The performance improvement is attributable
to joint optimization of system-level architecture,
circuits, and signaling schemes for the implementation.
Such as, high-SNR fNIRS system
with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) receivers,
a modulation scheme,
and a multi-input-multi-output- (MIMO-)
based data extraction algorithm.
The multi-channel receivers are implemented
in a single IC to decrease system size for portability.