text:
Q:

Software licensing mechanism without internet

I've developed software that I want to protect with licensing. So far I've got code that uses the details of hardware components to generate a unique ID for each machine. I can then permit the activation of 5 machines against one single serial key (5 machines per license is what I'm selling).
This all works fine, but obviously only on machines that have internet connection. Is this just a limitation of this sort of protection and there's nothing I can do about it? Or is there a way I can tackle this problem?
NB: At this point, in this thread, I'm not open to critique regarding the way in which I've generated the unique ID, this is the method I've chosen and, rather ignorantly, need to stick by for a few reasons.

A:

I think you have several options:

As described in the comment, don't make your license floating but machine specific by incorporating the unique IDs of all allowed machines in the key. Upon startup check the unique ID of the current machine against the key
Use your current approach but with the difference that the server is not on your side but on customers premise, i.e. a license server the customer needs to install somewhere.
Implement some kind of self check: Each running instance sends its unique ID into the network and in turn listens for the unique IDs of other running instances. The first instance that receives more than four unique IDs via the network shuts itself down. I guess this could be implemented using UDP broadcasts. The implementation of this is not that trivial:

You need to make sure that exiting one instance and starting a new one right afterwards doesn't lead to a shutdown elsewhere.
Furthermore, you might want to implement a check that the machine is indeed networked

If I were to implement something like that, I would introduce the following three package types:

Start: Instance just started and broadcasts its ID for the first time. All other instances need to broadcast their own ID as an answer. The reason for this is twofold:

Fail fast
Ideally, the instance that has been started last should exit if the maximum number of allowed instances has been exceeded. It would not be ideal if one of the already running instances would shut down.

Periodic: All instances periodically send their unique ID, just in case a previous transmission was missed
Exit: If one instance is closed it tells this fact the other instances

In all cases, you should think about encoding the number of allowed instances into the key, so you can later hand out differently sized keys.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Generate Unique IDs for Software Licensing

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to generate unique IDs for software licensing without the need for an internet connection. This is important because many software licenses rely on online activation or verification, which can be problematic if the user's machine does not have internet access.

Theory:
To generate a unique ID for software licensing, we can use various methods such as hardware component information, machine name, or a combination of both. This ID will be used to identify the machine and ensure that it is not already activated under another license.

Practice:
1. Hardware Component Information:
We can use the unique identifiers of hardware components such as the MAC address of the network card, motherboard serial number, or CPU ID to generate a unique ID for the machine. This ID will be different for each machine and can be used to identify it.

Example:
```python
import platform
import uuid

def generate_id():
    mac_address = platform.node()
    serial_number = platform.machine()
    cpu_id = platform.cpu()
    return str(uuid.uuid4()) + mac_address + serial_number + cpu_id

print(generate_id())
```

2. Machine Name:
We can also use the machine name as part of the unique ID. This can be obtained using the `platform.node()` function in Python.

Example:
```python
import platform
import uuid

def generate_id():
    mac_address = platform.node()
    serial_number = platform.machine()
    cpu_id = platform.cpu()
    return str(uuid.uuid4()) + mac_address + serial_number + cpu_id

print(generate_id())
```

3. Combination of Both:
We can also combine both methods to generate a more secure and unique ID for the machine.

Example:
```python
import platform
import uuid

def generate_id():
    mac_address = platform.node()
    serial_number = platform.machine()
    cpu_id = platform.cpu()
    return str(uuid.uuid4()) + mac_address + serial_number + cpu_id

print(generate_id())
```

Conclusion:
By generating a unique ID for each machine, we can ensure that the software is only activated on the intended machine and not on other machines. This can help prevent piracy and ensure that the software is only used by paying customers.

Glossary:
- Unique ID: A string of characters that uniquely identifies a machine.
- MAC address: Media Access Control address, a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces.
- Machine name: The name given to the machine by the user.
- UUID: Universally Unique Identifier, a 128-bit number used to identify objects.


text: 6, or pyridoxine, is essential for carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism.†. Nature Made® Vitamin B6 should be avoided when taking:. Vitamin B6.. Protein rich foods such as extra-lean meat, chicken, fish, soybeans, cooked dried beans and peas, wheat germ, brewer's yeast, and peanuts. Other good sources include avocados, bananas, cabbage, cauliflower, potatoes and whole grain breads and cereals.. Vitamin B6 plays a role in converting food into cellular energy. It is also essential in red blood cell formation

source: refinedweb

textbook:
## Lesson: Understanding the Importance of Vitamin B6

### Section 1: Introduction to Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine, is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in the body's metabolism. It helps in breaking down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which are necessary for energy production and overall health. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of vitamin B6, its sources, and its role in the body.

### Section 2: Understanding the Role of Vitamin B6 in the Body
Vitamin B6 is involved in several biochemical reactions in the body, including the synthesis of neurotransmitters, hormones, and hemoglobin. It also helps regulate the immune system and supports the development and function of red blood cells. Additionally, vitamin B6 plays a vital role in the conversion of food into energy, making it an essential nutrient for people of all ages.

### Section 3: Sources of Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 can be found in many foods, including:
- Meat: extra-lean meat, chicken, fish
- Dairy: whey protein
- Grains: whole grain breads and cereals
- Vegetables: avocados, bananas, cabbage, cauliflower, potatoes
- Legumes: cooked dried beans and peas
- Nuts: peanuts

### Section 4: Precautions and Interactions
While vitamin B6 is generally considered safe, taking excessive amounts can lead to side effects such as nerve damage, skin sensitivity, and increased risk of bleeding. Therefore, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before taking any supplements, especially if you are taking medication or have a medical condition.

### Section 5: Conclusion
Understanding the importance of vitamin B6 and its role in the body is crucial for maintaining good health. By consuming foods rich in vitamin B6 and avoiding potential interactions, you can ensure that you are getting enough of this essential nutrient. Remember, always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any supplementation, and use this lesson as a foundation for understanding the importance of vitamin B6 in your diet.


text: After joining the Dutch AI Coalition – supported by the Dutch Government – in November 2019 we have now also joined the European AI Alliance. This alliance is hosted by the European Commission and hosts numerous AI-related projects and seminars.. Focus on the future. As Artificial Intelligence is embedding more and more into our daily lives, we find it important to stay atop its development. One of our key focus points in the Dutch AI Coalition is Societal Acceptation and Inclusion. It’s with the same vision that we have entered the European AI Alliance. As an institute, we are doing continuous research into innovations, AI, and its impact on humans and businesses. We’re planning on sharing our findings and collaborating with other members and key decision-makers within the coalition and alliance.. We’re looking forward to contributing to the alliance and are hoping to both gain – as well as share knowledge about humans and innovations for a better future for everyone.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI)

## Section 1: What is Artificial Intelligence?
Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and act like humans. AI has become an essential part of our daily lives, from voice assistants like Siri and Alexa to self-driving cars and smart homes.

## Section 2: How does AI work?
AI works by using algorithms, which are sets of instructions that a computer can follow to solve a problem or perform a task. These algorithms are designed to learn from experience, so the more data they process, the better they become at solving problems and making decisions.

## Section 3: Why is AI important?
AI is important because it has the potential to revolutionize many aspects of our lives, from healthcare and education to transportation and manufacturing. By automating tasks and making them more efficient, AI can help us save time and resources while improving the quality of our lives.

## Section 4: What are some examples of AI applications?
Some examples of AI applications include chatbots, virtual assistants, self-driving cars, drones, and robots. These technologies use AI to perform tasks that would otherwise require human intervention, such as answering customer queries, scheduling appointments, and delivering packages.

## Section 5: What are the benefits of AI?
The benefits of AI include increased efficiency, improved accuracy, and enhanced decision-making capabilities. AI can help us make better decisions by analyzing large amounts of data and identifying patterns that would be difficult for humans to detect. Additionally, AI can automate repetitive tasks, freeing up human workers to focus on more complex and creative endeavors.

## Section 6: What are the risks of AI?
The risks of AI include job displacement, privacy concerns, and the potential for AI to be used for malicious purposes. As AI becomes more advanced, there is a risk that it could replace human workers, leading to widespread unemployment. Additionally, AI systems rely on data to function, raising concerns about privacy and the potential for misuse of personal information. Finally, there is a risk that AI could be used to create fake news or manipulate public opinion.

## Conclusion:
In conclusion, AI is a powerful tool that has the potential to transform our lives in countless ways. By understanding how AI works and its benefits and risks, we can make informed decisions about how to use this technology responsibly and effectively. Whether you're interested in pursuing a career in AI or simply want to understand how it works, this introduction to AI provides a solid foundation for further exploration.

## Glossary:
- Algorithms: A set of instructions that a computer can follow to solve a problem or perform a task.
- Machine Learning: A subset of AI that involves training algorithms to learn from data and make predictions or decisions based on that data.
- Deep Learning: A type of machine learning that uses neural networks to simulate the workings of the human brain.
- Natural Language Processing (NLP): A field of study that focuses on how computers can understand and interpret human language.
- Robotics: The design, construction, and operation of robots that can perform tasks autonomously or under human supervision.


text:
Necessity of newly synthesized ATP by creatine kinase for contraction of permeabilized longitudinal muscle preparations of rat proximal colon.
Necessity of newly synthesized ATP by creatine kinase for synthesis of ATP as an energy source for smooth muscle contraction was studied in permeabilized longitudinal muscle preparations of rat proximal colon. In alpha-toxin-permeabilized preparations, Ca++ induced "phasic type" contraction in a normal bath solution containing 4 mM ATP and 5 mM phosphocreatine. Omission of phosphocreatine from the solution resulted in significant decrease in phasic contraction, and omission of ATP resulted in loss of the response to Ca++. When ADP, but not adenosine-5-O-(2-thiodiphosphate), with phosphocreatine was added as a substitute for ATP, Ca++ induced the same type of contraction as with ATP. The maximum tensions of the phasic and tonic phases of the contraction with ADP were approximately 60% of, and almost the same, respectively as those with ATP. A selective inhibitor of creatine kinase, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, inhibited the phasic contraction induced by Ca++. After irreversible inhibition of endogenous creatine kinase by DNFB in beta-escin-permeabilized preparations, treatment of the preparations with exogenous creatine kinase restored Ca(++)-induced contraction. These findings suggest that ATP synthesized from ADP and phosphocreatine by creatine kinase was necessary for phasic contraction of permeabilized smooth muscle and that exogenous ATP was mainly used after its hydrolysis to ADP.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson Title: Understanding the Necessity of ATP Synthesis for Muscle Contraction

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of ATP synthesis for muscle contraction. We will explore the role of creatine kinase in this process and how it affects the contraction of the rat proximal colon's longitudinal muscles.

Section 1: Understanding Muscle Contraction

Muscle contraction is a complex process that involves the interaction of actin and myosin filaments. This process requires energy, which is provided by ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP is a molecule that stores energy and is essential for many cellular processes, including muscle contraction.

Section 2: The Role of Creatine Kinase in Muscle Contraction

Creatine kinase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of ATP. It helps in the conversion of ADP (adenosine diphosphate) to ATP, which is necessary for muscle contraction. In addition, creatine kinase also helps in the regeneration of creatine phosphate, which is used as a source of energy during muscle contraction.

Section 3: The Importance of ATP Synthesis for Muscle Contraction

ATP synthesis is essential for muscle contraction because it provides the energy required for the interaction between actin and myosin filaments. Without ATP, the muscle fibers cannot contract, and the muscle will not function properly.

Section 4: Experiment to Demonstrate the Importance of ATP Synthesis for Muscle Contraction

In an experiment conducted on permeabilized longitudinal muscle preparations of rat proximal colon, it was observed that the absence of ATP resulted in the loss of the response to Ca++. When ADP, but not adenosine-5-O-(2-thiodiphosphate), with phosphocreatine was added as a substitute for ATP, Ca++ induced the same type of contraction as with ATP.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, ATP synthesis is essential for muscle contraction, and creatine kinase plays a crucial role in this process. Without ATP, muscle fibers cannot contract, and the muscle will not function properly. Understanding the importance of ATP synthesis for muscle contraction can help us appreciate the complexity of cellular processes that underlie muscle function.

Glossary:

- ATP: Adenosine triphosphate - the primary energy currency of the cell
- Creatine kinase: An enzyme that helps in the synthesis of ATP
- Phasic contraction: A type of muscle contraction characterized by rapid, short-lived force generation
- Tonic contraction: A type of muscle contraction characterized by sustained force generation
- Permeabilized: A state where the cell membrane is temporarily disrupted, allowing the passage of substances into the cell.

[Hide]


text:
Consumer sentiment nudged up in China in January, as an improvement in the outlook for personal finances offset downbeat expectations for business conditions, a survey showed Wednesday.

The Westpac China Consumer Sentiment Indicator rose to 114.9 this month, up from 113.7 in December and the highest level since September, with the survey suggesting that the sharp fall in share prices had no material impact on overall consumer confidence.

Three of the five components that make up the index rose, including expectations for business conditions in five years' time and expectations for personal finances. Survey respondents - consumers across 30 Chinese cities ranging from tier 1 to tier 3 - were more pessimistic about business conditions in one year's time.

"The survey again highlights that, for China's consumers, equity and broader financial market swings are less important for their direct impact on personal finances than the implied message about prospects for the economy," Westpac senior economist Matthew Hassan said.

"The first read for 2016 shows a stable but subdued consumer mood, with slightly more positive attitudes towards housing and durable purchases."

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Consumer Sentiment

### Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Consumer sentiment refers to the general attitude or mood of consumers towards spending and purchasing. It is an important indicator of economic activity, as it reflects the willingness of consumers to spend money and drive demand. In this lesson, we will explore the concept of consumer sentiment, its components, and how it is measured.

### Section 2: Questions and Answers

1. What is consumer sentiment?
- Consumer sentiment refers to the general attitude or mood of consumers towards spending and purchasing.

2. How is consumer sentiment measured?
- Consumer sentiment is typically measured through surveys, where consumers are asked about their attitudes towards spending and purchasing.

3. What are the components of consumer sentiment?
- The components of consumer sentiment vary depending on the survey, but generally include current and expected business conditions, personal finances, and labor market conditions.

4. Why is consumer sentiment important?
- Consumer sentiment is important because it reflects the willingness of consumers to spend money and drive demand. A positive consumer sentiment can lead to increased spending and economic growth, while a negative consumer sentiment can lead to decreased spending and economic contraction.

### Section 3: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios

Let's say that a company wants to launch a new product. To determine whether it is a good idea, the company would want to know the consumer sentiment towards similar products. They could conduct a survey to measure consumer sentiment and use the results to make a decision on whether to launch the product.

### Glossary

- Consumer sentiment: The general attitude or mood of consumers towards spending and purchasing.
- Components: The different parts that make up something.
- Surveys: A method of collecting data by asking people questions.
- Attitudes: A person's feelings or opinions towards something.
- Mood: A person's emotional state.
- Spending: The act of using money to buy goods or services.
- Purchasing: The act of buying something.
- Demand: The amount of goods or services that people want to buy.
- Economic activity: The production and consumption of goods and services in an economy.
- Indicator: A measure that provides information about a certain aspect.

### Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about consumer sentiment and how it is measured. We also explored the importance of consumer sentiment in driving economic activity and the practical applications of measuring consumer sentiment. By understanding consumer sentiment, businesses can make informed decisions about product launches and marketing strategies.


text: Culture Guides. Destination Guides. Baby Book Club: Autumn 2018 at Bluecoat, City Centre, 11 September–13 November 2018, from £35 - Book now. It’s never too early to start reading together. The popular Baby Book Club at The Bluecoat returns with a course of 10 weekly sessions for parents and carers with babies aged from 3 to 12 months.. The course has been designed by arts practitioners to help new parents to develop their reading skills and techniques while encouraging their babies to engage with different books. Each session includes discussion and sharing time, book recommendations and reviews.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Culture Guides and Destination Guides
Level: Primary School
Objective: To introduce students to the concept of culture guides and destination guides and their importance in travel and tourism.
Introduction: Culture guides and destination guides are essential tools for travelers who want to learn about different cultures and places. They provide information on customs, traditions, history, and attractions that can help travelers make informed decisions about where to go and what to do. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of culture guides and destination guides and how they can enhance your travel experiences.
Section 1: What are Culture Guides and Destination Guides?
Culture guides are books or online resources that provide information about a particular culture or place. They may include details about the local customs, traditions, and history, as well as recommendations for attractions and activities. Destination guides, on the other hand, are similar but focus specifically on travel destinations. They may include information about accommodations, transportation, and things to do in a particular area.
Section 2: Why are Culture Guides and Destination Guides Important?
Culture guides and destination guides are important because they help travelers understand and respect the customs and traditions of the places they visit. They also provide valuable information about attractions and activities that can help travelers make the most of their trips. By using these guides, travelers can avoid cultural faux pas and enjoy a more authentic travel experience.
Section 3: How to Use Culture Guides and Destination Guides
To use culture guides and destination guides effectively, travelers should read them thoroughly before their trips. They should also bring along a copy of the guide when they travel so they can refer to it as needed. Additionally, travelers should be open-minded and willing to try new things, even if they are outside of their comfort zones.
Conclusion: In conclusion, culture guides and destination guides are essential tools for travelers who want to learn about different cultures and places. By using these guides, travelers can enhance their travel experiences and avoid cultural faux pas. Remember to read the guide thoroughly before your trip and bring along a copy when you travel. Happy travels!
Glossary:
Culture Guide: A book or online resource that provides information about a particular culture or place.
Destination Guide: A book or online resource that provides information about a specific travel destination.
Customs: The traditional behavior, beliefs, and practices of a particular culture.
Traditions: The beliefs, values, and behaviors that are passed down from generation to generation within a particular culture.
Attractions: Places of interest that tourists visit for leisure, entertainment, or education.
Activities: Things to do, such as tours, adventures, or recreational pursuits.


text: Lyrics. Standing in front of my own reflection, I blinked my eyes and was gone for awhile.. Lost my defenses and my sense of direction down to the days of the telephone dial.. Some say a mirror is the devil’s window, and vanity will make you nuts.. Just remember when it’s your neck on the line that vampires always get bad haircuts.. See into me – I’ll see into you. Facing each other ‘till the rest of the world is gone.. We are mirror people – so what comes between us can see itself go on and on.. Objects may be closer than they appear, but that’s only when you’re looking behind you.. All I want is to have you near, and never let it be said that I tried to bind you.. Light will shed on me for you, Dear, it covers the ceiling the walls and the floors. So that when you wake up to find I’m not here. You can remember that it’s you I adored.

textbook:
Lesson: Mirror People - A Song Analysis
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will analyze the lyrics of the song "Mirror People" by Neil Sedaka. We will examine the themes, symbols, and literary devices used in the song to understand its meaning and message.
Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is to teach students how to analyze and interpret the meaning of a piece of literature. This skill is essential for understanding and appreciating any work of art, including music.
Section 1: Themes and Symbols
The song "Mirror People" explores the theme of reflection and self-image. The mirror is used as a symbol of reflection, both literally and metaphorically. The lyrics also touch on the idea of vanity and the superficial nature of appearances.
Section 2: Literary Devices
The song uses several literary devices to convey its message. One of the most prominent is personification, where the mirror is given human qualities such as seeing and speaking. Another device used is alliteration, which adds rhythm and emphasis to certain words and phrases.
Section 3: Analysis and Interpretation
By examining the themes and symbols used in the song, we can infer that the message of "Mirror People" is about the superficial nature of appearances and the dangers of being too focused on them. The song suggests that we should look beyond the surface and focus on what truly matters, such as love and connection.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, analyzing the lyrics of "Mirror People" has taught us about the importance of looking beyond appearances and focusing on what truly matters. By applying this skill to other works of literature, we can gain a deeper understanding and appreciation for the arts.
Glossary:
- Theme: A central idea or message in a work of literature.
- Symbol: An object or image that represents a deeper meaning or concept.
- Personification: Giving human qualities to non-human objects or ideas.
- Alliteration: The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words in a sentence or phrase.


text: pig, pig, pig, ram, ewe, ewe, ewe,. cow, cow, goat, goat, pony, pony,. hen, rooster, goose, duck, pigeon, turkey, fox,. rat, rat, dog, dog, cat, cat, fox,. bear, bear, wolf, wolf, lion, lion, lion.. Ill admit some are better than others, but I think they work out quite consistently in style and sizing. They should add a fair bit of flavour to overworld settings - little hobbit peasants herding geese, bears in caves, foxes going after chickens.. ...perhaps I want to make a farm Sim and not a roguelike. :¬). I love, love, love these. There's a real 8-bittiness to them, even the ones with quite a few distinct colours. It's partly the charm of how the small scale forces a graphic artist to suggest the shape, rather than outright depict it.. I'm favourably reminded of the classic Sinclair Spectrum game Chaos, which had wizards summoning creatures fantastic and mundane to fight against each other, all on a single black screen/board.. tl;dr - Nice pixels, sir!

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Animal Classification

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Animal classification is the process of identifying and categorizing animals based on their shared characteristics. This process helps scientists understand the relationships between different species and groups them into categories such as mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.

## Section 2: Questions and Answers

1. What are the main categories of animal classification?
- Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.

2. How do scientists classify animals?
- Scientists use a system called the Linnaean taxonomy, which categorizes animals based on their physical and genetic traits.

3. Why is animal classification important?
- Animal classification helps scientists understand the relationships between different species and groups them into categories that share common characteristics.

4. What are some examples of animal classification?
- Examples of animal classification include lions being part of the cat family, dolphins being part of the cetacean order, and koalas being part of the marsupial group.

## Section 3: Practical Examples and Real-World Scenarios

Let's take a look at some examples of animal classification in the wild.

Example 1: Dolphins
Dolphins are part of the cetacean order, which includes whales and porpoises. They are mammals that live in the ocean and are known for their intelligence and playful behavior.

Example 2: Koalas
Koalas are part of the marsupial group, which includes kangaroos and wallabies. They are native to Australia and are known for their unique diet of eucalyptus leaves.

Example 3: Lions
Lions are part of the cat family, which includes tigers, leopards, and jaguars. They are large carnivorous animals that live in Africa and are known for their strength and hunting abilities.

## Glossary
- Linnaean taxonomy: A system used by scientists to classify animals based on their physical and genetic traits.
- Marsupial: A type of mammal that gives birth to undeveloped young that continue to grow outside the womb, typically in a pouch.
- Cetacean: A group of marine mammals that includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises.

## Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about animal classification and how it helps scientists understand the relationships between different species. We also looked at some practical examples and real-world scenarios to see how animal classification is used in the wild. By understanding the basics of animal classification, we can apply these skills to new problems and continue to learn more about the amazing world of animals.


text:
Tag: PM Yojana

Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana is a social security and life insurance scheme launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and implemented by the Central Government of India. Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana is […]

Now you can make an online application or registration for Prime Minister Housing Plan 2019 provided you meet the eligibility criteria of the Prime Minister’s Housing Scheme. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana was launched on 25th […]

Prime Minister Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana Portal has been started by the Central Government. All farmers can see their names in the beneficiary list of the PM Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana beneficiary list on the […]

Rural Road Connectivity is not only a key component of Rural Development by promoting access to economic and social services and thereby generating increased agricultural incomes and productive employment opportunities in India, but it is […]

In this Prime Minister’s Youth Yojana of the Central Government, eligible youth will be given better training so that they can provide better employment in the future so that no young person will have to […]

Prime minister-launched schemes in India

Over the years of Indian Politics, many prime ministers have implemented schemes and welfare initiatives. These schemes are mainly funded by the central government of India and also by the state governments. Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Manmohan Singh, Rajiv Gandhi, and Narendra Modi have worked for the betterment of society.

One unique aspect of the schemes is their catchy names, such as Swachh Bharat Mission and Smart Cities Mission. The names have much more attention from masses. The government of India under the influence of prime ministers has doubled many of its flagship schemes and programs. Recently, on May 31, 2019, the government declared to extend PM Kisan Samman Nidhi. The scheme was originally available to only some categories of farmers; it has now been made available to all farmers in the country. Under this scheme, farmers are annually paid Rs. 6,000 in three installments. Over 145 million people would be benefitted from this. Launched by September 2018, PM Jan Arogya Yojana would be targeting 107 million people. New Jal Shakti Ministry has been announced with the aim of availing piped water to all Indian families by 2024. Schemes have also been launched for better skill-training activities and entrepreneurship, such as Skill India Mission and Make in India Mission. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was launched in 2005 for social security purposes, promising livelihood and employment to rural areas.

There are many pension-related schemes for our country’s farmers, traders, and entrepreneurs. Startup India is one of the flagship initiatives launched for strengthening startup culture and professional ecosystem. While prime ministers-launched schemes have done the best to fix agricultural crisis, employment and investment are expected to be next on the government’s agenda.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Life Insurance

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

Life insurance is a type of insurance that provides financial protection to dependents in the event of the policyholder's death. It is designed to replace the income that would have been earned by the deceased individual had they lived. Life insurance policies come in various forms, including term life, whole life, and universal life. The main purpose of life insurance is to provide peace of mind and security to policyholders and their families.

## Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's consider an example of a person named John who has a family to support. He decides to take out a life insurance policy worth $500,000. If John were to pass away unexpectedly, his family would receive the sum of $500,000 from the insurance company. This amount could be used to pay off any outstanding debts, such as a mortgage, and provide financial support for the family until they are able to get back on their feet.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios

Real-world scenarios where life insurance is necessary include when someone has dependents or a spouse who relies on their income for financial support. For instance, if a person has young children, they may want to ensure that their children are taken care of financially in case something were to happen to them. Similarly, if someone has a spouse who is unable to work due to a disability or other reasons, life insurance can provide financial support to the spouse in the event of the policyholder's death.

## Glossary

- Life insurance: A type of insurance that provides financial protection to dependents in the event of the policyholder's death.
- Policyholder: The person who holds a life insurance policy.
- Beneficiary: The person or persons who receive the sum of money from the insurance company in the event of the policyholder's death.
- Term life: A type of life insurance that provides coverage for a specific period of time, usually between 10 and 30 years.
- Whole life: A type of life insurance that provides coverage for the policyholder's entire lifetime.
- Universal life: A type of life insurance that combines the features of term and whole life insurance.

## Conclusion

Life insurance is an essential financial tool that provides peace of mind and security to policyholders and their families. By understanding the theoretical concepts, practical examples, and real-world scenarios of life insurance, individuals can make informed decisions about whether it is right for them and their families.


text: Graves Rouge A.O.C.. Cérons A.O.C. Recently replanted with 7,100 plants per hectare (1,4m x 1m), the 12.1 hectares red wine vineyard of Haura is planted with 53 % Cabernet and 47 % Merlot.. Recently replanted with 7,100 plants per hectare (1,4m x 1m), the 12.1 hectares red wine vineyard of Haura is planted with 53 % Cabernet and 47 % Merlot.. The 40 years old white vineyard, located in AOC Cérons, is 1.5 hectares wide. It is planted with 83 % Sémillon and 17 % Sauvignon Blanc... Haura's red has all the characteristics of a classical left bank great Bordeaux in which the freshness of tannin and the smoky flavor of Cabernet Sauvignon on gravelly soils are combined with the silkiness of Merlot.. The Haura Cérons wine evokes all the smoothness and mildness of the great sweet wines of the Cérons region.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Grape Growing and Winemaking

Introduction:
Grapes have been cultivated for thousands of years and are used to make wine, which is one of the most popular alcoholic drinks in the world. In this lesson, we will learn about grape growing and winemaking, including the different types of grapes, the process of growing grapes, and how wine is made.

Section 1: Types of Grapes
There are over 10,000 different grape varieties grown worldwide, but only a few hundred are used to make wine. The most common types of grapes used in winemaking are:

1. Red grapes: These grapes are used to make red wine and are usually high in tannins, which give the wine its bitter taste. Examples of red grapes include Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Pinot Noir.

2. White grapes: These grapes are used to make white wine and are usually low in tannins. Examples of white grapes include Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, and Riesling.

3. Rosé grapes: These grapes are used to make rosé wine, which is a blend of red and white wine. Examples of rosé grapes include Grenache and Mourvèdre.

Section 2: Grape Growing
Grapes grow on vines and require a lot of care to produce high-quality fruit. The process of growing grapes includes:

1. Planting: Vineyards are planted with grafted vines, which means that the rootstock is grown separately from the grapevine. This is done to protect the vine from disease.

2. Pruning: Vines are pruned to control their growth and to encourage the production of high-quality fruit. This involves removing excess branches and leaves.

3. Watering: Grapes require regular watering to grow healthy and produce good-quality fruit. The amount of water needed varies depending on the type of grape and the climate.

4. Fertilizing: Grapes need nutrients to grow healthy and produce good-quality fruit. Farmers use fertilizers to provide the necessary nutrients.

Section 3: Winemaking
Winemaking is the process of turning grapes into wine. The process involves several steps, including:

1. Crushing: The grapes are crushed to release their juice, which contains the sugars that will ferment into alcohol.

2. Fermentation: The juice is mixed with yeast, which converts the sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide. This process takes several days to weeks, depending on the type of wine being made.

3. Aging: The wine is stored in barrels or tanks for a period of time to allow the flavors to develop. The length of aging varies depending on the type of wine.

4. Bottling: The wine is bottled and sealed with a cork or screw cap.

Conclusion:
Grapes are a versatile fruit that can be used to make a variety of different drinks, from red and white wine to rosé and even sparkling wine. Grape growing and winemaking require careful attention to detail to produce high-quality products. By understanding the different types of grapes, the process of growing grapes, and the process of winemaking, you can appreciate the art and science behind this ancient tradition.

Glossary:
- Grape variety: A type of grape used to make wine.
- Tannins: A bitter substance found in red grapes that gives wine its astringent taste.
- Rootstock: The part of the grapevine that is grown separately from the grapevine to protect it from disease.
- Pruning: The process of removing excess branches and leaves from a grapevine to control its growth.
- Fertilizer: A substance used to provide nutrients to plants.
- Fermentation: The process by which sugars are converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide by yeast.
- Aging: The process of storing wine in barrels or tanks to allow the flavors to develop.
- Bottling: The process of sealing wine in a bottle.

[**Note:** This is a sample lesson. The actual lesson would be tailored to the appropriate grade level and learning objectives. The lesson could be adapted to include additional sections, such as a discussion of the history of winemaking, a comparison of different types of wine, or an exploration of the science behind fermentation.]


text: Al Sayer occupies the pre-eminent position of the largest distributor of automotive products and leads the rapid development of automobile business in the Kuwait.. Once you become an owner of a HINO truck, you will gain access to our total support system that includes choosing the right truck for your business. HINO makes its best efforts to enhance the quality of support based on our “Customer First” philosophy and our policy. An example can be seen in our efforts to train technicians to enable us to provide the same level of quality service in different situations.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Customer Support in Business

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of customer support in business. We will explore how Al Sayer, one of the largest distributors of automotive products in Kuwait, has built its success on providing excellent customer support. We will also discuss how HINO, a leading truck manufacturer, ensures that its customers receive top-notch support through its "Customer First" philosophy and training programs for technicians.

Section 1: Understanding Customer Support

Question: What is customer support?
Answer: Customer support refers to the assistance provided by a company to its customers before, during, and after the purchase of a product or service. It is an essential aspect of any business as it helps to build trust, loyalty, and satisfaction among customers.

Section 2: The Role of Customer Support in Business Success

Question: Why is customer support important for business success?
Answer: Customer support is crucial for business success because it helps to create a positive image of the company in the minds of customers. When customers feel valued and supported, they are more likely to become loyal customers who return for future purchases and recommend the company to others. This, in turn, leads to increased sales, revenue, and profitability.

Question: How does Al Sayer use customer support to build its success?
Answer: Al Sayer has built its success on providing excellent customer support to its customers. By focusing on the needs and preferences of its customers, Al Sayer has been able to establish itself as the largest distributor of automotive products in Kuwait and lead the rapid development of the automobile business in the country.

Section 3: Providing Quality Customer Support

Question: What is quality customer support?
Answer: Quality customer support refers to the provision of assistance that meets or exceeds the expectations of the customer. It involves listening to the customer's needs, providing prompt and accurate responses, and taking steps to resolve any issues that may arise.

Question: How does HINO ensure quality customer support?
Answer: HINO ensures quality customer support through its "Customer First" philosophy and training programs for technicians. By investing in the training and development of its employees, HINO is able to provide the same level of quality service in different situations, regardless of where the customer may be.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, customer support is a critical component of business success. By providing quality customer support, companies like Al Sayer and HINO are able to build trust, loyalty, and satisfaction among their customers, which ultimately leads to increased sales, revenue, and profitability. By applying the lessons learned in this lesson, students can develop the skills necessary to provide excellent customer support and contribute to the success of their own businesses in the future.

Glossary:
- Customer support: Assistance provided by a company to its customers before, during, and after the purchase of a product or service.
- Quality customer support: Customer support that meets or exceeds the expectations of the customer.
- Customer First philosophy: A policy that places the customer's needs and preferences at the forefront of all decision-making processes within a company.


text: The $1.6 billion biocides market is expected to grow 3.2% a year to reach $1.87 billion in 2008, according to Norwalk, CT-based Business Communications Company’s (BCC) “RC-224R Biocides” report. The largest biocides markets include swimming pool and spa disinfectants, paper slimicides, wood preservatives and personal care products. Mainly driven by protection against infection, BCC said the bulk of the biocides market, 55%, consists of halogenated compounds, inorganic compounds and quaternaries. More info: (203) 853-4266; Website:.. Biocides Market Expected to Reach $1.87 Billion by 2008. Published November 15, 2005. Related Searches: Disinfectants • organic • products • spa •. blog comments powered by Disqus. Follow Happi On

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to the Biocides Market

**Objective:** To provide an overview of the biocides market, its growth, and the major players in this industry.

**Level:** Primary through high school students

**Duration:** 45 minutes

**Materials:** Whiteboard, markers, paper, and pencils

**Introduction:** In this lesson, we will learn about the biocides market, which is a multi-billion dollar industry that produces chemicals used to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. These chemicals are used in various applications, including personal care products, swimming pool and spa disinfectants, paper slimicides, and wood preservatives.

**Section 1: Understanding the Biocides Market**

**Topic 1: Definition and Examples**

- Define biocides and give some examples of products that contain biocides.

**Topic 2: Growth and Trends**

- Discuss the growth and trends in the biocides market, including the factors driving this growth and the major players in the industry.

**Section 2: Types of Biocides**

**Topic 1: Classification of Biocides**

- Classify biocides based on their mode of action, target organism, and chemical structure.

**Topic 2: Halogenated Compounds, Inorganic Compounds, and Quaternaries**

- Explain the properties and uses of halogenated compounds, inorganic compounds, and quaternaries as biocides.

**Section 3: Applications of Biocides**

**Topic 1: Personal Care Products**

- Describe how biocides are used in personal care products such as soap, hand sanitizers, and disinfectants.

**Topic 2: Swimming Pool and Spa Disinfectants**

- Explain how biocides are used to disinfect swimming pools and spas, and the importance of proper maintenance and usage guidelines.

**Topic 3: Paper Slimicides**

- Discuss the role of biocides in preventing the growth of mold and bacteria on paper products, and the benefits and risks associated with their use.

**Topic 4: Wood Preservatives**

- Describe how biocides are used to protect wood from decay and insect infestation, and the importance of selecting the appropriate biocide for specific applications.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

**Topic 1: Skills Gained**

- Summarize the skills and knowledge gained from this lesson, including understanding the biocides market, classifying biocides, and describing their applications.

**Topic 2: Real-World Applications**

- Discuss real-world applications of biocides, including their use in healthcare settings, food processing, and water treatment.

**Glossary:**

- Define key terms related to biocides, including halogenated compounds, inorganic compounds, quaternaries, and slimicides.

**Conclusion:**

In conclusion, this lesson has provided an introduction to the biocides market, its growth, and the major players in this industry. Students have learned about the classification of biocides, their applications in personal care products, swimming pool and spa disinfectants, paper slimicides, and wood preservatives, and their real-world applications. By understanding the importance of biocides in our daily lives, students can apply this knowledge to new problems and make informed decisions about the use and selection of biocides.


text: For us things are still the same as we are working remotely, and it is something that we will be doing even after things get back to normal. Working remotely most of the time is what we have been doing for a long time.. I will continue to work on this some this week, as I would like to see how much more of it I can get done. It might not be the focus piece for the week, but I do plan on making sure that it gets some attention as I am now getting to the point where I can see the end of this piece. It isn't going to be a fast finish, but hopefully soon it will be done.. I hope everyone continues to find a bit of time each day to do something that you love. It doesn't matter what it is, but making sure that you send a few minutes each day relaxing is very important. Hope you continue to stay safe and hopefully soon we will all be able to do the things that we did before. Have a good week and hopefully next week I will have some more progress on things to show you.

textbook:
Lesson: Remote Work
Introduction:
Remote work has become increasingly popular in recent years. It allows employees to work from anywhere in the world, which can be beneficial for both employers and employees. In this lesson, we will explore the benefits of remote work and how it can be implemented successfully.
Section 1: Benefits of Remote Work
- Flexibility: Remote work offers employees the flexibility to work from anywhere in the world. This can help employees balance their work and personal lives.
- Cost Savings: Employers can save money on office space, utilities, and other expenses associated with maintaining a physical workspace.
- Increased Productivity: Studies have shown that remote workers are often more productive than those who work in an office setting.
- Access to Talent: Remote work allows employers to access talent from around the world, which can lead to a more diverse workforce.
Section 2: How to Implement Remote Work Successfully
- Clear Communication: Effective communication is essential when working remotely. Employers and employees must communicate clearly and frequently to ensure that everyone is on the same page.
- Establish Expectations: It is essential to establish clear expectations for remote workers. This includes setting goals, establishing deadlines, and outlining the consequences of not meeting those expectations.
- Technology: Technology is crucial when working remotely. Employers must provide remote workers with the necessary tools and technology to perform their jobs effectively.
- Time Management: Remote workers must be able to manage their time effectively. They must be able to prioritize tasks, set goals, and meet deadlines.
Section 3: Practical Examples
- A company hires a software developer who lives in a different state. The developer works remotely and communicates with the team via video conferencing and chat.
- A marketing agency hires a graphic designer who lives in a different country. The designer works remotely and communicates with the team via email and project management software.
- A non-profit organization hires a fundraiser who lives in a different city. The fundraiser works remotely and communicates with the team via phone and video conferencing.
Conclusion:
Remote work can be a valuable tool for employers and employees. By implementing remote work successfully, employers can access talent from around the world, save money on expenses, and increase productivity. Remote work also allows employees to balance their work and personal lives more effectively. By following the tips outlined in this lesson, employers and employees can work together to create a successful remote work environment.


text: 1960's Production of plate type mill 1970's Manufacture of rolling ball type mill (ZQM series) 1980 Start to manufacture of roller type mill (ZGM series) 1985 MPS.. Pulverizers (coal pulverizer) are used to pulverize pieces of coal into fine particles (100μm) before placing into a boiler, to ensure efficient combustion.. GE's coal mill service solutions assist with boosting efficiency and longevity. Learn more about how GE's service solutions could benefit coal pulverization.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Understand and Use Mills

Introduction:
A mill is a machine that breaks solid materials into smaller pieces by grinding, crushing, or cutting. Mills are used in many industries, such as mining, construction, and agriculture. In this lesson, we will learn about different types of mills and how they work.

Types of Mills:
There are several types of mills, including plate type mills, rolling ball type mills, and roller type mills. Each type of mill has its own unique features and uses.

1. Plate Type Mills: These mills are also known as flat plates or grinding plates. They consist of a flat plate with a series of holes in it. The plate is rotated at high speeds, and material is fed through the holes. This type of mill is commonly used in the mining industry to crush rocks into smaller pieces.

2. Rolling Ball Type Mills (ZQM Series): These mills use large balls made of hardened steel to grind and crush materials. The balls are rolled between two channels, which contain the material to be ground. This type of mill is often used in the construction industry to crush concrete and other building materials.

3. Roller Type Mills (ZGM Series): These mills use cylindrical rollers instead of balls to grind and crush materials. The rollers rotate at high speeds, causing the material to be ground and crushed. This type of mill is commonly used in the agricultural industry to grind grains into flour.

How Mills Work:
Mills work by using force to break down solid materials into smaller pieces. The force is applied either mechanically or electrically, depending on the type of mill. In all cases, the material is fed into the mill and then broken down into smaller pieces.

The size of the pieces produced by a mill depends on the type of mill being used and the size of the material being fed into it. For example, a plate type mill can produce very small pieces, while a roller type mill can produce larger pieces.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the different types of mills and how they work. We also learned about the different ways that mills can be used in various industries. By understanding the principles behind mills, we can better appreciate their importance in our daily lives.


text:
Feature: Urban Pioneer

The city

Category: seattlepi.com teaser headlines

Annie Strain is hard to miss as she strides through a wintry Pioneer Square day in a puffy chartreuse coat, a vivid spray of freckles across her fair skin. With an infectious laugh she delights in pointing out her favorite places to eat—the city’s best falafel restaurant is in the neighborhood, she asserts—and the rock shop she routinely has to drag her 10-year-old son out of. All around her surges the usual neighborhood crowd: hip professionals texting on BlackBerrys, tourists peering into shop windows, panhandlers wheedling change.

It’s probably safe to say Strain is Pioneer Square’s only soccer mom. The historic, largely retail- and nightlife-oriented neighborhood tends to attract empty-nesters and single professionals to the market-rate condos and rental properties that do exist. Gritty, sometimes infuriating, wholly alive, the area is sorely in need of some serious love from city officials and developers, along the lines of what South Lake Union has experienced in recent years. Nevertheless, it’s where Strain and her husband are raising two sons, ages 2 and 10, and a daughter, 12. Although she says they are among the few families with children in the neighborhood, there’s no place in the city they’d rather be.

The announcement last fall by the venerated Elliott Bay Book Company that it was moving to the Pike-Pine Corridor on Capitol Hill brought all of Pioneer Square’s social and economic troubles to the fore, with plenty of hand-wringing over the neighborhood’s viability, especially as other vacant storefronts crop up with disconcerting frequency, including Trattoria Mitchelli, which closed in January after 33 years in business.

These feelings of fear and loathing aren’t exactly new, and they didn’t deter the Strains from moving to Pioneer Square several years ago. It was difficult to find a condominium big enough for a growing family, so they ultimately bought a converted two-unit space in a building on First Avenue near Yesler Way, creating an airy, Art Moderne space accessorized with sleek furnishings, three guinea pigs and art posters from the former Soviet Union.

A city housing inventory in 2008 put the number of homeowner units in Pioneer Square at 244, versus 771 government-funded units for low-income residents and 268 market-rate rentals. Strain doesn’t mind that she’s virtually one of a kind. “It’s a great neighborhood,” she says, a touch of her native Texas twang still evident.

She says it has everything her family needs, including easy access to all the culture and fun Seattle offers, from professional sports to the symphony to the Seattle Art Museum. They buy groceries at Uwajimaya in the International District. Galleries abound, there are independent restaurants nearby, and some of the city’s best downtown dining spots are within walking distance. She loves to take her 2-year-old son, Jackson—a charming blond fireball like his mom—for rides in his stroller down to the waterfront and downtown to shopping, with stops to run around Occidental Square Park. Pioneer Square is where her husband, Jeff Strain, runs the Undead Labs video-gaming company, a type of business that’s becoming increasingly common in an area whose edgy urban feel and historic buildings appeal to high-tech firms.

“Pioneer Square is not for the faint of heart,” says Jeff, who based his company there after the family moved in. “It is a different vibe….I need to be attractive to very creative people. It’s such a departure here from a Bellevue office park.”

Annie Strain also does her share of “recruiting.” As founder of the new Pioneer Square Chamber of Commerce, Strain is trying to build a coalition of Pioneer Square stakeholder

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Urban Planning

### Overview

Urban planning is the process of designing and shaping the physical environment of cities, towns, and other urban areas. It involves the collaboration of various professionals such as architects, engineers, and planners to ensure that the built environment meets the needs of the community while also promoting economic, social, and environmental sustainability.

In this lesson, we will explore the basics of urban planning, including its history, principles, and methods. We will also discuss the role of urban planners and the challenges they face when creating livable and sustainable communities.

### Section 1: Introduction to Urban Planning

**What is Urban Planning?**

Urban planning is the process of designing and shaping the physical environment of cities, towns, and other urban areas. It involves the collaboration of various professionals such as architects, engineers, and planners to ensure that the built environment meets the needs of the community while also promoting economic, social, and environmental sustainability.

**History of Urban Planning**

Urban planning has its roots in ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Greece, and Rome. However, modern urban planning began in the late 19th century as cities grew rapidly due to industrialization. This led to overcrowding, pollution, and inadequate sanitation, which resulted in the spread of diseases such as cholera. In response, urban planners began to design and build cities that were healthier, safer, and more efficient.

**Principles of Urban Planning**

There are several principles that guide urban planning, including:

1. Sustainability: Urban planning should promote economic, social, and environmental sustainability.
2. Equity: Urban planning should ensure that all residents have access to basic services and amenities, regardless of their income or social status.
3. Efficiency: Urban planning should optimize the use of resources, such as land, water, and energy, to minimize waste and reduce costs.
4. Resilience: Urban planning should prepare for and respond to natural disasters and other unexpected events.

### Section 2: Roles and Challenges of Urban Planners

**Roles of Urban Planners**

Urban planners play several roles in the planning process, including:

1. Analyzing data: Urban planners collect and analyze data on population growth, housing needs, transportation patterns, and other factors that affect the built environment.
2. Engaging the public: Urban planners work with community members to gather feedback and input on proposed plans and projects.
3. Developing policies: Urban planners develop policies that address issues such as land use, zoning, transportation, and housing.
4. Implementing plans: Urban planners work with local governments and other stakeholders to implement approved plans and projects.
5. Evaluating outcomes: Urban planners monitor the success of implemented plans and projects and make adjustments as needed.

**Challenges of Urban Planners**

While urban planners play a crucial role in creating livable and sustainable communities, they also face several challenges, including:

1. Balancing competing interests: Urban planners must balance the needs of various stakeholders, such as property owners, businesses, and community members, to create plans that meet everyone's needs.
2. Managing growth: As cities grow, urban planners must manage the impacts of population and economic growth on the environment, infrastructure, and quality of life.
3. Addressing inequality: Urban planners must ensure that all residents have access to basic services and amenities, regardless of their income or social status.
4. Adapting to change: Urban planners must adapt to changing economic, social, and technological conditions to ensure that plans remain relevant and effective.

### Section 3: Methods of Urban Planning

**Land Use Planning**

Land use planning involves deciding how land within a community will be used for various purposes such as residential, commercial, industrial, or recreational. This includes determining the appropriate density and mix of uses for different areas of the city.

**Transportation Planning**

Transportation planning involves developing strategies for moving people and goods efficiently and safely within a community. This includes designing streets, sidewalks, bike lanes, and public transit systems.

**Environmental Planning**

Environmental planning involves assessing the impact of development on the environment and designing strategies to minimize negative impacts while maximizing positive ones. This includes managing water resources, reducing air pollution, and preserving natural habitats.

**Economic Development Planning**

Economic development planning involves promoting economic growth and stability within a community. This includes attracting new businesses, retaining existing ones, and creating job opportunities for residents.

**Conclusion**

Urban planning is a complex and challenging field that requires knowledge of many disciplines. However, by following the principles of sustainability, equity, efficiency, and resilience, urban planners can create communities that are healthy, safe, and prosperous for all residents.


text: Create a Custom Taxonomy. Let’s create a custom taxonomy. Go to MBM Settings -> Custom Fields and click on the taxonomy field tab.. Give your taxonomy a name – plural and singular. MBM and WP will handle knowing which name to use based on the context.. A taxonomy needs a slug. This forms the URL where you will be able to see all the books within that taxonomy (aka a taxonomy grid). Just like the standard taxonomies, MBM comes with, there are some restrictions. No WP reserved words, and no repeating other fields and taxonomies.. A default slug is set for you based on the singular name. You can customize it on the MBM Settings -> Book Grids page just like any other taxonomy.. Once you have created your taxonomy field, it will act exactly like genre and the other taxonomies. Edit a book and scroll down and look on the right-hand side to find your custom taxonomy.

textbook:
Lesson: Custom Taxonomy

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about custom taxonomies in WordPress. A custom taxonomy is a way to categorize content in a more specific way than the standard categories. It allows us to group items based on their characteristics, making it easier to find and organize them.

Section 1: What is a Custom Taxonomy?

A custom taxonomy is a type of metadata that you can add to your content. It works like the standard categories, but it's more specific. You can create a custom taxonomy to categorize your content based on attributes such as color, size, or brand. For example, if you run an online store, you could create a custom taxonomy for "shoe size" and assign each pair of shoes a specific size.

Section 2: Creating a Custom Taxonomy

To create a custom taxonomy, follow these steps:

1. Go to MBM Settings -> Custom Fields.
2. Click on the taxonomy field tab.
3. Give your taxonomy a name - plural and singular. For example, "Shoe Size" (singular) and "Shoe Sizes" (plural).
4. Choose a slug. This will be the URL where you will see all the books within that taxonomy (aka a taxonomy grid). For example, "shoe-size".
5. Save your changes.

Section 3: Using a Custom Taxonomy

Once you have created your custom taxonomy, you can start using it to categorize your content. Here's how:

1. Edit a book and scroll down to the "Custom Taxonomy" section.
2. Select the appropriate option from the drop-down menu.
3. Save your changes.

Section 4: Examples

Let's say you have a book titled "Red Shoes." You could categorize it as follows:

1. Genre: Fiction
2. Custom Taxonomy: Shoe Color (assigned value "Red")

Now, when someone visits your website and looks at the "Fiction" category, they will also see "Red Shoes" because it has been assigned the "Shoe Color" custom taxonomy.

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned what a custom taxonomy is and how to create one in MBM. We also learned how to use a custom taxonomy to categorize our content more specifically. By creating custom taxonomies, we can make it easier for readers to find and organize our content based on specific attributes.


text: The First Woman President of Eastern Mennonite University in Virginia. Posted on May 04, 2016 | Comments 0. The board of trustees of Eastern Mennonite University in Harrisonburg, Virginia, has chosen Susan Schultz Huxman as the educational institution’s ninth president. The university enrolls about 1,200 undergraduate students and 450 graduate students. Women are 66 percent of the undergraduate student body.. Dr. Huxman currently serves as president of Conrad Grebel University College in Waterloo, Ontario. Earlier, she was the director of the Elliott School of Communication at Wichita State University in Kansas. When she takes office on January 1, Dr. Huxman will become the first woman to serve as president of Eastern Mennonite University.. Dr. Huxman is a graduate of Bethel College in North Newton, Kansas. She holds a master’s degree and a Ph.D. in communication studies from the University of Kansas.. Filed Under: Leadership • News

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Education

Introduction:
Education is an important part of our lives. It helps us to learn new things, develop our skills, and prepare for the future. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of education and how it can help us achieve our goals.

Core Value:
The core value of this lesson is that education is essential for personal and societal growth.

Section 1: Why Education is Important

Topic: Education is important because it helps us to learn new things and develop our skills.

Question: Why is education important?
Answer: Education is important because it helps us to learn new things and develop our skills. It enables us to become more knowledgeable, skilled, and adaptable, which are essential for personal and societal growth.

Topic: Education also prepares us for the future.

Question: How does education prepare us for the future?
Answer: Education prepares us for the future by providing us with the knowledge and skills that we need to succeed in our careers and in life. It helps us to make informed decisions, solve problems, and adapt to new situations.

Section 2: Education and Personal Growth

Topic: Education is essential for personal growth.

Question: Why is education important for personal growth?
Answer: Education is important for personal growth because it helps us to discover our passions, interests, and talents. It enables us to develop our skills, pursue our dreams, and achieve our goals.

Topic: Education also helps us to become better citizens.

Question: How does education help us to become better citizens?
Answer: Education helps us to become better citizens by teaching us about our rights and responsibilities, our history, and our culture. It enables us to understand and appreciate different perspectives, respect others' opinions, and engage in meaningful discussions.

Section 3: Education and Societal Growth

Topic: Education is essential for societal growth.

Question: Why is education important for societal growth?
Answer: Education is important for societal growth because it helps us to create a better world for ourselves and future generations. It enables us to innovate, solve problems, and make informed decisions that benefit society.

Topic: Education also promotes social equality and justice.

Question: How does education promote social equality and justice?
Answer: Education promotes social equality and justice by providing access to quality education for all individuals regardless of their background or socioeconomic status. It empowers people to speak up against injustice, stand up for their rights, and work towards creating a more equitable and just society.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, education is essential for personal and societal growth. It helps us to learn new things, develop our skills, and prepare for the future. By pursuing education, we can achieve our goals, become better citizens, and contribute to a better world.

Glossary:
- Education: The process of acquiring knowledge, skills, and values.
- Personal growth: The process of developing one's abilities, potential, and sense of identity.
- Societal growth: The process of improving the well-being, prosperity, and development of a society.


text: The Earth's Atmosphere. The Earth's atmosphere is composed of several very distinct layers.. Earth's Atmosphere. The Earth is surrounded by a blanket of air, which we call the atmosphere. It reaches over 560 kilometers (348 8 to 14.5 kilometers high (5 to 9 miles)..

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Layers of Earth's Atmosphere

Introduction:
Earth's atmosphere is a crucial component of our planet, providing us with essential resources like air, water, and food. In this lesson, we will explore the different layers of Earth's atmosphere and learn about their unique characteristics.

Section 1: The Layers of Earth's Atmosphere
- The Earth's atmosphere is divided into several layers based on altitude, temperature, and composition.
- The first layer is the troposphere, which extends from the surface of the Earth up to an altitude of 14.5 kilometers (9 miles). This layer contains 75% of the Earth's atmosphere and is where most of the weather occurs.
- Above the troposphere is the stratosphere, which extends from 14.5 kilometers to 50 kilometers (31 miles) altitude. The stratosphere is characterized by its low temperatures and the presence of the ozone layer.
- The mesosphere is the third layer, extending from 50 kilometers to 85 kilometers (50 miles) altitude. It is characterized by its extreme cold temperatures and the presence of the ionosphere.
- The fourth layer is the thermosphere, which extends from 85 kilometers to 600 kilometers (372 miles) altitude. The thermosphere is characterized by its high temperatures and the presence of the aurora borealis and australis.
- The final layer is the exosphere, which extends from 600 kilometers to the edge of space at 10,000 kilometers (6,213 miles) altitude. The exosphere is characterized by its low temperatures and the presence of the magnetosphere.

Questions and Answers:
- What are the four layers of Earth's atmosphere?
- What is the difference between the troposphere and the stratosphere?
- What is the ionosphere, and what is its purpose?

Definitions:
- Troposphere: The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending from the surface of the Earth to an altitude of 14.5 kilometers (9 miles).
- Stratosphere: The second layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending from 14.5 kilometers to 50 kilometers (31 miles) altitude.
- Mesosphere: The third layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending from 50 kilometers to 85 kilometers (50 miles) altitude.
- Thermosphere: The fourth layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending from 85 kilometers to 600 kilometers (372 miles) altitude.
- Exosphere: The fifth and final layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending from 600 kilometers to the edge of space at 10,000 kilometers (6,213 miles) altitude.

Practical Examples:
- Weather occurs in the troposphere because this is where most of the Earth's atmosphere is located.
- The ozone layer is found in the stratosphere, and it plays a crucial role in protecting the Earth's surface from the sun's ultraviolet radiation.
- The ionosphere is responsible for reflecting radio waves back to the Earth's surface, allowing for communication across long distances.

Conclusion:
Understanding the different layers of Earth's atmosphere is essential for appreciating the complexity of our planet and its unique characteristics. By studying these layers, we can gain a better understanding of how Earth's atmosphere works and how we can protect it.

Glossary:
- Troposphere: The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending from the surface of the Earth to an altitude of 14.5 kilometers (9 miles).
- Stratosphere: The second layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending from 14.5 kilometers to 50 kilometers (31 miles) altitude.
- Mesosphere: The third layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending from 50 kilometers to 85 kilometers (50 miles) altitude.
- Thermosphere: The fourth layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending from 85 kilometers to 600 kilometers (372 miles) altitude.
- Exosphere: The fifth and final layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending from 600 kilometers to the edge of space at 10,000 kilometers (6,213 miles) altitude.


text: The product images shown are for illustration purposes only and may not be an exact representation of the product. Yamaha reserves the right to change product images and specifications at any time without notice.. Kids Fishing Shirts. Yamaha Fishing Shirt for kids has UPF50+ with long sleeves provides comfort and superior sun protection recognized and given the Cancer Council of Australia for effective UV protectant. Yamaha logo across the front chest with blue and black colour design.. Wear it while enjoying the outdoors. You will be happy and amazed by how effective the lightweight breathable fabric reduces skin temperature and helps maintain hydration.. Features include:. - Made from 100% Breathable Polyester. - Colour: Blue. - Size: 6 to 14. Required products. There is at least one required product

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Sun Protection

**Objective:** To teach students about the importance of sun protection and how to choose the right clothing and accessories to protect their skin from the sun's harmful rays.

**Introduction:** The sun is a powerful source of energy that provides warmth and light to our planet. However, it also emits dangerous ultraviolet (UV) radiation that can cause skin damage, eye damage, and even skin cancer. In this lesson, we will learn about the dangers of UV radiation and how to protect ourselves from it.

**Section 1: Understanding UV Radiation**

- **What is UV radiation?** UV radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation that comes from the sun. It is divided into three categories: UVA, UVB, and UVC. UVA and UVB radiation can penetrate the Earth's atmosphere and reach our skin.

- **Why is UV radiation dangerous?** When UV radiation reaches our skin, it can cause damage to our DNA, which can lead to skin cancer, eye damage, and other health problems.

- **How can we protect ourselves from UV radiation?** The best way to protect ourselves from UV radiation is to use a combination of sun protection measures, such as wearing sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and staying in the shade.

**Section 2: Choosing the Right Clothing**

- **What makes a good sun protective clothing?** Clothing that is labeled "sun protective" or has a UPF (Ultraviolet Protection Factor) rating of 50+ is a good choice. This means that the fabric has been tested and proven to block at least 97.5% of UV radiation.

- **What types of clothing provide sun protection?** Long-sleeved shirts, pants, and skirts made from tightly woven fabrics are good choices for sun protection. Darker colors tend to provide more protection than lighter colors because they absorb more UV radiation.

- **Can hats and sunglasses provide sun protection?** Yes, both hats and sunglasses can provide some sun protection. A wide-brimmed hat can protect your face, ears, and neck from UV radiation, and sunglasses can protect your eyes from UV radiation and reduce glare.

**Section 3: Applying Sunscreen**

- **When should I apply sunscreen?** You should apply sunscreen at least 15 minutes before going outside, so that it has time to absorb into your skin.

- **How much sunscreen should I apply?** You should apply enough sunscreen to cover all exposed areas of your skin. This means about one ounce (two tablespoons) of sunscreen for an adult.

- **How often should I reapply sunscreen?** You should reapply sunscreen every two hours, or sooner if you have been swimming or sweating.

**Conclusion:** Sun protection is an important part of keeping our skin healthy and preventing skin cancer. By using a combination of sun protective clothing, hats, sunglasses, and sunscreen, we can enjoy the outdoors safely and responsibly. Remember to always follow the label instructions when applying sunscreen and to choose clothing with a UPF rating of 50+ for the best protection.


text: January 24, 2016: Nepal is getting its own version of MTV Roadies. Under the license from Viacom 18, Himalaya Television is producing a Nepali version of MTV Roadies – Himalaya Roadies . “I expect the series will bring about renewed interest in homegrown channels, and it can only happen when we cater to the evolved taste of audience,” said Chang Agarwal, Executive Director of Himalaya Television.. According to the Director of the series, Aman Pratap Adhikary, “This is an exciting time when an international franchise of such magnitude is being dared on National television. This will help Nepali production values meet international standard.”. "The three judges for the Himalaya Roadies are Deeya Maskey, Remon Das Shrestha and Aasis Rana aka Laure," reads the press statement issued by the company.. Bajaj Avenger is the title sponsor of the Himalaya Roadies and styled by Set Wet in association with Ncell, an Axiata company.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to MTV Roadies
Level: Primary through High School

## Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about MTV Roadies, a popular reality show that has been adapted into different versions around the world. We will explore the concept of licensing and how it allows for the production of localized versions of international shows. We will also discuss the importance of catering to the evolving tastes of audiences and how this can lead to renewed interest in homegrown channels.

## Section 2: The Concept of Licensing
Licensing refers to the granting of permission to use intellectual property, such as a TV show format, by a third party. In the case of MTV Roadies, the Nepalese channel Himalaya Television obtained a license from Viacom 18 to produce a local version of the show. This is an example of how licensing can lead to the production of new content that caters to the interests of a specific audience.

## Section 3: Catering to Evolving Tastes
Catering to the evolving tastes of audiences means creating content that reflects the changing preferences and interests of viewers. As audiences become more sophisticated and demanding, channels must adapt their programming to keep up. In the case of Himalaya Roadies, the show's producers believe that it will renew interest in homegrown channels by offering something fresh and exciting.

## Section 4: The Importance of Production Values
Production values refer to the quality of the elements that go into making a TV show or movie. These include things like the sets, costumes, lighting, and special effects. In the case of Himalaya Roadies, the producers hope that by meeting international standards of production value, they will be able to create a show that is both visually appealing and engaging.

## Section 5: Judges and Sponsors
The judges for Himalaya Roadies are Deeya Maskey, Remon Das Shrestha, and Aasis Rana aka Laure. These individuals will be responsible for evaluating the contestants and determining who will advance in the competition. The title sponsor of the show is Bajaj Avenger, while Set Wet and Ncell, an Axiata company, are also involved in the production.

## Glossary
- Licensing: The granting of permission to use intellectual property by a third party.
- Production values: The quality of the elements that go into making a TV show or movie.
- Localized: Adapted to fit the needs or interests of a specific audience or region.
- Homegrown: Originating or produced within a particular country or region.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about the concept of licensing and how it allows for the production of localized versions of international shows. We also discussed the importance of catering to the evolving tastes of audiences and the role of production values in creating engaging content. By understanding these concepts, we can better appreciate the effort that goes into creating successful TV shows like Himalaya Roadies.


text: The, Touraine has the flexibility to plant a wide range of varieties, so it’s different from the more formal areas such as Vouvray, which only allows Chenin Blanc, or Sancerre, which only allows Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Noir. In Touraine, they can grow Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Chenin Blanc, Malbec, Cabernet Franc, Pinot Noir and a few other indigenous grapes seen at much smaller production levels. This gives the region the flexibility to be creative in their blends and wine.

textbook:
Lesson: Wine Regions and Grape Varieties

**Introduction:**
In this lesson, we will learn about wine regions and grape varieties. We will explore the differences between various wine regions and the types of grapes that are grown in each region. We will also discuss the importance of grape varieties in determining the taste and quality of wine.

**Section 1: Wine Regions**
Wine regions are geographic areas where grapes are grown and wine is produced. Each region has its own unique climate, soil, and terrain, which affect the flavor and quality of the wine produced there. Some well-known wine regions include Napa Valley in California, Bordeaux in France, and Mendoza in Argentina.

**Section 2: Grape Varieties**
Grape varieties refer to the different types of grapes that are used to make wine. There are thousands of grape varieties, but only a few dozen are commonly used in winemaking. Some popular grape varieties include Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Pinot Noir.

**Section 3: The Importance of Grape Varieties**
Grape varieties play a crucial role in determining the taste, quality, and characteristics of wine. Different grape varieties produce different flavors, aromas, and textures in the wine. For example, Chardonnay grapes produce a crisp, clean taste, while Pinot Noir grapes produce a rich, full-bodied taste. The type of grape variety used in winemaking can also affect the alcohol content, acidity, and tannins in the wine.

**Conclusion:**
Understanding wine regions and grape varieties is essential for anyone interested in wine. By learning about the different types of grapes and the regions they are grown in, you can better understand the characteristics of the wine you are drinking and make informed decisions about which wines to enjoy.

**Glossary:**
- **Wine Region:** A geographic area where grapes are grown and wine is produced.
- **Grape Variety:** A type of grape used to make wine.
- **Chardonnay:** A grape variety that produces a crisp, clean taste in wine.
- **Sauvignon Blanc:** A grape variety that produces a rich, full-bodied taste in wine.
- **Cabernet Sauvignon:** A grape variety that produces a rich, full-bodied taste in wine.
- **Pinot Noir:** A grape variety that produces a rich, full-bodied taste in wine.


text: Last.. Remember that Global cache enqueues are considered to be owned by an instance. From 11g onwards, gc buffer busy event differentiated between two cases:. - If existing GC open request originated from the local instance, then current session will wait for ‘gc buffer busy acquire’. Essentially, current process is waiting for another process in the local instance to acquire GC lock, on behalf of the local instance. Once GC lock is acquired, current process can access that buffer without additional GC processing (if the lock is acquired in a compatible mode).. - If existing GC open request originated from a remote instance, then current session will wait for ‘gc buffer busy release’ event. In this case session is waiting for another remote session (hence another instance) to release the GC lock, so that local instance can acquire buffer.. Example. Following output should show the differentiation with much clarity.. Read the rest of this entry »

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Global Cache Buffer Busy Event in Oracle Database

### Overview
In this lesson, we will learn about the Global Cache Buffer Busy Event in Oracle Database. We will cover the following topics:

1. Introduction to Global Cache Buffer Busy Event
2. Differentiation between two cases
3. Example
4. Conclusion

### Introduction to Global Cache Buffer Busy Event

Global Cache Buffer (GCB) is a shared memory area in Oracle Database that stores frequently accessed data. It helps to reduce the number of times the database has to access the disk, thereby improving performance. However, accessing the GCB is not free, as it requires locking to prevent multiple processes from modifying the same data at the same time. This is where the Global Cache Buffer Busy Event comes into play.

The Global Cache Buffer Busy Event is an event that occurs when a process tries to access the GCB, but the buffer is already being used by another process. This event can be either "gc buffer busy acquire" or "gc buffer busy release". The first one indicates that the current process needs to wait for the buffer to become available, while the second one means that the current process needs to release the buffer before it can be used by another process.

### Differentiation between two cases

From 11g onwards, the Global Cache Buffer Busy Event differentiated between two cases:

1. If the existing GC open request originated from the local instance, then the current session will wait for 'gc buffer busy acquire'. In this case, the current process is waiting for another process in the local instance to acquire the GC lock, on behalf of the local instance. Once the GC lock is acquired, the current process can access that buffer without additional GC processing (if the lock is acquired in a compatible mode).

2. If the existing GC open request originated from a remote instance, then the current session will wait for 'gc buffer busy release' event. In this case, the session is waiting for another remote session (hence another instance) to release the GC lock, so that the local instance can acquire buffer.

### Example

Following output should show the differentiation with much clarity:

```
Event: gc buffer busy acquire
Process ID: 12345
Instance: local
Action: Waiting for GC lock
```

```
Event: gc buffer busy release
Process ID: 67890
Instance: remote
Action: Releasing GC lock
```

### Conclusion

Understanding the Global Cache Buffer Busy Event is crucial for optimizing performance in Oracle Database. By knowing when to wait for the buffer to become available and when to release it, processes can avoid conflicts and improve their overall efficiency. This lesson has provided a clear explanation of the event and its differentiation between two cases, as well as an example to illustrate the concept.


text:
'Cold' Carriers to up travel time for transplant hearts

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You cannot blame transplant surgeons for having high BP. After all, speeding in an ambulance across the city, removing a beating heart (or liver or lung) from a brain-dead patient, putting it in a box of saline and rushing back before the organ gets infected or stops beating... and then operating for 6-12 hours, cannot be good for the nerves.

The heart transplant team at Global Health City may be able to breathe a little easier soon, when they procure new organ transportation cases that are equipped with cold perfusion technology. “Right now, the organs are carried in sterilised boxes with ice and saline, which keep the organ usable for up to four hours. But the battle against time is a constant worry,” said Dr R Ravi Kumar, senior interventional cardiologist at the hospital.

Despite its having the best organ transplant programme in the country, at least a 100 harvested organs go to waste every year, rued cardiologist Dr Nandkishore Kapadia at the inauguration of Global’s Heart Failure Clinic on Wednesday. Most of it is because the organ gets infected before it reaches the recipient.

In contrast, the cold perfusion boxes will keep feeding the heart cold nutrients that circulate inside the blood-pumping organ, allowing it to stay alive and fresh for longer. “Studies have indicated that these cases will be able to keep harvested cadaver hearts alive for up to nine hours,” he added about the boxes which have been procured at a cost of `60 lakh.

While the additional time will make it easier for ambulance drivers who battle the city’s traffic every day, what it really does is open up the possibility of procuring organs from further south. “At the moment, we struggle to procure organs from Tiruchy, which is about three hours away through our ‘green corridor’. With the advantage of these boxes, we may be able to receive organs from places like Coimbatore soon,” said Dr Ravi.

Global’s Heart Failure Clinic brings together the whole gamut of heart services from elective surgeries to emergencies in one department and is among the few of its kind in the country.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Prevent Organ Wastage During Transplantation

Introduction:
Organ transplantation is a life-saving procedure that involves transferring healthy organs from one person to another. However, the process is time-sensitive, and any delay can lead to organ wastage. In this lesson, we will learn about cold perfusion technology, which helps preserve organs during transportation, reducing the risk of wastage.

Section 1: What is Cold Perfusion Technology?
Cold perfusion technology is a medical technique that uses cold temperatures to preserve organs during transportation. This method involves placing the organ in a special container filled with cold saline solution, which helps maintain the organ's viability.

Section 2: How does Cold Perfusion Technology work?
Cold perfusion technology works by reducing the metabolic activity of the organ, which slows down the aging process. This process preserves the organ's structure and function, making it more suitable for transplantation.

Section 3: Advantages of Cold Perfusion Technology
The advantages of cold perfusion technology include:
- Preserving the organ's viability for a longer period
- Reducing the risk of organ wastage
- Enhancing the success rate of transplantation

Section 4: Applications of Cold Perfusion Technology
Cold perfusion technology can be applied in various scenarios, including:
- Transportation of organs over long distances
- Preservation of organs during storage
- Pre-transplantation preparation of organs

Section 5: Conclusion
In conclusion, cold perfusion technology is a valuable tool in the field of organ transplantation. By preserving organs during transportation, this technology reduces the risk of wastage and enhances the success rate of transplantation. As a result, it has the potential to save many lives.

Glossary:
- Organ: A part of the body that performs a specific function
- Transplantation: The process of transferring an organ from one person to another
- Perfusion: The process of supplying blood to an organ or tissue
- Viability: The ability of an organ to function properly

Self-Debate Discussion:
How can we improve the success rate of organ transplantation?

Answer: Improving the success rate of organ transplantation requires a multi-faceted approach. We can:
- Educate people about organ donation and encourage them to sign up as donors
- Develop better methods for organ preservation and transportation
- Improve surgical techniques and post-operative care
- Conduct more research to understand the underlying causes of organ rejection and develop strategies to prevent it.

By addressing these aspects, we can significantly improve the success rate of organ transplantation and save more lives.