text:
Thank you for visiting Dick's Sporting Goods. If you need assistance with shopping on our site, please call us at 1-877-846-9997 and a customer care representative will be happy to assist you. Please inform the Customer Service representative that you require assistance.

Customer Reviews:

Rated 4.4 out of 5áby 11
reviewers.

Rated 4 out of 5áby Sammi does the job
This foam roller is just fine. Its length isn't as I thought when I ordered it. The foam roller ones at my gym apparently are longer. . My fault. But overall if does what I need it to do.
July 13, 2016

Rated 5 out of 5áby Pam70 GoFit Foam Roller
I use one similar at the physical therapy before my surgery and after surgery. It helps strengthened my right knee before and after knee replacement on March 8, 2016 plus I wished I had had one when I had my left knee was replaced last year.
February 28, 2016

Rated 5 out of 5áby Donjmason Great product
This roller is perfect for getting out those tight spots. Good quality, portable and very firm. Product is perfect for its purpose.
March 29, 2015

Rated 5 out of 5áby NTICPT Highly recommend!
Self Myofascial Fascial Release is one of the best ways to stretch. This will help you accomplish that.
February 15, 2015

Rated 5 out of 5áby jeff Great Product
This is a great product for getting to those sore muscles and getting the kinks out.
December 11, 2014

Rated 2 out of 5áby Runnerlynne Go fit pro roller
Lame. Harder than most and really worth about 1$ prob to produce. Looking for more actual foam roller. Returned. It was a hard massage since the product has 0 give.
December 7, 2014

Rated 4 out of 5áby ItalBiker Same foam roller as in physical therapy
This is the same high-quality closed cell rigid foam as the roller I have used in physical therapy. Great for working on those sore muscles and comes with a good quality instruction book.
June 24, 2014

Rated 5 out of 5áby Gmy Was as advertised
Depending on its longevity the ball is exactly as advertised - if it breaks in the next year or 2 I'll revise. If you don't like the iron pellets that weight it (they make noise) then go with another ball; this one works fine for me
March 27, 2014

Rated 4 out of 5áby Synthetic_Ash Great for relieving tight muscles.
This is the first foam roller I've owned (and used, for that matter) and I am happy with it so far. I've used it practically everyday for about a month. I went with a basic model to start out with after reading how much discomfort foam rollers can cause when you're first starting out. It has really helped relax tight muscles, and I feel so much better afterwards.
January 21, 2014

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Self-Myofascial Release

Overview:
Self-myofascial release (SMFR) is a technique used to release tension in the body's soft tissues, such as muscles, tendons, and ligaments. This technique involves applying pressure to these tissues using a foam roller or other tools. In this lesson, we will explore the basics of SMFR, including its benefits, how to perform the technique, and common mistakes to avoid.

Benefits of SMFR:

1. Improved flexibility: SMFR can help increase flexibility by releasing tension in the muscles and connective tissues.

2. Reduced pain and discomfort: By releasing tension in the body, SMFR can help alleviate pain and discomfort in muscles and joints.

3. Enhanced performance: SMFR can improve athletic performance by increasing flexibility, reducing pain, and improving blood flow to the muscles.

4. Better recovery: SMFR can aid in recovery by helping to reduce inflammation and promote healing in the body.

How to Perform SMFR:

1. Choose a foam roller: A foam roller is a cylindrical piece of foam that comes in various sizes. Choose one that is comfortable for you to use.

2. Find a flat surface: Lie down on a flat surface, such as a mat or carpeted floor, to roll on the foam roller.

3. Position the roller: Place the foam roller under your body, positioning it so that the area you want to work on is directly beneath the roller.

4. Roll back and forth: Slowly move back and forth along the roller, applying pressure to the muscles. Move slowly and steadily, making sure to cover the entire length of the muscle.

5. Hold the stretch: When you find a tender spot, hold the stretch for 30 seconds to allow the muscle to release tension.

Common Mistakes to Avoid:

1. Rolling over bony areas: Avoid rolling over bony areas, such as the spine or hip bones, as this can cause discomfort and potential injury.

2. Overdoing it: Start with light pressure and gradually increase as you become more comfortable with the technique.

3. Skipping breathing: Remember to breathe while performing SMFR. Holding your breath can increase stress on the body and limit the benefits of the technique.

Conclusion:
SMFR is a valuable tool for improving flexibility, reducing pain, enhancing performance, and promoting recovery. By following the guidelines provided in this lesson, you can safely and effectively incorporate SMFR into your fitness routine.


text: China is a major exporter of new energy industries including photovoltaic industry. Photovoltaic enterprises use a large number of guide wheels during the slice cutting of polycrystalline silicon andmonocrystalline silicon. The guide wheels can be grouped by materials as resin, steel and carbon fiber ones. Wuxi Micro Research is specialized in the repair, coating and precision grooves cutting businesses for all types and models of guide wheels with the support of many precision equipment and technical talents.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Guide Wheels

### Section 1: What are Guide Wheels?
Guide wheels are essential components in the manufacturing process of photovoltaic products such as solar panels. They are used to guide the movement of the material being cut, ensuring that the cut is accurate and precise. Guide wheels come in different materials, including resin, steel, and carbon fiber.

### Section 2: Types of Guide Wheels
There are three main types of guide wheels, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Resin guide wheels are lightweight and inexpensive, but they tend to wear out quickly. Steel guide wheels are durable and long-lasting, but they are also heavy and can be expensive. Carbon fiber guide wheels are lightweight and strong, but they can be more expensive than other types of guide wheels.

### Section 3: How Guide Wheels Work
Guide wheels work by providing a smooth and consistent surface for the material being cut to move against. This ensures that the cut is straight and accurate, which is essential for producing high-quality photovoltaic products. The guide wheels are attached to a machine that moves them along the material being cut, and they are designed to provide just the right amount of friction and resistance to ensure that the cut is precise.

### Section 4: The Importance of Guide Wheels
Guide wheels are an important part of the photovoltaic manufacturing process because they help to ensure that the final product is of the highest quality. Without guide wheels, the cut would not be accurate, and the solar panels produced would not be effective. Guide wheels are also important because they help to reduce waste and improve efficiency in the manufacturing process.

### Conclusion
In conclusion, guide wheels are an essential component in the photovoltaic industry. They play a crucial role in ensuring that the final product is of the highest quality, and they help to reduce waste and improve efficiency in the manufacturing process. By understanding the different types of guide wheels and how they work, we can appreciate their importance in the production of solar panels.


text: KARACHI: Alamgir Khan, whose claim-to-fame is the Fix-it campaign in the city has been released on bail on Friday, a day after he was arrested while trying to stage a unique protest outside the Sindh Chief Minister’s House, Aaj News reported.. He had reached the CM House with a garbage collecting truck and taken into custody by the policemen standing guard outside the fortified residence of Sindh CM Qaim Ali Shah.. Khan, who is also a Pakistan Tehrik-e-Insaf member has been leading an aggressive campaign against the civic agencies of the city for the last few weeks.. During the campaign Khan fixed open manholes, cleaned walls and repaired roads along with a few volunteers.. An FIR was registered against them at the Civil Lines police station on the government’s complaint.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Critical Thinking

Introduction:
Critical thinking is the process of analyzing information and arguments to make informed decisions. It is an essential skill that helps us understand complex issues and solve problems effectively. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of critical thinking and how it can be applied in various scenarios.

Section 1: Understanding Critical Thinking

Topic 1: What is critical thinking?
Critical thinking is the ability to analyze information objectively and make reasoned judgments. It involves questioning assumptions, evaluating evidence, and considering alternative points of view.

Topic 2: Why is critical thinking important?
Critical thinking is important because it helps us make informed decisions based on evidence rather than emotion or personal bias. It enables us to identify flaws in arguments and recognize when we are being misled or manipulated. By developing our critical thinking skills, we can become better problem solvers, more effective communicators, and more successful learners.

Section 2: Applying Critical Thinking

Topic 1: Analyzing information
To apply critical thinking, we need to analyze information carefully and objectively. This means looking for evidence that supports or contradicts a claim, considering alternative explanations, and evaluating the credibility of sources.

Topic 2: Evaluating arguments
Once we have analyzed the information, we can evaluate arguments based on the evidence presented. We need to consider the strengths and weaknesses of each argument, as well as any counterarguments that may exist.

Topic 3: Making decisions
After evaluating the arguments, we can make informed decisions based on the evidence. This involves considering the potential consequences of our actions, weighing the pros and cons, and choosing the best course of action.

Section 3: Examples of Critical Thinking

Topic 1: Identifying flaws in arguments
Let's say someone argues that all dogs are dangerous because they have sharp teeth. We can use critical thinking to identify flaws in this argument by pointing out that not all dogs are aggressive, and many breeds are known for their gentleness and loyalty.

Topic 2: Recognizing manipulation
Suppose someone tries to convince us to invest in a risky stock by promising high returns. Using critical thinking, we can recognize that this may be a scam or a high-risk investment, and decide not to invest our money.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, critical thinking is an essential skill that helps us make informed decisions based on evidence rather than emotion or personal bias. By applying critical thinking to the information we encounter, we can identify flaws in arguments, recognize manipulation, and make better choices in our personal and professional lives.


text: Project Description. Jack Daniel’s Old No. 7. Jack Daniel’s was established in 1866 and is the best selling whiskey in the world. It is produced in Lynchburg, Tennessee, by the Jack Daniel Distillery, where the whiskey is charcoal mellowed and matured in in oak barrels. The distillery has been owned by the Brown-Forman Corporation since 1956.. Today, Jeff Arnett is the Master Distiller at Jack Daniel’s. He is the seventh Master Distiller since Jack Daniel himself. However, the distillery is still based on Jack’s tradition and motto: “Every day we make it, we’ll make it the best we can”.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Whiskey

## Section 1: What is Whiskey?
Whiskey is a type of alcoholic beverage that is made from fermented grain mash. It is typically aged in oak barrels, which gives it its unique flavor. There are many different types of whiskey, including bourbon, scotch, Irish, and rye. In this lesson, we will focus on Jack Daniel’s Old No. 7, a popular brand of Tennessee whiskey.

## Section 2: How is Jack Daniel’s Made?
Jack Daniel’s is made by first distilling the grain mash (which contains corn, rye, and malted barley) to create a liquid called “distiller’s beer.” This liquid is then put into charred oak barrels to age for at least four years. During this time, the liquid absorbs the flavors of the oak and the charred wood, which gives it its distinct taste. After aging, the whiskey is filtered through charcoal to remove impurities and coloring. Finally, water is added to dilute the alcohol content to about 40% before it is bottled and sold.

## Section 3: The History of Jack Daniel’s
Jack Daniel’s was founded in 1866 by a man named Jack Daniel. He was a Tennessee farmer who learned how to distill whiskey from a neighbor. Jack Daniel’s became very successful and is now the best-selling whiskey in the world. In 1956, the company was bought by the Brown-Forman Corporation, but it is still based in Lynchburg, Tennessee, where it has been made for over 150 years.

## Section 4: The Master Distiller
Jeff Arnett is the current Master Distiller at Jack Daniel’s. He is the seventh person to hold this title, and he works to ensure that the whiskey is made to the highest quality standards. Jack Daniel himself said, “Every day we make it, we’ll make it the best we can,” and this is still the motto of the company today.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we have learned about what whiskey is, how Jack Daniel’s is made, and some of the history behind this famous brand. We have also met the current Master Distiller, Jeff Arnett. Whiskey has a long and rich history, and there are many different types to explore. By understanding the process of making whiskey and the traditions that have been passed down through generations, we can appreciate the craftsmanship and dedication that goes into creating this delicious drink.

Glossary:
- Whiskey: A type of alcoholic beverage made from fermented grain mash
- Grain mash: A mixture of grains (such as corn, rye, and malted barley) that is used to make whiskey
- Oak barrels: Barrels made from oak wood, which are used to age whiskey
- Distiller’s beer: The liquid that is created after distilling the grain mash
- Charred oak: Oak wood that has been burned to create a smoky flavor
- Filtration: The process of passing liquid through a material to remove impurities or coloring
- Alcohol content: The percentage of alcohol in a drink
- Dilution: The process of adding water to a drink to reduce its alcohol content
- Master Distiller: A person who oversees the production of a particular type of alcohol.


text: This. The name of our session is “Forging our own path whatever our footwear of choice” and it is being held between 11.25 – 12.10 UK time.. During the session we will discuss and identify things that may hold women back from pioneering and will consider some helpful techniques and tools to support us; giving us the courage to strive to deliver the change we wish to see in the world.. We are hugely grateful to the awesome Becky Margiotta: founder of the Billions Institute for the use of a number of her resources. To learn more about, or to develop your own skills as a social change leader, check the Billions Institute out, their courses are highly recommended and truly transformational.. We hope to see you on the 8th March 2021 at Come and meet us between 11.25 – 12.10 UK time, we’d be delighted to share time, conversation and a giggle with you.. See you there – much love and courage Helen and Chris X.

textbook:
Lesson: Finding Your Own Path in Life
Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the importance of finding your own path in life and how to overcome obstacles that may hold you back. We will also discuss techniques and tools that can help you achieve your goals and make a positive impact on the world around you.
Section 1: Understanding the Importance of Finding Your Own Path
Topic 1: Why is it important to find your own path in life?
- Discussion: Why is it important to have a unique identity and purpose in life?
- Activity: Write down three reasons why finding your own path is important to you.
Topic 2: What obstacles might hold you back from finding your own path?
- Discussion: Identify common obstacles that people face when trying to find their own path.
- Activity: Create a list of five obstacles that might hold you back and brainstorm ways to overcome them.
Section 2: Techniques and Tools for Finding Your Own Path
Topic 1: How can you develop your skills as a social change leader?
- Discussion: Learn about the Billions Institute and its courses on social change leadership.
- Activity: Research other organizations that offer similar courses or resources.
Topic 2: What tools can help you achieve your goals?
- Discussion: Explore different tools and resources that can help you achieve your goals, such as goal-setting apps or mentorship programs.
- Activity: Choose one tool that you will use to help you achieve your goals and create a plan for using it effectively.
Section 3: Applying Your Skills to Make a Positive Impact
Topic 1: How can you use your skills to make a difference in the world?
- Discussion: Discuss examples of people who have used their skills to make a positive impact on the world.
- Activity: Brainstorm ways that you can use your skills to make a difference in your community or the world at large.
Topic 2: What is the importance of perseverance and resilience in achieving your goals?
- Discussion: Explore the importance of perseverance and resilience in achieving your goals.
- Activity: Share a time when you faced a challenge and how you overcame it.
Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have explored the importance of finding your own path in life and how to overcome obstacles that may hold you back. We have also discussed techniques and tools that can help you achieve your goals and make a positive impact on the world around you. By applying the skills and knowledge you have gained in this lesson, you can find your own path and make a difference in the world.


text: A Los Angeles native, Kevin traveled a long way to come to Emmanuel, but the sense of community he found on campus convinced him to make the move. In his first year, he helped lead the men's volleyball team to an appearance in the conference finals. The History and Secondary Education major is excited to be participating in his pre-practicum this year. "Any major requires hard work and dedication and I'm glad mine is going to a subject I can talk about for hours. I've learned a lot from my professors in these short couple of years, but every lesson is better than the last.".

textbook:
Lesson: Finding Your Passion Through Education

Introduction:
Education is an essential part of our lives. It helps us learn new things, develop skills, and find our passion. In this lesson, we will explore how education can help us discover our interests and pursue them with dedication and hard work.

Section 1: The Importance of Education

Topic 1: Why is education important?
- Education is essential for personal growth and development.
- It helps us acquire knowledge and skills that we need in our daily lives.
- Education broadens our perspective and helps us become more empathetic towards others.

Topic 2: How does education help us find our passion?
- Education exposes us to various subjects, ideas, and people that can ignite our interests.
- It provides us with opportunities to explore different fields and gain experience.
- Education helps us develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills, which are essential when pursuing our passions.

Section 2: Finding Your Passion

Topic 1: How do I know what my passion is?
- Reflect on your interests and hobbies.
- Think about what activities make you feel happy and fulfilled.
- Consider what you are naturally good at or enjoy doing.

Topic 2: How can I explore my interests?
- Take classes or workshops related to your interests.
- Join clubs or organizations that share your interests.
- Volunteer or intern in fields that interest you.

Section 3: Pursuing Your Passion

Topic 1: How do I turn my passion into a career?
- Research and learn about your field of interest.
- Develop skills and gain experience in your field.
- Network with professionals in your industry.

Topic 2: What challenges might I face when pursuing my passion?
- Financial constraints
- Lack of support from family and friends
- Competition and rejection

Conclusion:
In conclusion, education plays a crucial role in helping us discover our passions and pursue them with dedication and hard work. By exploring our interests and gaining knowledge and skills, we can turn our passions into successful careers. Remember, every lesson is better than the last, and every step towards your passion is worth taking.

Glossary:
- Education: The process of acquiring knowledge and skills.
- Passion: A strong feeling of enthusiasm or excitement for something.
- Critical thinking: The ability to analyze information and ideas objectively.
- Problem-solving: The process of finding solutions to problems.

Self-Debate Discussion:
- What are some ways to overcome challenges when pursuing your passion?
- How can you stay motivated when faced with obstacles?
- What role does education play in developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills?


text: Experts believe a pioneering breakthrough by a Manchester hospital research team could pave the way for doctors to better understand and treat adults with Cystic Fibrosis (CF), helping them live longer and healthier lives... Manchester Researchers Discover Half Of All Adults With Cystic Fibrosis Affected By Airborne Fungus. Experts believe a pioneering breakthrough by a Manchester hospital research team could pave the way for doctors to better understand and treat adults with Cystic Fibrosis (CF), helping them live longer and healthier lives.

textbook:
**Title:** Understanding Cystic Fibrosis and its Impact on Adults

**Introduction:** Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs, pancreas, and other organs. It is caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene, which leads to the production of thick, sticky mucus in the lungs and other organs. This mucus can obstruct airways and lead to chronic lung infections, digestive problems, and other complications. In this lesson, we will explore the impact of CF on adults and the pioneering breakthrough by Manchester researchers that could improve treatment options.

**Section 1: Understanding Cystic Fibrosis**

**Topic 1: Symptoms and Complications**

- CF primarily affects the lungs and digestive system, causing persistent coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.
- Thick mucus buildup in the lungs can lead to chronic lung infections, which can cause permanent damage over time.
- Digestive problems, such as malabsorption of nutrients, can lead to poor growth, weight loss, and vitamin deficiencies.
- CF can also affect the liver, pancreas, and sinuses, leading to additional complications.

**Topic 2: Diagnosis and Treatment**

- CF is typically diagnosed through newborn screening or genetic testing.
- Treatment options include antibiotics to treat lung infections, medications to help clear mucus from the lungs, and enzyme replacement therapy to aid in digestion.
- In some cases, lung transplantation may be necessary to treat severe lung damage.
- Early intervention and ongoing management are crucial for maintaining quality of life and preventing complications.

**Section 2: The Impact of CF on Adults**

**Topic 1: Life Expectancy**

- While there is no cure for CF, advances in treatment have led to increased life expectancy for those with the condition.
- The median predicted age of survival for someone with CF has increased from 11 years in 1950 to 47 years in 2010.
- However, life expectancy still varies widely depending on factors such as the severity of the disease and access to quality care.

**Topic 2: Quality of Life**

- CF can have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, including physical limitations, social isolation, and emotional challenges.
- Many adults with CF must manage their care throughout adulthood, which can be time-consuming and stressful.
- Additionally, the risk of complications and frequent hospitalizations can take a toll on mental health and overall well-being.

**Section 3: The Pioneering Breakthrough by Manchester Researchers**

**Topic 1: The Discovery of Airborne Fungus**

- Manchester researchers have discovered that half of all adults with CF are affected by an airborne fungus known as Aspergillus fumigatus.
- This fungus can cause lung infections and other complications in individuals with weakened immune systems.
- The discovery of this link could lead to more targeted treatments and prevention strategies for those with CF.

**Topic 2: Potential Impact on Treatment**

- Understanding the relationship between CF and airborne fungus could lead to new treatment options that target both the underlying cause of the condition and the associated complications.
- This could include antifungal medications, vaccines, or other interventions that could improve the quality of life for those with CF.
- Additionally, identifying and reducing exposure to airborne fungus could potentially reduce the incidence of related complications.

**Conclusion:** Cystic Fibrosis is a complex genetic disorder that affects multiple organs in the body. While treatment options have improved significantly in recent decades, there is still much work to be done to improve the quality of life for those living with CF. The pioneering breakthrough by Manchester researchers offers hope for more targeted treatments and prevention strategies that could improve outcomes for adults with CF. By understanding the impact of CF on adults and the potential implications of this new discovery, we can continue to advocate for better care and support for those affected by this condition.


text: Inclusive mobility for an inclusive society: new approaches and solutions. How can transport benefit us all?. The INCLUSION and HiReach projects team up and invite you to their final virtual conference on 22 September 2020.. Join us for an interactive event and learn more about Tools, Methods, and Approaches to designing a more inclusive mobility system for all, and in particular, for vulnerable-to-exclusion people living in urban, peri-urban, rural and remote areas.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Inclusive Mobility for an Inclusive Society

**Introduction**

Mobility is essential for our daily lives. It allows us to travel from one place to another, whether it's for work, education, or leisure. However, not everyone has equal access to mobility. Vulnerable groups such as the elderly, people with disabilities, and those living in remote areas often face challenges in accessing transportation. This can lead to social exclusion, which is a significant issue in today's society. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of inclusive mobility and how it can benefit society.

**Section 1: What is Inclusive Mobility?**

Inclusive mobility refers to a transportation system that is accessible and equitable for all people, regardless of their age, ability, or socio-economic status. It involves designing and implementing transportation solutions that take into account the needs of vulnerable groups and ensure that they have equal opportunities to participate in society.

**Section 2: Why is Inclusive Mobility Important?**

Inclusive mobility is essential because it promotes social inclusion and reduces inequality. When transportation is accessible to everyone, it allows vulnerable groups to participate in education, employment, and community activities. This, in turn, can improve their quality of life and contribute to a more cohesive and equitable society.

**Section 3: How can we Achieve Inclusive Mobility?**

There are several ways to achieve inclusive mobility, including:

1. Designing transportation infrastructure that is accessible to all, such as building ramps, elevators, and accessible restrooms in public transportation stations.
2. Providing affordable and flexible transportation options, such as low-cost buses or taxi vouchers for vulnerable groups.
3. Implementing innovative technologies, such as autonomous vehicles or mobile apps that provide real-time information about transportation options.
4. Encouraging public-private partnerships to fund and implement inclusive mobility solutions.
5. Educating the public and policymakers about the importance of inclusive mobility and how it can benefit society.

**Section 4: Practical Examples**

Let's consider a scenario where a person with a physical disability needs to travel to a job interview. Without accessible transportation options, they may have to rely on family or friends for assistance, which can be both inconvenient and embarrassing. Alternatively, if there were accessible buses or trains available, the person could travel independently and with dignity.

Another example is a rural community where the nearest grocery store is several miles away. Without reliable transportation, residents may have to travel long distances to buy food, which can be expensive and time-consuming. However, if there were affordable and frequent bus services connecting the community to the nearest town, residents could easily access essential services and goods.

**Conclusion**

Inclusive mobility is crucial for creating an equitable and cohesive society. By designing and implementing transportation solutions that take into account the needs of vulnerable groups, we can ensure that everyone has equal opportunities to participate in society. This can lead to a more just and prosperous future for all.

**Glossary**

- Accessible: Designed for use by people with disabilities.
- Social inclusion: The process of ensuring that all individuals have equal access to opportunities and resources in society.
- Inequality: The state of being unequal, especially in terms of opportunity and resources.
- Infrastructure: The basic physical and organizational framework of a system or organization.


text:
Q:

How to make a job idempotent for 1 run every month (Rails 5)?

I need to generate invoices once per month, according to the EST/EDT timezone (the clients are throughout the country but in this industry billing happens at the same timezone).
I'm creating a GenerateInvoicesJob but I'm having trouble reasoning about a 100% perfect way to generate invoices so that there isn't any possible duplicate/confusion with regards to:

Generate invoices only once per month
Let the job run every day
Make the job idempotent

Then the final point which is the hard one for me, how do I ensure that there are no bugs with EST/DST and 1 hour slipping through.
Here is my clock.rb:
every(1.day, 'GenerateInvoicesJob', tz: 'America/New_York', at: '04:00') do
  Delayed::Job.enqueue GenerateInvoicesJob.new, queue: 'high'
end

And here's the top of my job:
Unit.where(enabled: true)
  .joins(:user)
  .where('last_invoice_generated_at <= ?', Time.now.utc.end_of_month)
  .each do |unit|

  ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
    unit.update_attributes(
      last_invoice_generated_at: Time.now.utc
    )
    invoice = Invoice.create!(
      ...
    )
    line_item = LineItem.create!(
      ...
    )
  end

I realize the direct conditional logic might be wrong, so that's not entirely my question... my main addition to that question is whats the best way overall to do this so I can make sure that all times in EST are 100% accounted for, including weird off-by-1-hour bugs, etc. This job is super important so I'm hesitant on a way to make it perfect.
On top of that I"m not sure whether I should store UTC in the database.... normally I know you always are supposed to store UTC, but I know UTC doesnt have DST so I'm afraid if I store it like that, the job could run one time and invoices would be not run properly

A:

I would do something like this in the worker:
# `beginning_of_month` because we want to load units that haven't
# been billed this month
units_to_bill = Unit.where(enabled: true)
  .where('last_invoice_generated_at < ?', Time.current.beginning_of_month)

# `find_each` because it needs less memory
units_to_bill.find_each do |unit|

  # Beginn a transaction to ensure all or nothing is updated
  Unit.transaction do

    # reload the unit, because it might have been updated by another
    # task in the meantime
    unit.reload

    # lock the current unit for updates
    unit.lock!

    # check if the condition is still true
    if unit.last_invoice_generated_at < 1.month.ago

      # generate invoices
      # invoice = Invoice.create!(
      # line_item = LineItem.create!(

      # last step update unit
      unit.update_attributes(
        last_invoice_generated_at: Time.current
      )
    end
  end
end

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: How to make a job idempotent for 1 run every month (Rails 5)?

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to create a job that runs once per month and is idempotent. We will also discuss how to ensure that there are no bugs with EST/DST and 1 hour slipping through.

Section 1: Understanding the problem
The problem we are trying to solve is to generate invoices only once per month and make the job idempotent so that there is no possibility of duplicate or confusion.

Section 2: Creating a job that runs once per month
To create a job that runs once per month, we can use the `delayed_job` gem. This gem allows us to schedule jobs to run at a specific time in the future. We can set up our job to run at 4:00 AM EST/EDT every day using the following code:

```ruby
every(1.day, 'GenerateInvoicesJob', tz: 'America/New_York', at: '04:00') do
  Delayed::Job.enqueue GenerateInvoicesJob.new, queue: 'high'
end
```

This code will run the `GenerateInvoicesJob` at 4:00 AM EST/EDT every day. To make the job idempotent, we need to ensure that it does not generate invoices if they have already been generated for the month.

Section 3: Making the job idempotent
To make the job idempotent, we need to check if invoices have already been generated for the month before running the job. We can do this by querying the database and checking the `last_invoice_generated_at` column for each unit. If the column is blank or if the date is greater than the current date, then we can generate invoices. Otherwise, we can skip the job for that month.

```ruby
Unit.where(enabled: true)
  .joins(:user)
  .where('last_invoice_generated_at <= ?', Time.now.utc.end_of_month)
  .each do |unit|
    # Generate invoices for this unit
end
```

Section 4: Ensuring no bugs with EST/DST and 1 hour slipping through
To ensure that there are no bugs with EST/DST and 1 hour slipping through, we need to take into account the daylight saving time changes. We can do this by using the `Time.now.utc.end_of_month` method to get the last day of the month and then adjusting it for daylight saving time changes.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to create a job that runs once per month and is idempotent. We discussed how to ensure that there are no bugs with EST/DST and 1 hour slipping through by adjusting for daylight saving time changes. By applying these concepts, we can create a robust and reliable system for generating invoices.

Glossary:
- Idempotent: A function or operation that produces the same result when called multiple times with the same input, regardless of the intermediate states of the system.
- Daylight Saving Time (DST): The practice of advancing clocks during warmer months so that evenings have more daylight.


text: Root Chakra or Muladhara is the first chakra, your connection to the Earth. Muladhara literary means "the root and basis of all existence". It's element is Earth. It deals with survival and security.. The color of the Root Chakra is red and it is located at the base of the spine. The energy of Muladhara allows you to harness courage, resourcefulness and the will to live during trying times. It connects you with spiritual energies of our ancestors, their challenges and their triumphs. Since the root chakra carries our ancestral memories, basically everyone experiences challenges or blockages within it.. Imbalances In the Root Chakra. When there is an imbalance in the root chakra, you may experience fear, feelings of lack or poverty, disconnection, anxiety and greed. Physical imbalances may manifest as lower back pain (feeling unsupported), elimination issues (holding on) and stiffness in legs, knees or feet (fear of moving forward). Hoarding and eating disorders (control) are signs of an imbalanced root chakra..

textbook:
Lesson: Root Chakra - The Basis of All Existence

## Introduction
The Root Chakra or Muladhara is the first chakra in our body. It is responsible for our connection to the earth and is associated with the element of earth. This chakra is responsible for our survival, security, and grounding. In this lesson, we will learn about the Root Chakra, its importance, and how to balance it.

## Section 1: What is the Root Chakra?
The Root Chakra or Muladhara is the first chakra in our body. It is located at the base of the spine and is responsible for our connection to the earth. The color of the Root Chakra is red, and it is associated with the element of earth. This chakra is responsible for our survival, security, and grounding. It helps us feel connected to the earth and provides us with a sense of stability and safety.

## Section 2: Importance of the Root Chakra
The Root Chakra is essential for our well-being and health. It helps us feel grounded and connected to the earth, which is necessary for our survival. A balanced Root Chakra can help us feel confident, secure, and stable. On the other hand, an imbalanced Root Chakra can lead to fear, anxiety, and a lack of trust in ourselves and others.

## Section 3: Balancing the Root Chakra
There are several ways to balance the Root Chakra. These include:

1. Spending time in nature: Being in nature can help us feel grounded and connected to the earth. Take a walk in the park, sit by the ocean, or simply observe the beauty of the natural world around you.

2. Eating a balanced diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help us feel nourished and grounded. Eating foods that are grown in the earth can also help us connect with the energy of the earth.

3. Practicing yoga or meditation: Yoga and meditation can help us connect with our bodies and the earth. Try doing some simple poses or sitting in silence for a few minutes each day.

4. Connecting with your ancestors: Our ancestors can provide us with guidance and support. Take some time to learn about your family history and honor your ancestors.

## Section 4: Conclusion
In conclusion, the Root Chakra is essential for our survival and security. It helps us feel grounded and connected to the earth. Balancing the Root Chakra can help us feel confident, secure, and stable. By spending time in nature, eating a balanced diet, practicing yoga or meditation, and connecting with our ancestors, we can balance our Root Chakra and experience the benefits of a balanced and healthy life.

## Glossary
- Chakra: A chakra is an energy center in the body that is responsible for specific aspects of our well-being. There are seven main chakras, each associated with a different color, element, and part of the body.
- Muladhara: Muladhara is the Sanskrit word for the Root Chakra. It means "the root and basis of all existence."
- Element: Each chakra is associated with an element - earth, fire, water, air, ether, or light. These elements correspond to different aspects of our being.
- Ancestors: Ancestors are our family members who have passed away. They can provide us with guidance and support from the spirit world.

## Final Thoughts
In this lesson, we learned about the Root Chakra, its importance, and how to balance it. We discovered that the Root Chakra is essential for our survival and security, and it helps us feel grounded and connected to the earth. By balancing our Root Chakra, we can experience the benefits of a balanced and healthy life.


text: Wednesday, September 4th, 2019 , admin, No Comments. Pool Repair & Restortion. Our service technician will ensure the main pump is clean, and verify the impeller is clear. The main filter must be cleaned for proper flow and effective filtering. The salt system (if you have one) must be checked for proper settings and ensure the cell is clean. If you have automation, the programing will be […]. Wednesday, September 4th, 2019 , admin, No Comments. Are you ready for a longer lasting surface with beauty and longevity?. Plaster resurface Plaster has a 10 to 15 year life and comes with a 1 year warranty. Plaster is made of crushed white marble and white cement. The thickness is usually 1/2″ to 3/4″ and usually does not last as long as the original application. Plaster is very susceptable to chemistry changes causing staining or […]

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Pool Maintenance

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts

In this lesson, we will learn about pool maintenance and its importance in keeping your pool clean and safe for swimming. We will cover the following topics:

1. Types of pool maintenance
2. Importance of regular pool maintenance
3. Common pool maintenance tasks

## Section 2: Questions and Answers

**Question**: What are the different types of pool maintenance?

**Answer**: There are three main types of pool maintenance: mechanical, chemical, and physical. Mechanical maintenance involves cleaning and repairing the pool equipment, such as filters and pumps. Chemical maintenance involves adding and monitoring the pool water chemistry, such as chlorine and pH levels. Physical maintenance involves cleaning the pool itself, including skimming the surface and vacuuming the bottom.

**Question**: Why is regular pool maintenance important?

**Answer**: Regular pool maintenance is essential because it helps prevent waterborne illnesses, prevents damage to the pool equipment, and ensures the pool remains aesthetically pleasing. It also extends the life of your pool and saves you money in the long run by reducing the need for costly repairs.

**Question**: What are some common pool maintenance tasks?

**Answer**: Some common pool maintenance tasks include:
- Skimming the surface of the pool to remove debris
- Vacuuming the bottom of the pool to remove dirt and debris
- Cleaning and sanitizing the pool filter
- Checking and adjusting the pool water chemistry, such as chlorine and pH levels
- Testing the pool water for contaminants and impurities
- Inspecting the pool equipment for any signs of wear or damage

## Section 3: Definitions and Examples

**Definition**: pH level

**Definition**: Chlorine

**Example**: A pool with a low pH level may cause irritation to swimmers' eyes and skin.

**Example**: Adding chlorine to the pool regularly helps to kill bacteria and keep the pool water safe for swimming.

## Glossary

- pH level: A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, with a scale of 0 to 14. A pH level of 7 is considered neutral, while a level below 7 is acidic and a level above 7 is alkaline.
- Chlorine: A chemical compound used as a disinfectant in swimming pools to kill bacteria and other microorganisms.

## Conclusion

In conclusion, regular pool maintenance is crucial in keeping your pool clean and safe for swimming. By understanding the different types of maintenance and common tasks, you can help ensure that your pool stays in optimal condition. Remember to always follow the manufacturer's instructions when maintaining your pool equipment and to consult with a professional if you are unsure about any maintenance procedures.


text: Hutch (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Hutted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hutting.]. To place in huts; to live in huts; as, to hut troops in winter quarters.. The troops hutted among the heights of Morristown.. W. Irving.. © Webster 1913... A jig for washing ore.. Bolting hutch, Booby hutch, etc. See under Bolting, etc.. Hutch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hutched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hutching.]. To hoard or lay up, in a chest.. Milton.. 2. Mining. To wash (ore) in a box or jig.. Log in or registerto write something here or to contact authors.. Need help? accounthelp@everything2.com

textbook:
Lesson: The Core Value of Living Simply

Introduction:
The core value of living simply means living with less material possessions and focusing on experiences rather than things. This lesson will teach you how to apply this core value to your life by reducing clutter, simplifying your lifestyle, and prioritizing what truly matters.

Section 1: Reducing Clutter

Theory: Clutter is anything that takes up space and adds no value to your life. It can be physical objects or mental distractions.

Question: How do I know if something is clutter?
Answer: Ask yourself if the object adds value to your life or if it is just taking up space. If it doesn't add value, consider getting rid of it.

Practical Example: Let's say you have a closet full of clothes that you haven't worn in years. These clothes are clutter because they take up space and don't add any value to your life. You could donate them to someone who would appreciate them or sell them at a thrift store.

Definition: Clutter can be defined as any object or thought that takes up space and adds no value to your life.

Section 2: Simplifying Your Lifestyle

Theory: Simplifying your lifestyle means reducing the number of activities and commitments you have to make more time for what truly matters.

Question: How do I know if an activity adds value to my life?
Answer: Ask yourself if the activity brings you joy or helps you achieve your goals. If it doesn't, consider cutting back on it or eliminating it altogether.

Practical Example: Let's say you have a busy schedule with work, family obligations, and social events. To simplify your lifestyle, you could say no to some invitations or delegate tasks to others to free up time for activities that truly matter to you.

Definition: Simplifying your lifestyle means reducing the number of activities and commitments you have to make more time for what truly matters.

Section 3: Prioritizing What Truly Matters

Theory: Prioritizing what truly matters means identifying the most important people, activities, and values in your life and focusing on those.

Question: How do I know what truly matters to me?
Answer: Reflect on what brings you joy, what you value most, and what you want to achieve in life. Once you identify these things, focus on them and let them guide your decisions.

Practical Example: Let's say you value spending time with family and being outdoors. You could prioritize these things by planning family hikes or picnics in the park.

Definition: Prioritizing what truly matters means identifying the most important people, activities, and values in your life and focusing on those.

Conclusion:
By reducing clutter, simplifying your lifestyle, and prioritizing what truly matters, you can apply the core value of living simply to your life. This will allow you to focus on what is important and create a more fulfilling life.

Glossary:
Clutter - Anything that takes up space and adds no value to your life.
Core Value - A guiding principle that shapes your beliefs and actions.
Living Simply - A lifestyle characterized by minimalism and focusing on experiences over things.
Prioritizing - Identifying what is most important and focusing on those things.


text: Women's Rights and Development. Why has the expansion of women's economic and political rights coincided with economic development? This paper investigates this question,.:. - Iyigun, Murat & Walsh, Randall P., 2005. "Building the Family Nest: Pre-Marital Investments, Marriage Markets and Spousal Allocations," IZA Discussion Papers 1752, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).. -.. - Samuel H. Preston & Michael R. Haines, 1991. "Fatal Years: Child Mortality in Late Nineteenth-Century America," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number pres91-1, November.. - -.. - Iyigun, Murat & Walsh, Randall P., 2007. "Endogenous gender power, household labor supply and the demographic transition," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 82(1), pages 138-155, January.. - Kevin.. - Lagerlöf, Nils-Petter, 2003. "Slavery and other property rights," MPRA Paper 372, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 30 Aug 2006.. -:cpr:ceprdp:74.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Women's Rights and Development

Introduction:
Women's rights have been a topic of discussion for centuries. However, it was not until recently that women began to gain more rights and opportunities in society. This lesson will explore why the expansion of women's economic and political rights has coincided with economic development.

Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
- Explain the concept of human capital and how it relates to economic development.
- Define the term "gender equality" and explain its importance in economic development.

Section 2: Questions and Answers
- Why is it important for women to have equal rights as men in society?
- How does gender equality contribute to economic development?
- What are some examples of women's economic and political rights?

Section 3: Definitions and Examples
- Define the term "human capital" and give an example of how it can be used in the context of economic development.
- Define the term "gender inequality" and provide an example of how it can affect economic development.

Section 4: Practical Examples
- Provide a real-world example of how gender inequality can hinder economic development.
- Discuss how increasing women's rights and opportunities can lead to economic growth.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the expansion of women's economic and political rights has coincided with economic development because gender equality is essential for sustainable development. When women are given equal opportunities and rights, they can contribute more to society and the economy, leading to greater economic growth and development. By understanding the importance of gender equality and human capital, we can work towards creating a more equitable and prosperous world for all.

Glossary:
- Human capital: The knowledge, skills, and abilities possessed by individuals that contribute to economic growth and development.
- Gender equality: The equal treatment of men and women in all aspects of life, including economic, social, and political opportunities.
- Gender inequality: The unequal treatment of men and women based on their gender, leading to disparities in opportunities and outcomes.


text:
Mens Sama Climbing Harness Kit

This item may be available at:

Description

Petzl Mens Sama Climbing Harness Kit Spring 2009 Whether purchasing your first harness or upgrading from an old faithful, this kit offers the perfect mix of gear. The multipurpose, ultra comfortable SAMA harness Kit by Petzl is designed for high performance, the versatile and ultralight VERSO belay device and AmD SCREW-LOCK work perfectly together, and the BANDI chalkbag comes with 100 g of our POWER CRUNCH chalk to get you ready right away for your next climb.Features:The SAMA harness is Petzls top-of-the-line mens multisport harness for high performance in all conditions and is tailored specifically for mans physiqueThe VERSO belay device accepts nearly every rope on the market and is paired with the symmetrical AmD carabiner preventing additional friction caused when HMS type carabiners flip over during useThe mens BANDI chalkbag features a one-handed opening system to facilitate access when you forget to open the bag before you start climbing. Sized to fit a mans hand thus adding both performance and ease of access when you most need it. It can be used with a belt not included or attached to the harness with a carabiner.The kit also contains 100 g of our POWER CRUNCH 100 magnesium carbonate chalk giving you enough to fill the BANDI bag plus extra for a refillSpecial edition CD/DVD includes information and videos unique to this kitSpecifications:CE, EN 12277 type C, UIAA 105 harnessMade in France3-year guaranteeWeight: size M weighs 880 g

textbook:
Lesson: How to Use a Climbing Harness Kit

Introduction:
A climbing harness kit is an essential piece of equipment for rock climbing, mountaineering, and other outdoor activities that require securing oneself to an anchor point. In this lesson, we will learn about the different components of a climbing harness kit and how to use them effectively.

Section 1: Understanding the Components of a Climbing Harness Kit

1.1. Climbing Harness
A climbing harness is a piece of equipment that is worn around the waist and thighs to provide support and stability while climbing. It is typically made of durable materials such as nylon or polyester and features a series of grommets and loops for attaching carabiners and other climbing equipment.

1.2. Belay Device
A belay device is a piece of equipment that is used to control the rope during climbing. It is typically attached to the harness and allows the climber to secure the rope when they reach the top of a route or when they need to take a break. There are several types of belay devices, including the ATC, GriGri, and Petzl Verso.

1.3. Chalk Bag
A chalk bag is a small pouch that is used to hold chalk, a fine white powder that is applied to the hands to improve grip and control while climbing. Chalk bags typically feature a drawstring closure and a loop for attaching to the harness or belt.

Section 2: How to Use a Climbing Harness Kit

2.1. Putting on the Harness
1. Sit on the ground with your legs straight out in front of you.
2. Wrap the harness around your hips, making sure it is snug but not too tight.
3. Attach the grommets on the harness to the loops on the chalk bag using a carabiner.
4. Attach the belay device to the grommet on the harness near your waist.
5. Adjust the straps on the harness so that they are comfortable and secure.

2.2. Using the Belay Device
1. Attach the rope to the belay device using a locking carabiner.
2. As you climb, ensure that the rope is fed smoothly through the belay device.
3. When you reach the top of the route, secure the rope by locking off the belay device.
4. If you need to take a break or rest, unlock the belay device and allow the rope to slide freely.

2.3. Adding Chalk to the Chalk Bag
1. Open the chalk bag and fill it with chalk.
2. Close the chalk bag securely and attach it to your harness or belt.
3. As you climb, periodically shake out your hands to distribute the chalk evenly.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, using a climbing harness kit is an essential skill for anyone who wants to engage in rock climbing or mountaineering. By understanding the components of the kit and how to use them effectively, you can stay safe and secure while enjoying these exciting activities.


text: Abbey Bookbinding and Print - Colour Samples.. Heritage Library Buckram. Heritage is the ultimate Library Buckram which is used throughout the U.K and abroad. Designed to match the traditional library shades. High strength traditional library buckram is made of 100% cotton with acrylic coating producing an exceptionally high scuff and abrasion resistance buckram. The wipeable surface gives an excellent finish for gold embossing ensuring that Heritage is the ideal solution for University thesis and library bindings.. The shades shown are not exact matches to Cloth used. Please allow a slight variation to colours shown and finished product. There could be shades available that are not shown in the list below, please give us a call for full details of all available shades. have to take dangerous side effects in approval before purchasing the cure. Whilst this remedy is not for use in women, it is not known whether this treatment could harm a nursing baby.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Library Binding

**Lesson Overview:** In this lesson, we will learn about library binding, its history, and the materials used in this process. We will also explore the different types of library binding and their purposes.

**Section 1: Introduction to Library Binding**

Library binding is the process of creating hardcover books for libraries. These books are made to withstand heavy use and last for a long time. Library binding has been around for centuries, and it was first used in monasteries to protect religious texts from damage.

**Section 2: Materials Used in Library Binding**

The materials used in library binding are designed to be durable and long-lasting. One of the most common materials used is buckram, which is a type of cloth that is coated with acrylic to make it more resistant to wear and tear. Other materials used in library binding include paper, thread, glue, and covers made from leather or cloth.

**Section 3: Types of Library Binding**

There are several types of library binding, each with its own purpose. Here are some of the most common types:

1. Case Binding: This type of binding is used for books that are going to be used frequently, such as textbooks or reference books. The book is covered with a hard cover made from cardboard or paperboard, and the pages are sewn together to make them more durable.

2. Edition Binding: This type of binding is used for books that are going to be used infrequently, such as rare books or out-of-print books. The book is bound in a style that is similar to the original edition, but it is made more durable to last longer.

3. Rebinding: This type of binding is used when a book needs to be repaired or restored. The book is disbound, and the pages are cleaned, mended, and reordered if necessary. Then, the book is resewn or rebound in a new cover.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

In conclusion, library binding is an important process that helps to preserve books for future generations. By understanding the materials and techniques used in library binding, we can appreciate the care and attention to detail that goes into this process. By applying these principles, we can create books that will stand the test of time.


text:
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Legislative Alert on Early Intervention Law

Advocate for Reauthorization of the Newborn Hearing Screening/Early Intervention Law

On March 10, Congressional Members Guthrie (R-KY) and Capps (D-CA) introduced a bi-partisan bill that proposes to reauthorize the existing Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) Act, which is due to expire in 2015. This is the bill that provides Federal funds to states for newborn hearing screening and also supports state early intervention services. Many ACI Alliance members have observed that too often parents do not receive the information that they need to make early and informed decisions for their deaf child. Working with a coalition of groups, American Cochlear Implant Alliance urged for language in the bill highlighting the need for parents to receive comprehensive, evidence-based information about the range of technology and language development options available to a child with hearing loss. The legislative language proposed by Congressional Members Guthrie and Capps includes specific mention of cochlear implants as a technology option. This is an important and timely law for children born deaf or for those who become deafened by age 3.

We are urging our ACI Alliance members to get involved by asking your Congressional Members to sign on as Co-Sponsors of the bill. This is not difficult to do:

Comments...

Dear Rep. Kuster - my name is Barbara Mellert. I am the mother of two wonderful young men. Both my sons - Thom and Sam - were born deaf but were not diagnosed until they were older because there was no newborn hearing screening back in 1992 and 1994 when they were born. I served on the NH task force that ultimately was successful implementing newborn hearing screening (abbreviated EHDI). Before newborn hearing screening began, most children with hearing loss weren't identified until they were 2 or 3 years old, which resulted in delays in speech, language and communication. My own Thom was one such child. Thom was diagnosed when he was 3-1/2 and fitted with hearing aids at that time. Sam, thanks to being the "younger brother" was diagnosed when he was 15 months old. The differences between the two boys were marked, I think in large part due to their age at diagnosis. It was so much easier for Sam and Sam was out of special education when he was in first grade.

Continued from previous comment...
Contrast with Thom who no longer required special education services when he was a sophomore in high school.
Before legislation was approved by Congress, less than 44% of newborns were screened for hearing loss. Currently, about 96% of all newborns are screened which allows thousands of babies and their families to reap the benefits of early identification. Not only is this better for our children, but it saves millions of dollars each year in reduced special education costs.
RR 1344, the Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Act of 2015, builds upon previous EHDI authorizations to allow vital screening and monitoring to continue. Unfortunately, while most babies are screened and those with hearing loss are detected, many infants who fail their newborn screening tests don't receive timely follow-up or families fail altogether to follow through with appropriate services. I know families in our district where this is the case.

Continued from previous comment...
Loss to follow-up is a critical problem and this bill's increased focus will ensure that those who were identified at birth with hearing loss receive appropriate services that fit with their family's needs and desires.
I urge you to cosponsor HR 1344, the Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Act of 2015. For more information or to cosponsor, please contact Megan Jackson with Congressman Guthrie's office at x53501 or by email at Megan.Jackson@mail.house.gov. You can also also contact Devin McBrayer with Congresswoman Capps' office at x53601 or via email at Devin.McBrayer@mail.house.gov
Thanks so much for considering.
Sincerely,
Barbara Mellert

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Early Intervention Law

Introduction:

Early intervention is a critical component of early childhood education and development. It refers to the provision of support and resources to children who are experiencing developmental delays or disabilities. Early intervention programs aim to enhance a child's physical, cognitive, social, and emotional growth, and to help them reach their full potential. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of early intervention and the role of the law in ensuring that children receive the support they need.

Core Value:

The core value of this lesson is the importance of early intervention in promoting the development and well-being of children with disabilities or delays. Early intervention can make a significant difference in a child's life, helping them to overcome challenges and thrive. The law plays a crucial role in ensuring that all children have access to the resources and support they need to reach their full potential.

Lesson Outline:

I. Introduction to Early Intervention
   A. Definition of Early Intervention
   B. Importance of Early Intervention
II. Early Intervention Law
   A. Overview of the Law
   B. Purpose of the Law
   C. Services Provided Under the Law
III. Advocating for Reauthorization of the Newborn Hearing Screening/Early Intervention Law
   A. Importance of Reauthorization
   B. Role of Advocacy in Reauthorization
IV. Conclusion
   A. Recap of Key Concepts
   B. Application of Skills to New Problems
Glossary:

- Early Intervention: A system of support and resources provided to children who are experiencing developmental delays or disabilities.
- Developmental Delay: A delay in a child's physical, cognitive, social, or emotional growth compared to typical developmental milestones.
- Disability: A condition that affects a person's ability to perform certain tasks or activities, often as a result of physical or mental impairment.
- Early Intervention Law: A law that outlines the services and resources that must be provided to children with disabilities or delays.
- Reauthorization: The process of renewing and updating a law.

Self-Debating Discussion:

Question: Why is early intervention important for children with disabilities or delays?

Answer: Early intervention is important because it can help children overcome developmental challenges and reach their full potential. By providing support and resources early on, children can develop the skills they need to succeed in school and in life. Early intervention can also help prevent further delays or complications, and can improve the overall quality of life for children and their families.


text: ). 0 Network Points. Activity Points 890 reducing thier productivity which is hazardous both for the company as well as the indivisual. Often life becomes monotonous for such indivisuals ,hence hampering thier success .unsatifaction make the importance of money but actually materialistic things don’t make much difference in the far future  to love his job to progress in every prospect of life therefore it is essential to have job satisfaction for mental peace

textbook:
**Lesson:** Job Satisfaction and Its Importance

**Introduction:** In today's fast-paced world, people spend a significant amount of time at their workplace. It is crucial to have a job that not only provides financial stability but also brings joy and fulfillment. Job satisfaction is an individual's emotional and intellectual response to their job. It plays a vital role in an individual's overall well-being and happiness.

**Section 1: Understanding Job Satisfaction**

**Topic 1: Definition**
Job satisfaction refers to how content an individual is with their job. It is a broad term that encompasses various aspects such as salary, work environment, work relationships, and job security.

**Topic 2: Importance**
Job satisfaction is essential for several reasons:

1. Mental Health: A satisfying job can improve an individual's mental health and reduce stress levels.
2. Productivity: When individuals enjoy their work, they tend to be more productive and efficient.
3. Employee Retention: Companies with high job satisfaction rates often have lower turnover rates, leading to higher employee retention.
4. Personal Growth: A job that challenges and engages individuals can lead to personal growth and development.

**Topic 3: Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction**
Several factors contribute to job satisfaction, including:

1. Work Environment: A positive work environment with supportive colleagues and management can increase job satisfaction.
2. Salary and Benefits: Competitive salary and benefits packages can enhance job satisfaction.
3. Work-Life Balance: A healthy work-life balance allows individuals to maintain a good work-life balance, leading to higher job satisfaction.
4. Career Progression: Opportunities for career progression and growth can lead to higher job satisfaction.

**Section 2: Practical Examples**

**Topic 1: Real-World Scenarios**
Consider the following scenarios:

Scenario 1: A software engineer who enjoys coding and working on complex projects but dislikes office politics and long working hours.
Scenario 2: A teacher who loves their job but feels undervalued due to low salaries and lack of resources.

**Topic 2: Solutions**
In scenario 1, the software engineer could consider freelancing or finding a company that values work-life balance. In scenario 2, the teacher could explore alternative teaching opportunities or advocate for better resources and compensation.

**Section 3: Self-Debate Discussion**

**Topic 1: Prioritizing Job Satisfaction**
Should individuals prioritize job satisfaction over financial stability?

**Topic 2: Finding a Balance**
How can individuals balance job satisfaction with personal responsibilities such as family and finances?

**Glossary:**
- Job Satisfaction: An individual's emotional and intellectual response to their job.
- Work Environment: The conditions and culture in which people work.
- Work-Life Balance: The equilibrium between personal and professional responsibilities.
- Career Progression: The advancement of an individual's career.

**Conclusion:** Job satisfaction is a crucial aspect of an individual's life, impacting their mental health, productivity, and overall well-being. By understanding the factors affecting job satisfaction and exploring practical examples, individuals can make informed decisions about their careers. By engaging in self-debate discussions, individuals can learn to prioritize job satisfaction while balancing personal responsibilities. Ultimately, job satisfaction leads to a happier and more fulfilled life.


text: Stephen Auger. Transdisciplinary Artist. Stephen has worked as a color theorist, light artist, and painter for over four decades. His current projects involve immersive visceral and kinesthetic experiences of rhythmic light and sound that engage participants in the most astonishing and timeless states of the human sensory experience. This work draws upon the disciplines of chronobiology, cognitive science, neuroscience, psychology, and technology.. Trained at the Center of Advanced Visual Studies at MIT, Stephen’s pieces can be seen in private, corporate and museum collections around the world, including those of Yale University, Andrew Lloyd Webber, the Santa Fe Institute, and the Carnegie Institute.

textbook:
**Lesson Title:** Transdisciplinary Art and the Human Sensory Experience

**Grade Level:** High School

**Duration:** 1 hour

**Objectives:**

- To introduce students to the concept of transdisciplinary art
- To explore the relationship between art and science
- To understand the role of the human sensory experience in art
- To analyze the impact of technology on art

**Introduction:**

Transdisciplinary art is a form of art that combines elements from different fields of study, such as science, technology, and culture. It is an approach that allows artists to explore new ideas and create unique works of art. In this lesson, we will explore the work of Stephen Auger, a transdisciplinary artist who uses light, sound, and technology to create immersive experiences that engage the human sensory experience.

**Section 1: Transdisciplinary Art**

**Theoretical Concepts:**

- Transdisciplinary art is an approach that combines elements from different fields of study to create unique works of art.
- It is often used to explore new ideas and push the boundaries of traditional art forms.
- Transdisciplinary art can involve science, technology, culture, and other fields of study.

**Practical Examples:**

- Stephen Auger's work involves light, sound, and technology to create immersive experiences that engage the human sensory experience.
- He draws upon the disciplines of chronobiology, cognitive science, neuroscience, psychology, and technology to create his pieces.
- His work can be seen in private, corporate, and museum collections around the world.

**Questions and Answers:**

- What is transdisciplinary art?
- How does it differ from traditional art forms?
- Why do artists use transdisciplinary approaches in their work?

**Section 2: The Human Sensory Experience**

**Theoretical Concepts:**

- The human sensory experience refers to the way we perceive and interpret the world around us through our senses.
- It includes sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell.
- Our sensory experiences shape our understanding of the world and influence our emotions and behaviors.

**Practical Examples:**

- Stephen Auger's work explores the human sensory experience through light and sound.
- He creates immersive experiences that engage participants in the most astonishing and timeless states of the human sensory experience.
- By exploring the human sensory experience, Auger's work can evoke powerful emotions and create a sense of wonder and awe.

**Questions and Answers:**

- What is the human sensory experience?
- How does it influence our understanding of the world?
- Why do artists explore the human sensory experience in their work?

**Section 3: Technology and Art**

**Theoretical Concepts:**

- Technology has had a significant impact on art throughout history.
- It has allowed artists to create new forms of art and explore new ideas.
- Technology can also influence the way we perceive and interpret art.

**Practical Examples:**

- Stephen Auger's work involves the use of technology to create immersive experiences.
- He uses light and sound to create pieces that engage the human sensory experience.
- By using technology, Auger's work can create a sense of wonder and awe that is difficult to achieve through traditional art forms.

**Questions and Answers:**

- How has technology influenced art throughout history?
- What role does technology play in Stephen Auger's work?
- How does technology affect the way we perceive and interpret art?

**Conclusion:**

In conclusion, this lesson has explored the concept of transdisciplinary art and the human sensory experience through the work of Stephen Auger. We have learned about the importance of combining elements from different fields of study to create unique works of art. We have also explored the role of the human sensory experience in art and the impact of technology on art. By understanding these concepts, we can appreciate the power of art to evoke powerful emotions and create a sense of wonder and awe.


text:
Liniments, Rubbing Salves And Plasters

( Originally Published 1940 )

Liniments for the relief of painful afflictions were applied with literally heroic vigor in the dark ages of medicine. Their use was based upon the assumption that morbid humors or juices were responsible for the pain and could be drawn away from the affected part by application of a "counter-irritant" to the skin. With the advent of pathology and physiology as sciences, physicians became aware that it was impossible to "draw out" disease by counterirritants.

While liniments cannot do as much as our forefathers thought they could, they nevertheless do have a useful if limited place in the treatment of painful afflictions. Considerable relief, for example, can be obtained in muscular pains and aches and neuralgia by the skillful use of a well-chosen liniment.

Most liniments are solutions or mixtures of irritating drugs in an oily, soapy or alcoholic vehicle. These vehicles are chosen because they facilitate rubbing. As a matter of fact the rubbing or massage is more important than the liniment. The kneading and rubbing of a painful muscle or group of muscles cause an increased blood flow to the affected part. It is this increase in the flow of blood that is the essence of the virtue of "counterirritation." Liniments or salves do not penetrate more than a few millimeters below the skin surface. Claims such as Baume Bengué's, that penetration occurs to muscle or deep painful regions, are entirely false.

Although many drugs are used as ingredients of liniments, alcohol is often the principal or the sole ingredient. Rubbing alcohol for massage purposes should be grain or ethyl alcohol rendered unfit for beverage purposes by the addition of suit-able chemicals. There are a large number of these "de-natured" or medicated rubbing alcohols on the market. Any brand will do if it contains 70% alcohol, but make sure it is 70% and not 70 proof. The latter is actually a 35% solution of alcohol in water. Recently, the U. S. Food & Drug Administration found that in some sections of the country a large proportion of the "alcohol rubs" are based, not upon ethyl"' alcohol, as they are supposed to be, but upon a product known as isopropanol, which may not be as safe or as effective as ethyl alcohol.

Other liniments contain irritants such as turpentine, camphor and even red pepper. The only difference between the various liniments is in the various degrees of irritation that they cause. Many of them are extremely irritating to the skin and mucous membrane, and serious burns, blisterings or infections may result from their use. The skin of children particularly is likely to suffer from the application of a strong liniment such as Sloan's.

Liniments are useful for the relief of muscular aches following hard exercise or exposure to wet and cold. In association with other measures prescribed by a physician, they may also be helpful for the relief of joint disorders and neuralgias. They will not accomplish any of the wonders promised by advertising copy. A liniment, rubbed on the skin or used for massage, should produce no more than a mild redness of the skin.

Rubbing salves for the treatment of "chest colds" or the "common cold" have no effect on these disorders. Many, like Penetro, Musterole, Mentholatum and Vick's Vaporub, contain menthol, camphor or similar volatile oils and give a sensation of warmth to the area of skin on which they are rubbed. A similar effect can be obtained with non-proprietary products such as camphor or chloroform liniment, U.S.P. Other remedies contain odd and irrational combinations such as iodine in Iodex or aspirin in Aspirub. Neither iodine nor aspirin will penetrate from the skin to an inflamed area, and if they did, it would be difficult to tell of what possible use they would be there. Disregard all claims for such compounds.

No preparation applied to the skin will reach the bronchial tubes or cure a cold or bronchitis. But an aching sensation in the chest which often accompanies a "common cold" or grippe, may be relieved by rubbing on an ointment or liniment, provided the skin is not too sensitive. Chest pain, however, is also a symptom of lung infections, such as pneumonia, and so medical care is imperative if such pain is associated with fever. If a counterirritant is desired, a mustard poultice, frequently prescribed by physicians, will give the greatest satisfaction. It is prepared as follows: Mix dry mustard and wheat flour in the proper proportions and add sufficient lukewarm water to form a smooth paste just thin enough to spread. Hot water will destroy the irritant action of the mustard, so be sure the water is only lukewarm. The proportions of mustard and flour vary according to the age of the patient. For an adult, use one part of mustard to two parts of flour; for a child use one to three, and for an infant, one to four. The amounts used will depend on the extent of the area to be covered.

Spread the paste on one end of an oblong double thickness of old clean linen or cotton cloth. Turn in the edges to prevent the escape of the paste and fold the free end of the cloth over the top. Place the poultice on a hot water bottle or radiator to take the chill off, and cover it with a towel.

Before applying the plaster, spread a thin layer of vaseline or olive oil on the skin as a protection from burns. Always bear in mind that burns caused by mustard are very painful and slow to heal.

The duration of the application varies. When the skin is well reddened the desired effect has been obtained. This usually takes from 10 to 20 minutes. Examine the skin frequently after the plaster has been on for five minutes.

The same poultice may be applied two or three times daily if necessary. Always warm it up a little before each application.

Mustard plasters may be bought ready-made. They are applied to the chest front and back for about 20 minutes each. Sensitive skins usually cannot tolerate an application of that length.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Liniments, Rubbing Salves, and Plasters

Introduction:

In this lesson, we will learn about liniments, rubbing salves, and plasters. We will cover their history, how they work, and their uses in modern medicine. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the basics of these treatments and their applications in various scenarios.

Section 1: History of Liniments, Rubbing Salves, and Plasters

Liniments, rubbing salves, and plasters have been used for centuries to treat pain and inflammation. They were originally used in the dark ages of medicine when people believed that morbid humors or juices caused pain. The idea was that applying a counter-irritant to the skin could draw away these humors and provide relief.

With the advent of modern science, physicians realized that this theory was incorrect. However, liniments still have a useful place in medicine today, particularly for treating muscular pains and aches and neuralgia.

Section 2: How Liniments, Rubbing Salves, and Plasters Work

Liniments are solutions or mixtures of irritating drugs in an oily, soapy, or alcoholic vehicle. These vehicles are chosen because they facilitate rubbing. The rubbing or massage is more important than the liniment itself. Kneading and rubbing a painful muscle or group of muscles increase blood flow to the affected area, which helps to relieve pain and inflammation.

Section 3: Uses of Liniments, Rubbing Salves, and Plasters

Liniments are most commonly used for muscular pains and aches, as well as neuralgia. They can also be used for other types of pain, such as headaches and joint pain. Rubbing salves and plasters are often used for similar purposes, but they may also be used to treat skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis.

In modern medicine, liniments are typically used in conjunction with other treatments, such as physical therapy or pain medication. They are not usually the primary treatment for a condition, but they can be a helpful addition to a comprehensive treatment plan.

Conclusion:

In this lesson, we learned about the history, mechanisms of action, and uses of liniments, rubbing salves, and plasters. These treatments have been used for centuries to treat pain and inflammation, and they still have a useful place in modern medicine. By understanding the basics of these treatments, you can make informed decisions about your own healthcare and recognize their potential benefits in various scenarios.


text: Online registration is now open for six bowhunter education classes that will be offered in Missoula beginning in January.. The first class is meeting on Saturday, January 19, 2013 or Saturday, February 2, 2013, from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. at the Missoula FWP office (3201 Spurgin Road). Students are required to complete a half-day field course on Sunday, February 3, 2013 from 1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.. You can see the class schedule and register online here.. If you are over 18, Montana offers online bowhunter education classes. Students complete coursework online and then must complete a field course to receive their certification card. The field courses will be offered in Missoula on February 3, April 28 and June 13. There is a $20.00 fee for the online course. For more information about the online class, click here.. By Montana state law, all first time bowhunters must complete an education course before they can purchase an archery license.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Bowhunter Education

**Introduction:** Bowhunter education is a program designed to teach the basics of bowhunting safety and responsibility. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of bowhunter education, the benefits of taking a class, and the requirements for becoming a certified bowhunter in Montana.

**Main Topic:** Bowhunter Education Requirements in Montana

**Theory:** By law, all first-time bowhunters in Montana must complete a bowhunter education course before they can purchase an archery license. This requirement is in place to ensure that bowhunters have a basic understanding of safety and responsibility while hunting.

**Practical Example:** Let's say you are a first-time bowhunter living in Montana. You want to go on a bowhunting trip with your friends this weekend, but you don't have an archery license yet. Before you can buy an archery license, you need to complete a bowhunter education course. If you don't, you could face fines or even lose your hunting privileges altogether.

**Conclusion:** Bowhunter education is an important part of being a responsible and safe hunter. By completing a bowhunter education course, you are not only fulfilling the legal requirements for bowhunting in Montana, but you are also gaining valuable knowledge that will help you make informed decisions while hunting. Remember to always prioritize safety and responsibility while hunting, and always follow the guidelines set forth by your state's wildlife agency.

**Glossary:**
- Bowhunter Education: A program designed to teach the basics of bowhunting safety and responsibility.
- Certified Bowhunter: A person who has completed a bowhunter education course and is legally allowed to hunt with a bow in Montana.
- Archery License: A permit required to hunt with a bow in Montana.

**Self-Debate Discussion:** Why is it important to complete a bowhunter education course before going on a bowhunting trip? What are some potential consequences of not completing the course? How can completing a bowhunter education course benefit you as a hunter?


text:
Induction of electrophysiological and morphological changes in Sprague-Dawley rats fed tributoxyethyl phosphate.
The effects of a widely used trialkyl phosphate (TP), tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBOP), on the peripheral nervous system of Sprague-dawley (SD) rats were investigated. Male and female SD rats were administered this chemical by gavage over a period of 18 weeks (low dose: 0.25 ml kg-1; high dose: 0.50 ml kg-1). Electrophysiological changes observed at 18 weeks in all test animals included a significant reduction (P less than 0.001) in nerve conduction velocity and an important increase (P less than 0.001) of both relative (RRP) and absolute refractory period (ARP). Light and electron microscopic examination of sciatic nerve from all test animals showed the presence of degenerating myelin sheaths accompanied by axonal swelling. An advanced stage of degeneration was indicated by the presence of lamellated electron dense inclusions in unmyelinated nerve fibres.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Neurotoxicity

Overview: In this lesson, we will learn about neurotoxicity, which is the ability of a substance to cause harm to the nervous system. We will explore the effects of a common trialkyl phosphate called tributoxyethyl phosphate (TBOP) on the peripheral nervous system of Sprague-Dawley rats.

Objectives:
1. Understand the definition of neurotoxicity.
2. Identify the effects of TBOP on the peripheral nervous system of Sprague-Dawley rats.
3. Analyze the electrophysiological and morphological changes caused by TBOP exposure.
4. Apply critical thinking skills to understand the implications of this research.

Section 1: Introduction to Neurotoxicity
- Definition: A substance that can cause harm to the nervous system.
- Examples: Lead, mercury, and pesticides are common neurotoxins.
- Importance: Neurotoxicity can lead to various health issues such as memory loss, paralysis, and even death.

Section 2: Effects of TBOP on Sprague-Dawley Rats
- Administration: Male and female SD rats were administered TBOP by gavage over a period of 18 weeks.
- Doses: Low dose: 0.25 ml kg-1; High dose: 0.50 ml kg-1.
- Electrophysiological changes: A significant reduction (P less than 0.001) in nerve conduction velocity and an important increase (P less than 0.001) of both relative (RRP) and absolute refractory period (ARP).
- Morphological changes: Light and electron microscopic examination of sciatic nerve from all test animals showed the presence of degenerating myelin sheaths accompanied by axonal swelling. An advanced stage of degeneration was indicated by the presence of lamellated electron dense inclusions in unmyelinated nerve fibres.

Section 3: Analyzing the Changes Caused by TBOP Exposure
- Electrophysiological changes: The reduction in nerve conduction velocity indicates that the signal transmission between nerves is slower, which may lead to reduced coordination and response time. The increase in RRP and ARP suggests that the recovery time between action potentials is longer, which may affect the overall function of the nervous system.
- Morphological changes: The degeneration of myelin sheaths and axonal swelling indicate damage to the structure of the nerves, which may impair their ability to transmit signals effectively. The presence of lamellated electron dense inclusions in unmyelinated nerve fibres suggests that the damage is widespread and severe.

Section 4: Critical Thinking Discussion
- Why is it important to study the effects of neurotoxicity in animals?
- How does the severity of the morphological changes relate to the severity of the electrophysiological changes?
- Could these changes be reversible or permanent?

Glossary:
- Neurotoxicity: The ability of a substance to cause harm to the nervous system.
- Nerve conduction velocity: The speed at which electrical signals travel along a nerve.
- Refractory period: The time it takes for a nerve to recover after an action potential.
- Myelin sheath: A protective layer surrounding nerve fibres that helps speed up signal transmission.
- Axonal swelling: An abnormal enlargement of the nerve fibre.
- Lamellated electron dense inclusions: Structures found in damaged nerve cells that indicate severe degeneration.

Conclusion: In this lesson, we learned about the effects of TBOP on the peripheral nervous system of Sprague-Dawley rats. We analyzed the electrophysiological and morphological changes caused by TBOP exposure and applied critical thinking skills to understand the implications of this research. By studying neurotoxicity in animals, we can better understand the potential risks associated with certain substances and work towards developing safer alternatives.


text: Fossil fuels are actually stored chemical energy. This energy is potential energy which is accessed when combustion occurs. Ancient microscopic organisms became buried and conditions of heat and pressure, were changed into the oil and gasoline we use today. The fuel is burned and the energy which was stored in the chemical bonds is then released. It can then be converted to mechanical energy, kinetic energy, heat energy and electrical energy within the car's machinery. This illustrates the idea that energy is not created nor destroyed, however, it can change form and the total amount is conserved.

textbook:
Lesson: Converting Fossil Fuels into Energy

## Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about how fossil fuels are converted into energy. We will start by understanding what fossil fuels are and how they are formed. Then, we will explore the process of combustion and how it releases energy. Finally, we will discuss the law of conservation of energy and how it applies to our everyday lives.

## Section 2: What are Fossil Fuels?
Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons, which are compounds made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms. They are found in the Earth's crust and are formed from the remains of ancient microscopic organisms. These organisms lived millions of years ago and died, falling to the bottom of oceans or swamps. Over time, the remains of these organisms were covered with sediment and over millions of years, heat and pressure transformed them into fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas.

## Section 3: How do Fossil Fuels become Energy?
When fossil fuels are burned, the chemical bonds that hold the hydrogen and carbon atoms together are broken. This releases energy in the form of heat and light. The heat energy is used to power engines, while the light energy is used to produce electricity.

The combustion of fossil fuels can be represented by the following chemical equation:

C_xH_y + O_2 -> CO_2 + H_2O

In this equation, C represents carbon, H represents hydrogen, O represents oxygen, and CO2 represents carbon dioxide. The x, y, and 2 represent the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in the fuel molecule.

During combustion, the fuel molecule reacts with oxygen in the air to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor. This reaction releases energy in the form of heat and light.

## Section 4: The Law of Conservation of Energy
The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but it can change forms. This means that the total amount of energy in the universe remains constant. When we burn fossil fuels, we release energy in the form of heat and light. This energy can then be converted into other forms of energy, such as mechanical energy, kinetic energy, and electrical energy.

## Section 5: Applying the Skills
Understanding how fossil fuels are converted into energy is important because it helps us understand how our world works. For example, when we fill up our cars with gasoline, we are using fossil fuels to power our engines. Similarly, when we turn on our lights or use electricity to power our homes, we are using energy that was once stored in fossil fuels. By understanding the process of converting fossil fuels into energy, we can make better decisions about how we use energy and how we can conserve it.

## Glossary
- Fossil fuels: Hydrocarbons found in the Earth's crust, formed from the remains of ancient microscopic organisms.
- Combustion: A chemical reaction in which fuel molecules react with oxygen in the air to produce energy.
- Chemical bond: The force that holds atoms together in a molecule.
- Heat energy: Energy that is transferred between objects due to a difference in temperature.
- Light energy: Energy that travels in the form of electromagnetic waves.
- Mechanical energy: Energy that is associated with the motion of an object.
- Kinetic energy: Energy that an object has due to its motion.
- Electrical energy: Energy that is stored in an object's electric field.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about how fossil fuels are converted into energy through the process of combustion. We also explored the law of conservation of energy and how it applies to our everyday lives. By understanding the process of converting fossil fuels into energy, we can make better decisions about how we use energy and how we can conserve it.


text: on purchases over $50. on purchases over $65. on purchases over $80. If you need any help, don't hesitate to contact us. Click the button below.Speak to us. In this unit, the students will investigate money. They will choose items from the class shop to buy, identifying the price of each item, how much they need to pay for all of them, and how much change they should receive from a given amount. The students will also identify 2 toys to buy from a catalogue having been given $20 to spend. They will repeat this task buying different toys.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Money

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Money is a medium of exchange that is used to buy goods and services. It can be in the form of coins, paper notes, or electronic transactions. In this lesson, we will learn about the different types of money, how to calculate the cost of items, and how to make change.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
Let's say you want to buy a toy that costs $5. You have $10 in your wallet. How much change will you receive if you pay with a $10 bill? We can calculate this by subtracting the cost of the toy from the total amount of money you have: $10 - $5 = $5. Therefore, you will receive $5 in change.

Now let's try another example. You have $20 to spend on two toys from a catalogue. One toy costs $10 and the other costs $8. How many $2 coins do you need to buy both toys? We can calculate this by dividing the total cost of the toys by the value of each coin: $20 / $2 = 10. Therefore, you need 10 $2 coins to buy both toys.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Imagine you are at a store and you want to buy a snack that costs $2. You only have $1 in your wallet. How much more do you need to buy the snack? We can calculate this by subtracting the cost of the snack from the total amount of money you need: $1 - $2 = -$1. Therefore, you do not have enough money to buy the snack.

## Glossary
- Money: a medium of exchange that is used to buy goods and services
- Coins: small pieces of metal or plastic that are used as money
- Paper notes: large pieces of paper that are used as money
- Electronic transactions: money that is transferred electronically between accounts
- Cost: the price of an item
- Change: the difference between the amount of money you give and the amount you receive
- Total amount of money: the sum of all the money you have
- Wallet: a place where you keep your money
- Catalog: a list of items with their prices
- Toys: playthings for children
- Coins: small pieces of metal or plastic that are used as money
- Accounts: a record of money that is kept in a bank or other financial institution

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about the different types of money, how to calculate the cost of items, and how to make change. We also practiced these concepts with practical examples and real-world scenarios. By understanding these concepts, we can make informed decisions when spending our money.