People in the Tomskaya region like magic formulas very much. You can see some of them below.

Imagine you are given a sequence of positive integer numbers *p*<sub class="lower-index">1</sub>, *p*<sub class="lower-index">2</sub>, ..., *p*<sub class="lower-index">*n*</sub>. Lets write down some magic formulas:

Here, "mod" means the operation of taking the residue after dividing.

The expression <img align="middle" class="tex-formula" src="https://espresso.codeforces.com/b364f2e04c665b78b924ec10666327a4ef4635bc.png" style="max-width: 100.0%;max-height: 100.0%;"/> means applying the bitwise *xor* (excluding "OR") operation to integers *x* and *y*. The given operation exists in all modern programming languages. For example, in languages C++ and Java it is represented by "^", in Pascal — by "xor".

People in the Tomskaya region like magic formulas very much, but they don't like to calculate them! Therefore you are given the sequence *p*, calculate the value of *Q*.
The first line of the input contains the only integer *n* (1 ≤ *n* ≤ 10<sup class="upper-index">6</sup>). The next line contains *n* integers: *p*<sub class="lower-index">1</sub>, *p*<sub class="lower-index">2</sub>, ..., *p*<sub class="lower-index">*n*</sub> (0 ≤ *p*<sub class="lower-index">*i*</sub> ≤ 2·10<sup class="upper-index">9</sup>).
def fastio():
	import sys
	from io import StringIO 
	from atexit import register
	global input
	sys.stdin = StringIO(sys.stdin.read())
	input = lambda : sys.stdin.readline().rstrip('\r\n')
	sys.stdout = StringIO()
	register(lambda : sys.__stdout__.write(sys.stdout.getvalue()))
fastio()

MOD = 10**9 + 7
I = lambda:list(map(int,input().split()))

n, = I()
l = [0] + I()
ans = 0

xor = [0]*(n + 1)
for i in range(1, n+1):
	xor[i] = xor[i-1] ^ i

for i in range(1, n + 1):
	ans ^= l[i]
	if (n // i)%2:
		ans ^= xor[i-1]
	ans ^= xor[(n%i)]
	

print(ans)