More Vowels

Other than the conventional vowels (Zqapa, Zlama, etc.), there are two different vowels called "Qanuna Illaya" and "Qanuna Takhtaya" represented by a dot either on top or under two specific letters, and gives them the sound of "a" or "i", respectively. In other words, in some particular occasions (which will be explained in details in later chapters), Qanuna Illaya is used instead of Zqapa, and Qanuna Takhtaya is used instead of Zlama.

1. Qanuna Illaya, which literally means the 'top rule', is a big dot placed on top of the letters "He" and "Meem" and replaces "Zqapa":

2. Qanuna Takhtaya, which literally means the 'bottom or under rule', is a big dot placed under the letter 'Meem' and replaces the vowel "Zlama" giving it the sound of 'mi'. The only time that the Qanuna Takhtaya is used is in the word "min", note the lines on the right >>
Incidentally, the only time the "qanuna takhtaya" is used is with the word "min".

So, traditionally, the two "Qanuna Illaya" and the "Qanuna Takhtaya" are used instead of the vowel "Zqapa" and "Zlama" in some specific instances. We will discuss them in details in the upcoming lessons.