- published: 28 May 2020
- views: 469626
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Fuel
A fuel is any material that can be made to react so that it releases chemical or nuclear energy as heat or to be used for work. The concept was originally applied solely to those materials capable of releasing chemical energy but has since also been applied to other sources of heat energy such as nuclear energy (via nuclear fission or nuclear fusion).
The heat energy released by reactions of fuels is converted into mechanical energy via a heat engine. Other times the heat itself is valued for warmth, cooking, or industrial processes, as well as the illumination that comes with combustion. Fuels are also used in the cells of organisms in a process known as cellular respiration, where organic molecules are oxidized to release usable energy. Hydrocarbons and related oxygen-containing molecules are by far the most common source of fuel used by humans, but other substances, including radioactive metals, are also utilized.
Fuels are contrasted with other substances or devices storing potential energy, such as those that directly release electrical energy (such as batteries and capacitors) or mechanical energy (such as flywheels, springs, compressed air, or water in a reservoir).
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Fuel
Fuel (hardcore band)
Fuel was a short-lived Bay Area post-hardcore musical act that created both personal and political songs, something that was unique during the "first wave" of emo in the 1990s. Fuel had a sound akin to early-Hot Water Music and especially Fugazi with twin guitars and dueling rough post-hardcore vocals. In fact, it is noted that Fuel was often jokingly referred to as "Fuelgazi." Fuel's style has been compared to the D.C. sound of many Dischord bands.
Fuel featured Mike Kirsch (of early Pinhead Gunpowder and a number of other notable punk rock bands) on guitar/vocals, Jim Allison on guitar/vocals, Aaron Arroyo on bass, and Jeff Stofan (also of Monsula and the White Trash Debutantes at one time) on drums.
In 2008, Alternative Press named Fuel as a group of significant interest in its profile of "23 Bands who Shaped Punk." Jason Black of Hot Water Music and The Draft contributed a testimony for the article citing musical influence.
Discography
Fuel released one LP “Monuments to Excess” in 1990, first on Cargo Records then repressed by Ebullition Records. Monuments to Excess was produced by Kevin Army. Army audio engineered the albums of many influential punk bands, including Operation Ivy, Green Day, The Mr. T Experience, etc. In addition, Fuel put out an EP "Take Effect" on Lookout Records, also in 1990.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Fuel_(hardcore_band)
Fuel (EP)
Fuel is Fuel's self-titled EP.
Track listing
All songs by Carl Bell except where noted.
Personnel
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Fuel_(EP)
AlterNative
AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga, New Zealand’s Indigenous Centre of Research Excellence (University of Auckland). It covers indigenous studies and scholarly research from native indigenous perspectives from around the world. The journal was established in 2005 and the editors-in-chief are Tracey McIntosh and Michael Walker (University of Auckland).
External links
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/AlterNative
Alternative (Mauritania)
Alternative is a political party in Mauritania. The party won in the 19 November and 3 December 2006 elections 1 out of 95 seats.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Alternative_(Mauritania)
Alternative rock
Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative) is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word "alternative" refers to the genre's distinction from mainstream rock music. The term's original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their collective debt to either the musical style or simply the independent, D.I.Y. ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music. At times, "alternative" has been used as a catch-all description for music from underground rock artists that receives mainstream recognition, or for any music, whether rock or not, that is seen to be descended from punk rock (including some examples of punk itself, as well as new wave, and post-punk).
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Alternative_rock
Jet
Jet, Jets, or The Jets may refer to:
Aerospace
Fiction
Characters
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Jet
Podcasts:
developed with YouTube
-
Is There A Better Way To Power Airplanes?
This video was made in partnership with Bill Gates. To learn more about his work on clean energy, visit https://gatesnot.es/2WDTJ1L It’s hard to replace jet fuel because the alternatives aren’t energetic enough, are too dangerous, or aren’t yet being made at scale. Thanks also to our Patreon patrons https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth and our YouTube members. ___________________________________________ To learn more, start your googling with these keywords: Jet fuel - a liquid petroleum fuel with high specific energy and energy density, used in airplane jet engines, made of kerosene with a few additives Specific Energy - how much energy something contains per unit mass Energy Density - how much energy something contains per unit volume Synthetic jet fuel - a jet fuel replacement, typica...
published: 28 May 2020 -
Alternative Jet Fuels (Part 8: Sustainable Aviation)
Alternative Jet Fuels are chemically equivalent to conventional jet fuel, but are produced from non-fossil fuel sources. There are various ways of doing this, but they can be grouped into two categories: • Biofuel • Synthetic fuel Biofuels cause more harm than good, as they intensify competition for scarce global land and water resource. For context, the wheat required to meet today’s aviation needs in biofuel, equates to almost as much as humanity’s entire food calorie requirement (and remember the industry plans to quadruple existing air traffic by 2050!). Synthetic Fuel is scalable without requiring as much land, but is VERY energy intensive. It's therefore a massive waste of our limited low carbon energy resources and in any case, will be significantly more expensive than th...
published: 13 Jan 2021 -
How do we make sustainable aviation fuel?
There are many ways to produce SAF. And yes, you can help too by collecting your used cooking oil by example! Do you have some chemical memories? Watch this last video to understand the mechanism of production!
published: 24 Nov 2022 -
Alternative Jet Fuel Tests
NASA and 11 other research groups are testing two non-petroleum-based jet fuels in the pursuit of alternative fuels that can power commercial jets and address rising oil costs.
published: 15 May 2013 -
The best alternative to Jet Fuel may be... Jet Fuel! #shorts
The best alternative to jet fuel could be synthetic jet fuel, made from renewable sources. However, this is currently still too expensive compared to regular jet fuel. If you want to know more, have a look here: https://youtu.be/5z7v69--UDs
published: 22 Aug 2022 -
Can sustainable aviation fuel clean up flying? | FT Rethink
Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), which is made from feedstocks such as used cooking oil, can reduce emissions from flying by up to 80 per cent. With the aviation industry under pressure to hit net zero by 2050, airlines are eager to increase its use. The FT’s Myles McCormick looks at whether production of SAF can be scaled, and how long it will take. #aviation #sustainability #netzero See if you get the FT for free as a student (http://ft.com/schoolsarefree) or start a £1 trial: https://subs.ft.com/spa3_trial?segmentId=3d4ba81b-96bb-cef0-9ece-29efd6ef2132. ► To learn more, visit our website - https://channels.ft.com/en/rethink/ ► Watch more videos from this series here - https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrhpR40o4n5xqQ3aPNmWnJJbp-rX52yNk ► Check out our Community tab for more stories...
published: 22 Mar 2023 -
The differences between car fuel and jet fuel #shorts
The differences between car fuel and jet fuel #shorts Subscribe for more amazing videos! ► https://bit.ly/36ik9gE Edited by: Luca Hideo Okido. For copyright matters please contact us at: legal@valnetinc.com
published: 07 Dec 2022 -
Alternative Jet Fuel
Alternative Jet Fuel
published: 25 Mar 2010 -
INVENTIONS OF THE FUTURE YOU'VE NEVER SEEN BEFORE
20 Amazing Inventions That Will Change Your Life #vehicles #inventions #technology #inventions #vehicles #technology 15 AMAZING INVENTIONS THAT WILL CHANGE YOUR LIFE Welcome to the future! In this video, we explore **advanced technology** and **next-gen gadgets** that will transform our world. Whether you're into cutting-edge **artificial intelligence (AI)**, immersive **virtual reality (VR)**, or futuristic **smart devices**, this is the ultimate tech roundup you don’t want to miss. AI is revolutionizing industries from healthcare to entertainment. We discuss how **AI-powered tools** like ChatGPT are becoming smarter every day, making everything from content creation to customer support more efficient. With AI advancements, **robotics** and **automation** are now at the forefront of i...
published: 08 Dec 2024 -
The Uncertain Future of Jet Fuel
Sign up to Nebula here: https://go.nebula.tv/realengineering New streaming platform: https://watchnebula.com/ Links to everything I do: https://beacons.ai/brianmcmanus Get your Real Engineering shirts at: https://standard.tv/collections/real-engineering Credits: Writer/Narrator: Brian McManus Editor: Dylan Hennessy (https://www.behance.net/dylanhennessy1) Animator: Mike Ridolfi (https://www.moboxgraphics.com/) Sound: Graham Haerther (https://haerther.net/) Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster https://twitter.com/forgottentowel References: [1] https://www.carbonbrief.org/aviation-consume-quarter-carbon-budget [2] https://www.ge.com/gas-power/products/gas-turbines/lm6000 [3] http://www.ethanolproducer.com/articles/7031/ge-powers-turbines-with-ethanol-in-brazil/#:~:text=Two%20of%20GE's%2043...
published: 04 Jul 2021
developed with YouTube
Is There A Better Way To Power Airplanes?
- Order:
- Duration: 3:01
- Uploaded Date: 28 May 2020
- views: 469626
This video was made in partnership with Bill Gates. To learn more about his work on clean energy, visit https://gatesnot.es/2WDTJ1L
It’s hard to replace jet fuel because the alternatives aren’t energetic enough, are too dangerous, or aren’t yet being made at scale.
Thanks also to our Patreon patrons https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth and our YouTube members.
___________________________________________
To learn more, start your googling with these keywords:
Jet fuel - a liquid petroleum fuel with high specific energy and energy density, used in airplane jet engines, made of kerosene with a few additives
Specific Energy - how much energy something contains per unit mass
Energy Density - how much energy something contains per unit volume
Synthetic jet fuel - a jet fuel replacement, typically aiming to have lower life cycle environmental impacts than jet fuel (AKA: sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), alternative jet fuel, renewable aviation fuel, renewable jet fuel, biojet fuel, sustainable alternative fuel)
Kerosene - a petroleum product that is the main component of jet fuel (and old fashioned lanterns)
___________________________________________
If you liked this week’s video, you might also like:
What you get from a barrel of oil - https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/oil-and-petroleum-products/
Real Engineering: Are Electric Planes Possible? - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNvzZfsC13o&feature=youtu.be
_________________________________________
Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: http://goo.gl/EpIDGd
Support us on Patreon: https://goo.gl/ZVgLQZ
And visit our website: https://www.minuteearth.com/
Say hello on Facebook: http://goo.gl/FpAvo6
And Twitter: http://goo.gl/Y1aWVC
And download our videos on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n
___________________________________________
Credits (and Twitter handles):
Script Writer and Narrator: Alex Reich (@alexhreich)
Video Illustrators: Ever Salazar and Sarah Berman
Video Director: Ever Salazar (@eversalazar)
With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Kate Yoshida, Peter Reich, David Goldenberg, Julián Gómez, Arcadi Garcia Rius
Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder
___________________________________________
References:
ATAG. Nov 2017. Beginner’s Guide to Sustainable Aviation Fuel, Edition 3. https://bit.ly/2AcJLLW Accessed Jan 2020.
ATAG. “Producing sustainable aviation fuel” https://bit.ly/3gncnmh Accessed Jan 2020
Burton, Freya. Personal communication, Feb 2020
Caldeira, K. Personal communication, Feb 2020
Cey, E., et al. 2019. Energy Education. “Oil formation.” https://bit.ly/3ej8r3Y Accessed Jan 2020
Chuck, C. (Ed.). 2016. Biofuels for aviation: feedstocks, technology and implementation. Academic Press
Goldmann, A., et al. 2018. A study on electrofuels in aviation. Energies, 11(2), 392. https://bit.ly/2AfRUis
Hileman, J. I., & Stratton, R. W. 2014. Alternative jet fuel feasibility. Transport Policy, 34, 52-62. https://bit.ly/2X8832H
IATA. May 2019. “Sustainable Aviation Fuels Fact sheet.” https://bit.ly/2ZO2BDX Accessed Jan 2020
IATA. December 2019. "Fuel Fact Sheet." https://bit.ly/3dcJ0Ry Accessed March 2020
Le Feuvre, P. 18 March 2019. Are aviation biofuels ready for take off? https://bit.ly/2XA5R2T
Lehtveer, M., Brynolf, S., & Grahn, M. 2019. What Future for Electrofuels in Transport? Analysis of Cost Competitiveness in Global Climate Mitigation. Environmental science & technology, 53(3), 1690-1697. https://bit.ly/3d96QgX
McKinsey. Energy Resources. https://bit.ly/2M7pYzW Accessed December 2019.
Monroe Aerospace. 29 April 2019. Why Airplanes Use Kerosene Rather Than Plain Gasoline for Fuel. https://bit.ly/3d8FpnD
Searle, S. 15 Nov 2018. Decarbonizing aviation through low-carbon fuels will be beyond difficult. https://bit.ly/2zAN1kc
Shaw, R.J. 12 June 2014. "How does a jet engine work?" https://go.nasa.gov/2XOwG3F Accessed Jan 2020
Sindreu, J. 10 Jan 2020. The Promise of Sustainable Aviation Fuel Isn’t for Today. https://on.wsj.com/3gthykv
Wikipedia. "Nuclear Powered Aircraft” https://bit.ly/2ZGECGw Accessed Jan 2020.
Thanks also to Steve Thorne and Erik Pieh.
References for calculations
https://bit.ly/3c9Lvmc
https://bit.ly/2yC04kS
https://bit.ly/2X5OAPV
https://bit.ly/2zDqoLT
https://bit.ly/3gw1L4n
https://bit.ly/2TLZQPo
https://bit.ly/2TGOV9B
https://bit.ly/2TLG86r
https://bit.ly/2ZHdZkN
https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=jet+fuel
https://www.toyota.com/corolla/features/capacities/1882/1863/1856
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/how-much-does-gasoline-weigh.html
https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/Transatlantic_Fuel_Efficiency_Ranking_20180912.pdf
https://www.transtats.bts.gov/Distance.asp?pn=0
https://physics.info/energy-chemical/
https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-storage
https://neutrium.net/properties/specific-energy-and-energy-density-of-fuels/
https://wn.com/Is_There_A_Better_Way_To_Power_Airplanes
Alternative Jet Fuels (Part 8: Sustainable Aviation)
- Order:
- Duration: 4:01
- Uploaded Date: 13 Jan 2021
- views: 13981
Alternative Jet Fuels are chemically equivalent to conventional jet fuel, but are produced from non-fossil fuel sources.
There are various ways of doing this, but they can be grouped into two categories:
• Biofuel
• Synthetic fuel
Biofuels cause more harm than good, as they intensify competition for scarce global land and water resource. For context, the wheat required to meet today’s aviation needs in biofuel, equates to almost as much as humanity’s entire food calorie requirement (and remember the industry plans to quadruple existing air traffic by 2050!).
Synthetic Fuel is scalable without requiring as much land, but is VERY energy intensive. It's therefore a massive waste of our limited low carbon energy resources and in any case, will be significantly more expensive than the baseline price for conventional aviation fuel. This is something that the aviation industry is NOT factoring into their future projects for air traffic growth.
Takeaway messages:
1. Biofuel can't be scaled sustainably
2. Synthetic Fuel can be scaled, but won't be cost-competitive with conventional fossil fuels. Without of course: effective emissions pricing.
https://wn.com/Alternative_Jet_Fuels_(Part_8_Sustainable_Aviation)
How do we make sustainable aviation fuel?
- Order:
- Duration: 1:28
- Uploaded Date: 24 Nov 2022
- views: 60862
There are many ways to produce SAF. And yes, you can help too by collecting your used cooking oil by example!
Do you have some chemical memories? Watch this last video to understand the mechanism of production!
https://wn.com/How_Do_We_Make_Sustainable_Aviation_Fuel
Alternative Jet Fuel Tests
- Order:
- Duration: 1:32
- Uploaded Date: 15 May 2013
- views: 427
NASA and 11 other research groups are testing two non-petroleum-based jet fuels in the pursuit of alternative fuels that can power commercial jets and address rising oil costs.
https://wn.com/Alternative_Jet_Fuel_Tests
The best alternative to Jet Fuel may be... Jet Fuel! #shorts
- Order:
- Duration: 0:36
- Uploaded Date: 22 Aug 2022
- views: 29272
The best alternative to jet fuel could be synthetic jet fuel, made from renewable sources. However, this is currently still too expensive compared to regular jet fuel.
If you want to know more, have a look here: https://youtu.be/5z7v69--UDs
https://wn.com/The_Best_Alternative_To_Jet_Fuel_May_Be..._Jet_Fuel_Shorts
Can sustainable aviation fuel clean up flying? | FT Rethink
- Order:
- Duration: 7:19
- Uploaded Date: 22 Mar 2023
- views: 51933
Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), which is made from feedstocks such as used cooking oil, can reduce emissions from flying by up to 80 per cent. With the aviation industry under pressure to hit net zero by 2050, airlines are eager to increase its use. The FT’s Myles McCormick looks at whether production of SAF can be scaled, and how long it will take.
#aviation #sustainability #netzero
See if you get the FT for free as a student (http://ft.com/schoolsarefree) or start a £1 trial: https://subs.ft.com/spa3_trial?segmentId=3d4ba81b-96bb-cef0-9ece-29efd6ef2132.
► To learn more, visit our website - https://channels.ft.com/en/rethink/
► Watch more videos from this series here - https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrhpR40o4n5xqQ3aPNmWnJJbp-rX52yNk
► Check out our Community tab for more stories on the economy.
► Listen to our podcasts: https://www.ft.com/podcasts
► Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/financialtimes'
https://wn.com/Can_Sustainable_Aviation_Fuel_Clean_Up_Flying_|_Ft_Rethink
The differences between car fuel and jet fuel #shorts
- Order:
- Duration: 0:54
- Uploaded Date: 07 Dec 2022
- views: 2117897
The differences between car fuel and jet fuel
#shorts
Subscribe for more amazing videos! ► https://bit.ly/36ik9gE
Edited by: Luca Hideo Okido.
For copyright matters please contact us at: legal@valnetinc.com
https://wn.com/The_Differences_Between_Car_Fuel_And_Jet_Fuel_Shorts
Alternative Jet Fuel
- Order:
- Duration: 2:09
- Uploaded Date: 25 Mar 2010
- views: 222
Alternative Jet Fuel
https://wn.com/Alternative_Jet_Fuel
INVENTIONS OF THE FUTURE YOU'VE NEVER SEEN BEFORE
- Order:
- Duration: 1:00:51
- Uploaded Date: 08 Dec 2024
- views: 382
20 Amazing Inventions That Will Change Your Life
#vehicles #inventions #technology
#inventions #vehicles #technology
15 AMAZING INVENTIONS THAT WILL CHANGE YOUR LIFE
Welcome to the future! In this video, we explore **advanced technology** and **next-gen gadgets** that will transform our world. Whether you're into cutting-edge **artificial intelligence (AI)**, immersive **virtual reality (VR)**, or futuristic **smart devices**, this is the ultimate tech roundup you don’t want to miss.
AI is revolutionizing industries from healthcare to entertainment. We discuss how **AI-powered tools** like ChatGPT are becoming smarter every day, making everything from content creation to customer support more efficient. With AI advancements, **robotics** and **automation** are now at the forefront of innovation.
**Wearable Tech and Smart Gadgets**
Imagine **smartwatches** that monitor your health in real-time or **augmented reality (AR)** glasses that bring the digital world right in front of your eyes. These **wearable technologies** are not just cool—they’re lifesavers in many scenarios, thanks to their ability to track vital health stats and improve productivity.
### **Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Sustainable Tech**
From **Tesla’s self-driving cars** to solar-powered homes, the future of transportation and energy is green. **Autonomous vehicles** are becoming safer and more efficient, while **renewable energy technologies** are paving the way for a more sustainable planet.
### **Smart Homes and IoT Devices**
Your home is about to get a lot smarter! **Internet of Things (IoT)** devices like Alexa, Google Home, and **smart thermostats** are redefining how we interact with our surroundings. Imagine a home that knows your preferences and adjusts lighting, temperature, and even playlists automatically.
### **Quantum Computing and Advanced Processors**
Prepare for lightning-fast computers with the rise of **quantum computing**. These machines are capable of solving problems that traditional computers can’t, opening doors to breakthroughs in science, medicine, and cybersecurity.
### **Future Gadgets to Watch Out For**
Stay tuned for reviews on **foldable phones**, futuristic drones, and **holographic displays**! These gadgets are not just concepts—they’re on their way to becoming part of our daily lives.
If you love exploring new technologies and want to stay updated on the latest in AI, VR, IoT, and more, hit that **Subscribe** button! Don’t forget to like, share, and comment on your favorite tech trends. Let’s build a community of tech enthusiasts ready for the future!
#FutureTech #AI #SmartGadgets #TechnologyTrends #WearableTech #SmartHomes #ElectricVehicles #QuantumComputing #VirtualReality #NextGenTech #vehicles #inventions #technology
#inventions #vehicles #technology
#Technology, #Innovations, #FutureTech, #SmartDevices, #GreenTechnology, #FlyingCars, #WearableTech, #RenewableEnergy, #3DPrinting, #aigadgets #facts #automobile #technology
#FutureTech #InnovativeTechnology #GreenEnergy #AIRevolution #SustainableFuture #SpaceExploration #SmartCities #ElectricVehicles #AdvancedTransportation #FutureOfTechnology #CuttingEdgeTech #NextGenInnovation #2030Tech #RevolutionaryInventions #TechOfTomorrow
#RVLife, #LuxuryRVs, #OffRoadAdventure, #Motorhomes, #ExpeditionVehicles, #AdventureTravel, #RVLivingTips, #RVCamping, #RVInteriorDesign, #TravelTrailers, #RoadTripLife, #FamilyTravel, #ExploreTheOutdoors, #RVAdventure, #TravelInStyle
#RVLiving #LuxuryRVs #OffRoadRVs #BestRVsForTravel #AdventureRVs #ExpeditionVehicles #RVTravelTips #MotorhomeLifestyle #RVCamping #OffRoadAdventure #LuxuryMotorhomes #RVKitchenIdeas #FamilyRVTravel #RVInteriorDesign #RVRoadTrips
#LuxuryRVs #BestRVsForTravel #RVInteriorDesign #OffRoadRVs #FamilyRVTravel #RVKitchenIdeas #AdventureTravelRV #HighEndRVs #CumminsDieselRV #RVLivingTips #ExpeditionVehicles #OffRoadAdventure #MotorhomeLifestyle #TravelTrailers #RVRoadTrips
#FutureTechnology #AIDrivenSystems #UrbanAirMobility #SupersonicJets #ElectricAircraft #SpaceExploration #GreenTechnology #SmartCityTech #AdvancedTransportation #FuturisticVehicles #SolarPoweredVehicles #SustainableTech #FutureOfTransportation #InnovativeTech #NextGenInventions
#FutureTechnology #CuttingEdgeInnovations #SustainableTech #FuturisticVehicles #UrbanAirMobility #SpaceExploration #ElectricAircraft #SolarPoweredInnovations #SupersonicJets #SmartCityTechnology #AdvancedTransportation #AIDrivenTech #GreenEnergySolutions #FutureInventions #2030TechTrends
https://wn.com/Inventions_Of_The_Future_You'VE_Never_Seen_Before
The Uncertain Future of Jet Fuel
- Order:
- Duration: 24:50
- Uploaded Date: 04 Jul 2021
- views: 1270536
Sign up to Nebula here: https://go.nebula.tv/realengineering
New streaming platform: https://watchnebula.com/
Links to everything I do:
https://beacons.ai/brianmcmanus
Get your Real Engineering shirts at: https://standard.tv/collections/real-engineering
Credits:
Writer/Narrator: Brian McManus
Editor: Dylan Hennessy (https://www.behance.net/dylanhennessy1)
Animator: Mike Ridolfi (https://www.moboxgraphics.com/)
Sound: Graham Haerther (https://haerther.net/)
Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster https://twitter.com/forgottentowel
References:
[1] https://www.carbonbrief.org/aviation-consume-quarter-carbon-budget
[2] https://www.ge.com/gas-power/products/gas-turbines/lm6000
[3] http://www.ethanolproducer.com/articles/7031/ge-powers-turbines-with-ethanol-in-brazil/#:~:text=Two%20of%20GE's%2043.5%20megawatt,to%20be%20powered%20by%20ethanol.
[4] https://www.chevron.com/-/media/chevron/operations/documents/aviation-tech-review.pdf
[5] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/petroleum
[6] https://nwfuel.ca/whats-deal-winter-diesel/
[7] https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/w/war-damage-reports/uss-franklin-cv-13-war-damage-report-no-56.html
[8] https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/ethanol-water-d_989.html &
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ethanol#:~:text=Ethanol%20appears%20as%20a%20clear,Vapors%20are%20heavier%20than%20air.
[9] https://www.engineering.iastate.edu/brl/files/2011/10/brl_biomassprop_volumetricenergydensity.pdf & https://neutrium.net/properties/specific-energy-and-energy-density-of-fuels/
[10] https://www.pnas.org/content/117/23/12576
[11] https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-releases/en/2021/03/aviation-leaders-launch-first-inflight-100-sustainable-aviation-fuel-emissions-study-on-commercial-passenger-jet.html
[12] https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-study-confirms-biofuels-reduce-jet-engine-pollution
[13] https://www.reuters.com/article/us-norway-airplane-biofuels/airlines-get-ready-for-jet-biofuel-take-off-in-norway-idUSKBN1XV1TQ
[14] https://simpleflying.com/sas-2019-financial-results/
[15] https://news.stanford.edu/2019/03/18/new-way-generate-hydrogen-fuel-seawater/
[16] https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-storage
[17] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1002007116303240#:~:text=However%2C%20hydrogen%20compression%20to%20700,L%20for%20gasoline%20%5B22%5D.
[18] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364032197000075
[19] I can’t be arsed to find a reference for this one. I have a masters degree in aeronautical engineering, just trust me.
[20] https://www.airbus.com/innovation/zero-emission/hydrogen/zeroe.html
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images
Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.
Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Thank you to my patreon supporters: Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung
https://wn.com/The_Uncertain_Future_Of_Jet_Fuel
developed with YouTube
PLAYLIST TIME:
- 3:01Is There A Better Way To Power Airplanes?remove from playlistshare this video
- 4:01Alternative Jet Fuels (Part 8: Sustainable Aviation)remove from playlistshare this video
- 1:28How do we make sustainable aviation fuel?remove from playlistshare this video
- 1:32Alternative Jet Fuel Testsremove from playlistshare this video
- 0:36The best alternative to Jet Fuel may be... Jet Fuel! #shortsremove from playlistshare this video
- 7:19Can sustainable aviation fuel clean up flying? | FT Rethinkremove from playlistshare this video
- 0:54The differences between car fuel and jet fuel #shortsremove from playlistshare this video
- 2:09Alternative Jet Fuelremove from playlistshare this video
- 1:00:51INVENTIONS OF THE FUTURE YOU'VE NEVER SEEN BEFOREremove from playlistshare this video
- 24:50The Uncertain Future of Jet Fuelremove from playlistshare this video
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Is There A Better Way To Power Airplanes?
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- published: 28 May 2020
- views: 469626
This video was made in partnership with Bill Gates. To learn more about his work on clean energy, visit https://gatesnot.es/2WDTJ1L
It’s hard to replace jet fuel because the alternatives aren’t energetic enough, are too dangerous, or aren’t yet being made at scale.
Thanks also to our Patreon patrons https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth and our YouTube members.
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To learn more, start your googling with these keywords:
Jet fuel - a liquid petroleum fuel with high specific energy and energy density, used in airplane jet engines, made of kerosene with a few additives
Specific Energy - how much energy something contains per unit mass
Energy Density - how much energy something contains per unit volume
Synthetic jet fuel - a jet fuel replacement, typically aiming to have lower life cycle environmental impacts than jet fuel (AKA: sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), alternative jet fuel, renewable aviation fuel, renewable jet fuel, biojet fuel, sustainable alternative fuel)
Kerosene - a petroleum product that is the main component of jet fuel (and old fashioned lanterns)
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If you liked this week’s video, you might also like:
What you get from a barrel of oil - https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/oil-and-petroleum-products/
Real Engineering: Are Electric Planes Possible? - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNvzZfsC13o&feature=youtu.be
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Credits (and Twitter handles):
Script Writer and Narrator: Alex Reich (@alexhreich)
Video Illustrators: Ever Salazar and Sarah Berman
Video Director: Ever Salazar (@eversalazar)
With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Kate Yoshida, Peter Reich, David Goldenberg, Julián Gómez, Arcadi Garcia Rius
Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder
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References:
ATAG. Nov 2017. Beginner’s Guide to Sustainable Aviation Fuel, Edition 3. https://bit.ly/2AcJLLW Accessed Jan 2020.
ATAG. “Producing sustainable aviation fuel” https://bit.ly/3gncnmh Accessed Jan 2020
Burton, Freya. Personal communication, Feb 2020
Caldeira, K. Personal communication, Feb 2020
Cey, E., et al. 2019. Energy Education. “Oil formation.” https://bit.ly/3ej8r3Y Accessed Jan 2020
Chuck, C. (Ed.). 2016. Biofuels for aviation: feedstocks, technology and implementation. Academic Press
Goldmann, A., et al. 2018. A study on electrofuels in aviation. Energies, 11(2), 392. https://bit.ly/2AfRUis
Hileman, J. I., & Stratton, R. W. 2014. Alternative jet fuel feasibility. Transport Policy, 34, 52-62. https://bit.ly/2X8832H
IATA. May 2019. “Sustainable Aviation Fuels Fact sheet.” https://bit.ly/2ZO2BDX Accessed Jan 2020
IATA. December 2019. "Fuel Fact Sheet." https://bit.ly/3dcJ0Ry Accessed March 2020
Le Feuvre, P. 18 March 2019. Are aviation biofuels ready for take off? https://bit.ly/2XA5R2T
Lehtveer, M., Brynolf, S., & Grahn, M. 2019. What Future for Electrofuels in Transport? Analysis of Cost Competitiveness in Global Climate Mitigation. Environmental science & technology, 53(3), 1690-1697. https://bit.ly/3d96QgX
McKinsey. Energy Resources. https://bit.ly/2M7pYzW Accessed December 2019.
Monroe Aerospace. 29 April 2019. Why Airplanes Use Kerosene Rather Than Plain Gasoline for Fuel. https://bit.ly/3d8FpnD
Searle, S. 15 Nov 2018. Decarbonizing aviation through low-carbon fuels will be beyond difficult. https://bit.ly/2zAN1kc
Shaw, R.J. 12 June 2014. "How does a jet engine work?" https://go.nasa.gov/2XOwG3F Accessed Jan 2020
Sindreu, J. 10 Jan 2020. The Promise of Sustainable Aviation Fuel Isn’t for Today. https://on.wsj.com/3gthykv
Wikipedia. "Nuclear Powered Aircraft” https://bit.ly/2ZGECGw Accessed Jan 2020.
Thanks also to Steve Thorne and Erik Pieh.
References for calculations
https://bit.ly/3c9Lvmc
https://bit.ly/2yC04kS
https://bit.ly/2X5OAPV
https://bit.ly/2zDqoLT
https://bit.ly/3gw1L4n
https://bit.ly/2TLZQPo
https://bit.ly/2TGOV9B
https://bit.ly/2TLG86r
https://bit.ly/2ZHdZkN
https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=jet+fuel
https://www.toyota.com/corolla/features/capacities/1882/1863/1856
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/how-much-does-gasoline-weigh.html
https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/Transatlantic_Fuel_Efficiency_Ranking_20180912.pdf
https://www.transtats.bts.gov/Distance.asp?pn=0
https://physics.info/energy-chemical/
https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-storage
https://neutrium.net/properties/specific-energy-and-energy-density-of-fuels/
Fuel
A fuel is any material that can be made to react so that it releases chemical or nuclear energy as heat or to be used for work. The concept was originally applied solely to those materials capable of releasing chemical energy but has since also been applied to other sources of heat energy such as nuclear energy (via nuclear fission or nuclear fusion).
The heat energy released by reactions of fuels is converted into mechanical energy via a heat engine. Other times the heat itself is valued for warmth, cooking, or industrial processes, as well as the illumination that comes with combustion. Fuels are also used in the cells of organisms in a process known as cellular respiration, where organic molecules are oxidized to release usable energy. Hydrocarbons and related oxygen-containing molecules are by far the most common source of fuel used by humans, but other substances, including radioactive metals, are also utilized.
Fuels are contrasted with other substances or devices storing potential energy, such as those that directly release electrical energy (such as batteries and capacitors) or mechanical energy (such as flywheels, springs, compressed air, or water in a reservoir).
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Fuel
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... the legislature, including a bipartisan bill in 2023 that incentivized the purchase and manufacturing of jet biofuels. He was also the chair of the state alternative jet fuels work group for 12 years.
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Instead, the 72-page, fact-filled report makes a CO2-tight case that this largely crop-based, "renewable" alternative to today's carbon-heavy jet fuel should never be produced.
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Made from renewable materials, SAF is a liquid alternative to conventional jet fuel that is capable of reducing carbon emissions by up to 80 percent over its life cycle when compared to standard jet fuel.
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While low-aromatic sustainable aviation fuel offers a cleaner alternative to fossil jet fuel, adding them meets operational and safety standards without amendments to the existing technology.
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According to Dahnum, coconut oil is a good raw material for bio-jet fuel since coconuts that are unfit for consumption, such as old, small, or moldy coconuts, can be processed to make alternative aircraft fuel.
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