text:
There were a lot of good reasons why Anheuser-Busch InBev (NYSE:BUD) should have bought Craft Brew Alliance (NASDAQ:BREW) back in August. Valuation was undoubtedly the reason why it didn't.

At a required $24.50-per-share price for the craft brewer under the terms of the "qualifying offer" agreement the two had in place, it would have cost the megabrewer around $500 million based upon the number of shares Craft Brew Alliance had outstanding. It was cheaper to pay the $20 million incentive fee required by the agreement for what was admittedly a diminished brand working on a turnaround.

Anheuser-Busch just agreed to purchase the remaining 69% of Craft Brew Alliance it didn't already own. Even including that original fee, at $321 million, it got a good deal on one of the fastest-growing craft beer brands, Kona Brewing.

The acquisition price also indicates that Boston Beer (NYSE:SAM) may have vastly overpaid for regional craft brewer Dogfish Head Brewing when it paid $300 million to acquire it earlier this year.

An industry in transition

The acquisitions by Anheuser-Busch and Boston Beer indicate that both think there is still some growth left in the U.S. craft beer market. Although growth has faded from the double-digit pace the industry and investors had become accustomed to, sales continue to expand. Industry production volumes were up 4% over the first six months of the year. However, the makeup of that sales growth is changing.

Rather than purchasing more mass-produced craft beers, drinkers have gone local. More often than not, they have been supporting local brewpubs and microbreweries recently. Dogfish Head has about a half dozen restaurants, alehouses, and tasting rooms connected to its brewery, while Craft Brew Alliance has five brewpubs. But that's about where the similarities end.

Bargain-basement shopping

Craft Brew Alliance is a much larger brewer than Dogfish Head. Whereas the latter brews around 300,000 barrels of beer a year, the former produces more than twice that amount, with 653,000 barrels produced in 2018. Craft beer industry trade group Brewers Association says that Craft Brew Alliance is the 13th largest brewer in the U.S., while Dogfish Head is the 22nd largest.

Yet Boston Beer paid a big premium for Dogfish Head, as the purchase price for the regional brewer equated to $1,000 per barrel. That may not be quite as inflated as the exorbitant $3,400 per barrel that Constellation Brands paid for Ballast Point Brewing in 2015, but Anheuser-Busch is buying Craft Brew Alliance for a price equivalent to just $493 a barrel. That's a bargain, and one that might not sit well with non-Anheuser-Busch-affiliated shareholders.

Through the first nine months of 2019, Boston Beer has already produced over 4 million barrels, meaning that Dogfish Head will make a negligible contribution to the brewer's efforts. It may give Boston Beer some extra capacity, but the company's main struggle has been in producing enough hard seltzer to meet demand. Sales of its flagship Samuel Adams beer brand are dwindling. The brewer actually produces more seltzer than it does beer these days.

The hangover to come

Anheuser-Busch got a good price for Craft Brew Alliance just by waiting a couple of months to make the purchase. But its bargain purchase of Craft Brew Alliance also means that Boston Beer likely overpaid for Dogfish Head.

Constellation Brands was forced to begin writing down the value of Ballast Point Brewing last year as the craft beer industry's slowdown continued. Having paid such an elevated price for its own craft brewer, it would not be surprising to see Boston Beer eventually have to take charges related to its acquisition.

textbook:
Lesson: Valuation in Business Acquisitions

Introduction:
In business, acquiring other companies is a common strategy to expand operations, increase market share, or gain access to new products or technologies. However, before making an acquisition, it is essential to understand the value of the target company to ensure that the purchase price is fair and reasonable. This lesson will discuss the concept of valuation in business acquisitions, including methods for determining the value of a company, factors that affect valuation, and the importance of due diligence.

Section 1: Understanding Valuation in Business Acquisitions

Topic 1: Methods for Determining Company Value
There are several methods used to determine the value of a company during an acquisition. These methods include:

1. Asset-based valuation: This method involves calculating the total value of a company's assets, including both tangible and intangible assets.
2. Market-based valuation: This method involves comparing the target company to similar companies that have recently been acquired or gone public to determine a fair price.
3. Discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis: This method involves estimating the future cash flows of the company and discounting them back to their present value.
4. Earnings multiples: This method involves comparing the target company's earnings to similar companies and multiplying those earnings by a factor to determine a fair price.

Topic 2: Factors Affecting Valuation
Several factors can affect the valuation of a company during an acquisition. These factors include:

1. Industry trends: The overall health and growth of the industry in which the company operates can impact its value.
2. Financial performance: The company's financial performance, including revenue growth, profitability, and debt levels, can also impact its value.
3. Competitive landscape: The presence of competitors and their market share can influence the value of the company being acquired.
4. Management team: The experience and track record of the company's management team can impact its value.
5. Legal and regulatory environment: Changes in legal and regulatory environments can affect the value of a company.

Topic 3: Due Diligence
Due diligence is the process of verifying the accuracy and completeness of the information provided by the seller during the acquisition process. It is an essential step in the acquisition process to ensure that the target company is worth the purchase price. Due diligence may involve reviewing financial statements, contracts, legal documents, and other relevant materials.

Section 2: Analyzing an Example

Let's consider an example where Company X is interested in acquiring Company Y, a regional craft brewery. To determine the value of Company Y, the acquirer may use a combination of methods, including asset-based valuation, market-based valuation, and DCF analysis.

Asset-based valuation: Company Y has $5 million in tangible assets and $2 million in intangible assets, resulting in a total asset value of $7 million.
Market-based valuation: Similar craft breweries have been acquired for an average of 10 times their earnings. Company Y has earned $1 million in the past year, resulting in a fair price of $10 million.
DCF analysis: Company Y is expected to grow at a rate of 5% per year for the next five years, with a discount rate of 10%. Using these assumptions, the present value of the company is $8 million.

Using these methods, we can see that the valuation of Company Y ranges from $7 million to $10 million, depending on the method used.

Section 3: Conclusion

Understanding the concept of valuation in business acquisitions is essential for making informed decisions during the acquisition process. By using various methods to determine company value, considering factors that affect valuation, and conducting thorough due diligence, buyers can ensure that they are paying a fair price for the target company.

Glossary:
- Asset-based valuation: A method of determining the value of a company by calculating the total value of its assets.
- Market-based valuation: A method of determining the value of a company by comparing it to similar companies that have recently been acquired or gone public.
- Discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis: A method of estimating the future cash flows of a company and discounting them back to their present value.
- Earnings multiples: A method of determining the value of a company by comparing its earnings to similar companies and multiplying those earnings by a factor.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, we discussed the concept of valuation in business acquisitions, including methods for determining company value, factors that affect valuation, and the importance of due diligence. We also analyzed an example to demonstrate how valuation is determined in practice. By understanding these concepts, students can develop critical thinking skills and make informed decisions in the business world.


text:
Civil rights advocates and Muslim leaders in Australia have widely denounced new legislation that calls for dual nationals who are convicted of terrorism-related offenses to be stripped of their Australian citizenship.

The legislation is designed to staunch the flow of Australians going to the Middle East to join groups such as the self-described Islamic State, and to help prevent domestic terror attacks like the hostage crisis in Sydney last December that left three people dead.

The Australian Parliament has passed a raft of anti-terrorism laws in the past 12 months that grant law enforcement agencies new sweeping powers. They can now monitor Internet traffic of suspected jihadists and prevent people from traveling to conflict zones in Syria and Iraq.

But with many Australians considering citizenship a fundamental right, the legislation introduced to Parliament on Wednesday is among the most controversial anti-terrorism measures yet. Civil rights groups have raised concerns about its scope and constitutionality, while Muslim leaders have accused the government of singling out their community.

Losing citizenship

If Parliament passes the legislation, Australia would join a small group of countries – including France, Britain, and New Zealand – that have similar laws. Yet most have rarely used the power to revoke citizenship.

“If enacted, our legislation will be as tough as exists in any equivalent Western nation in dealing with citizenship and terrorism,” says Peter Jennings, executive director of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute in Canberra.

The government estimates that just over half of the approximately 120 Australians who have traveled to Iraq and Syria to fight for IS are dual citizens.

Under the proposed laws, Australian citizenship would be automatically forfeited if a person was convicted of a terrorist act by an Australian court or found to be engaged in terrorist activity at home or abroad. The law would also apply to anyone providing or receiving training linked to terrorism, as well as recruiting or financing for jihadist groups. Any loss of citizenship would be open to judicial review.

Prime Minister Tony Abbott initially proposed granting the immigration minister the power to revoke a person’s citizenship without any chance of judicial review. He also wanted to extend the legislation to cover sole nationals. The plan led to a chorus of criticism from government officials and legal experts who warned that it would breach the constitution.

Constitutional lawyer Professor Greg Craven told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation that he welcomed an amendment to the legislation that prevents the immigration minister from exercising sole executive power.

“If your citizenship did lapse … and you presented yourself in Australia, you would be perfectly free to say, 'No, that's not the case, I didn't do it, I wasn't there, I wasn't a member of that body', and ultimately that would have to be determined by a court,” he said.

Mr. Abbott has said that the question of whether the law should be applied to sole nationals and operate retrospectively would be reviewed separately.

Rodger Shanahan, a research fellow at the Lowy Institute for International Policy in Sydney, says critics of the new legislation ignore the fact that existing laws that automatically strip citizenship from dual nationals who fight for a country at war with Australia have been on the books for almost 70 years.

“The principle of the new laws is much the same expect that they apply to non-state actors such as terrorist groups,” he says.

Muslims raise concerns

The debate has caused disquiet among Australia’s 600,000 Muslims. Ghaith Krayem, president of the Islamic Council of Victoria, said at a recent anti-racism forum in Melbourne that the legislation is clearly aimed at Muslims.

“They are going to apply to our community, our community alone,” he said.

The legislation was introduced to Parliament amid reports that two of the most notorious IS fighters from Australia, Mohamed Elomar and Khalid Sharrouf, were killed recently in an airstrike in Iraq. Mr. Sharrouf gained widespread attention last year after the publication of photographs showing him posing with his young sons holding the severed heads of executed Syrian soldiers.

Mr. Shanahan says it is unlikely that the prospect of forfeiting Australian citizenship would have deterred either man from joining IS.

“Many of the recruits joining Islamic State are young and not concerned about losing their citizenship,” he says. “If you’re a dual national and you’re considering going to join a terrorist group, that means you’ve probably got an identity issue as it is.”

Mr. Jennings agrees that those who have gone further down the path of radicalization “would not be motivated by the fear of losing citizenship.” But he says it’s important for the government to be seen as doing something to combat homegrown terrorism.

“Ever since the Bali bombings, Australians have had a sense that there is a direct connection between terrorist ideologies in Asia and [the] Middle East,” he says, referring to the 2002 terrorist attack on the Indonesian resort island that killed 202 people, nearly half of them Australians. “The government needs to be seen to be talking tough, so the emphasis is very much on the punitive aspects of the fight against terrorism.”

source: minipile

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Civil Rights Advocacy

**Overview:** In this lesson, we will learn about civil rights advocacy and its role in protecting the rights of individuals in society. We will explore the history of civil rights advocacy, the importance of advocating for civil rights, and the challenges faced by advocates. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to identify the key principles of civil rights advocacy and understand how to apply them in your daily life.

**Section 1: Introduction to Civil Rights Advocacy**

Civil rights advocacy refers to the act of supporting and defending the rights of individuals in society. This includes advocating for equal treatment and opportunities for all individuals, regardless of their race, gender, religion, or other personal characteristics. Civil rights advocacy is an important part of democracy, as it ensures that everyone's voice is heard and their rights are protected.

**Section 2: History of Civil Rights Advocacy**

The history of civil rights advocacy dates back to the 19th century, when African Americans began to organize and fight for their rights. The Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s was a major milestone in the history of civil rights advocacy, as it led to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. These laws helped to end segregation and ensure that all Americans had the right to vote.

Since then, there have been many other movements and advocacy efforts aimed at protecting the rights of individuals. For example, the LGBTQ+ rights movement has worked to ensure that gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and queer individuals are treated fairly and equally under the law.

**Section 3: Importance of Civil Rights Advocacy**

Civil rights advocacy is important because it helps to ensure that everyone's rights are respected and protected. When individuals and groups advocate for civil rights, they are standing up for what is right and just. They are fighting against discrimination, inequality, and oppression. By advocating for civil rights, we can create a more just and equitable society for everyone.

**Section 4: Challenges Faced by Civil Rights Advocates**

Despite the importance of civil rights advocacy, there are still many challenges faced by advocates. One major challenge is the resistance from those who do not support civil rights. These individuals may try to block progress or undermine the efforts of advocates. Additionally, some politicians and policymakers may not prioritize civil rights issues, making it difficult for advocates to make progress.

**Section 5: Key Principles of Civil Rights Advocacy**

There are several key principles that are central to civil rights advocacy. These include:

1. Equality: Every individual should be treated equally and fairly, regardless of their personal characteristics.
2. Justice: Advocates should work towards creating a just society where everyone is treated fairly and equally under the law.
3. Empathy: Advocates should strive to understand the experiences and perspectives of others, in order to better advocate for their rights.
4. Courage: It takes courage to stand up for what is right and just, even in the face of opposition or adversity.

**Section 6: Conclusion**

In conclusion, civil rights advocacy is an important part of creating a just and equitable society. By advocating for civil rights, we can ensure that everyone's rights are respected and protected. By understanding the key principles of civil rights advocacy, we can apply them in our daily lives and work towards creating a more just world for everyone.


text: Special shout out to Ford Defect for creative duties on bass line and verse turnaround, and to Alistair Mackie for help and advice with song structure, bridge chords and for laying down an excellent guitar riff.. Where did that lovely guitar bit come from due... loving tha…. You cheesey mofo ;). Liking the little rhythmic flair there. excellent.

source: refinedweb

textbook:
Lesson: Collaboration and Recognition in Music

Introduction:
In the music industry, collaboration and recognition are essential for creating successful songs. Collaboration involves working with other musicians, producers, and engineers to create a piece of music. Recognition is when your work is acknowledged and appreciated by others. In this lesson, we will explore the importance of collaboration and recognition in music and how they contribute to the success of a song.

Section 1: Collaboration
Collaboration is the process of working with others to create something. In the music industry, collaboration is essential because it allows musicians to combine their talents and skills to create a unique piece of music. Collaboration can take place between musicians, producers, and engineers.

Questions and Answers:
- Why is collaboration important in the music industry?
- Collaboration allows musicians to combine their talents and skills to create a unique piece of music.
- What are some examples of collaboration in the music industry?
- Two famous musicians collaborating on a song or a producer working with an artist to create a hit record.

Section 2: Recognition
Recognition is when your work is acknowledged and appreciated by others. In the music industry, recognition is essential because it helps musicians gain exposure and build a fan base. Recognition can come in many forms, such as awards, positive reviews, and radio play.

Questions and Answers:
- Why is recognition important in the music industry?
- Recognition helps musicians gain exposure and build a fan base.
- What are some examples of recognition in the music industry?
- Winning a Grammy award or having a song on the top 40 charts.

Section 3: Collaboration and Recognition in Action
Let's take a look at an example of collaboration and recognition in action. In 2016, Beyonce released her album "Lemonade." She collaborated with many artists, including Jack White, Kendrick Lamar, and The Weeknd. The album received widespread critical acclaim and was nominated for multiple Grammy awards. Beyonce's collaboration with these artists and the recognition she received for her work helped make "Lemonade" a commercial and critical success.

Conclusion:
Collaboration and recognition are essential in the music industry. By working together, musicians can create unique pieces of music that resonate with fans. Recognition helps musicians gain exposure and build a fan base. By applying these concepts to our own music, we can create successful songs that will be recognized and appreciated by others.

Glossary:
- Collaboration: The process of working with others to create something.
- Recognition: When your work is acknowledged and appreciated by others.
- Grammy Award: A prestigious award given to musicians for their outstanding work in the music industry.
- Top 40 Charts: A list of the most popular songs being played on the radio.


text: The cloud services provides agility and access to the essential data and apps that you need to be decisive and differentiated in a dynamic world. We deliver the right cloud services in a safe, smarter and simple way to suit your business needs.. Expand your visibility, increase your reach and grow your business, all in one simple step.. Contact us for a personalised solution for your specific needs or pick a readymade offers. The possibilities are endless.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Cloud Computing

**Section 1: What is Cloud Computing?**
Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services such as servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence over the internet (“the cloud”) to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale. It allows users to access and store data, run applications and services remotely, instead of on their own computers or devices.

**Section 2: Why Use Cloud Computing?**
There are several reasons why businesses and individuals use cloud computing. These include:

1. Agility: Cloud computing enables organizations to quickly respond to changes in demand by providing scalable and flexible resources.
2. Accessibility: With cloud computing, users can access their data and applications from anywhere with an internet connection, making it easier to work remotely.
3. Cost-effectiveness: Cloud computing eliminates the need for businesses to invest in expensive hardware and infrastructure, reducing capital expenditure and operational costs.
4. Security: Cloud service providers have robust security measures in place to protect data from cyber threats, such as hacking and data breaches.
5. Scalability: Cloud computing allows businesses to easily scale up or down their resources based on demand, without incurring additional costs.

**Section 3: Types of Cloud Services**
There are three main types of cloud services: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS).

1. IaaS: This type of cloud service provides virtualized computing resources over the internet. Examples include Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft Azure.
2. PaaS: This type of cloud service provides a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications without the complexity of building and maintaining the infrastructure usually associated with developing and launching an app. Examples include Google App Engine and Microsoft Azure.
3. SaaS: This type of cloud service provides access to software applications over the internet. Examples include Salesforce and Microsoft Office 365.

**Section 4: Conclusion**
In conclusion, cloud computing is a powerful tool that provides agility, accessibility, cost-effectiveness, security, and scalability. By understanding the different types of cloud services and their benefits, businesses and individuals can make informed decisions about which services to use and how to leverage the power of cloud computing to achieve their goals.

**Glossary**
- Agility: The ability to respond quickly and efficiently to changes in demand
- Capital expenditure: Money spent on physical assets or investments
- Operational costs: The day-to-day expenses of running a business
- Infrastructure: The basic physical and organizational structure needed for the operation of a society, enterprise or system
- Virtualization: The creation of a simulated environment in which an operating system, application, or storage device can run on top of another physical infrastructure, decoupling it from the underlying hardware.


text: Maybe you’ve seen it all over your feed, or maybe you haven’t. If you’re on TikTok though, you’ve probably seen several videos of people making whipped coffee by mixing just three ingredients with a whisk, hand mixer, or milk frother. The result? Fluffy and delicious-looking whipped coffee.. Continue reading below ↓. Some call it “Dalgona Coffee”, particularly in Korea, because it looks like a popular dessert. So how do you make whipped/Dalgona coffee?. - Mix equal parts powdered coffee, sugar, and water. - Mix everything together using a whisk, handheld mixer, or coffee frother until you achieve that ~*whipped consistency*~. - You can enjoy it as is or pour it over milk or ice!. Here are some videos demonstrating how to do it:. Continue reading below ↓. Continue reading below ↓. BRB, trying this right now!. Follow Retty on Instagram.. Continue reading below ↓. Recommended Videos

textbook:
Lesson: How to Make Whipped Coffee
## Introduction
Whipped coffee, also known as Dalgona coffee, is a trendy coffee drink that has gained popularity on social media platforms like TikTok. It is a simple recipe that requires only three ingredients: powdered coffee, sugar, and water. In this lesson, we will learn how to make whipped coffee step by step, including the equipment needed and the necessary measurements. We will also explore the history of this coffee and its variations.
## Step-by-Step Guide
1. Gather the necessary equipment: a whisk, hand mixer, or milk frother, a cup or jar, and a spoon.
2. Measure 1/4 cup (30g) of powdered coffee, 1/4 cup (50g) of sugar, and 1/4 cup (60ml) of water.
3. Pour the water into a cup or jar and add the sugar. Stir until the sugar dissolves.
4. Add the powdered coffee to the mixture and stir until everything is well combined.
5. Using a whisk, hand mixer, or milk frother, whip the mixture until it reaches a stiff peaks consistency, similar to whipped cream. This may take a few minutes.
6. Once the mixture is whipped, it is ready to serve. You can enjoy it as is or pour it over milk or ice.
## History and Variations
The origins of whipped coffee can be traced back to South Korea, where it is known as Dalgona coffee. The name comes from the Korean dessert, Dalgona, which is made with sugar, baking soda, and corn syrup. The coffee version was created by baristas in Seoul who wanted to replicate the creamy texture of the dessert using coffee-flavored milk.
Since then, whipped coffee has become popular worldwide, with many variations being created. Some people add different types of milk or dairy, such as almond or oat milk, while others add flavorings like cinnamon or vanilla extract. There are also versions that use cold brew coffee or espresso instead of powdered coffee.
## Conclusion
Making whipped coffee is a simple and fun process that can be done at home. With only three ingredients and basic equipment, you can create a delicious and Instagrammable coffee drink. Whether you prefer it as is or with added milk or ice, whipped coffee is sure to become a favorite in your household.


text: EU-INCO-MED. First Call for Proposals for Production Access to HPC Resources. Stream Newsletter 3 rd Issue - January 2012. New Practical Guide to EU Funding Opportunities for Research and Innovation. New publication: 'Survey and outcomes of cultural heritage research projects supported in the context of EU environmental research programmes'. Postdoc position in Environmental chemistry. Second SOWAEUMED Workshop: Innovative Technologies for Solid Waste and Water Treatment “Exchange of best practices and knowledge transfer between Europe and Mediterranean countries” - ITS2WAT-2012. 2nd meeting of the SPI-Water FP7 cluster. Water Node International Research & Operation in the EU: The Water Challenge. DARECLIMED 2nd workshop. EMIS Forum: Promotion of a Research Driven Cluster initiative on water.

textbook:
Lesson Title: Introduction to European Union (EU) Funding Opportunities for Research and Innovation

Overview:
This self-taught lesson introduces primary through high school students to the European Union (EU) funding opportunities for research and innovation. It covers the basics of EU funding programs, their objectives, and the benefits of participating in them. The lesson is divided into three sections, each with its own set of theoretical concepts, questions and answers, and practical examples.

Section 1: Introduction to EU Funding Opportunities
- What are EU funding opportunities?
- Why are they important for research and innovation?
- What are the objectives of EU funding programs?

Section 2: Types of EU Funding Programs
- What are the different types of EU funding programs?
- What are the specific objectives of each program?
- How can you participate in these programs?

Section 3: Benefits of Participating in EU Funding Programs
- What are the benefits of participating in EU funding programs?
- How can you maximize these benefits?
- What are the potential challenges and how can you overcome them?

Conclusion:
Participating in EU funding programs can provide significant benefits for research and innovation. By understanding the objectives of these programs and how to participate in them, individuals and organizations can leverage these opportunities to advance their work and contribute to the overall development of the EU.

Glossary:
- EU: European Union
- R&I: Research and Innovation
- Funding: Financial support provided by an organization or government to support a particular activity or project
- Programs: A planned series of activities or events with a specific aim or purpose
- Objectives: Specific goals or targets that a program aims to achieve
- Participate: To take part or become involved in a particular activity or program
- Benefits: Advantages or positive effects resulting from taking part in a program or activity

Glossary Term Definition
- EU: A political and economic union of 27 member states located primarily in Europe
- R&I: The process of developing new knowledge and technology
- Funding: Providing financial support to an individual, project, or organization
- Programs: A set of actions or steps taken to achieve a specific goal
- Objectives: Specific aims or targets that a program aims to accomplish
- Participate: To take part or become involved in a particular activity or program
- Benefits: Positive effects or advantages resulting from participating in a program or activity.


text: [core] run config_setup_connection() fewer times. config_setup_connection() is run when con struct is init'd and in connection_reset(), after each request is processed. It also must be called upon HANDLER_COMEBACK when the request needs to be re-parsed, but it need not be run twice in common scenario without HANDLER_COMEBACKpersonal/stbuehler/ci-build. parent 78a6440492. commit e01f995ce3. 2 changed files with 3 additions and 1 deletions. Reference in new issue

textbook:
Lesson: How to Optimize Code Execution

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn how to optimize code execution by reducing the number of times a function is called. We will use the example of the `config_setup_connection()` function in a Python web framework.

Section 1: Understanding the Problem
- The `config_setup_connection()` function is called every time a new request is processed in the web framework.
- This can lead to inefficiencies and slow down the execution of the code.

Section 2: Analyzing the Solution
- To optimize code execution, we can reduce the number of times the `config_setup_connection()` function is called.
- One way to do this is to call the function only once, when the web framework is initialized.

Section 3: Implementing the Solution
```python
from personal import stbuehler
from ci_build import connection_reset
# Call config_setup_connection() only once
config_setup_connection()
# Use connection_reset() to reset the connection after each request
def reset_connection():
    connection_reset()
    return stbuehler.personal.connection
```

Section 4: Testing the Solution
```python
# Test the optimized code
print(reset_connection().status)
```

Section 5: Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned how to optimize code execution by reducing the number of times a function is called. By calling the `config_setup_connection()` function only once and using `connection_reset()` to reset the connection after each request, we can improve the efficiency of the code and avoid slowdowns.

Glossary:
- Function: A block of code that performs a specific task.
- Framework: A set of tools or principles used to create something.
- Request: A message sent to a web server asking for a resource.
- Response: A message sent back from a web server in response to a request.

Key Terms:
- Function: A block of code that performs a specific task.
- Framework: A set of tools or principles used to create something.
- Request: A message sent to a web server asking for a resource.
- Response: A message sent back from a web server in response to a request.

Self-Debate Discussion:
- Why is it important to optimize code execution?
- What are some other ways to optimize code execution?
- When is it appropriate to call a function multiple times?


text:
Helicobacter pylori, a bacteria isolated in 1982 from the stomach of patients with gastritis lesions and peptic ulceration, is a genus which formerly was related to Camphylobacter. Helicobacter pylori bacteria is the most common known cause of peptic ulcers and accounts for the majority of cases. It has been found in the antrum of more than 95% of patients with duodenal ulcers and in at least 75% of those with gastric ulcers. It is now generally accepted that this bacteria is associated with chronic and peptic ulcer disease and even possible with gastric cancer gastritis (Gabriele Geisel et al, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, May, 1990, 930-2). It also does produce urease in large amounts, which increases the pH in the microenvironment of the bacteria. Helicobacter pylori appears as a curved or S shaped gram-negative bacteria, its cell wall being smooth adhering closely to the cytoplasmic membrane. To-day, it is well recognized that the grade of Helicobacter pylori colonisation is associated with chronic gastritis and peptic ulceration. It is the general conclusion that the presence of Helicobacter pylori colonisation is of great importance in both the development and chronicity of peptic gastric ulcer disease. According to Marshall B. J. et al (Med.J.Austr. 1985, 439-443), more than 80% of cases of chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer are associated with coexisting Helicobacter pylori infection and both have a relationship to the development of the ulcer disease. The routine treatment against Helicobacter pylori, is based on the use of bismuth subcitrate and antibiotics. However, this method does not eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection, and after a period of time the infection reoccurs.
Bismuth preparations were successfully used to combat various gastrointestinal disorders. The most commonly used are bismuth subsalicylate and colloidal bismuth subcitrate. Later on, combinations of bismuth salts with antibiotics, such as amoxycillin and metrodinazole, were also suggested. It was demonstrated that colloidal bismuth subcitrate improved dyspepsia by clearing the bacteria and not by any other effect of the drug on the gastrointestinal tract. To-day, it is considered that a triple therapy comprising:
(1) a bismuth compound; PA1 (2) a nitroimidazole antibiotic; and PA1 (3) tetracycline or amoxycillin,
is effective in eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection in most patients (George L. L. et al, Med.J.Australian, 1990, 153, 145-9). However, as the authors pointed out, long-term follow-up is required in order to determine whether a recurrence of histologic gastritis symptoms will not appear. In any case, the authors pointed out that some diarrhea effects were reported due to Clostridium difficile colitis. On the other hand,some complaints of constipations were also reported after treatments with bismuth subcitrate alone.
According to a very recent report (Rosberg K. et al. Scand.J.Gastroenterol 1991, 26 p. 1179-1187) tests which were carried out on pigs show that a good correlation exists between adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to the gastric epithelium and gastritis, in-vivo and in-vitro infected specimens, using the same bacterial strains. This is a very important finding considering the fact that the adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to pig gastric mucosal specimen is quite similar to the human condition. In another recent paper (Desai H. G. et al. Scand J.Gastroenterol 1991, 26, 1205-8) it is reported that there is a relationship between the two reservoirs of Helicobacter pylori, i.e. dental plaque and the stomach. Using the Camphylobacter-like organism test, Helicobacter pylori was detected in dental plaque and in gastric antral and body mucosa of a number of patients with dyspepsia. It was found that the density of Helicobacter pylori is heaviest in dental plaque and less in the body mucosa of the stomach. The treatment by the triple drug system (bismuth, nitroimidazole and amoxycillin) shows that the bacteria was eliminated from the gastric mucosa, in all the 24 patients treated, but persisted in dental plaque in all of them. The authors concluded that the dental plaque is a major reservoir of Helicobacter pylori, being greater in their number than in the stomach and may be responsible for the reoccurence of infection after cessation of therapy in the body mucosa of the stomach. However, there are many reports which mention that "patients treated with antibiotics had side effects". Indeed, two recent reports publishedbin The New Egland Journal of Medicine (Vol. 322, No. 13, p.909-915) concern the eradication of Helicobacter pylori bacteria and discuss the disadvantages of bismuth and antibiotics. The above brief review clearly illustrates the potential diseases imparted by the Helicobacter pylori and the various approaches suggested to combat this bacteria, which unfortunately have not been successful in meeting that need.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a chemical composition or pharmaceutical extract to inhibit the growth of Helicobacter pylori bacteria. It is another object of the present invention to provide a chemical compound or a pharmaceutical extract to inhibit the growth of Helicobacter pylori without utilizing any of the known drugs or antibiotics. It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a chemical compound or a pharmaceutical extract for inhibiting the growth of Helicobacter pylori bacteria, which does not impart any undesired effects.

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Helicobacter pylori

Introduction:
Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that lives in the stomach of some people. It was discovered in 1982 and is known to cause peptic ulcers and gastritis. In this lesson, we will learn about the characteristics of Helicobacter pylori, its relationship with peptic ulcers, and how it can be treated.

Section 1: Characteristics of Helicobacter pylori

**Theory:** Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative, curved bacterium that is commonly found in the stomachs of humans. It is known for its ability to cause inflammation in the stomach lining, leading to conditions such as gastritis and peptic ulcers.

**Practice:** What is the shape of Helicobacter pylori? How does it differ from other bacteria?

Section 2: Helicobacter pylori and Peptic Ulcers

**Theory:** Helicobacter pylori is the leading cause of peptic ulcers, which are open sores that can develop in the lining of the stomach or small intestine. The bacterium produces an enzyme called urease, which raises the pH level in the stomach and allows it to survive in the harsh environment.

**Practice:** Why do you think Helicobacter pylori is responsible for so many peptic ulcers? What is the role of urease in this process?

Section 3: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori

**Theory:** There are several treatment options for Helicobacter pylori, including antibiotics, acid-reducing medications, and proton pump inhibitors. These treatments work by killing the bacteria or reducing the amount of acid in the stomach, making it easier for the body to heal.

**Practice:** If someone has been diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori, what are some treatment options they can consider? Which option might be best for them?

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Helicobacter pylori is a common bacterium that can cause peptic ulcers and gastritis. By understanding its characteristics and relationship with peptic ulcers, we can better understand how to treat and prevent these conditions. Through this lesson, we have learned about the theory and practice of Helicobacter pylori and its treatments.

Glossary:
- Gram-negative: A type of bacterium that has a thin outer membrane and cannot be easily stained with the Gram stain method.
- Curved: Shaped like a curve or spiral.
- Peptic ulcer: An open sore that occurs in the lining of the stomach or small intestine, caused by the erosion of tissue by stomach acid and digestive juices.
- Urease: An enzyme that breaks down urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide.
- Proton pump inhibitor: A type of medication that reduces the amount of acid produced in the stomach.


text:
From around 420 to 350 million years ago, when land plants were still the relatively new kids on the evolutionary block and “the tallest trees stood just a few feet high,” giant spires of life poked from the Earth. “The ancient organism boasted trunks up to 24 feet (8 meters) high and as wide as three feet (one meter),” said National Geographic in 2007. With the help of a fossil dug up in Saudi Arabia scientists finally figured out what the giant creature was: a fungus. (We think.)

The towering fungus spires would have stood out against a landscape scarce of such giants, said New Scientist in 2007.

“A 6-metre fungus would be odd enough in the modern world, but at least we are used to trees quite a bit bigger,” says Boyce. “Plants at that time were a few feet tall, invertebrate animals were small, and there were no terrestrial vertebrates. This fossil would have been all the more striking in such a diminutive landscape.”

Fossils of the organisms, known as Prototaxites, had peppered the paleontological findings of the past century and a half, ever since they were first discovered by a Canadian in 1859. But despite the fossil records, no one could figure out what the heck these giant spires were. The University of Chicago:

For the next 130 years, debate raged. Some scientists called Prototaxites a lichen, others a fungus, and still others clung to the notion that it was some kind of tree. “The problem is that when you look up close at the anatomy, it’s evocative of a lot of different things, but it’s diagnostic of nothing,” says Boyce, an associate professor in geophysical sciences and the Committee on Evolutionary Biology. “And it’s so damn big that when whenever someone says it’ssomething, everyone else’s hackles get up: ‘How could you have a lichen 20 feet tall?’”

That all changed in 2007 when a study came out that concluded the spires were a fungus, like a gigantic early mushroom.

But not everyone was sold on the idea that Prototaxites was an early fungus. No one’s questioning the spires’ existence—people just have trouble trying to imagine that such a huge structure could be a fungus. Researchers trying to refute the fungus idea thought that Prototaxites spires were gigantic mats of liverworts that had somehow rolled up. But in a follow-up study, the scientists who had proposed the fungus idea doubled down on their claim. So science is messy, and despite more than a century of digging, we still don’t really know, for sure, what these huge spires that dominated the ancient Earth really were.

But even though the spire-like mushrooms of yore—or whatever they were—are long gone, don’t feel too bad for funguskind. The largest organism on Earth, says ABC, is still a huge fungal mat, a single organism spread over 2,200 acres of forest in eastern Oregon.

More from Smithsonian.com:

A Fungus-Like Disease Threatens Europe’s Supply of Gin

The Fungus in Your Cheese Is Having Weird Sex

Insulation Made Out of … Mushrooms?

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Fungi

**Objective:** To introduce students to the concept of fungi and their importance in the ecosystem.

**Glossary:**
- Fungi: a kingdom of eukaryotic, non-photosynthetic organisms that include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.
- Eukaryotic: an organism with cells containing a nucleus enclosed by a membrane.
- Photosynthesis: the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.

**Section 1: Introduction to Fungi**

Fungi are a group of living things that are found everywhere on earth. They are made up of cells that have a nucleus and are not able to do photosynthesis like plants. Fungi come in many shapes and sizes, from tiny yeast cells to large mushrooms. They play an important role in our ecosystem by breaking down dead plants and animals and recycling nutrients back into the soil.

**Section 2: The Importance of Fungi**

Fungi are important because they help decompose dead organic matter and release nutrients back into the environment. They also form symbiotic relationships with plants, helping them absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Some fungi even produce compounds that can kill bacteria and other microbes, making them useful in medicine and agriculture.

**Section 3: Types of Fungi**

There are several types of fungi, including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. Yeasts are single-celled fungi that are often used to make bread, beer, and wine. Molds are multi-cellular fungi that grow in colonies and can be found on food, clothes, and buildings. Mushrooms are the fruiting bodies of fungi and come in many shapes, colors, and sizes.

**Section 4: Conclusion**

Fungi are fascinating organisms that play an important role in our ecosystem. They break down dead organic matter and release nutrients back into the soil, form symbiotic relationships with plants, and even have medicinal uses. By understanding the importance of fungi, we can appreciate their role in our world and work to protect them.


text: This Animal Research lesson plan also includes:. Youngsters get a taste for research as they explore animal characteristics. Following a class study on animals, scholars choose one they would like to know more about. Use your school's library program to help introduce students to the research process and sources of information. This lesson suggests a kid-friendly online database such as World Book Kids. They create and present a poster with both text and pictures. This may require adjusting depending on reading skills.. 36 Views 44 Downloads. Concepts. Additional Tags. Resource Details. Start Your Free Trial. Save time and discover engaging curriculum for your classroom. Reviewed and rated by trusted, credentialed teachers.Try It Free

textbook:
Title: Introduction to Animal Research

Overview: In this lesson, students will learn about the research process and how to gather information on a specific animal. They will use an online database to find facts and create a poster to present their findings.

Objectives:
- Students will be able to identify the steps involved in the research process.
- Students will be able to use an online database to gather information on a specific animal.
- Students will be able to create a poster that includes both text and pictures to present their findings.

Materials:
- Access to an online database such as World Book Kids
- Printed or digital images of different animals
- Poster board and markers/crayons

Procedure:
1. Begin by introducing the concept of research and the steps involved in the process (e.g., identifying a topic, gathering information, analyzing and organizing data, presenting findings).
2. After a class discussion on animals, have students choose one they would like to learn more about.
3. Introduce the online database World Book Kids as a resource for gathering information. Demonstrate how to use the database by searching for a specific animal and showing how to navigate the site.
4. Have students work in pairs or small groups to gather information on their chosen animal using World Book Kids. Encourage them to take notes on the most interesting or important facts they find.
5. Once students have gathered information, have them create a poster that includes both text and pictures to present their findings. Encourage them to use a variety of colors and fonts to make their posters visually appealing.
6. Have each group present their poster to the class, explaining the information they found and why they chose that particular animal.

Glossary:
- Research: The process of gathering and analyzing information to answer a question or solve a problem.
- Database: An organized collection of data, often accessed electronically.
- Information: Facts or details that are learned or discovered.
- Analysis: The process of breaking down information into smaller parts to better understand it.
- Organization: The act of arranging information in a logical and orderly manner.
- Presentation: The act of sharing information with others in a clear and concise way.

Conclusion:
In this lesson, students learned about the research process and how to gather information on a specific animal using an online database. They also practiced creating a poster to present their findings. This skill is valuable not only for learning about animals but for any topic of inquiry. By mastering the research process, students can become lifelong learners who are equipped to find and evaluate information on their own.


text: SISTO Armaturen. SISTO Armaturen. Core business. Development, manufacturing and sales of diaphragm valves, non-return valves and actuators for valves.. Products & services. - Diaphragm valves for sterile applications;. - diaphragm valves and non-return valves for Industry and energy applications;. - diaphragm valves for building services;. - special valves for nuclear applications.. Major HealthTech projects. Supply of sterile diaphragm valves and accessories for SANOFI Frankfurt, ROCHE Penzberg, LONZA Visp and Kourim, BAXTER Singapore and FRESENIUS St.Wendel and others.. Technical / technological capabilities. Excerpt: Development of any kind of valves and accessories. Machining of complexe metal structures. Special stainless steel and alloys surface treatment including electropolishing. Hard and soft rubber lining. PTFE lining. ECTFE or PA-coating. Development, testing and production of diaphragms. High level quality assurance and documentation systems.. Print this page Send by email.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Valves

### Overview

In this lesson, we will learn about valves, their types, and their applications. We will also explore the core business of SISTO Armaturen, a company that specializes in the development, manufacturing, and sales of diaphragm valves, non-return valves, and actuators for valves.

### Section 1: What are Valves?

Valves are devices that regulate the flow of fluids, such as gases, liquids, and vapors, by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. They are used in various industries, including chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, food and beverage, and power generation.

### Section 2: Types of Valves

There are several types of valves, including:

1. Ball valves
2. Butterfly valves
3. Diaphragm valves
4. Gate valves
5. Globe valves
6. Plug valves
7. Pinch valves
8. Safety valves
9. Solenoid valves
10. Stop valves

### Section 3: Applications of Valves

Valves are used in various applications, such as:

1. Controlling the flow of fluids in pipelines
2. Regulating pressure in systems
3. Isolating sections of piping
4. Protecting equipment from overpressure
5. Controlling the direction of fluid flow
6. Measuring fluid flow
7. Mixing fluids
8. Separating fluids
9. Diverting fluids

### Section 4: Core Business of SISTO Armaturen

SISTO Armaturen is a company that specializes in the development, manufacturing, and sales of diaphragm valves, non-return valves, and actuators for valves. Their core business includes:

1. Diaphragm valves for sterile applications
2. Diaphragm valves and non-return valves for Industry and energy applications
3. Diaphragm valves for building services
4. Special valves for nuclear applications

### Section 5: Major HealthTech Projects

SISTO Armaturen has completed several major HealthTech projects, including:

1. Supply of sterile diaphragm valves and accessories for SANOFI Frankfurt, ROCHE Penzberg, LONZA Visp, and Kourim, BAXTER Singapore, and FRESENIUS St. Wendel and others.

### Section 6: Technical/Technological Capabilities

SISTO Armaturen has several technical and technological capabilities, including:

1. Development of any kind of valves and accessories
2. Machining of complex metal structures
3. Special stainless steel and alloys surface treatment, including electropolishing
4. Hard and soft rubber lining
5. PTFE lining
6. Development, testing, and production of diaphragms
7. High-level quality assurance and documentation systems

### Section 7: Conclusion

In conclusion, valves are essential components in various industries, and SISTO Armaturen is a company that specializes in the development, manufacturing, and sales of diaphragm valves, non-return valves, and actuators for valves. Their core business includes the development of any kind of valves and accessories, machining of complex metal structures, and special surface treatments. By understanding the applications and capabilities of SISTO Armaturen, we can apply our knowledge to new problems and challenges in the field of valve technology.


text: Tom Cwynar is both a writer and an editor for the Conservationist. He hails from Michigan, but has lived in Missouri long enough to have enjoyed fishing most of our major reservoirs from what he calls, “The Little Yellow Boat That Could.” His primary tools for enjoying the outdoors are a fishing rod, tent and canoe... John Miller resides in St. Louis where he is a public relations consultant and lifelong purple martin hobbyist. He is working with the St. Louis Department of Parks to attract martins to Forest Park. A member of the Purple Martin Conservation Association, Miller practices hands-on techniques to help colonies thrive.. Policy | Terms of. Use. About MDC | Jobs

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Fishing and Purple Martin Conservation

### Section 1: Introduction to Fishing

**Theoretical Concepts:** Fishing is an activity that involves catching fish using various techniques and equipment. It requires knowledge of fish behavior, water conditions, and the use of lures or bait to attract fish.

**Practical Examples:** To start fishing, you will need a fishing rod, reel, line, hook, and bait or lure. You can also use different types of baits such as worms, crickets, or artificial lures like spinners or crankbaits. Once you have your equipment, find a body of water where fish are known to live, such as a lake, river, or pond. Cast your line into the water and wait for a fish to bite. When a fish bites, reel it in carefully and release it back into the water.

**Real-World Scenarios:** Fishing can be done in many different environments, from freshwater lakes and rivers to saltwater oceans and bays. It can also be done in different seasons, depending on the type of fish you want to catch. For example, bass fishing is popular in the summer months when the water is warm, while ice fishing is popular in the winter when the water is frozen.

**Definitions of Purpose:** Fishing is a popular pastime for people of all ages and skill levels. It can be a way to spend time outdoors, enjoy nature, and catch delicious fish to eat. Fishing can also be a competitive sport, with anglers competing in tournaments to see who can catch the most fish or the biggest one.

**Questions and Answers:** What is fishing? - Fishing is an activity that involves catching fish using various techniques and equipment.

What equipment do I need to start fishing? - You will need a fishing rod, reel, line, hook, and bait or lure.

Where can I go fishing? - You can fish in many different environments, including lakes, rivers, ponds, oceans, and bays.

When is the best time to go fishing? - The best time to go fishing depends on the type of fish you want to catch and the environment you are fishing in.

Why do people fish? - People fish for many reasons, including to spend time outdoors, enjoy nature, and catch delicious fish to eat.

### Section 2: Introduction to Purple Martin Conservation

**Theoretical Concepts:** Purple martins are a species of bird that are native to North America. They are known for their distinctive coloration and their ability to catch insects in flight.

**Practical Examples:** One way to help purple martins is by providing them with housing. This can be done by installing purple martin houses in areas where the birds are known to nest. These houses provide a safe and comfortable place for the birds to raise their young.

**Real-World Scenarios:** Another way to help purple martins is by providing them with food. This can be done by putting out bird feeders filled with grape jelly or mealworms. By doing this, you can help the birds get the energy they need to fly and catch insects.

**Definitions of Purpose:** Purple martin conservation is important because these birds are an important part of the ecosystem. They help control insect populations and provide food for other animals.

**Questions and Answers:** What are purple martins? - Purple martins are a species of bird that are native to North America.

Why is purple martin conservation important? - Purple martin conservation is important because these birds are an important part of the ecosystem. They help control insect populations and provide food for other animals.

How can I help purple martins? - You can help purple martins by providing them with housing and food.

### Section 3: Conclusion

In this lesson, we learned about two different activities: fishing and purple martin conservation. Both of these activities involve spending time outdoors and enjoying nature. By learning more about these activities, we can appreciate the importance of conservation and the role that humans play in protecting the environment. Whether you are interested in fishing or purple martin conservation, there are many ways to get involved and make a difference.


text: Bridgerton holds the top spot on Nielsen’s Top Ten for the week of March 28 – April 3. Further down the list of top original shows on streaming, Marvel’s “Moon Knight” makes it debut, with the first two episodes of the series bringing in 418 million minutes watched. On the acquired titles list, Netflix continues […]. The post ‘Moon Knight,’ ‘Bridgerton,’ ‘Turning Red’ & More Make the Nielsen Weekly Top Ten appeared first on Cord Cutters News.. Source: Cord Cutters News

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Nielsen Ratings

**Objective:** To understand the concept of Nielsen ratings and its significance in measuring television viewership.

**Introduction:** Nielsen ratings are a measure of television viewership that has been used for decades to determine the popularity of shows. The data collected by Nielsen is used by networks, advertisers, and producers to make decisions about what programs to air and how much to charge for advertising.

**Main Topic:** How Nielsen Ratings Work

**Theoretical Concept:** Nielsen ratings are based on a sample of households that have agreed to have their television viewing habits monitored. The data collected includes information about what channels people are watching and for how long. This information is then extrapolated to represent the viewing habits of the entire population.

**Practical Example:** Let's say that out of 100 households, 50 have agreed to participate in the Nielsen survey. If half of those households watch a particular show, then Nielsen can estimate that the show is being watched by 25% of all households with televisions.

**Definitions:**
- **Sample:** A small group of people or households that represent the larger population.
- **Extrapolate:** To draw conclusions or make generalizations based on data from a sample.
- **Estimate:** To calculate or determine the value, amount, or degree of something using available information or data.

**Subtopic:** Uses of Nielsen Ratings

**Theoretical Concept:** Nielsen ratings are used by networks, advertisers, and producers to make decisions about what programs to air and how much to charge for advertising.

**Practical Example:** A network may use Nielsen ratings to determine which shows are popular and should be renewed for another season. Advertisers may use the ratings to decide which shows are worth advertising on. Producers may use the ratings to negotiate higher salaries for themselves and their cast members.

**Definitions:**
- **Renew:** To continue a program for another season.
- **Advertising:** The act of promoting or selling a product or service.
- **Negotiate:** To discuss and reach an agreement with another party.

**Conclusion:** Understanding Nielsen ratings is important because they provide valuable information about television viewership that can be used by networks, advertisers, and producers to make informed decisions. By learning about how Nielsen ratings work and their significance in the industry, you can gain a deeper appreciation for the complexity of the television industry.

**Glossary:**
- Sample: A small group of people or households that represent the larger population.
- Extrapolate: To draw conclusions or make generalizations based on data from a sample.
- Estimate: To calculate or determine the value, amount, or degree of something using available information or data.
- Renew: To continue a program for another season.
- Advertising: The act of promoting or selling a product or service.
- Negotiate: To discuss and reach an agreement with another party.


text: . (This!. A Wombat Story to the Tune of Waltzing Matilda. What cool lyrics! From my research, it's one of those old songs that keeps evolving and no one really knows what it's about. I mean who writes like this anymore!. Okay, enough of that. On to grammar!. So here was the first version of my grammar quiz: [Feel free to skip all the way to "The Rule" if it's just grammar you want…]. Ariana Parolini-SIsti noticed that some other people had gathered in line but were too afraid to dive in. She was the first brave soul to step out. She submitted this:. Then Sharon Cobb came along and gave it a whirl::. Deb Turton:.

textbook:
## Lesson: Grammar Quiz
### Section 1: Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn about grammar and its importance in communication. We will explore the rules of grammar and practice them through a quiz.
### Section 2: What is Grammar?
Grammar is the set of rules that govern the structure and meaning of words in a language. It includes the correct use of punctuation, sentence structure, and word choice. Good grammar is essential for clear and effective communication.
### Section 3: Types of Grammar Errors
There are several types of grammar errors that can occur in writing and speaking. These include:
1. Subject-verb agreement errors: This occurs when the subject and verb in a sentence do not agree in number. For example, "The group of students" should be "The group of students."
2. Pronoun agreement errors: This occurs when the pronoun does not agree with the noun it refers to in number or gender. For example, "Each student should bring their own pencil" should be "Each student should bring his or her own pencil."
3. Run-on sentences: This occurs when two or more independent clauses are improperly joined without a conjunction. For example, "I wanted to go to the store but I didn't have time."
4. Fragment sentences: This occurs when a sentence is incomplete and does not express a complete thought. For example, "To the store."
### Section 4: Practice Quiz
Now that we have learned about grammar, let's test our knowledge with a quiz. Answer the following questions:
1. Which sentence is correct: "The group of students" or "The group of students"?
2. Which sentence is correct: "Each student should bring their own pencil" or "Each student should bring his or her own pencil"?
3. Which sentence is a run-on sentence: "I wanted to go to the store but I didn't have time" or "I wanted to go to the store but I didn't have time"?
4. Which sentence is a fragment sentence: "To the store" or "To the store"?
### Section 5: The Rule
The rule of grammar is simple: use good grammar to communicate clearly and effectively. Make sure your sentences are clear, concise, and grammatically correct.
### Glossary
- Grammar: the set of rules that govern the structure and meaning of words in a language
- Punctuation: the marks used to clarify the meaning of sentences
- Sentence structure: the arrangement of words in a sentence
- Word choice: the selection of appropriate words to convey meaning
### Conclusion
In conclusion, grammar is an essential tool for clear and effective communication. By practicing good grammar, we can improve our writing and speaking skills. Remember to always use good grammar to communicate your ideas clearly and effectively.


text: Ray-Jans Construction. Ray-Jans Construction is owned by Ray Brunet and Gary Jans. Together with a dedicated crew of tradesmen, Gary and Ray offer over 50 years experience in residential, commercial and agricultural building projects.. Ray-Jans is known for its attention to detail and superior craftsmanship. The company has built some of the finest homes in Cornwall and Ottawa,.. Ray-Jans also has considerable commercial experience. They have worked on both the Downtown Cornwall and Le Village redevelopment projects, as well as commercial projects for McDonald’s and Home Hardware.. Ray-Jans is fully insured and its employees maintain current saftety and training qualifications. The company is a member of the Cornwall and Area Chamber of Commerce and Team Cornwall.. « Return to Members Directory

textbook:
Lesson Title: Starting a Construction Company

Introduction:
In this lesson, we will learn about the process of starting a construction company. We will cover the steps involved in setting up a construction business, including choosing a business name, registering the company, obtaining necessary licenses and permits, and developing a business plan. We will also discuss the importance of marketing and networking in the construction industry.

Section 1: Choosing a Business Name and Registering the Company

The first step in starting a construction company is choosing a business name that reflects your brand and mission. The name should be catchy and memorable while also conveying a sense of professionalism. Once you have chosen a name, you will need to register your business with the appropriate government agency. This process may vary depending on your location, but generally involves filling out paperwork and paying a registration fee.

Question: Why is choosing a business name and registering the company important?
Answer: A business name and registration are important because they help establish your company's identity and legitimacy. They also provide legal protection for your business and make it easier to obtain necessary licenses and permits.

Section 2: Obtaining Necessary Licenses and Permits

Depending on your location and the type of construction work you will be doing, you may need to obtain various licenses and permits. These may include a general contractor license, building permits, and zoning permits. Research the requirements in your area and make sure you obtain all necessary documentation before starting your business.

Question: What are some examples of licenses and permits that may be required for a construction company?
Answer: Some examples of licenses and permits that may be required for a construction company include a general contractor license, building permits, and zoning permits.

Section 3: Developing a Business Plan

A business plan is a document that outlines your company's goals, strategies, and financial projections. It is an essential tool for any business, as it helps you to stay focused and organized as you grow your company. Your business plan should include information such as your target market, competition, marketing strategy, and financial projections.

Question: Why is it important to develop a business plan for a construction company?
Answer: A business plan is important because it provides a roadmap for your company's growth and success. It helps you to stay focused and organized as you navigate the challenges of starting and growing a business.

Section 4: Marketing and Networking

Marketing and networking are crucial for any business, but especially for a construction company. You can market your company through various channels, such as social media, online advertising, and word-of-mouth referrals. Networking with other professionals in the construction industry can also lead to valuable connections and partnerships.

Question: Why is marketing and networking important for a construction company?
Answer: Marketing and networking are important because they help to increase your company's visibility and credibility. They also provide opportunities for partnerships and referrals, which can lead to new business and growth.

Conclusion:
Starting a construction company can be a rewarding experience, but it requires careful planning and preparation. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can set yourself up for success in the construction industry. Remember to choose a memorable business name, obtain necessary licenses and permits, develop a solid business plan, and market and network your company effectively. With dedication and hard work, you can achieve your dream of owning a successful construction company.

Glossary:
- Business name: A name chosen by the owner(s) of a business to identify and distinguish it from other businesses.
- Registration: The process of officially recording and filing a business name with the appropriate government agency.
- License: A legal permission to perform a certain activity or service.
- Permit: A formal authorization to carry out a specific task or action.
- Business plan: A document that outlines a company's goals, strategies, and financial projections.
- Target market: The specific group of consumers that a business aims to sell its products or services to.
- Competition: Other businesses that offer similar products or services to the target market.
- Marketing: The process of promoting a business and its products or services to potential customers.
- Networking: The act of building relationships and connections with other professionals in your industry.


text: "]. Arguments & Negotiations by Pixie Youngdahl. Fri, Sep 13th, 2013. Posted in Lanesboro Arts & Culture. Posted in Lanesboro Arts & Culture. LANESBORO, Minn. - Shipwreckt Books Publishing Company is pleased to announce the release of Pixie Youngdahl’s new book, “Arguments & Negotiations.” A bittersweet memoir of surviving a battle with cancer, Pixie tells her story with subtle humor and gracious insight. Launch party and book signing will be held Sunday September 22, 2013 from 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. at the Lost Lake Folk Art Storytelling Center, 115(B) Parkway Avenue, Lanesboro. Earlier this summer, Shipwreckt Books released a new collection of essays by Nancy Overcott, “Living in a Dream: Bluff Country Offerings,” illustrated by Nancy’s longtime collaborator, Dana Gardner, as well as a poetry collection, Home is a Place Worth Burying, by Nashville writer Haley Thompson. Books are available at the Lost Lake Center (507-458-8190) and online at.

textbook:
Core Value: Effective Communication

Self-Taught Lesson: How to Write a Press Release

Introduction:
In today's digital age, effective communication is essential for promoting products or services, sharing news, and building relationships. One way to communicate effectively is by writing a press release. A press release is a written statement that is distributed to the media to promote something newsworthy. In this lesson, we will learn how to write a press release step-by-step.

Section 1: Understanding the Purpose of a Press Release

The purpose of a press release is to share information with the public. It can be used to announce a new product or service, share news about an event, or provide information about a company or organization. A well-written press release can help increase visibility, attract customers, and build credibility.

Section 2: Planning Your Press Release

Before you start writing your press release, you need to plan what you want to say. Here are some questions to consider:

- What is the main message you want to convey?
- Who is your target audience?
- What information do you want to include?
- When is the best time to release your press release?

Once you have answered these questions, you can begin drafting your press release.

Section 3: Writing Your Press Release

Here are the key elements to include in your press release:

1. Headline: This is the most important part of your press release. It should be attention-grabbing and accurately reflect the content of your release.

2. Dateline: This is the date and location of the release. It should include the city and state, as well as the date.

3. Lead paragraph: This is the first paragraph of your release. It should summarize the main message of your release and answer the who, what, when, where, and why questions.

4. Body: This is the main section of your release. It should provide more details about the story and include quotes, statistics, and other supporting information.

5. Boilerplate: This is a brief description of your company or organization. It should include your mission statement, key products or services, and any other relevant information.

6. Contact information: This should include the name, phone number, email address, and website of the person or organization to contact for more information.

Section 4: Editing and Distributing Your Press Release

Once you have written your press release, you should edit it carefully. Check for spelling and grammar errors, and make sure the information is accurate and up-to-date.

Next, you need to distribute your press release. There are several ways to do this, including sending it directly to journalists or using a press release distribution service.

Section 5: Conclusion

Writing a press release is a valuable skill that can help you communicate effectively with the public. By following the steps outlined in this lesson, you can create a clear, concise, and compelling press release that will help you achieve your communication goals.


text: DIGN. How- ever, it is our duty to search for the best answer to the problem. DIGNITAS always looks for opportunities to help people towards life instead of death.. Suicide attempt prevention in Asia:. In suicide (attempt) prevention, sometimes all it takes to save a life is a minute of your time. >> read more (Link). An approach that combines research, knowledge sharing, and training for teachers, would help prevent suicide (attempts) among Hong Kong’s youth, amid academic and social pressure. By Paul Yip. >> read more (Link). How to talk to and comfort suicide survivors, and better understand their anger and grief. By Anthea Rowan, in the “South China Morning Post” (Link). Suicide- and Suicide Attempt Prevention in Greece: the NGO KLIMAKA runs a Suicide Prevention Centre in Athens, Greece and. )

textbook:
Lesson: Suicide Prevention

Introduction:
Suicide is a serious public health issue that affects people of all ages and backgrounds. It is essential to know how to identify warning signs and how to provide support to those who may be at risk. In this lesson, we will learn about the importance of suicide prevention, common warning signs, and ways to provide support to those who may be at risk.

Section 1: Understanding Suicide Prevention

Topic 1: Importance of Suicide Prevention

Question: Why is suicide prevention essential?
Answer: Suicide prevention is essential because it can save lives. Every year, many people think about suicide, and some attempt it. By understanding the warning signs and providing support, we can help prevent these tragedies.

Topic 2: Common Warning Signs

Question: What are common warning signs of suicide?
Answer: Common warning signs of suicide include changes in mood or behavior, feeling hopeless or helpless, talking about wanting to die, seeking out means to end one's life, withdrawing from social interactions, and experiencing intense emotional pain or stress.

Section 2: Providing Support

Topic 3: Ways to Provide Support

Question: How can I provide support to someone who may be at risk of suicide?
Answer: There are several ways to provide support to someone who may be at risk of suicide. You can start by listening to them without judgment, expressing concern and offering a non-judgmental, empathetic ear. Encourage them to seek professional help, and offer to assist them in finding resources. Additionally, you can help them develop a safety plan, which includes identifying triggers and coping strategies.

Section 3: Real-World Examples

Topic 4: Real-World Examples

Question: How can I recognize warning signs in my daily life?
Answer: You can recognize warning signs in your daily life by paying attention to changes in behavior or mood. For example, if a friend or family member suddenly becomes withdrawn or starts talking about feeling hopeless, this may be a sign that they are struggling. If you notice these warning signs, it's essential to reach out and offer support.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, suicide prevention is a critical issue that requires our attention. By learning about the warning signs and providing support, we can help prevent tragedies. Remember to approach this topic with empathy and compassion, and always seek professional help when necessary.

Glossary:
- Suicide: the act of intentionally causing one's death
- Suicide Attempt: a non-fatal effort to end one's life, self-injury or poisoning, but from which the individual survives
- Warning Signs: indicators of potential danger or risk
- Professional Help: assistance from trained professionals such as therapists or counselors


text: Which usually means “brain too fried for extended train of thought.”. Dr. Seuss. Now there’s a man who found something that worked and rode that train as far as it would take him. I mean, some of us might be dissuaded from writing poetry if all we could do to rhyme was make stuff up. Not the Doctor.. ***. One thing that can ruin a good compliment: the word actually.. ***. Blast from the past: I listened to Pearl Jam’s Ten yesterday on a run. Those guys rock, in the truest sense of the word. And just think, at the time there were several bigtime bands that rocked like that. Not like these kids today with their emo and their hair gel…. You know where Pearl Jam got the name “Ten” from, don’t you?. It was Mookie Blaylock’s jersey number and they were huge Mookie Fans. Little Hawks trivia to add to your nostalgia trivia.. :)

textbook:
Lesson: How to Read and Understand Poetry
Introduction:
Poetry is a form of literature that uses language and structure to create meaning and evoke emotions. It has been around for centuries and is enjoyed by people of all ages. However, reading and understanding poetry can be challenging for many people. In this lesson, we will learn how to read and understand poetry by examining its elements, analyzing its language, and exploring its themes.
Section 1: Elements of Poetry
Poetry is made up of several elements that work together to create meaning. These elements include:
- Form: The structure of the poem, such as the length, line breaks, and stanza breaks.
- Meter: The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry.
- Rhyme: The repetition of sounds at the end of words.
- Imagery: The use of descriptive language to create mental pictures.
- Theme: The underlying message or meaning of the poem.
By understanding these elements, we can begin to read poetry more effectively.
Section 2: Analyzing Language
Language is the most important element of poetry. Poets use language to convey meaning, evoke emotions, and create images. To analyze language in poetry, we can ask questions such as:
- What words are used? Are they common or unusual?
- How are the words arranged on the page?
- What is the tone of the language? Is it formal or informal?
- What is the mood of the language? Is it happy or sad?
- What is the purpose of the language? Does it convey a message or evoke an emotion?
By analyzing the language of poetry, we can begin to understand its meaning and themes.
Section 3: Exploring Themes
Poetry often deals with universal themes such as love, loss, and beauty. To explore themes in poetry, we can ask questions such as:
- What is the main message of the poem?
- What is the underlying theme?
- How does the poem relate to my own experiences?
- What is the poet trying to say about life or the human condition?
By exploring the themes of poetry, we can begin to see how it relates to our own lives and experiences.
Conclusion:
Reading and understanding poetry can be a rewarding experience. By examining its elements, analyzing its language, and exploring its themes, we can begin to appreciate the beauty and power of poetry. As we continue to read and study poetry, we will gain a deeper understanding of its meaning and significance.


text: This summer, sandals have one thing in common: platform floors. While platform shoes could instantly conjure up a 70s high heel destined for an elaborate party, the ones we're about to see are a whole new take on throwback shoes. This time around, designers are using everything from flip flops to sporty utility sandals as a starting point, but updating them with thick, cushioned soles. Returning to comfort, it's no surprise that shoe style has improved as they are both practical and chic in equal parts.. While the shoes are not universally popular, the controversial platforms have established themselves as one of the biggest trends of the season. Combined with everything from long, flowing dresses to Bermudas to colorful, printed socks and jeans, the versatile sandals are the piece that you will find in every fashion person's wardrobe. Here you will find suggestions on how to carry the trend.

textbook:
Lesson: Platform Shoes Trend
Level: Primary School
## I. Introduction
Platform shoes have become a popular trend this summer. They are comfortable, stylish, and can be worn with a variety of outfits. In this lesson, we will learn about the history of platform shoes, their benefits, and how to wear them.
## II. The History of Platform Shoes
Platform shoes have been around for decades. They first became popular in the 1970s when celebrities like Bianca Jagger and Farrah Fawcett wore them. At that time, platform shoes were known for their high heels and were often associated with disco dancing. However, over time, platform shoes evolved into more casual styles that were comfortable and practical.
## III. Benefits of Platform Shoes
There are several benefits to wearing platform shoes. First, they are comfortable because they have thick, cushioned soles that provide support and shock absorption. Second, platform shoes can add height without sacrificing comfort. Third, they can be worn with a variety of outfits, making them versatile and fashionable.
## IV. How to Wear Platform Shoes
To wear platform shoes, consider the following tips:
- Choose a pair that is comfortable and supports your feet well.
- Match your platform shoes with the rest of your outfit. For example, if you are wearing a flowy dress, choose a pair of platform shoes that have a similar flowy vibe.
- Don't be afraid to mix and match different styles. You can wear platform shoes with shorts, jeans, or a dress.
- Experiment with different colors and patterns to find what looks best on you.
## V. Glossary
- Platform: A raised area or base, typically one on which something else stands or rests.
- Cushioned: Providing a soft, comfortable surface.
- Versatile: Capable of being adapted to many different uses or purposes.
## VI. Conclusion
In conclusion, platform shoes are a popular trend this summer. They are comfortable, stylish, and can be worn with a variety of outfits. By following the tips in this lesson, you can wear platform shoes confidently and fashionably.


text: Social Media Marketing. Digital strategies to connect you to the ever-expanding social networks in Thailand.. Social Media Marketing. Designed to work hand in hand with social media management efforts, social media marketing is the cornerstone of your social media marketing strategy, helping you to gain qualified, converting traffic to your website.. We Give You:. Keyword Targeting.. Influencer & KOL Marketing. We monitor the conversations on your social platforms and respond to any comments and customer service interactions in a timely and professional manner.. Analytics & Reporting. We monitor the conversations on your social platforms and respond to any comments and customer service interactions in a timely and professional manner.. Work With Us. Find out how we can help you to increase your online presence.. Contact us to arrange a meeting to discuss your business requirements further.

textbook:
Lesson: Introduction to Social Media Marketing

**Section 1: What is Social Media Marketing?**

Social media marketing refers to the process of promoting products, services, or brands on social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and LinkedIn. It involves creating and sharing valuable content to attract and engage with customers, building relationships, and ultimately driving sales.

**Section 2: Why is Social Media Marketing Important?**

Social media marketing is essential because it helps businesses to reach a wider audience, increase brand awareness, and improve customer engagement. It also allows businesses to target specific audiences based on demographics, interests, and behaviors, making it easier to connect with potential customers.

**Section 3: How does Social Media Marketing work?**

Social media marketing works by creating and sharing valuable content that resonates with customers. This content can take many forms, including blog posts, videos, images, infographics, and more. Businesses can also use paid advertising to reach a larger audience and target specific demographics.

**Section 4: Key Terms**

- **Keyword Targeting:** This refers to the practice of selecting specific keywords that are relevant to your business and incorporating them into your social media content.
- **Influencer & KOL Marketing:** This refers to partnering with influencers or key opinion leaders in your industry to promote your products or services.
- **Analytics & Reporting:** This refers to tracking and analyzing the performance of your social media marketing efforts to identify areas for improvement.

**Section 5: Practical Examples**

- **Keyword Targeting:** Let's say you own a coffee shop in New York City. You could target keywords such as "coffee near me" or "best coffee in NYC" to attract customers searching for local coffee shops.
- **Influencer & KOL Marketing:** If you are launching a new line of fashion clothing, you could partner with fashion influencers to showcase your products on their social media platforms.
- **Analytics & Reporting:** By tracking the number of clicks, likes, and shares on your social media posts, you can identify which types of content resonate with your audience and adjust your strategy accordingly.

**Conclusion**

Social media marketing is an essential tool for businesses looking to increase their online presence and engage with customers. By understanding the basics of social media marketing, businesses can create and share valuable content that resonates with their audience and drives sales.


text: Enhanced Medicaid funding is essential during an economic downturn. COVID-19 has greatly impacted state budgets, meaning big cuts to Medicare programs may be necessary. We asked Congress to enhance Medicaid funding so those who rely on it to manage kidney disease and other conditions can continue to have access to care. READ MORE >>TOPICS: Coronavirus, Covid-19, Policy, Medicare

textbook:
Lesson: Understanding Medicaid and its importance during an economic downturn

**Introduction**

Medicaid is a government program that provides healthcare coverage to low-income individuals and families. It is jointly funded by the federal and state governments, and it plays a crucial role in ensuring that people have access to healthcare services. During an economic downturn, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, Medicaid becomes even more essential as many people lose their jobs and health insurance. In this lesson, we will learn about Medicaid, its importance during an economic downturn, and why enhanced funding is necessary.

**Section 1: What is Medicaid?**

Medicaid is a healthcare program for low-income individuals and families. It is funded by the federal government and the states, and it covers a wide range of healthcare services, including doctor visits, hospital stays, prescription drugs, and long-term care. Medicaid is also known as "Medi-Cal" in California and "MassHealth" in Massachusetts.

**Section 2: Why is Medicaid important during an economic downturn?**

During an economic downturn, many people lose their jobs and their health insurance. This means that they are no longer able to afford healthcare services, which can lead to a worsening of their health conditions and an increased burden on the healthcare system. Medicaid helps to fill this gap by providing healthcare coverage to low-income individuals and families. This ensures that they can continue to receive the healthcare services they need, which can help to prevent more serious health conditions and reduce overall healthcare costs.

**Section 3: Why do we need enhanced Medicaid funding during an economic downturn?**

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on state budgets. Many states are facing large budget deficits, which means that they may need to make big cuts to Medicaid programs. However, cutting Medicaid funding during an economic downturn would be counterproductive, as it would result in even more people losing their healthcare coverage and increasing the burden on the healthcare system. Therefore, we need to advocate for enhanced Medicaid funding during this time to ensure that those who rely on it to manage kidney disease and other conditions can continue to have access to care.

**Conclusion**

In conclusion, Medicaid is an essential healthcare program for low-income individuals and families. During an economic downturn, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, it becomes even more important as many people lose their jobs and health insurance. Enhanced Medicaid funding is necessary to ensure that those who rely on it can continue to have access to care. By understanding the importance of Medicaid and advocating for enhanced funding, we can help to ensure that everyone has access to the healthcare services they need.

**Glossary**

- Medicaid: A government program that provides healthcare coverage to low-income individuals and families.
- Federal government: The national government of the United States.
- State government: The government of a particular state within the United States.
- Healthcare coverage: Insurance that covers the cost of medical care.
- Healthcare services: Medical procedures, tests, and treatments that are provided to patients.
- Low-income: Having a low income, which means having little money left over after expenses have been paid.
- Economic downturn: A period of economic decline, typically characterized by a decrease in economic activity and an increase in unemployment.