

**Section 4: Conclusion**
In conclusion, archaeology is a fascinating and important field of study that helps us understand the past and its impact on the present. By studying the material culture and history of human societies, we can gain valuable insights into the customs, beliefs, and technologies of our ancestors. Archaeology also plays an important role in preserving and protecting our cultural heritage for future generations.

**Glossary**
- Material Culture: The physical objects, artifacts, and architecture created by a society.
- Artifact: An object made or modified by a human being.
- Excavation: The process of digging up sites to uncover artifacts and other physical remains.
- Survey: The process of mapping out the location of sites and recording their features.
- Analysis: The examination of artifacts and other physical remains in a laboratory setting to determine their age, function, and cultural context.
- Interpretation: The process of using the data collected from excavation and analysis to draw conclusions about the past.

**Self-Debating Discussion**
What do you think is the most important aspect of archaeology? Is it the study of artifacts, the analysis of sites, or the interpretation of the past? Why?


text: There are some great long exposure shots on this site that I have not been able to replicate, I get too much left right rotation. I have already removed blade guards (that helped some), installed new blades, calibrated the IMU and compass. Here's a shot, 3 seconds, 100 iso The moon is not round, and the lights are horizontal lines (they are dots in 1/2 second exposure shots). If that's the best the P3 can do that's fine, but I do wonder how others have done better. So I took a look at the sensor readings while the P3 sat still on the kitchen table, here's a video of them The x, y and z compass settings seems noisy oscillating in about a 15 something zone. Is this normal? What does your P3 do?

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Photography
## Section 1: The Basics of Photography
In this section, we will cover the basic principles of photography, including composition, lighting, and exposure.
### Subsection 1.1: Composition
Composition is the process of arranging visual elements in a photograph to create an interesting and balanced image. There are several composition techniques that photographers use to achieve this goal, including the rule of thirds, leading lines, and symmetry.
### Subsection 1.2: Lighting
Lighting is one of the most important elements of photography. It can dramatically change the mood and atmosphere of an image. Photographers use natural light or artificial light sources to create the desired effect.
### Subsection 1.3: Exposure
Exposure refers to the amount of light that reaches the camera sensor. It is measured in fractions of a second (1/100th, 1/250th, etc.) or in ISO values (100, 200, 400, etc.). The exposure triangle consists of shutter speed, aperture, and ISO, which work together to control the amount of light that enters the camera.
## Section 2: Long Exposure Photography
Long exposure photography is a technique that involves leaving the shutter open for several seconds or minutes to capture moving objects as blurred lines or trails. This type of photography requires a tripod and a slow shutter speed.
### Subsection 2.1: Equipment
To capture long exposure shots, you will need a tripod, a camera with manual settings, and a neutral density filter. A remote shutter release can also be useful to avoid camera shake.
### Subsection 2.2: Technique
To take a long exposure shot, set your camera to manual mode, set the aperture as wide as possible (to let in as much light as possible), and use a neutral density filter to reduce the amount of light entering the camera. Set the shutter speed to a slow value (e.g., 30 seconds) and use a remote shutter release to avoid camera shake.
## Section 3: Troubleshooting Common Problems
Even experienced photographers encounter problems when taking photos. In this section, we will discuss some common issues and their solutions.
### Subsection 3.1: Noise in Long Exposure Shots
Noise is a common problem in long exposure photography. To minimize noise, try using a lower ISO setting, shooting in RAW format, and processing the images with noise reduction software.
### Subsection 3.2: Vertical Lines in Long Exposure Shots
Vertical lines can appear in long exposure shots due to the camera's rolling shutter. To avoid this, use a tripod and turn off image stabilization if necessary.
## Conclusion
Photography is a fun and creative hobby that allows us to capture memories and share our vision with others. By understanding the basics of composition, lighting, and exposure, and by mastering long exposure techniques, we can create stunning images that tell a story.


text: Lean Coaching. Coaching Clients to Sustainable results. Lean coaching specialists helping over 100+ clients over 20 years in North America, South America, Europe and Asia. Lean Coaching focuses not just of making recommendations (Know-What), but also of leading clients through the obstacles encountered during implementation (Know-How).. 0 +. Clients. 0. Years In Service. 0. Office locations. 0 +. Sustainable ROI. Industry Experts. Lean experts specializing in numerous industries<<

textbook:
Lesson: Lean Coaching - A Methodology for Sustainable Results

Introduction:
Lean coaching is a methodology that helps individuals and organizations achieve sustainable results. It is a systematic approach that focuses on identifying and eliminating waste in processes, products, and services. This lesson will introduce you to the principles of lean coaching, its benefits, and how it can be applied in various industries.

Section 1: What is Lean Coaching?
Lean coaching is a type of coaching that focuses on helping individuals and organizations improve their processes, products, and services by eliminating waste. Waste is defined as anything that does not add value to the customer. Lean coaching is based on the principles of the Toyota Production System (TPS) and the Toyota Way.

Benefits of Lean Coaching:
1. Improved efficiency: By eliminating waste, lean coaching helps organizations become more efficient, which leads to cost savings and increased profitability.
2. Improved quality: Lean coaching focuses on improving quality by identifying and eliminating defects in products and services.
3. Improved customer satisfaction: By eliminating waste and improving quality, lean coaching helps organizations provide better products and services to their customers.
4. Improved employee engagement: Lean coaching involves employees in the process improvement process, which leads to increased engagement and job satisfaction.

Section 2: How does Lean Coaching work?
Lean coaching works by focusing on continuous improvement. It involves identifying areas where waste can be eliminated and implementing changes that will lead to improved efficiency, quality, and customer satisfaction. Lean coaching is a systematic approach that involves the following steps:

1. Define the problem: The first step in lean coaching is to identify the problem that needs to be addressed. This may involve conducting an analysis of the current process and identifying areas where waste exists.
2. Identify the root cause: Once the problem has been defined, the next step is to identify the root cause of the problem. This may involve conducting a root cause analysis to determine what is causing the waste.
3. Develop a plan: After the root cause has been identified, a plan must be developed to eliminate the waste. This may involve implementing new processes or technologies, or making changes to existing processes.
4. Implement the plan: Once the plan has been developed, it must be implemented. This may involve training employees, implementing new processes or technologies, or making changes to existing processes.
5. Measure and monitor progress: After the plan has been implemented, progress must be measured and monitored to ensure that the desired results are achieved. This may involve tracking key performance indicators (KPIs) and making adjustments as needed.

Section 3: Applications of Lean Coaching
Lean coaching can be applied in various industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, finance, and education. Here are some examples of how lean coaching can be applied:

1. Manufacturing: Lean coaching can be used to improve production processes by eliminating waste and improving quality. For example, a manufacturer may use lean coaching to reduce the time it takes to produce a product, reduce defects, and improve customer satisfaction.
2. Healthcare: Lean coaching can be used to improve patient care by reducing wait times, improving quality, and reducing costs. For example, a hospital may use lean coaching to reduce the time patients spend in the emergency room, reduce the number of medical errors, and improve patient satisfaction.
3. Finance: Lean coaching can be used to improve financial processes by eliminating waste and improving efficiency. For example, a bank may use lean coaching to reduce the time it takes to process loans, reduce the number of errors, and improve customer satisfaction.
4. Education: Lean coaching can be used to improve educational processes by eliminating waste and improving quality. For example, a school may use lean coaching to reduce the time it takes to grade assignments, reduce the number of errors, and improve student satisfaction.

Conclusion:
Lean coaching is a powerful methodology that can help individuals and organizations achieve sustainable results. By focusing on continuous improvement and eliminating waste, lean coaching can lead to increased efficiency, quality, and customer satisfaction. Whether you are in manufacturing, healthcare, finance, or education, lean coaching can be applied to improve processes and achieve better outcomes.


text:
Frank John Powell

Frank John Powell (15 March 1891 – 31 October 1971), was a British Liberal Party politician and magistrate.

Personal life
He was the son of Francis Cox Powell and was educated at Rutlish School and Inns of Court. He married Irene Hesse Wyatt in 1915 and they had two sons and one daughter. His wife died in 1955. He married Joan Selley, who died in 1965. He married Betty Edelson who died in 1971.

Career
He was with the Queen's Westminster Rifles from 1910–14 and then a Captain in the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry from 1914–18 and was gassed at the Battle of Loos in 1915. He was Called to the Bar, Middle Temple, in 1921. He practised in London and on the South East circuit.  He was then  a Metropolitan Police Magistrate from 1936–63; Greenwich and Woolwich 1936–40, Tower Bridge 1940–42 and Clerkenwell 1942–63. He was appointed a Justice of the Peace for Surrey in 1937. He was Hon. Legal adviser to the New Malden Citizens Advice Bureau from 1939–46 and was a Member of Council of the Magistrates Association from 1942–60. He was a Member of the Chairmen’s Panel, of the Metropolitan Juvenile Courts, 1946–52.

Political career
He was on the executive committee of the National Young Life Campaign. He was Liberal candidate for the Kingston-upon-Thames Division of Surrey at the 1929 General Election. Kingston was a safe Conservative seat that they had won at every election since it was created in 1885. Along with the national trend, Powell was able to increase the Liberal vote share;

Following the formation of the National Government in 1931, there was another General Election. As a consequence, the Liberal Party did not run a candidate in Kingston against the Conservative who was the sitting National government candidate. Powell was Chairman of the Malden branch of the League of Nations Union. He was Liberal candidate again for the Kingston-upon-Thames Division of Surrey at the 1935 General Election. By then, the electoral fortunes of the party were in decline and he came a poor third;

An opportunity came to contest the seat again at the Kingston upon Thames by-election, 1937, but the Liberal party did not field a candidate. He was Chairman of the National Association of Homes and Hostels, 1955–60. He was President of the  Probation Officers Christian Fellowship, 1954–66.

External links
Photographs of Powell at the National Portrait Gallery: http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp68942/frank-john-powell

References

Category:1891 births
Category:1971 deaths

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Mathematics

### Overview
In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of mathematics. We will cover topics such as numbers, algebra, geometry, and statistics. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to perform basic mathematical operations, understand the principles of algebra, and apply mathematical concepts to real-world scenarios.

### Section 1: Numbers

**Topic 1: Whole numbers**
Whole numbers are the basic building blocks of mathematics. They are used to count and represent quantities that cannot be divided into smaller parts. Examples of whole numbers include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and so on.

**Topic 2: Integers**
Integers are whole numbers that can be positive, negative, or zero. They include both positive and negative numbers, as well as zero. Examples of integers include -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on.

**Topic 3: Fractions**
Fractions are parts of a whole. They are used to represent portions of a quantity. Fractions are written as a/b, where a is the numerator and b is the denominator. Examples of fractions include 1/2, 3/4, 1/8, and so on.

**Topic 4: Decimals**
Decimals are similar to fractions, but they represent a part of a whole rather than a portion of a quantity. Decimals are written as 1.2, 3.4, and so on.

**Topic 5: Percents**
Percents are another way of representing fractions or decimals. They are written as a/100, where a is the numerator and 100 is the denominator. Examples of percents include 25%, 50%, and 75%.

### Section 2: Algebra

**Topic 1: Variables**
Variables are letters or symbols that represent unknown values in an equation. They are used to solve for a missing value in a mathematical expression.

**Topic 2: Equations**
Equations are mathematical statements that use variables to represent unknown values. They are used to solve for a missing value in a mathematical expression.

**Topic 3: Expressions**
Expressions are combinations of numbers, variables, and operations that represent a mathematical statement. They can be used to solve for a missing value in an equation.

**Topic 4: Operations**
Operations are the basic mathematical processes that involve addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. These operations can be used to manipulate expressions and equations to solve for missing values.

### Section 3: Geometry

**Topic 1: Shapes**
Shapes are the basic building blocks of geometry. They include circles, squares, triangles, and rectangles, among others.

**Topic 2: Angles**
Angles are the corners of shapes. They are measured in degrees or radians, depending on the shape.

**Topic 3: Lines**
Lines are the basic units of length. They can be straight or curved, and they can be used to create shapes and angles.

**Topic 4: Area**
Area is the measurement of the surface of a shape. It is calculated by multiplying the length and width of a rectangle or the radius and diameter of a circle.

### Section 4: Statistics

**Topic 1: Data**
Data is information that is collected and analyzed to answer questions and make decisions.

**Topic 2: Graphs**
Graphs are visual representations of data. They can be used to display patterns, trends, and relationships between variables.

**Topic 3: Measurement**
Measurement is the process of assigning numbers to objects or events to describe their characteristics.

**Topic 4: Probability**
Probability is the likelihood of an event occurring. It is calculated by dividing the number of successful outcomes by the total number of possible outcomes.

### Conclusion
In conclusion, mathematics is a powerful tool that can be used to solve problems and make decisions. By understanding the basics of numbers, algebra, geometry, and statistics, we can apply mathematical concepts to real-world scenarios and gain valuable insights.


text: Services. Waterproofing. Thermal Insulation. The great success of the Inverted roof concept is that it protects the membrane from all stress like temperature, thermal cycling and high Ultra-Violet radiation from Sun by having the Thermal Insulation over the membrane rather than under it as in the case of conventional roofs. Concrete Restoration. ASE has over the years used quality materials as a patching and repair materials of deteriorated concrete in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia successfully. In particular, the performance of these materials in coastal areas has been excellent

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Importance of Roofing Materials

Introduction:
Roofing materials are essential components of any building. They provide protection against weather elements such as rain, snow, wind, and sunlight. However, not all roofing materials are created equal. Some materials are more durable and long-lasting than others. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of selecting the right roofing materials for your building.

Section 1: Understanding the Different Types of Roofing Materials

There are several types of roofing materials available in the market today. These include asphalt shingles, metal roofing, tile roofing, and rubber roofing. Each type of material has its unique properties and benefits.

Asphalt Shingles:
Asphalt shingles are the most common type of roofing material used in residential buildings. They are affordable, easy to install, and come in various colors and styles. Asphalt shingles are also relatively easy to repair, making them a popular choice for homeowners.

Metal Roofing:
Metal roofing is a durable and long-lasting option for commercial and industrial buildings. Metal roofing materials such as aluminum, copper, and steel are resistant to fire, wind, and hail damage. They also reflect sunlight, reducing energy costs during hot summer months.

Tile Roofing:
Tile roofing is a popular choice for homes in warm climates. Clay tiles are naturally fire-resistant, and they also provide excellent insulation against heat. Concrete tiles are lightweight and easy to install, making them an affordable option for homeowners.

Rubber Roofing:
Rubber roofing is a flexible and waterproof material that can be used on flat roofs. It is an environmentally friendly option, as it is made from recycled materials. Rubber roofing is also resistant to UV rays, making it a durable choice for buildings in sunny climates.

Section 2: Importance of Selecting the Right Roofing Materials

The type of roofing material you choose will depend on several factors, including the climate, building design, and budget. Here are some reasons why selecting the right roofing materials is essential:

1. Durability: Some roofing materials are more durable than others. For example, metal roofing can last up to 50 years, while asphalt shingles typically last between 15 to 20 years. Choosing a more durable material will save you money in the long run, as you won't have to replace your roof as often.

2. Energy Efficiency: Some roofing materials have better insulation properties than others. For example, tile roofing provides excellent insulation against heat, reducing energy costs during hot summer months. Choosing an energy-efficient material will help you save money on utility bills.

3. Weather Resistance: Different roofing materials have varying levels of resistance to weather elements such as wind, hail, and rain. For example, metal roofing is resistant to wind damage, making it a popular choice for commercial buildings in areas prone to hurricanes.

Section 3: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios

Let's consider a scenario where a homeowner needs to replace their roof. They live in an area that experiences hot summers and cold winters. Based on our understanding of the different types of roofing materials, we would recommend tile or metal roofing. Tile roofing provides excellent insulation against heat, reducing energy costs during hot summer months. Metal roofing is durable and long-lasting, providing protection against wind and hail damage.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, selecting the right roofing materials for your building is essential. Consider factors such as durability, energy efficiency, and weather resistance when choosing your roofing material. By doing so, you can ensure that your building is protected from weather elements and save money on repairs and maintenance in the long run.


text:
[Retinal central vein occlusion in remission of Crohn's disease: case report].
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Both diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestines. The advances in understanding the inflammatory process improved the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The systemic complications of inflammatory bowel disease involve several organs included the eyes. The incidence of eye complications in IBD is unknown, but according to the literature the incidence vary between 3.5% and 11.8%. The ophthalmic complications are usually of inflammatory origin. We report a case of a patient with Crohn's disease that developed central retinal vein occlusion and papillophlebitis without any other retinal vascular disease during remission. The aim of this paper is to reinforce the importance of complete ophthalmic examination perform as a routine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

textbook:
Lesson: Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Eye Complications

Introduction:
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Both diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestines. The advances in understanding the inflammatory process improved the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The systemic complications of IBD involve several organs included the eyes. The incidence of eye complications in IBD is unknown, but according to the literature the incidence vary between 3.5% and 11.8%. The ophthalmic complications are usually of inflammatory origin.

Main Topics:
1. Introduction to IBD
2. Eye Complications in IBD
3. Case Report of Retinal Central Vein Occlusion in Crohn's Disease
4. Importance of Ophthalmic Examination in IBD Patients

Sub-Topics:
1. Definition and Types of IBD
2. Pathophysiology of IBD
3. Risk Factors for Eye Complications in IBD
4. Clinical Features of Eye Complications in IBD
5. Management of Eye Complications in IBD
6. Role of Ophthalmologist in IBD Patients

Theoretical Concepts:
- Definition of IBD
- Types of IBD
- Pathophysiology of IBD
- Risk Factors for Eye Complications in IBD
- Clinical Features of Eye Complications in IBD
- Management of Eye Complications in IBD
- Role of Ophthalmologist in IBD Patients

Practical Examples:
- Real-life example of a patient with Crohn's disease developing retinal central vein occlusion and papillophlebitis during remission
- Discussion on the possible mechanisms behind this complication
- Analysis of the impact of IBD on the ocular system

Questions and Answers:
- What is IBD?
- What are the types of IBD?
- What is the pathophysiology of IBD?
- What are the risk factors for eye complications in IBD?
- What are the clinical features of eye complications in IBD?
- How is eye disease in IBD managed?
- What is the role of an ophthalmologist in IBD patients?

Definitions:
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): A group of inflammatory conditions that affect the colon and small intestine
- Crohn's disease: A type of IBD that causes chronic inflammation of the digestive tract
- Ulcerative colitis: A type of IBD that causes inflammation and sores in the lining of the rectum and colon
- Retinal vein occlusion: A blockage of the small blood vessels that carry blood away from the retina
- Papillophlebitis: Inflammation of the optic disc and its blood vessels

Conclusion:
Understanding the relationship between IBD and eye complications is crucial for the management of these patients. Ophthalmic examination should be performed routinely in IBD patients to detect and manage eye complications early. This case report highlights the importance of complete ophthalmic examination in IBD patients even during remission.

Glossary:
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
- Crohn's disease
- Ulcerative colitis
- Retinal vein occlusion
- Papillophlebitis

Self-Debate Discussion:
- Why is it important to perform ophthalmic examination in IBD patients?
- What are the potential consequences of not performing ophthalmic examination in IBD patients?
- How can ophthalmologists contribute to the management of IBD patients?

In summary, this lesson provides an overview of IBD and its eye complications, including a case report of retinal central vein occlusion in Crohn's disease. The lesson emphasizes the importance of complete ophthalmic examination in IBD patients and highlights the role of ophthalmologists in managing these patients.