People in the Tomskaya region like magic formulas very much. You can see some of them below.

Imagine you are given a sequence of positive integer numbers *p*<sub class="lower-index">1</sub>, *p*<sub class="lower-index">2</sub>, ..., *p*<sub class="lower-index">*n*</sub>. Lets write down some magic formulas:

Here, "mod" means the operation of taking the residue after dividing.

The expression <img align="middle" class="tex-formula" src="https://espresso.codeforces.com/b364f2e04c665b78b924ec10666327a4ef4635bc.png" style="max-width: 100.0%;max-height: 100.0%;"/> means applying the bitwise *xor* (excluding "OR") operation to integers *x* and *y*. The given operation exists in all modern programming languages. For example, in languages C++ and Java it is represented by "^", in Pascal — by "xor".

People in the Tomskaya region like magic formulas very much, but they don't like to calculate them! Therefore you are given the sequence *p*, calculate the value of *Q*.
The first line of the input contains the only integer *n* (1 ≤ *n* ≤ 10<sup class="upper-index">6</sup>). The next line contains *n* integers: *p*<sub class="lower-index">1</sub>, *p*<sub class="lower-index">2</sub>, ..., *p*<sub class="lower-index">*n*</sub> (0 ≤ *p*<sub class="lower-index">*i*</sub> ≤ 2·10<sup class="upper-index">9</sup>).
import sys
import string
import math
import heapq
from collections import defaultdict
from functools import lru_cache
from collections import Counter
from fractions import Fraction

def mi(s):
    return map(int, s.strip().split())

def lmi(s):
    return list(mi(s))

def tmi(s):
    return tuple(mi(s))

def mf(f, s):
    return map(f, s)

def lmf(f, s):
    return list(mf(f, s))

def js(lst):
    return " ".join(str(d) for d in lst)

def jsns(lst):
    return "".join(str(d) for d in lst)

def line():
    return sys.stdin.readline().strip()

def linesp():
    return line().split()

def iline():
    return int(line())

def mat(n):
    matr = []
    for _ in range(n):
        matr.append(linesp())
    return matr

def matns(n):
    mat = []
    for _ in range(n):
        mat.append([c for c in line()])
    return mat

def mati(n):
    mat = []
    for _ in range(n):
       mat.append(lmi(line())) 
    return mat

def pmat(mat):
    for row in mat:
        print(js(row))

def main():
    line()
    arr = lmi(line())
    n = len(arr)
    curr_xor = [1]
    ans = 0
    for i in range(2, n + 1):
        times, rem = n // i, n % i
        if times % 2 != 0:
            ans ^= curr_xor[-1]
        if rem != 0:
            ans ^= curr_xor[rem - 1]
        curr_xor.append(i ^ curr_xor[-1])

    for n in arr:
        ans ^= n
    print(ans)
main()
