text: We will work with you to identify and create a master plan for your project. This may include completing feasibility studies, identifying space needs, interior space planning, and building system analysis. Facility planning and research helps to establish the project schedule and project functional requirements, reinforces our knowledge and yours of the project and also avoids missing key information later on in the process which could affect the architectural design..

textbook:
Lesson: Project Management for Kids

## Introduction

Project management is the process of planning, organizing, and managing resources to achieve specific goals. In this lesson, we will learn about the basics of project management and how it can help us complete tasks efficiently.

## Section 1: What is Project Management?

**Question:** What is project management?

**Answer:** Project management is the process of planning, organizing, and managing resources to achieve specific goals. It involves breaking down a project into smaller tasks, assigning responsibilities, and monitoring progress to ensure that the final product meets the desired outcome.

## Section 2: Importance of Project Management

**Question:** Why is project management important?

**Answer:** Project management is important because it helps us complete tasks efficiently and effectively. By breaking down a project into smaller tasks and assigning responsibilities, we can ensure that everyone knows what they need to do and when it needs to be done. This helps to avoid confusion, missed deadlines, and wasted time and resources.

## Section 3: The Project Management Process

**Question:** What are the steps involved in project management?

**Answer:** The project management process involves several steps, including:

1. Defining the scope of the project: This involves identifying what needs to be done and what is not part of the project.
2. Creating a project plan: This involves breaking down the project into smaller tasks, assigning responsibilities, and setting timelines.
3. Monitoring progress: This involves tracking the progress of the project to ensure that it is on track and that any issues are addressed promptly.
4. Managing changes: This involves making adjustments to the project plan as needed to accommodate changes in circumstances or priorities.
5. Closing the project: This involves ensuring that all tasks have been completed and that the final product meets the desired outcome.

## Section 4: Practical Examples

**Question:** How can project management be applied in real-life situations?

**Answer:** Project management can be applied in many real-life situations, such as:

1. Building a house: This involves breaking down the construction process into smaller tasks, such as laying the foundation, framing the walls, and installing plumbing and electrical systems.
2. Hosting a party: This involves creating a plan for food, decorations, and entertainment, and assigning responsibilities to guests or hosts.
3. Developing a new software application: This involves defining the features and functionality of the application, creating a development plan, and monitoring progress to ensure that the application is delivered on time and within budget.

## Glossary

- Scope: The definition of the project boundaries
- Project Plan: A document that outlines the tasks, resources, and timeline for completing the project
- Progress Monitoring: Regularly checking in on the status of the project to ensure that it is on track
- Change Management: The process of making adjustments to the project plan as needed
- Closure: The final stage of the project where all deliverables are reviewed and accepted by the client

## Conclusion

In conclusion, project management is an essential tool for achieving successful outcomes in various tasks and projects. By following the project management process and applying its principles, we can ensure that our projects are completed efficiently and effectively.


text: The DeFINE Mapping showcases European* incubators, accelerators and other business support organisations with expertise in Fashion Tech.. It is an interactive tool that enables connectivity among all registered organisations in Fashion Tech.. If you are an incubator or an organisation having an activity or an interest in supporting innovative businesses in Fashion and Technology, join the DeFINE Mapping and benefit from visibility and collaboration opportunities in Fashion Tech.. * EU Member States and COSME countries. If you want more information about the mapping, contact us at mapping@define-network.eu

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Fashion Tech Mapping

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Fashion Tech is the integration of technology into the fashion industry. It involves the use of software, hardware, and other technological advancements to create innovative products and services in the fashion world. The DeFINE Mapping is an interactive tool that showcases European incubators, accelerators, and other business support organizations with expertise in Fashion Tech.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
One practical example of Fashion Tech is the use of 3D printing to create custom-made clothing. This technology allows designers to create unique pieces that fit perfectly to the customer's body shape. Another example is the use of RFID tags in clothing to track inventory and prevent theft. These tags can also provide information about the product's origin, materials used, and pricing.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
In the real world, Fashion Tech has revolutionized the way we shop and dress. With the help of technology, online shopping has become more accessible and convenient. Customers can now try on clothes virtually before making a purchase. Additionally, Fashion Tech has enabled the creation of smart clothing that can monitor the wearer's health and provide feedback.

## Glossary
- Fashion Tech: The integration of technology into the fashion industry.
- Incubator: A company or organization that helps young startups grow by providing them with resources, mentorship, and funding.
- Accelerator: A program that provides startups with funding, mentorship, and resources to help them grow quickly.
- Business Support Organization: An organization that provides support to businesses, such as advice, training, and funding.
- Interactive Tool: A computer program or system that allows users to interact with and manipulate data.
- Visibility: The ability to be seen or noticed by others.
- Collaboration: The process of working together to achieve a common goal.

## Conclusion
Fashion Tech is an exciting field that combines two of the most popular industries in the world - fashion and technology. By understanding the basics of Fashion Tech and its applications, individuals can develop innovative products and services that can change the way we dress and shop. The DeFINE Mapping is an excellent tool for connecting with other organizations in Fashion Tech and collaborating on new projects.


text: Report highlights improved coordination between HHS and the Department of Education. K-12. The Role of Science in Boosting Outcomes for English Learners. Aligning literacy standards with science instruction promotes language learning for ELs, as some districts in California have found.. The Only A-rated, Majority-Black District in Mississippi. Racially integrated Clinton receives top scores »

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Science and Literacy in Education

## Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will explore the importance of science and literacy in education. We will learn about the benefits of aligning science and literacy standards, and how this can improve outcomes for English learners. We will also look at an example of a successful district in California that has implemented this approach.

## Section 2: The Benefits of Aligning Science and Literacy Standards
When science and literacy standards are aligned, it can promote language learning for English learners (ELs). This is because science instruction provides opportunities for ELs to practice reading and writing in a content area. Additionally, when science and literacy standards are aligned, teachers can collaborate to create lessons that integrate both subjects. This can lead to more engaging and effective instruction for all students.

## Section 3: Practical Examples
One example of a successful district in California that has implemented this approach is the Racially Integrated Clinton School District. This district received top scores and is the only A-rated, majority-black district in Mississippi. The district's success can be attributed to its focus on aligning science and literacy standards. For example, the district has implemented a program called "Science and Literacy: A Natural Connection." This program integrates science and literacy instruction across all grade levels, and has been shown to improve student achievement in both subjects.

## Section 4: Conclusion
In conclusion, aligning science and literacy standards can have a significant impact on the academic success of English learners. By providing opportunities for ELs to practice reading and writing in a content area, and by creating lessons that integrate both subjects, teachers can create more engaging and effective instruction for all students. The success of the Racially Integrated Clinton School District serves as an example of how this approach can lead to improved outcomes for students.

## Glossary
- Science: The study of the natural world and how it works.
- Literacy: The ability to read and write.
- English Learners (ELs): Students who are learning to speak, read, and write in English.
- Content Area: A subject or topic studied in school.

## Final Thoughts
In this lesson, we learned about the importance of aligning science and literacy standards in education. We explored the benefits of this approach for English learners and saw an example of a successful district in California that has implemented this approach. By integrating science and literacy instruction, teachers can create more engaging and effective instruction for all students.


text: Liver cancer. There were 129 cases of liver and cancer arising in bile ducts within the liver in Northern Ireland in 2017. Primary liver cancer is a rare but serious type of cancer that begins. Although they are more likely to be the result of a more common condition, such as an infection, it's best to have them checked.. Resources. Below is a list of links to websites that can provide more information on liver cancer:. - Action Cancer. - Cancer Focus NI. - Macmillan Cancer Support. - Northern Ireland Cancer Network. - Cancer Research UK. - Guts UK. - British Liver Trust. This is not an exhaustive list and other sources of support in Northern Ireland can also be accessed via Northern Ireland Cancer Network.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Liver Cancer

Introduction:
Liver cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the liver. It is a rare disease, but it is serious when it occurs. In this lesson, we will learn about the causes, symptoms, and treatments of liver cancer. We will also explore the resources available to those affected by this disease.

Causes and Symptoms:
Liver cancer can be caused by several factors, including chronic liver diseases, such as hepatitis B or C, cirrhosis, and alcohol abuse. These factors can lead to inflammation and scarring of the liver, which can cause cancerous cells to form.

Symptoms of liver cancer may include jaundice, or yellowing of the skin and eyes, loss of appetite, weight loss, and fatigue. These symptoms may be mild or severe, depending on the stage of the cancer.

Treatments:
There are several treatment options for liver cancer, depending on the stage of the disease and the overall health of the patient. These may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.

Surgery may involve removing the tumor and some of the surrounding healthy tissue, or it may involve removing the entire liver (called a liver transplant). Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells, while chemotherapy uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells. Targeted therapy uses drugs that specifically target cancer cells, leaving healthy cells unharmed.

Resources:
There are several organizations and websites that provide information and support for those affected by liver cancer. These include:

- Action Cancer
- Cancer Focus NI
- Macmillan Cancer Support
- Northern Ireland Cancer Network
- Cancer Research UK
- Guts UK
- British Liver Trust

Conclusion:
In conclusion, liver cancer is a rare but serious type of cancer that requires immediate attention. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatments of this disease, we can better support those affected and work towards finding a cure.


text:
With Mayor Ed Murray Out, His Donors Head to Jenny Durkan

Jenny Durkan announcing her campaign for mayor last month. Nate Gowdy

Earlier this year, it looked like Mayor Ed Murray was a shoo-in for reelection in this year’s mayoral race. He had netted over $400,000 in contributions, and his only serious challenger was Nikkita Oliver, the lawyer and educator running with the new Peoples Party.

Everything changed when the Seattle Times published three separate accounts from men alleging Murray sexually abused them when they were minors more than three decades ago. The mayor’s race swelled to 21 candidates, six of whom are serious contenders. Murray dropped out, and city politicos wondered where his support would go. If money is any tell, the answer is Jenny Durkan.

Durkan, a former U.S. Attorney who has never held elected office, received $31,133 from 55 donors that had previously donated to Murray’s mayoral bid, according to the latest campaign finance reports. Those Murray donors account for 19.4 percent of all the funds donated to Durkan’s campaign.

Support from Murray's donations helped Durkan jumped to a quick lead in campaign financing, raising more than $160,000 in less than month since she filed her candidacy on May 12. She has been endorsed by the Seattle Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce, former Governor Chris Gregoire and King County Council Member Joe McDermott.

Durkan also has the support of two city council members that were formerly Murray supporters. Council Member Sally Bagshaw donated $500 to Durkan on May 15 after donating $100 to Murray last October. Council Member Tim Burgess gave $500 to Durkan on May 18 after giving $500 to Murray last October. Burgess’s wife, Joleen Burgess, also gave $500 to both Durkan and Murray.

Bagshaw said she is supporting Durkan because of her “thoughtful approach to civil rights and social justice issues.”

“It’s a tragedy around what’s happened around Mayor Murray. Whether it’s true or not, either way it’s a tragedy, and Jenny is someone that I have tremendous amount of respect for and I’m glad she’s willing to run,” Bagshaw said.

Bagshaw said she developed respect for Durkan after working on the state’s marriage equality campaign in 2012 and working in city’s legal community together. Bagshaw was an attorney at the King County Prosecutor’s Office while Durkan was working as a private attorney in Seattle.

“There are some good candidates that are running and I think she just rises to the top,” Bagshaw said.

Burgess was not available for comment for this story.

No other candidate came close to raising as much from former Murray donors as Durkan. Former Mayor Mike McGinn, who is running for mayor again after losing his own reelection fight to Murray in 2013, attracted three former donors of Murray, totally $1,000.

Nikkita Oliver, an attorney and activist, raised $455 from four donors that had previously given to Murray. Cary Moon, an urban designer and prominent critic of the Highway 99 tunnel, raised $350 from two donors that had previously given to Murray’s campaign.

Overall, Oliver is in second place for fundraising as of Monday, pulling in $50,784. McGinn has raised $27,045 and Moon has raised $12,715. The field of 21 candidates will be winnowed down to the top two candidates after a primary vote on August 1. The general election will be held November 7.

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Political Campaign Finance

Introduction:
Campaign finance refers to the funds raised by candidates or political committees to finance election campaigns. It plays a significant role in determining the outcome of an election. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of campaign finance, how it works, and its impact on elections.

Section 1: Importance of Campaign Finance

Campaign finance is crucial because it influences the outcome of an election. Candidates who raise more money can buy advertising time, hire staff, and travel to different parts of the country to meet voters. This can give them an advantage over their opponents who may not have as much money to spend.

Section 2: How Campaign Finance Works

Campaign finance works by allowing candidates and political committees to accept contributions from individuals, corporations, and unions. These contributions are then used to fund campaign activities such as advertising, events, and staff salaries.

In the United States, campaign finance is regulated at the federal and state level. At the federal level, contributions are limited to $2,700 per person per election cycle. There are also limits on how much a candidate can spend in a race.

Section 3: Impact of Campaign Finance on Elections

Campaign finance can have a significant impact on elections. Candidates who raise more money can buy more advertising time, which can help them get their message out to voters. They can also hire more staff, which can help them get out the vote on election day.

However, campaign finance can also create a negative perception of politics. When candidates accept large contributions from special interests, it can appear that they are more interested in pleasing those interests than representing the people who elected them.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, campaign finance is an essential part of any election campaign. It allows candidates to raise money to fund their campaign activities, which can help them win elections. However, it can also create negative perceptions of politics if candidates accept large contributions from special interests. By understanding how campaign finance works, we can better evaluate its impact on elections and make informed decisions about who to support.


text: Turquoise & Silver Cascade Necklace with Large Pendant. Description. Silver, turquoise and crystal coloured beads, cascading down from a chunky silver-plated chain to a large silver, turquoise and blue pendant. The pendant is attached to the main necklace by a handmade sterling-silver bail that has been hammered and wrapped.. The beads include a mix of Czech glass and crystal beads, Japanese seed beads, foil-lined glass beads and a variety of silvered beads (including silver-plated and ‘Tibetan silver’ beads). Small pink beads serve to pick out the random splashes of salmon pink in the pendant.. The total length of the main necklace is approx 28.5ins/72cm and the pendant has a diameter or 2ins/5cm.. A bold statement necklace that works well with casual and more formal wear.. Your necklace will arrive in a gift box, posted in a bubble envelope.. .

textbook:
Lesson Title: How to Describe an Item in Detail

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to describe an item in detail using the example of a turquoise and silver cascade necklace with a large pendant. We will cover three sections: Materials and Techniques, Design Elements, and Conclusion.

Materials and Techniques:
The necklace is made of various materials including silver, turquoise, crystal, Czech glass, Japanese seed beads, foil-lined glass beads, silver-plated beads, and "Tibetan silver" beads. The chain is chunky and made of silver-plated metal. The pendant is attached to the necklace by a handmade sterling-silver bail that has been hammered and wrapped.

Design Elements:
The necklace has a cascading effect with the beads falling down from the pendant. The pendant is large and has a diameter of 2 inches. It is made of turquoise, silver, and blue beads. The beads include a mix of Czech glass and crystal beads, Japanese seed beads, foil-lined glass beads, and a variety of silvered beads. Small pink beads are used to pick out the random splashes of salmon pink in the pendant.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned how to describe an item in detail using the example of a turquoise and silver cascade necklace with a large pendant. We covered the materials and techniques used to make the necklace, the design elements, and concluded with an overview of the main points. This skill is useful when describing items for sale, in a museum, or in a personal collection. By learning how to describe an item in detail, we can provide more information and create a clearer picture for others.


text: Lecturing is a half course that will introduce you to basic skills and techniques of communicating successfully to students. In particular you will learn about explaining complex ideas, grabbing and holding attention, phrasing, communicating nonverbally, and generating emotional response.. Throughout the course, you will have opportunities to practice using the skills and concepts in active-learning lessons and participant-led microteaching sessions. You will also be able to give and receive feedback. By experiencing a variety of lecturing and presentation techniques in the student role, reading about them, and practicing some of them, you will be in a better position to evaluate these techniques for incorporation into your own lecturing, and how they can be adapted to suit your personal teaching style and disciplinary needs.

textbook:
**Title:** Lecturing 101: A Guide to Effective Communication for Teachers

**Introduction:**
In this lesson, we will explore the art of lecturing and how it can be used effectively to communicate complex ideas to students. We will cover various skills and techniques that are essential for successful lecturing, including explaining complex ideas, grabbing and holding attention, phrasing, communicating nonverbally, and generating emotional response. By the end of this lesson, you will have a better understanding of how to use lecturing as a powerful tool in your teaching repertoire.

**Section 1: Explaining Complex Ideas**

One of the most important skills for effective lecturing is the ability to explain complex ideas in a clear and concise manner. This means breaking down complex concepts into simpler parts, using analogies and examples to illustrate ideas, and avoiding jargon and technical language that may be confusing to students.

**Questions and Answers:**
- How can I simplify complex ideas when lecturing?
- What are some strategies for explaining difficult concepts to students?
- When should I use analogies and examples to illustrate ideas?

**Definitions of Purpose:**
- Simplify complex ideas by breaking them down into smaller parts
- Use analogies and examples to illustrate ideas
- Avoid jargon and technical language

**Practical Examples:**
- If you are lecturing on the concept of photosynthesis, you could break it down into smaller parts such as light absorption, water splitting, and carbon dioxide fixation.
- To explain the concept of mitosis, you could use an analogy such as comparing a cell to a balloon that is being stretched and divided into two.
- When discussing the concept of gravity, you could use the example of an apple falling from a tree to illustrate how objects with mass are attracted to each other.

**Section 2: Grabbing and Holding Attention**

Another important skill for effective lecturing is the ability to grab and hold the attention of your audience. This means engaging students with interesting and relevant content, using interactive techniques, and maintaining a steady pace throughout the lecture.

**Questions and Answers:**
- How can I grab and hold the attention of my students during a lecture?
- What are some interactive techniques that can be used during a lecture?
- How can I maintain a steady pace throughout my lecture?

**Definitions of Purpose:**
- Engage students with interesting and relevant content
- Use interactive techniques to keep students interested
- Maintain a steady pace throughout the lecture

**Practical Examples:**
- To grab and hold the attention of your students, you could use storytelling techniques, ask thought-provoking questions, or use multimedia presentations to illustrate your points.
- Interactive techniques such as group work, brainstorming sessions, or debates can be used to engage students and encourage participation.
- Maintaining a steady pace throughout the lecture can be achieved by planning and organizing your material in advance, using visual aids, and varying the tone and volume of your voice.

**Section 3: Communicating Nonverbally**

Nonverbal communication is an important aspect of lecturing that can greatly enhance the impact of your message. This includes using appropriate body language, maintaining eye contact, and adjusting your tone and volume to match the content of your lecture.

**Questions and Answers:**
- How can I use nonverbal communication to enhance my lecturing?
- What is the importance of body language when lecturing?
- How can I adjust my tone and volume to match the content of my lecture?

**Definitions of Purpose:**
- Use appropriate body language to convey your message
- Maintain eye contact to engage students
- Adjust tone and volume to match the content of your lecture

**Practical Examples:**
- Using appropriate body language such as standing up straight, making gestures, and using hand movements can help convey your message more effectively.
- Maintaining eye contact with your students can help you connect with them on a deeper level and show that you are engaged with the material.
- Adjusting your tone and volume to match the content of your lecture can help keep students engaged and interested in what you have to say. For example, using a more animated tone when discussing a humorous anecdote, and speaking in a softer voice when discussing a sensitive topic.

**Conclusion:**
By mastering the skills and techniques covered in this lesson, you will be well-equipped to deliver effective lectures that engage and inspire your students. Remember to practice these skills in your teaching, and continually reflect on your performance to improve your lecturing abilities.

**Glossary:**
- Lecturing: A form of teaching where the instructor talks to a group of students and imparts knowledge.
- Complex ideas: Concepts that are difficult to understand or require explanation.
- Analogies: Comparisons between two things to help explain one of them.
- Jargon: Technical language that may be confusing to those outside of a specific field.
- Engaging: Holding the attention of an audience and keeping them interested.
- Interactive techniques: Strategies used to encourage participation and engagement from students.
- Nonverbal communication: The use of body language, facial expressions, and other physical cues to convey a message without the use of words.


text:
Cyprus Crisis Boosting Unique Currency, the Bitcoin Value of a unit of the digital currency zooms to $72 during Cyprus crisis.

March 23, 2013 -- Currency markets are keeping close track of Cyprus' banking crisis and are braced for possible repercussions, but one currency has thrived in the chaos and zoomed in value -- Bitcoins.

A Bitcoin is a digital currency that is traded electronically and does not need government backing. Despite its name, there is no coin to put in your pocket.

Two weeks ago, one Bitcoin was worth $40, then a record high.

Today, it's worth $72, largely because of "incremental interest" from euro and Russian ruble holders who are terrified by the situation in Cyprus, said Nicholas Colas, chief market strategist at ConvergEx Group, a financial technology company in Manhattan.

"The best-performing currency year-to-date has no home country, no central banker and no physical scrip," Colas said.

The Bitcoin is "clearly having a breakthrough moment here, and a deeply surprising one given its novelty and nascent infrastructure," he said.

The Bitcoin reportedly was invented by a man who called himself Satoshi Nakamoto, and who may -- or may not -- have been a 23-year-old graduate student in cryptography at Trinity College in Dublin. He wanted people to be able to exchange money electronically and securely without a third party's involvement.

Although there are no physical coins, Walmart sells Bitcoin gift cards, and as Salon noted, WordPress and Reddit take payments in Bitcoin.

Charlie Shrem, the CEO of BitInstant, a payment processor for Bitcoin exchanges and other merchants, thinks the Bitcoin is the wave of the future.

"Let's say you have someone in Cyprus who badly needs money," Shrem said. "How are you going to get that person money? There's not enough cash going around. Bitcoin can and will be used as a barter, or maybe a collateral tool."

He believes that people will first use Bitcoin "for its better uses" like remittance, wire transfers, donations and micropayments, before it reaches a mainstream audience.

"Imagine being able to pay five cents to read an article online instead of these ridiculous pay walls that require expensive monthly subscriptions," he said. "People will start reading the news again. Right now, you can't do that. Try sending five cents over the Internet."

But Diana Furchtgott-Roth, the former chief economist for the U.S. Department of Labor and a senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute, a conservative think tank, was unimpressed.

"It's a gimmick," she said. "The Bitcoin would never work in Cyprus because Cyprus is full of insolvent loans. Putting in different currency is not going to help. They would ideally have their own currency. Whether it's digital or dollars, they need to separate from the euro and put in economic currency that will attract more investment."

Colas was also hesitant about the Bitcoin's future.

"Whether it succeeds or fails is hard to predict," Colas said. "We're clearly in uncharted waters. But one thing is clear: Bitcoin is one more lens with which to assess the ongoing European financial crisis."

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Digital Currencies

Overview: In this lesson, we will learn about digital currencies, specifically Bitcoins. We will explore what they are, how they work, and why they are gaining popularity. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to understand the basics of digital currencies and their potential impact on the global economy.

Objectives:
- Define digital currencies and Bitcoins
- Explain how Bitcoins work
- Discuss the benefits and risks of digital currencies
- Analyze the impact of digital currencies on the global economy

Section 1: What are Digital Currencies?

Definition: A digital currency is a form of currency that exists solely in electronic form and is not backed by any government or central bank. It operates on a decentralized network, meaning that it is not controlled by any single entity.

Bitcoin: Bitcoin is a digital currency that was created in 2009 by an anonymous person or group known as Satoshi Nakamoto. It operates on a decentralized network called the blockchain, which is a public ledger that records all Bitcoin transactions.

Section 2: How do Bitcoins Work?

Transactions: Bitcoin transactions are conducted using a digital wallet, which stores the user's Bitcoin address. Users send and receive Bitcoins by entering the recipient's address and the amount they want to send. The transaction is then verified by the network and recorded on the blockchain.

Mining: Bitcoin mining is the process of verifying transactions and adding them to the blockchain. Miners use powerful computers to solve complex mathematical problems, which validates the transaction and adds it to the blockchain. They are rewarded with new Bitcoins for their work.

Section 3: Benefits and Risks of Digital Currencies

Benefits:
- Decentralized: Digital currencies are not controlled by any government or central bank, making them resistant to political or economic instability.
- Lower fees: Transactions made using digital currencies often have lower fees than traditional bank transfers.
- Anonymity: Digital currencies allow users to make transactions anonymously, which can be beneficial for privacy advocates.

Risks:
- Volatility: Digital currencies are known for their volatile nature, with prices fluctuating rapidly.
- Regulation: Digital currencies are not regulated by any government or central bank, which raises concerns about their use in illicit activities.
- Security: Digital currencies are susceptible to hacking and theft, which can result in the loss of funds.

Section 4: Impact on the Global Economy

Potential: Digital currencies have the potential to disrupt the traditional banking system and change the way we think about money. They could provide access to financial services for people who currently do not have it, and reduce the costs associated with traditional banking.

Challenges: However, digital currencies also present challenges for governments and regulators. They could potentially be used for money laundering, tax evasion, and other illicit activities. Additionally, the rapid adoption of digital currencies could destabilize traditional economies.

Conclusion: Digital currencies, such as Bitcoin, are an emerging form of currency that has the potential to change the global economy. While they present both benefits and risks, they are worth understanding and exploring further. As with any new technology, it is essential to approach digital currencies with caution and a critical eye, while remaining open to their potential.


text: The "Duft-Quartett" is used to enhance the sense of smell of patients and people in general.. Based on today’s state of knowledge the effect of the “Duft- Quartett is stimulation of the smell mucosa in the nose as well as enhancement of the sensation in the brain.. The "Duft-Quartett" consists of 4 felt tip pens which are filled with 4 different odors.. The qualities are "lemon", "rose", "clove" and "eucalytus".. Included in delivery: 4 Sniffin` Sticks, 1 glove of cotton, instruction for use (available in German and English). 57,12 €

textbook:
Lesson: The Science of Smelling

Introduction:
Smelling is one of our five senses that help us interact with the world around us. It is an essential part of our daily lives, from enjoying the aroma of food to detecting danger signals like gas leaks or fire. In this lesson, we will learn about the science of smelling, including how our sense of smell works, the different types of smells, and how we can use them to improve our lives.

Section 1: How Our Sense of Smell Works

Topic 1: The Anatomy of Smelling
- Our sense of smell is located in the nose, specifically in the olfactory epithelium, a small area at the top of the nasal cavity.
- The olfactory epithelium contains millions of olfactory receptor neurons, which are responsible for detecting odor molecules.
- When we breathe in, odor molecules travel through the nasal cavity and bind to the olfactory receptors.
- This binding activates the olfactory receptor neurons, which send a signal to the brain via the olfactory nerve.

Topic 2: The Brain and Smelling
- The brain processes smelling information in the olfactory bulb, a structure located at the base of the brain.
- The olfactory bulb sends the smelling information to other parts of the brain, such as the limbic system, which is involved in emotions and memories.
- The brain can detect billions of different smells, but each person can only perceive about 10 million of them.

Section 2: Types of Smells

Topic 1: Odors
- Odors are chemical compounds that produce smells.
- There are thousands of different odor molecules, and they can be classified into different categories based on their properties.
- For example, some odors are sweet, others are bitter, sour, or spicy.

Topic 2: Tastes
- Tastes are another type of smell that we can detect.
- Unlike odors, tastes are not chemical compounds but rather sensations produced by our taste buds when they come into contact with certain substances.
- There are five basic tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami.

Section 3: Using Smells and Tastes in Our Daily Lives

Topic 1: Enhancing Our Senses
- There are many ways we can enhance our sense of smell and taste, such as using scented candles or eating different types of food.
- Some people use devices like the "Duft-Quartett" to improve their sense of smell.
- The "Duft-Quartett" is a tool that helps people identify different smells and learn more about them.

Topic 2: Detecting Dangers
- Our sense of smell can also help us detect dangerous situations, such as gas leaks or fires.
- If we smell something unusual, we should investigate it further and take appropriate action.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, our sense of smell is a powerful tool that allows us to interact with the world around us. By learning about the science of smelling, we can better understand how our sense of smell works and how we can use it to enhance our lives.


text: Abstract Today, 25 years after the first umbilical cord blood transplant (UCB), an estimated 800,000 UCB units have been banked and >30,000 UCB units have been used for transplantation of both adults and children. UCB has addressed some of the most pressing obstacles of allogeneic HSCT, namely, rapid access and HLA match requirement, but it too has its challenges, namely, limited cell dose and consequent delays in lympho- hematopoietic recovery. Since the first transplant for leukemia in 1990 by the PPG PI, we have performed >1400 UCBT, with more transplants in adults than any another institution. Through PPG sponsorship, we have exploited the benefits and tackled the limitations of UCB. Among the key discoveries are: 1) identification of the CD34 cell dose threshold, 2) development of the double UCBT platform as a powerful tool to evaluate graft engineering strategies in addition to its general use for patients without an adequate single unit, 3) optimization of conditioning regimens tailored to UCBT, and 4) development of novel cellular therapeutics, namely UCB- derived T regulatory cells (Treg) for prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and, StemRegenin- 1 expanded UCB CD34+ cells to accelerate neutrophil and platelet recovery. While we have made substantial progress, slow immune recovery and high risk of infection persists. Therefore, the overarching aim of Project 1 is to accelerate lympho-hematopoietic recovery and Immune reconstitution. Building upon past discoveries, we will tackle prolonged immunoincompetence in 3 ways: 1) We will determine the impact of high UCB CD34+ cell doses on risk of infection and immune reconstitution (aim 1). During the current funding period, we showed StemRegenin-1 (SR-1) enabled massive expansion of UCB HSC/progenitors, resulting in a significant reduction in the period of cytopenia after UCBT. Having demonstrated its long-term engraftment potential when co-infused with an unmanipulated 'back-up' unit, SR -1 expanded UCB will now be evaluated as a 'stand-alone' graft. 2) We will determine the essential ratio of T effector to Treg that will reliably prevent GVHD and determine its effect on risk of infection and immune reconstitution (aim 2). During the current funding period, we developed a robust method for manufacturing billions of CD4+25+FoxP3+127- cells from a single UCB unit and demonstrated its ability to completely abrogate acute GVHD, a dramatic departure from the historical expectation of 48% in older adults. 3) We will determine the safety and efficacy of UCB-derived thymic progenitors (Tprog) that have been shown to repair damaged thymic epithelial cells and contribute to immune recovery in 'proof of concept' animal models (aim 3). During the current funding period, we successfully developed a culture expansion strategy in support of a 'first-in-human' phase I clinical trial. We believe that this comprehensive, multi-dimensional approach will have a marked impact the pace of immune recovery and risk of infection - among the greatest challenges facing transplant medicine today.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

Introduction:
Umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) is a medical procedure that involves transplanting blood from the umbilical cord of a newborn baby to a patient who needs a stem cell transplant. This procedure has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its numerous benefits over traditional bone marrow transplantation. In this lesson, we will explore the history, advantages, and challenges of UCBT, as well as its applications in various medical scenarios.

Section 1: History and Advantages of UCBT

Question: What was the first successful umbilical cord blood transplant for?
Answer: The first successful umbilical cord blood transplant was performed in 1990 by Dr. E. Donnall Thomas for a patient with leukemia.

Advantages of UCBT:
1. Rapid access: UCBT does not require a perfect HLA match, which means that a donor can be found more quickly than with traditional bone marrow transplantation.
2. Limited risk of GVHD: UCBT has a lower risk of causing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) compared to bone marrow transplantation.
3. Potential for regeneration: UCBT has the potential to regenerate the immune system faster than traditional transplantation.
4. Availability: UCBT can be used for patients who do not have a suitable donor or who have a family member who is not a suitable donor.

Section 2: Challenges of UCBT

Challenge: Limited cell dose
The main challenge of UCBT is the limited number of cells available in the umbilical cord blood. This can lead to delays in hematopoietic recovery.

Solution: Double UCBT
One solution to this challenge is to perform a double UCBT, which involves transplanting blood from two separate umbilical cords. This can help increase the cell dose and improve hematopoietic recovery.

Section 3: Applications of UCBT

Application 1: Leukemia
UCBT has been successfully used to treat leukemia, particularly in cases where a suitable donor is not available.

Application 2: Sickle cell anemia
UCBT has shown promise in treating sickle cell anemia, a genetic disorder that affects red blood cells.

Application 3: Metabolic disorders
UCBT has also been used to treat metabolic disorders such as Hurler syndrome, a rare genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to break down certain fats.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, UCBT is a valuable medical procedure that has revolutionized the field of transplantation. By understanding the history, advantages, and challenges of UCBT, we can better appreciate its applications in various medical scenarios. As research continues, we can expect to see even more innovative uses for UCBT in the future.


text:
Tennis

In its long history, tennis has had some truly exciting matches between talented athletes. Collectors search far and wide for mementos of these matches. If you're lucky enough to have a signed tennis ball, you surely appreciate the need to treat it as the piece of history that it is. A quality tennis ball case from Caseworks will allow you to display your memorabilia while protecting it from harmful UV rays.

Even if the ball is only of sentimental value, a good tennis ball display case offers a feeling of security, and can even be an eye-catching conversation piece. A floating tennis ball case makes it look like the ball is hanging in mid-air and makes a great addition to your sports collection.

textbook:
Lesson: The Importance of Display Cases for Tennis Balls

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will explore the importance of display cases for tennis balls. We will discuss the benefits of using a quality tennis ball case from Caseworks to protect and display your memorabilia. We will also cover the different types of tennis ball display cases available and provide tips on how to choose the right one for your needs.

Section 1: The Benefits of Using a Tennis Ball Display Case

Topic 1: Protection
One of the main benefits of using a tennis ball display case is that it provides protection for your memorabilia. Exposure to UV rays, moisture, and other environmental factors can cause damage to your tennis ball over time. A quality tennis ball display case from Caseworks will help preserve your memorabilia and keep it in excellent condition for years to come.

Topic 2: Presentation
A tennis ball display case also allows you to showcase your memorabilia in a professional and attractive manner. Whether you are displaying your collection in your home or office, a well-designed tennis ball display case can be a conversation starter and add a touch of elegance to your space.

Topic 3: Security
If your tennis ball is valuable or has sentimental value, a good tennis ball display case offers a feeling of security. It can help prevent accidental damage or theft, giving you peace of mind knowing that your memorabilia is safe and secure.

Section 2: Types of Tennis Ball Display Cases

There are several different types of tennis ball display cases available, including:

1. Acrylic Cases: These cases are made of clear acrylic material and feature a sleek, modern design. They are lightweight and easy to hang on a wall or display on a shelf.

2. Wooden Cases: These cases are made of high-quality wood and feature a classic, elegant look. They are available in a variety of finishes and can be customized with engraved text or logos.

3. Floating Cases: These cases make it look like the tennis ball is hanging in mid-air, creating a unique and eye-catching display. They are available in several different styles and sizes.

Section 3: Choosing the Right Tennis Ball Display Case

When choosing a tennis ball display case, consider the following factors:

1. Size: Make sure the case is large enough to accommodate your tennis ball comfortably. You may also want to consider the size of your collection and choose a case that can hold multiple balls.

2. Material: Different materials have different benefits. Acrylic cases are lightweight and affordable, while wooden cases are more expensive but offer a classic, elegant look.

3. Design: Consider the style of your space and choose a tennis ball display case that complements it. For example, a sleek, modern acrylic case would work well in a minimalist space, while a wooden case with engraved text would be a great fit for a traditional setting.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we have explored the benefits of using a tennis ball display case, including protection, presentation, and security. We have also covered the different types of tennis ball display cases available and provided tips on how to choose the right one for your needs. By using a quality tennis ball display case from Caseworks, you can preserve and showcase your memorabilia in a professional and attractive manner.


text: Ohio Ace Education Marketplace. Browse education service providers who have been approved to receive funds from Ohio ACE educational savings accounts.. Bach to Rock, America's Music School- Powell. This service provider requires payment upfront : Yes. Phone Number: (838) 227-7625. Address: 9692 Sawmill Parkway, Powell, Ohio 43065-6669. This service is in development and will address the needs of children on the autism spectrum, have ADHD or other special needs through the assistance of credentialed applied music teachers on the school faculty and contracted instruction for faculty with child psychologists in the Powell.

textbook:
Lesson: How to Choose an Education Service Provider

Introduction:
Choosing the right education service provider can be a daunting task, especially when there are so many options available. In this lesson, we will explore the key factors to consider when selecting an education service provider and provide practical examples to help you make an informed decision.

Section 1: Key Factors to Consider

1. Approval Status: Before choosing an education service provider, ensure that they have been approved to receive funds from Ohio ACE educational savings accounts. This ensures that the provider is legitimate and compliant with relevant regulations.

2. Payment Requirements: Some education service providers require payment upfront, while others may offer flexible payment plans. Determine which option works best for your budget and financial situation.

3. Location: Consider the location of the education service provider and whether it is convenient for you to access. If the provider offers online services, ensure that they are accessible and user-friendly.

4. Services Offered: Evaluate the range of services offered by the education service provider. Ensure that they align with your learning goals and objectives.

5. Reputation: Research the reputation of the education service provider by reading reviews and testimonials from previous clients. This will give you an idea of their quality of service and level of customer satisfaction.

Section 2: Practical Examples

Let's say you are looking for an education service provider that offers music lessons for children on the autism spectrum, have ADHD or other special needs. You come across Bach to Rock, America's Music School- Powell. Here's how you can use the factors discussed in section 1 to evaluate this provider:

1. Approval Status: Bach to Rock is approved to receive funds from Ohio ACE educational savings accounts.

2. Payment Requirements: Bach to Rock requires payment upfront.

3. Location: Bach to Rock is located in Powell, Ohio.

4. Services Offered: Bach to Rock offers music lessons for children on the autism spectrum, have ADHD or other special needs through the assistance of credentialed applied music teachers on the school faculty and contracted instruction for faculty with child psychologists.

5. Reputation: Researching online reviews and testimonials, we find that Bach to Rock has a positive reputation for providing high-quality music lessons and excellent customer service.

Section 3: Conclusion

In conclusion, choosing an education service provider requires careful consideration of key factors such as approval status, payment requirements, location, services offered, and reputation. By using the practical examples provided in this lesson, you can make an informed decision and choose a provider that best meets your needs and learning objectives. Remember that the skills gained from this lesson can be applied to new problems and scenarios, helping you make informed decisions about education service providers in the future.


text:
video games...

Video games have been a part of popular culture for over 40 years and there is no denying that their popularity will continue to grow. It’s not just teenagers who spend hours each day playing games, primary aged children, adults, babies and even cats are spending more and more time playing video games. This medium is so pervasive that we are now seeing games in almost all aspects of our lives, from games on our mobile phones, in advertising, in workplace and now in school! The purpose of video games is no longer just to entertain – games are being used for marketing, education, politics and socialising. With such a strong presence in our lives, it makes sense that you are equipped with the skills to critically engage with video games as a text form and understand how game designers use the features of games to create meaning. Let's face it, you probably already have these skills - so let's use this course to develop and challenge what you think you know about video games!

During this semester-long course, you will be spending a lot of time playing video games (woohoo!) but you'll also spend time getting critical about the games you play and the way in which video games reflect and shape your attitudes to other people, yourselves and the world! Of course, you will also get to be creative as well by creating your own online game reviews and designing your own video game.

This course is made up of FOUR main projects - two are individual projects and two are team projects. You can find out more about each project by clicking on the buttons below:

Attribution for images in header:http://www.flickr.com/photos/kwl/4595324641/sizes/m/in/photostream/ (Things are going to get a bit crazy in here by kennymatic)http://www.flickr.com/photos/99472898@N00/4856986697 (Finally by kennymatic)http://www.flickr.com/photos/8344872@N05/4255155915 (8-bit Basement by Alex Eylar)

textbook:
# Lesson 1: Introduction to Video Games

## I. Overview

In this lesson, we will explore the world of video games. We will learn about their history, how they are designed, and why they are so popular. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

- Define what a video game is
- Understand the history of video games
- Describe the different components of a video game
- Explain why video games are popular

## II. What is a Video Game?

A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. Video games can be played on many different types of devices, including consoles, computers, smartphones, and tablets.

## III. History of Video Games

The first video game was created in 1958 by a computer scientist named William Higinbotham. It was called "Tennis for Two" and was played on an oscilloscope screen. In the following decades, video games became more popular and advanced, with the release of games like "Pong" in 1972, "Space Invaders" in 1978, and "Super Mario Bros." in 1985.

## IV. Components of a Video Game

There are several components that make up a video game. These include:

- Graphics: The visual elements of the game, including characters, backgrounds, and objects.
- Sound: The audio elements of the game, including music, sound effects, and voice acting.
- Gameplay: The interactive experience of the game, including controls, mechanics, and objectives.
- Story: The narrative elements of the game, including plot, characters, and setting.

## V. Why are Video Games Popular?

Video games are popular because they provide an immersive and interactive experience for players. They allow people to escape from reality and enter a new world, where they can be anyone they want to be and do anything they want to do. Video games also provide a social outlet for people to connect with others and compete against each other. Additionally, video games can be educational, helping people learn new skills and information.

## VI. Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about the basics of video games. We explored what makes them unique, how they have evolved over time, and why they are so popular. In the next lesson, we will dive deeper into the design of video games and how they are created.


text: WASHINGTON – Legislation by Congressman Bill Owens strengthening efforts against drug trafficking on the northern border passed in the U.S. House of Representatives Tuesday night..”. The proposal would, Owens aides said, area district attorneys praised Owens’ quick action in introducing legislation to assist northern border communities:. “The Northern Border has long been exploited by those engaged in cross border drug trafficking. Its devastating impact is felt not only here in Northern New York, but in communities throughout the northeastern United States, as many of our young people are lured into a life of crime,” said St. Lawrence County District Attorney Nicole M. Duvé. “I applaud Congressman Owens’ efforts to introduce federal legislation that will help direct attention and much needed resources to this problem.”. Senator Charles Schumer has introduced a companion bill, referred to the Senate Committee on the Judiciary.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding the Importance of Drug Trafficking Laws

Introduction:
Drug trafficking is the act of transporting or selling drugs on a large scale, usually for the purpose of making a profit. It is a serious crime that can have devastating effects on individuals, families, and communities. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of drug trafficking laws and how they protect us.

Section 1: The Importance of Drug Trafficking Laws

Topic 1: The Impact of Drug Trafficking on Society
Drug trafficking can have a significant impact on society. It can lead to addiction, crime, and violence. It also puts a strain on healthcare systems, law enforcement agencies, and social services. Drug trafficking laws are essential in preventing these negative effects.

Topic 2: The Role of Law Enforcement in Combating Drug Trafficking
Law enforcement agencies play a crucial role in combating drug trafficking. They work to identify and apprehend drug traffickers, seize their assets, and dismantle their operations. Drug trafficking laws provide the legal framework for law enforcement to do their job effectively.

Section 2: The Importance of Strengthening Drug Trafficking Laws

Topic 1: The Need for Stronger Penalties
Stronger penalties for drug trafficking can serve as a deterrent and ensure that those who engage in this activity face severe consequences. Strengthening drug trafficking laws can help achieve this goal.

Topic 2: The Importance of International Cooperation
Drug trafficking is a global issue that requires international cooperation. Strengthening drug trafficking laws in one country may not be effective if other countries do not take similar measures. International cooperation is essential in combating drug trafficking.

Section 3: Real-World Examples of Drug Trafficking Laws in Action

Topic 1: The War on Drugs
The War on Drugs is a government campaign aimed at reducing the illegal drug trade. It involves increased law enforcement efforts, stricter drug trafficking laws, and greater funding for drug rehabilitation programs.

Topic 2: The Effects of Drug Trafficking Laws on Local Communities
Drug trafficking can have a significant impact on local communities. For example, in areas where drug trafficking is prevalent, property values may decline, and crime rates may rise. Strong drug trafficking laws can help mitigate these effects.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, drug trafficking laws are essential in protecting individuals, families, and communities from the negative effects of drug trafficking. By understanding the importance of these laws and working to strengthen them, we can help create a safer and more just world.

Glossary:
- Drug trafficking: The act of transporting or selling drugs on a large scale, usually for the purpose of making a profit.
- Law enforcement: Agencies responsible for maintaining public order, preventing and detecting crime, and apprehending criminals.
- International cooperation: Collaboration between countries to address shared issues and challenges.

Self-Debating Discussion:
Do you think drug trafficking laws are effective in preventing drug trafficking? Why or why not? Use evidence to support your argument.


text: Lawmakers Who Signed RIF's FY08 Dear Colleague Letters. Below is a list of all of the U.S. Senators by state who signed the letter to appropriators on behalf of RIF or read the actual Senate letter with signatures:. Below is a list of all of the Representatives by state and district who signed the letter to appropriators on behalf of RIF or read the actual House letter with signatures:. Contact your lawmakers and ask them to support RIF's funding for FY08.. Don't see your senators’ or representative’s name? Have your RIF children write letters to Congress and drive home the message of the Dear Colleague letter. Members of Congress have heard from the grown-ups, now let them hear from RIF children about the books they received in their states and districts.. Organizing a May children's letter drive to Congress is easy using our templates and instructions.. Please mail all letters to RIF by Friday, June 1..

textbook:
Lesson: How to Write Effective Letters to Influence Lawmakers
Introduction:
Writing letters to lawmakers is an effective way to influence policy decisions that affect our lives. However, writing such letters requires careful planning and attention to detail. In this lesson, we will learn how to write effective letters to lawmakers that can help us achieve our goals.
Section 1: Understanding the Purpose of the Letter
The first step in writing an effective letter to lawmakers is understanding the purpose of the letter. The purpose of the letter should be clear and specific. It should outline the issue you want to address and the action you want the lawmaker to take.
Section 2: Researching Your Lawmakers
Before you start writing your letter, you need to research your lawmakers. Find out who your representatives are and what their positions are on the issues you care about. This information will help you tailor your letter to their interests and concerns.
Section 3: Writing the Letter
Once you have researched your lawmakers, it's time to start writing your letter. Here are some tips for writing an effective letter:
- Use a clear and concise subject line that summarizes the purpose of the letter.
- Address the letter to the lawmaker by their full title and include their contact information.
- Begin the letter with a clear statement of the issue you want to address and the action you want the lawmaker to take.
- Provide specific examples and data to support your position.
- Use a polite and professional tone throughout the letter.
- End the letter with a call to action, such as asking the lawmaker to vote in favor of a particular bill or to meet with you to discuss the issue further.
Section 4: Submitting the Letter
Once you have written your letter, it's time to submit it. Here are some tips for submitting your letter:
- Send the letter to the appropriate office or email address.
- Follow up with a phone call to confirm that the letter was received and to answer any questions.
- Keep a copy of the letter for your records.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, writing effective letters to lawmakers is an important skill that can help us influence policy decisions that affect our lives. By following the tips in this lesson, you can write a letter that is clear, concise, and persuasive. Remember to research your lawmakers, use specific examples and data to support your position, and end with a clear call to action. Good luck!
Glossary:
- Lawmakers: People who make laws
- Dear Colleague Letter: A letter sent to colleagues in Congress
- FY08: Fiscal Year 2008
- RIF: Reading Is Fundamental


text: Goodnight, Vivienne, Goodnight. Fourth Estate, $32.99 pb, 239 pp. Silence and screams. Early in Steven Carroll’s novel Goodnight, Vivienne, Goodnight, a middle-aged woman contemplates her own existence: ‘Vivienne, Vivie. Viv. Now distant, now near. Who was she? The Vivienne now sitting in the gardens of Northumberland House, Finsbury Park, is contemplating the question.’ This Viv is Vivienne Haigh-Wood, the first wife of T.S. Eliot – or Carroll’s fictional rendition of her. Northumberland House is an asylum where, by 1940, Viv has lived for several years. Her previous actions include not accepting the end of her relationship with Eliot, dabbling in fascism (‘Did you tell him I just liked the uniform?’), and asking a police officer at five one morning if it’s true her husband has been beheaded. Institutionalised, she now lives in quiet defiance of other people’s perceptions and diagnoses of her. And with the help of her friend Louise and a group called the Lunacy Law Reform Society, she is about to do a runner..

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Literature Analysis

Overview: In this lesson, we will learn about the basic elements of literature analysis and how to read and interpret literary texts. We will focus on understanding the themes, symbols, and characters in a story, as well as analyzing the author's writing style and techniques.

Objectives: By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

1. Identify the main themes and symbols in a literary text.
2. Analyze the characters and their relationships in a story.
3. Understand the author's writing style and techniques.
4. Apply these skills to analyze a given literary text.

Section 1: Introduction to Literature Analysis

Literature analysis is the process of reading and interpreting literary texts. It involves examining the themes, symbols, characters, and writing style of a story to understand its deeper meaning and significance.

Section 2: Themes and Symbols

Themes are the underlying messages or ideas in a literary text. They can be broad ideas such as love, death, or society. Symbols are objects or images that represent these themes. For example, a butterfly may symbolize transformation or change.

Section 3: Characters and Relationships

Characters are the people or animals in a story who drive the plot forward. Analyzing their relationships and interactions can reveal important information about their personalities and motivations.

Section 4: Author's Writing Style and Techniques

The author's writing style and techniques can reveal their intentions and goals in writing a particular text. This includes their choice of words, sentence structure, and use of figurative language.

Section 5: Practice Analysis

Let's practice analyzing a literary text using the skills we've learned so far. We will analyze the opening paragraph of "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald.

Conclusion: In this lesson, we learned the basics of literature analysis, including identifying themes and symbols, analyzing characters and relationships, and understanding the author's writing style and techniques. By applying these skills to a literary text, we can gain a deeper understanding of its meaning and significance.


text: FIN 600 - Financial Analysis and Decision Making (3 cr.) This course introduces students to the theory and techniques of financial analysis with application to real world problems and situations. Topics include risk and return, asset pricing, capital budgeting and corporate investment decisions, capital structure decisions, dividend policy, corporate merger, divestiture and take-over decisions. Students can get credit for either FIN 600 or MBA 600 but not both. Every Year, All SessionsFall 2014

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Financial Analysis

## Section 1: What is Financial Analysis?
Financial analysis is the process of evaluating financial information to make informed decisions about a company's financial health, performance, and future prospects. It involves analyzing financial statements, such as income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements, to identify trends, assess risks, and make recommendations for improving financial performance.

## Section 2: Why is Financial Analysis Important?
Financial analysis is important because it helps businesses make informed decisions about their financial future. By analyzing financial statements, businesses can identify areas where they are performing well and areas where they need to improve. This information can be used to make informed decisions about investments, budgeting, and resource allocation. Additionally, financial analysis can help businesses identify potential risks and opportunities, allowing them to make proactive decisions that can help them stay competitive in the market.

## Section 3: How do you Conduct Financial Analysis?
To conduct financial analysis, you will need to gather financial data from various sources, such as financial statements, industry reports, and news articles. Once you have collected the necessary data, you will need to analyze it using various tools and techniques, such as ratio analysis, forecasting, and sensitivity analysis. These tools will help you identify trends, assess risks, and make recommendations for improving financial performance.

## Section 4: Examples of Financial Analysis
One example of financial analysis is a company's income statement, which shows how much revenue the company generated and how much it spent on expenses during a specific period of time. Another example is a balance sheet, which shows the company's assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time. Financial analysts may also use cash flow statements to analyze how much cash the company generated or used during a specific period of time.

## Section 5: Conclusion
Financial analysis is an essential tool for businesses looking to make informed decisions about their financial future. By analyzing financial statements and identifying trends, risks, and opportunities, businesses can make proactive decisions that can help them stay competitive in the market. Whether you are a small business owner or a financial analyst, understanding the basics of financial analysis can help you make better decisions about your financial future.

## Glossary
- Financial Analysis: The process of evaluating financial information to make informed decisions about a company's financial health, performance, and future prospects.
- Financial Statements: Documents that provide information about a company's financial performance, including income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements.
- Ratio Analysis: A technique used to evaluate financial statements by comparing line items within the statements.
- Forecasting: The process of making predictions about future financial performance based on historical data and current trends.
- Sensitivity Analysis: A technique used to evaluate the impact of changes in assumptions on financial outcomes.


text: Welcome back! Today we have two blocks (17 and 22). Both of these blocks have the same construction, but use different placement and number of colors of prints to change the look up a bit.. Block 17 is a the two color version and I just love the gingham in this one!. Block 22 uses four colors. Both blocks have directional prints, so I was intentional when laying out all the squares and HSTs to sew them back together.. Once you've made the HSTs accoding to the pattern booklet instructions, you are ready to get these blocks together. This is a perfect block to use the "webbing technique" on. Alteratively, you can sew them in separate rows and then join the rows.. I pressed each of my rows in different directions. And then once I joined the rows, I pressed seams toward rows that were all squares. This helped my block to lay pretty flat overall. :-). The aqua and rouge pink version might be my favorite!. See ya on Friday!

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Quilt Making

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
Quilting is an ancient craft that involves sewing together layers of fabric to create a warm and decorative cover. It has been used for centuries to keep people warm during cold weather and as a form of artistic expression. In this lesson, we will explore the basic concepts of quilt making, including the different types of quilts, their history, and the materials used in the process.

### Questions and Answers
1. What is quilt making?
Answer: Quilt making is the process of sewing together layers of fabric to create a warm and decorative cover.

2. What are the different types of quilts?
Answer: There are many different types of quilts, including patchwork quilts, appliqué quilts, and crazy quilts.

3. What is the history of quilt making?
Answer: Quilt making has a long history, dating back to ancient Egypt and Greece. It became popular in Europe during the Middle Ages and spread to the Americas with the arrival of European settlers.

4. What materials are used in quilt making?
Answer: The materials used in quilt making include fabrics such as cotton, wool, silk, and polyester. Other materials used include batting, thread, and needles.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
Now that we have covered the theoretical concepts, let's look at some practical examples of quilt making. We will explore the steps involved in creating a simple patchwork quilt, including choosing fabric, cutting and sewing the pieces together, and finishing the edges.

### Questions and Answers
1. How do you choose fabric for a quilt?
Answer: When choosing fabric for a quilt, consider the colors, patterns, and textures that you want to use. You may also want to choose fabrics that coordinate well together or have a common theme.

2. How do you cut fabric for a quilt?
Answer: To cut fabric for a quilt, you will need to follow a pattern that tells you how much fabric to cut and where to place the pieces. You may use scissors, a rotary cutter, or a cutting mat to cut the fabric accurately.

3. How do you sew the pieces together?
Answer: Once you have cut the fabric, you will need to sew the pieces together to create the quilt top. This can be done by hand or using a sewing machine. Be sure to press the seams open or to one side to ensure that the quilt lays flat.

4. How do you finish the edges of a quilt?
Answer: After the quilt top is complete, you will need to finish the edges by adding a layer of batting and then another layer of fabric called the backing. This is done by sewing the three layers together, leaving a small opening for turning and stuffing the quilt. Once the layers are sewn together, the opening is closed with a whipstitch or other decorative stitch.

## Section 3: Real-World Scenarios
Now that we have explored the theoretical concepts and practical examples of quilt making, let's look at some real-world scenarios where quilting can be used. We will explore the use of quilts in various settings, including home decor, fashion, and community projects.

### Questions and Answers
1. How can quilts be used in home decor?
Answer: Quilts can be used as wall hangings, bed covers, or throw blankets to add color and texture to a room. They can also be used to cover furniture, such as a sofa or armchair, to protect it from wear and tear.

2. How can quilts be used in fashion?
Answer: Quilts can be used in fashion as clothing, such as jackets or vests, or as accessories, such as scarves or belts. They can also be used to make purses, totes, or other bags.

3. How can quilts be used in community projects?
Answer: Quilts can be used in community projects to create a sense of unity and shared purpose. For example, a group of people could work together to make a quilt for a local charity or organization. This could be a fun way to bring people together and create something beautiful that benefits others.

Conclusion
In this lesson, we have explored the basic concepts, practical examples, and real-world scenarios of quilt making. We have learned about the different types of quilts, their history, and the materials used in the process. We have also looked at the steps involved in creating a simple patchwork quilt and how quilts can be used in various settings. By applying the skills gained from this lesson, you can create your own beautiful and functional quilts.


text:
MADISON, NEW JERSEY - AUGUST 11: Zion Williamson of the New Orleans Pelicans poses for a portrait during the 2019 NBA Rookie Photo Shoot on August 11, 2019 at the Ferguson Recreation Center in Madison, New Jersey. (Photo by Elsa/Getty Images)

Duke basketball: The three greatest showmen in Blue Devils history by Matt Giles

In a recent article, ESPN has predicted current New Orleans Pelican and former Duke Basketball sensation Zion Williamson as the 2019 Rookie of the Year.

ESPN recently published an article predicting who would win Rookie of the Year as well as both conference title and the NBA Championship.

To the surprise of no one, the World Wide Leader of Sports predicted former Duke phenom and current New Orleans Pelican Zion Williamson to bring home the award.

The voting was based on a points system and Williamson received 143 points, which was 73% of the vote.

Williamson, the No. 1 overall pick in the draft, was ahead of No. 2 pick of the Memphis Grizzlies Ja Morant who received 88 points and 18.1% of the votes.

In third place was Williamson’s teammate at Duke and No. 3 overall pick of the New York Knicks, RJ Barrett. Barrett brought in 53 points and 9.1% first place votes.

Other players that received votes were Darius Garland, Coby White, Jarrett Culver, and 2018 First Round Draft Pick of the Denver Nuggets, Michael Porter Jr.

In his one season at Duke, Williamson was a consensus All-American and the consensus National Player of the Year along with leading the Blue Devils to an ACC Tournament Championship.

The No. 1 overall pick averaged 22.6 points, 8.9 rebounds, 2.1 assists, 2.1 steals, and 1.8 blocks per game while shooting 68.0% from the field and 33.8% from 3-point range.

Former No. 1 overall picks have the Rookie of the Year three of the past five years, with No. 3 pick Luka Doncic winning last season and the No. 36 overall pick Malcom Brogdon winning in 2016-17.

Ben Simmons won the award in 2017-18 despite being the No. 1 pick in the 2016 NBA Draft as he did not play that season due to injury.

In its Rookie of the Year prediction article, Jonathan Givony and Mike Schmitz give the strengths and weaknesses of each player in an ESPN+ article that can be found here.

ESPN also predicted the Los Angeles Clippers will in the NBA Title, while the Milwaukee Bucks will win the Eastern Conference while the Denver Nuggets will be the No. 1 seed in the Western Conference.

Zion Williamson will start his Rookie of the Year campaign on October 22 against the Toronto Raptors at 8:00pm EST on TNT.

textbook:
Title: Introduction to Probability Theory

Overview:
Probability theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the study of random events and their likelihood of occurrence. It has numerous applications in various fields such as finance, engineering, computer science, and statistics. In this lesson, we will introduce the basic concepts of probability theory, including probability spaces, random variables, and probability distributions. We will also provide examples and exercises to help you understand the practical applications of these concepts.

I. Probability Spaces

A probability space is a set of all possible outcomes of an experiment or a game. It is denoted by the symbol (Ω, F, P), where Ω represents the set of all possible outcomes, F is a collection of subsets of Ω called events, and P is a probability function that assigns a probability to each event in F.

II. Random Variables

A random variable is a function that maps each outcome in the probability space to a numerical value. It represents the possible values that a particular quantity can take on, such as the number of heads in a coin toss or the number of points scored by a team in a basketball game.

III. Probability Distributions

A probability distribution is a function that describes the likelihood of obtaining different values of a random variable. It is usually represented by a graph or a table that shows the probability of each value or range of values. There are several types of probability distributions, including discrete, continuous, uniform, normal, and binomial.

IV. Examples and Exercises

Example 1: In a deck of cards, there are four suits (hearts, diamonds, clubs, and spades). What is the probability of drawing a heart from the deck?

Solution: There are 13 cards in a standard deck, and one of them is a heart. Therefore, the probability of drawing a heart is 1/13 or approximately 0.0769.

Exercise 1: A fair six-sided die is rolled. What is the probability of rolling an even number?

Solution: There are three even numbers on a six-sided die (2, 4, and 6). Therefore, the probability of rolling an even number is 3/6 or approximately 0.5.

V. Conclusion

In this lesson, we have introduced the basic concepts of probability theory, including probability spaces, random variables, and probability distributions. We have provided examples and exercises to help you understand the practical applications of these concepts. By mastering these concepts, you will be able to make informed decisions and predictions in various fields, such as finance, engineering, computer science, and statistics.


text: Description. Cities: Skylines is a modern take on the classic city simulation. The game introduces new game play elements to realize the thrill and hardships of creating &!. The Deluxe Edition includes 5 In-game historical monuments including:. – Statue of Liberty. – Eiffel Tower. – Brandenburg Gate. – Arc de Triumph. – Grand Central Terminal. Extra Original Soundtrack: Includes 14 unique tracks mixed from the ambient music of the game, allowing you to enjoy the wonderful music whenever you want.. Extra Digital Art book: See the concepts behind the buildings! The book features almost a 100 hand drawn concepts of the game various buildings and the story behind each.. Reviews. There are no reviews yet.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to City Building Simulation Games

## Section 1: Theoretical Concepts
In this lesson, we will learn about city building simulation games. These games allow players to create and manage their own cities. They must plan for growth, provide services, and manage resources efficiently to keep their citizens happy. We will explore the basic concepts of these games and how they can be applied in real-world situations.

## Section 2: Practical Examples
Let's consider a simple example. Imagine you are creating a new city from scratch. You need to start with the basics - roads, power, water, and sewage systems. As your city grows, you will need to add schools, hospitals, and other public services. You also need to make sure that your citizens have jobs and can afford to live in your city.

To illustrate this, let's look at a real-world example. The city of Los Angeles has grown significantly over the past few decades. In order to accommodate this growth, the city had to build new roads, power plants, and water treatment facilities. They also had to ensure that there were enough schools, hospitals, and other public services to serve the growing population.

## Section 3: Self-Debating Discussions
Now let's consider a more complex scenario. Imagine that your city is facing a major crisis. Perhaps there is a natural disaster like an earthquake or a hurricane. How would you respond? What services would you need to provide immediately? How would you ensure that your citizens are safe and that the damage is minimized?

In real-world situations, cities often face similar challenges. For example, after Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans in 2005, the city had to provide emergency services like food, water, and shelter to thousands of people who were displaced. They also had to rebuild the infrastructure that was damaged by the storm.

## Glossary
- City Building Simulation Game: A type of video game where players create and manage their own cities.
- Infrastructure: The basic physical and organizational structure of a city, including roads, power plants, water treatment facilities, etc.
- Services: Facilities and programs provided by the government or other organizations to meet the needs of citizens, such as schools, hospitals, and public transportation.
- Resources: Raw materials or assets that are needed to create and maintain a city, such as land, money, and labor.

## Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about city building simulation games and how they can be applied in real-world situations. We explored practical examples of how to plan for growth, provide services, and manage resources efficiently. We also engaged in self-debating discussions to think critically about how to respond to crises. By understanding these concepts, we can apply them to new problems and become better city planners.


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A robotic geologist armed with a hammer and quake monitor rocketed toward Mars on Saturday, aiming to land on the red planet and explore its mysterious insides.

Nasa mission to map Mars interior will launch this weekend Read more

In a twist, Nasa launched the Mars InSight lander from California rather than Florida’s Cape Canaveral. It was the first interplanetary mission ever to depart from the west coast, drawing pre-dawn crowds to Vandenberg Air Force Base and rocket watchers down the California coast into Baja.

The spacecraft will take more than six months to get to Mars and start its unprecedented geologic excavations, traveling 300 million miles to get there. InSight will dig deeper into Mars than ever before – nearly 16ft – to take the planet’s temperature. It will also attempt to make the first measurements of marsquakes, using a high-tech seismometer placed directly on the Martian surface.

The Atlas V rocket also carried a pair of mini satellites, or CubeSats, meant to trail InSight all the way to Mars in a first-of-its-kind technology demonstration.

The $1bn mission involves scientists from the US, France, Germany and elsewhere in Europe.

“I can’t describe to you in words how very excited I am … to go off to Mars,” said project manager Tom Hoffman from Nasa’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. “It’s going to be awesome.”

Nasa has not put a spacecraft down on Mars since the Curiosity rover in 2012. The US is the only country to successfully land and operate a spacecraft at Mars. Only about 40% of all missions to Mars from all countries – orbiters and landers alike – have proven successful.

If all goes well, the three-legged InSight will descend by parachute and engine firings onto a flat equatorial region of Mars – believed to be free of big, potentially dangerous rocks – on 26 November. Once down, it will stay put, using a mechanical arm to place the science instruments on the surface.

“This mission will probe the interior of another terrestrial planet, giving us an idea of the size of the core, the mantle, the crust and our ability then to compare that with the Earth,” said Nasa chief scientist Jim Green. “This is of fundamental importance to understand the origin of our solar system and how it became the way it is today.”

Facebook Twitter Pinterest An artist’s concept shows the InSight lander, its sensors, cameras and instruments, on Mars. Photograph: JPL-CALTECH/NASA

InSight’s chief scientist, Bruce Banerdt of JPL, said Mars was ideal for learning how the rocky planets of our solar system formed 4.5 billion years ago. Unlike our active Earth, Mars has not been transformed by plate tectonics and other processes, he noted.

Over the course of two Earth years – or one Martian year – scientists expect InSight’s three main experiments to provide a true 3-D image of Mars. The lander is equipped with a seismometer for measuring marsquakes, a self-hammering probe for burrowing beneath the surface, and a radio system for tracking the spacecraft’s position and planet’s wobbly rotation, thereby revealing the size and composition of Mars’ core.

“InSight, for seismologists, will really be a piece of history, a new page of history,” said the Paris Institute of Earth Physics’ Philippe Lognonne, lead scientist of the InSight seismometer.

Problems with the French-supplied seismometer kept InSight from launching two years ago. California was always part of the plan. Nasa normally launches from Cape Canaveral, but decided to switch to California for InSight to take advantage of a shorter flight backlog. This was the first US interplanetary mission to launch from somewhere other than Cape Canaveral.

textbook:
words how excited I am,” said InSight’s project manager Tom Hoffman at Vandenberg Air Force Base. “It’s gone from being an idea, to a proposal, to a design, to a beautifully constructed spacecraft, and now it’s flying to Mars.”

The robotic geologist is equipped with a hammer and quake monitor to explore Mars' mysterious insides. This mission will be the first time anyone has dug deeper into Mars than ever before, measuring its temperature and attempting to detect marsquakes using a high-tech seismometer. The mission involves scientists from the US, France, Germany, and other European countries.

Lesson: Introduction to Mars Exploration

### Overview

In this lesson, we will learn about the Mars InSight lander and its mission to explore the mysterious insides of Mars. We will cover the following topics:

1. Introduction to Mars InSight Lander
2. Objectives of the Mission
3. Instruments on Board the Lander
4. Importance of Mars Exploration
5. Conclusion

### Section 1: Introduction to Mars InSight Lander

Mars InSight is a robotic geologist that was launched by NASA on May 5, 2018, from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. It is the first interplanetary mission to depart from the west coast and the first mission to land on Mars since the Curiosity rover in 2012. The lander will take more than six months to reach Mars and start its unprecedented geologic excavations.

### Section 2: Objectives of the Mission

The primary objectives of the Mars InSight mission are to:

1. Determine the internal structure of Mars, including its composition and the size of its core.
2. Measure the planet's temperature.
3. Detect marsquakes and study the planet's seismology.

These objectives will help scientists better understand the formation and evolution of Mars, as well as the potential for life on the planet.

### Section 3: Instruments on Board the Lander

Mars InSight carries several instruments to help achieve its objectives:

1. Seismometer: This instrument will measure marsquakes and provide information about the planet's interior.
2. Heat Flow Probe: This probe will burrow beneath the surface of Mars to measure the planet's heat flow and temperature.
3. Rotation and Interior Structure Experiment (RISE): This experiment will measure the planet's internal structure by tracking changes in the lander's position caused by Mars' internal activity.
4. Temperature and Winds Device (TWD): This instrument will measure the temperature and wind on the Martian surface.

### Section 4: Importance of Mars Exploration

Mars exploration is important because it helps us understand the history and evolution of our solar system. By studying Mars, we can learn about the formation and development of planets, the potential for life on other planets, and the potential for future human exploration. Additionally, Mars exploration can help us understand the potential risks and challenges associated with sending humans to Mars.

### Section 5: Conclusion

In conclusion, the Mars InSight lander is an important mission that will help us better understand the mysterious insides of Mars. By studying the planet's internal structure, temperature, and seismology, we can gain valuable insights into the formation and evolution of Mars, as well as the potential for life on the planet. We look forward to the data and discoveries that this mission will bring.


text: Pensioner Joe Ridley thinks the benefits system penalises hard-working people who've put money aside for their retirement.. The 74-year-old retired train driver has a small pension from British Rail in addition to his state pension and some savings, which places him above the Government limit for claiming benefits.. But at the launch of the campaign he received information which may help him.. Mr Ridley, of Blakelaw, Newcastle, recently had a knee operation and is hoping he may qualify for some sort of allowance.. "People work all their lives and all they want is a decent retirement and something to leave their family," he said. "The system is unfair because people with even a modest amount of savings find they don't qualify for benefits.. "People need information about their entitlements and what I've heard today has been useful."

textbook:
Lesson: Benefits System and Retirement

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the benefits system and how it affects people during their retirement. We will cover topics such as eligibility for benefits, types of benefits available, and how to calculate benefits based on savings and pensions.

Section 1: Eligibility for Benefits

Topic 1: Types of Benefits
There are several types of benefits available to people during their retirement. These include:

1. State Pension: This is a government-funded benefit that all individuals over a certain age are entitled to receive.
2. Private Pension: Some individuals may have a private pension in addition to their state pension.
3. Savings: People may have saved money throughout their working years, which can be used to supplement their retirement income.

Topic 2: Eligibility Criteria
To be eligible for benefits, individuals must meet certain criteria. For example, they must be over a certain age or have a low income. Additionally, individuals with significant savings or a large private pension may not be eligible for certain benefits.

Question: How does the government determine eligibility for benefits?
Answer: The government uses a variety of factors to determine eligibility for benefits, including age, income, and assets.

Section 2: Calculating Benefits

Topic 1: Income and Assets
When calculating benefits, the government takes into account an individual's income and assets. This includes their state pension, private pension, and savings.

Topic 2: Benefit Formula
The formula used to calculate benefits varies depending on the type of benefit. However, generally, the formula takes into account an individual's income and assets, as well as any expenses they may have.

Question: How does the benefit formula treat savings?
Answer: Savings can affect an individual's eligibility for benefits and can also be used to calculate the amount of benefits they receive.

Section 3: Real-World Examples

Topic 1: Example 1
Joe Ridley, a 74-year-old retired train driver, has a small pension from British Rail in addition to his state pension and some savings. He is above the government limit for claiming benefits. However, after having a knee operation, he may qualify for some sort of allowance.

Topic 2: Example 2
Mary Smith, a 65-year-old retired teacher, has a large private pension and some savings. She is eligible for the state pension but not for any other benefits due to her significant assets.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we learned about the benefits system and how it affects people during their retirement. We covered topics such as eligibility for benefits, types of benefits available, and how to calculate benefits based on savings and pensions. We also looked at real-world examples to illustrate these concepts. By understanding these concepts, individuals can make informed decisions about their retirement planning and benefit eligibility.

Glossary:
Benefits System: A set of government programs designed to provide financial assistance to individuals in need.
State Pension: A government-funded benefit that all individuals over a certain age are entitled to receive.
Private Pension: A pension fund that an individual may have in addition to their state pension.
Savings: Money that individuals have saved throughout their working years, which can be used to supplement their retirement income.


text:
Symptomatic vascular rings in adulthood: an uncommon mimic of asthma.
Symptomatic thoracic vascular rings presenting in adulthood are thought to be rare. During a 3-year time period, we diagnosed four cases of symptomatic vascular rings, which had been treated unsuccessfully for suspected asthma. Spirometry was characterized by normal forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC, decreased peak expiratory flow (PEF), and truncation of the expiratory flow volume loop. Chest radiographs revealed a right aortic arch in each case with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirming the diagnosis of a vascular ring. The specific abnormalities consisted of right aortic arch with mirror branching of the main arteries and persistent ligamentum arteriosum; right aortic arch with diverticulum and a fibrous embryonic left arch; right aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery arising from a diverticulum of Kommerell; and a right aortic arch with persistent ligamentum arteriosum. Although they are uncommon, vascular rings first presenting in adulthood as a mimic of asthma are not rare. This diagnosis should be considered in adults when abnormal truncation of the flow-volume loop occurs or when radiographic aortic arch abnormalities are found.

textbook:
Lesson: Symptomatic Vascular Rings in Adulthood

Introduction:
Vascular rings are abnormalities in the aorta where the aortic arch divides into the two main branches, the left and right subclavian arteries. These rings can cause various symptoms such as respiratory distress, cyanosis, and gastrointestinal bleeding. In this lesson, we will learn about symptomatic vascular rings in adulthood, their symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Section 1: What are symptomatic vascular rings?
Symptomatic vascular rings are a rare condition where the aortic arch does not develop normally during fetal development. This results in a ring-like structure that can compress the trachea and esophagus, causing respiratory and digestive problems.

Section 2: Symptoms of symptomatic vascular rings
The symptoms of symptomatic vascular rings vary depending on the severity of the compression. They may include shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, chest pain, and heartburn. Some people may also experience cyanosis, which is a bluish tint to the skin due to reduced oxygen levels in the blood.

Section 3: Diagnosis of symptomatic vascular rings
Diagnosing symptomatic vascular rings can be challenging because the symptoms are similar to other conditions such as asthma. However, doctors may suspect the condition based on the patient's medical history and physical examination. Imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs can help confirm the diagnosis.

Section 4: Treatment of symptomatic vascular rings
The treatment for symptomatic vascular rings depends on the severity of the condition. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the abnormal ring or repair the aortic arch. In other cases, medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms such as shortness of breath and chest pain.

Section 5: Conclusion
In conclusion, symptomatic vascular rings in adulthood are a rare condition that can cause respiratory and digestive problems. Diagnosis can be challenging, but imaging tests can help confirm the diagnosis. Treatment options include surgery and medications, depending on the severity of the condition. Understanding the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of symptomatic vascular rings can help individuals seek appropriate medical care and manage their condition effectively.

Glossary:
- Aortic arch: The part of the aorta that branches into the two main arteries, the left and right subclavian arteries.
- Subclavian arteries: Two major arteries that originate from the aortic arch and supply blood to the arms and shoulders.
- Cyanosis: A bluish tint to the skin due to reduced oxygen levels in the blood.
- Trachea: The windpipe that connects the mouth and nose to the lungs.
- Esophagus: The muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
- Gastrointestinal bleeding: Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.